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hand_n	file_n	right_a	turn_v	8,043	5	9.0512	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A96634	The remaining medical works of that famous and renowned physician Dr. Thomas Willis ... Viz I. Of fermentation, II. Of feavours, III. Of urines, IV. Of the ascension of the bloud, V. Of musculary motion, VI. Of the anatomy of the brain, VII. Of the description and uses of the nerves, VIII. Of convulsive diseases : the first part, though last published, with large alphabetical tables for the whole, and an index ... : with eighteen copper plates / Englished by S.P. esq.	Willis, Thomas, 1621-1675.; Loggan, David, 1635-1700?	1681 (1681)	Wing W2855A; ESTC R42846	794,310	545

readily thrust out of the little spaces of the Menstruum and descend to the bottom We will in this place more sparingly insist upon instances of this nature because the more full handling of them belongs to the Chymical Work Precipitation is not only observed in the separation of a more thick matter from a serous latex and in the settling of the disturbed parts towards the bottom but somtimes the Particles shut up within the pores and passages of the Liquor are so small and subtil that being Precipitated they are not discerned by the sight neither do they quickly descend to the bottom but from their situation and position being variously changed the colour and consistency of the Liquor are diversly altered I was wont in times past to sport with the solutions of Vegetables and Minerals which being made by themselves were clear like Spring water and appeared bright being commixed shewed now a Black colour now a Milky Red Green Blue or some other kind The solution of Saturn or Lead being made with distilled Vinegar appears bright like common water if you add to this Oil of Tartar like clear water the mixture straight grows White like Milk If Antimony calcined with Nitre be boiled in Spring water the straining seems clear and almost without smell which yet being dashed by any Acid thing presently acquires a deep yellow colour with a most wicked stink Common water being imbued by an infusion of Mercury Sublimate is presently tinged with yellowness by Oyl of Tartar dropped into it Quicksilver and Sal Armoniack being beaten together and Sublimated in a Matrace by the heat of Sand go into a white powder this being soluted by melting shows like to clear Spring water which yet being smeared upon Brass or Copper appears like Silver and being lightly rubbed on brasen Vessels renders them as if they were perfectly silvered A solution of Calcined Tin being put to melted Salt of Tartar becomes bluish A clear infusion of Galls being mixt with a solution of Vitriol makes Ink if you add to this Spirit of Vitriol or Stygian water the black Liquor is by and by made clear like Spring water and this Oil of Tartar reduces again to Ink. And what is more wonderful if you write on Paper with the clear infusion of Vitriol and frame any Letters what you so write presently vanishes nor is there any marks of the Characters left but if you smear over the Paper with an infusion of Galls presently the Letters may be read as if wrote with Ink which yet with a Pen run over dipt in Spirit of Vitriol you may put quite out at once wetting and then again render them with wetting them with another Liquor of Tartar The Sky-colour Tincture of Violets being dashed with Oil of Vitriol becomes of a Purple colour to which if you add some drops of the Spirit of Harts Horn that Purple colour is changed into Green Brasil Wood being infused in common water leaves a very pleasant Tincture like to Claret Wine if you pour to this a little distilled Vinegar the Liquor appears clear like White Wine a few drops of Oil of Tartar reduces it to a deep Purple colour then if the Spirit of Vitriol be poured in it becomes of a pale yellow like to Sack if you add the Salt of Lead being soluted by deliquation the mixture grows presently Milky by this means you may imitate that famous Water-drinker who having swallowed down a great deal of Spring water was wont to vomit forth into Glasses placed before him diversly coloured Liquors resembling the ideas of divers kinds of Wines for Glasses being medicated with the aforesaid Tinctures so lightly that they may not be perceived by the standers by will not only cause the water poured into them to imitate every Wine but will exhibit the very Proteus himself of the Poets changed into waters and from thence putting on all colours and infinite forms If a Reason of these kind of appearances be asked it ought to be fought in the minute Particles contained within the pores of every Liquor which as to their site and position being diversly altered by another Liquor infused transmit variously the Rays of Light many ways break or reflect them and so make divers appearances of colours For when the Rays of Light pass through almost in right Lines they make a clear colour like Spring water but it in their passage they be a little broken the Liquor grows yellowish but being more refracted they cause a red colour if they are bowed back so as to be drained or that they cannot shew themselves a dark or black colour arises but if they are again reflected to the outmost Superficies of the Liquor they create the image of Whiteness after this manner we might variously Philosophise about other colours and their appearances the diversity of which and sudden alterations in Liquids depend chiefly on Precipitation because as the Particles conteined in the Liquor are driven somtimes more near by another infusion that they clasp themselves together somtimes are ordered into other series of positions the diverse representation of colours is made For Liquor being impregnated with little Bodies or Atoms or this Nature most minutely broken seems as an Army of Soldiers placed in their Ranks who now draw into close Order now open their Files and Ranks now turn to the left now to the right hand as is diversly shown in the exercising of Tacticks or the Art Military When two clear Liquors being mixed together shall make Ink it is because the Particles conteined in either approach near one another and as it were placed in their close Orders hinder the passage of the beams of light when afterwards this Ink is made clear by another Liquor poured in it is because the new Bodies of the thing put in disperse abroad the former close joyned Particles and drive them as it were into their open Orders CHAP. XII Of the motion of Fermentation as it is to be observed in the Coagulation and the Congelation of Bodies COagulation and Congelation of Natural Bodies no less than their Solution depend only on these our Principles The improportionate mixture of these and the exaltation and powerfulness of some above others are the cause of either Spirit and Sulphur being loosned from the bond do not only pull assunder the proper Subjects but they set upon whatever is next them and where they are mighty in number and strength they affect nothing more than divorces and separations from the rest of the Principles and suffer no delay but on the contrary Salts love to be united to the rest and to be made into hard and solid substances and being destitute of the Company of the rest presently to enter into new Friendships and desire only not to be joyned to any opposite If at any time they are more impetuously moved either by their own disposition or being soluted they destroy the substance of others this thing seems to be done for this end

all the Mesentetick infoldings by the passage of the nerves sent from the intercostal pair where being heaped up to a fulness as it were in so many Store-houses or places of Receipt they are kept to be distributed from thence into several parts as occasion requires But that the Spirits flow out of these infoldings not through singular and larger branches as is done in the Muscles but as it were by Troops of Fibres into their proper tasks the reason is because here the business is performed otherwise than in the musculous stock For where a Muscle is fixed to the part to be moved it s implanted Fibres perform the whole work of Contraction or of the motive endeavour but it suffices for the nerve still to convey new supplements of Spirits and as occasion serves the Instincts of the Motion to be performed but in the Membranes and the Viscera where Muscles are wanting the nervous Fibres themselves most thickly implanted and distributed as it were so many little ropes almost into every part of the subject perform the business of Traction or drawing by themselves and their own proper endeavour or force partly and partly solicite or stir up into motion the Fibres implanted in the Viscera disposed after an uncertain order which they determinate in their action and moderate or govern them as it were so many fingers laid upon the strings of a musical Instrument For although the Membranes and the Viscera themselves are indued with some implanted Fibres yet these are not as it is in the Muscles of one kind and position but in the same part some are straight and others oblique or crooked these tend upwards those downwards and others are carried round so that divers sorts of motions ought to be performed in the same Membrane or Inward sometimes together sometimes successively or by turns wherefore distinct nerves are required not only for the several series of Fibres but for all the parts of the subject to wit which may stop here a motion begun in that place and may begin another anew or may unite one with another Truly the motion which is performed in the musculous stock seems like the rude and more simple work of some Weaver where the shuttle being always cast after the same manner the Woof is laid under the Thread or Yarn but the motions of the Intestines and Viscera may be aptly compared to a Texture very much variegated or flourished for the weaving of whos 's more artificial substance or making there is made use of many hands together or of a Machine diversly turning about and furnished with more than a thousand sorts of motions Concerning the many Mesenterick Nerves and Shoots and nervous Fibres which go out of them by bands we must consider chiefly these two things to wit what may be the office of each of them for the stirring up of motion or sense either of them or both together in any part then secondly what the communication of either of them may be with other nerves infoldings or bundles of nerves by reason of which a Sympathy or consent of actions arises at once in divers parts According to these two respects we will particularly weigh now the several nervous Vessels belonging to the Viscera of the lower Belly Therefore in the left side the supreme Mesenterick branch being presently forked like the figure of the Letter Y contains in its upper shoot the Stomachical infolding which is also the Splenetick and in the other lower the Renal infolding or that belonging to the Reins Moreover about the knot of division it sends forth some shoots to the greatest infolding of the Mesentery Fig. 11. F. G. Hence a reason is plain wherefore there happens such affinity between the Ventricle and the Spleen and between the Mesentery and the Reins so that the very often and familiar Symptom of Vomiting is both in Splenetick Colical and Nephritick people because when a Convulsion is begun in any part or Inward which the Mesenterick nerve respects presently other parts to which the infoldings or shoots of the same nerve belong are drawn into consent From this lower infolding a little bundle of Nerves being carried towards the Stomach inserts its Fibres partly in its bottom and partly sends them to meet with other Fibres sent down from the nerve of the Stomach Fig. 11. n. The reason of the former is That whereas there are many Coats of the Ventricle and divers series of Fibres are disposed in them for the actuating all of which with a due influx of animal Spirits the Stomachical nerves derived from the wandring pair are not sufficient it was fit that for the outward Court as it were or Precinct of this Inward to wit for the outmost bottom of it some forces of Spirits might be supplied from some strange Kingdom to wit from the aforesaid nervous infolding of the Abdomen Instead of this Spirits also may slide downwards from the same Stomachical branch through other Fibres sent down and be sent into this Splenetick infolding Besides also it is observed That the adventitious nerves aptly conspire with the former being of the proper dominion of the Ventricle and that either are not only inoculated within the confines of the Inward it self but they run into mutual embraces without it and as it were joyn hands together It seems plain that the nervous Filaments being carried from the aforesaid infolding to the bottom of the Ventricle may serve there for the performing the acts of Motion and Sensation but it doth not so easily appear with what office the other handful of Fibres reaching out from hence into the Spleen is charged Fig. 11. ζ. because this Inward is said to be destitute wholly of every animal Faculty When we did elsewhere inquire into the use of the Spleen we thought good to affirm That its office was to separate the dregs of the Blood and the acid-saline Particles and whatsoever were of a more fixed nature and to concoct them more being received into its own bosom and to convert them into an acid Ferment by which being again delivered to the blood through the Veins a sharpness and an asperity as also an active or fermentative virtue are gotten for its Latex Wherefore the whole substance of the Spleen consists of a texture of Fibres in the form of a net to wit that the Feculencies of the blood might be more plentifully received and contained within its spongy cavities and thick passages I say therefore that for the fit preserving and dispensing of the Splenetick Ferment besides the Arteries which carry matter and the Veins which continually sup back some portion of the same fermented there seems to be need of many nerves also which both by pulling the fibrous texture of the Spleen might cause the melancholick and dark Faeces laid up in it to be shaken together and so by defending it from putrefaction and coagulation cause it to be imbued with an acid and fermentative nature and also that those nerves

and folded into fewer folds from whence we suspected that the Animal Spirits were not plentifully enough brought forth Further the whole substance of the head was more moist than it ought to be and wholly immersed in a wet watery humour that its Covering viz. the whole meninges were pulled asunder and the compassing or crevices and all the ventricles run over with clear water 'T is probable that this deluge of the Brain had lately hapned to wit forasmuch as by reason perspiration being hindred and the Secretion of urine being but little the serosities gathered together in the bloody mass were carried to the head and therefore the substance of the Brain and especially the chancelled or chequer'd bodies were so wholly wetted and soked that being cut their substance could scarce remain compacted but that it would flow away somewhat after the manner of thick Liquids within the bosoms overlying and inserted to the brain and its Appendix and the vessells coming from them the blood had concreted into little round hard and as it were fleshy balls just like those within the ventricles of the heart and the vessells hanging to them which also lately when the Bloud circulated slowly we thought might happen for the same reason for which the blood was coagulated within the Praecordia The trunk of the Spinal marrow being drowned in clear water was very much extenuated that it could scarce fill half of the bony cavity or hollowness which we thought to be effected by the deluge of salt Serum in which it was as it were boyled The Nature and the manner of the continued convulsive distemper being made So much concerning universal Convulsions which being very much conjoyned with the Paralytick Distemper are excited dividedly in many parts at once There remains others which we call'd continued because being suddenly translated from some parts to others they mutually relieve one another and compell the members now these now those and often the whole body to be involuntarily moved and diversly bended or agitated In these Cases the Animal Spirits not only those implanted in private corners and mines get to themselves an explosive Copula and being some how satisfied or irritated strike it off by certain turns but when the whole mass of the nervous Liquor abundantly abounds with elastick particles they then every where cleaving to both the Spirits implanted and flowing in for that reason stir them up into Continuall Convulsions But forasmuch as not all the Spirits at once are not able however predisposed to be exploded because within the nervous passages there is not room large enough for their so great agitations therefore the explosive force arising in these or those parts is by and by transfer'd from thence unto others and so to others and so like fire-draks or wild-fire it runs wandringly here and there most swiftly creeping from these Limbs to those and then presently from all into the Praecordia or Viscera and back again That the Image of those kinde of distempers may be known we will here propose some more rare Cases of sick persons whom sometime past I endeavoured to Cure Observation 1 A very fine and religious maid tall and slender begot of a Father sickly and obnoxious to most grievous Distempers of the nervous kinde about the 20th year of her Age was afflicted for many days with an head-ach very Cruell and periodical at length at the time of the winter folstice 1656. the pain of her head ceased but instead of it a mighty Catarrh followed with a thin and Copious spitting also an ulcerous distemper of the nose and throat when she had for some time endured this trouble at length by the prescript of a certain Woman receiving the fume of Amber by a tunnell into her mouth she was suddenly cured to wit the Catarrh or violent Rhume ceas'd suddenly but from thence she complained of a notable Vertigo with a pain in the head and of the tingling noise of the ears on the Third day the tendons of the hinder part of her neck were pulled together that her head was bended now forward now backward and now of one side sometime it continued stiff and unmoveable a little after this the same kinde of Convulsive Distemper invaded the outward members and Limbs of the whole body her arms and hands were wonderfully turned about that no jugler or tumbler could imitate their bendings and rollings about she was necessitated to spread abroad her leggs and feet here and there to strike them against one another and to transpose or cross them by turns After this manner either sitting in a Chair or lying in a Bed she was perpetually afflicted with these Convulsive motions unless when overwhelmed with sleep and when she did a little restrain her members from the great labour of the Muscles presently she was taken with a difficult and short-breathing with a sense of Choaking but in the mean time her eyes jaws mouth and lower bowells remained free from any Convulsion neither was she troubled with vomiting belching nor any inflation of the belly and hypochondria Besides she was still her self and had truly the use of her memory understanding and phantasie she did nor said any thing madly or foolishly but in these wonderfull evills she shew●d an admirable example of Christian fortitude and patienee even with godly and discreet speeches her appetite was soon lost so that she took any meat or aliment very unwillingly thirst continually troubled her and her strength was grown so feeble that she could not stand or walk her urine was of a Citron colour very full of saltness on whose superficies grew little tararous skins When I was sent for to this Gentlewoman on the Sixth day of her sickness I framed the Aetiology of this kinde of admirable distemper For the consideration of her father who at that time was sick in the same house with most grievous Convulsive passions kept me that I did not with many others refer all things to the delusions of witches wherefore that I might seek out the natural Causes of these Symptoms it was in the first place plainly to be suspected that this Gentlewoman had contracted hereditarily the seeds of Convulsive Distempers which at length about the flower of her age broke forth into this kinde of fruit for when her blood was very much imbued with heterogeneous and explosive particles they at length as is wont in such a disposition began to be poured into the head and there to be fixed being therefore first deposited in the Meningae they induced the huge periodicall head-ach then afterwards the same matter having accidentally shifted its place falling down into the sinks of the throat and mouth changed the Cephalage or head-ach into a Catarrh or Rhume and when lastly by an untimely use of the administred Remedy the defluxion stop'd the morbifick matter flowing back into the brain brought the Vertigo and then being thrust forth on the nervous stock it excited the aforesaid Convulsive Affections As to