s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s L Reare C S 4. sssss sssss sssss D sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 6 E ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 7 S ppppp ppppp ppppp D 2 ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 8 S 2. sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 9. E C S. 2. sssss D pppppppppp D sssss S. 1.  sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss  S. 3. sssss  pppppppppp  sssss S. 4. In this precedent Figure you see the divisions of the Company drawne up into an even body or Battalia all the Fell-leaders standing even in Front together making one Ranke CHAP. LXXV How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one File sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their postures THe Company standing in an even body as the former Figure shewes before the Captaine shall exercise them in grosse as they now stand the easiest readiest and most convenient way is to see every man particularly doe his postures both of Pike and Musquet Wherefore first draw out the body of Pikes from the shot then command the right Wing of shot to face to the left hand and the left Wing of shot to face to the right hand then Marching forwards joyn their Files together so facing as they were makes them stand in an even body That Officer which intends to exercise the Pikes is to draw them into one side of the Field and some other Officer is to take the Musquets and draw them another way a convenient distance apart so that one division may not interrupt the other then either Officers drawing out their Files one following another leading them round into a Ring the Officers standing in the middest every Souldier facing towards him so that hee may see all their actions and likewise they may heare his words of command and observe how hee handles his Armes that they may imitate him and where he sees any one aukeward and ignorant hee is speedily to step to him and to shew him how to demeane himselfe the words of Command and the postures followe in the next Chapter CHAP. LXXVI How an Officer is to demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetieres and how every Souldier is to observe and imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his men as before is shewed himselfe standing in the middest of them taking a Musquet in his hand and Bandelieres about him he shall command silence and being presupposed they stand with their Bandiliers on their match betweene their fingers their Musquets shouldred and their Rests in their hands the Officer commands them to 1 Rest your Musquet This Pocture is performed the Musquet being shouldred First by slipping it then bringing about the right hand and grasping the Musquet at the breech and at the same instant drawing in your right heele to your left ankle with a small jutte of the shoulder you raise the Peece and poise it in the right hand being stretcht out with the Musquet-rest in the left hand likewise stretch'd out then bringing about your left hand and foot you meet the Musquet with your Rest placing it upon the ground aslant from you your Thumbe pressing the side of the Barrell and the Forke of the Rest together your right legge being brought a little forwards standing with a full body towards the mouth of the Peece the But end close to your side above your huckle bone 2 Poise your Musquets This Posture is performed by bringing up the right leg to the ankle of the left the Peece being stayed upon the Rest by the pinching of the Thumbe the right hand at the same motion graspes the Peece at the Breech the middle joynt of the fore-finger plac'd under the Pan the upper joynt next the hand just with the breech-pin the Thumbe upon the inside of the Stocke a little pressing downe the right hand and raising the left with the Rest you receive it and hold it at armes end with the mouth plum upwards the Rest in the left hand with the Arme out-stretch'd the right foot being removed side-wayes at the same instant with the right hand the body will stand full and comely 3 Shoulder your Musquet The Musquet being poised you must bring about your right hand drawing up the heele of your right foot to your left ankle and as your Musquet is ready to touch your left shoulder you must at the same instant bring about your left hand over the But end of the Peece with the Rest in it the ground end of your Rest pointing towards your right thigh joyning the Sear◠of the Peece close to your shoulder Note when you intend to poise it as in the former posture you must turne the point of your Rest inwards towarde your left thigh and withall let the Peece slip a little the Breech will lye fit for the right hand to receive it 4 Take your Rest in your right hand fit for march There needs no great commenting upon this Posture onely when the Musquet is shouldred you are take the Rest into your right hand for to be a stay unto you in your march 5 Take your match betweene the fingers of your right hand This Posture is performed by bringing about your right hand and betweene the fore-finger and thumbe thereof take the Match within an inch of the Cole from betweene the little and third finger of the left hand then holding your right hand out from your body 6. Put your Rest string about your left wrist and carry your Rest in your left hand There needs no great circumstance about this Posture onely you having the Rest in your right hand upon a March you now put on the String upon the left hand holding the Rest in it over the But end of the Musquet by which you are in a readinesse to make present use of it 7 Returne your Match betweene the fingers of the Left hand This Posture is performed having the Match betweene the finger and the Thumbe of the right hand you are to bring your Arme about towards the left hand there placing the Cole end of the Match betweene the middle and third finger thereof the light end to the backe of the hand-ward then taking the other end of the Match and place it in like manner betweene the third and little finger by this meanes it is not troublesome but readie to bee
of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-end of it you charge it as before
is shewed If this Posture be to be performed Marching your Pike being shouldred then first steppe forwards with your right foote and let your left hand receive the Pike and equall distance from your right hand towards the butt-end of the same raising your Pike forwards with your right hand from your shoulder then at the same instant step forwards with your left foot and receive the butt-end of the Pike with your right hand just behind the side of your right thigh But to performe this Posture â—rooping and your Pike advanced then you are only to step forwards with your left foot and with a little shogge of the shoulder and drawing backe the butt-end of your Pike in your right hand will cause the Pike to fall forwards where your left hand is at the instant to be ready to receive it betweene the Thumbe and the forefingers at a convenient distance Charge to the Horse Note in charging to the Horse it hath beene in former ages used to place the but-end of your Pike in the ground by the inside of your right foot and so to draw your Sword over your left arme and divers Rankes of Musquetiers plac'd to shoot over their heads behind them No question it is a very good way for your Bow-pikes but the former charging is most in use Charge to the Reare You may by the precedent Posture conceive how to charge your Pike either to the right or left hand But for the charging to the Reare the Pikes being either shouldered or advanced is somewhat difficult Therefore you may please to observe that if the Pike bee advanced you must with your left hand take it in his proper place up towards your head then suddenly turning your body about towards your left hand and being faced about you are to thrust backe your right hand with the butt-end of the Pike in it and withall your right leg is to be set out with it this will bring you into the right Posture But if your Pike be shouldered and you are to charge to the Reare then you must take the Pike in your left hand a good distance from your right hand towards the butt-end and at the same instant with your right hand raise the Pike from your shoulder as high above your head towards your left side as possibly you may then standing firme with your left legge you are to bring about your right side and legge towards the left hand about and being halfe turned you are to let loose your right hand and with your left hand you are somewhat to advance the point of the Pike forwards so that the butt-end may bee drawne backe by your right side for your right hand to receive it your right foot also at the very instant being stept backe makes you stand fully charged Port your Pikes This Posture is performed by holding the Pike a halfe distance betweene advancing and charging and was only invented to case the hind most Rankes from the intollerable labour of continuall charging and to secure the Pikes from the Bullets which would have more power to breake them if they hold them advanc'd Besides it is the most aptest and comliest Posture for a Company to use in marching thorow a Port or Gate and most readiest for to charge upon a sudden Checke your Pike This Posture is to be performed at three Motions First if your Pike be shouldered you are to raise it with your right hand from your shoulder and with a ticke of your left hand you are to convey the butt-end of it by your right side then thrusting backe your right with the Pike in it so farre as conveniently may be you are to take a fathom with your left hand as farre towards the Speare end of the Pike as possibly you may then conveying the Pike in your left hand baackward as before you are againe with your right hand to take another fathome within a foot of your Pikes end Lastly stepping forwards with your left foote you bring your left hand withall which receives the Pike within a quarter of a foot of the Speares end Provided alwayes that in all the motions of the hands you suffer not the butt-end to touch the ground untill you have checkt it with your left hand Pikes as you were Trayle your Pikes This Posture is performed after you have used the Circumstances in checking as in the precedent Posture is shewed by bringing up your Right foot even with your left and by removing your right hand just before your left close to the end of the Pike then you are to withdraw your left hand and place it a-kimbo by your side and your right hand will hold the end of the Speare just above your right huckle-bone with your body standing full forwards Pikes as you were Lay downe your Pikes This Posture is to bee performed your Pike being advanced by stepping forwards with your right foot then your right shoulder with a small bearing forwards and with it a little jogge causeth the Pike to meet the left hand which gently conveyes the Speares end to the ground then turning about your right arme in a kind of Circle will cause the backe of your hand to bee next the outside of your right Thigh then leaning your body forwards you convey the butt-end to the ground close at the side of your right foot so as the Pike will lye in an even line from your foot forwards Recover your Pikes and charge This Posture is performed your feet standing even together only owing your body forwards you cause the backe of your right hand to bee put downe close by the out-side of your right foot then in the raising of the butt-end of your Pike you turne your hand with the Pike in it so that the inside of your hand will bee towards your right side Then your left hand in the raising taketh the Pike at a convenient place or distance and elevates it either to the Posture of charging or ordering as the Officer shall please to command The word of Command which the Officer is to use for the reducing of these Postures to their first station is Pikes as you were There are divers other Postures which I doe here omit referring you to the booke of Militarie discipline Composed by that worthy Gentleman Master William Barrife Lieutenant to the Artillery Garden who hath merited much honour in performing so Noble a worke in a most concise and exquisite way for the which our Kingdome is much bound to him CHAP. LXXVIII How the Commanders shall draw their Files both of Musquetiers and Pikes and joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse YOu have seene every Souldier performe his Postures well then you must draw out the File-leader of the Right-hand-file with his whole File Commanding every File-leader successively to draw up his File either of other And being drawne into a body command them to advance their Pikes In the meane time the Lieutenant or some other Officer
so little as you will have him Likewise to make him keepe his head alwayes towards the Enemie being in fight at single duell you must make him goe sidewayes with his hinde part onely and his fore part stand party steady to performe this you must turne your bridle hand somewhat on that side you touch him likewise you must helpe him with your rod by striking him therewith on the contrary flanke behinde Further take notice the carriage of your Horses head is a matter of no small consequence his forehead being the strongest part of his head his snought or mussell the weakest and tendrest the more he thrusteth out his mussell the more he distendeth his backe and beareth the lesse force in his actions and it is impossible hee should ever make good Manage observe time keepe order or continue in breath any space of time together whereas by bringing in his mussell and extending his forehead he uniteth his force together and gathereth his strength in his backe whereby he becommeth more nimble in his actions Secondly he shall see his way the better and be in lesse danger of falling in running and if he should chance to fall he is the abler to rise speedily Thirdly in his performances against an enemie he shall be able to execute or suffer more with his forehead than can be expected from his Mussell being the tendrest part of him Fourthly he cannot be so apt to be urged right forwards upon a sudden as otherwise he might doe Lastly the Horse that Raynes well and bringeth in his head shall alwayes bee better stayed both of head and necke and have a better mouth than otherwise Wherefore if your horse will not bring in his head at any time when you stop him with your bridle hand then holding your hand still at that stay correct him sometimes with your right Spurre and sometime with your left and sometimes with both your spurres at once and at the selfe same instant thrust him with your right hand upon the necke towards his eares to force him to bring in his head but if he will not yeeld with that then by pulling your bridle towards you cause him to goe backe some three paces and then to returne faire and softly to his first place this being put in action divers times together and every time he thrusteth out his nose correct him as before is shewed Moreover if your horse by wresty so as he cannot be put forwards then let one take a Cat tyed by the tayle to a long pole and when he goes backewards thrust the Cat towards his stones where she may claw him and forget not to threaten your horse with a terrible Noyse or otherwise take a Hedgehog and tye him streight by one of his feete to the inside of the horses tayle so that he may squeake and pricke him Likewise if your horse be fearefull and shie so that he is afrayd of every thing he sees you must take heede that in no wise you correct him for it least he should take the thing he beholdeth and shunneth to be the cause of his chastisements and so become more fearefull than before but rather stay a while and doe not force him forwards but by gentle meanes make him by little and little aproach neere the thing he feares which if he performes cherish him with your speech and hand and you shall set by standing still sometimes to looke on it and sometimes by going towards the object he feares he will be so acquainted therewith as he will not feare it and when he commeth at it let him gaze and smell on it a good while to the intent he may be more assured thereof Further to embolden your horse to make him hardy in the warres you must use to incounter upon a soft pace or trot with another horse man face to face in one path but beware they dosâ—e not one the other but rather let the adverse horse bee compelled backe a few steps which will harty the other or if you please you may incounter one with the other riding in two sundry pathes the one comming cheeke by cheeke within a foote of the other the pathes being both of a just length each of them containing about tenne paces to the intent in managing your horse too and fro upon a trot you comming one towards another from two contrary ends may both meete right in the midst of your course passing one by another which you cannot chuse but doe if you keepe true time as well in their trotting as in their â—urning also not forgetting upon what hand soever the one turneth the other must doe the same and in the selfe same instant Moreover when you trot the Ring you may embolden your horse by entring both together into the Right Ring then turning your horse tayle to tayle follow you the right hand and let him follow the left in the same Ring the ring path being so inlarged that at your meeting in ryding it about you may not touch one the other Having ridden thus about twise you may enter the left ring and doe as before was shewed CHAP. CVI. How to make a Horse endure Pike Sword Gunshot Drumme and the like IN this Chapter we are to deale with the difficultest matter of all and that is now to make a Horse abide Pike Gunshot Sword Drumme and the clattering of Armour or to runne upon any hazard to performe this you must acquaint him throughly with the rod or truntion so as he may not feare it sometimes coying him therewith upon the Necke and by holding the point right forth by his eye or betwixt his eares so as it may bee alwayes in his sight and being throughly assured of the rod then appoint a foote man having a staffe in his hand or pike to stand in your way as you should passe and as you aproach let the footeman by little and little make signes seeming to strike your horse upon the head then encourage your horse to goe on towards the footeman who at the same instant must retreate backe as if he would flee in doing this you shall much imbolden him Likewise to make him abide the sword a footeman must performe it in the same manner as he did with the Pike but be ware he strikes him not After this cause half a dozen footemen or more to stand in his way making a greâ—t shouting and noyse threatning him with their loude voyces against whom you must incourage him to goe forwards first with a soft pace secondly with a trot thirdly with a gallop at which time let the footemen retreate fayning to runne away also let them threaten them with their staves Pikes or swords To make him dure Gunshot Drumme or clattering of Armour or any hideous noyse whatsoever let your horse goe hard by another horse or rather betwixt two other horses that are accustomed to the like noyse and are not afrayd and as you ride together cause
used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the inâ—ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
is to divide the Musquetiers they being drawne into a body as aforesaid into two equall parts or Divisions if there should bee an odde File in one of the Divisions it makes no matter Next you are to draw up your body of Pikes betweene those Divisions of Musquets fronting them with the Musquets in an even line Or otherwise you may draw your Musquetiers upon the left wing of your body of Pikes their Front and Rankes being placed even one against another you are to command the Pikes to open their Rankes and to order their Pikes the Musquetiers are to have all their Musquets Rested Then commanding the right-hand-division only to shoulder their Musquets and to face to the Right-hand Then commanding them to March even through the Rankes of the Pikes an ordinary distance beyond them and causing them to face to the left-hand will bring them into true order with the Pikes Next you are to command the residue or left wing of Musquets to shoulder their Peeces and to face to the right hand and advance them forwards to the side of the Pikes observing their distance betwixt them then facing them to the Left hand makes them stand even with the Pikes Or if you please you may make use of a third way to draw your Musquetiers upon either Wing of your Pikes Your Pikes being first drawne into a square body and your Musquetiers in a like square body being drawne up to the reare of the Pikes You may command them to double their Front to the Right and left hand by Division which is in this kind performed One halfe of the Files of Musqueteirs are to face to the right hand and the other halfe to the left hand either Division marching after they are turned right forwards about sixe foot beyond the flankes of the Pikes Then that Division of Musquetiers which marched towards the left-hand you are to command them to face to the right hand And the division of Musquetiers that marched to the right hand you are to command them to face to the Left Then both the divisions of Shotte at one instant in an even order are to March up by the side of the Pikes untill they front even with them These things being thus performed you are to command your Musquetiers to shoulder their Musquets and slope them You are likewise to command your Pikemen to advance their Pikes and then begin to exercise them in their Motions as followeth having first ordered them in their distance for Motion at six foote both in Ranke and File CHAP. LXXIX How a Commander shall exercise his Company in grosse in their proper Motions after hee hath drawne the Shotte upon either Wing of the Body of Pikes with the words of Command for the performance thereof as also for the reducing them to their first station HAving duly performed those Circumstances specified in the former Chapter and now standing in the head of your Company the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Serjeants upon either Flanke after you have commanded silence and also to stand right in their Rankes and Files you shall command them to Faces to the right hand This Motion is performed only by turning your body to the place where your right hand stood not moving your right foot at all but turning it a little upon the ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this word of Command As you were so turning to the left hand againe brings them to their former station Faces to the left hand This motion is performed by turning your body to the place where your left hand stood bringing your left legge somewhat about and onely turning your right foot a little upon the Ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command As you were so turning off to the right hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the right hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the right hand so that your face stands where your back parts did and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command To the left hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the left hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the left hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the left hand so that your face stands where your backe parts did and to reduce them to their former Station you must use this word of Command To the right hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the right hand brings them to their first Station These motions of facing being perfectly done you shall command the whole Company to front to the right hand and cause them there to begin anew the aforesaid motions where ten to one you shall finde them anew to seeke so fronting them from hand to hand round about will make them perfect otherwise they will be to seeke as oft as you alter your Front CHAP. LXXX Of Facing Square and how to performe it The usefulnesse of Facings and the severall parts thereof FAcings are so usefull and necessary that a Commander may as well dispence with any one of the grounds of Discipline as with them for upon all occasions in Service they are usefull and not onely sooner executed than any other of the motions but may be needfull when wheelings and Counter-marches cannot be used as in a strait There are no more than foure faces intire besides Angular as in the precedent Chapter is shewed But as for your divisionall there be divers which I have omitted Intire Facings are so called when the aspect of the whole Companie is directed one way Divisionall Facings are so called when the aspect of the Souldiers is at one and the same time directed divers wayes as to the Front and Reare the Right the Right and Left or to all foure at once c. Angular Facings are so called when the Aspect of the Companie is directed to the right Corner man which is the right Angle or to the left Corner man which is the left Angle or to the foure Corner men which are termed the foure Angles These Angular Facings amongst the Grecians were of great use for they made use of them by reducing out of the Square a Diamond Battell and from the Diamond they reduc'd two Triangles by cutting or dividing the same in the middest at the two flat Angles and of two Triangles they framed a Sheere Battell and of three or foure Triangles they framed their Saw-Battell c. Now for the instructing of your Souldiers how to Face Square if the body bee but eight in depth you must command the two first Rankes to stand fast likewise the two last Rankes are to face about the rest of the Body are to face to the Right and Left if the Body be deeper then you must command more Rankes to the Front and so likewise to the Reare and in
the conductor of them become into the Front of the Pikes then he is to leade them quite crosse the Front of Pikes untill he have attained the further part of the Front to the left which being done they are all to stand present and give fire You must observe withall that he in this firing that was the right hand man of the Ranke and was the Leader of the motion now becomes the left hand man when he gives fire and when they have fired they are to wheele off to the left close by the left flanke of Pikes and so to fall into the Reere of the Musquetiers In the Interim whilst that the Ranke that first fired is wheeling away the second ranke is marching into their places to give fire And in this maner they may maintaine their skirmish so long as they please the Pikes either porting or charging all the while The Musquetiers in their time of their crossing the Front are to couch or stoope under their Pikes that they may be no impediment to them in their charge There is another way of firing by extraduction which is that the Right hand Leader of Musquetiers placeth himselfe before the right File Leader of Pikes the rest all faling beyond him but this is a more imperfect way then the former and not worth the further describing For Reducement you must command your Pikes to stand and your Musquets to double their Front by division But if you want roome to doe it then first double your Files to the contrary hand of that which you doubled your rankes and so having doubled by division as a foresaid they will be reduced as at first Wheele your flankes into the front face to your Leader The firings belonging to a broad fronted battell are of singular use either offensive or defensive The words of direction that produceth this forme is in the Margent and the maner of performing it is thus first cause your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers to march untill the reere ranke of Musquetiers be advanced a little space before the Front of the Pikes then let the Musquetiers face inwards or in opposition and close their division and then face to their Leaders And if you would bring more hands to fight double rankes to any hand But the speediest way to produce thus forme is to wheele both flankes into the Front For the manner of firing there are Intervalls made for each division to the right that so they may either fall into the reere of the shot and there continue the firing or else fall into the reere of the Pikes and be thereby secured from the enemies horse Wherefore be pleased to observe the words of Command whereby this forme is produced which is placed in the Margent For the performance of this firing the first ranke is to present and give fire then wheele off to the right all passing downe the Intervalls to the right and placing themselves in the reere of their owne shot the Musquetiers making good their Leaders ground Likewise after the next rankes have fired they are after the former Manner to wheele off and to place themselves This way they may give fire once or twise over and then make use of a second way And that is to place themselves in the reere of the Pikes either standing or advancing Or if neede be the Pikes may close their divisions and charge at the foote the Musquetiers giving fire over them For Reducement If you make this forme of battell by wheeling your flankes into the front and there having given fire as foresaid Then you must cause them to give fire over againe and so fall into their former places for you must observe that the second firing will cause the body to face to the Reere which then becomes a Front accidentall and then by wheeling your Flankes into the Front againe and facing them about to the right will bring them into their first station or if you would reduce them without giving of fire over againe then you must Command your shot to double their Front by division that being done you are to wheele both Flankes into the Reare then facing to their Leaders you must againe Command the Musquetiers to double their Front by division and they will be in their first forme and station CHAP. XC How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere with the severall wayes there to belonging and how they ought to be performed HAving in the former discourse shewed the diverse and sundry wayes of giving fire in the Front It seemes now requisit I should doe the same Office in demonstrating the severall wayes of giving fire in the Reere Wherefore after the Commander hath taught his Souldiers these wayes or at least the chiefest of them in giving fire in the Front he must performe the like paines in exercising them in their firings in the Reere And first having Commanded them to face about into the Reere or wheele them about or performe it by Counter marching The Company we presuppose stands in Battallia with the wings of shot upon each flanke of the body of Pikes the Pikes being shouldred you may cause them to march easily forwards the Enemie being supposed to appeare in the Reere Command your last ranke of Musquetiers to face about present and give fire wheeling off by division File-wise marching uptoward the Front and there placing themselves before the foremost ranke of shot the outmost man of each ranke being the Leader up of those which have fired where first taking their place on the outside the rest wheeling about them and ranking even with them on the inside ever observing that they ranke even with the second ranke of Pikes the rest of the shot also doing the like and in this manner to continue the firing as occasion shall require This kinde of firing may easily be performed if Souldiers will but observe these following directions viz when the last ranke of Musquetiers have presented to the reere and are giving of fire then the ranke which marcheth next before them must blow open and present at three motions still keeping along even with the body of Pikes untill that lastly they present to the reere by which time the ranke that last fired will be wheeled away The next ranke so soone as the other hath presented is likewise at three motions to doe the same and so successively for all the rest every ranke observing upon each rankes firing to loose one and to march one ranke neerer to the reere of the battell that so that part may still be kept absolute Captaine Swan at the giving over of Deventer in Gilderland by Stanly and Yorke did defend himselfe from the enemies Horse by giving fire in the reere untill he had gained a place of strength which honorable performance will never be buried in oblivion But suppose the Enemies horse shall still pursue your troopes in the reere you having gained some straight or place of aduantage
left so to give them roome to march up betweene them in the meane time the next File having given fire wheeleth off in like manner marching up on the left hand of the File that fired last before and so successively for all the rest of the Files of Musquetiers all which are to give fire and wheele off as before placing them still on the left hand of the Files which last fired wherein still is to be noted that the Pikes are still to open to the right and left for the receiving the shot betweene them after they have discharged This firing as well as all the former firings in Flank may be led off by their bringers up as well as by their File-Leaders and then the reducement will be answerable The shot having all given fire the Pikes may seeke to defend themselves by charging at push of Pike or at foote if there bee any Bow Pikes they may gall the enemy in the meane time or the shot may play over the shoulders of the Pikes as they charge at the foote one ranke giving fire after another for the formost Ranke having fired may kneele downe and there make ready againe untill the next Ranke behind hath also fired c. For reducement and to bring the Musquetiers into both flankes againe as they were before wee discoursed of these severall firings in Flankes you must first command your Pikes to face inwards and your Musquetiers to the right and left outward and so to passe them through and interchange ground then facing them to their Leader they will be reduced as at first You must observe that all these firings in flanke may as well be performed to the left hand and with the same words onely the words of right must be changed for left and left for right The next discourse shall be of divisionall firings CHAP. XCII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in divisionall firings viz. front and reere upon a March. Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere and flanke your Pikes YOu may please to remember how that in the last foregoing firings in the flanke the Shot were placed in the middest of the Pikes and now before we can give directions for these divisionall firings in Front and Reere we must observe the way of reducing the Musquetiers into the Front and Reere of the Pikes from the forme wherein they last stood To performe this you must command the halfe Files of Musquetiers to face about which done let the Pikes stand and the Musquetires march untill they are cleare both of Front and Reere of Pikes then let them stand and face to their Leader then command your Pikes to close their divisions and the shot will bee one halfe of them in Front and the other halfe in the Reere in a readinesse to performe this firing which wee are now about to discourse of The Pikes being shouldred and the words of command and direction given as in the Margent is specified the first Ranke in the Front presents and the last Ranke faceth about to the Reere and doth the like and so by giving fire together wheele off by division viz. the one halfe of the Ranke following after the right hand man of the same Ranke the other halfe after the left hand man who leads them close downe by the sides or flankes of the Musquetiers untill they come to the Pikes The first Ranke of Musquetiers in the Front are to ranke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere are to ranke even with the last Ranke of Pikes leaving a sufficient distance betwixt them and their Pikes for the other Musquetiers to march betweene And by the way take notice that he that was outermost when they gave fire must likewise be outermost when they have taken their places on the Flanks the first and last Ranke having fired and wheeled off the next rankes the body marching on three or foure steppes are in like manner to present and give fire wheeling off by division and passing betweene the divisions there placing themselves they of the Front division are to place them selves behind those which fired last before them and they of the Reere division before them which fired last in the Reere behind them and thus they may continue to give fire after the same manner untill they have all given fire over once then may the body make a stand and the Pikes charge to the Front and Reere if occasion be or if the Commander would continue his firing to the front and Reere still upon this same forme then let the shot of the Front place themselves after they have given fire behind the Musquetiers of their owne division and those of the Reere division are to place themseleves betwixt the Reere of Pikes and the shot of their owne division and so the body moving but slowly forwards they may continue the firing Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere placing your selves betweene your divisions In the precedent discourse after fire was given to Front and Reere the shot flanked the Pikes now from this forme I will indeavour to shew you a second way of firing to Front and Reere which may easily be effected if the Souldiers be well instructed To performe this firing take these words of command and directions placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing following The command being thus given the first Ranke presents to the front likewise the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere faceth about and presents towards the Reere then both at one instant gives fire wheeling off by division and placing themselves betweene the Musquetiers of their division These namely which were of the Front halfe files falling into the Reere of their owne divisions and those of the Reere halfe files contrary wise falling before their halfe File-Leaders and ranking even with the halfe File-Leaders of the Pikes the next Ranke successively firing and wheeling off after the same manner Having fired once over they are reduced every man to his place The Officer must take some paines in teaching his Souldiers these two last firings otherwise they will seeme very difficult at first for them to performe CHAP. XCIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere and right Flanke marching and likewise to both Flankes at once marching and also to both Flankes standing Musquetiers give fire to the right flanke and reere placing your selves betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions THis kinde of firing in Reere and Flanke upon a march is very serviceable at such times as the enemy shall skirmish with the body to annoy them in their passage in Flanke and Reere at one time And this kinde of firing you may performe two severall wayes as first your Musquetiers being placed in their ordinary place upon the Flankes of their Pikes The second and more securer way for the Pikes will be to draw the Musquetieres from that flanke which is
least in danger crosse the Reere of Pikemen The words of command and direction you shall finde in the Margent which produceth this latter forme of firing the words of command being given to fire to the Reere and right Flanke The outermost File of Musquetiers presents to the right and the last Ranke of Musquetiers presents to the Reere and so both give fire the rest of the body in the meane time marching a reasonable pace The right hand File on the right Flanke and the last Ranke of the Musquetiers in the Reere of the Pikes having fired the File facech to the left after their File Leader and so marcheth up betweene the Musquetiers of the same division and the Pikes the Rankes also wheeling off to the right and placing it selfe next after the Reere of Pikes and if you please you may make an Intervall or space betweene the Musquetiers in the Reere that so one part may wheele off to the right on the outside the other part wheele off to the right and march up betweene the Intervalls into their places The first File file upon the Flanke and the first Ranke in the Reere that presented having given fire and wheeled cleare of the body the next File and ranke is to present and give fire after the same manner wheeling off and taking their places as aforesaid and so successively the rest both Files and Rankes gives fire observing the same order and having given fire once twice or oftner over they are still reduced to the same they were before the firing began then draw your shot from the Reere to the left Flanke againe and they will be in their first forme and station Musquetiers give fire to both Flankes marching up betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions This kinde of firing to both Flankes marching may be upon some occasions serviceable and the shot after they have given fire may be eyther placed betweene their owne divisions and the Pikes or betweene the midst of the Pikes for their better securitie the shot being placed upon both the Flankes of the Pikes as we left them in the former discourse you must make use of the words of command and direction which is placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing The command being given the outmost file of each Flanke presents outward the rest of the body still continuing of the march the presented Files in the interim giving fire then facing after their proper File-Leaders who are to leade them up betweene the Musquetiers of their owne divisions and the Pikes in the time of their wheeling away the next two outermost Files are to present firing after the same manner and leading up as before the rest successively doing the like untill they have fired all over which brings them to their former places Advance your Pikes and stand face to the right and left Musquetiers give fire and Flanke your Pikes This kinde of firing to both Flankes upon a stand is produced by the words of command and directions placed in the Margent onely observe the Musquetiers are placed upon both Flankes of the body of Pikes as you left them in the precedent discourse The words of command being given the whole body both of Pikes and Shot are to face to the right and left hand and then the formost Rankes of Musquetiers which before the facing were the outermost Files are to present and give fire and then wheele off by division Ranking even with the formost Rankes of Pikes and leaving sufficient Intervalls for the rest of the Musquetiers to march betweene them and the Pikes The next Ranke presenting and firing after the same manner but not advancing forwards onely firing upon the same ground and wheeling off by division afterwards passing downe betweene the Intervalls and so ranking after their Leaders but you must observe by the way that they that were outermost when they gave fire are likewise to be so when they have taken their places All the Rankes of Musquetiers having fired and wheeled off as before the Pikes if neede be may charge and the Musquetiers giving fire over againe wheeling off outwards and placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisious Having advanced your Pikes and faced your body to their first Front all your Musquetiers will be in Front and Reere and then if your halfe Files about and give fire after the same manner formerly discoursed of to the Front and Reere having faced them againe to their first Front they will be reduced as at first into their ordinary square CHAP. XCIIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in a Triple way of giving fire to the Front BY this triple firing to the Front the precedent forme of firing to both Flankes standing may be reduced for the Musquetiers of the Reere division opening to the right and left and sleeving upon the Flankes of the Pikes untill the Leaders of the Reere division who then were the halfe File-Leaders ranke even with the Front of Pikes and those in the front division are placed before the Pikes in the Front securely covering them from the enemy The word of command and directions that produceth this forme of firing is placed in the Margent Musquetiers of the Reere double your Front of Pikes by division The one halfe of the shot being placed before the front of the Pikes and the other halfe placed upon eyther flanke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the word of command being given then the first Ranke of Musquetiers both of front and flankes presents to the front and gives fire wheeling off to the right and left by division The Musquetiers of the front division being wheeled off as aforesaid close by the flankes of their owne Musquetiers passe directly downe betweene the Intervals and place themselves even in Ranke behind the Musquetiers of the Reere division which are upon the flanks like wise the Musqueters that fired at the same time on the flankes wheele also off the right flanke to the right the left flanke to the left marching directly downe even with the reere Rankes of the Pikes and there place themselves againe even in ranke with the last ranke of Pikes this done the rest of the rankes successively give fire and doe the like every ranke taking his place after the ranke that fired last before them the other Rankes mooving one ranke forwarder the Musquetiers having given fire once over and falling off according to this direction they will all be reduced to the Flanke againe as at first View the figure in the next page The Figure of the Triple firing to the Front Front Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant CHAP. XCV How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire three wayes at once viz. to the Front Reere and right Flanke IN performing this firing three wayes at once first you may suppose the Musquetiers to be placed upon eyther Flanke of the Pikes then by commanding the halfe Rankes of the left to double
roofe of the mouth and likewise the lippes with a kinde of Chirrupping doth much put a horse forwards in a gentle straine The Rod is a very necessary instrument if used aright viz. not to correct your Horse with it out of season but onely at the very instant he erreth for there is no such way as a good wand well labored upon a stubborne horse that is wresty The Bridle governes a Horse as the Helme doth the Ship and it is the principall instrument about him to bring him in subjection and to fit him for service wherefore divers things in it are considerable as the fashion of the bit sutable to the tendernesse of his mouth the Musrowle the Cheekes kurbles ports treaches and such like bitts according to the discretion of the Rider He most likewise know when to ride his Horse with a Bitte then with what manner of Bitte and how to use it at first putting on and in what part of his mouth it must rest Likewise how to hold the Raynes when even together and when one shorter than another and what measure he shall keepe with his hand in bearing hard or loose high or low when to use the false Raynes or Musrowle and when to leave them when and how to correct him with the Bridle and when to helpe him Many men spoile their Horse at first by using to sharpe a Bitte wherefore the safest way is to take a plaine Cannon with right cheekes and that hath beene formerly used placing it a little above his great teeth annointing it with a little honey mixt with salt which will make him leane to it and delight in it the better The Raynes you must hold in your left hand so as your little finger and Ring finger be betwixt the two Raynes and your thumbe may lye close upon the Raynes with the brane thereof turned towards the sadles pummell being destitute of a Rodde take the overplusse that hangeth downe by the middest in your right hand holding just by your right thigh In bearing your bridle you must observe three severall wayes first by bearing the Raynes low beneath the pummell of the saddle even with the witherâ— which is a ready way to correct him Secondly bearing your hand heigher towards the middest of the pommell thâ—â— maintaines him Thirdly bearing him just above the Pommell that is used in managing him to beare the hand higher is by sundry Authors disallowed first in regard it weâ—â—ieth the arme secondly if neede require you have not so much power to stoppe your Horse when you would Thirdly being upon Service in the field against your enemy the bearing of your hand so high would be a trouble unto your defence and a commodity to your enemie for thereby he may easily cut your Raynes in sunder Lastly you can have no steady hand upon your horse for any continnance by meanes whereof he can never rayne well nor port his head steedy unlesse you beare your hand low remembring when you turne your horse neither to draw your armes nor hands more on the one side than the other but keepe it even with the horses crest and onely to turne your fist a little inward or outwards to signifie unto him what hand you would have him turne unto for the helpe of the caulfe and heele in riding the Ring you must consider divers Circumstances as first a single stroake of the contrary legge to the side you intend to turne upon as for example if you would have him turne on the right side then you must touch him with your left legge if on the left hand then with your right legge Secondly a double stroake striking him with both your legges together with an even stroake and this is to make him thrust forwards Thirdly the closing stroake as for example when you would have your horse close his turne well as namely to the right hand then in his turning touch him with your left legge in the spurring place and with your right legge immediatly after more backwards towards his flanke Fourthly to strike with both heeles one after the other foure or five times serves for a correction when your horse transgresseth The use of the Stirâ—op availeth much in helping a young horse in his beginning for if he carries his head or necke a wry or hang on one side more than another by striking him with the Stirrop under the shoulder on the contrary side will cause him to amend his fault The use of the Spurre is to helpe when the horse hath beene first backt halfe a score times and when you first use them let it be in a new fallow field which lyes upon stetches and then tro the Ring and when you put spurres to him forget not to helpe him with your voyce or lippes How and when to use the spurre you may observe what is before spoken of the calfe and heele CHAP. CIV Further Instructions concerning the ordering and riding of a Horse for Service with the use of the Ring NOw let us proceede further to the instructing of horses and fitting them for the imployment of warre wherein the Rider must use great diligence in making him tread loftily to keepe one path and to trot cleane which is one of the chiefest points then to goe softly to runne or to gallope Secondly you must teach him to be light at stoppe Thirdly to advance or rise up with his fore legges Fourthly to turne readily upon both hands with single turne or double turne Fiftly to make a sure and ready mannage Sixthly to passe a swift carriere for which purpose you must take a new fallowed land with deepe forrowes to make him lift up his feete then trotting him right out about the length of a hundred paces crosse the Ridges then ride him a good way up one of the furrowes in such part of the land as will admitte space enough Then beginne to turne on the right hand making him easily treade out a round circle twise together containing twenty five or thirty paces and being come about at the second time to the place you began then tread out the like circle Ring on the left hand after twise going about it then beginne againe on the right hand and so shift from Ring to Ring treading each of them twice about untill you have gone about the left Ring foure times and the right Ring sixe times this being performed trot him right out in the same furrow where he began first the length of thirty paces And then pulling in your Bridle hand stoppe him and stay a pretty while together causing him to stand still keeping his head and body right in the furrow this being performed then turne him softly on the right hand and being come round againe in to the same path trot him backe againe into the place from whence first he came then alight off his backe coying and encouraging him this you must performe eight dayes
three or foure Pistols to be discharged first a good distance off then neerer hand according as your horse beginneth to abide them during which time forget not to make much of him Likewise every morning before he is drest discharge a Musket or two and sound a Trumpet and beate a charge with your drumme and then when he is patient feede him and cherish him the Groome may sometime dresse him in bright armour hee may be used to eate his Oates from off the Drumme head you may ride him against an armour plac't upon a stake that he may overthrow it and trample it under his feete Every horseman that doth not observe these briefe observations and fit himselfe and his horse in all respects before hee come to be trayned they will prove both unfit for service neither would I wish any Captaine to approve either of man or horse that in some reasonable manner hath not attained to this perfection for an Oxe well Managed may in possibility doe better service than an ill ridden wresty horse neither can any security or reputation bee expected by any service they shall undertake if the Officers be not diligent to see their Troopes well ordered and demeaned Thus premising every Horseman is or will be in this nature qualified wee will proceede to the Exercising of private Troopes and breefely shew all their Postures and how they ought to be imbattelled but first it is necessary to give a touch about the severall kinde of arming both of Curassiers Harquebuzires Carabines and Dragoones as followeth CHAP. CVII How the horse Troopes ought to be devided and distinguished by their severall armes apt and fit for divers services and what proportion of Cavalry ought to be joyned with the Infantry WE are to understand how our Generalls of late ages have divided their horse Troopes into foure severall kindes proper for divers Services and accordingly their armings are sutable to their Offices as The arming of the Câ—irassier Harquebuzier Carbine Dragoone is chiefely Defensive Offensive Offensive and Defensive The light armed which are the Harquebuziers Carabines and Dragoones are imployed to begin a charge against the Infantry upon flanke and reare at once the Front is dangerous if the two armies of foote be ready to joyne then the heavie armed viz. the Cuirassiers shall take the advantage of such disorders as are procured by the light armed for their compleate arming is efficatious to defend their bodies from the push of pikes the better to thrust in amongst them The light armed are also more apt and fit to be sent upon services that require expedition which the heavie armed are unfit to performe for the Cuirassier is to be compleately armed Capapè with a good Buffe coate to preserve his body from the pinching of his pondrous armour his horse is to be fifteene hand high and upwards he is also to have his Bedee Nagge and a Boy to carry his Armes and Snapsacke and to get him forrage for his horses his Saddle and Bitte must be strong and good whereunto must be fixed upon each side of it a case of good Firelocke Pistolles the barrell being full eighteene inches long and the bore of twenty or twenty foure bullets in the pound with his Spanner and flaske boxes a good sword and a scarffe over his armes to distinguish him from the enemie His service in the warres is chiefely defensive As for the proportion which the horse should beare to the foote there are divers of sundry opinions but the Prince of Orange used to allow three to tenne or twelve at most viz. 3000. horse to 1000. or 12000. foote and every troope consisting of five score horse which are ordered twenty in ranke and five deepe in file the which custome they use the rather because of the scarsitie of their horse and againe they are opiniated that in regard each horse man hath two Pistolles they may perfect their fight as well as a Troope of Musquetiers that are tenne deepe in â—yle having but one Musquet apeece but from this hath proceeded many inconveniences as Captaine Beumount hath observed wherefore his advice was to have the horse Troopes consist of sixe score so they may be ranked twenty in breast and sixe deepe in file they being then more apt and proper to double their rankes whereby their front may be extended or if being in skirmish with the enemy any shot should be drawne out to give fire upon them in the reare then the two hindmost rankes of a horse may peckiere about and put them to retreate and the foure foremost rankes in the front may be the better able to prosecute their fight wherefore my discourse shall be to shew you how the Troopes consisting of 120. horse ranked twentie in brest and sixe deepe in file shall be exercised and fitted for the warres and leave it to the judicious Commander to take his choyse CHAP. CVIII How the Harquebuziers and the Carbines ought to demeane themselves THese kinde of horse men are to be armed with an open Caske Gorget backe and brest more than Pistoll proofe with good Buffe coate to preserve their bodies from bruising Their Harquebuzes are to be two foote and a halfe in length their bores of seventeene bullets to the pound about their neckes a strong leather Belt with a Swivell to hang the Ring of their peeces upon a Flaske and Touch boxe and Pistolls like to the Cuirassiers Their horses ought not to be under the size of fifteene hands in height when they passe by the Generall or Troope through the streetes of a towne they place the but end upon their right thigh and their right hand grasping the barrell towards the middest of it the locke towards their bodies otherwise in their march if the enemy be not neere they hang downe by their sides Likewise the Carbine requires a smaller horse a faire Buffe coate his Carabine twentie seven inches long the bore of twentie foure bullets to the pound and he is to demeane himselfe upon all points like the Harquebuze having his sword in a strong belt Flaske and touch boxe CHAP. CIX How the Dragoones ought to arme and demeane themselves THe Dragoones are no lesse than a foote company consisting of Pikes and Muskets only for their quicker expedition they are mounted upon horses they are of great use for the guarding of passages and fordes in regard of their swiftnesse they may prevent the enemies foote and gaine places of advantage to hinder their passage Their Pikes are to have thongs of leather about the middle of them for the easier carriage of them The Muskets are to have a broad strong belt fastened to the stocke of them well neere from one end to the other whereby he hangs it upon his backe when hee rideth holding his match and bridle in his left hand any horse if he be swifâ— will performe this service in regard they alight and doe their service a foote so that when tenne men alight the eleventh holdeth
are best horst or those that are nimblest of foote so that they may the safer retire upon all occasions moreover they must not stay over long behind the Army but so as they may soone recover it for otherwise they will be cut off by the enemy If a retreat be wisely carried the enemy that shall follow may receive more dammage then they that retreat But on the contrary side if you perceive the enemy doth provide to steale from you it is wisedome to anticipate such passages as they must passe thorow sending secretly certaine troopes to fortifie at the entrance of them likewise to barricado up the way with trees and to have your Army alwayes in a readinesse to set out after them following them at the heeles but in this case the Army must keepe a very strict order in their Battallia's and march up close together commanding your horse to charge the enemy in the Reare which will bee a meanes to stay the hindermost part of the Army and then the Vantguard of your enemies Army being come to the passages that are blockt up it will so discourage the enemy that your Army marching up to them in Battell aray they will bee easily overthrowne as there hath beene divers examples to verifie this The lightest Ordnance are the best to pursue the enemy withall for which purpose Grave Maurice the Prince Van Nasaw had fifty or sixty small field peeces cast which hee used to place between his Battallions which were of great service in the time of fight for two or three men could weild one of them as they pleased both in advancing it forwards and drawing backe as occasion served and it were very fit and of excellent use to have such small peeces cast here in England for his Majesties service which may bee imployed many waies I have observed the Hollanders how they made use of these small Ordnances to place them in little vessels which they provided to safeguard their great rivers as the river Issel and the Rhine one of these had thirty or forty souldiers to man her and eight or tenne of these peeces whereby they prevented the enemy from marching over the said rivers likewise they were safeguards to the Army when they were convayed by Boates up those rivers or when they lay intrencht neere any great river they safeguarded the Reare of the qnarters from treachery also they safe conducted such Boates as brought Victuals and Ammunition to the Army If occasion should bee in our land which God forbid it should be they could not doe us lesse service than by experience they have done them besides such small vessels being made for service were of more worth to offend an enemy that should dare saile up in any of our great rivers than the greatest Ship of burden for it were impossible for our great Ships to make a fight in the river Thames but they will be more ready to hurt themselves than the enemy whereas these small vessels will lye under the shot and glide up and downe by the great vessels sides and gall them In the next place it remaines how an Army should March neere an enemies Battery to secure themselves from the shot in this you must observe the situation of their Batteries how they are flancked by which you may come to perceive in what direct liâ—e eâ—ch peece of Ordnance shall make her true shot and so accordingly either to open the files and ranckes for the passage of the shot or else to fetch a circumference in your March so as the shot shall not touch the files but only a ranke but the securest way is to March secretly by the most obscurest places so as the Ordnance may not discover you Lastly for conclusion if the enemy should assault your troopes in in some narrow passages or high wayes you are to demeane your selfe as followeth First you are to fill the passage or high way with your pikes if the breadth of your troopes be not sufficient to performe it then double your rancks whereby the Wings will extend themselves to the filling up of the passage these then charging your enemies hande or foote your Musketiers being in the Reare the Battell being thus ordered let the first ranke of Musketiers which are those next the pikes face to the right hand and march forth file-wise close up by the right flanke of the pikes untill he that is leader of the said file be even with the Front of the Pikes then he is to face to the right hand and lead them quite crosse the Front of the Pikes untill he hath attained the further part of the Front to the left hand which being performed they are to make a stand and couch under the Pikes and give fire upon their knees so as the Pikes may not be hindred to charge then are they to march downe by the left flancke and place themselves in the Reare of the shot and the next files in order are to advance into the Front after the same manner and performe the same service by this meanes continuall fire shall be given upon the enemy whilst this skirmish is in action Let there be drawne out certaine Pikes and Musketiers into the best inclosed fields either on one or both sides of the way where they may secure themselves from the enemies horse and there charge the enemy on the flancks or at least keepe them from charging your owne troopes that are in skirmish to maintaine the passage view the figure following in the next page The figure of the Battell Front Left flancke Right flanke Reare In this figure the Character p shewes how the Pikes are plac't their Fronts being doubled the other represents the Musketiers as you may perceive them marching up the right flancke and so plac't under the Pikes in the Front ready to give fire upon the enemy you may likewise perceive certaine shot drawne out into two closes upon each side of the high way whose duty is to give fire upon the enemies flancks as they are charching the Front of the Battell or if the enemy should draw out any forces to charge your Flancks then these shot having Pikes to joyne with them shall be able to encounter with them and prevent them Thus I hope I have collected sufficient instructions which may give any reasonable man satisfaction concerning the ordering of their March only if you please I will referre you to divers Modernâ— Authors which have write of this subject viz. Ierosme Cattamo pag. 133. Machiavill pag. 67. Bellay pag. 151. Barrit pag. 132. Edmonds pag. 39. Garrits Arte of Warre pag. 245. In the next place we are to discourse of the incamping of an Army and how to order the Guards and the Intrenchments Thus ends the sixteenth Section RVLES TO BE OBSERVED IN QVARTERING OR INCAMPING AN ARMY SECT XVII CHAP. IIII. How a Generall is to quarter his Army with the election of places of greatest security what Redoubts are to be raised
two severall demonstrations The first shall be as before is spoken of when the Rear of the Camp is secured by some great River or Arme of the Sea The second a square incampment upon the Champion where no naturall strength can afford us help For the first of these two when the place affords such naturall strength that the Rear of the Army may be secured by some River or Arme of the Sea provided alwayes that the enemy cannot come with shipping to annoy you the Front of this Camp must be towards the enemy where a certain Brest-work must bee raised four or five foot high upon the most eminent ground and about the same breadth the ditch about six foot broad and four foot deep this must run if the ground will give leave with some nooks and angles the better to flanker some part of this intrenchment as by the following figure you may perceive marked A. From this Brest-work inwards into the Camp must bee a space left sixty or eighty Paces broad if the conveniency of the ground will give way for the Souldiers to draw into Battalia or to Parado in marked O. In the next place marked B. every Captain and Colonell are to have their Hutes or Tents stand in an even Line viz. every Colonell before the head of his own Company being quartered upon the right hand of his Regiment and each Captain successively according to their antiquities In the next place there is a space eight paces broad marked with the letter C. this is for the chief street and runs in an even line from one side of the Quarter to the other From this chief street downwards towards the Rear of the Quarters are the inferiour Officers and Souldiers to be quartered as at the letter D. and in this are divers things to bee considered as first the street which goes down between the Hutes ought to bee ten foot broad and four hundred foot deep in regard each Hute is to bee eight foot square and in every Hute two Souldiers are to bee lodged so that upon each side of the way there is to bee fiftie Hutes built which are to hold an hundred Souldiers upon a side At the top of the street upon the right hand is the Lieutenants Cabbin who is to bee allowed twelve foot and upon the left hand is the Ensignes Cabbin of the same bignesse the Serjeants are to have upon each side their Cabbins in the Rear of the Quarters thus a Company of two hundred are conveniently quartered In the Reare of these Hutes is another street or space of ground which runneth from one side of the Quarters to the other marked E. being six paces wide upon the foremost side of which are the Sutlers Butchers and Shop-keepers behind these is a wast place next the water for the off all filth and draffe to be conveyed away as you may perceive at G. The space or distance of ground which is betwixt Regiment and Regiment ought to be twenty or thirty foot broad as you may see at H. The Generall ought to have his Tents in the midst of all the Quarters and the Colonells according to their dignity upon each hand of his Pavilions The Passages into the Campare to bee plac'd in the most convenient places and strong Ports made to open and shut at pleasure as you may perceive at I. Also if need requires there may bee posterne passages made in divers places of the Brest-work for single persons to goe in and out with a turne-pike to secure it as at K. The Ordnance is to bee plac'd in a halfe Moon made next the water-side in the most convenient place of the Camp the residue may bee plac'd either upon the Brest-work or else before the halfe-Moon as at L. View the figure following and at M. is the Bridge for the Army to passe over the River The other manner of fortifying a Camp is now to be discourst of The Lord high Marshall having made choice of a place convenient being attended by the Quarter-Master Generall and the inferiour Quarter-Masters about the midst of the ground where you intend to incamp set up the Generalls Standard and about the same stake out a square place of ground for the Generalls Pavilion fourty paces square directly from this towards the North runneth one main street fourty paces broad which divides the Horse-Camp from the Foot-Camp and on either side of the Generalls Tents runneth two other crosse wayes thirty paces in breadth which divide the armed Souldiers from the Pioners and Waggons these two wayes embrace two long squares of ground fourty paces broad and five hundred and fifty paces long apeece these may either of them bee divided into five Lodgings of an hundred paces in length and fourty in breadth leaving between them certain passages of ten paces in breadth so that the Souldiers upon every sudden alarme may the more readily repair to the place of Assembly One of the Lodgings next the Generalls Tent is appointed for the high Marshall and his retinue and the other on the other side for the Treasurer the rest may be assigned at the Marshals discretion to the other Officers of the field and for such Noblemen and Gentlemen Voluntires as follow the Warres at their own charge In the North-east Quarter of the Camp are the Horse-men lodged in the Northwest the Foot-men either of these Camps are divided into three parts by streets running East and West these streets are twenty paces in breadth and five hundred and eighty paces long in every of these three spaces of the Foot-Camp are lodged a Regiment of 10000. men and in the Hors-Camp the middlemost of them shall serve for 1500. Lances or Curassiers with their Beedets the North space for the Harquebuziers on the other side of this street are the Lodgings assigned for the Colonels of every Regiment and their Officers every space being thirty paces broad and one hundred and seaventy long By these Characters following you may understand the description of this Camp the better as in the figure following A. stands for the Captaines of the Harquebuziers B. for the Captaine of the Lances or Curassiers and C. for the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Likewise D E F. is the place for the Leaders of three principall Regiments of Foot-men the which are to be distingūished by their antiquities or by the usuall name of Vantguard Battell and Rear-ward the Vantguard lies next to the Generalls Tent and answers to the Harquebuziers the Battell answers to the Curassiers and the Rear-ward to the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Every of these principall Regiments you may if you please divide againe into five smaller Regiments by streets of ten paces broad running North and South So have you fifteen lesse Regiments in the Foot-Camp and five apeece in every of the Horse-Camps and every of these Regiments are one hundred paces broad and one hundred and seventy paces in length and shall contain every of
but by no meanes whilst there is any service to be done against the enemy 128. If any Souldier or Native subject desires to bee discharged from the warres he shall give notice thereof unto the Muster-masters who if they finde him to bee sicke or maimed or that hee served twenty yeeres in our warres or hath beene ten severall times before the enemy and can bring good witnesse thereof he shall be discharged 129. If any Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot does give any Passe otherwise than is before mentioned he shall be punished as for other Fellonies and he who hath obtained the same Passe shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon bread and water 130. No Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall give leave to his Souldiers to goe home out of the Field without leave of our Generall or chiefe Commander whosoever does the contrary shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon Bread and Water 131. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall presume to goe out of any Leaguer or place of Strength to demand his pay without leave of the Generall or Governour who so doth shall be cashired from his place and put out of the quarters 132. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall hold backe any of his souldiers meanes from him of which if any complaine the Captaine shall answer it before the Court where being found guilty he shall be punisht as for other Felony also if any mischance ensue thereupon as that the Souldiers mutine be sicke or endure hunger or give up any Strength then shall he answer for all those inconveniences that hereupon can or may ensue 133. If any Captaine lends money unto his souldiers which he desires should be paid againe that must be done in the presence of the Muster-masters that our service be no way hindred or neglected 134. If upon necessity the case sometimes so falls out in the Leaguer that pay bee not alwayes made at the due time mentioned in the Commissions yet shall every man in the meane time be willing to further our service seeing they have victualls sufficient for the present and that they shall so soone as may bee receive the rest of their meanes as is mentioned in their Commission 135. Very requisite it is that good justice be holden amongst our Souldiers as well as amongst other our Subjects 136. For the same reason was a King ordained by God to be the Soveraigne Judge in the field as well as at home 137. Now therefore in respect of many occasions which may fall out his single judgement alone may be too weak to discerne every particular circumstance therefore it is requisite that in the Leaguer as well as otherwhere there be some Court of Justice erected for the deciding of all controversies and to be carefull in like manner that our Articles of warre be of all persons observed and obeyed so farre forth as is possible 138. We ordaine therefore that there be two Courts in our Leaguer a high Court and a lower Court 139. The lower Court shall be amongst the Regiments both of Horse and Foot whereof every Regiment shall have one among themselves 140. In the Horse-Regiments the Colonell shall be President and in his absence the Captaine of our owne Life-guards with them are three Captains to be joyned three Lieutenants three Cornets and three Quarter-masters that so together with the President they may be to the number of thirteene at the least 141. In a Regiment of Foot the Colonell also shall be President and his Lieutenant Colonell in his absence with them are two Captains to be joyned two Lieutenants two Ensignes foure Serjeants and two Quarter-masters that together with the President they may be thirteene in number also 142. In our highest Marshall Court shall our Generall be PresideÌ„t in his absence our Field-Marshall when our Generall is present his asseciats shall be our Field-Marshall first next him our Generall of the Ordnance Serjeant-Major-Generall Generall of the Horse Quarter-Master-Generall next to them shall sit our Muster-Masters and all our Colonells and in their absence their Lieutenant-Colonells and these shall sit together when there is any matter of great importance in controversie 143. Whensoever this highest Court is to be holden they shall observe this order our great Generall as President shall sit alone at the head of the Table on his right hand our Field-Marshall on his left hand the Generall of the Ordnance on the right hand next our Serjeant-Major-Generall on the left hand againe the Generall of the Horse and then the Quarter-Master-Generall on one hand and the Muster-Master-Generall on the other after them shall every Colonell sit according to his place as here followes first the Colonell of our Life-Regiment or of the Guards of our owne person then every Colonell according to their places of antiquity If there happen to be any great men in the Army of our subjects that be of good understanding they shall cause them to sit next these Officers after these shall sit all the Colonells of strange Nations every one according to his antiquity of service 144. All these Judges both of higher and lower Courts shall under the blue Skies thus sweare before Almighty God that they will inviolably keep this following oath unto us I. R. W. doe here promise before God upon his holy Gospell that I both will shall Judge uprightly in all things according to the Lawes of God of our Nation and these Articles of Warre so farre forth as it pleaseth Almighty God to give me understandâ—ng neither will I for favour nor for hatred for good will feare ill will anger or any gift or bribe whatsoever judge wrongfully but judge him free that ought to be free and doom him guilty that I finde guilty as the Lord of Heaven and Earth shall help my soule and body at the last day I shall hold this oath truly 145. The Judges of our highest Court shall take this their oath in the first Leaguer where our Campe shall be pitched our Generall and the rest appointed to set with him shall repaire to the place where we shall appoint before his Tent or other where where an Officer appointed by us shall first take his oath and then the others oathes also 146. When the President of our lower Courts shall heare this foresaid oath read before them then shall they hold up their hands and sweare to keep it in like manner so often as any Court is to be holden in any Regiment the aforesaid oath shall be read before all them that sit in judgement with him who shall also hold up their hands and promise to keepe the oath aforesaid 147. In our highest Court there shall be one sworne Secretary appointed who shall make a diligent record of all the proceedings that shall fall out either in any pitcht Battell Skirmish Leaguer or any other peece of service whatsoever he
Persians and the Warres thereof THis of the Medes and Persians was a very strong Kingdome also though inferiour to the former Vnder whose Dominion there were no lesse then 127. Provinces whose confines reached from India to Ethiopia Yet was not this Kingdome for all the greatnesse without Warre and trouble Cyrus himselfe raysing an Armie in Persia assailed his Grandfather in Media and overthrew his Army under the conduct of his Generall Harpagus but the King would not bee discouraged for the losse of one Battell but Armes the second time and leades them himselfe into the Field where hee divides them into two Battells Commanding the hindmost that if they did perceive any of the formost Bands to recoyle they should slay them like enemies and declaring to the formost that unlesse they did carry the victory Non minus fortes etiam post terga inventuros quam a frontibus viros a stratagem that put such hardy courage into his formost Souldiers as that with great resolution they beate backe the Persians formost troops which being perceived of the Women their Mothers and Wives met them flying homewards and earnestly intreated them to returne to battell but they delaying Sublata veste as Iustin sayes obscana corporis ostendunt rogantes in uteros matrem velint refugere With which correction they were so ashamed as that they returned into the Battell more furious then before Et facta impessione quos fugiebant fugere cumpellunt and so Astyages was taken Prisoner and his Crowne set upon his Grand-childes head But for all this Cyrus could not perpetuate his owne and Kingdomes peace for the Cities of the Medes rebelled against him the Babylonians made Warre upon him and to strengthen their party drue into their League Crassus the Potent King of Lydia Cujus opes et divitiae insignes ea tempestate erant so that if he had not beene a Souldier his Kingdome had beene dissolved before it had beene very well setled But through his prudence and valour hee brake through all these difficulties quieted the Rebellion subdued the Babylonians and overcame the Lydian their Auxiliarie who hee used with such Lenity as that thereby hee politickly avoided a most dangerous Warre with the Greekes the most entire friends of Crassus For as Iustin sayes Tantus Crassi amor apud omnes urbes erat re passurus Cyrus grave bellum Greciae fuerit si quid in Crassum Crudelius consuluisset This Cyrus afterwards was slaine and his whole Army roughted by Tomaris Queene of the Massagetes So fickle a thing is Peace and Prosperity in this World seeme it never so firmely to bee setled and grounded After the decease of Cyrus or rather before for when Cyrus was gone against the Messagetes Cambyces in his Fathers absence was declared King But for his cruelty Almighty God cut him short by a grievous wound in his thigh made by the falling of his owne sword out of the scabbard as hee was mounting on Horsebacke Hee was no sooner dead but one of the Magi by name Comaris or as others say Praxaspis thinking to transferre the Scepter into his owne Line sets up his owne Brother Oropastes under the name of Smerdis the deceased Kings Brother which hee himselfe by the Kings Commandement had formerly slaine Erat enim oris et corporis liniamentis persimilis But this cozenage was quickly found out by the policie of Othanes one of the Nobilitie for this mocking wanted eares which Smerdis the Kings Brother and Heire apparent to the Crowne did not had he beene alive upon this discovery A conspiracy is made by Seven of the Nobilitie and the Kingdome delivered from the slavery of the Imposture hee and his Abettors being slaine In whose stead Darius Sonne of Histaspis surnamed Artaxerxes was saluted King upon occasion of the neighing of his Horse For so it was determined that those of the Nobility who had freed their Country from servitude meeting in the Suburbs next morning on Horsebacke hee whose Horse first neighed should bee saluted King and this they did to avoyd contention amongst them which otherwise were equall This Darius as some thinke was that great King Ahaâ—uerus who put away his Wife Vasti by Herodotus called Attasha Daughter to King Cyrus and married Ester or Aristona as Herodotus calleth her kinswoman of Mordecai the 〈◊〉 This mighty Prince whose strength and power is described largely in the booke of Hester could not live without Warre and trouble The Babylonians rebelled against him and had hee not had a Zophirus to gaine his Master Babylon lost his owne Nose and Fares which occasioned the King on a time having a Pomgranet in his hand to say Se non optare majorem Thesaurum ullum quam ut tot haberet Zopyrus quot grava sint illius pomi This Darius sought to incorporate Macedonia the next bordering Kingdome with his owne Territories and the rather because hee heard that there were most rich veines of mettall And for this purpose sent Messengers to Amintus of Macedon who required Vt terram et aquam traderet Dario. Amintus fearing the Persian power answered mildely and invited the Ambassadours to a Banquet during which they behaved themselves laciviously towards the noble Ladies that were placed betweene them at the Table for their greater honour Which thing moved both Amintus the old King and Alexander his young Sonne to anger Whereupon Amintus at his Sonnes intreaty departeth as it were to take some rest But young Alexander first for a while fained mirth and afterwards craves leave for the Ladies absence for some little time promising their speedy returne But being dismissed hee commanded so many Noble young Men to put on the Ladies garments and secretly to carry poynards underneath them with this charge that when the Persians began to toy they with their weapons should stabbe them which charge afterwards was performed to purpose Et lasciviae ac potulantiae poenas legati justus dederunt After this the Iones by the perswasion of one Istiaeus fell from him and with the helpe of the Athenians they burnt the City Sardis But they being overcome in a Sea Battell and the Sedition pacified with some difficulty hee turneth about and turns all his fury against the Athenians their assistants being further urged hereunto by Hippias Sonne of Pisistratus the Tyrant whom the Athenians had banished Whereupon Darius sent against the Athenians a very great Army under the leading of the sayd Hippias Against them marcheth Miltiades the Athenian Generall by whose prudent Conduct and the Souldiers valour they were routed in the Field of Marathon and leaving behind them Two hundred thousand of there men with great astonishment they fled to their Ships where the proper valour of one Cynaegirus an Athenian Souldier appeared for hee not wearied with innumerable slaughter in the Battell layes hold with his right hand on one of the flying Ships and would not let her goe till both were dismembred from his valiant
for more ayde of men and victuals into Sicily which were sent him but divers of his Ships miscarried and fell into the enemies hands in one of which was a Centurion with some old soldiers and some newly taken up all of them were brought before the Generall Scipio and to them thus he addressed his speech I know and am assured Soldiers that it is not of your owne accord that thus wickedly you pursue and prosecute good men your fellow-Citizens but rather that you are forced thereunto by the command of that wicked Emperour of yours since therefore fortune hath brought you within our power if you will as your duty bindes you with other good men labour to defend the Common-weale you know that we will not onely spare your lives but also take you into our protection and pay wherefore answer us what you are minded to doe To this the Centurion of the 14. Legion having liberty to speake answers For thy great good will noble Scipio I give thee hearty thanks and happily I should make use of thy proffered curtesie if too great a wickednesse were not coupled therewith wherefore know you that I will never beare armes against Caesar my Emperour from whom I have received my order and for whose dignity and honour I have fought more than 36. yeares moreover I would counsell you noble Scipio to desist from thy enterprise for if hitherto thou hast had no experience of him against whom thou dost contend yet now at last take him into consideration chuse among all thy souldiers one whole Cohort which thou thinkest to be most strong and valiantest and I will take but ten of these my fellow-souldiers which now are within thy power and by our valour you shall understand what trust and confidence thou canst have in thine owne Troopes Scipio was so inraged with this answer that he slew the Centurion and all the old souldiers immediately After this Caesar at Thapsus fought with Scipio and King Juba and overthrew them both in one day at which Battell one strange thing happened the Trumpets sounded a charge through the souldiers forwardnesse without the command of the Generall The overthrow began at Juba whose Elephants not throughly manned to fight being but lately drawne out of the woods at the suddain shrilnesse disranked their friends Army and presently all fled After this overthrow Scipio and Cato slew themselves and Juba and Petreius after they had feasted themselves at a banquet slew one the other this was the direfull end of those brave Romans and of this African warre But out of the embers of this warre sprang another in Spaine more dangerous than the former wherein Cneius and Sextus the two sonnes of great Pompey were the Generals They having gathered great forces amongst their friends in Spaine reduced the greatest part of that Country under their obeysance against them Caesar goes with his choisest Legions Sed nusquam atrocïus nec tam ancipiti marte concursum est Their last and chiefest Battell was at Munda wherein Cneius Pompeius fought with such resolution as that Caesars squadrons began to give ground and were ready to forsake the field what danger Caesar was then in any man may know by his demand Lucius Florus saith he was seene before the Army sadder than he used to be yea it is reported that in that perturbation he consulted what he should doe with himselfe if the worst befell and that his countenance was as one that meant to make his owne hands his owne executioner He was heard say some to have uttered these words to his old souldiers If ye be not ashamed leave me and deliver me into the hands of these boyes In good time did Pompey's Lieutenant send Caesar five Cohorts of horse crosse the Battell to guard that which was in some danger Caesar takes hold of this advantage and makes his souldiers beleeve they fled and chargeth upon them as open flyers and did thereby both put fresh courage into his owne souldiers and also daunt his enemies for Caesars men followed on boldly thinking themselves to have the upper hand and the Pompeyans supposing their fellowes to run away fell themselves to running what slaughter then was made amongst them may be conjectured by this Caesar made a Rampire about Munda by pyling up bodies dragged together from all about and fastened together with speares and javelins Caesar himselfe esteemed so much of this Battell as that he used to say many times In other Battels he fought for victory and honour but at Munda he fought for his life Cncius Pompeius after his defeat fled but was overtaken and slaine but Sextus the younger brother was reserved for another warre Caesar now being victor returned to Rome where he makes himselfe perpetuus Dictator and had titles of honour given him by the State as Imperator and Pater patriae now his accepting of these titles and some other signes of ambition drew upon him both the envie of the people and of some great Lords Hereupon his death was conspired by 70. of the principle men of Rome his friends misdoubting somewhat advised that he should ever have a guard about him but he rejected their counsell saying Mori satius est semel quam timore semper torqueri Neglecting this counsell he was slaine by the Conspirators in the Senate-house and fell at the foot of the Base where Pompey's Image stood Sic ille qui terorem orbem civili sanguine implenerat tandem ipse sanguine suo curiam implevit Caesar being slaine new troubles arise about his death the people which desired it before it was effected yet after hated the doers Anthony and Lepidus instigated them against the melefactors so that for their safeguard they were glad to flye out of the Citie their houses being first burnt with brands which the people raked out of Caesars funerall fire Caesars old souldiers also had a minde to be revenged of these Conspirators had they but had one to lead them on to take it Wherefore after that Octavianus Caesar Anthony and Lepidus were agreed upon the Triumvirate they called these old blades of Caesars together and with them Anthony and Octavianus marched into the East against Brutus and Cassius the chiefe of the Conspirators and fought with them twice in the field of Philippos a Citie in Macedonia In the first Battell the right wing which was led by Anthony overthrew the left wing of the other Armie led by Cassius but the right wing of the other Armie led by Brutus did as much for the left wing of his Armie led by Octavianus Augustus being overthrowne secured himselfe in Anthonies Campe but Cassius contrariwise not knowing how it fared with his companion caused one Pindarus a slave that he had maintained and manumitted to cut off his head Brutus the next day gathered up the scattered troopes but was loth to hazard battell any more for two reasons first because he knew his enemies were pinched with want
in the hidden qualities of the Magnes-stone Have recorded how two friends may discourse upon any subject although they be a thousand miles distant the manner to performe it is thus Take two peeces of round Bords being smothed about the bignesse of the top of an houre-glasse upon these must be glewed a peece of cleane paper which being done a Circumference must be drawne on eyther of them and the Letters of the Crosse-row being set downe distinctly a pretty distance a sunder round the said Circumference of each of them Then after the manner of a Sunne-diall there must be a Steele-needle plac'd in either of them of one length and weight these Needles must be toucht with the Magnes-stone both at one instant your Friend is to have one of these instruments the other to remaine with your selfe the just time of the day being appointed when the discourse should begin you must with your finger direct the Needle to such Letters one sensibly after another for the making up a word then pauze so long as you thinke he may well write it downe then removing the Needle againe to those Letters which doe spell such words as your minde may be understood and as you remove your Needle so voluntarily will your Friends Needle point at the same Letters whereby you may discourse what you please Viginerius in his Annotations upon Titus Livius 1316. Columne of his first Volume doth report that a Letter may bee read through a Stone-wall three foot thicke by this onely device Harpagus writeth to Cyrus concerning the treason of King Astyages having cunningly unbowelled a Hare put his Letter therein and after hee had ingenuously sowed it up againe delivered it with the Nets to one of his Hunts-men the faithfullest of all his houshold and he carried it to King Cyrus Frontinus Lib. 3. Chap. 13. Many saith he being desirous in actions of Warre to send their Letters missives secretly whereby their friends may know their mindes and yet to avoid all meanes of discovery have written within the Scabbards of their swords and sent them as acceptable presents Machiâ—vel in his Art of Warre makes mention how a Captaine in a besieged Towne may cause his friends to understand his mind the manner of acting it is thus He that desires to relate his minde must write his whole scope downe in paper first and holding it in one of his hands and a Torch or two Torches in the other hand Likewise taking the advantage of a high Steeple or Towre and the opportunity of a darke night whereby the Lights may be further seene by his friend that should observe the same wherefore having Inke Pen and Paper ready and for the better understanding how it should be performed take notice of the Letters of the Crosse-row how they are placed that you may discerne how the Lights shall describe every severall Letter for the making up a word A B C D E F G H I K L This part of the Crosse-row with one light 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 M N O P Q R S T V W This part of the Crosse-row with two lights 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Now observe that all the Letters of the first Division of the Crosse-row are to be demonstrated with one light As for example If you would Copie downe the Letter A you must hold up one Light but once if you desire he should copie downe B you must shew one light twice likewise C one light is to be shewne thrice and so of the rest as the Figures underneath the Letters will guide you The second part of the Crosse-row beginning at M is to be demonstrated with two lights once N with two hights twise O with two lights thrise and so of the rest as the figure underneath each Letter shewes how many times you must hold up your Light to demonstrate such a Letter Suppose I would have my friend Copie downe the word Man M being the first Letter of the second part of the Crosse-row must be signified with two lights shewed once then obscuring the lights untill you thinke he hath copied it downe next you must shew one light once which signifies A then obscuring the Light as before you must next shew two lights twice which signifies N being the second Letter of the second part of the Crosse-row the word being finished you must obscure the Light twice as long as you did it for a Letter otherwise a Letter cannot be distinguisht from a Word nor a Word from a Letter by this you see the word Man signified by the helpe of the Light and by this device your friend may understand your minde being a mile off If you desire to let your Friend understand your secrets so that they should not be discovered take a whole sheet of Paper and with Pen and Inke write upon one side some formall Letter of discourse farre from the matter you intended to participate in secret to your Friend which being finisht turne the Leafe over and with the juyce of an Onion or Leman write your secrets betweene the Lines written with inke your Friend knowing the secret of it will reade it against the fire-light or putting it into water Demoratus desiring to make knowne to the Lacedemonians how King Xerxes was armed and prepared for his journey against Greece did write the counsell of the King in small Tablets of wood which he covered over with waxe and in that manner sent them to the Lacedemonians they taking off the waxe read all the Contents thereon written â—ontius likewise reports that Pachorus sent Letters in a Nosegay of Violets to his beloved Lucretia likewise he wrapt letters in Balles of waxe and threw them in at his Mistresses Window One of the surest wayes to write a Letter which is not possible to be read but by him that is to receive it and knowes the device is in this kinde to be performed First you must have two flat Rulers three or foure inches broad and halfe a foot long they must be both of a breadth to a haires breadth then take a sheet of cleane Paper and cut it out into narrow peeces like your smallest Tape then with mouth-glew fasten the ends together and winde it even about the Rule giving the end you begin to write at a privie marke then write your secrets upon the Paper eyther in Letters or Characters which being unwound from the Rule can never be possibly brought together to be read unlesse it bee wound about your Friends Rule whereby he may understand your minde There is a most excellent way to write so as it is impossible to bee understood which is performed after this manner Take two halfe sheets of Paper and Rule them one upon the other so as the Lines may be of equall distance then take your Pen-knife and just upon the Lines cut through both the
comfort of Age and Wit the grace of Strength and Vertue the guide of Wit in all Souldiers they are not to be allowed of eyther young or old for Streâ—gth without Wit is dangerous Wit without Vertue hurtfull and pernicious so likewise Age without Strength is but tedious Therefore Commanders ought to be of a prime judgement in making choise of such Souldiers as are likely to prove serviceable And in regard our Weapons are of a divers Nature as Pike and Musquet it is to be observed that Nature hath framed men fit in stature and qualities to use them The tallest and ablest men ought to be trained up to manage the Pike the men of meaner stature are to serve in Musquets and to inable them the better every man from his youth should exercise themselves in manlike actions which might make them hardy setling their joynts and breeding strength so that in a short time their Armour and Weapons would seem very easie and light Likewise Souldiers must be very carefull to observe their Rankes and Files and especially in time of Battell taking notice that upon all occasions they must make their Leaders place good if he should chance to be slaine before him for if the Front of the Battell be not kept compleat the enâ—my will soone ruine it The consideration of which caused Manlius Torqâ—â—tus for example to pâ—steritie to put his Sonne to death because contrary to command he observed not his Rankes Likewise no Officer nor Souldier ought to goe beyond his Commission although a Conquest might ensue the reason is because none may trench upon the jurisdiction of Authority and also in regard for the most part a thousand times more mischiefe may ensue than good possibly can which made Posthumu◠〈◊〉 use martiall Law against his Sonne Aulus Posthumus at his returne from his conquered Enemy If an Army be so fortunate as to gaine a Conquest so many as are appointed for the execution of the victory must be diligent in the execution and not to fall to pillaging whereby the Enemy may take an opportunity to rally his broken forces and overthrow you It were very good for Souldiers to practice all kinde of Weapons and to bee singuler in the use of them Likewise Souldiers must be very perfect in the divers beates of the Drumme they ought to be very expert in swimming by reason many exploits are to be atchieved by it and the lives of many Souldiers sav'd by it They should use themselves to carry heavie burthens that they may bee the fitter to carry provision in a March and to carry earth up the Trenches without wearisomnesse for a Souldier must looke to be exposed to all manner of toyle upon occasions of necessity In consideration whereof the worthy Commanders of ancient times 〈◊〉 choise of Country labouring fellowes to be their Souldiers because they could indure paines and hardinesse rather than out of Cities and Townes for such are fittest to be Horsemen Souldiers are further to take notice that in Garrison or in a setled Campe their duty is upon all occasions not making any delay at the sound of the Drumme to repaire to his Colours with his compleate Armes be it to answer an Alarum or to releeve the Watch where no Souldier of what birth or degree soever should not take it in scorne or hold it a disgrace to stand Sentinell untill such time as hee understands himselfe better and then being a Gentleman of a Company he must not refuse to be instructed and taught by the meanest Officer it must bee farre from any Souldier to disobey any of his Officers precepts and especially such as are given in charge by the higher Authority neyther to contemne or slight the Martiall lawes lost death be his reward Souldiers must be very wary how they undervalue their Officers especially their Generall or how they speake invectively or reproachfully of any service or designe that hath not taken effect Souldiers must rather choose death then cowardly to runne from their colouâ—s neither must they have any converse with the enemy either by speech sending or receiving of Letters were it from his dearest Friend without the Generalls Lycence A domesticke Traytour is a Monster amongst enemies and let such a one know that never any prospered For as Queene Elizabeth once said in the like case that shee would make use of the treason but never trust the Traytour Now lastly we must take notice of each Souldiers particular duty both in Garrison and in field as the next Chapter shall declare CHAP. LVI The duties both of Officers and Souldiers in Garrison EVery Fort or Garrison hath a Governour a Major and a Captaine of the Watch these are the principallest in authority Next there are divers other Captaines and Officers both of horse and foot with their Companies to each belonging of the duties of each I will discourse briefly of and I thought it fitting to place this discourse here rather then in the end of the tract of Fortification The duty of a Governour is to be vigilant and carefull that all Officers and Souldiers under his jurisdiction doe punctually performe their duties and where default is according as the offence is to punish he is to have daily intelligence of the enemies proceedings which he must procure either by sending out partyes of Foot or certaine Horse or else by the Countrey people hee is to see all the Workes and Fortifications about the Towne preserved and kept and what defences else hee in his wisdome shall thinke necessary to be raised the Garrison must indeavour to doe it what out-Watches either of Horse or Foot he sees sit to be placed upon places convenient for the prevention of the enemies secret approaches he must command it and his Major must see it executed he is the chiefe judge in place of judicature only assisted by the chiefe Officers who have each of them a voyce and the Governours stands for two by which meanes a Malefactour is according to his demerit punished or freed according as most voyces shall agree upon by his authority hee may commit the chiefest Officer for any misdemenour and cause him to be brought to his tryall By his care and wisedome all things are to be managed his Major is his eye mouth and hand His duty is to see the Watches set to see the Gentlemen of the round doe their duty the Sentenells stand at their postures the Ports well guarded hee is to receive no Troopes into the Fort but first hee must goe to them with a sufficient guard of Pikes and Musquets he is to receive the patent from the Captaine of those troopes which if he findes it to be the Princes hand and Seale he is immediatly to acquaint the Governour withall and by his permission to conduct them in if there be divers Companies that Company which first enters the Towne hath the preeminence the rest inccessively in order and so accordingly they are to take their turnes to watch
onely differing in hand The Words of Command which reduceth it are Front halfe-Files face about to the left March forth into your places Halfe Ranks of the right double your left Flank intire to the right This doubling of the left Flank by advancing the right Flank and placing it before the Leaders of the left Flank which is a doubling both of number and place being very usefull for the strengthning of any Flank where it shall seem needfull And if you desire to have your Musketires to double even with the Musketires of the contrary Flank then you must first cause the half Ranks of the right Flank to march forth-right untill the Rear-Rank of the right Flank be advanced about 3 foot before the Front of the left Flank and then cause that Flank so advanced to counter-march their Ranks to the right and then all your Musketires will be together and the Pikes likewise by themselves The manner of performing this motion according to the words of Command in the Margent is as followeth First the left Flank stands and the right Flank marcheth forth-right untill the Rear of the right Flank be advanced before the Front of the left Flank as before is shewed then face them to the left and cause them to march untill the Pikes are even in Rank with the Musketires which perfects the doubling For the Reducement let the halfe Ranks that doubled face about to the left and march untill they are cleer of the left Flank then cause them to face to the right and to march straight down into their places then the Commander being at his first Front faceth them all to him which reduceth them as at first The left Flank may also double the right Flank intire after the former manner only changing the hand the Command for reducement is Halfe Ranks that doubled face about to the Left march forth into your places Half Ranks of the left double your right Flank by division This motion of doubling Flanks by division doth make a strong form of Battell to give fire three severall waies at once The manner of performing it after the word of Command is given as followeth The Rear half-Files of the left Flank face about to the right and then both the Front half-Files and Rear half-Files march forth-right untill they are clear of that part of the body that stands then each division faceth that way which they are to double which the Front half-Files must do to the right and the Rear half-Files to the left so march forth-right untill the doubling be performed For reducement if the Commander stands at the right Flank which is the part that was doubled then the reducement is as followeth the half Ranks that doubled are to face about inwards and march forth-right untill they are clear of the right Flank which stands then the Front half-Files face to the left and the Rear half-Files to the right and then close their division The Commander going to his first Front and facing the whole body to him they are reduc'd as at first If that the right Flank would double the left Flank by division the way is the same only differing in the hand The words of Command to reduce it are Halfe Ranks that doubled Face about inwards March forth into your places Double your Ranks to the right intire This doubling of Ranks intire to the right is a doubling both of number and place and in some sort worketh the same effect as the doubling of half Files doth to the right intire but differeth in regard of the parties which are the doublers and in the distance left after the doubling The motion of this doubling ought to be thus performed After the word of Command is given for the doubling to the right as in the Margent is exprest then every even Rank faceth to the right The right hand man of each Rank becoming the Leader of his Rank likewise leading them forth and in their March of moving forwards a little bending to the left that when the left-hand man of each Rank which are the bringers up of the motion are clear of the standing part of the body by only facing to the Front they may stand even in Rank with the rest of the Company For reducement of this doubling you must observe that the left-hand men are the Leaders of the motion wherefore command the Ranks that doubled to face to the left and march forth-right into their places Or you may command the halfe Ranks of the right to face to the left and double the left Flank this will work the same effect with the former To double Ranks to the left intire is to bee done after the same manner onely observe the difference of the hand This kind of doubling may also be done by division The words of Command used for this reducemeâ—t are Ranks that doubled face to the left march forth into your places Double your Files to the right intire advancing This kind of doubling of Files intire to the right advancing is also a doubling both of number and place for it increaseth the depth to double their former proportion of number as from ten to twenty It also gaineth so much ground the more before the Front as formerly the Battell did contain by transferring the even Files of the body into the ground before the Front of the odd Files But this doubling doth diminish the number of the length of your Battell although it preserves their place The manner of performing this motion of doubling is thus to be done first the word of Command being given as in the Margent is specified the odd Files are to stand beginning your account from the outmost File to the hand named the Musketires and Pikes of the even Files are to advance their Arms and follow their File-Leaders every File-Leader leading his File forth-right before his next File to the right untill the bringers up of the even Files are orderly placed before the Leaders of the odd Files For reducement Let the Files that doubled face about to the left the bringers up of each File leading them forth-right downe the distance or spaces which are on their left hand untill they are come even with the Rear and then stand and face about to their Commander and they will bee in their first forme and station The doubling of Files to the left intire advancing is after the same manner only differing in the hand The words of Command used for this reducement are Files that doubled face about to the left march forth into your places Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer up This kind of doubling of the depth of Files to the right doth sympathize with the former doubling last discourst of both for number and place only it differeth from the other both in the manner of executing and in some sort of the matter executed for whereas the other doubling by advancing of Files did
goe out of the right ring at the second turne for to enter into the left ring and would follow still the right hand as you must doe then you shall lacke a good deals of closing the second turne as you may perceive by this last figure in the right ring where the place is marked that you should goe out of for to enter into the left wing with the letter A. and the place of closing your turne with the letter B. betwixt which two letters is contained the portion of a Circle which will be wanting wherefore of necessity you must goe thrice about to the intent the second turne may be fully ended as for any overplusse it makes no matter To this last ring is also added a middle furrow with two places of stoppings and turnings meete to mannage a horse trotting him there in the length of a good Cariere and having made him stoppe and advance make much of him and stay a good while and untill he hath mended his fault of not turning which way you would have him you must with your bridle hand shorten one Rayne of that side he desires he should turne upon then having a foote man standing against him with a sticke in his hand and as you move your fist to turne your horse on that side he is unwilling to turne upon at that same instant shall strike him upon the nose not leaving him untill he turnes Likewise making use of his voyce to provoke him then being turned and trotted the uppermost ring round you must returne backe in the same furrow againe even hard to the second little ring and there likewise let a man stand as before is shewed to strike him upon the stop and cause him to turne upon the right hand which hand a horse must alwayes first turne upon but if he be harder to turne on the left hand than on the right then begin in first with the left Ring observing the order and directions before exprest Likewise with a Cord fastned to the middle eye of the bit on the side he will not turne upon and tye the other end unto the Sursingle on the same side strayning it pritty hard to make him bow his necke thus chasing him round in the Circle divers times unloosen the cord and hold it in that hand which is next the side he will not turne upon in stead of a false rayne then trot him forth the length of twenty or thirty paces and there stop where one must stand with a rod threatning him and if neede be beating him upon the contrary side to cause him to turne and the rider strayning the cord a little will make him performe it Then trot him backe and cause him to performe the like using the same meanes a fore prescribed CHAP. CV How to manage a Horse for Service foure kindes of wayes IN this next progresse we are to observe foure kindes of managing a Horse to fit him for service First when you make your Horse double his turnes Secondly when you gallop the field making him wave in and out as is used in single skirmish Thirdly when you make him leape a loft fetching divers saltes or curveates but this is not so proper to teach to a horse for service Fourthly when you pace trot and gallop him too and fro in one path the length of twenty or thirty paces turning him at each end thereof either with single turne whole turne or double turne this is termed manage and in this word there is three things observable as first the manage with halfe rest that is to cause your horse at the end of every managing path to stop and then to advance twise together and at the second bound to turne whereby you rest one bound The manage with the whole râ—st is when you turne him at the third bound and so you rest two bounds the managing without rest is when you turne him immediately upon the stop without any tarriance at all which is most in use with us Note when your Horse turneth upon the right Hand turne you your left shoulder towards his left eare keeping your body upright in the Saddle so that the raynes of your backe may directly answere the ridg-bone of the horses backe never the lesse when you feele him to bend his hinder houghs then leane you somewhat backewards for that will make him close his turne the more roundly and swiftly likewise when he turnes on the left hand accompany him with your right shoulder towards his right eare observing as before Your horse being perfect in all points before mentioned you shall ride him into some plaine sandy way voyde of all occasions of stumbling and to acquaint him with the way pace him faire and softly the length of a good Carriere which must be measured out according to the strength and quality of the horse At the end of the Carriere path let your Horse stop and advance and at the second bound turne him faire and softly upon the right hand and so stay a little while then suddenly with a lively voyce crying hay hay put him forwards with both Spurres at once forcing him to runne all the path as swift as possibly may be just up to the end to the intent he may stop on his buttockes this being performed turne him upon the left hand and pace him forth faire and softly unto the other end of the Carriere path and there stop him and turne him againe upon the right hand as you did before and so leave him Note there is no better way to bring a horse to this than by using him to tread the ring with a very swift trot which will make him nimble of his legges and so swift and stayed of head that comming afterwards to be runne it shall bee easie to him to performe this was observed by that famous Rider Cola Pagano who would never runne his horse untill he saw him wel stayed of head and well broken for although a horse may be halfe a yeare in breaking yet in eight dayes he may be taught to runne and stoppe in a most perfect manner Likewise to teach your horse to goe side wayes it being a thing of much consequence in the wars you must performe it thus as namely you desire to have him goe side longs towards the left hand you must beare your bridle even and steady and clap your right legge close to his belly and hold it there still making him feele the spurre on the right side if he moveth his body that way you desire then suddenly pull away your legge from thence and make much of him that being performed make him doe as much with your left legge and leaving to molest him on either side untill he understands your meaning thus with a little exercise so soone as he shall feele you stay your bridle hand and touch him with your legge or spurres on the contrary side he will goe side wayes so much or
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
the other but it must bee more Spirall towards the end or bottome and must have either a large Clocke or Sucker fastened in it also the brim of this must bee larger then that of the uppermost and have two holes made about the middest on each side one bore then two holes in the Table on each side of the brasse one answerable unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse through which holes put the two Rods of the Iron hanged to the Sweepe and rivet them strongly into the holes of the lower brasse place this Engine in water and by moving the Sweepe up and downe it will with great vigor cast the water on high CHAP. CCLXVIII How to make water at the foot of a Mountaine to ascend to the top of it and so to descend on the other side for the furnishing of Garrisons TO this there must be a Pipe of Leade which may come from the Fountaine A to the top of the Mountaine B and so to descend on the other side a little lower than the fountaine as at C then make a hole in the Pipe at the top of the Mountaine B and stoppe the end of the Pipe at A and C and fill this Pipe at B with water and close it very carefully at B that no ayre get in at the hole B then unstop the end at A and at C then will the water runne perpetually up the Hill and descend on the otherside this is of great consequence to furnish Villages CHAP. CCLXIX How to make a Scaling Ladder of Cords which may be carried in a Souldiers Pocket by which a Wall Castle or Towne may be scaled THis Engine is of excellent use in the Warres for the speedy surprising of Townes you must first take two pulleyes A and D unto that of A there must be fastened a strong Hooke or Crampe of iron as B and at D let there be fastened a Staffe of a foot and a halfe long as F then at the pulley A place a hand of Iron as E to which tye a Cord of halfe an inch thicke eyther of silke or pure hempe then strive to make fast the pulley A by the helpe of the Crampe-iron B to the place that you intend to scale and the staffe F being fastened at the pulley D put it betweene your legges as if you would sit upon it then holding the Cord G in your hand you may guide your selfe to the place required CHAP. CCLXX. Of Scaling-Ladders framed of Wood and how they are to be used in the Warres THis Instrument for the scaling of a Wall is to be made of light Wood and about nine or ten foot long scaled like a Ladder the upper end of the sides have Hookes fastned unto them to hang somewhat shelving that the Souldiers may the easier ascend if the Wall be higher then there may be two of these Ladders hooked together some are made with joynts to open longer or shorter as occasion shall be but for the most part the Scaling-Ladders are made according to the height of the Walles that are to bee scaled these are carried by Wagon or by Water and are to be hung upon the Walles or Ports very secretly for feare of discovery View the figure CHAP. CCLXXI. The use of Gabions and Baskets for the defence of the Cannoniers and Musquetiers THese kind of Instruments were invented for the securitie both of the Cannoniers and also of the Musquetiers the manner of framing them is common to all Basket-makers the Gabion or great Basket is some foure foot Diameter and made of course roâ—â—es of Osiers or water Sallowes and foure or five foot high They are to be first placed where they should be used as a Barricado against the great Shot and then they must be filled with good earth well rammed there is many times three or foure set one before the other to bury the shot of the Cannon and likewise one aâ—â—op of another to shelter both the Men and Artillery The same small Baskets are likewise made of rods and two foot or two foot and a halfe Diameter and about the same height these are to be filled with good earth and to bee placed upon the Partapets and â—rest workes one close by another for the Musquetiers to discharge betweene them and to shelter them from the Enemies Bullets these are likewise many times set double there must be a care no stones be amongst the earth if Baskets should be wanting then there must be Sacks filled as before is shewed View the Figures CHAP. CCLXXII The use of Cru-wagons and small Carts with the fashion of them THese Instruments were invented to convey Earth out of Moats and to carry it upon workes those Wheele-barrowes that are to be driven up by the strength of one man are made very small and light they are used chiefly in the foundation of a worke before it growes too steepe for the Horse to clyme up there are shelving places left for the Wagons to bee drivven up and Bordes layd to keepe the wheeles from sinking into the eath The Figure followes CHAP. CCLXXIII The use of the Powder-pots in a pitcht Battell to mischiefe and breake the Enemies Rankes with the Description of the forme of them THese Engines are of use to discomfit an Enemy in a pitcht Battell the manner of framing them is according to this following Description there must bee 〈…〉 prepared either of Earth or of timed Lattin the Mouths of them are to be foure inches Diameter and the height of them sixe on either side of these is a hollow quill formed of Earth or sodred of Lattin about the bignesse of a Tobacco-pipe these are to goe from the toppe of these Pottes just to the bottome to convey the the traine of Powder to the Touch-hole at the bottome Vpon the toppe of this Quill is a round knob to bee plac'd hollow about the bignesse of the halfe shell of a Walnut this is to put the end of a Reed or pipe made of Tinne to convey the traines of Powder from one Pot to the other Further a certaine number of these Pots are to have upon all foure sides Pipes as before is shewed these are to be placed both at each end of the Stratagem and in two or three places in the middest from these the fire is immediatly to be given that the fire may more speedily be spread to every ranke of these Pots and indeed if they were all made after this manner to convey fire from all foure parts it would bee more speedier and better onely the traines would bee a little the more trouble to lay from one to the other These Pots are to be set sixe foot asunder every way square or further as occasion shall offer These Pots being filled halfe full of Powder there is a peece of thinne Borde to bee fitted to the diameter of the Pot and put downe close to the Powder upon this Borde are Pible-stones to be placed to fill up the
rest of the Pot and then to bee covered to keepe them in In the next place there are divers Wimbles to be made of a just bignesse to the Pottes these are to bore the holes in the earth to place the Pots in note the holes are to bee bored somewhat aslent that the stones may flie side-wayes to disorder the Rankes if it be swardy ground then only the top of the sward is to be laid to cover the Pots and the residue of the earth is to be cast quite away towards your owne Troopes to avoide suspition then there are Regals cut from pot to pot to lay the Pipes which are to convey the traines of Powder these are also to be covered as the former there may be also long traines made both from the two ends and also from some other places about the middest these traines are to bee likewise conveyed in Pipes tenne or twenty rodde towards your owne Bataliaes and when the Enemy is marcht full upon them then those appointed to attend these traynes are to give fire unto them Note if the earth should bee wet then the Pots and Pipes that convay the Traines must bee closed with Pitch or Yallow to prevent the moystning of the Powder View the Figure following of all the parts of the Stratagem which happily may cause you better to understand it CCLXXIV How to make Torches and Candles to burne in any weather being a thing most necessary in the warres THese kinde of Torches are invented to keepe fire either in windie or raynie weather they are made of this composition following Sulphur Salt-peeter Rosin Calxvine quick Peal Lin-seed Oyle and common Lamp-oyle Pitch Tarre Camfire Waxe Tutia Arsnicke Quick-silver and Aqua-vitae of this composition may bee Torches Candles or Balls of Wild-fire made that will burne in the water without extinguishing CHAP. CCLXXV How to arme Pikes with Wild-fire and Pistols for to with-stand a Breach and defend it against the Enemie THis kind of arming of Pikes at the Speares end with Wild-fire was invented for the defence of a Breach Port or Bridge and it hath beene approved that an Enemy hath beene more feared with it then with any other kinde of weapon the manner of framing these Weapons is after this fashion First there must be Powder bruised eight parts Peeter in Roch one part Peeter in Meale one part Sulphur in Meale two parts Rosin-Roch three parts Turpentine one part Lin-seed Oyle one part Verdigrease halfe a part Bole-Armoniack 1 3 part these ingredients must bee put in a Bagge made of strong Canvas which first must be put upon the Pikes end and the lower end of it being tyed fast to the Pike and the Bagge filled up with this Composition the other end thereof must also bee fast tyed to the end of the Speare the whole Bagge must be soundly woulded with a small Cord this being done then there must bee 〈◊〉 in a Pan Pitch foure parts Lin-seed Oyle one part Turpentine one part Tarre 1 3 part Tallow one part these being mixt together must be daubed all over the Canvas a good thicknes then being cold two holes must be bored into the Bagge two inches deepe with a sharp square Iron filling the same with fine bruised Powder to this may be made fast divers Pistoll-Barrels charged with Bullets this instrument will performe excellent service in a throng of people View the figure CHAP. CCLXXVI A Device to make a Musquet shâ—ot with the same quantity of Powder halfe as farre againe as her usuall Shot is THis Invention the King of Sweden did make tryall of and it is a thing highly to be prized in the Warres for many times it happens that the wings of Shot in a pitch'd Battell are drawn out to skirmish with an Enemie before they be within the true distance of the Musquets commanding Shot or being discharged by the Enemie out of some Fort many times when they are out of distance whereby much Powder and shot is spent to no purpose now to remedie this there is an approved device which will cause a Musquet or Canon to shoot halfe as farre againe with the same quantity of Powder and this is effected by taking of white Case-pepper of the soundest Cornes and steepe them 24 houres in the strongest Aqua-vitae then being taken out and dryed in the Sunne so that they may not danke the Powder then charging the Peece with the usuall charge of Powder you must take so many of these pepper Cornes as will cover the circumference of the Bore and being put downe close with the sticke to the Powder then putting next to the Pepper the Bullet this being tryed at any marke it shall be sensibly found to convey the Bullet with such a violence farre beyond the accustomed shooting and being charged without this ingredient the Bullet shall not come little more then halfe the way CHAP. CCLXXVII Of the Bow-Pike and how it is best to be used in the Warres THis Invention of joyning a Bowe to the Pike may bee of excellent use in the Warres to impale the Flankes of an Army for when the Horse shall charge eyther in Flanke or Reare those Arrowes will gaule them they are very good to be drawne out to safegard some small troopes of shot that shall bee sent out to discharge upon the Horse but for the placing of these in the Front of the maine Battalia's I hold it not so good unlesse it be onely the two first rankes for it will bee very troublesome when the Troopes snall joyne at push of Pike besides the Pikes heads will soone out their Bow-strings in sunder and make them of no validitie and questionlesse in the time of stormie wet weather these Bowes would doe great service when the Musquet cannot be discharged for wet but were it so that a Pike were made of such an indifferent bignesse towards the But end that there might be disposed in it three Petronell Barrels made of a very light substance as there is a new Invention found out in that kinde there is a light locke to be plac'd a yard from the But end this shall at once pulling up strike fire twice having a double pan and that part of the Pike the Petronell is plac'd in is to be turned round so that the Touch-holes of these Barrels may turne to the locke one after another without removing either of hand or foot this would worke some effect against the Enemies Pikes it going with that force that it would enter their Corslets which the force of an Arrow could not performe View the Figures CHAP. CCLXXVIII The Description of an Engine whereby the diversitie of the strength of powder may be truely knowne TO know which are the strongest sortes of Gunpowder according as this Figure demonstrates you must prepare a Boxe as A B beeing foure inches high and two inches wide having a Lid joyned unto it the Boxe ought to be made of Iron Brasse or Copper and to be fastened to a good thicke
in a Company and not to be suffered some to be 200. and some 300. and some 150. which if it must needs bee so and may not bee altered then I could wish all Companies to be only of the extent of 200. and 80. of them to bee Pikemen and 120. Musketires The rowes of lesse squares marked on each side of the figure with the letter B. are the Hutes for the Souldiers to lie in between the Front of which and the Colonels ground you see a large void space or distance which is twenty foot wide marked at each end the use of it is for the drawing up of the Companies or for the Officers to walk in and for the Souldiers to speak with them there this space is marked in the figure with C. Right under the Colonels Hute you see another void space as wide as the Colonels Hute is and as long as all the Quarter of the common Souldiers marked with D. the use of it is for the Officers of the Regiment commonly called the Officers of the Staffe as the Provost-Marshall the Quarter-Masters of the Regiment and the like Of the Quarters of the common Souldiers on either side of this long void space these bee the proportions All the little squares bee Hutes or Cabbins in the longer rowes marked with the letter M. on the first Hutes are the Musketires lodged and in the other rowes marked with P. are the Pikemen lodged one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes makes up one complete Bond or Company of 126. men In the Musketires row are twenty four Hutes and in the Pikemens but eighteen the reason is because the King by his orders commands that every complete Company should have three Corporalships of Musketires foure Files or Rots as the Swedes terme them make a Corporalship of Musketires but of Pikemen three Files or Rots make a Corporalship so that twelve Files of Musketires and nine Files of Pikes viz. twenty one Files firemen in depth in each File is a complete Band of 126. men besides the Officers and Serjeants When his Companies were weak then hee would have but two Corporalships of Musketires and the remainder to be Pikes Each of these Hutes are nine foorsquare viz. three yards every way and whereas one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes belongs to one Company these therefore neerer set together than the row of Pikes belonging to severall Companies are for the Pikes and Musketires of the same Company are parted with a street but six foot wide whereas betwixt the Pikes of severall Companies is a street of eighteen foot wide and betwixt the Musketires of severall Companies a street of twelve foot wide and so you see the severall proportions marked The length of the row of Pikes is but 162. foot as you see it marked betwixt the two first rowes of their Hutes The length of the Musketires row is 216. foot as is marked in the margent the distance of breadth being observed they amount to 360. foot or 72. paces so broad is the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Below all this in the Rear or lower end of the Quarter you have a voyd space 14. foot of ground running all the breadth of the Quarter serving for the freedome of Ayr this is marked with E. Last of all you may behold another lowance of ground marked with the letter F. which is for the Sutlers Chap-men Butchers c. of the Regiment Add now the distances of length together and they come to 300. foot which is the length of the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Now rests the chief point of discipline in the number and order of the placing of the Hutes and the men in them Concerning the number there be three men to be lodged in one Hute as well Pikes as Musketires so that in 24. Hutes of Musketires of one Company there bee 72. men and in the 18. Hutes of Pike-men of one Company there be but 54. men which number added together amounteth to 126. which is a complete Band. These 72. Musketires are again divided into three Corporalships and the 54. Pike-men also into three Corporalships Four Files or Rots of Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pike-men but three Files or Rots to a Corporalship So that 24. Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pikes 18. according to the number of either of their Cabbins Furthermore their order being to march six deep in File therefore in every two Hutes there is one Rot or File lodged which presently know how to put themselves in order Thus hath every Corporall of Musketires eight Hutes to look unto and every Corporall of Pikes six Hutes under him This certainty and disposing of the numbers serveth much for private government this order of quartering they are opinionated is prevalent for the ready resisting of the enemy Whereas you see two rows of Pikes and two rows of Musketires still together with their Cabbin doors inward one to another this is the use of it Suppose the enemy in the night falleth upon the Quarters the Alarme being taken and given by those of the outmost Guards out slips the two rows of Pikes into the street or alley betwixt them and presently marching out betwixt the Captains Hutes they are instantly in a fair order of Battell The Pikes being gone then the two next rows of Musketires joyning together march also out upon both sides of the Pikes where they are ready instantly to flank them Thus one Squadron or halfe-Regiment issuing out upon one side of their Colonels Tent and the other halfe on the other presently they draw themselves in complete Battalia and find their Colonels and Captains in the head of the Quarter ready to conduct them to the Brest-work thus so soon as the Alarm is given in from the outer Guards the Souldiers will bee ready to entertain their assault every man before his own Quarter upon which the enemy falleth before he can possibly march hee never so fast come neer to doe any execution If you desire to heare how in that huddle of darknesse they can possibly find their weapons know that by the order of their standing every man can at first comming most readily clap his hands upon his owne To instance in the Pikes for example The place where they all stand together is upon a thing made after the fashion of a paire of Gallowes at the head of the Quarter the upper overthwart beam is for the Pikes to stay against then there is another beam lower for to hang the Corslets upon and to lean the Muskets against this is to have a defence over it to defend the wet Now when any service or exercise is done abroad hee that lyeth in the Rear of the Quarter by comming in first setteth down his Armes inmost and he that commeth in last leaveth his outmost which when hee again goeth first out hee findeth his formost and when the last man commeth he findeth his own left every man
the other in prowesse The King of Sweden made use of this policie many times and it stood him in gread stead the same did Monsieur de Lautrec against the Emperors Army in the Kingdome of Naples his Army consisting of divers Nations as Italians Switzers French-men Gaescoins Almaignes because none of them should be disparaged hee plac'd them all in on Front for he knew of their great emulation that one Nation desired to be thought more valiant than the other Now it remains to speak of the Cavialry how they ought to be plac'd and in this a great care and circumspection is to be had first in ordering them into convenient Battalia's or proportionable Divisions that they bee neither too big nor too small these are to be ranged upon each Wing of the Foot-troops fifty or sixty paces distant from the Flanks of the Army lest by their unrulinesse and disorderly retraiting they presse upon your own Troops and dis-rank them Many times the Horse-troops are divided into six Battalia's viz. three plac'd upon one Wing and three upon the other the formost Battalia's are to consist of as many more as the second and the third is to be least of all As suppose the number of 4000. Horse the two formost Battels upon each Wing are to consist of 1100. the two second Battels of 500. apeece and the two third and last Battels of 400. in each there ought to be a good distance betwixt each of these Battalia's If your Horse-Troops should be too weak for the enemy you must line their Files with Shot and also have in a readinesse certain extraordinary Pikes to assist the Horse and Shot if they should be overcharged The Horse are to shelter themselves in the Rear of the Foot-Battalia's untill such time as the enemies Ordnance are surprized for the Horse are subject to more danger of the enemies Ordnance than the Foot possibly can be in regard they are lower and a â—annon-shot is subject to mount The Harquebuziers and Carbines many times are imployed to assault the enemy not having so much respect in keeping of their Ranks The Curassires are to bee ordered next the Flank of the Battell for the most part and the Harquebuziers and Carbines outmost of all for the Curassiers ought to stirre as little as possibly may be from the Wings of the Foot-Battalia's for most properly they are to resist and seldome to assaile The best and safest way both for Horse and Foot is to keep their ground untill the enemy be drawn very near unto your Battell and then to receive their charge The Cavalry being ordered as before into three severall Battels viz. the main Battel which is to consist of Carbines the Battel of succour is to consist of Harquebuziers and the Rear-Battell of Curassiers and many times the Troops of the Carbines and Harquebuziers are next in the formost Battel are to do the first execution upon the enemies troops the Curassiers are to finish what they have begun to ruine disorder The Battell of succour is to be in distance behind the main Battel forty or fifty paces and is to have spaces as the Foot hath for the Divisions to retrait into the like must the Rear-Battell have and it is to be ordered in distance twice as far behind the Battell of succour as the Battell of succour is from the main Battell viz. 80. or 100. foot or more or lesse according to the situation of the ground If the enemy should charge your Horses in the Rear in the time of the conflict then the Generall must send the Light-armed Horse to resist them and there must bee alwaies in a readinesse certain Maniples both of Pikes and Shot plac'd in the Rear of the Battel to draw out to assist either the Horse or Foot upon all occasions Lastly It remains to speak of the waies and means to encourage the souldiers and to breed Spirit in them making them undervalue their enemies and to charge them with a boldnesse and this is to be done by some pithy Oration and perswasive Speech which ancient Generals have found by experience to bee of great efficacie to induce them to wonderfull performances The Speech may be according as the Generall shall please or as if he should in the head of his Troops pronounce these words Right valiant Captains and fellow-souldiers I have here ordered you in forme of Battell ready to charge our enemies and doe require of you in the Name of the Lord of Hosts two things especially namely the utmost of your Valours and the truth of your Loves in obedience For what man soever doth not use his best indeavours to subdue his enemies is not only a murtherer of himselfe but of his dear friends and by disobedience may bee the means of the Armies overthrow for which there can be no plea before Gods Tribunal but his just sentence of condemnation besides the in supportable shame and intollerable servitude wee bring our selves that shall survive with our dear friends into which though it may seem as a green wound only to smart at first yet at last the reproach and disgrace will gnaw and fret to the bone Wherefore brave Souldiers let your golden Spirits shine and your steely mettalls hew out a Conquest for the glory of our great God and the honour of our gracious King and beloved Countrey God would have the Israelites fight valiantly as well as Moses to hold up his hands and pray or else no Conquest could be expected wherefore let us performe both that the great God of Hosts may bee propitious unto us according as hee hath promised to them that seek him Wherefore let us be confident of Victory and not seek our ruines by unbeliefe Let us call to mind our Ancestors what noble atchievements their magnanimous Spirits by Gods assistance effected whereby our Nation hath been not only the Mirrour but the â—errour to the world How did they in France at the Battell of Poyteirs with an handfull of men confound the mighty Army that would have swallowed them up The like at Agen court c. And how gracious was God to us in 88. to dissipate and destroy our invincible enemie by his prospering our poor endevours Wherfore now let us not despair of his help but with one joynt consent let us furiously assault our proud enemies that wee may enjoy their riches and eternize our memories to Posterity For my own part I am confident that if wee resist but three of their charges that they shall not dare to adventure the fourth but to their utter ruine Wherefore if there be any man timerous or faint-hearted let him depart weth his brand of infamy to be rewarded by his King and Countrey according to his demerits But let all Heroick Spirits ejaculate their petitions to heaven and say with me Let God arise and his enemies shall bee scattered RULES AND OBSERVATIONS TO BE VSED IN TIME OF FIGHT SECT XX. CHAP. IX Divers Observations
wresty Horse goe forwards How to make a shie horse gentle How to make a horse hardy and bold in the warres By trotting the Ring you may embolden your Horse The Dragoones are the fittest to give the on set because they doe their execution at a further distance The Firelocke is â—â—rest to give fire and not so apt to be out of 〈◊〉 besides they will indure Spâ—nd 24. houres together without â—urting them Description of a Ranke Description of a File Twentie in length That the Troope may move orderly and keepe their distances truely let the whole Troope move all at an instant viz. when the Front moves then the Reare to be ready so shall they bee seldome found to erre In Marching or Trooping through a Towne forget not to have your Peeces spand and holding them in your hand with their mouthes upwards and the butt end resting upon your thigh The Figure of the foure Divisions drawne into Battallia The distinctions of the sounds of Trumpet described The proportion of powder usually required for a true charge of any peece is almost halfe the weight in powder of the bullet Some will not have a Cuirassiere to give fire untill he hath plac't his Pistoll under his enemies armour You may place the Pumâ—ell of your Sword upon your right thigh and directing it with your right hand to the place you intend to hit viz. the belly or arme pits or his throat They must be taught to be excellent marks-men for the manner of handling them the directions of the Pistoll may serve for instruction Edmunds observation upon Câ—sars Com. In those Kingdomes that are fortified with strong Garrison Townes there shall neede no such armâ— for those townes are ready to performe the same Office that this Armie should doe * The forme of their standing in Battalia ready for exercise To cause them to face to the right hand is performed by commanding * To the right hand This motion is performed by turning all at once and the same time to the right hand Thus the Front is where the right Flanke was To reduce them to their first forme the word of command is This is performed by turning to the left hand from thence to face them to the left you command This is performed by turning towards the left from hence they are to be reduced by commanding Which they doe by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reare though it be most proper to doe it by the right hand yet for the more ready way you must command This is performed by turning towards the left hand untill their faces Front to that place which was before the Reare To reduce them to their first forme the word of Command is Every other ranke passeth into the rank before them upon the right hand of his leader To reduce them the word of Command is Which is best done by causing those rankes which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance This motion differs nothing from the former onely where as before they doubled to the right now they double to the left hand of their Leaders To reduce them the word of Command is To performe this the second File passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman this must be done throughout the Company at one instant the o are the places where the Files that removed did stand They are reduced by commanding The difference betweene this and the former motion is the difference of hands so that those Files that before moved are now to stand view the Figure They are reduc't by commanding To performe this the middlemen double the first ranke on the right hand the other two Rankes double the two folowing Rankes as is manifest in the Figure To reduce them the word is But in regard of the combersomnesse of the horse in turning to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance This motion onely differs from the former in the hand The reducing of them is shewed in the former motion In this motion the last Ranke passeth into the first and so successively as the Figure demonstrates it They are reduced by saying For the convenient turning of the horse it is best to beginne with the left hand This Figure is after the Corean manner There are divers other formes of countermarching which are to be performed as well by Rankes as by Files as the Lacedemonian and Macedonian but in regard of brevity they are here omitted All the Files are to close from the right and left towards the middle of the body Note when you intend to wheele your Files must first be closed and then the Rankes and when you command them to open againe the Rankes are first and then the Files To performe this all the Rankes move forwards saving the first which standeth the second ranke being advanc't up to its distance stands so all the rest When the horses are to wheele the Commander must take a reasonable Compasse for they cannot possibly doe it in such exact manner as the foote for they must be allowed a farre greater space in regard of the combersomenes of the horse To performe this motion all the body moveth to the left upon the left file leader as the Center The wheeling to the left hand is the readiest way unlesse some impediments hinders wherefore that is first nominated although it bee more proper to begin with the right the wheeling to the right is for brevity omitted To reduce them wheele to the right hand as you were There is also wheeling to the right or left about wheeling wings into the front they are here omited for brevitie To reduce them into their first order first the Rankes are to be opened then the files In opening the rankes the best way is to doe it by opening forwards It was attributed to Iason Foure kindes of Rhombes â— described Euelide defineth a Rhombe to be a square Figure that hath the sides equall but the Angles not right viz. the foure-sides of the square are of one and the same length but the points which make the Angles are two of them stretched out in length and become more sharpe the other two are more blunt than a Tetragonall square A Rhombe neither filing nor ranking The Thess alonians used this forme of imbattelling their Troopes The termes used by Commanders in former ages as Pâ—li l. 4. 217. A Rhombe ranking but not filing Leo Chap. 5. Sect. 3. and Cap. 6. Sect. 39. Leo Cap 7. Sect. 81 Cap. 14. Sect. 70. Leo Cap 14. Sect. 108 109. Plutarch in Liâ—urgo Leo Cap. 12. Sect. 4â— Their horse Troopes charged the Enemy in Phalang and not by rankes as we doe Leo ibidem reade Bingham upon Aliâ—ns Tacticks pag. 106. Caesar against Pompey did the like and Eâ—aâ—mondas against the Lacedemonians Soâ—e Generalls have 〈…〉 range 〈…〉 second 〈…〉 by a large 〈…〉 â—ront 〈…〉 but 〈…〉 Flank◠〈…〉 battell to 〈…〉 Inâ—anâ—ry Not to charge the enemies foote Troopes