between_o eumenes_n and_o craterus_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n in_o vita_fw-la eumenis_fw-la where_o eumenes_n place_v the_o horse_n before_o his_o foot_n do_v it_o say_v the_o author_n because_o he_o hold_v they_o the_o prime_n of_o his_o strength_n and_o therefore_o put_v upon_o they_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o day_n and_o herein_o show_v himself_o both_o in_o counsel_n and_o action_n a_o brave_a and_o well-experienced_a general_n as_o for_o the_o best_a form_n and_o fashion_n of_o horse-battel_n the_o most_o ancient_a and_o then_o the_o most_o common_a be_v that_o of_o a_o rhombe_n and_o this_o be_v in_o special_a account_n with_o the_o thessalian_n witness_n aelian_a cap._n 18._o who_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o best_a horseman_n of_o greece_n as_o xenothon_n report_v they_o in_o his_o hist._n graec._n lib._n 7._o 644._o d._n and_o hold_v that_o account_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n pyrrus_n and_o for_o this_o form_n these_o reason_n be_v give_v that_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o all_o encounter_n because_o the_o horse_n thus_o posture_v be_v ready_a to_o turn_v face_n about_o any_o way_n upon_o all_o occasion_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v surprise_v in_o flank_n or_o rear_n as_o have_v the_o best_a and_o choice_a man_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o commander_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o rhombe_n but_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o day_n consist_v most_o in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o horse_n into_o square_a body_n and_o the_o ground_n hereof_o be_v that_o these_o form_n be_v with_o most_o ease_n and_o facility_n to_o be_v put_v in_o order_n that_o they_o be_v apt_a for_o the_o joint_a move_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o that_o the_o commander_n do_v joint_o charge_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o front_n which_o in_o no_o form_n can_v be_v do_v but_o this_o to_o speak_v free_o of_o both_o these_o form_n i_o opine_n with_o they_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o rhombe_n in_o point_n of_o pierce_a and_o artificial_a break_n into_o the_o battle_n of_o a_o army_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a unless_o perhaps_o that_o a_o wedge_n be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n to_o be_v prefer_v for_o be_v narrow_a and_o point_a in_o the_o front_n it_o natural_o force_v a_o passage_n with_o the_o point_n and_o withal_o make_v way_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n to_o follow_v and_o so_o without_o much_o ado_n pierce_v far_a and_o far_o it_o must_v necessary_o hazard_v the_o break_n of_o the_o adverse_a battle_n and_o so_o disperse_v it_o that_o afterward_o execution_n may_v be_v do_v at_o pleasure_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o square_a horse-battel_n in_o respect_n of_o do_v execution_n and_o violent_a overthrow_v of_o all_o in_o its_o way_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o other_o for_o it_o bring_v more_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o bear_v down_o all_o thing_n before_o it_o so_o that_o i_o see_v not_o but_o both_o these_o form_n of_o horse-battel_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o use_n even_o in_o these_o time_n the_o one_o for_o entrance_n the_o other_o for_o bear_v down_o this_o for_o a_o thorough_a execution_n that_o for_o a_o dispersion_n but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o in_o the_o order_n of_o horse-battel_n of_o especial_a observation_n and_o that_o be_v their_o depth_n of_o which_o leo_n his_o opinion_n be_v cap._n 12._o sect_n 40._o that_o a_o horse-battel_n be_v only_o to_o be_v four_o in_o depth_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v that_o bear_v lance_n the_o five_o be_v unprofitable_a because_o from_o thence_o their_o lance_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o front_n neither_o say_v he_o can_v horse_n as_o foot_n with_o their_o thickness_n or_o depth_n thrust_v one_o another_o forward_o from_o behind_o and_o therefore_o in_o his_o opinion_n the_o number_n of_o four_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o depth_n in_o file_n and_o yet_o we_o find_v in_o polybius_n that_o the_o horse_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o his_o time_n order_v eight_o in_o depth_n but_o this_o be_v in_o the_o age_n of_o lance_n in_o our_o now_o pistol-world_n i_o find_v the_o king_n of_o swedens_fw-fr horse_n which_o be_v order_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o van_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lipzwick_n to_o be_v four_o in_o depth_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o rear_n to_o be_v five_o in_o depth_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v tilly_n horse_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o lutzen_n the_o king_n of_o swedens_fw-fr horse_n be_v in_o no_o place_n above_o three_o in_o depth_n whereas_o walsteins_n horse_n be_v every_o where_o six_o it_o seem_v therefore_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n touch_v this_o particular_a but_o that_o it_o must_v be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o enlarge_a the_o front_n so_o that_o aelian_o proportion_n may_v be_v receive_v with_o most_o approbation_n for_o the_o general_a which_o be_v to_o double_v the_o number_n of_o the_o front_n to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o as_o the_o number_n of_o the_o troop_n arise_v to_o enlarge_v the_o length_n of_o the_o front_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o flank_n proportionable_o one_o to_o another_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o have_v it_o to_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o eight_o at_o any_o time_n in_o depth_n nor_o under_o four_o for_o the_o one_o extreme_a lose_v the_o fight_n of_o some_o hand_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o over-depth_n and_o the_o other_o be_v over-weak_a to_o sustain_v any_o great_a shock_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o may_v concern_v both_o horse_n and_o foot_n concern_v word_n of_o command_n touch_v which_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a use_n witness_n polyen_n lib._n 4.217_o sect_n 2._o that_o when_o the_o horse_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o staff_n that_o be_v to_o that_o side_n where_o the_o staff_n or_o lance_n be_v then_o carry_v and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o word_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o reins_o because_o the_o reins_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o to_o the_o foot_n the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v of_o old_a to_o the_o pike_n when_o they_o be_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o to_o the_o target_n when_o they_o be_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o left_a now_o the_o present_a word_n of_o command_n to_o this_o purpose_n both_o to_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v touch_v which_o i_o shall_v only_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o present_a commander_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o safe_o in_o this_o case_n to_o take_v up_o some_o other_o word_n of_o command_n than_o those_o that_o be_v now_o in_o use_n and_o this_o in_o regard_n that_o our_o present_a word_n of_o command_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v mistake_v as_o be_v of_o too_o alike_o sound_a and_o may_v very_o well_o be_v take_v one_o for_o another_o and_o all_o mistake_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o disadvantageous_a and_o carry_v with_o they_o much_o of_o peril_n as_o all_o judicious_a man_n will_v ready_o confess_v so_o that_o we_o may_v do_v well_o to_o be_v herein_o president_v by_o our_o seaman_n who_o in_o their_o sea-word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o condeing_n of_o a_o ship_n use_v not_o to_o say_v larboard_o the_o helm_n but_o port_n the_o helm_n when_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o ship_n lest_o by_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o sound_n it_o shall_v be_v take_v for_o starboard_n the_o helm_n which_o be_v to_o have_v it_o to_o be_v put_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o that_o in_o many_o case_n to_o a_o certain_a ruin_n and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v the_o better_o perfect_v by_o aelian_o rule_n that_o the_o particular_a be_v place_v first_o as_o to_o say_v to_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n turn_v your_o face_n when_o you_o will_v have_v they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o reins_o or_o sword_n turn_v your_o face_n when_o they_o shall_v turn_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o the_o foot_n to_o say_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n turn_v your_o face_n when_o they_o be_v to_o move_v that_o way_n and_o to_o the_o sword_n turn_v your_o face_n when_o you_o will_v have_v they_o move_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o for_o the_o word_n double_v your_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o length_n or_o depth_n the_o double_n of_o the_o length_n be_v to_o be_v use_v either_o to_o over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o
a_o private_a company_n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o army_n to_o exercise_v a_o company_n exact_o it_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o corporalship_n and_o then_o subdivide_v into_o as_o many_o file_n as_o the_o number_n will_v bear_v and_o every_o file_n into_o fellowship_n or_o camerado_n the_o corporal_n of_o every_o corporalship_n be_v to_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o chief_a file_n thereof_o and_o the_o lanceprisado_n who_o in_o the_o corporal_n absence_n when_o he_o be_v upon_o the_o guard_n or_o elsewhere_o execute_v the_o corporal_n duty_n be_v to_o lead_v another_o file_n and_o the_o practic_n and_o ready_a man_n of_o every_o corporalship_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o rest_n the_o company_n be_v thus_o divide_v and_o order_v these_o thing_n be_v main_o to_o be_v teach_v the_o carriage_n and_o use_n of_o arm_n march_n and_o motion_n and_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o word_n of_o command_n and_o direction_n which_o be_v right_o term_v the_o soldier_n vocabula_fw-la artis_fw-la the_o carriage_n of_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o most_o of_o comeliness_n and_o use_n the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v either_o in_o receive_v or_o give_v a_o charge_n by_o be_v teach_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n learn_v to_o withstand_v the_o horse_n by_o the_o second_o to_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n pike_n and_o to_o understand_v when_o and_o how_o every_o man_n and_o so_o every_o rank_n be_v to_o give_v their_o push_n or_o blow_v in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o musket_n the_o soldier_n be_v first_o to_o learn_v how_o to_o present_v his_o piece_n how_o to_o take_v his_o level_n and_o when_o to_o give_v his_o volley_n with_o those_o of_o his_o rank_n now_o the_o ancient_a and_o vulgar_a manner_n of_o discipline_n for_o the_o give_v of_o volley_n of_o shot_n be_v that_o all_o the_o shot_n of_o one_o corporalship_n shall_v give_v fire_n at_o once_o but_o this_o be_v absolute_o condemnable_a for_o either_o those_o in_o the_o rear_n must_v hazard_v the_o shoot_n of_o their_o leader_n through_o their_o head_n or_o else_o over-shoot_a the_o enemy_n and_o spend_v their_o powder_n in_o vain_a and_o beside_o the_o volley_n thus_o deliver_v be_v once_o give_v the_o enemy_n may_v come_v on_o without_o impeachment_n or_o annoyance_n in_o stead_n of_o this_o therefore_o a_o more_o useful_a practice_n have_v be_v to_o order_v the_o first_o rank_n only_o to_o give_v their_o volley_n and_o if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o company_n march_v than_o that_o rank_n that_o have_v give_v the_o volley_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o second_o rank_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o to_o give_v their_o volley_n and_o then_o they_o to_o stand_v and_o then_o the_o three_o rank_n to_o advance_v and_o give_v fire_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n in_o order_n but_o if_o the_o company_n or_o brigade_n or_o battaglia_n stand_v firm_a than_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v give_v their_o volley_n be_v to_o fall_v back_o and_o the_o second_o to_o come_v in_o their_o room_n and_o so_o the_o three_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n and_o by_o this_o course_n the_o man_n be_v command_v man_n the_o volley_n may_v be_v continue_v and_o the_o enemy_n never_o free_a from_o annoyance_n and_o all_o this_o be_v easy_o perform_v if_o at_o the_o first_o all_o the_o shot_n be_v cause_v to_o open_v their_o file_n to_o open_a distance_n but_o because_o even_o this_o also_o be_v defective_a in_o respect_n that_o there_o can_v be_v bring_v up_o so_o many_o hand_n to_o give_v fire_n at_o once_o upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o absolute_a soldier_n the_o late_a king_n of_o swedeland_n discipline_v his_o shot_n to_o give_v fire_n three_o rank_n at_o once_o and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o cause_v the_o first_o rank_n to_o give_v their_o volley_n upon_o their_o knee_n the_o second_o somewhat_o stoop_v over_o their_o leader_n head_n the_o three_o rank_n stand_v upright_o to_o give_v their_o volley_n over_o all_o their_o head_n and_o this_o to_o be_v do_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n and_o course_n be_v pour_v more_o lead_n upon_o the_o enemy_n at_o once_o then_o otherwise_o by_o far_o by_o any_o of_o the_o other_o way_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o give_v fire_n must_v needs_o also_o be_v very_o useful_a and_o advantageous_a in_o all_o wood-service_n and_o wheresoever_o a_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v encounter_v in_o narrow_a lane_n or_o path_n where_o man_n can_v be_v lead_v up_o but_o in_o a_o single_a file_n for_o if_o the_o three_o first_o man_n thus_o give_v fire_n be_v instruct_v after_o they_o have_v give_v their_o volley_n to_o place_n themselves_o close_a up_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o path_n where_o the_o enemy_n present_v himself_o and_o so_o stand_v there_o sidelong_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v place_n for_o three_o other_o of_o their_o follower_n to_o advance_v and_o do_v the_o like_a a_o continue_a volley_n of_o shot_n may_v be_v thus_o deliver_v although_o the_o whole_a file_n of_o man_n shall_v consist_v but_o of_o fifteen_o in_o all_o as_o for_o the_o discipline_n belong_v to_o march_n after_o every_o man_n once_o know_v his_o proper_a place_n and_o understand_v how_o to_o observe_v his_o file_n and_o rank_n there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o in_o a_o plain_a march_n in_o a_o countermarch_v also_o if_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o file_n be_v well_o choose_v and_o that_o every_o man_n observe_v his_o lead_a man_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n neither_o as_o touch_v motion_n some_o be_v perform_v without_o change_n of_o place_n by_o turn_v only_o their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o to_o the_o left_a or_o about_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v find_v to_o charge_n either_o in_o flank_n or_o rear_n some_o require_v a_o change_n of_o place_n and_o these_o motion_n be_v perform_v by_o remove_v from_o one_o rank_n to_o another_o and_o then_o some_o move_v and_o some_o stand_v still_o and_o these_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v call_v doubling_n of_o rank_n and_o doubling_n of_o file_n as_o the_o enemy_n or_o ground_n shall_v give_v cause_n to_o make_v the_o front_n or_o flank_n great_a or_o lesser_a there_o be_v beside_o these_o another_o kind_n of_o motion_n to_o be_v teach_v in_o which_o all_o do_v move_v and_o yet_o none_o do_v march_v and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o open_n and_o close_v of_o file_n and_o be_v practise_v not_o only_a when_o one_o rank_n be_v to_o pass_v through_o another_o or_o the_o whole_a brigade_n to_o make_v a_o countermarch_v but_o also_o when_o there_o be_v a_o intention_n to_o draw_v the_o troop_n together_o in_o haste_n and_o yet_o in_o order_n more_o to_o the_o one_o hand_n then_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o far_o only_o shall_v be_v speak_v in_o this_o place_n touch_v motion_n intend_v to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o the_o use_n of_o they_o hereafter_o concern_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o drum_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v not_o only_o to_o know_v and_o observe_v what_o the_o drummer_n beat_v but_o what_o time_n he_o keep_v in_o beat_v that_z according_o they_o may_v hasten_v or_o slack_v their_o marching_n as_o by_o the_o voice_n they_o be_v call_v upon_o to_o all_o other_o motion_n of_o which_o likewise_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v chap._n iu._n of_o great_a gun_n due_a to_o a_o army-royal_a of_o the_o kind_n and_o choice_n of_o they_o of_o the_o number_n of_o horse_n to_o draw_v great_a gun_n the_o best_a way_n of_o draw_v heavy_a gun_n we_o have_v go_v thus_o far_o towards_o the_o proportion_v of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o army_n as_o to_o bring_v the_o man_n or_o body_n together_o to_o fit_v they_o with_o chief_n and_o commander_n and_o to_o give_v they_o some_o knowledge_n in_o the_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n we_o have_v likewise_o speak_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o first_o book_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o arm_n as_o be_v fit_v for_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o be_v portable_a in_o their_o hand_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o give_v some_o advertisement_n touch_v those_o sort_n of_o arm_n or_o weapon_n which_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v with_o army_n but_o be_v not_o portable_a by_o the_o man_n and_o these_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o artillery_n or_o great_a gun_n of_o which_o though_o we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o our_o treatise_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o of_o such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v lodge_v in_o fort_n and_o town_n of_o war_n and_o to_o be_v employ_v against_o they_o and_o not_o of_o those_o to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o field_n and_o to_o accompany_v and_o march_v with_o a_o
to_o a_o great_a army_n march_v in_o good_a safety_n in_o all_o common_a passage_n and_o in_o a_o large_a and_o open_a country_n several_z and_z apart_z by_o itself_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o train_n will_v hereby_o be_v over-lengthened_n it_o may_v be_v help_v by_o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o vanguard_n may_v take_v the_o right_a hand_n the_o battle_n the_o left_a equal_v the_o front_n with_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rearguard_n with_o the_o ordnance_n and_o their_o appurtenance_n to_o march_v betwixt_o they_o both_o and_o hereby_o also_o the_o whole_a train_n march_v the_o more_o close_v shall_v become_v the_o strong_a and_o ready_a and_o every_o man_n prepare_v to_o know_v and_o fall_v into_o his_o proper_a rank_n and_o place_n without_o the_o least_o confusion_n as_o for_o the_o conduction_n and_o order_n of_o the_o general_a carriage_n and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o a_o army_n when_o it_o be_v to_o march_v 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