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away_o before_o they_o can_v have_v march_v over_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o then_o habitable_a world_n but_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o believe_v that_o either_o of_o they_o say_v so_o for_o true_a history_n if_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o history_n assure_v we_o that_o both_o of_o they_o have_v army_n which_o far_o exceed_v that_o number_n at_o arbelâ—_n alexander_n have_v more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o a_o macedonian_a army_n and_o yet_o hold_a aelian_o number_n do_v noâ—_n always_o hold_a at_o that_o same_o time_n when_o he_o fear_v to_o be_v surround_v i_o suppose_v he_o wish_v his_o force_n to_o be_v more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v neither_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o his_o father_n philip_n who_o be_v the_o framer_n of_o the_o phalanx_n do_v keep_v himself_o precise_o within_o that_o number_n for_o at_o cherâ—nea_n where_o he_o rout_v the_o confederated_a greek_n he_o exceed_v
a_o regiment_n marshal_v in_o one_o division_n order_n the_o colonel_n company_n to_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o to_o that_o the_o major_n three_o the_o second_o captain_n fourthly_a the_o four_o captain_n five_o the_o six_o captain_n six_o the_o seven_o captain_n seventh_o the_o five_o captain_n eight_o the_o three_o captain_n ninth_o the_o old_a captain_n and_o last_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n company_n i_o know_v some_o will_v have_v the_o major_n company_n to_o be_v where_o i_o have_v place_v the_o young_a captain_n because_o they_o think_v next_o to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o middle_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n but_o if_o they_o take_v heed_n they_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o a_o middle_a company_n as_o with_o a_o middle_a man_n in_o a_o file_n who_o upon_o double_v the_o front_n by_o half_a file_n become_v a_o leader_n beside_o no_o company_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o regiment_n unless_o the_o regiment_n consist_v of_o odd_a company_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v practise_v for_o draw_v up_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o one_o front_n the_o six_o company_n which_o be_v account_v the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n be_v not_o so_o for_o it_o have_v five_o company_n on_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o but_o four_o on_o its_o left_a now_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o reason_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o the_o company_n in_o that_o order_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v be_v this_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o the_o van_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a place_n and_o next_o to_o it_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o rear_v now_o the_o honour_n come_v from_o danger_n which_o be_v for_o most_o part_n expect_v from_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n and_o hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o near_a a_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n be_v the_o danger_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v and_o therefore_o the_o near_a they_o be_v to_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n the_o more_o honourable_a place_n they_o have_v if_o then_o the_o regiment_n be_v attack_v in_o the_o van_n where_o most_o danger_n be_v expect_v the_o major_n company_n be_v by_o much_o near_o the_o danger_n when_o it_o be_v marshal_v next_o to_o the_o colonel_n than_o if_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o more_o honourable_a place_n by_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o old_a captain_n be_v to_o be_v near_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n who_o have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o honour_n for_o if_o the_o rear_n be_v attack_v the_o lieutenant_n colonel_n be_v near_a the_o danger_n and_o next_o he_o the_o first_o captain_n by_o this_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n the_o second_o captain_n be_v next_o to_o the_o major_n it_o be_v fit_a since_o the_o first_o captain_n have_v the_o second_o place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n in_o the_o van._n and_o if_o this_o rule_n hold_v as_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v the_o three_o captain_n company_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o old_a captain_n right_a hand_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n as_o the_o second_o captain_n have_v the_o three_o place_n from_o the_o van._n and_o to_o make_v short_a i_o place_v the_o four_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n in_o the_o four_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o van_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n in_o the_o five_o place_n from_o the_o rear_n now_o because_o a_o enemy_n be_v soon_o expect_v in_o the_o van_n than_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o van_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o i_o marshal_v the_o last_o captain_n in_o or_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o be_v further_a from_o danger_n either_o in_o van_n or_o rear_n he_o obtain_v the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n for_o though_o all_o place_n be_v honourable_a yet_o some_o be_v more_o honourable_a than_o other_o i_o marshal_v then_o a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n thus_o batallion_n order_n of_o a_o regiment_n in_o one_o batallion_n colonel_n major_n second_o captain_n four_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n five_o captain_n three_o captain_n first_o captain_n lieutenant-colonel_n the_o company_n stand_v in_o this_o order_n the_o major_n will_v have_v but_o little_a trouble_n body_n how_o to_o put_v they_o in_o one_o body_n to_o body_n they_o one_o of_o two_o way_n first_o he_o may_v command_v all_o the_o pike_n to_o advance_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o pace_n and_o there_o join_v they_o then_o let_v he_o cause_v the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o right_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o march_v up_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o so_o his_o work_n be_v do_v second_o if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o that_o he_o stand_v on_o he_o be_v to_o command_v the_o pikeman_n to_o march_v through_o the_o file_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n by_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o meet_v in_o one_o body_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o musqueteer_n be_v likewise_o order_v to_o march_v by_o both_o hand_n to_o their_o due_a distance_n so_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o chorean_a countermarch_v of_o file_n this_o may_v be_v do_v with_o much_o ease_n and_o a_o few_o word_n if_o the_o major_n please_v but_o some_o have_v the_o vanity_n to_o make_v themselves_o and_o their_o soldier_n more_o business_n than_o they_o need_v by_o cry_v this_o and_o that_o ride_v here_o and_o there_o make_v work_n to_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o sport_n to_o the_o beholder_n if_o the_o major_n be_v order_v to_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n in_o two_o division_n he_o may_v do_v batallion_n to_o marshal_v a_o regiment_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o batallion_n it_o thus_o the_o colonel_n company_n be_v to_o have_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o division_n he_o ought_v to_o place_v the_o other_o company_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o these_o be_v the_o major_n company_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o first_o captain_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n the_o second_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o colonel_n in_o the_o first_o division_n the_o three_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o four_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o major_a in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o five_o captain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o old_a captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o six_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o second_o captain_n in_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o captain_n next_o to_o the_o three_o captain_n in_o the_o second_o division_n the_o ten_o company_n of_o a_o regiment_n then_o draw_v up_o in_o two_o distinct_a batallion_n be_v in_o this_o order_n division_n order_n of_o ten_o company_n in_o two_o division_n first_o division_n second_o division_n colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n second_o captain_n three_o captain_n six_o captain_n seven_o captain_n four_o captain_n five_o captain_n major_n first_o captain_n my_o reason_n for_o this_o be_v because_o the_o regiment_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o body_n or_o batallion_n the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o two_o vans_n and_o those_o that_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o reer_n be_v next_o in_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o be_v near_a to_o the_o two_o vans_n for_o this_o reason_n i_o place_v the_o six_o captain_n just_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o order_n reason_n for_o that_o order_n first_o division_n as_o further_a from_o danger_n of_o either_o van_n or_o rear_n of_o that_o division_n have_v two_o company_n before_o he_o and_o two_o behind_o he_o or_o two_o on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o and_o i_o place_v the_o last_o captain_n company_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o second_o division_n as_o the_o place_n of_o least_o dignity_n and_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o all_o other_o captain_n have_v the_o precedency_n of_o he_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o division_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o several_a batallion_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n of_o the_o five_o company_n of_o each_o body_n equal_o divide_v on_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v do_v in_o that_o same_o way_n as_o when_o the_o regiment_n
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o four_o part_n or_o body_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v square_a the_o manner_n be_v this_o way_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n marshal_v a_o three_o way_n suppose_v one_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o man_n as_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o he_o have_v many_o weak_a whereof_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o hundred_o be_v pikeman_n the_o pike_n advance_v twenty_o pace_n before_o the_o two_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o immediate_o join_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a place_n the_o pikeman_n have_v possess_v then_o be_v the_o pike_n divide_v into_o three_o equal_a body_n two_o hundred_o to_o each_o batallion_n the_o middle_a body_n whereof_o advance_v before_o the_o other_o two_o so_o far_o that_o its_o rear_n may_v be_v about_o ten_o pace_n before_o the_o van_n of_o the_o other_o two_o the_o two_o body_n of_o pike_n that_o stay_v behind_o be_v order_v to_o open_v a_o little_a to_o both_o hand_n and_o then_o stand_v still_o all_o front_a one_o way_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fireman_n fight_v thus_o in_o small_a body_n each_o of_o they_o not_o above_o five_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o these_o for_o most_o part_n but_o three_o deep_a so_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o near_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v on_o service_n the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v secure_o shelter_v behind_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o pikeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a these_o pike_n have_v field_n piece_n with_o they_o which_o fire_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o can_v as_o well_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n this_o continue_a till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o both_o party_n stay_v so_o long_o as_o seldom_o they_o do_v and_o then_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v order_v to_o do_v and_o the_o order_n do_v depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n which_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v then_o see_v so_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v for_o they_o in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v squad_n or_o in_o full_a battle_n that_o be_v the_o regiment_n all_o in_o one_o front_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v your_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n they_o march_v in_o a_o more_o comely_a order_n and_o straggle_v far_o less_o than_o when_o they_o march_v few_o in_o breast_n and_o in_o a_o long_a row_n the_o major_n appoint_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o lead_v division_n and_o sergeant_n to_o attend_v the_o flank_n every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o never_o think_v it_o convenient_a much_o less_o necessary_a that_o every_o small_a division_n of_o a_o regiment_n shall_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o since_o he_o must_v be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o commission_v officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o division_n shall_v be_v for_o first_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o strong_a there_o be_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o six_o file_n and_o admit_v 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and_o thirteen_o rider_n as_o thus_o first_o one_o behind_z him_z three_z behind_o they_o five_o behind_o they_o seven_o then_o nine_o then_o eleven_o than_o thirteen_o and_o in_o the_o eight_o rank_a place_n fifteen_o from_o that_o rank_n your_o number_n decrease_v for_o next_o to_o fifteen_o you_o be_v to_o place_v thirteen_o behind_o they_o eleven_o than_o nine_o then_o seven_o then_o five_o then_z three_z and_o last_o one_o this_o be_v also_o a_o thessalian_a rhombus_fw-la of_o horse_n a_o figure_n whereof_o aelian_a bestow_v upon_o we_o this_o troop_n i_o conceive_v be_v at_o open_a order_n for_o it_o be_v very_o requisite_a it_o shall_v be_v so_o can_v upon_o a_o occasion_n front_v any_o way_n without_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n by_o a_o half_a turn_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o to_o the_o rear_n by_o two_o half_a turn_n and_o immediate_o thereafter_o serr_v together_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n this_o figure_n of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la 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to_o it_o after_o he_o have_v rout_v their_o confederate_n the_o athenian_n choose_v out_o a_o parcel_n of_o his_o gallant_a foot_n cast_v they_o in_o a_o wedge_n and_o break_v so_o forcible_o in_o upon_o their_o batallion_n that_o he_o pierce_v it_o and_o after_o brave_a resistance_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o field_n but_o this_o prove_v his_o last_o action_n for_o in_o it_o he_o receive_v so_o many_o mortal_a wound_n that_o he_o die_v of_o they_o before_o the_o next_o day_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o wedge_n battle_n in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n neither_o it_o nor_o the_o rhombus_fw-la have_v be_v hear_v of_o in_o the_o world_n in_o many_o age_n since_o those_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o great_a alexander_n permit_v his_o thessalian_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la at_o arbela_n because_o almost_o half_a of_o their_o great_a rhombus_fw-la might_n face_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o prevent_v surround_v by_o darius_n his_o numerous_a force_n it_o be_v also_o like_a that_o his_o macedonian_a horse_n may_v have_v keep_v the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n both_o at_o issus_n and_o arbela_n and_o i_o find_v that_o his_o great_a captain_n who_o after_o his_o death_n share_v his_o vast_a conquest_n among_o themselves_o use_v it_o frequent_o but_o i_o believe_v likewise_o that_o both_o he_o and_o they_o and_o other_o grecian_n and_o asian_o too_o make_v use_v of_o the_o square_a battle_n the_o square_a form_n of_o embattel_v be_v most_o common_o use_v by_o the_o grecian_n square_n the_o three_o be_v the_o square_n in_o marshal_v their_o infantry_n and_o most_o of_o they_o use_v it_o in_o order_v their_o cavalry_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o equilateral_a square_n but_o a_o oblong_a one_o such_o as_o we_o use_v in_o our_o modern_a war_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o ancient_n several_a time_n use_v equilateral_a square_a form_n of_o their_o batallion_n as_o when_o they_o make_v their_o rank_n 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these_o four_o rank_n there_o be_v but_o sixteen_o rider_n oppose_v a_o square_n battle_v troop_n of_o sixty_o and_o marshal_v it_o in_o a_o oblong_a fifteen_o in_o rank_n and_o four_o in_o file_n you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o sixteen_o rider_n in_o the_o four_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o wedge_n must_v fight_v with_o all_o the_o sixty_o of_o the_o square_a troop_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a odds_o and_o as_o much_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la but_o aelian_a do_v not_o at_o all_o tell_v we_o how_o deep_a the_o grecian_a square_a battle_n of_o horse_n be_v this_o be_v a_o great_a neglect_n for_o thereby_o we_o may_v have_v know_v how_o many_o of_o file_n aelian_a speakâ—_n nothing_o of_o the_o deepness_n of_o horse_n file_n the_o rank_n can_v have_v reach_v a_o enemy_n with_o their_o lance_n and_o whether_o the_o rest_n behind_o serve_v only_o to_o bear_v forward_o those_o before_o as_o the_o ten_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n do_v to_o the_o six_o foremost_a yet_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v conjecture_v by_o some_o of_o his_o figure_n he_o seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o his_o countryman_n order_v their_o horse_n to_o be_v half_a as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o they_o be_v in_o rank_n his_o figure_n of_o that_o phalanx_n which_o he_o call_v quadrata_n of_o fifty_o horse_n have_v ten_o in_o rank_n and_o five_o in_o file_n this_o manner_n of_o battle_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v call_v by_o the_o square_a root_n man_n a_o double_v batallion_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o which_o and_o how_o it_o be_v do_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o believe_v that_o all_o grecian_a troop_n be_v marshal_v so_o neither_o indeed_o do_v aelian_a aver_v it_o i_o know_v not_o then_o why_o i_o may_v not_o imagine_v
body_n in_o the_o field_n as_o they_o be_v by_o he_o in_o paper_n when_o the_o phalanx_n present_v their_o pike_n by_o half_a file_n to_o front_n and_o rear_n the_o greek_n call_v it_o in_o that_o posture_n amphistomus_fw-la when_o the_o general_n command_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o advance_v and_o the_o body_n to_o make_v a_o bow_n or_o crescent_n and_o in_o that_o posture_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o wedge_n battle_n than_o it_o be_v call_v antistomus_n and_o when_o by_o face_v either_o by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o the_o rear_n be_v make_v the_o front_n than_o the_o phalange_n be_v call_v peristomus_fw-la and_o so_o of_o other_o needless_a to_o rehearse_v it_o may_v be_v i_o mistake_v in_o the_o greek_a name_n as_o have_v indeed_o but_o very_o little_a knowledge_n in_o that_o language_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n all_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o none_o will_v doubt_v but_o the_o grecian_n have_v set_v rule_n and_o order_n for_o they_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v but_o according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n and_o emergency_n of_o affair_n on_o which_o depend_v most_o of_o military_a action_n aelian_a give_v we_o little_a light_n or_o indeed_o none_o at_o all_o in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n aelian_a most_o of_o they_o forget_v by_o aelian_a but_o leave_v we_o to_o glean_v what_o we_o can_v out_o of_o history_n and_o thereon_o to_o build_v our_o own_o conjecture_n it_o have_v be_v convenient_a for_o we_o to_o have_v know_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o march_v where_o or_o how_o the_o horse_n the_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v and_o how_o far_o every_o day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o march_v as_o also_o whether_o the_o chiliarchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o hipparchy_n which_o be_v regiment_n of_o march_n march_n horse_n 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day_n three_o hundred_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n which_o make_v thirty_o seven_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a you_o will_v think_v this_o the_o more_o incredible_a when_o you_o hear_v immediate_o what_o baggage_n they_o carry_v concern_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o grecian_a army_n our_o author_n give_v we_o this_o account_n first_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o appoint_v a_o judicious_a and_o active_a person_n to_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o it_o he_o say_v well_o next_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o baggage_n march_v in_o the_o van_n of_o the_o army_n and_o so_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v if_o the_o baggage_n baggage_n enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n when_o the_o army_n advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n and_o good_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o sometime_o say_v he_o it_o march_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o there_o may_v be_v strong_a enough_o reason_n for_o that_o too_o but_o sometime_o he_o say_v 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he_o speak_v there_o of_o macedonian_a and_o persian_a warrior_n and_o be_v confute_v calisthenes_n his_o history_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o issus_n between_o alexander_n and_o daâ—ius_n as_o i_o note_v before_o achilles_n terduzzi_n imagine_v the_o roman_a foot_n to_o have_v be_v twelve_o in_o file_n but_o that_o be_v to_o make_v good_a his_o conjecture_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o whereof_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o common_a opinion_n carry_v i_o along_o with_o it_o that_o both_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n ordinary_o be_v deep_a roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n teâ—_n deep_a marshal_v ten_o in_o file_n but_o upon_o emergency_n general_n may_v alter_v it_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o strong_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o weak_a which_o be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v decurio_fw-la and_o he_o of_o the_o file_n of_o foot_n decâ—nus_n for_o this_o last_o be_v 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contain_v eight_o hundred_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o battle_n then_o i_o say_v first_o a_o stadium_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o italian_a mile_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n second_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n be_v at_o our_o author_n rate_n eight_o in_o file_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o front_n three_o for_o every_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o room_n to_o handle_v his_o arm_n i_o allow_v with_o other_o four_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n four_o hundred_o foot_n four_o according_a to_o polybius_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o polybius_n out_o of_o polybius_n roman_a rule_n the_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a troop_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o rider_n so_o there_o will_v be_v twenty_o â—â—x_n complete_a troop_n and_o twenty_o horseman_n for_o the_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n five_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n require_v twenty_o six_o interval_n now_o allow_v with_o polybius_n a_o stadium_n for_o eight_o hundred_o horseman_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o in_o front_n and_o for_o these_o hundred_o allow_v with_o i_o four_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o you_o will_v have_v of_o six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o twenty_o six_o interval_n two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o foot_n and_o that_o will_v be_v eight_o foot_n and_o near_o one_o half_a for_o every_o interval_n so_o my_o opinion_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v polybius_n right_a that_o the_o interval_n between_o two_o single_a troop_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n but_o let_v we_o fancy_v the_o roman_a horse_n to_o have_v be_v ten_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o troop_n only_o three_o in_o front_n for_o so_o i_o probable_o think_v they_o be_v and_o let_v uâ—_n remember_v that_o in_o every_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v twenty_o roman_a troop_n and_o forty_o of_o the_o ally_n in_o all_o sixty_o fancy_n those_o sixty_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o field_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o several_a time_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v on_o one_o wing_n they_o must_v have_v fifty_o nine_o interval_n next_o remember_v that_o sixty_o troop_n at_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n be_v compose_v of_o eighteen_o hundred_o interval_n too_o many_o interval_n rider_n these_o draw_v up_o ten_o in_o file_n make_v one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o leadder_n allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o four_o foot_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n then_o for_o fifty_o nine_o interval_n which_o according_a to_o polybius_n sixty_o troop_n must_v have_v you_o be_v to_o allow_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n at_o eight_o foot_n for_o each_o interval_n i_o suppose_v still_o that_o which_o i_o can_v scarce_o believe_v of_o so_o many_o interval_n but_o add_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o foot_n how_o these_o sixty_o troop_n marshal_v so_o thin_a so_o few_o in_o front_n with_o so_o many_o interval_n can_v stand_v out_o the_o brisk_a and_o furious_a charge_n of_o a_o numerous_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n be_v beyond_o my_o fancy_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v interline_v with_o wellarmed_n foot_n as_o to_o the_o distance_n between_o body_n of_o foot_n polybius_n in_o the_o twelâ—th_o book_n polybius_n overâ—ight_n in_o polybius_n so_o often_o cite_v allow_v express_o six_o foot_n between_o file_n but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n confute_v the_o impertinent_a relation_n of_o calisthenes_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o oâ—_n distance_n between_o roman_a file_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o inadvertency_n in_o that_o great_a man_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v another_o immediate_o in_o vegetius_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n polybius_n allow_v six_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o the_o front_n or_o longitude_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o man_n sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o we_o have_v one_o thousand_o file_n between_o every_o one_o of_o the_o file_n he_o allowâ—_n six_o foot_n of_o distance_n so_o the_o distance_n do_v complete_o take_v up_o his_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o so_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v to_o stand_v on_o to_o which_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v he_o will_v have_v allow_v one_o foot_n to_o each_o man_n whereon_o to_o stand_v and_o consequent_o seven_o thousand_o foot_n for_o one_o thousand_o file_n in_o front_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o question_v the_o six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n be_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o much_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o pike-man_n between_o rank_n on_o their_o march_n though_o not_o between_o file_n and_o that_o in_o stand_v in_o battle_n they_o use_v densatio_n three_o foot_n of_o distance_n and_o in_o fight_n constipate_v 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place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v 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now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
protestant_a war_n in_o france_n 100_o year_n ago_o charles_n the_o nine_o and_o his_o brother_n henry_n the_o three_o they_o manage_v they_o at_o as_o small_a a_o expense_n as_o possible_o they_o can_v yet_o they_o oblige_v every_o man_n at_o arm_n to_o keep_v three_o horse_n two_o strong_a courser_n and_o one_o gelding_n every_o archer_n and_o light-horse-man_n two_o a_o good_a horse_n and_o a_o good_a nag_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v real_o think_v it_o strange_a how_o they_o can_v keep_v so_o many_o when_o i_o tell_v you_o what_o allowance_n of_o pay_n they_o have_v every_o man_n of_o arm_n have_v 45_o french_a livre_n in_o the_o month_n about_o three_o pound_n fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a every_o archor_n and_o light-horse-man_n have_v thirty_o livre_n about_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n a_o captain_n of_o all_o three_o have_v five_o rider_n pay_v allow_v he_o the_o lieutenant_z four_z the_o cornet_n three_o and_o the_o quartermaster_n two_o very_o inconsiderable_a 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command_v before_o the_o troop_n and_o fire_v on_o the_o enemy_n and_o immediate_o retire_v behind_o the_o troop_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o carabineer_n do_v these_o be_v equal_a in_o number_n to_o their_o master_n make_v up_o three_o hundred_o and_o resemble_v the_o french_a archer_n these_o dutch_a servant_n have_v the_o emperor_n pay_n or_o that_o of_o some_o german_a prince_n but_o their_o master_n receive_v it_o with_o their_o own_o nor_o have_v the_o master_n power_n to_o put_v away_o these_o servant_n or_o the_o servant_n to_o go_v from_o the_o master_n so_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o if_o any_o difference_n arise_v between_o they_o it_o be_v void_v by_o the_o ritmaster_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o army_n these_o german_a company_n of_o horse_n have_v for_o officer_n a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o cornet_n a_o quartermaster_n officer_n their_o officer_n and_o six_o corporal_n who_o they_o call_v ritmaster_n which_o be_v to_o say_v file-leader_n each_v whereof_o 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troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o those_o time_n number_n of_o company_n nor_o all_o company_n of_o alike_a number_n of_o rider_n nay_o not_o under_o one_o prince_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n have_v four_o troop_n in_o his_o squadron_n which_o he_o call_v free_a because_o he_o acknowledge_v no_o colonel_n or_o other_o commander_n under_o the_o major_a general_n and_o each_o of_o these_o troop_n to_o have_v fifty_o or_o sixty_o rider_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v no_o more_o by_o their_o ritmasters_n capitulation_n you_o may_v see_v in_o that_o same_o army_n a_o regiment_n of_o six_o company_n each_o of_o seventy_o man_n another_o of_o eight_o troop_n each_o of_o fifty_o horse_n so_o little_o be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o equal_a number_n of_o troop_n or_o of_o horseman_n in_o every_o troop_n regard_v or_o look_v after_o i_o see_v one_o regiment_n in_o the_o sweedish_a service_n i_o may_v say_v one_o for_o i_o see_v not_o such_o another_o in_o any_o of_o their_o army_n in_o which_o be_v according_a to_o capitulation_n twelve_o troop_n each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o rider_n effective_o but_o four_o of_o the_o regiment_n of_o that_o army_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o regiment_n be_v alone_o troop_n squad_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v not_o cast_v into_o wedge_n or_o rhombs_n as_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a one_o be_v at_o which_o manner_n of_o figure_n aelian_a make_v his_o grecian_a company_n to_o be_v very_o dexterous_a the_o square_a front_n be_v now_o only_o in_o use_n the_o number_n of_o rank_n of_o either_o regiment_n or_o troop_n whether_o they_o be_v strong_a or_o weak_a be_v alike_o in_o all_o because_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o be_v alike_o in_o all_o and_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o depth_n there_o have_v be_v great_a variance_n among_o those_o who_o assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o tactic_n who_o teach_v the_o rule_n of_o war._n many_o will_v have_v the_o file_n of_o horseman_n to_o be_v five_o deep_a other_o will_v not_o hear_v of_o opinion_n how_o deep_a horse_n shall_v be_v marshal_v difference_n of_o opinion_n that_o because_o thereby_o rank_n can_v double_v a_o objection_n which_o i_o have_v answer_v already_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o exercise_n other_o will_v have_v six_o because_o that_o admit_v double_v of_o rank_n but_o that_o be_v reject_v because_o if_o six_o deep_a be_v enough_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o will_v be_v too_o much_o for_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v other_o who_o will_v have_v every_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o consist_v of_o sixty_o and_o four_o rider_n and_o these_o be_v marshal_v eight_o deep_a and_o eight_o in_o front_n according_a to_o the_o square_a root_n make_v a_o perfect_a square_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o this_o speculation_n seem_v very_o pretty_a but_o i_o root_n square_a root_n reserve_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o till_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o square_a root_n itself_o for_o the_o present_n let_v it_o suffice_v that_o if_o six_o deep_a be_v too_o many_o for_o a_o cavalry_n eight_o deep_a will_v be_v very_o far_o out_o of_o purpose_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o strafford_n as_o he_o appoint_v in_o his_o military_a instruction_n the_o foot_n to_o be_v eight_o deep_a so_o he_o order_v his_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o be_v four_o in_o file_n but_o universal_o now_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o horse_n be_v marshal_v three_o deep_a without_o deep_a three_o deep_a regard_n to_o double_v of_o rank_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o assure_o this_o of_o all_o other_o bring_v most_o hand_n to_o fight_v when_o you_o have_v know_v how_o deep_a the_o troop_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o you_o shall_v cause_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o paper_n in_o what_o order_n you_o will_v marshal_v your_o horseman_n who_o you_o ordain_v to_o be_v leader_n and_o who_o bringer_n up_o and_o 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