target_n be_v of_o such_o reputation_n among_o the_o roman_a arm_n and_o challenge_v such_o interest_n in_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n let_v we_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o use_n &_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v better_a understand_v then_o by_o that_o comparison_n which_o polybius_n have_v make_v between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macodonian_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v it_o in_o these_o discourse_n and_o thus_o it_o follow_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o macedonian_a weapon_n i_o promise_v in_o my_o six_o book_n that_o i_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o weapon_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o macedonian_n and_o that_o i_o will_v likewise_o write_v of_o the_o disposition_n of_o either_o of_o their_o army_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o what_o regard_n the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v either_o inferior_a or_o 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firm_a in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o so_o thick_a a_o array_n of_o battle_n and_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o basis_n or_o scantling_n sixteen_o foot_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a and_o right_a conveniency_n of_o they_o fourteen_o cubit_n out_o of_o which_o be_v take_v four_o allow_v for_o the_o space_n between_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o support_v the_o same_o and_o the_o butt_n end_n thereof_o while_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o attend_v the_o encounter_n be_v thus_o order_v i_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o length_n of_o ten_o cubit_n do_v extend_v itself_o before_o the_o body_n of_o every_o arm_a man_n where_o with_o both_o his_o hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o 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pike_n without_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o former_a the_o point_n of_o they_o not_o be_v long_a enough_o to_o enlarge_v themselves_o beyond_o the_o foremost_a rank_n they_o grow_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o can_v man_v by_o man_n make_v any_o impression_n or_o assault_n but_o serve_v only_o by_o lay_v their_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o those_o which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o sustain_v and_o hold_v up_o the_o sway_v and_o give_v back_o of_o the_o former_a rank_n which_o stand_v before_o they_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o front_n may_v stand_v firm_a and_o sure_a and_o with_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o pike_n they_o do_v repel_v all_o those_o dart_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v before_o will_v annoy_v those_o rank_n which_o be_v more_o backward_o and_o far_o by_o move_v forward_o with_o the_o force_n of_o their_o body_n they_o do_v so_o press_v upon_o the_o former_a that_o they_o do_v make_v a_o most_o violent_a impression_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o foremost_a rank_n shall_v give_v back_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o general_a and_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n we_o must_v now_o speak_v on_o the_o contrary_a part_n touch_v the_o property_n and_o difference_n as_o well_o of_o the_o arm_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_a battle_n for_o every_o roman_a soldier_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o weapon_n be_v allow_v three_o foot_n to_o stand_v in_o and_o in_o the_o encounter_n be_v move_v man_n by_o man_n every_o one_o cover_v himself_o with_o his_o target_n and_o mutual_o move_v whensoever_o there_o be_v occasion_n offer_v but_o those_o which_o use_v their_o sword_n do_v fight_n in_o a_o more_o thin_a and_o distinct_a order_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v three_o foot_n more_o allow_v they_o to_o stand_v in_o both_o from_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n and_o from_o back_n to_o belly_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o weapon_n with_o the_o better_a commodity_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o roman_a soldier_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o two_o of_o those_o which_o be_v to_o encounter_v he_o of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n so_o that_o one_o roman_n be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o oppose_v himself_o against_o ten_o pike_n which_o pike_n the_o say_v one_o soldier_n can_v neither_o by_o any_o agility_n come_v to_o offend_v or_o else_o at_o handy_a blow_n otherwise_o annoy_v and_o those_o which_o be_v behind_o he_o be_v not_o only_o unable_a to_o repel_v their_o force_n but_o also_o with_o conveniency_n to_o use_v their_o own_o weapon_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o battle_n be_v assault_v by_o the_o front_n of_o a_o phalanx_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n thereof_o if_o it_o have_v
his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n than_o be_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a and_o champain_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v and_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o twenty_o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_v and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o any_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjectur_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o werebut_n one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n stand_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a place_n they_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v apt_a for_o all_o these_o purpose_n for_o every_o soldier_n among_o they_o be_v once_o arm_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v refuse_v no_o place_n time_n nor_o occasion_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o order_n whether_o he_o fight_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n or_o particular_o by_o himself_o man_n to_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o disposition_n be_v advantageous_a so_o the_o end_n do_v answer_v the_o expectation_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a because_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v and_o again_o many_o wonder_v how_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o roman_a army_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o weapon_n thus_o far_o go_v polybius_n in_o compare_v the_o weapon_n and_o embattel_v of_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o macedonian_n wherein_o we_o see_v the_o pike_n true_o and_o exact_o order_v according_a as_o the_o wise_a grecians_n can_v best_o proportion_v it_o with_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n which_o may_v give_v most_o advantage_n to_o the_o use_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o our_o squadron_n of_o pike_n jump_v not_o with_o the_o perfect_a manner_n of_o a_o phalanx_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v not_o they_o fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o other_o nation_n impute_v unto_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o can_v allow_v it_o that_o disposition_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o war_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o weapon_n do_v require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n the_o say_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v be_v tie_v to_o such_o dangerous_a circumstance_n of_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n of_o fight_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o profitable_a a_o weapon_n as_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n do_v seem_v to_o make_v it_o especial_o in_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o ireland_n be_v where_o the_o use_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o be_v note_v to_o hinder_v the_o manage_n thereof_o and_o doubtless_o if_o our_o commander_n do_v but_o consider_v of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o ireland_n they_o will_v not_o proportion_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o they_o in_o every_o company_n as_o there_o be_v for_o common_o half_a the_o company_n be_v pike_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o war_n that_o half_o the_o army_n have_v neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n but_o only_o against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n for_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o come_v to_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n with_o the_o foot_n company_n where_o they_o may_v charge_v and_o offend_v the_o enemy_n and_o for_o defence_n if_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o buckle_v with_o they_o at_o hand_n but_o make_v more_o advantage_n to_o play_v upon_o they_o afar_o off_o with_o shot_n it_o afford_v small_a safety_n to_o shake_v a_o long_a pike_n at_o they_o and_o stand_v fair_a 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legion_n that_o have_v lose_v many_o centurion_n and_o be_v very_o weak_a in_o soldier_n towards_o pompey_n legion_n and_o the_o lesser_a camp_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n neither_o do_v his_o opinion_n deceive_v he_o for_o he_o come_v thither_o before_o pompey_n can_v perceive_v it_o and_o albeit_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v great_a yet_o assault_v it_o speedy_o with_o the_o left_a cornet_n wherein_o he_o himself_o be_v he_o drive_v pompey_n soldier_n from_o the_o rampire_n there_o stand_v a_o eâ—itius_n turn-pike_n in_o the_o gate_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o resistance_n for_o a_o while_n and_o as_o our_o man_n will_v have_v enter_v they_o valiant_o defend_v the_o camp_n t._n pulcio_n by_o who_o mean_n c._n antonius_n army_n be_v betray_v as_o we_o have_v former_o declare_v fight_v there_o most_o valiant_o yet_o nevertheless_o our_o man_n overcome_v they_o by_o valour_n and_o cut_v up_o the_o turn-pike_n enter_v first_o into_o the_o great_a camp_n and_o 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charge_n and_o to_o retreat_n with_o all_o which_o several_a note_n the_o soldier_n be_v so_o familiar_o to_o be_v acquaint_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v they_o beat_v he_o may_v be_v ready_a sudden_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n as_o if_o he_o hear_v his_o captain_n pronounce_v as_o much_o the_o direction_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v infinite_a mouth_n according_a to_o the_o different_a occasion_n which_o shall_v be_v offer_v yet_o always_o with_o this_o caveat_n that_o they_o be_v short_a yet_o perspicuous_a without_o all_o ambiguity_n and_o plain_o pronounce_v first_o by_o the_o captain_n then_o derive_v by_o the_o sergeant_n through_o the_o division_n or_o battallion_n though_o infinite_a yet_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v these_o to_o your_o arm_n keep_v your_o file_n keep_v your_o rank_n division_n follow_v your_o leader_n leader_n look_v to_o your_o file_n keep_v your_o distance_n face_n to_o your_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o your_o left_a hand_n close_o your_o 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motion_n according_a to_o the_o powerful_a circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n wherein_o howsoever_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o hungarian_a may_v seem_v to_o give_v warrant_n to_o that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o roman_n who_o conquer_a army_n be_v pregnant_a witness_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n shall_v speak_v sufficient_o for_o order_n and_o tactick_a motion_n as_o most_o necessary_a part_n in_o a_o well-ordered_a war_n finis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 3._o saluâ—â—_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jogur_n suitzer_n mâ—tronâ—_n sâ—quara_n curardum_fw-la viâ—inâ—s_fw-la populis_fw-la 〈…〉_z inâ—â—r_o 〈◊〉_d â—opulos_fw-la col_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d caesar_n caesar_n sâ—voyards_n the_o omission_n in_o the_o helvetian_a expedition_n caesar_n caesar_n rome_n caesar_n caesar_n so_o ne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n of_o their_o watch_n caesar_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z place_n oâ—_n advantage_n in_o the_o roman_a war_n their_o manner_n of_o victual_v caesar_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattel_v by_o tripleâ—_n aâ—ies_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 5._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la a_o phalanx_n describe_v caesar_n speech_n of_o encouragement_n before_o they_o give_v battle_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v lib._n â—_o de_fw-fr militia_n roman_n lib._n 5._o salusâ—_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o division_n of_o their_o day_n caesar_n langre_n periculum_fw-la 〈…〉_z caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n tthe_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n liv._o lib._n 8._o lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n le_fw-fr doux_fw-fr caesar_n whether_o man_n have_v great_a courage_n in_o their_o own_o or_o in_o a_o stranger_n country_n caesar_n footman_n intermingle_v among_o horseman_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 3._o the_o exâ—id_n lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la africano_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o use_n of_o lot_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o country_n about_o bâ—auvois_n bâ—auvois_n the_o country_n about_o soâ—ssons_n soâ—ssons_n the_o people_n about_o tournay_n tournay_n arras_n arras_n amiens_n amiens_n vermandois_n vermandois_n tervenne_fw-fr tervenne_fw-fr liege_n 308000._o in_o all_o all_o la_fw-fr disne_n caesar_n a_o legion_n what_o it_o be_v lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la romuli_n liv._o lib._n 22._o taciâ—us_n â—_o hist_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la triarii_fw-la lib._n 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mil._n rom._n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n the_o distinction_n of_o their_o company_n manipuli_fw-la ordines_fw-la cohors_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la re_fw-mi â—ust_z a_o legion_n range_v in_o battle_n the_o first_o order_n 3_o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la civili_fw-la prima_fw-la cohorâ—_n the_o benefit_n of_o this_o discipline_n the_o benefit_n of_o small_a battalion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o great_a squadron_n squadron_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o reâ—ell_n to_o take_v a_o town_n by_o surprise_n a_o testudo_fw-la describe_v lib._n 44._o lib._n 4â—_n the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n discovery_n now_o england_n the_o order_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o discovery_n slingers_n with_o their_o art_n and_o use_v lib._n â—_o lib._n 2._o 〈◊〉_d quest_n 〈◊〉_d caesar_n caesar_n noâ—on_n caesar_n caesar_n soyssons_fw-fr agger_fw-la or_o mount_v tower_n or_o turret_n describe_v caesar_n the_o bellovaci_n take_v to_o mercy_n the_o ambiani_n yield_v up_o themselves_o the_o nervii_n nervii_n sambre_n near_o namur_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n the_o two_o respect_n which_o caesar_n have_v in_o order_v a_o mâ—râ—h_n 1_o safety_n 2_o conveniency_n agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la quadratum_fw-la lib._n 8._o the_o bell_n gall._n gall._n 60._o epist_n lib_fw-la 6._o agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la lib._n 5._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gall._n the_o use_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n caesar_n the_o descript_n on_o of_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o all_o the_o part_n belong_v unto_o it_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o legion_n quintana_n principia_fw-la the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n the_o space_n between_o the_o tent_n and_o the_o rampire_n contubernium_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n agger_fw-la vallum_n praetoria_n porta_fw-la porte_fw-fr decumana_fw-la porte_fw-fr principales_fw-la laeva_fw-la dextra_fw-la castra_n aestiva_fw-la hiberna_fw-la the_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a the_o ceremony_n which_o they_o use_v in_o their_o preparation_n to_o battle_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o take_v it_o be_v something_o else_o than_o a_o word_n the_o place_n and_o office_n of_o 〈◊〉_d primipile_n the_o target_n describe_v lib._n 16._o cap._n 40._o caesar_n lib._n the_o militia_n ju._n cae._n cae._n either_o douai_n or_o boldaâ—_n in_o brabant_n caesar_n circumvallatio_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n aries_n or_o the_o ram._n cales_n aries_n simplex_fw-la aries_n composita_fw-la to_o give_v notice_n of_o a_o alarm_n by_o fire_n lib._n 25._o the_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_n lay_v upon_o a_o conquer_a nation_n caesar_n of_o this_o supplication_n i_o â—ill_v speak_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o four_o book_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o force_n of_o novelty_n turn_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n caesar_n caesar_n savoyard_n savoyard_n le_fw-fr perche_n perche_n cornoaille_fw-fr in_o bretaigne_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vannes_n the_o weakness_n of_o our_o judgement_n inâ—egâ—â—rd_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o 〈…〉_z the_o authority_n of_o example_n caesar_n caesar_n ligâ—ris_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o that_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o ambassador_n caesar_n lendriguer_n lisieux_n nantes_n auren_n be_v leâ—â—doâ—â—_n city_n in_o little_a britain_n britain_n trier_n caesar_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n spring-tide_n the_o manner_n of_o 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agrippina_n agrippina_n wael_n vincitur_fw-la haud_fw-la gratis_o jugulo_fw-la qui_fw-la provocat_n hostem_fw-la liv._o lib._n 9_o liv._o lib._n 7._o caesar_n caesar_n csar_n lib._n de_fw-fr machin_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z monstrâ—ul_a caesar_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o reason_n the_o
but_o all_o be_v trivial_a and_o imaginary_a we_o forbear_v further_a disquisition_n and_o pass_v to_o our_o observation_n upon_o his_o medal_n observation_n upon_o caesar_n medal_n upon_o the_o first_o medal_n the_o effigy_n of_o venus_n genitrix_n with_o a_o globe_n or_o world_n before_o she_o without_o any_o inscription_n though_o occo_n and_o vrsinus_n mention_v one_o inscribe_v with_o l._n buca_n the_o other_o side_n have_v venus_n give_v anchises_n a_o meeting_n near_o mount_n ida_n this_o it_o shall_v seem_v caesar_n cause_v to_o be_v do_v out_o of_o flattery_n to_o himself_o in_o that_o it_o serve_v both_o to_o make_v his_o original_n more_o illustrious_a and_o as_o a_o monument_n of_o that_o happiness_n and_o good_a fortune_n which_o this_o goddess_n have_v procure_v he_o in_o all_o his_o enterprise_n for_o it_o be_v his_o ambition_n to_o have_v descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o anchises_n and_o venus_n by_o who_o indulgence_n he_o have_v conquer_v the_o universe_n as_o be_v his_o directrix_fw-la in_o all_o his_o design_n as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o globe_n or_o world_n whereof_o this_o goddess_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o protectress_n as_o be_v esteem_v the_o sovereign_a genius_n of_o generation_n according_a to_o solinus_n tu_fw-la foetibus_fw-la auge_n cuncta_fw-la suis_fw-la totus_fw-la pariter_fw-la tibi_fw-la parturit_fw-la orbis_fw-la and_o her_o worship_n be_v questionless_a very_o ancient_a for_o it_o be_v the_o head_n of_o venus_n genitrix_n that_o the_o saracen_n and_o ishmaelite_n worship_v allege_v that_o abraham_n have_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o enjoy_v hagar_n from_o who_o proceed_v a_o great_a generation_n as_o enthymius_n zigabenus_n in_o his_o table_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o the_o anonymous_a greek_a author_n of_o the_o saracen_n history_n have_v observe_v so_o have_v we_o here_o the_o same_o goddess_n accost_v that_o great_a heros_n to_o have_v issue_n by_o he_o the_o genius_n destine_v to_o further_a the_o establishment_n of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n have_v a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o signify_v the_o future_a majesty_n of_o that_o monarchy_n the_o second_o medal_n l._n sepulius_fw-la macer_n venus_n stand_v with_o a_o victory_n in_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o pike_n in_o the_o other_o be_v the_o otherside_n of_o that_o which_o bear_v the_o effigy_n of_o caesar_n and_o the_o star_n of_o this_o goddess_n servius_n quote_v a_o observation_n of_o varro_n say_v upon_o the_o first_o of_o the_o aeneid_n that_o when_o this_o heros_n lest_o troy_n look_v up_o into_o the_o sky_n he_o present_o perceive_v venus_n in_o the_o daytime_n she_o shine_v then_o purposely_o to_o direct_v he_o to_o laurentum_n the_o place_n for_o which_o the_o destiny_n have_v design_v he_o the_o egyptian_n represent_v this_o star_n by_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o most_o beautiful_a woman_n it_o be_v think_v the_o bright_a in_o the_o firmament_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pulcherrima_fw-la be_v name_v in_o the_o morning_n phosphorus_n or_o lucifer_n in_o the_o evening_n vesper_n this_o star_n therefore_o that_o be_v aeneas_n conductress_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o midwife_n of_o the_o light_n venus_n be_v the_o same_o which_o the_o saracen_n call_v cuba_n or_o kabar_n which_o word_n signify_v great_a be_v also_o otherwise_o call_v astarte_n urania_n or_o coelestibus_fw-la by_o all_o which_o name_n be_v mean_v no_o other_o but_o this_o genetrix_fw-la under_o which_o epithet_n the_o lacedaemonian_n adore_v and_o invoke_v she_o as_o a_o advancer_n of_o generation_n the_o roman_n in_o the_o circensian_a game_n bring_v forth_o the_o statue_n of_o caesar_n in_o pomp_n have_v the_o planet_n venus_n on_o his_o head_n now_o this_o urania_n because_o of_o her_o procreative_a influence_n be_v hold_v in_o particular_a devotion_n by_o the_o woman_n as_o divers_a medal_n of_o the_o empress_n discover_v be_v common_o inscribe_v veneri_fw-la coelesti_fw-la and_o have_v that_o star_n gualterus_n furnish_v we_o with_o a_o inscription_n of_o a_o certain_a priestesse_n of_o she_o out_o of_o the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o sicily_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diodotus_n titieli_fw-it filius_fw-la appeiraeus_n sororem_fw-la svam_fw-la minyram_fw-la artemonis_fw-la filiam_fw-la sacerdotem_fw-la veneris_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la she_o be_v also_o inscribe_v venus_n coelestibus_fw-la augusta_n possible_o in_o favour_n of_o some_o empress_n as_o also_o invicta_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la the_o three_o medal_n caesar_z dict_n perp._n caesar_n perpetual_a dictator_n a_o venus_n victrix_n naked_a hold_v a_o helmet_n and_o a_o buckler_n there_o be_v before_o her_o a_o pillar_n upon_o which_o be_v place_v a_o eagle_n and_o behind_o a_o military_a ensign_n the_o meaning_n be_v this_o we_o have_v venus_n here_o naked_a with_o a_o helmet_n in_o her_o hand_n to_o signify_v her_o victorious_a over_o mars_n by_o her_o charm_a attraction_n as_o if_o that_o god_n have_v quite_o lose_v all_o courage_n deliver_v up_o his_o arm_n and_o render_v himself_o her_o prisoner_n thus_o menelaus_n cast_v away_o his_o pike_n sword_n and_o buckler_n have_v have_v but_o a_o glimpse_n of_o the_o delicate_a breast_n of_o the_o fair_a hellen._n but_o in_o this_o medal_n venus_n denote_v that_o she_o have_v so_o fortunate_o assist_v caesar_n the_o minion_n of_o all_o her_o progeny_n in_o all_o his_o warlike_a enterprise_n that_o he_o have_v obtain_v absolute_a victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n whereof_o the_o helmet_n buckler_n and_o military_a ensign_n be_v the_o mark_n caesar_n have_v consecrate_v they_o to_o she_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o her_o favour_n the_o eagle_n pitch_v upon_o a_o pillar_n signify_v that_o his_o victory_n have_v assure_v he_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o shall_v be_v his_o eternal_o the_o eagle_n denote_v empire_n and_o royalty_n and_o presage_n and_o signify_v absolute_a victory_n it_o signify_v also_o that_o the_o empire_n shall_v be_v assure_v to_o he_o maugre_o all_o the_o force_n and_o opposition_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o german_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o who_o he_o shall_v despise_v as_o this_o bird_n do_v thunder_n for_o that_o of_o all_o creature_n it_o can_v ascend_v above_o the_o cloud_n where_o it_o can_v suffer_v no_o injury_n the_o four_o medal_n german_n induti_fw-la iii_o a_o river_n lie_v by_o a_o mountain_n side_n pour_v out_o his_o water_n have_v a_o boat_n or_o bark_n near_o he_o this_o medal_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v stamp_v purposely_o to_o exercise_v our_o divination_n we_o conceive_v it_o shall_v be_v read_v germana_n indutia_n and_o that_o the_o number_n three_o stand_n for_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o year_n take_v the_o word_n indutia_n to_o signify_v a_o colony_n of_o german_n dispose_v into_o that_o place_n by_o caesar_n order_n this_o name_n indeed_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o geographer_n only_a pliny_n mention_n a_o town_n call_v industria_n situate_v along_o the_o apennine_a upon_o the_o famous_a river_n of_o po._n now_o there_o be_v a_o great_a conformity_n between_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o town_n and_o this_o medal_n and_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v a_o erratum_fw-la in_o pliny_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v indutia_n instead_o of_o industria_n which_o be_v not_o so_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n for_o the_o three_o point_n iii_o they_o may_v signify_v the_o year_n of_o the_o establishment_n of_o that_o colony_n or_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v another_o medal_n have_v four_o four_o denote_v the_o four_o year_n but_o it_o have_v withal_o the_o devise_n of_o a_o ox_n with_o his_o head_n stoop_v and_o his_o knee_n bend_v which_o posture_n imply_v the_o establishment_n and_o foundation_n of_o a_o city_n in_o this_o posture_n do_v nonnus_n describe_v the_o ox_n of_o cadmus_n upon_o both_o these_o medal_n there_o be_v a_o venus_n victrix_n on_o one_o side_n and_o what_o be_v before_o recite_v on_o the_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o plant_n of_o this_o colony_n happen_v after_o caesar_n most_o remarkable_a victory_n against_o the_o german_n the_o five_o and_o six_o medal_n we_o have_v these_o two_o medal_n from_o goltzius_n whereof_o one_o in_o greek_a have_v a_o tripod_n and_o two_o star_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o head_n &_o the_o other_o side_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d caesar_n imperator_n pontifex_fw-la maximus_fw-la augur_n this_o tripod_n of_o apollo_n have_v something_o in_o it_o more_o particular_a apollo_n augur_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v here_o design_v by_o one_o of_o the_o star_n which_o accompany_v that_o of_o venus_n genetrix_fw-la or_o coelestibus_fw-la show_v that_o caesar_n be_v assist_v in_o his_o charge_n of_o augur_n and_o his_o study_n of_o astrology_n and_o presage_v whereof_o the_o lituus_fw-la and_o
to_o caesar_n the_o hedui_n say_v he_o have_v always_o find_v in_o the_o bellovaci_n a_o faithful_a and_o friendly_a disposition_n to_o their_o state_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v betray_v by_o their_o nobility_n who_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o the_o hedui_n be_v bring_v in_o bondage_n by_o the_o roman_n and_o suffer_v all_o villainy_n and_o despite_n at_o their_o hand_n they_o have_v never_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o hedui_n nor_o consent_v to_o conspire_v against_o the_o roman_n the_o author_n of_o this_o counsel_n perceive_v into_o what_o great_a misery_n they_o have_v bring_v their_o country_n be_v flee_v into_o brittany_n wherefore_o not_o only_o the_o bellovaci_n but_o the_o hedui_n also_o in_o their_o behalf_n beseech_v he_o to_o use_v his_o clemency_n towards_o they_o which_o thing_n if_o he_o do_v it_o will_v very_o much_o greaten_v the_o esteem_n &_o authority_n of_o the_o hedui_n among_o the_o belgae_n who_o former_o in_o their_o war_n have_v recourse_n to_o they_o for_o supply_n and_o assistance_n caesar_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o hedui_n and_o divitacus_n promise_v to_o receive_v they_o to_o mercy_n but_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o state_n be_v very_o great_a and_o more_o populous_a and_o powerful_a than_o other_o town_n of_o the_o belgae_n he_o demand_v six_o hundred_o hostage_n which_o be_v deliver_v and_o their_o armour_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o town_n he_o march_v from_o thence_o into_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o ambiani_n themselves_o who_o without_o further_a linger_a give_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v into_o his_o power_n upon_o these_o border_v the_o nervii_n nervii_n of_o who_o caesar_n find_v thus_o much_o by_o inquiry_n that_o there_o be_v no_o recourse_n of_o merchant_n unto_o they_o neither_o do_v they_o suffer_v any_o â—â—ine_n or_o what_o thing_n else_o may_v tend_v to_o riot_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o country_n for_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o by_o such_o thing_n their_o courage_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o their_o virtue_n weaken_v further_o he_o learn_v that_o these_o nervii_n be_v a_o savage_a people_n and_o of_o great_a valour_n often_o accuse_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o belgae_n for_o yield_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o roman_a yoke_n open_o affirm_v that_o they_o will_v neither_o send_v ambassador_n nor_o take_v peace_n upon_o any_o condition_n caesar_n have_v march_v three_o day_n journey_n in_o their_o country_n understand_v that_o the_o river_n namur_n sabis_n be_v not_o pass_v ten_o mile_n from_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o on_o the_o further_a side_n of_o this_o river_n all_o the_o nervii_n be_v assemble_v together_o and_o there_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o they_o be_v join_v the_o atâ—ebates_n and_o veromandui_n who_o they_o have_v persuade_v to_o abide_v the_o same_o fortune_n of_o war_n with_o they_o beside_o they_o expect_v a_o power_n from_o the_o aduatici_n the_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v unmeet_a for_o the_o field_n they_o bestow_v in_o a_o place_n unaccessible_a for_o any_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n and_o marsh_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n caesar_n send_v his_o discoverer_n and_o centurion_n before_o to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o incamp_v in_o now_o whereas_o many_o of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n and_o other_o gall_n be_v continual_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n certain_a of_o these_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o the_o captive_n observe_v the_o order_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o march_v come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o nervii_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o between_o every_o legion_n go_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o carriage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o legion_n be_v come_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o other_o legion_n yet_o a_o great_a way_n off_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o upon_o a_o sudden_a before_o they_o be_v disburden_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v they_o which_o legion_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o their_o stuff_n take_v the_o rest_n will_v have_v small_a courage_n to_o stand_v against_o they_o it_o much_o further_v this_o advice_n that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o nervii_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o power_n of_o horse_n but_o what_o they_o do_v they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v with_o foot_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o borderer_n whensoever_o they_o make_v any_o road_n into_o their_o march_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o cut_v young_a tree_n half_o asunder_o and_o bow_v the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n plash_v the_o bough_n in_o breadth_n and_o with_o thorn_n and_o brier_n plant_v between_o they_o they_o make_v they_o so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o see_v through_o they_o so_o hard_o it_o be_v to_o enter_v or_o pass_v through_o they_o so_o that_o when_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n must_v needs_o be_v hinder_v the_o nervii_n think_v the_o foresay_a counsel_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v the_o place_n which_o the_o roman_n choose_v to_o incamp_v in_o be_v a_o hill_n of_o like_a level_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n sabis_n and_o with_o the_o like_a level_n on_o the_o other_o side_n rise_v another_o hill_n direct_o against_o this_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o two_o hundred_o pace_n the_o bottom_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o open_a and_o the_o upper_a part_n so_o thick_a with_o wood_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v look_v into_o within_o these_o wood_n the_o â—ervians_n keep_v themselves_o close_o and_o in_o the_o open_a ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n be_v only_o see_v a_o few_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o river_n in_o that_o place_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n deep_a caesar_n march_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a at_o hand_n observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o surrender_a belgae_n have_v fortunate_o discover_v the_o manner_n of_o caesar_n march_n march_n as_o well_o in_o safe_a passage_n as_o in_o dangerous_a and_o suspect_a place_n which_o be_v a_o point_n of_o no_o small_a consequence_n in_o martial_a discipline_n be_v subject_a to_o so_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o great_a art_n that_o may_v be_v show_v in_o manage_v a_o war_n concern_v the_o discreet_a carriage_n of_o a_o march_n by_o this_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o caesar_n principal_o respect_a safety_n and_o second_o conveniency_n mâ—râ—h_n if_o the_o place_n afford_v a_o secure_a passage_n and_o give_v no_o suspicion_n of_o hostility_n he_o be_v content_a in_o regard_n of_o conveniency_n to_o suffer_v every_o legion_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o their_o particular_a carriage_n safety_n and_o to_o insert_v they_o among_o the_o troop_n conveniency_n that_o every_o man_n may_v have_v at_o hand_n such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a either_o for_o their_o private_a use_n or_o public_a discipline_n but_o if_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o any_o sudden_a attempt_n or_o stand_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v impeach_v by_o a_o enemy_n he_o then_o omit_v convenient_a disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o particular_a use_n as_o disadvantageous_a to_o their_o safety_n and_o carry_v his_o legion_n in_o that_o readiness_n that_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v without_o any_o alteration_n of_o their_o march_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o their_o carriage_n receive_v the_o charge_n in_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n as_o be_v best_a approve_v by_o their_o military_a rule_n and_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o their_o fortunate_a progenitour_n the_o old_a roman_n observe_v likewise_o the_o same_o respect_n for_o in_o unsafe_a and_o suspect_a place_n they_o carry_v their_o troop_n again_o quadrato_fw-la quadratum_fw-la in_o a_o square_a march_n which_o as_o livy_n seem_v to_o note_v be_v free_a from_o all_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n which_o may_v hinder_v they_o in_o any_o sudden_a alarm_n neither_o do_v that_o of_o gall._n hirtius_n any_o way_n contradict_v this_o interpretation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o caesar_n so_o dispose_v his_o troop_n against_o the_o bellovaci_n that_o three_o legion_n march_v in_o front_n and_o after_o they_o come_v all_o the_o carriage_n to_o which_o the_o ten_o legion_n serve_v as_o a_o rearward_n and_o so_o they_o march_v pene_fw-la agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la almost_o in_o a_o square_a march_n epist_n seneca_n in_o like_a manner_n note_v the_o safety_n of_o agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v expect_v we_o ought_v to_o march_v agmine_fw-la quadrato_fw-la ready_a to_o fight_v the_o most_o material_a consequence_n of_o these_o place_n allege_v be_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o suspect_v any_o onset_n or_o charge_n their_o order_n in_o a_o march_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v from_o their_o usual_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v and_o
great_a fire_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o part_n and_o although_o all_o man_n take_v it_o very_o grievous_o yet_o they_o propound_v this_o comfort_n unto_o themselves_o that_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v defeat_v they_o shall_v quick_o recover_v their_o loss_n touch_v avaricum_n they_o dispute_v it_o in_o common_a council_n whether_o it_o shall_v be_v burn_v or_o defend_v the_o bituriges_n do_v prostrate_v themselves_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o the_o gall_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o set_v on_o fire_n with_o their_o own_o hand_n the_o fair_a city_n in_o all_o gallia_n be_v both_o a_o ornament_n and_o a_o strength_n to_o their_o state_n they_o will_v easy_o defend_v it_o by_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n be_v encircle_v round_o about_o with_o a_o river_n and_o a_o bog_n and_o be_v accessible_a by_o one_o narrow_a passage_n only_o at_o length_n leave_v be_v grant_v they_o to_o keep_v it_o veâ—cingetorix_n at_o first_o dissuade_v they_o from_o it_o and_o afterward_o yield_v unto_o it_o move_v by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o commiseration_n of_o the_o common_a multitude_n and_o so_o a_o fit_a garrison_n be_v choose_v to_o defend_v the_o town_n observation_n i_o have_v see_v a_o impreze_n with_o a_o circle_n it_o and_o a_o hand_n with_o a_o sharp_a stile_n point_v towards_o the_o centre_n with_o this_o motto_n hic_fw-la labour_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la this_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o work_n and_o labour_n signify_v thereby_o that_o albeit_o the_o area_n thereof_o be_v plain_o and_o distinct_o bound_v and_o the_o diameter_n of_o no_o great_a length_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v the_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o heart_n and_o chief_a part_n of_o that_o figure_n in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v no_o business_n or_o other_o course_n so_o easy_a or_o plain_a but_o the_o centre_n may_v be_v mistake_v and_o the_o difficulty_n common_o rest_v in_o hit_v that_o point_n which_o give_v the_o circumference_n a_o equal_a and_o regular_a motion_n the_o gall_n be_v resolve_v to_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o to_o redeem_v their_o liberty_n with_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o life_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o mean_n and_o run_v a_o course_n far_o short_a of_o the_o centre_n for_o vercingetorix_n perceive_v the_o roman_n daily_o to_o get_v upon_o the_o gall_n first_o by_o take_v in_o one_o town_n second_o another_o and_o last_o of_o a_o three_o he_o advise_v they_o to_o set_v on_o fire_n all_o the_o country_n house_n village_n and_o town_n for_o a_o great_a circuit_n round_o about_o and_o so_o force_v the_o roman_n to_o fetch_v their_o forage_n and_o provision_n far_o off_o and_o undergo_v the_o difficulty_n of_o long_a convoy_n whereby_o the_o gall_n may_v make_v use_n of_o their_o multitude_n of_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o roman_n without_o supply_n of_o necessary_a provision_n and_o so_o they_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o give_v a_o speedy_a end_n to_o that_o war_n and_o this_o hâ—_n take_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o that_o business_n and_o the_o true_a use_n of_o their_o advantage_n polybius_n write_v 4._o that_o m._n regulus_n have_v divers_a time_n overthrow_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o battle_n one_o xantippus_n a_o lacedaemonian_a clear_o perceive_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o often_o rout_n begin_v open_o to_o say_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v not_o overthrow_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o by_o their_o own_o ignorance_n for_o they_o exceed_v the_o roman_n in_o horse_n and_o elephant_n have_v neglect_v to_o fight_v in_o the_o champain_n where_o their_o cavalry_n may_v show_v itself_o but_o in_o hill_n and_o woody_a place_n where_o the_o foot_n troop_n be_v of_o more_o force_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o advantage_n whereby_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o war_n be_v change_v and_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o preguant_n greek_n bring_v from_o the_o hill_n into_o the_o level_n of_o the_o plain_a the_o carthaginian_n recover_v all_o their_o former_a loss_n by_o one_o absolute_a victory_n in_o like_a manner_n hannibal_n find_v himself_o to_o exceed_v the_o roman_n in_o strength_n of_o cavalry_n do_v always_o endeavour_v to_o affront_v they_o in_o open_a and_o champain_n country_n and_o as_o often_o as_o the_o roman_n dare_v meet_v he_o fabius_n he_o put_v they_o to_o the_o worse_o but_o fabius_n perceive_v the_o disadvantage_n keep_v himself_o always_o upon_o the_o hill_n and_o in_o covert_n and_o uneven_a place_n and_o so_o make_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n equal_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n horseman_n there_o be_v no_o great_a scorn_n can_v touch_v a_o man_n of_o reputation_n and_o place_n then_o to_o be_v think_v not_o to_o understand_v his_o own_o business_n for_o as_o wisdom_n be_v the_o excellency_n of_o humane_a nature_n so_o do_v want_n of_o judgement_n deject_v man_n to_o the_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o aristotle_n call_v servant_n by_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d who_o wit_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o support_v any_o weight_n 1_o do_v recompense_v that_o want_n with_o the_o service_n of_o their_o body_n and_o be_v whole_o employ_v in_o a_o porter_n occupation_n 10._o which_o homer_n lay_v upon_o diomedes_z shoulder_n with_o as_o fine_a conveyance_n as_o he_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o invention_n for_o ulysses_n and_o he_o go_v out_o on_o a_o party_n to_o do_v some_o exploit_n upon_o the_o trojan_n they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o gallant_o that_o they_o fall_v to_o share_v king_n rhesus_n chariot_n and_o horse_n ulysses_z present_o seize_v upon_o the_o horse_n be_v of_o a_o delicate_a thracian_a breed_n and_o diomedes_n seem_v well_o content_v with_o the_o chariot_n but_o be_v to_o carry_v it_o away_o pallas_n advise_v he_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o lest_o he_o may_v prove_v his_o strength_n to_o be_v great_a than_o his_o wit_n and_o yet_o not_o find_v so_o much_o neither_o as_o will_v carry_v it_o away_o but_o for_o these_o direction_n which_o vercingetorix_n give_v unto_o the_o gall_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o history_n wherein_o he_o shall_v find_v how_o they_o prevail_v chap._n viii_o caesar_n besiege_v avaricum_n and_o be_v distress_v for_o want_n of_o corn_n vercingetorix_n follow_v caesar_n by_o small_a and_o easy_a journey_n caesar_n and_o choose_v a_o place_n to_o incamp_v in_o fortify_v about_o with_o bog_n and_o wood_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o avaricum_n where_o he_o understand_v what_o be_v do_v at_o avaricum_n every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o command_v likewise_o what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v he_o observe_v all_o our_o forage_n and_o harve_v and_o do_v set_v upon_o such_o as_o go_v far_o off_o upon_o any_o such_o occasion_n and_o encumber_v they_o with_o great_a inconvenience_n albeit_o they_o take_v what_o course_n they_o can_v to_o meet_v with_o it_o as_o to_o go_v out_o at_o uncertain_a time_n and_o by_o unknown_a and_o unusual_a way_n caesar_n encamp_v himself_o before_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v not_o shut_v in_o with_o the_o river_n nor_o the_o bog_n and_o afford_v but_o a_o narrow_a and_o straight_a passage_n begin_v to_o make_v a_o mount_n to_o drive_v vine_n and_o to_o raise_v two_o tower_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o enclose_v it_o round_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n and_o never_o rest_v to_o admonish_v the_o hedui_n and_o the_o boii_n to_o bring_v in_o supply_n of_o corn_n of_o who_o the_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a care_n and_o pain_n they_o take_v do_v little_o help_v he_o the_o other_o of_o no_o great_a ability_n be_v a_o small_a and_o a_o weak_a state_n do_v quick_o consume_v all_o that_o they_o have_v the_o army_n be_v distress_v for_o want_v of_o corn_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o boii_n and_o the_o indiligence_n of_o the_o hedui_n together_o with_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o country_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o want_v corn_n for_o many_o day_n together_o and_o sustain_v their_o life_n with_o beast_n and_o cattle_n which_o they_o have_v fetch_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o yet_o no_o one_o voice_n at_o all_o be_v hear_v to_o come_v from_o they_o unworthy_a the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o whenas_o caesar_n do_v speak_v unto_o the_o legion_n several_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o work_n that_o if_o their_o want_n be_v heavy_a and_o bitter_a unto_o they_o he_o will_v leave_v off_o the_o siege_n all_o of_o they_o with_o one_o voice_n desire_v he_o not_o to_o do_v so_o for_o since_o they_o have_v so_o serve_v many_o year_n under_o his_o command_n as_o they_o never_o have_v receive_v any_o dishonour_n neither_o have_v
afranius_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o few_o day_n triumph_v of_o caesar_n overthrow_n and_o flee_v away_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n whence_o we_o may_v note_v the_o advantage_n come_v to_o a_o party_n when_o they_o shake_v off_o any_o eminent_a distress_n for_o as_o the_o extremity_n thereof_o threaten_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o the_o alteration_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o opinion_n of_o victory_n and_o sure_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o misery_n that_o when_o the_o storm_n be_v over_o and_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o affliction_n alaid_z good_a time_n come_v redouble_v upon_o the_o patient_n as_o though_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o thing_n do_v enforce_v contrary_a effect_n and_o therefore_o a_o commander_n know_v the_o advantage_n of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n must_v endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o as_o may_v best_o serve_v to_o a_o speedy_a end_n chap._n xxi_o the_o enemy_n set_v forward_o and_o be_v stay_v by_o caesar_n the_o enemy_n thereupon_o think_v it_o expedient_a for_o he_o to_o make_v the_o more_o haste_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o leave_v two_o auxiliary_a cohort_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o ilerda_n he_o transport_v all_o his_o force_n over_o the_o river_n sicoris_n and_o encamp_v himself_o with_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o former_o he_o have_v carry_v over_o there_o remain_v nothing_o for_o caesar_n to_o do_v but_o with_o his_o cavalry_n to_o impeach_v and_o trouble_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o march_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a compass_n about_o to_o go_v by_o the_o bridge_n whereby_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o enemy_n will_v get_v to_o iberus_n a_o far_o near_a way_n he_o pass_v over_o his_o horseman_n by_o the_o ford_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n as_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n have_v raise_v their_o camp_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o cavalry_n show_v themselves_o in_o the_o rear_n &_o swarm_v about_o they_o in_o great_a multitude_n begin_v to_o stay_v and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v daylight_n from_o the_o upper_a ground_n where_o caesar_n lie_v encamp_v it_o be_v perceive_v how_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v hard_o lay_v to_o by_o our_o cavalry_n and_o how_o sometime_o they_o turn_v head_n again_o and_o be_v nevertheless_o break_v and_o rout_v sometime_o their_o ensign_n stand_v sudden_o still_o and_o all_o their_o foot_n troop_n charge_v our_o horse_n and_o force_v they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o then_o turn_v back_o go_v on_o their_o way_n again_o the_o soldier_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o the_o camp_n be_v grieve_v that_o the_o enemy_n shall_v so_o escape_v their_o hand_n whereby_o the_o matter_n will_v consequent_o be_v spin_v out_o into_o a_o long_a war_n and_o go_v unto_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n pray_v they_o to_o beseech_v caesar_n not_o to_o spare_v they_o for_o any_o danger_n or_o labour_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o willing_a to_o pass_v the_o river_n where_o the_o horse_n go_v over_o caesar_n move_v through_o their_o desire_n and_o importunity_n albeit_o he_o fear_v to_o expose_v his_o army_n to_o a_o river_n of_o that_o greatness_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o put_v it_o to_o trial_n and_o therefore_o command_v that_o the_o weak_a soldier_n of_o all_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o who_o courage_n or_o strength_n show_v a_o disabilitie_n to_o undertake_v that_o service_n and_o these_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o camp_n with_o one_o legion_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o bring_v out_o the_o other_o legion_n without_o carriage_n or_o burden_n and_o have_v set_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o cattle_n both_o above_o and_o below_o in_o the_o river_n he_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o some_o few_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o stream_n be_v succour_v and_o take_v up_o by_o the_o horseman_n insomuch_o as_o not_o one_o man_n perish_v the_o army_n carry_v thus_o over_o in_o safety_n he_o range_v they_o in_o order_n and_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o threefold_a battle_n such_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o albeit_o they_o have_v set_v a_o circuit_n of_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o ford_n afternoon_n and_o have_v spend_v much_o time_n in_o pass_v the_o river_n yet_o by_o the_o nine_o hour_n they_o do_v overtake_v the_o enemy_n that_o rise_v about_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n assoon_o as_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n have_v discover_v the_o legion_n afar_o off_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o novelty_n of_o that_o pursuit_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o upper_a ground_n and_o there_o imbattel_v their_o troop_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n refresh_v his_o army_n in_o the_o field_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o be_v weary_a to_o give_v battle_n and_o as_o the_o enemy_n try_v again_o to_o go_v on_o in_o their_o march_n he_o follow_v after_o and_o stay_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o incamp_v soon_o then_o be_v purpose_v for_o there_o be_v hill_n a_o little_a before_o they_o and_o for_o five_o mile_n together_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o narrow_a by_o which_o mean_n be_v advance_v between_o the_o hill_n they_o hope_v to_o be_v free_a from_o caesar_n cavalry_n and_o by_o keep_v the_o passage_n to_o hinder_v the_o army_n from_o follow_v after_o to_o the_o end_n they_o themselves_o may_v without_o peril_n or_o fear_n put_v their_o force_n over_o the_o river_n iberus_n which_o by_o all_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v effect_v nevertheless_o be_v weary_v with_o travail_v and_o fight_v all_o day_n they_o put_v off_o the_o business_n to_o the_o next_o morning_n caesar_n also_o encamp_v himself_o on_o the_o next_o hill_n and_o about_o midnight_n some_o of_o their_o party_n be_v go_v out_o from_o the_o camp_n somewhat_o far_o off_o to_o fetch_v water_n be_v take_v by_o the_o horseman_n by_o they_o caesar_n be_v advertise_v that_o the_o enemy_n with_o silence_n begin_v to_o remove_v and_o to_o lead_v their_o troop_n out_o of_o their_o camp_n whereupon_o he_o command_v the_o sign_n of_o rise_v to_o be_v give_v conclamari_fw-la and_o the_o cry_n dislodging_n and_o truss_v up_o their_o baggage_n to_o be_v take_v up_o according_a to_o the_o discipline_n and_o use_n of_o soldier_n the_o enemy_n hear_v the_o cry_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v impeach_v in_o the_o night_n and_o force_v to_o fight_v with_o their_o burden_n on_o their_o back_n or_o to_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o those_o straight_a passage_n by_o caesar_n horseman_n stay_v their_o journey_n and_o keep_v their_o force_n within_o their_o camp_n observation_n this_o passage_n over_o sicoris_n fustinendun_v be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n vado_fw-la per_fw-la equites_fw-la invento_fw-la pro_fw-la rei_fw-la necessitate_v opportuno_fw-it ut_fw-la brachia_n modo_fw-la atque_fw-la humeri_fw-la ad_fw-la sustinenda_fw-la arma_fw-la liberi_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la esse_fw-la possent_fw-la disposito_fw-la equitatu_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o fluminis_fw-la frangerent_fw-la incolumem_fw-la exercitum_fw-la transduxit_fw-la the_o horseman_n have_v find_v a_o ford_n indifferent_a convenient_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o necessity_n they_o be_v put_v to_o livy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o soldiery_n may_v have_v their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n at_o liberty_n aquae_fw-la and_o not_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o water_n from_o carry_v their_o weapon_n he_o so_o dispose_v his_o horse_n that_o he_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n with_o they_o and_o so_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o in_o safety_n the_o horse_n that_o stand_v above_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o those_o that_o be_v below_o take_v up_o such_o as_o be_v overcome_v with_o the_o stream_n 4._o and_o withal_o give_v courage_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o venture_v with_o better_a assurance_n see_v the_o passage_n empale_v in_o on_o each_o side_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o miscarry_v alexander_n his_o attempt_n upon_o sicoris_n to_o abate_v the_o swell_a pride_n of_o that_o river_n by_o divide_v it_o into_o many_o stream_n be_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d cyrus_n who_o take_v displeasure_n at_o the_o river_n cyndes_n next_o unto_o euphrates_n the_o great_a river_n of_o assâ—ria_n draw_v it_o into_o three_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o channel_n croesus_n not_o find_v the_o river_n halis_n passable_a by_o a_o ford_n just_a and_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o bridge_n sink_v a_o great_a trench_n behind_o the_o camp_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o so_o draw_v all_o the_o water_n behind_o his_o army_n vegetius_n have_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o pass_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n 7_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o bridge_n or_o boat_n or_o by_o wade_v or_o swim_v
desire_v to_o see_v a_o parallel_n draw_v between_o caesar_n and_o the_o other_o leader_n for_o matter_n of_o war_n it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o take_v the_o issue_n for_o a_o square_a of_o their_o direction_n civil_a be_v draw_v to_o this_o head_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v within_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o curio_n note_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o soldier_n cato_n see_v the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n say_v their_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o god_n allude_v peradventure_o to_o that_o of_o plato_n in_o his_o politic_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v age_n wherein_o the_o god_n do_v govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o there_o be_v other_o time_n wherein_o they_o altogether_o neglect_v the_o same_o the_o world_n take_v a_o course_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o god_n direct_v but_o lucan_n speak_v from_o a_o sure_a ground_n where_o he_o say_v victrix_n causa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la the_o conquer_a cause_n please_v jove_n the_o conquer_a cato_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o commentary_n the_o second_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n have_v three_o special_a part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n the_o strange_a work_n and_o extreme_a endeavour_n to_o take_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o town_n the_o second_o express_v the_o vain_a labour_n which_o pompey_n lieutenant_n undertake_v after_o that_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v defeat_v to_o keep_v the_o province_n of_o andaluzia_n out_o of_o caesar_n power_n and_o command_v and_o the_o three_o part_n consist_v of_o the_o expedition_n curio_n make_v into_o africa_n and_o end_v with_o his_o overthrow_n chap._n i._n the_o preparation_n for_o the_o siege_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o town_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o spain_n câ—sar_n c._n trebonius_n the_o legate_n be_v leave_v to_o besiege_v marseilles_n have_v begin_v in_o two_o place_n to_o raise_v mount_n to_o make_v mantelet_n and_o tower_n against_o the_o town_n one_o next_o unto_o the_o port_n where_o the_o ship_n lay_v and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o way_n lead_v from_o gallia_n and_o spain_n into_o the_o town_n just_a upon_o the_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o unto_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr for_o three_o part_n of_o marseilles_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n wash_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o give_v passage_n by_o land_n whereof_o that_o part_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o castle_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n will_v require_v a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n for_o the_o perfect_a of_o those_o work_n trebonius_n have_v command_v out_o of_o all_o the_o province_n great_a store_n of_o horse_n for_o carriage_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n require_v they_o 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sicily_n messinâ—_n before_o curio_n have_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o put_v
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that_o caesar_n give_v they_o order_n not_o to_o sling_v their_o pile_n as_o common_o they_o do_v but_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o their_o hand_n like_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o javelin_n and_o make_v only_o at_o the_o face_n of_o those_o gallant_n and_o man_n at_o arm_n on_o horseback_n for_o the_o hold_n of_o they_o in_o their_o hand_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o and_o can_v conceive_v how_o they_o can_v reach_v more_o than_o the_o next_o rank_n unto_o they_o in_o that_o manner_n but_o for_o make_v at_o the_o face_n of_o the_o cavalry_n 2._o florus_n say_v that_o caesar_n as_o he_o gallop_v up_o and_o down_o the_o rank_n be_v hear_v to_o let_v fall_v bloody_a and_o bitter_a word_n but_o very_o pathetical_a and_o effectual_a for_o a_o victory_n as_o thus_o soldier_n cast_v right_o at_o the_o face_n whereas_o pompey_n call_v to_o his_o man_n to_o spare_v their_o fellow-citizen_n eutropius_n in_o his_o epitome_n of_o suetonius_n affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o and_o lucan_n seem_v to_o aver_v the_o same_o concern_v that_o of_o caesar_n adversosque_fw-la jubetferro_fw-la contundere_fw-la vultus_fw-la 7._o he_o bid_v they_o strike_v just_a at_o the_o enemy_n face_n frontinus_n have_v it_o thus_o 7._o c._n caesar_n cum_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la pompeianis_fw-la magna_fw-la equitum_fw-la romanorum_fw-la esset_fw-la manus_fw-la eaque_fw-la armorum_fw-la scientia_fw-la milites_fw-la conficeret_fw-la ora_fw-la oculosque_fw-la eorum_fw-la gladiis_fw-la peti_fw-la jussit_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la aduersam_fw-la faciem_fw-la cedere_fw-la coegit_fw-la pompey_n have_v in_o his_o army_n a_o great_a company_n of_o roman_a knight_n who_o be_v well-skilled_a at_o their_o weapon_n make_v a_o end_n of_o their_o enemy_n caesar_n command_v his_o man_n to_o make_v at_o their_o face_n and_o eye_n and_o thereby_o compel_v they_o to_o turn_v away_o their_o face_n the_o three_o observation_n among_o these_o memorial_n crastinus_n may_v not_o be_v forget_v be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o begin_v the_o battle_n
to_o compel_v they_o chap._n vii_o a_o new_a waâ—_n raise_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o pictones_n c._n fabius_n put_v to_o flight_v the_o force_n of_o dumnacus_n subdue_v the_o carnutes_n and_o areâ—orici_n in_o the_o mean_a season_n c._n caninius_n the_o legate_n understand_v by_o the_o messenger_n and_o letter_n of_o duracius_n who_o have_v continue_v always_o firm_a to_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o enemy_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o pictones_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o city_n have_v renounce_v their_o obedience_n go_v to_o the_o town_n of_o lemovicum_fw-la when_o he_o come_v near_o the_o town_n and_o understand_v by_o his_o prisoner_n â—ow_o that_o dumnacus_n captain_n of_o the_o andes_n with_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n have_v enclose_v duracius_n and_o that_o lemovicum_fw-la be_v besiege_v he_o dare_v not_o with_o his_o weak_a legion_n adventure_v upon_o his_o enemy_n but_o pitch_v 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be_v crush_v in_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v fight_v against_o dumnacus_n for_o he_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o shall_v find_v they_o more_o tractable_a to_o deal_v with_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a overthrow_n whereas_o if_o he_o shall_v give_v they_o time_n of_o respite_n by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o say_v dumnacus_n they_o may_v be_v raise_v again_o fabius_n with_o marvellous_a good_a luck_n and_o speed_n bring_v those_o state_n to_o submission_n for_o the_o carnutes_n who_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o before_o ill-handled_n by_o we_o yet_o will_v never_o listen_v to_o peace_n now_o give_v hostage_n and_o come_v into_o subjection_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o state_n situate_v in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o gallia_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v armoricae_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o carnutes_n at_o the_o come_n of_o fabius_n with_o his_o legion_n among_o they_o perform_v his_o commandment_n without_o delay_n dumnacus_n thus_o drive_v out_o of_o 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may_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o next_o most_o sufficient_a man_n both_o because_o of_o their_o nearness_n unto_o danger_n as_o also_o that_o if_o their_o leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o shall_v either_o be_v slay_v or_o disable_v by_o wound_n they_o may_v present_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n and_o make_v they_o good_a there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a decorum_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o middleman_n rank_n or_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n both_o for_o the_o man_n themselves_o and_o their_o arm_n that_o in_o our_o march_n when_o the_o middleman_n or_o six_o rank_n shall_v be_v call_v up_o to_o front_n with_o their_o leader_n they_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n and_o proportion_n answer_v their_o place_n as_o also_o when_o we_o double_v our_o front_n by_o call_v up_o middleman_n to_o fight_v in_o a_o great_a breadth_n they_o may_v not_o be_v unsuitable_a but_o especial_o in_o march_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a resistance_n when_o they_o shall_v become_v the_o 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into_o file_n and_o rank_n rank_n and_o each_o file_n and_o rank_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o experience_n right_o advance_v it_o follow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o just_a distance_n proportion_v between_o either_o that_o at_o all_o time_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o may_v be_v find_v ready_a and_o in_o comely_a fashion_n either_o to_o offend_v their_o enemy_n or_o defend_v themselves_o these_o distance_n which_o every_o follower_n must_v observe_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o leader_n and_o every_o leader_n and_o follower_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sideman_n may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o three_o several_a order_n as_o follow_v the_o first_o be_v call_v open_a order_n order_n the_o distance_n whereof_o be_v twelve_o foot_n between_o every_o follower_n and_o his_o leader_n or_o between_o every_o rank_n and_o six_o foot_n between_o they_o and_o the_o sideman_n or_o between_o every_o file_n this_o order_n be_v common_o use_v upon_o march_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v know_v 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rank_n the_o three_o and_o last_o order_n pouldron_n be_v when_o either_o we_o attend_v the_o enemy_n his_o present_a assault_n or_o that_o we_o intend_v to_o charge_v he_o upon_o our_o secure_a and_o best_a distance_n when_o every_o follower_n stand_v three_o foot_n or_o his_o rapier_n length_n behind_o his_o leader_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o sideman_n or_o file_n or_o when_o every_o soldier_n occupy_v but_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a for_o his_o own_o station_n join_v pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n or_o target_n to_o target_n this_o differ_v from_o constipatus_fw-la ordo_fw-la because_o that_o allow_v but_o one_o cubit_n for_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o this_o close_a order_n allow_v one_o cubit_n in_o the_o file_n but_o two_o in_o the_o rank_n this_o distance_n do_v agree_v also_o best_o with_o the_o length_n of_o our_o pile_n of_o 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n long_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a oftentimes_o that_o the_o battallion_n consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n there_o shall_v not_o charge_v more_o at_o one_o time_n then_o the_o 5_o foremost_a so_o that_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n may_v be_v three_o foot_n over_o the_o foremost_a shoulder_n and_o the_o other_o five_o rank_n shall_v in_o this_o close_a order_n or_o near_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a follow_v the_o other_o charge_v with_o their_o pike_n advance_v until_o some_o occasion_n shall_v require_v their_o charge_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o shall_v perform_v their_o duty_n in_o keep_v the_o five_o foremost_a rank_n from_o retire_v and_o beside_o add_v strength_n unto_o the_o charge_n or_o shock_n the_o manner_n of_o exercise_v of_o compose_a battallion_n with_o their_o different_a motion_n the_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v thus_o understand_v dispose_v and_o order_v and_o all_o part_n and_o member_n of_o the_o battallion_n be_v join_v in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o distance_n able_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v alter_v upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n as_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n into_o several_a and_o divers_a posture_n and_o to_o make_v resistance_n unto_o what_o force_n soever_o shall_v oppugn_v the_o same_o it_o may_v be_v think_v needless_a to_o have_v make_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o member_n so_o exact_a unless_o by_o continual_a practice_n and_o exercise_n they_o may_v be_v make_v nimble_a and_o ready_a not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o whole_a body_n on_o all_o side_n but_o also_o to_o be_v able_a to_o offend_v whensoever_o they_o shall_v espy_v the_o least_o occasion_n of_o advantage_n the_o term_n of_o direction_n or_o command_n which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o this_o modern_a discipline_n of_o martial_a exercise_n as_o they_o be_v not_o many_o only_o answer_v to_o the_o different_a posture_n which_o be_v require_v in_o the_o battallion_n so_o they_o be_v and_o must_v be_v short_a and_o perspicuous_o plain_a that_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v sudden_o utter_v easy_o apprehend_v and_o understand_v 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in_o the_o rear_n who_o as_o in_o his_o proper_a place_n see_v all_o thing_n execute_v according_o as_o the_o captain_n shall_v command_v it_o shall_v be_v unpossible_a to_o perform_v any_o thing_n herein_o unless_o first_o every_o one_o do_v exact_o observe_v his_o leader_n and_o his_o sideman_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v often_o command_v keep_v your_o file_n keep_v your_o rank_n of_o march_n in_o champain_n there_o need_v no_o great_a labour_n to_o marshal_v particular_a troop_n for_o their_o after-marche_n champain_n because_o they_o may_v march_v either_o by_o whole_a division_n observe_v only_o their_o course_n of_o indifferency_n that_o every_o division_n may_v every_o three_o day_n have_v the_o vanguard_n or_o else_o in_o such_o form_n and_o fashion_n as_o the_o general_n have_v propose_v for_o a_o day_n of_o battle_n according_a as_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o expect_a enemy_n shall_v give_v occasion_n but_o because_o all_o country_n will_v not_o afford_v a_o 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