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observe_v this_o if_o the_o word_n be_v for_o the_o right_a hand_n then_o step_v forth_o with_o the_o right_a leg_n and_o bring_v the_o left_a leg_n over_o if_o to_o the_o left_a then_o step_v forth_o with_o the_o left_a leg_n and_o bring_v the_o right_n over_o but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o the_o right_n and_o maintain_v ground_n then_o stand_v fast_o with_o the_o right_a leg_n and_o bring_v the_o leave_v over_o thus_o much_o of_o countermarch_v now_o of_o double_v chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o use_n of_o double_v there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o fiâ—es_n the_o first_o do_v double_a the_o suidas_n the_o the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o rank_n the_o depth_n be_v the_o file_n rank_n stretch_v forth_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n say_v suidas_n length_n the_o second_o the_o depth_n of_o your_o battle_n the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n may_v be_v double_v in_o place_n or_o number_n in_o place_n in_o double_v of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o battle_n in_o place_n place_n when_o every_o file_n do_v open_a from_o three_o foot_n to_o six_o foot_n which_o be_v your_o open_a order_n in_o file_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o front_n possess_v double_a ground_n to_o that_o it_o have_v before_o there_o be_v another_o way_n to_o double_a the_o front_n in_o place_n as_o you_o shall_v hear_v anon_o the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n be_v number_n be_v double_v of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o battle_n in_o number_n double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o twenty_o in_o a_o rank_n it_o be_v make_v forty_o and_o of_o forty_o fourscore_o so_o that_o you_o have_v twice_o as_o many_o man_n in_o the_o front_n as_o you_o have_v before_o this_o double_n of_o the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n by_o number_n may_v be_v do_v upon_o fit_a occasion_n either_o in_o open_a order_n or_o in_o order_n in_o open_a order_n by_o double_v of_o rank_n by_o middle_a man_n do_v the_o same_o by_o bringer_n up_o double_v the_o front_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n at_o discretion_n in_o order_n by_o middle_a man_n double_v of_o the_o front_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n entire_a or_o by_o devission_n to_o both_o which_o do_v likewise_o double_a the_o length_n of_o a_o battle_n not_o only_o in_o number_n but_o in_o place_n also_o as_o captain_n bingham_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o note_n upon_o aelian_a chap._n 29._o 29._o chap._n 29._o two_o cause_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o double_n of_o the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n both_o in_o number_n and_o place_n the_o one_o to_o overw_v the_o enemy_n the_o other_o to_o avoid_v overw_v two_o way_n you_o may_v avoid_v overw_v one_o be_v by_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o a_o ground_n as_o may_v give_v you_o this_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o he_o can_v never_o compass_v you_o in_o behind_o 478_o pâ—â—tarâ—â—_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aâ—esâ—laus_n and_o s_o lla_o pag._n 630._o &_o 478_o nor_o flank_n you_o on_o the_o side_n now_o if_o you_o can_v find_v such_o a_o ground_n use_v art_n cast_v a_o trench_n upon_o each_o flank_n or_o wagon_n on_o either_o wing_n as_o syila_n and_o huniades_n do_v fear_v to_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o enemy_n the_o second_o way_n to_o avoid_v overw_v be_v by_o place_v of_o aide_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o your_o battle_n or_o by_o lay_v they_o in_o ambush_n aloof_o off_o that_o so_o upon_o a_o word_n give_v they_o may_v sudden_o start_v out_o upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o caesar_n make_v his_o to_o do_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n where_o he_o put_v pompey_n the_o great_a to_o flight_n these_o aide_n must_v be_v of_o the_o most_o chief_a soldier_n you_o have_v with_o officer_n appoint_v for_o their_o conduct_n as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n before_o and_o in_o vegetius_n time_n 17._o vegetius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 17._o who_o do_v always_o res_fw-la rue_n many_o of_o these_o aide_n when_o their_o number_n be_v inferior_a to_o their_o enemy_n their_o 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your_o double_a distance_n the_o use_n of_o this_o be_v twofold_a first_o to_o employ_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o own_o advantage_n make_v your_o number_n seem_v more_o than_o it_o be_v second_o to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o canon_n shoot_v by_o which_o the_o enemy_n afar_o of_o will_v annoy_v your_o flank_n therefore_o you_o march_v at_o a_o double_a distance_n the_o depth_n of_o your_o battle_n be_v double_v by_o number_n number_n double_v thâ—_n depth_n of_o a_o battle_n by_o number_n when_o of_o ten_o in_o file_n it_o be_v make_v twenty_o of_o twenty_o forty_o and_o of_o sorry_a fourscore_o the_o double_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o your_o battle_n may_v be_v do_v upon_o fit_a occasion_n either_o in_o open_a order_n or_o in_o close_a order_n in_o open_a order_n by_o double_v of_o file_n when_o file_n double_v by_o countermarch_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o when_o half_o the_o rank_n double_v the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n when_o rank_n 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hill_n antiochus_n be_v instant_o strike_v into_o amazement_n and_o acilius_n take_v courage_n thereby_o come_v brave_o on_o and_o force_v antiochus_n to_o flight_n thus_o suit_v his_o battle_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n and_o yet_o make_v use_n of_o his_o man_n for_o his_o best_a advantage_n he_o obtain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n one_o example_n more_o out_o of_o xenophons_n history_n and_o so_o i_o will_v conclude_v 4._o â—â—nophon_fw-mi lib._n 4._o the_o grecian_n which_o cherisophus_n and_o xenophon_n conduct_v out_o of_o persia_n be_v in_o the_o champagne_n order_v into_o a_o square_n hollow_a battle_n every_o part_n of_o like_a strength_n with_o their_o baggage_n and_o loose_a multitude_n in_o the_o midst_n these_o grecian_n when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o carduchans_n and_o colchans_n be_v otherwise_o order_v there_o be_v high_a hill_n huge_a steep_a mountain_n and_o but_o narrow_a passage_n they_o must_v now_o be_v imbattel_v not_o in_o a_o hollow_a â—ddest_a hollow_a the_o pâ—aesium_n a_o square_a batel_n of_o man_n â—ollow_v in_o the_o â—ddest_a plaesium_n but_o in_o several_a company_n and_o every_o company_n into_o a_o single_a file_n every_o file_n have_v a_o hundred_o man_n a_o piece_n ascend_v those_o steep_a mountain_n and_o beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o thence_o which_o stand_v thereon_o in_o battle_n array_n do_v more_o with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n than_o a_o king_n of_o persia_n can_v do_v with_o twelve_o myriad_o that_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o thus_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n mirror_n of_o arm_n and_o learning_n do_v always_o shape_v their_o battle_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v perfect_a in_o the_o art_n of_o imbattel_v do_v all_o thing_n proper_a as_o they_o see_v occasion_n the_o like_a must_v we_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o double_n of_o the_o length_n and_o depth_n of_o a_o phalange_n or_o battle_n now_o follow_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o they_o so_o the_o word_n of_o command_n shall_v follow_v for_o all_o in_o the_o five_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o distance_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o battle_n and_o of_o their_o use_n disorder_n be_v the_o confusion_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o good_a order_n prevent_v â—â—is_n confusion_n therefore_o all_o commander_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v must_v study_v to_o prevent_v this_o in_o time_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o observe_v of_o distance_n for_o distance_n be_v the_o rule_n that_o square_n all_o distance_n be_v to_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o body_n the_o battle_n may_v be_v call_v a_o body_n now_o take_v away_o distance_n from_o this_o body_n and_o it_o fall_v to_o ruin_v for_o want_n of_o a_o soul_n iphicrates_n the_o athenian_a say_v that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o man_n the_o light_a horseman_n resemble_v the_o hand_n the_o man_n at_o arm_n the_o foot_n the_o battle_n of_o footman_n the_o stomach_n and_o 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the_o word_n be_v give_v this_o be_v the_o way_n to_o do_v it_o and_o i_o will_v name_v no_o more_o all_o this_o variety_n of_o way_n help_v such_o as_o will_v be_v exquisite_a in_o exercise_v i_o say_v will_v be_v not_o already_o i_o presume_v not_o to_o teach_v any_o that_o know_v more_o than_o myself_o nor_o such_o as_o know_v less_o than_o myself_o yet_o scorn_v to_o be_v teach_v but_o such_o as_o know_v little_a it_o may_v be_v nothing_o yet_o have_v a_o a_o desire_n to_o learn_v to_o such_o i_o that_o know_v some_o thing_n to_o other_o but_o little_a do_v impart_v that_o little_a which_o i_o have_v and_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n will_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o exercise_v a_o company_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v be_v teach_v in_o the_o artillery_n garden_n or_o elsewhere_o for_o i_o have_v attain_v nothing_o but_o by_o pain_n take_v much_o cost_n and_o read_v but_o first_o observe_v my_o method_n in_o exercise_v my_o method_n in_o exercise_v be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n to_o 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left_a hand_n to_o your_o order_n three_o foot_n to_o the_o 〈…〉_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o fâ—le_n râ—nkes_n open_v backward_o to_o your_o double_a distance_n twelve_o foot_n rank_n file_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n file_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n file_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n close_o your_o rank_n to_o six_o foot_n open_v your_o file_n to_o six_o foot_n be_v reduce_v to_o your_o first_o distance_n order_n your_o pike_n lay_v down_o your_o pike_n take_v up_o your_o pike_n and_o order_n thus_o much_o for_o exercise_v and_o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n therein_o use_v the_o several_a posture_n of_o the_o musket_n follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o musket_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o musket_n be_v sundry_a and_o many_o some_o make_v 32._o some_o 40._o some_o 43._o some_o more_o some_o less_o all_o which_o be_v for_o military_a instruction_n in_o the_o time_n of_o trayning_n and_o to_o make_v the_o soldier_n most_o exquisite_a and_o perfect_a but_o in_o time_n of_o present_a service_n before_o the_o face_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o in_o fight_n than_o all_o this_o great_a number_n of_o posture_n they_o reduce_v into_o three_o only_a and_o no_o more_o viz._n 1._o make_v ready_a 2._o present_a 3._o give_v fire_n all_o the_o other_o they_o witty_o and_o proper_o sort_n into_o four_o kind_n or_o order_n to_o be_v perform_v stand_v march_v charge_v and_o discharge_v as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o captain_n pantons_n table_n all_o which_o must_v be_v observe_v thus_o much_o of_o they_o the_o posture_n or_o word_n of_o command_n which_o we_o must_v use_v in_o ordinary_a train_n or_o daily_o exercise_v of_o soldier_n agree_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n form_n and_o by_o order_n from_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n be_v these_o march_v with_o your_o musket_n shoulder_v and_o the_o rest_n in_o your_o right_a 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ram_n in_o your_o powder_n draw_v out_o your_o stick_n charge_v with_o bullet_n ram_n in_o your_o bullet_n draw_v out_o your_o stick_n shorten_v your_o stick_n and_o put_v it_o up_o bring_v your_o musket_n forward_o with_o your_o left_a hand_n poise_n it_o in_o your_o right_a hand_n and_o recover_v your_o rest_n shoulder_v your_o musket_n march_z and_o carry_v your_o rest_n with_o your_o musket_n vnshoulder_n your_o musket_n lay_v your_o musket_n in_o the_o rest_n stand_o rest_v your_o salute_a posture_n as_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n take_v your_o match_n between_o the_o second_o finger_n and_o the_o thumb_n blow_v your_o match_n cock_n your_o match_n try_v your_o match_n guard_z your_o pan_n and_o be_v ready_a this_o last_o be_v the_o sentinel_n posture_n thâ—s_v i_o have_v run_v over_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o musket_n after_o the_o low_a couâ—tâ—y_a foâ—me_n first_o march_v then_o discharge_v then_o câ—aâ—ging_v after_o stand_v add_v three_o more_o unâ—o_v they_o because_o thâ—_n charge_v with_o the_o bullet_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o i_o hope_v will_v give_v oftence_n to_o none_o as_o for_o the_o gesture_n of_o the_o body_n hand_n and_o foot_n to_o grace_v the_o posture_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o book_n express_v it_o by_o figure_n or_o to_o â—â—e_z artillery_n gaâ—den_n or_o military_a yâ—rd_n where_o it_o be_v do_v by_o some_o â—xâ—â—â—â—â—y_n buâ—_n never_o to_o be_v obtain_v without_o practice_n you_o may_v likewâ—â—â—â—egin_v wheâ—e_v you_o please_v for_o this_o form_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o ob_n erâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o artillery_n garden_n b_o caâ—â—â—ou_fw-mi have_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o pâ—ke_v implicit_a and_o not_o distiâ—â—â—_n but_o mix_v with_o other_o kind_n of_o motion_n different_a from_o thâ—m_n i_o will_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n show_v they_o several_a and_o conclude_v chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o several_a posture_n of_o the_o pike_n the_o several_a posture_n of_o the_o pike_n say_v sargeant_n trussell_n be_v in_o number_n twelve_o three_o be_v to_o be_v do_v stand_v six_z marching_z use_v three_o charge_v the_o three_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v stand_v he_o express_v thus_o lay_v dâ—wâ—â—_n your_o piâ—â—_n tâ—kâ—_n up_o your_o pike_n â—â—der_o your_o pikâ—_n the_o siâ—_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v march_v he_o express_v thus_o aâ—â—ance_v your_o pike_n shoulder_v your_o pike_n level_n your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n cheek_n your_o pike_n trail_v your_o pike_n the_o three_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v charge_v he_o express_v thus_o poâ—t_n charge_v over_o hand_n charge_v at_o the_o right_a foot_n for_o horse_n this_o be_v the_o brief_a epitome_n of_o the_o posture_n which_o that_o gentleman_n take_v from_o captain_n pantons_n table_n captain_n panton_n from_o the_o book_n publish_v by_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n the_o count_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n and_o i_o from_o both_o so_o i_o end_v my_o book_n let_v god_n have_v the_o glory_n amen_n exodus_fw-la 15_o 3._o the_o lord_z be_v a_o man_n of_o war_n his_o name_n be_v jehovah_n finis_fw-la
ought_v to_o know_v by_o the_o drum_n 1._o a_o call_n 2._o a_o march_n 3._o a_o troop_n 4._o a_o charge_n 5._o a_o retreat_n 6._o a_o battalion_n 7._o a_o battery_n 8._o a_o relief_n for_o when_o the_o commander_n voice_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o company_n the_o drum_n denounce_v &_o express_v the_o same_o the_o next_o chapter_n show_v what_o the_o distance_n of_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v which_o soldier_n must_v know_v chap._n xiii_o what_o the_o distance_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v which_o soldier_n must_v know_v there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o distance_n in_o file_n say_v somme_fw-fr and_o they_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v fiâ—es_n distance_n in_o fiâ—es_n the_o first_o be_v close_a the_o second_o be_v close_o the_o three_o be_v order_n the_o forth_o be_v open_a order_n the_o five_o double_a distance_n which_o be_v pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a three_o foot_n six_o foot_n twelve_o foot_n there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o distance_n in_o rank_n say_v they_o rank_n distance_n in_o rank_n the_o first_o be_v close_a the_o second_o be_v close_o the_o three_o be_v order_n the_o four_o be_v open_a order_n the_o five_o double_a distance_n which_o be_v to_o the_o sword_n point_n three_o foot_n six_o foot_n twelve_o foot_n four_o &_o twenty_o foot_n although_o they_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o to_o be_v five_o in_o number_n yet_o most_o commander_n observe_v and_o teach_v as_o most_o proper_a only_o three_o viz._n close_o order_n and_o open_v order_n antiquity_n have_v no_o more_o yet_o the_o rest_n must_v not_o be_v casher_v or_o slight_v for_o some_o time_n a_o commander_n must_v do_v that_o in_o a_o double_a distance_n which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o a_o single_a therefore_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o know_v all_o distance_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o execute_v what_o their_o captain_n command_v the_o next_o chapter_n show_v how_o a_o file_n and_o a_o rank_n be_v distinguish_v for_o a_o soldier_n to_o know_v chap._n xiiii_o how_o a_o file_n and_o a_o rank_n be_v distinguish_v for_o a_o soldier_n to_o know_v a_o file_n be_v a_o number_n of_o man_n begin_v at_o one_o leader_n and_o contynue_v in_o order_n of_o follower_n to_o the_o last_o man_n fiâ—e_n a_o distinction_n of_o a_o fiâ—e_n aelian_a chap._n 4._o or_o thus_o a_o file_n be_v a_o sequence_n of_o man_n stand_v one_o behind_o another_o back_n to_o belly_n and_o consist_v common_o of_o ten_o or_o eight_o in_o depth_n suidas_n suidas_n the_o depth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v forth_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n a_o rank_n be_v a_o number_n of_o man_n side_n to_o side_n in_o a_o right_a line_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o body_n unto_o the_o other_o and_o be_v term_v the_o length_n because_o it_o run_v along_o the_o front_n unto_o each_o wing_n aelian_a chap._n 7._o rank_n a_o distinction_n of_o a_o rank_n or_o thus_o a_o rank_n be_v a_o row_n of_o man_n stand_v one_o by_o another_o pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n or_o shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n their_o face_n be_v direct_v all_o one_o way_n this_o distinction_n of_o file_n and_o rank_n a_o soldier_n must_v know_v that_o when_o he_o be_v bid_v to_o double_a file_n he_o may_v not_o rank_n and_o when_o he_o be_v bid_v to_o double_a rank_n he_o may_v not_o file_n the_o next_o chapter_n show_v what_o the_o fight_n be_v which_o soldier_n must_v be_v expertin_n chap._n xv._o what_o fight_v they_o be_v which_o soldier_n must_v be_v expert_a in_o the_o fight_v necessary_a for_o all_o soldier_n to_o be_v expert_a in_o be_v six_o first_o to_o fight_v advance_v upon_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v when_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o vanguard_n enemy_n to_o fight_v advance_v upon_o a_o enemy_n and_o they_o by_o two_o rank_n a_o piece_n march_v from_o the_o body_n ten_o pace_n and_o give_v fire_n at_o the_o place_n appoint_v or_o when_o the_o first_o rank_n give_v fire_n march_v still_o on_o with_o the_o body_n and_o the_o next_o rank_n pass_v through_o by_o their_o right_a hand_n give_v fire_n stand_v still_o before_o they_o and_o so_o still_o successive_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n this_o be_v like_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v to_o gain_n ground_n second_o to_o fight_v retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n this_o be_v when_o the_o last_o rank_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n give_v fire_n enemy_n to_o fight_v upon_o a_o march_n retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o place_n themselves_o before_o their_o file_n leader_n but_o if_o you_o will_v maintain_v a_o set_a fight_n with_o the_o enemy_n to_o gain_v a_o better_a ground_n than_o it_o be_v requisite_a you_o teach_v they_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v make_v your_o file_n leader_n to_o face_n about_o and_o stand_v the_o rest_n to_o pass_v through_o by_o the_o right_a hand_n place_v themselves_o behind_o their_o leader_n and_o so_o meet_v your_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n with_o your_o best_a man_n three_o to_o fight_v front_n and_o rear_n with_o the_o enemy_n this_o be_v when_o the_o middle_a man_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n enemy_n to_o sight_n front_n &_o rear_n with_o a_o enemy_n and_o all_o the_o musketeer_n fall_v in_o the_o division_n between_o both_o four_o to_o fight_v with_o both_o flank_n against_o a_o enemy_n stand_v this_o be_v when_o the_o outward_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n be_v command_v to_o face_n have_v give_v fire_n enemy_n to_o fight_v stand_v both_o plank_n against_o a_o enemy_n each_o file_n devide_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n one_o half_a march_n up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o place_n itself_o in_o a_o right_a line_n before_o the_o first_o file_n of_o pike_n the_o other_o half_a march_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n itself_o in_o a_o right_a line_n behind_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o same_o file_n of_o pike_n the_o like_a do_v all_o the_o rest_n on_o the_o contrary_a flank_n exercise_n captain_n bingham_n his_o exercise_n so_o continue_v half_o the_o shot_n will_v be_v in_o the_o front_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o rear_n then_o do_v but_o face_v they_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n and_o each_o flank_n will_v be_v a_o battle_n for_o the_o enemy_n five_o to_o give_v fire_n by_o flank_n upon_o the_o enemy_n march_v this_o be_v when_o both_o their_o outward_a file_n next_o to_o the_o enemy_n make_v ready_a enâ—mie_n to_o fight_v march_v both_o flank_n against_o a_o enâ—mie_n face_n to_o either_o hand_n give_v fire_n at_o command_n stay_v till_o the_o rest_n of_o all_o the_o file_n be_v clear_a of_o they_o then_o march_v up_o by_o the_o pike_n till_o all_o the_o rest_n do_v the_o like_a bring_v they_o again_o to_o their_o first_o place_n or_o when_o they_o give_v fire_n and_o stand_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v in_o two_o file_n the_o body_n of_o pick_v march_v a_o officer_n come_v and_o gather_v up_o the_o wing_n &_o join_v they_o again_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o pike_n enemy_n to_o fight_v against_o horse_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n for_o the_o purpose_n against_o a_o enemy_n six_o to_o fight_v against_o horse_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o be_v when_o they_o countermarch_n their_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v empale_v round_o with_o pike_n and_o so_o draw_v forth_o on_o either_o side_n under_o the_o shelter_n of_o they_o in_o these_o six_o fight_n your_o soldier_n must_v be_v very_o expert_a that_o they_o may_v avoid_v all_o confusion_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n before_o mention_v ☞_o ☞_o the_o next_o two_o chapter_n declare_v what_o quality_n they_o be_v which_o befit_v marshal_n man_n and_o how_o requisite_a it_o be_v for_o they_o to_o be_v wise_a and_o politic_a to_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o their_o man_n and_o how_o politic_a wisdom_n may_v be_v attain_a with_o a_o brief_a summarie_n thereof_o chap._n xvi_o what_o quality_n they_o be_v which_o befitt_a marshal_n men._n the_o quality_n which_o befit_v marshal_n man_n be_v many_o but_o i_o will_v at_o this_o time_n treat_v but_o of_o eight_o and_o they_o be_v these_o viz._n silence_n obedience_n secrecy_n sobriety_n valour_n loyalty_n freedom_n from_o bribe_n moderation_n in_o expense_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o silence_n silence_n silence_n silence_n be_v of_o such_o veneration_n among_o the_o egyptian_n that_o they_o make_v thereof_o a_o god_n which_o with_o they_o be_v call_v harpocrates_n and_o according_a to_o the_o greek_n sigaleon_n he_o they_o portrature_v in_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o young_a child_n 5._o august_n de_fw-fr civet_n dei_fw-la li._n 18._o cap._n 5._o who_o close_o to_o his_o lip_n
shall_v at_o last_o have_v be_v force_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n to_o have_v forsake_v italy_n to_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o this_o man_n who_o by_o policy_n and_o wisdom_n may_v have_v be_v say_v to_o have_v overthrow_v hannibal_n for_o this_o he_o be_v despise_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o count_v a_o coward_n and_o confront_v by_o they_o but_o hannibal_n most_o of_o all_o fear_v he_o and_o therefore_o crafty_o put_v this_o trick_n upon_o he_o fabius'_n cannibal_n craftiness_n against_o fabius'_n he_o command_v his_o soldier_n when_o they_o come_v near_o any_o of_o fabiâ—s_a land_n that_o they_o shall_v burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o round_a about_o they_o but_o give_v they_o charge_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o meddle_v with_o fabius_n land_n nor_o any_o thing_n of_o he_o and_o do_v purposely_o appoint_v a_o garrison_n to_o see_v that_o nothing_o of_o fabius_n shall_v miscarry_v nor_o take_v hurt_v this_o be_v straight_o carry_v to_o rome_n which_o do_v wonderful_o incense_v the_o people_n against_o he_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o metellus_n their_o tribune_n who_o make_v they_o a_o oration_n in_o which_o he_o tax_v he_o no_o more_o of_o cowardliness_n but_o of_o flat_a treason_n accuse_v the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o rome_n say_v that_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n they_o have_v lay_v a_o plot_n to_o draw_v these_o war_n out_o at_o length_n only_o to_o destroy_v the_o people_n power_n and_o authority_n have_v bring_v the_o whole_a commonweal_n into_o the_o state_n of_o a_o monarchy_n and_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o private_a person_n who_o by_o his_o remissness_n and_o delay_n will_v give_v hannibal_n leisure_n to_o plant_v himself_o in_o italy_n and_o in_o time_n give_v open_a passage_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o send_v hannibal_n a_o second_o aid_n and_o army_n and_o to_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o all_o italy_n persuade_v the_o people_n therefore_o to_o take_v the_o tyrannical_a power_n of_o dictatorship_n from_o he_o and_o to_o put_v their_o affair_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o minutius_n general_n of_o their_o horseman_n who_o will_v and_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o bring_v they_o safe_o to_o pass_v the_o people_n be_v tickle_v marvellous_o with_o these_o seditious_a word_n but_o yet_o they_o dare_v not_o force_n fabius_n to_o resign_v his_o dictatorship_n dictator_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o fabius_n the_o dictator_n though_o they_o bear_v he_o a_o great_a grudge_n and_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o in_o their_o heart_n howbeit_o they_o ordain_v that_o minutius_n shall_v thenceforth_o have_v equal_a power_n and_o authority_n with_o the_o dictator_n in_o the_o war_n a_o thing_n that_o be_v never_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o before_o now_o say_v be_v not_o this_o a_o brave_a policy_n of_o hannibal_n to_o bring_v fabius_n into_o such_o dislike_n at_o rome_n and_o rome_n itself_o into_o such_o a_o uproar_n upon_o it_o sure_o it_o be_v and_o it_o have_v as_o good_a success_n as_o may_v be_v therefore_o have_v sufficient_a precedent_n for_o these_o thing_n fear_v not_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n when_o you_o see_v fit_a time_n i_o conclude_v now_o as_o i_o begin_v that_o all_o these_o policy_n and_o more_o be_v to_o be_v attain_v with_o learning_n and_o often_o read_v of_o history_n as_o by_o all_o brave_a commander_n which_o ever_o be_v yet_o may_v well_o be_v understand_v and_o therefore_o let_v no_o man_n think_v but_o a_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v learned_a and_o read_v the_o which_o join_v with_o experience_n make_v he_o a_o perfect_a man_n of_o war_n and_o without_o this_o learning_n and_o read_v a_o soldier_n may_v haunt_v the_o war_n many_o year_n and_o never_o attain_v to_o the_o deep_a point_n of_o soldiery_n 173._o in_o barret_n be_v of_o war_n lib._n 8._o pag._n 173._o the_o which_o by_o much_o read_n and_o few_o year_n of_o experience_n may_v be_v far_o better_a perfect_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o lucullus_n the_o roman_a commander_n and_o many_o other_o of_o other_o nation_n thus_o much_o of_o policy_n and_o of_o the_o quality_n which_o befit_v martial_a man_n the_o next_o eight_o chapter_n follow_v declare_v the_o use_n of_o facing_n the_o use_n of_o wheeling_n the_o use_n of_o counter-marching_a the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o use_n of_o those_o distance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o battle_n natural_o arise_v out_o of_o double_v with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o either_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o use_n of_o facing_n in_o exercise_n we_o common_o prefix_v unto_o ourselves_o this_o method_n or_o order_n first_o to_o face_n and_o stand_v second_o to_o face_n and_o march_v when_o we_o face_n and_o stand_v stand_v ☜_o of_o face_v and_o stand_v it_o be_v to_o show_v our_o soldier_n how_o they_o shall_v defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v set_v upon_o in_o front_n in_o rear_n in_o flank_n by_o transfer_v their_o face_n that_o way_n to_o receive_v they_o close_v or_o sering_a themselves_o together_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n and_o bear_v out_o a_o bingham_n a_o this_o be_v lively_o express_v in_o the_o hollow_a battle_n call_v plaesium_n wherâ—_n the_o musketier_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n the_o pike_n outward_o front_v every_o way_n and_o charginâ—_n over-hand_n to_o shelter_v the_o musketeer_n apian_a in_o the_o war_n of_o syria_n and_o capt._n bingham_n multitude_n of_o pike_n every_o way_n upon_o they_o as_o that_o phalange_n of_o antiochus_n the_o great_a do_v when_o domitius_n scipio_n lieutenant_n encompass_v it_o round_o with_o horseman_n and_o light_n arm_v i_o can_v do_v amiss_o in_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o unto_o you_o it_o be_v so_o pertinent_a for_o my_o purpose_n and_o so_o fit_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o motion_n therefore_o out_o of_o apian_a i_o will_v dilate_v it_o thus_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o horse_n and_o chariot_n of_o antiochus_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o by_o eumenes_n his_o phalange_n of_o foot_n be_v destitute_a of_o horse_n first_o open_v and_o receive_v the_o light_n arm_v that_o have_v all_o the_o while_n fight_v in_o the_o front_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o then_o afterward_o again_o close_v and_o when_o domitius_n scipio_n lieutenant_n encompass_v it_o about_o with_o horse_n and_o light_n arm_v which_o he_o may_v easy_o do_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v thrust_v up_o in_o a_o thick_a midst_n thick_a this_o plinthâ—um_n be_v a_o greaâ—_n square_a battle_n full_a of_o man_n and_o not_o the_o hollow_a plinthium_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o xâ—nophon_n the_o depth_n oâ—_n this_o plinthium_fw-la be_v 32._o in_o depth_n the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o midst_n plinthium_fw-la it_o be_v drive_v to_o great_a distress_n be_v neither_o able_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n nor_o yet_o to_o countermarch_n in_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o it_o carry_v it_o grieve_v they_o much_o that_o their_o long_a experience_n nothing_o avail_v they_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o arrow_n and_o dart_n at_o all_o hand_n yet_o bear_v out_o a_o multitude_n of_o pike_n on_o every_o side_n of_o their_o square_n they_o call_v the_o roman_n to_o come_v to_o handle_v blow_n and_o still_o make_v a_o countenance_n as_o though_o they_o mean_v to_o charge_n keep_v themselves_o for_o all_o that_o within_o their_o rank_n as_o be_v footman_n and_o heavy_a arm_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o enemy_n on_o horseback_n beside_o they_o be_v loath_a to_o break_v the_o thickness_n of_o their_o battle_n which_o form_n they_o can_v not_o now_o alter_v the_o roman_n also_o dare_v not_o approach_v they_o and_o come_v to_o sword_n fear_v their_o experience_n in_o war_n and_o closeness_n of_o array_n and_o desperation_n but_o run_v about_o here_o and_o there_o ply_v they_o with_o arrow_n and_o dart_n whereof_o none_o be_v throw_v in_o vain_a fall_v among_o a_o troop_n so_o close_o put_v together_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o avoid_v and_o decline_v any_o thing_n throw_v nor_o give_v a_o way_n albeit_o they_o see_v it_o come_v at_o last_o be_v weary_a and_o irresolute_a what_o to_o do_v they_o retire_v easy_o with_o a_o threaten_a countenance_n notwithstanding_o and_o in_o good_a order_n and_o not_o deliver_v the_o roman_n of_o fear_n who_o dare_v not_o yet_o come_v near_o but_o seek_v to_o annoy_v they_o aloof_o till_o the_o elephant_n place_v in_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n be_v affright_v and_o not_o to_o be_v rule_v by_o their_o governor_n trouble_v all_o and_o give_v occasion_n of_o flight_n hitherto_o appian_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v how_o sudden_o they_o do_v face_n maintain_v a_o charge_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o stand_n and_o when_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o come_v to_o handy_a stroke_n with_o they_o they_o angry_o yet_o
the_o same_o ground_n if_o we_o counter_a march_n by_o file_n it_o be_v to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n with_o our_o best_a man_n if_o by_o rank_n it_o be_v to_o bring_v one_o wing_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o or_o all_o our_o best_a man_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o countermarch_v by_o file_n or_o rank_n to_o change_v our_o ground_n we_o do_v it_o either_o by_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a oâ—_n the_o ground_n the_o the_o modern_a countermarch_v stand_v be_v thus_o perform_v the_o fyle-leader_n countermarch_a to_o the_o right_n the_o next_o rank_n stand_v till_o they_o be_v pass_v than_o they_o follow_v the_o like_a do_v all_o the_o rest_n transfer_v themselves_o to_o a_o new_a ground_n modern_a countermarch_v which_o be_v invent_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o to_o be_v perform_v stand_v if_o to_o maintain_v ground_n than_o we_o do_v it_o by_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_v which_o make_v the_o fileleader_n to_o take_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o and_o the_o bringer_n up_o the_o same_o ground_n in_o the_o which_o the_o fileleader_n stand_v the_o like_a in_o the_o wing_n these_o countermarche_n namely_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o choraean_a be_v describe_v by_o aelian_a thus_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v file_n countermarch_v aelian_a chap._n 20_o of_o the_o macedonian_a crunter-march_a by_o file_n by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n turn_v about_o his_o face_n &_o all_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o bringer-up_a go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n place_n themselves_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o according_a as_o the_o fileleader_n himself_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n this_o countermarch_v you_o see_v transfer_v the_o whole_a file_n to_o another_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o by_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o front_n in_o lieu_n of_o that_o it_o lose_v behind_o it_o likewise_o make_v show_n to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o run_v away_o but_o it_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n say_v that_o before_o thy_o battle_n lie_v a_o river_n file_n the_o use_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n and_o between_o the_o river_n and_o thou_o a_o fair_a plot_n of_o ground_n high_a than_o that_o thou_o stand_v upon_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o compel_v thou_o to_o fight_v the_o only_a way_n to_o oppose_v he_o with_o the_o best_a man_n and_o to_o get_v this_o ground_n for_o thy_o advantage_n be_v this_o macedonian_a countermarch_v this_o countermarch_v be_v first_o invent_v by_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n be_v 28._o of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n describe_v by_o aelian_a chap._n 28._o when_o the_o bringer_n up_o turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n turn_v also_o their_o face_n and_o proceed_v forward_o together_o with_o their_o fyle-leader_n order_n themselves_o proportionable_o in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o else_o when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o he_o that_o stand_v next_o before_o he_o passi_v by_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n be_v place_v again_o next_o before_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v be_v place_v one_o before_o another_o in_o their_o former_a order_n till_o the_o fyle-leader_n be_v first_o in_o this_o countermarch_v you_o see_v the_o proceed_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a that_o take_v the_o ground_n before_o the_o phalange_n or_o battle_n this_o take_v the_o ground_n after_o in_o that_o the_o move_n be_v from_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o front_n in_o this_o from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n 28._o rear_n captain_n bingham_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aelian_a chap._n 28._o aelian_a prefer_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v before_o the_o macedoman_n because_o in_o it_o the_o soldier_n seem_v to_o fall_v on_o and_o charge_n wherein_o the_o macedonian_a they_o seem_v to_o fly_v there_o be_v notwithstanding_o time_n as_o captain_n bingham_n note_v when_o it_o be_v better_a to_o use_v the_o macedonian_a as_o when_o you_o seek_v to_o gain_v some_o ground_n of_o advantage_n or_o in_o case_n you_o mean_v to_o march_v on_o and_o not_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n unless_o you_o be_v compel_v for_o the_o macedonian_a continue_v still_o the_o march_n and_o stay_v not_o the_o lacedaemonian_a return_v upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o lose_v ground_n in_o march_v there_o be_v likewise_o time_n say_v i_o when_o it_o be_v more_o requisite_a to_o use_v this_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v than_o any_o other_o as_o in_o case_n you_o have_v pass_v the_o ground_n which_o the_o enemy_n follow_v seek_v to_o gain_v and_o to_o charge_v you_o sudden_o the_o only_a way_n to_o possess_v it_o again_o and_o to_o fight_v with_o he_o with_o your_o best_a man_n be_v thus_o to_o countermarch_v the_o macedonian_a here_n will_v do_v no_o good_a 28._o aeâ—ian_n chap._n 28._o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v another_o countermarch_v which_o bear_v the_o name_n and_o that_o be_v this_o the_o fyle-leader_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o every_o one_o in_o their_o file_n follow_v they_o orderly_o this_o be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o modern_a countermarch_v now_o in_o use_n the_o cretan_a the_o of_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_v by_o file_n otherwise_o call_v persian_a or_o cretan_a choraean_a countermarch_v by_o file_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o fyle-leader_n turn_v about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n precede_v the_o file_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n follow_v till_o the_o fyle-leader_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer-up_a and_o the_o bringer-up_a the_o place_n of_o the_o fyle-leader_n this_o countermarch_v say_v aelian_a be_v call_v likewise_o persian_a &_o cretan_a persian_a and_o câ—etan_n say_v captain_n bingham_n because_o it_o be_v use_v among_o the_o persian_n and_o cretan_n 28._o captain_n bingham_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aelian_a chap._n 28._o choraean_a also_o for_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o the_o solelmne_v grecian_a dance_n upon_o stage_n the_o company_n that_o show_v themselves_o in_o such_o dance_n be_v call_v chorus_n who_o in_o their_o dance_n order_v themselves_o into_o syle_n and_o rank_n as_o soldier_n do_v in_o battle_n and_o move_v themselves_o to_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o stage_n when_o be_v straighten_v by_o the_o place_n they_o can_v pass_v no_o further_o they_o retire_v one_o through_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o other_o exceed_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o this_o countermarch_v file_n the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o choraean_a cuunter-march_a by_o file_n it_o may_v be_v command_v thus_o fyle-leader_n countermarch_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v your_o distance_n or_o thus_o fyles_n countermarch_v and_o maintain_v ground_n the_o lacedaemonian_a may_v be_v command_v thus_o word_n thus_o the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n deliver_v in_o captain_n binghams_n own_o word_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_v and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o another_o till_o the_o fyle-leader_n be_v first_o or_o thus_o face_n all_o to_o the_o rear_n bringers-up_a stand_n the_o next_o rank_n pass_v through_o by_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o they_o keep_v your_o distance_n all_o the_o rest_n move_v with_o they_o place_v yourselves_o one_o before_o another_o till_o the_o fyle-leader_n be_v first_o when_o your_o man_n be_v perfect_v you_o need_v but_o say_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v and_o it_o be_v enough_o this_o gain_v the_o ground_n lie_v after_o the_o rear_n as_o the_o macedonian_a the_o groundlying_a before_o the_o front_n now_o the_o macedonian_a may_v be_v thus_o command_v fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n 28._o word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n aelian_a chap._n 28._o the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v look_v what_o these_o countermarche_n do_v by_o file_n the_o very_a same_o they_o do_v by_o rank_n for_o like_a advantage_n the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o rank_n take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contrary_a wing_n begin_v to_o move_v at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o wing_n