Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	double_v	left_a	rank_n	12,856	5	12.2059	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20992	The art of warre, or Militarie discourses of leavying, marching, encamping; and embattailing an armie. Of building, defending, and expugning forts and fortified cities. Of ordinance, petards, and fireworks. Of the severall duties of officers, and souldiers. Of the Grecian, and Romane militia, and forming of battaillons; &c. By the Lord of Praissac. Englished by I.C.; Discours militaires. English	Du Praissac, Sieur.; Cruso, John, d. 1681.	1639 (1639)	STC 7366; ESTC S122251	80,136	227

such as used flying weapons The pikes bore a target or a corslet and greves a pike from 20 to 24 foot long and a sword The strongest of them covered themselves with a Macedonian target of brasse being foure foot in diameter All the pikes were called heavie armed They which used flying weapons which were called the light armed carried wicker targets bows darts and slings The heavie armed souldiers were thus disposed of 16 men made a file the first man being the file-leader commanded the whole file the eighth man was the bringet-up of the front-half-file the ninth man was the half-file-leader and the sixteenth man was the bringer-up of the file The whole file was divided into foure equall parts the first souldier of every fourth part was called Enomotarcba and had command over the other three A file File-leader ☉ First Enomotarch   ∘   ∘   ∘   ∘ Second Enomotarch   ∘   ∘ Bringer-up of the ½ file ∘ Half-file-leader ○ Third Enomotarch   ∘   ∘   ∘   ∘ Fourth Enomotarch   ∘   ∘   ∘ Bringer-up of the file ○ A companie had 16 files which made 256 men The officers of a companie were a Captain A. two Centurions B. foure Tetrarchs C. eight Dilochites D. 16 file-leaders I E. 16 bringers-up of the front-half-files H. 16 half-file-leaders G. and 16 bringers-up of the files F. Besides these they had an Ensigne a Sergeant a Trumpet a Rear-commander and a Cryer The figure of a companie The dutie of the officers was to instruct their souldiers in all the militarie motions these motions were to stand right in ranks and files to face to the right left and rear to double files and ranks to perform their countermarches and wheelings To render this more intelligible I will describe each of them apart First the companie is drawn up into a body as hath been shewed before then the ranks and files are made straight and even and they take their distances E. F. is the first file E. I. is the first rank There be three kindes of distances one for exercise which is for every souldier foure cubits of ground which is six foot The second to be ready for battaile expecting an enemie which is two cubits three foot that so the pikes may face every way The third for combat which is one cubit that being so serried they may the more strongly charge the enemie or sustain his charge The figure following sheweth in what order the souldiers ought to be to perform their motions and how they are to reduce themselves when they are commanded as they were This figure is represented in all the following battaillons by these marks o ∘ the white ones signifie the file-leaders or the front of the battaillon in the first standing before the command given and the black ones the ordinarie souldiers The small pricks shew the way by which every souldier moved the figures of men shew in what form the battaillon standeth after the motion according to the command given them and the cypher figures placed in the ranks and files shew which are to stand and which to move or which are leaders and which are followers The standing of souldiers which have made even their ranks and files attending the word of command to perform the exercise To cause all the battaillon to face to the right every souldier must turn his face to the place where his right hand was A battaillon faced to the right hand To cause all the battaillon to face to the left every souldier must turn his face to the place where his left hand was A battaillon faced to the left hand To cause the battaillon to face to the rear every souldier must turn his face by the right hand untill it be where his back was A battaillon faced to the rear To double files or ranks is to put two into one Doubling of files is called doubling the flanks or doubling the depth doubling of ranks is called doubling the front Files are doubled after three wayes either in inplacing the one within the other which is called doubling of files sidewayes In this doubling the even numbers of files mix themselves within the odde numbers and the file-leaders which are to move place themselves behinde them which are to stand fast and every souldier behinde his right hand man A battaillon which hath doubled their files side-wayes Files are also doubled when one is placed before the other which is called doubling of files advancing when the odde numbers place themselves before the even numbers as the following figure sheweth A battaillon which hath doubled files advancing Files are also doubled when the left flank or half ranks of the battaillon stands fast and the right flank advanceth untill it be before the other then causing it to face to the left and to march untill they stand right before them then to reduce their facing Ranks are also doubled by three wayes either by mixing them one within the other which is called doubling by ranks and here the even numbers of ranks place themselves within the odde numbers A battaillon which hath doubled ranks by ranks Ranks are also doubled by causing the half files to advance untill the half-file leaders come up to the front of the battaillon A battaillon which hath doubled ranks by the half files Ranks are also doubled when the battaillon divides it self at the half files or rear division The rear division again divideth it self into two equall parts at their half ranks the one part to the right the other to the left and each of these parts advanceth untill the half-file-leaders stand even with the front of the battaillon A battaillon which hath doubled ranks on the flanks Countermarching is when every souldier turning his face to the rear doth also change his place so to exchange the souldiers of the one part of the battaillon to another part It is performed by files and ranks and each of these is done three wayes the Macedonian Laconian and Persian or Cretan The countermarch by files is to turn the face to the rear and so to bring the file-leaders again to be foremost The Macedonian countermarch by files is when the file-leaders face to the rear and stand fast then all the rest of each file passe through and stand behinde their own leaders by which means the battaillon leaves before it for the field of combat the ground where it self stood as appeareth by the figure following A battaillon which hath performed the Macedonian countermarch The Laconian countermarch by files is when the file-leaders facing to the rear cause all the rest of their file to follow after them and lead them to another ground leaving that ground behinde them where they formerly stood or rather the bringers-up face about and every man of the file placeth himself before his bringer-up in their due places untill the file-leader come up to the front A battaillon which hath performed the Laconian countermarch The Persian or Cretan

countermarch is when the file-leaders face about and draw their files after them and come into the place of the bringers-up and the bringers-up come into the file-leaders places the battaillon possessing the same ground it had before A battaillon which hath performed the Persian or Cretan countermarch Countermarches by ranks are performed by the same rules and wayes as hath been shewed in those of files Wheeling is when the whole body of the battaillon turneth which is done upon the angles of the battaillon upon the right or left hand file-leader or on the middle of the front the middle file-leaders being as the center or on the center of the battaillon When the battaillon wheeleth upon the right hand file-leader it wheeleth to the right hand When it is upon the left hand file-leader it wheeleth to the left A quarter turn is called the first wheeling as when the battaillon A. comes to possesse the place B. turning upon the center E. An half turn is called the second wheeling which will be when the battaillon is come to possesse the ground C. Three quarter turn is called the third wheeling which will bring the battaillon into D. A battaillon wheeling upon the right hand file-leader The words of command are Make ready your armes Put your selves in battalia Make even your files and ranks Take your distances Advance your pikes Faces to the right As you were Faces to the left As you were Faces to the rear As you were Files to the right double As you were Double your files advancing As you were Double your files by the half ranks As you were Ranks double by ranks As you were Ranks double by the half files As you were Ranks double on both flanks As you were Countermarch c. As you were Wheel c. As you were Foure regiments made the battaile of heavie armed foot the two on the right hand were called the right wing and the two on the left the left wing The officers of these foure regiments were the Generall of foot N. The Lieutenants Generall O. The regiments are P. The front of the battaile of heavie armed foot So much concerning the heavie armed foot which differed not from the light armed concerning their order but onely in their number for the light armed had their files but of 8 deep in all the rest they were alike For they had as many files as many companies as many regiments as many officers disposed in the same order Foure regiments made the front of their battaile and two made a wing their commanders were The Lieutenant Generall Q. The Lieutenant Colonels assistants R. The regiments S. The front of the battaile of light armed foot Sometimes the light armed foot marched before the heavie armed sometimes they marched on their flanks sometimes between them and sometimes in their rear The form of battaile of the foot when the heavie armed marched before the light armed T. is the left wing V. is the right wing X. the heavie armed regiments Y. the light armed regiments The horse were sometimes placed round about the armie by squadrons sometimes on the wings and also on the rear sometimes amongst the armie on the wings of the battaillons and sometimes onely on the wings of the armie which they did most usually dividing them into two equall parts placing the one half on the right wing and the other half on the left wing The form of the armie ranged in battaile as well Infanterie as Cavalerie X. are the heavie armed foot Y. the light armed foot Z. the horse the one half on the right wing and the other half on the left As they which use flying weapons were but half the number of the pikes so the horse were but half the number of those which used flying weapons that is a fourth part of the foot The Persians and Sicilians disposed their troops of horse in square bodies as the French do now adayes but the Scythians Thracians and Macedonians put them into a triangular form or wedge and the Thessalians into a rhomb or diamond They ordered their horse in these wedges and rhombs sometimes by files and sometimes by ranks as in these figures Captain Lieutenant Ilarchos Plagiophylarchos Captain Lieutenant Corporall Ilarchos Plagiophylarchos Vragos The Grecians disposed their armies into fundrie forms which was very easie for them to do they being able to lengthen thicken open close it change the figure or turn the front as pleased them by reason their souldiers were practised in all the motions aforesaid and at the sound of the trumpet both horse and foot knew what they were to do Sometime their armie marched with an even front according to the form shewed before when their enemie was before them sometimes in two bodies when the enemie was on their flanks sometimes in foure when they were in danger on all sides sometimes in sithes checquers crescents and manches In the figure following are represented six dispositions of battaile A. Double fronted B. Foure fronts C. The sithe or open fronted wedge D. The checquer E. The crescent F The manches ♂ The horse ♒ The light armed ♊ The heavie armed A B C D E F A battaillon which had a greater depth then front they called Orthion That which had the front exceeding the depth Plagion That battaillon is called oblique which fighteth by the wings one wing serving for the vanguard When the battaile was begun to be ranged by the wings and was ended at the middle it was called Parembole When they began to range their battaile by the midst and finished it on the wings it was called Prostaxis When the heavy armed foot being first placed the light armed were placed at their front it was called Protaxis When after that the heavie armed were ranged the light armed foot were placed in their rear it was called Epitaxis When the light armed foot were ranged in the intervalls between the pikes it was called Entaxis When the light armed were placed on the wings of the whole armie they called it Hypotaxis Of the heavie armed foot called Hoplites Number of men Files Greek names of the troops The names interpreted Greek names of officers Officers names interpreted 4.   Enomotia A quartain Enomotarcha A quartainer 8.   Dimoeria An half file Dimoerites An half file-leader 16. 1. Lochia A file Lochagos A file-leader 32. 2. Dilochia Two files Dilochites A Lanspassado 64. 4. Tetrarchia A squadron Te●rarcha A Corporall 128. 8. Taxiarchia A centurie Taxiarcha A Centurion 256. 16. Syntagma A companie Syntagmatarcha A Captain 512. 32. Pentacosiarchia A double companie Pentacosiarcha A Colonels assistant 1024. 64. Chiliarchia A brigado Chiliarcha A Commander of a brigado or Sergeant major 2048. 128. Merarchia A double brigado Merarcha A Lieutenant Colonell 4096. 256. Phalangia A regiment Phalangarchos A Colonell 8192. 512. Diphalangia One wing of the regiment Diphalangarchos Lieutenant Generall of foot 16384. 1024. Tetraphalangia The battaile of the heavie armed foot Tetraphalangarchos The

his quartering in the field to make his guards and place his sentinels to understand the beats of the drum to make a guard for his superiours The souldier should not enroll himself under a captain of mean reputation or one that is covetous lest he loose his labour and time to prevent changing So also a Captain ought not to receive a souldier without knowing him lest he happen on some mutinier coward feeble or diseased person Of the dutie of the Lanspassadoes and Appointees They are to ease the Corporals and to be as their Lieutenants and aides in time of danger they are also rounders and sentinell-perdues in cases of necessitie but not otherwise Of the Corporall He hath the command of his squadron and is to teach them whatsoever is necessarie for a souldier to know and do He is to lodge them by cameradoes to prevent quarrels and disorders by admonishing them or acquainting the Captain therewith for to chastise them he hath no power unlesse it be by vexing them with standing sentinell He must have a list of his souldiers and must give notice to his Sergeant when a souldiers name is crossed out He is to distribute the victuall bullets match and powder to the souldiers of his squadron to know which are the most experienced of them that so they may be imployed in the watches and actions of greatest importance to have an eye to their lives and manners to take care of the baggage and money of such as are hurt and sick causing every man to husband his pay taken at musters Being on the guard he must be vigilant and suspicious he must place the sentinels where the Sergeant major or his Captain shall have directed him he must releeve them himself and must send a Lanspassado or one whom his Captain shall appoint whereof he is alwayes to have two to visit them He must attend his rounds and counter-rounds before his corps-du-guard which must give him the word and were it the Generall of the Armie himself the sentinels ought not to suffer him nor any person to approach them without charging their pike or presenting their musket the match cocked and if it be the grand-watch or other troop to stay them untill the Corporall come who must never go alone out of his corps-du-guard but with three or foure to accompanie him He must advertise the sentinels how to demean themselves upon the discoverie of the enemie either to give an alarm or else to give notice without making any noise The sentinels must never remove themselves untill the Corporall releeve them or that they be constrained by the enemie and in such case they are to retreat to the corps-du-guard as the corps-du-guard being forced are to retreat to the quarters according to the Captains or Sergeant majors instruction He is to visit the souldiers entring the guard to know whether they be sufficiently provided of powder bullets and match viz. one pound of powder two pound of bullets and five fathom of match He must cause respect to be given to the corps-du-guard and silence to be kept whether it be about the gates or the walls that so the noise may not hinder the hearing of the advertisements of the sentinels He is to walk before his corps-du-guard or to cause a Lanspassado to do it He must keep fire day and night to light the matches and must take care to see the corps-du-guard provided of wood coals and candles Of the Sergeant of a companie He ought to be able to read write and cast account if it may be to keep accounts of his souldiers how many be pikes and how many muskets the best armed and most courageous of them he is to place in the first rank It is his dutie to cause the souldiers of his companie to observe discipline both politick and militarie and all kindes of commands given by the superiours whereof he is to give them knowledge He is to instruct them in the managing of armes in the keeping of rank and file and that in such order as the Sergeant major shall appoint He must take care of the armes and munitions to distribute the powder and match to the Corporals to place his corps-du-guards and sentinels with his corporals in such places as his Captain or Sergeant major shall have appointed often visiting them to see whether they perform their duties imploying none thereunto but such as are capable for otherwise an alarm might be often given without cause he must make frequent rounds and if he finde a sentinell a sleep in the field he is to commit him into the hands of justice When the companie marcheth if a souldier step out of his rank he is to compell him to his place with the staff of his halbert Whether he be in the field or in garrison he must take care there be no want of victuall and if there be want to demand it of the commissarie or his deputies then he is to distribute it to his Corporals and they to the souldiers He must every evening fetch the word at the Sergeant majors lodging and carrie it to his Captain Lieutenant Ensigne and Corporals He must order his companie both for their marching embattailing as also for their watch but for their encamping that belongeth to the Quartermaster He must place his guard at the houre appointed and having shewed his Corporals the places for the corps-du-guards and sentinells and there placed them he is to give the word secretly to the Corporals according as he shall have received it from the Sergeant major Of the Ensigne It is the Ensignes dutie to carrie his colours wheresoever his Captain or in his absence the Lieutenant shall command him whether it be in assault or in battaile having no regard to the danger but to the means to attain it Entring the guard lodging in fight or making alto he is to bear his colours on his shoulder advanced but when he marcheth in champain he may cause them to be born by one of the bravest souldiers to which end he is alwayes to have two of them near him The company marching in their order the Ensigne is to be in the middle but in assault scalado or disbanded fights he must be at the head In battaile the Sergeant major appointeth him his place of march and he ought rather to die then to quit or abandon his colours for by loosing them he dishonoureth both himself and his companie He must get the love of his souldiers that so they may follow him with the better courage If the Colonell command him to plant his colours in the field he is to do it but he ought rather to acquaint his Captain therewith And in case of alarm without expecting any command he must repair to the place of armes The place of armes of a Companie is before the Ensignes lodging where all the souldiers must assemble in armes and of a regiment it is before the Colonels lodging Marching in battalia he is to march