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to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v 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the_o hollowness_n the_o other_o charge_v the_o other_o now_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n beside_o that_o it_o spare_v reserve_v for_o all_o occasion_n by_o off-holding_a the_o three_o phalange_n if_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v beat_v by_o the_o two_o oppose_a phalanges_fw-la all_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o win_v the_o field_n no_o other_o force_n be_v to_o second_v it_o where_o notwithstanding_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v get_v the_o better_a may_v be_v curb_v and_o the_o victory_n arrest_v by_o this_o reserve_v and_o by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o other_o two_o phalanges_fw-la break_v word_n of_o direction_n in_o the_o right_a induction_n 1_o the_o right-corner_n xenagy_n march_v out_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o other_o body_n if_o they_o begin_v the_o march_n 2_o the_o rest_n follow_v in_o xenagies_n direction_n for_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 1._o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o body_n so_o shall_v the_o file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o 4_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a front_n according_a to_o the_o place_n or_o part_v it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v 5_o make_v the_o length_n doubt_n to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n note_n 1_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n induction_n be_v speak_v of_o deduction_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o march_n for_o these_o be_v no_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o leave_v flank_v the_o front_n of_o the_o narch_n other_o kind_n than_o 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fileleader_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o the_o left_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n if_o on_o the_o right_n a_o right-hand_a deduction_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o a_o wing_n as_o aelian_n do_v for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n all_o one_o as_o a_o xenagy_n which_o have_v sixteen_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n some_o body_n also_o as_o the_o taxi_n and_o tetrarchy_n have_v the_o depth_n less_o than_o the_o breadth_n the_o first_o hold_v sixteen_o in_o depth_n &_o no_o more_o than_o eight_o in_o breadth_n the_o last_o four_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o they_o march_v not_o in_o a_o wing_n but_o because_o march_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v undertake_v in_o a_o wing_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o aelian_n say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n the_o depth_n whereof_o manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n and_o they_o proceed_v 3._o not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o flank_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o to_o march_v proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o flank_n only_o face_v that_o way_n the_o march_n be_v intend_v and_o return_v not_o to_o lead_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o they_o do_v at_o first_o to_o lead_v by_o file_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n proceed_v and_o have_v their_o file_n follow_v at_o their_o back_n to_o lead_v by_o rank_n be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o flank_n at_o first_o become_v the_o front_n and_o begin_v the_o march_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_o flanke-wise_a yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v change_v in_o the_o deduction_n
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their_o motion_n to_o their_o first_o posture_n which_o be_v do_v by_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o by_o move_v and_o by_o recover_v their_o first_o place_n the_o word_n be_v as_o you_o be_v countermarch_v be_v the_o three_o motion_n use_v in_o the_o change_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o use_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o appear_v in_o aelian_a before_o and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o motion_n kind_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n the_o word_n of_o command_n that_o he_o here_o set_v down_o be_v only_o of_o countermarch_n by_o file_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o kind_n viz._n the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n and_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n that_o of_o the_o front_n have_v likewise_o two_o kind_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o chorean_a that_o of_o the_o rear_n only_o one_o and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v now_o aelians_n direction_n follow_v 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v 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rehearse_n but_o i_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o example_n of_o epaminondas_n and_o therefore_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o quotation_n 716._o demetrius_n frame_v the_o like_a battle_n against_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n albeit_o he_o be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o hope_n in_o the_o event_n by_o the_o foresight_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o oppose_v his_o choice_a troop_n against_o that_o wing_n of_o demetrius_n which_o be_v first_o to_o undertake_v the_o charge_n hitherto_o of_o these_o three_o form_n of_o phalanges_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n in_o which_o albeit_o the_o two_o first_o be_v portrait_v without_o interual_n yet_o you_o must_v in_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n understand_v the_o three_o interual_n usual_a in_o the_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n and_o in_o the_o hearse_n the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o body_n that_o lead_v and_o of_o the_o front_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la and_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o 1_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o soldier_n be_v place_v in_o a_o body_n we_o take_v some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a and_o order_v they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o equal_a front_n 2_o protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v 3_o when_o we_o order_v the_o light_n arm_v behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a 4_o prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o which_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n this_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la 5_o entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o light_n arm_v within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o 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elephant_n place_v the_o light_n arm_v before_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o wound_v the_o elephant_n and_o turn_v they_o away_o from_o their_o phalange_n so_o alexander_n so_o darius_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o issos_n place_v darter_n and_o slinger_n before_o the_o front_n of_o their_o phalange_n they_o serve_v great_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n be_v so_o place_v especial_o be_v not_o charge_v with_o horse_n or_o pike_n if_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o either_o they_o be_v to_o retire_v into_o the_o interual_n of_o their_o own_o battle_n of_o pike_n see_v onosander_n cite_v by_o i_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 7_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n 3._o epitaxis_fw-la order_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n behind_o be_v the_o usual_a manner_n of_o the_o macedonian_a embattel_v from_o whence_o they_o draw_v they_o at_o pleasure_n to_o any_o place_n of_o service_n see_v the_o 7_o chapter_n 4._o prostaxis_fw-la it_o be_v when_o arm_v be_v take_v from_o behind_o and_o lay_v to_o one_o or_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n front_v even_o with_o the_o front_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o double_n of_o rank_n as_o be_v before_o show_v do_v when_o the_o hinder_v half_a file_n divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o and_o front_n with_o the_o fileleader_n or_o else_o march_v out_o entire_o without_o division_n entaxis_fw-la incision_n be_v always_o of_o the_o light_n arm_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o arm_a it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o pareutaxis_fw-la another_o greek_a word_n use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n 6._o hypotaxis_fw-la place_v of_o the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n but_o aelian_n will_v have_v they_o so_o place_v that_o the_o eminency_n of_o they_o shall_v make_v a_o hollow_a front_n in_o the_o battle_n patritius_fw-la take_v hypotaxis_fw-la to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o because_o the_o place_n of_o 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add_v that_o half_o the_o arm_a soldier_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o and_o change_v not_o the_o other_o half_n turn_v about_o backward_o whereas_o in_o the_o antistomus_n all_o the_o soldier_n move_v and_o half_a face_n to_o one_o flank_n half_a to_o the_o other_o and_o none_o to_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v beside_o he_o say_v that_o half_o the_o arm_a in_o the_o file_n stand_v back_o to_o back_o whereas_o in_o the_o antistomus_n half_a the_o arm_a in_o the_o rank_n stand_v back_o to_o back_o not_o those_o of_o the_o file_n 2_o now_o that_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v 29._o leo_n also_o declare_v the_o manner_n whereof_o appear_v in_o 9_o appian_n who_o recount_v that_o asdrubal_n the_o carthaginian_a seek_v to_o entrap_v scipio_n give_v mago_n his_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n commandement_fw-fr to_o charge_n scipio_n his_o army_n in_o front_n while_o himself_o charge_v it_o in_o the_o rear_n but_o 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will_v charge_v the_o rear_n and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o insubrian_o in_o the_o front_n they_o set_v the_o taurtscans_n and_o boâ—ans_n inhabit_v beyond_o the_o river_n po_n turn_v their_o face_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o the_o former_a and_o oppose_v to_o the_o access_n of_o caius_n attilius_n the_o wane_v and_o wagon_n they_o place_v without_o both_o wing_n and_o send_v their_o prey_n gain_v to_o a_o hill_n thereby_o appoint_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o keep_v it_o so_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la phalange_n which_o the_o celte_v cast_v themselves_o into_o be_v not_o only_o fearful_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o fit_o order_v for_o fight_v the_o insubrian_o and_o boyan_o come_v forth_o to_o fight_v wear_v bretche_n &_o a_o kind_n of_o loose_a and_o light_a coat_n but_o the_o gesates_n out_o of_o a_o vain_a glory_n and_o rashness_n cast_v they_o away_o and_o stand_v naked_a save_v that_o they_o have_v their_o arm_n alone_o in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n imagine_v they_o 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phalange_n have_v all_o her_o force_n unite_v together_o the_o epicampios_fw-la fight_v only_a with_o her_o two_o wing_n the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v far_o from_o join_v unless_o a_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o front_n in_o which_o case_n both_o the_o front_n and_o the_o wing_n may_v annoy_v he_o word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o cyrte_n or_o convexe_v half_a moon_n first_o order_z the_o body_n into_o a_o long_a square_a or_o plagiophalange_n 1_o then_o let_v the_o two_o fileleader_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o square_a march_n out_o with_o their_o file_n 2_o the_o next_o two_o on_o either_o hand_n moveright_o forward_o one_o foot_n short_a of_o the_o first_o keep_v distance_n in_o flank_n as_o before_o 3_o so_o the_o next_o four_o two_o oâ—_n each_o side_n the_o two_o next_o one_o foot_n short_a of_o the_o last_o the_o other_o two_o one_o foot_n short_a of_o they_o 4_o then_o the_o next_o four_o two_o on_o each_o side_n each_o 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foot-wedge_n must_v have_v three_o one_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v the_o sway_n of_o the_o encounter_n 3_o so_o epaminondas_n the_o theban_a fight_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n at_o mantinaea_n overthrow_v a_o mighty_a power_n of_o they_o by_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o wedge_n 4_o it_o be_v fashion_v when_o the_o antistomus_n diphalangy_n cap._n 48._o the_o horsbattaile_n square_a in_o figure_n not_o in_o horse_n the_o foot_n wedge_n the_o front_n in_o march_v join_v the_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n together_o hold_v they_o behind_o like_a unto_o the_o letter_n a._n notes_n 1_o this_o chapter_n contain_v the_o description_n of_o two_o battle_n one_o of_o horse_n the_o other_o of_o foot_n to_o be_v oppose_v in_o fight_n one_o against_o another_o namely_o the_o square_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o wedge_n of_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o tetragonall_a horsebattaile_n square_a in_o figure_n or_o ground_n for_o all_o be_v one_o be_v describe_v in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 18._o chapter_n 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chapter_n i_o give_v out_o of_o thucydides_n of_o overw_v and_o the_o example_n of_o the_o colchans_n who_o fear_v to_o be_v overfront_v by_o the_o grecian_n upon_o a_o hill_n upon_o which_o they_o stand_v embattle_v lead_v their_o wing_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n to_o match_v the_o front_n of_o the_o grecian_n leave_v the_o midst_n of_o their_o battle_n empty_a into_o which_o the_o grecian_n convey_v themselves_o easy_o put_v the_o colchans_n to_o flight_n as_o f._n xenophon_n record_v 34._o ouerw_v be_v also_o prevent_v if_o you_o hold_v reserve_v secret_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o your_o battle_n to_o fly_v out_o upon_o the_o sudden_a against_o those_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o seek_v to_o overw_v you_o this_o remedy_n be_v use_v by_o 322._o caesar_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsaly_n when_o pompey_n have_v abundance_n of_o horseman_n seek_v to_o circumvent_v that_o wing_n of_o caesar_n battle_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o open_a field_n and_o be_v not_o guard_v with_o a_o fence_n as_o the_o other_o wing_n be_v for_o to_o prevent_v the_o charge_n of_o these_o horse_n caesar_n bestow_v certain_a cohort_n who_o be_v to_o hold_v themselves_o close_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o his_o legion_n not_o face_v as_o his_o legion_n do_v against_o the_o legion_n of_o pompey_n but_o face_v into_o the_o field_n from_o whence_o he_o suspect_v the_o enemy_n horse_n will_v charge_v so_o that_o when_o the_o horse_n charge_v these_o cohort_n sudden_o fall_v out_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o caesar_n victory_n the_o place_n also_o often_o give_v assurance_n against_o overw_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o river_n or_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o mountain_n or_o such_o like_a to_o which_o you_o may_v apply_v the_o flank_n of_o your_o wing_n for_o a_o river_n you_o have_v the_o example_n of_o clearchus_n in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o artaxerxes_n and_o cyrus_n the_o young_a in_o which_o c._n clearchus_n order_v his_o troop_n of_o 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sleep_n will_v give_v good_a security_n to_o the_o 〈…〉_z auke_v of_o a_o battle_n 25â—_n that_o may_v otherwise_o be_v encompass_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o platea_n which_o be_v fight_v betwixt_o the_o grecian_n and_o mardonius_n xerxes_n his_o general_n the_o grecian_a army_n consist_v of_o 100000._o the_o persian_a of_o 500_o thousand_o the_o grecian_n at_o the_o first_o encamp_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n cithaeron_n but_o find_v the_o place_n fit_a for_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o persian_n then_o for_o themselves_o they_o remove_v their_o camp_n and_o choose_v a_o more_o commodious_a piece_n of_o ground_n to_o pursue_v the_o total_a victory_n for_o there_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n a_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o lâ—â—t_n run_v the_o river_n asopus_n the_o camp_n be_v pitch_v in_o the_o middle_a space_n which_o be_v fortify_v by_o the_o nature_n and_o safenesse_n of_o the_o plot_n of_o ground_n therefore_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o place_n much_o favour_v the_o wise_a counsel_n of_o the_o grecian_n towards_o the_o obtain_n of_o victory_n for_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o the_o persiâ—â—s_n to_o extend_v their_o phalange_n in_o any_o great_a proportion_n of_o length_n so_o that_o many_o myriad_o of_o the_o barbarian_n come_v to_o be_v of_o no_o use_n the_o grecian_n therefore_o 〈…〉_z in_o confidence_n of_o the_o place_n advance_v their_o force_n to_o fight_v and_o order_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o present_a occasion_n lead_v against_o the_o enemy_n mardonius_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v a_o deep_a phalange_n order_v his_o battle_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a and_o with_o cry_n set_v forward_o against_o the_o grecian_n this_o example_n albeit_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o hyperphalangesis_n or_o over-fronting_a yet_o because_o it_o give_v a_o safeguard_n by_o a_o mountain_n to_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v proper_a enough_o to_o hyperkerasis_n or_o overwinging_a beside_o 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charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v principal_o against_o horse_n as_o aelian_n give_v to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v quick_a and_o speedy_a and_o can_v sudden_o turn_v divide_v themselves_o and_o charge_v where_o they_o list_v and_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n for_o your_o best_a man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o find_v out_o some_o mean_n to_o defend_v they_o which_o be_v to_o instruct_v your_o soldier_n how_o to_o receive_v the_o charge_n by_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n in_o front_v you_o be_v always_o ready_a because_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v bend_v that_o way_n effect_v the_o like_a in_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o foot_n the_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o your_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o face_v every_o way_n as_o ready_o as_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o only_o exercise_v and_o acqaint_v they_o with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n 4._o and_o principal_o practise_v against_o the_o barbarian_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n i_o find_v not_o in_o there_o history_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o use_n may_v be_v great_a in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la but_o i_o take_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n to_o be_v because_o the_o flank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o grecian_a battle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n guard_v with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n the_o front_n and_o rear_v have_v no_o such_o defence_n be_v common_o attach_v by_o the_o enemy_n seek_v all_o advantage_n to_o distress_v they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n be_v absent_a the_o flank_n be_v the_o fair_a mark_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v secure_v but_o by_o face_v that_o way_n where_o he_o give_v on_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o see_v by_o the_o fight_n cyrus_n the_o elder_a have_v against_o croesus_n which_o example_n you_o shall_v see_v set_v out_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46._o chap._n page_n 79._o 5._o those_o be_v broad_a square_n that_o which_o i_o here_o translate_v a_o broad_a square_n be_v in_o the_o greek_a heteromeke_n of_o which_o form_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o note_n upon_o the_o 30._o chapter_n cap._n 39_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n front_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n for_o that_o form_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 2._o charge_v your_o pike_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1._o advance_v your_o pike_n 2._o face_n as_o you_o be_v 1_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_fw-la chap._n thirty-nine_o 1_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n be_v like_a to_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o form_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v so_o that_o it_o accustome_v the_o soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o incursion_n of_o horse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o former_a phalange_n both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n agree_v with_o this_o figure_n also_o herein_o they_o differ_v that_o the_o 2_o amphistomus_fw-la receive_v the_o charge_n in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o antistomus_n in_o flank_n but_o as_o well_o in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o they_o fight_v with_o long_a pike_n as_o do_v the_o alan_o and_o sauromatans_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o this_o form_n have_v two_o front_n the_o one_o before_o where_o the-file_n leader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v and_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o a_o 3_o diphalange_n it_o make_v the_o forefront_n with_o one_o the_o after-front_n with_o the_o other_o phalange_n note_n 1_o as_o the_o title_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v mistake_v so_o be_v the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o shall_v have_v be_v of_o the_o antistomus_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v this_o of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la that_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o very_a word_n follow_v in_o this_o chapter_n will_v prove_v which_o be_v these_o the_o one_o half_a say_v he_o of_o the_o arm_a soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o and_o the_o battle_n have_v two_o frontes_fw-la one_o before_o where_o the_o fileleader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v he_o describe_v the_o two_o front_n by_o the_o fileleader_n and_o bringer_n up_o who_o proper_a place_n be_v the_o front_n and_o rear_v &_o not_o the_o flank_n and_o further_o