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move_v at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o enemy_n the_o enemy_n appear_v to_o either_o flank_n and_o therefore_o incur_v the_o same_o imputation_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o file_n as_o seem_v to_o run_v away_o because_o it_o dismarch_v from_o the_o enemy_n yet_o be_v there_o use_v of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o by_o file_n for_o by_o this_o countermarch_n you_o may_v set_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o your_o army_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o apply_v the_o weak_a to_o some_o river_n lake_n hill_n or_o such_o like_a so_o that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o come_v to_o encompass_v it_o it_o take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contrary_a wing_n the_o lacedaemonian_a take_v the_o ground_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o wing_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o bring_v the_o best_a man_n to_o be_v foremost_a against_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o begin_v the_o move_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v when_o your_o force_n be_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v the_o enemy_n and_o you_o desire_v to_o bring_v your_o best_a man_n to_o fight_v the_o choraean_a keep_v the_o same_o ground_n the_o battle_n have_v at_o first_o &_o bring_v one_o wing_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o or_o else_o the_o section_n to_o possess_v the_o place_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o may_v have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o last_o example_n cite_v concern_v scipio_n and_o asdrubal_n the_o manner_n of_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o countermarch_n by_o file_n in_o countermarch_n by_o file_n the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o either_o the_o front_n remove_v towards_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n towards_o the_o front_n and_o take_v one_o a_o other_o place_n in_o this_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n flanke-wise_a the_o wing_n either_o march_v into_o the_o midst_n or_o else_o clean_a through_o to_o the_o other_o wing_n in_o do_v it_o the_o soldier_n that_o stand_v uttermost_a in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o wing_n must_v move_v first_o to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o every_o rank_n several_o follow_v they_o in_o order_n the_o figure_n will_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n patritius_fw-la utter_o mistake_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n and_o ground_v himself_o upon_o a_o wrong_a principle_n namely_o that_o in_o all_o countermarch_v the_o fileleader_n must_v march_v towards_o the_o rear_n and_o the_o bringers-up_a towards_o the_o front_n and_o therefore_o in_o change_v the_o wing_n into_o section_n he_o make_v the_o wing_n to_o fall_v of_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n wheel_v about_o and_o there_o to_o join_v themselves_o as_o near_o as_o the_o middle_a section_n will_v give_v leave_n and_o the_o section_n fall_v back_o likewise_o to_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o 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bringers-up_a the_o word_n of_o command_n may_v be_v these_o for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n the_o first_o manner_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_n and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o a_o other_o till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o second_o manner_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o let_v every_o man_n file_n follow_v he_o and_o keep_v true_a distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o file_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v their_o distance_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_n turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o orderly_o behind_o your_o sideman_n keep_v your_o distance_n cap_n 29_o dobling_n of_o rank_n the_o front_n before_o dobling_n of_o rank_n dobling_n of_o rank_n in_o action_n the_o front_n after_o dobling_n of_o rank_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o first_o manner_n the_o corner_n file_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n turn_v your_o face_n and_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o sideman_n orderly_o keep_v your_o distance_n the_o second_o manner_n the_o right_a or_o left_a wing_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v not_o countermarch_n to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o all_o in_o the_o rank_n follow_v every_o man_n his_o side-man_n keep_v your_o distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o uttermost_a corner_n file_v of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v wing_n countermarch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n and_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v ranke-wise_a keep_v their_o distance_n of_o double_v and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o chap._n xxix_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o depth_n or_o file_n and_o 2_o either_o of_o these_o double_a the_o number_n or_o the_o place_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o a_o front_n of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v a_o front_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o 248_o file_n by_o insert_v in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n some_o of_o the_o follower_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o depth_n this_o be_v do_v to_o the_o end_n to_o thicken_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o lift_v to_o recall_v they_o to_o their_o first_o posture_n we_o be_v to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v insert_v to_o countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o 4_o there_o be_v that_o mislike_v these_o doubling_n especial_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o will_v have_v a_o show_n of_o double_v make_v without_o indeed_o double_v the_o phalange_n already_o order_v by_o stretch_v out_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n 5_o the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o length_n be_v when_o either_o we_o will_v over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o else_o ourselves_o fear_v to_o be_v over-winged_n the_o depth_n be_v double_v 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n into_o the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v place_v next_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o three_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o six_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forth_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o whole_a second_o file_n be_v ingross_v into_o the_o first_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n into_o the_o three_o and_o all_o the_o even_a file_n into_o the_o odd_a doubâ—ing_v of_o the_o depth_n by_o countermarch_v be_v make_v either_o when_o the_o next_o side-file_n in_o several_a as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a file_n or_o else_o the_o file_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o place_n and_o number_n half_a of_o they_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a countermarch_n likewise_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o other_o there_o order_n themselves_o and_o so_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o we_o will_v return_v they_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o must_v recall_v those_o that_o be_v convey_v to_o stand_v behind_o to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o the_o countermarch_v note_n the_o former_a three_o motion_n alter_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o phalange_n for_o whether_o you_o turn_v face_n wheel_a or_o countermarch_v the_o phalange_n the_o depth_n and_o length_n remain_v one_o the_o motion_n to_o be_v express_v in_o this_o chapter_n induce_v a_o other_o shape_n to_o the_o phalange_n and_o make_v it_o seem_v a_o different_a body_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o be_v by_o double_v extend_v either_o in_o length_n or_o in_o depth_n for_o double_v the_o number_n of_o man_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o front_n make_v the_o length_n twice_o as_o much_o and_o double_v the_o same_o in_o flank_n make_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o that_o it_o be_v before_o for_o double_v be_v nothing_o else_o then_o make_v a_o military_a body_n twice_o as_o long_o or_o twice_o as_o deep_o as_o it_o be_v before_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o doubling_n be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o depth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n say_v of_o rank_n or_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n and_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o other_o kind_n the_o body_n be_v 2_o double_v in_o number_n or_o place_n that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v number_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o person_n or_o dipâ—asiasai_n by_o suidas_n man_n it_o be_v call_v person_n in_o the_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v to_o aelian_a i_o know_v not_o by_o who_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o countermarche_n which_o because_o it_o lay_v thrust_v in_o betwixt_o the_o description_n of_o countermarche_n and_o nothing_o pertein_v to_o that_o argument_n i_o never_o make_v doubt_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o i_o be_o rather_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v it_o noteâ—_n with_o a_o asterisk_n in_o that_o aelian_a be_v of_o robortellus_n edition_n which_o the_o learned_a isaac_n casaubon_n have_v quote_v and_o purpose_v to_o set_v forth_o if_o untimely_a dâ—ath_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n because_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o aelian_n and_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o be_v the_o word_n â—hat_n a_o phalange_n be_v double_v in_o person_n or_o place_n when_o we_o therefore_o take_v half_a the_o soldier_n from_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v file_n of_o they_o place_v they_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v 248_o this_o be_v double_v of_o person_n in_o like_a sort_n we_o double_v the_o place_n with_o 124_o file_n not_o increase_v the_o number_n but_o only_o command_v some_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n some_o to_o the_o target_n till_o the_o phalange_n be_v stretch_v out_o to_o a_o convenient_a length_n as_o from_o 5_o furlong_n to_o 10._o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o depth_n double_v for_o either_o one_o file_n be_v insert_v into_o a_o other_o man_n for_o man_n so_o that_o the_o second_o file-leader_n become_v the_o follower_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o man_n in_o the_o second_o file_n the_o follower_n of_o the_o second_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n or_o else_o 16_o man_n be_v so_o extend_v that_o they_o hold_v as_o much_o ground_n in_o length_n as_o 32_o usuallydoe_n so_o far_o the_o insertion_n it_o follow_v in_o aelian_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o
threefold_a gate_n or_o door_n how_o the_o motion_n of_o wheel_a double_a and_o treble_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxxii_o it_o follow_v to_o show_v how_o a_o battle_n may_v be_v turn_v or_o wheel_v and_o how_o after_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o station_n cap._n 30._o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o brode-fronted_n phalange_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o hearse_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v the_o front_n lâ—â—halanx_n or_o the_o uneven_a front_a phalange_n cap._n 31._o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a entaxis_fw-la or_o insertion_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n but_o in_o case_n we_o desire_v to_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n we_o command_v the_o left-hand-file_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o move_v forward_o close_o up_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n file_n then_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n as_o they_o be_v then_o to_o gather_v up_o the_o hinder_a rank_n then_o to_o wheel_v the_o battle_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o stand_v and_o so_o be_v it_o do_v that_o be_v command_v but_o if_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v needful_a we_o must_v do_v as_o we_o do_v in_o return_v from_o the_o right_n for_o every_o man_n must_v turn_v about_o his_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n then_o the_o whole_a battle_n wheel_v about_o the_o left-hand-corner-file-leader_n must_v return_v to_o the_o place_n it_o have_v then_o all_o the_o fileleader_n stand_v firm_a and_o turn_v about_o their_o face_n and_o the_o rest_n open_v their_o rank_n in_o move_v forward_o and_o make_v alte_fw-la then_o the_o left_a hand_n file_n be_v to_o stand_v firm_a for_o it_o have_v the_o place_n it_o first_o have_v and_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o open_v their_o file_n and_o move_v forward_o till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o first_o distance_n then_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n as_o at_o first_o and_o so_o shall_v every_o man_n be_v in_o his_o first_o posture_n now_o if_o we_o will_v wheel_v the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n we_o be_v to_o make_v 2_o wheeling_n to_o the_o same_o side_n so_o will_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fileleader_n shall_v in_o the_o change_n have_v their_o face_n turn_v to_o the_o rear_n where_o before_o they_o have_v they_o look_v out_o from_o the_o front_n but_o in_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o command_v it_o to_o wheel_v about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n that_o be_v we_o give_v it_o two_o wheeling_n more_o the_o same_o way_n so_o the_o fileleader_n will_v have_v their_o face_n set_v as_o at_o first_o then_o we_o command_v the_o fileleader_n to_o stand_v firm_a and_o the_o rest_n to_o open_v their_o rank_n behind_o then_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n about_o then_o the_o right_a hand_n file_v to_o stand_v still_o for_o it_o have_v the_o right_a place_n and_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o march_v on_o till_o the_o former_a distance_n be_v regain_v then_o to_o make_v alte._n so_o be_v the_o battle_n reduce_v to_o the_o first_o station_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o battle_n turn_v about_o to_o the_o target_n you_o be_v to_o give_v contrary_a direction_n that_o be_v in_o stead_n of_o command_v a_o double_a wheel_a to_o the_o pike_n to_o command_v a_o double_a wheel_a to_o the_o target_n then_o by_o make_v two_o turn_n the_o contrary_a way_n to_o use_v the_o like_a change_n we_o speak_v of_o before_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o treble_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n when_o it_o turn_v thrice_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n namely_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n the_o double_a wheel_a to_o the_o pike_n transfer_v the_o soldier_n face_n from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o treble_a wheel_a to_o the_o pike_n bring_v his_o face_n to_o the_o left_a flank_n the_o treble_a wheel_a to_o the_o target_n contrariwise_o to_o the_o right_a flank_n note_n before_o in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n aelian_n discourse_v of_o wheel_a and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v be_v reserve_v for_o this_o place_n i_o need_v not_o therefore_o remember_v any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o word_n of_o command_n the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o epistrophe_n the_o uttermost_a file_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o side_n purpose_v and_o march_v up_o to_o the_o file_n stand_v firm_a face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o rank_n forward_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o when_o you_o have_v your_o ground_n stand_v return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o anastrophe_n face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n wheel_n back_o the_o body_n to_o the_o ground_n it_o first_o have_v fileleader_n stand_v firm_a the_o other_o rank_n open_a to_o their_o first_o place_n face_n about_o to_o which_o hand_n you_o will_v the_o corner_n file_n to_o which_o the_o turn_n be_v stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n open_a to_o their_o first_o ground_n face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v your_o pike_n perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o in_o wheel_v about_o the_o same_o word_n to_o close_v the_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v to_o be_v use_v which_o be_v use_v in_o epistrophe_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o then_o to_o say_v wheel_n about_o your_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n return_v to_o your_o first_o posture_n the_o same_o form_n be_v use_v that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o former_a return_v unto_o the_o first_o posture_n for_o open_v rank_n and_o file_n ecperispasmos_n or_o treble_a wheel_a in_o this_o motion_n the_o same_o course_n be_v hold_v that_o be_v in_o the_o wheel_a but_o only_o that_o you_o command_v a_o treble_a wheel_a and_o the_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o anastrophe_n be_v all_o one_o but_o for_o the_o same_o difference_n of_o close_v the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o to_o the_o midst_n chap._n xxxiii_o cap_n â—â—_o of_o change_v the_o front_n after_o close_v close_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o action_n close_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n close_v to_o the_o middle_a close_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o front_n before_o close_v the_o front_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d before_o close_v if_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o be_v close_v in_o the_o midst_n the_o diphalange_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n must_v turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o target_n and_o the_o diphalange_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n their_o face_n towards_o the_o pike_n then_o move_v forward_o towards_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n then_o after_o their_o true_a distance_n gain_v to_o set_v their_o face_n as_o they_o be_v and_o to_o gather_v up_o the_o rank_n behind_o when_o we_o will_v reduce_v the_o phalange_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o command_v to_o turn_v face_n about_o then_o to_o open_v the_o rank_n and_o all_o to_o move_v on_o but_o the_o first_o rank_n then_o to_o turn_v their_o face_n again_o and_o the_o right_a diphalange_n turn_v to_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o left_a diphalange_n to_o the_o target_n to_o follow_v their_o leader_n till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o first_o distance_n then_o to_o set_v their_o face_n as_o they_o be_v this_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o turn_n about_o of_o face_n when_o they_o be_v make_v out_o of_o closing_n that_o the_o pike_n be_v advance_v lest_o they_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n in_o make_v his_o turn_n the_o lightarmed_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v and_o exercise_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n note_n in_o the_o 11_o chapter_n the_o distance_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v betwixt_o soldier_n and_o soldier_n be_v particular_o treat_v of_o this_o chapter_n show_v how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v gain_v that_o be_v how_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v out_o of_o one_o distance_n into_o another_o and_o because_o the_o open_a order_n be_v it_o that_o be_v common_o begin_v withal_o it_o be_v here_o teach_v how_o from_o thence_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o the_o end_n of_o closing_n be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o regard_n of_o place_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n one_o to_o the_o wing_n right_a or_o left_a the_o other_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n i_o can_v express_v the_o manner_n better_o then_o by_o set_v down_o the_o word_n of_o command_n or_o direction_n which_o be_v these_o in_o close_v to_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v according_a to_o
the_o distance_n require_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n fileleader_n stand_v firm_a the_o other_o rank_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v behind_o to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n and_o proceed_v to_o your_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v your_o pike_n close_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o the_o other_o but_o that_o the_o move_a be_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o right-wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n each_o move_v up_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o stand_v at_o the_o distance_n name_v face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o the_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n the_o first_o rank_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v the_o rank_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o file_n next_o the_o middle_a section_n stand_v fast_o and_o the_o right_a wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v on_o till_o the_o first_o distance_n recover_v face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v the_o pike_n we_o may_v not_o forget_v aelians_n general_a rule_n for_o turn_v of_o face_n out_o of_o closing_n that_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o advance_v for_o when_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o closeness_n require_v the_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n will_v hardly_o admit_v turn_v of_o the_o face_n the_o like_a fall_v out_o when_o you_o will_v open_v from_o the_o close_v the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n xxxiv_o these_o precept_n of_o turn_v about_o of_o face_n of_o wheel_v and_o double_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o of_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o show_v himself_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o in_o front_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o our_o march_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o macedonian_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o for_o this_o cause_n either_o to_o have_v name_n according_o the_o history_n witness_v that_o philip_n who_o much_o enlarge_v the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n and_o overcome_v the_o grecian_n in_o battle_n at_o cheronea_n and_o make_v himself_o general_n of_o greece_n and_o likewise_o his_o son_n alexander_n that_o in_o short_a time_n conquer_v all_o asia_n make_v small_a account_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n unless_o necessity_n force_v it_o and_o that_o they_o both_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a become_v victorious_a over_o their_o enemy_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o enemy_n fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n be_v cause_n of_o great_a confusion_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o hindermost_a dismarch_v towards_o the_o front_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o run_v away_o it_o more_o encourage_v and_o embolden_v the_o enemy_n to_o follow_v for_o fear_v and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n ordinary_o deny_v that_o kind_n of_o countermarch_n but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o leader_n with_o their_o follower_n brave_o advance_v and_o oppose_v themselves_o it_o strike_v no_o small_a fear_n and_o terror_n into_o their_o mind_n cap._n 30_o the_o fileleader_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n a_o right_a induction_n the_o front_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la or_o hollow_a front_a wedge_n the_o front_n the_o right_a induction_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o left_a wing_n the_o right_a wing_n the_o front_n the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o coelmebolos_fw-la the_o forbear_n phalange_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n that_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n and_o their_o soverall_a kind_n chap._n xxxv_o we_o be_v to_o acquaint_v our_o force_n both_o foot_n and_o horse_n partly_o with_o the_o voice_n and_o partly_o with_o visible_a sign_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v fit_v be_v execute_v and_o do_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v some_o thing_n also_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v by_o the_o trumpet_n for_o so_o all_o direction_n will_v be_v full_o accomplish_v and_o sort_n to_o a_o desire_a effect_n the_o sign_n therefore_o which_o be_v deliver_v by_o voice_n be_v most_o evident_a and_o clear_a if_o they_o have_v no_o impediment_n but_o the_o most_o certain_a and_o least_o tumultuous_a be_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o the_o eye_n if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_v the_o voice_n sometime_o can_v hardly_o be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o clash_n of_o armour_n or_o trample_v and_o neigh_v of_o horse_n or_o tumult_n of_o carriage_n or_o noise_n and_o confuse_a sound_n of_o the_o multitude_n the_o visible_a sign_n also_o become_v many_o way_n incertain_a by_o thickness_n of_o air_n and_o dust_n or_o rain_n or_o snow_n or_o sunshine_n or_o else_o through_o ground_n that_o be_v uneven_a or_o full_a of_o tree_n or_o of_o turn_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v out_o sign_n for_o all_o use_n occasion_n eftsoon_o present_v new_a matter_n to_o the_o which_o a_o man_n be_v not_o accustom_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o signal_n we_o shall_v not_o give_v certain_a and_o sure_a direction_n of_o march_v and_o of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o battle_n fit_a for_o a_o march_n and_o first_o of_o the_o right-induction_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la and_o the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n xxxvi_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o march_v i_o will_v first_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o march_n be_v a_o right-induction_n other_o some_o a_o deduction_n on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o that_o in_o a_o single_a or_o double_a or_o treble_a or_o quadruple-sided-battaile_n in_o a_o single_a when_o one_o enemy_n be_v fear_v in_o a_o double_a when_o two_o in_o a_o treble_a when_o three_o in_o a_o quadruple_a when_o the_o enemy_n purpose_v to_o give_v on_o on_o all_o side_n therefore_o the_o march_n be_v undertake_v sometime_o in_o a_o single_a phalange_n sometime_o in_o a_o twofold_a phalange_n or_o else_o in_o a_o threefold_a phalange_n or_o in_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n a_o right-induction_n be_v when_o one_o body_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n follow_v another_o as_o if_o a_o xenagy_a lead_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v xenage-wise_a or_o a_o tetrarchy_n lead_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_a to_o that_o form_n it_o be_v so_o call_v when_o the_o march_n stretch_v itself_o out_o into_o a_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n against_o it_o be_v oppose_v the_o wedge_n coelembolos_fw-la which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o antistomos_n phalange_n diphalange_n disjoin_v the_o leading-wing_n close_v the_o rear_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o letter_n v_o as_o the_o figure_n after_o place_v do_v teach_v in_o which_o the_o front_n be_v dissever_v &_o the_o rear_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o for_o the_o right-induction_n point_v at_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o coelembolos_fw-la quick_o open_v before_o serve_v both_o to_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o front_n and_o to_o clasp_v in_o and_o circumvent_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o right-induction_n furthermore_o a_o phalange_n triphalange_n be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la one_o phalange_n fight_v against_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o second_o against_o the_o other_o and_o the_o middle_n and_o three_o forbear_v and_o expect_v a_o time_n fit_a to_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o right-hand-deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple-side_n accornd_v to_o the_o place_n and_o part_n it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o
and_o serve_v for_o the_o pike_n only_a for_o the_o musquettier_n can_v be_v so_o close_o in_o file_n because_o they_o must_v have_v their_o arm_n at_o liberty_n &_o that_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o file_n to_o file_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 3_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n and_o this_o last_o distance_n be_v thus_o command_v close_o yourselves_o thorough_o but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v the_o soldier_n for_o that_o when_o necessity_n shall_v require_v it_o they_o will_v close_v themselves_o but_o too_o much_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o command_n to_o begin_v therefore_o to_o do_v the_o exercise_n the_o company_n be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o distance_n to_o wit_n of_o 6_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o thus_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o general_a word_n of_o command_n which_o be_v often_o to_o be_v use_v stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n silence_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v you_o must_v note_v that_o when_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v as_o they_o be_v they_o must_v return_v thither_o from_o whence_o they_o part_v and_o if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n they_o must_v return_v to_o the_o left_a and_o so_o in_o countermarch_n the_o head-piece_n the_o forepart_n the_o head-piece_n close_o the_o back_n the_o right_a gauntlet_n the_o left_a vantbrace_n the_o left_a cuishe_n the_o breast_n the_o back_n the_o guard_n the_o left_a â—â—â—â—let_n the_o armour_n of_o the_o pikman_n the_o gorget_n the_o breast_n the_o tale_n the_o head-piece_n the_o back_o the_o pike_n to_o the_o right_n double_a your_o rank_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n double_a your_o file_n file_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o file_n file_n as_o you_o be_v with_o half_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n half_n file_n as_o you_o be_v with_o half_a file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n double_a your_o rank_n half_n file_n as_o you_o be_v file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o leave_v at_o discretion_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o file_n to_o 3_o foot_n distance_n close_o your_o rank_n to_o 3_o foot_n distance_n understand_v that_o in_o close_v from_o the_o outside_n to_o the_o middle_a the_o soldier_n be_v â—stand_v in_o his_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o not_o close_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n wheel_n open_v your_o rank_n backward_o in_o your_o double_a distance_n to_o wit_n at_o 12_o foot_n and_o this_o for_o a_o single_a company_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v sc_n at_o the_o first_o in_o open_v rank_n or_o file_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o close_v until_o the_o second_o rank_n or_o file_n beginning_n from_o the_o outside_n have_v take_v their_o distance_n and_o so_o shall_v the_o rest_n remain_v close_o until_o every_o rank_n or_o file_n have_v take_v their_o distanceâ—_n in_o order_n open_v your_o file_n to_o wit_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n if_o you_o will_v command_v to_o close_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o outmost_a file_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n close_o to_o that_o file_n for_o the_o pike_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n advance_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n charge_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n trail_v your_o pike_n cheeeke_v your_o pike_n more_o for_o the_o pike_n first_o with_o a_o firm_a stand_n and_o then_o march_v charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n charge_v your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n charge_v your_o pike_n to_o the_o rear_n slope_n your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n this_o must_v be_v observe_v charge_v your_o pike_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n to_o set_v the_o right_a foot_n behind_o and_o charge_v the_o pike_n march_v to_o set_v the_o left_a foot_n before_o for_o the_o musket_n the_o posture_n in_o his_o excellency_n book_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v but_o in_o exercise_v you_o must_v only_o use_v these_o three_o term_n of_o direction_n make_v ready_a present_a give_v fire_n your_o musquettier_n must_v observe_v in_o all_o their_o motion_n to_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o they_o carry_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o piece_n high_a aswell_o when_o they_o be_v shoulder_v as_o in_o prune_v and_o also_o when_o they_o hold_v their_o pan_n guard_v and_o come_v up_o to_o give_v fire_n in_o advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o do_v not_o skirmish_v loose_a and_o disband_v vanguard_n they_o must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n after_o this_o manner_n two_o rank_n must_v always_o make_v ready_a together_o and_o advance_v ten_o pace_n forward_o before_o the_o body_n at_o which_o distance_n a_o sergeant_n or_o when_o the_o body_n be_v great_a some_o other_o officer_n must_v stand_v to_o who_o the_o musquettier_n be_v to_o come_v up_o before_o advance_v they_o present_v and_o give_v fire_n first_o the_o firstranke_a and_o while_o the_o first_o give_v fire_n the_o second_o rank_n keep_v their_o musket_n close_o to_o their_o rest_n and_o their_o pan_n guard_v and_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o be_v fall_v away_o the_o second_o present_o present_a and_o give_v fire_n and_o fall_v after_o they_o now_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o two_o rank_n do_v move_v from_o their_o place_n in_o the_o front_n the_o two_o rank_n next_o they_o must_v unshoulder_n their_o musket_n and_o make_v ready_a so_o as_o they_o may_v advance_v forward_o ten_o pace_n as_o before_o assoon_o as_o ever_o the_o two_o first_o rank_n be_v fall_v away_o and_o be_v to_o do_v in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o former_a and_o all_o the_o other_o rank_n through_o the_o whole_a division_n must_v do_v the_o same_o by_o twoe_n one_o after_o another_o a_o manner_n there_o be_v to_o give_v fire_n retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v perform_v after_o this_o soret_n as_o the_o troop_n march_v the_o hindermost_a rank_n of_o all_o keep_n still_o with_o the_o troop_n be_v to_o make_v ready_a and_o be_v ready_a the_o soldier_n in_o that_o rank_n turn_v altogether_o rear_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o give_v fire_n march_v present_o away_o a_o good_a round_a pace_n to_o the_o front_n and_o there_o place_n themselves_o in_o rank_n together_o just_a before_o the_o front_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n turn_v to_o give_v fire_n the_o rank_n next_o make_v ready_a and_o do_v as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n we_o give_v fire_n by_o the_o flank_n thus_o the_o uppermost_a file_n next_o the_o enemy_n must_v be_v flank_n command_v to_o make_v ready_a keep_v still_o along_o with_o the_o body_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v ready_a and_o then_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n according_a to_o the_o sight_n of_o their_o enemy_n either_o upon_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n and_o give_v fire_n altogether_o when_o they_o have_v discharge_v they_o stir_v not_o but_o keep_v their_o ground_n and_o charge_v their_o piece_n again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o stand_v now_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o foresay_a file_n do_v turn_v to_o give_v fire_n the_o uttermost_a next_z it_o make_v ready_a always_o keep_v along_o with_o the_o troop_n till_o the_o bringer-up_a be_v past_o a_o little_a beyond_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n that_o give_v fire_n last_o and_o then_o the_o whole_a file_n must_v turn_v and_o give_v fire_n and_o do_v in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o first_o do_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o the_o other_o a_o sergeant_n or_o if_o the_o troop_n be_v great_a some_o other_o better_a qualify_a officer_n must_v stand_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o assoon_o as_o the_o second_o file_n have_v give_v fire_n and_o have_v charge_v he_o be_v to_o lead_v forward_o the_o first_o file_n up_o to_o the_o second_o file_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o another_o till_o he_o have_v gather_v up_o again_o the_o whole_a wing_n and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o join_v they_o again_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o pike_n last_o of_o all_o the_o troop_n or_o whole_a wing_n of_o musquettier_n make_v ready_a altogether_o front_n and_o
the_o first_o rank_n without_o advance_v give_v fire_n in_o the_o place_n they_o stand_v in_o and_o speedy_o as_o may_v be_v yet_o orderly_o fall_v away_o all_o the_o rank_n do_v the_o same_o successive_o advance_v one_o after_o another_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o arm_n and_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o horse_n ensue_v the_o order_n and_o discipline_n hold_v in_o horse-troope_n or_o in_o the_o cavalry_n the_o cavalry_n have_v for_o his_o chief_n the_o general_n the_o lieutenant_n general_n and_o the_o commissary_n general_a to_o the_o cavalry_n there_o be_v a_o quartermaster_n general_a and_o a_o provost_n general_a belong_v the_o justice_n resort_v to_o the_o council_n general_a of_o war_n of_o the_o army_n the_o cavalry_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n har_o quebusier_n and_o curassier_n the_o first_o have_v for_o defensive_a arm_n the_o cuirass_n pistol_n proof_n and_o a_o light_a head-piece_n for_o offensive_a the_o carbine_n of_o 3_o foot_n 3_o inch_n length_n and_o the_o bear_v of_o 20_o bullet_n in_o the_o pound_n and_o pistol_n like_v unto_o the_o curassier_n the_o curassier_n have_v for_o defensive_a arm_n a_o complete_a armour_n the_o cuirass_n pistol_n proof_n for_o offen_n sieve_n two_o pistol_n have_v the_o barrel_n of_o 26_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o the_o bear_v of_o 36_o bullet_n in_o the_o pound_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o arm_n for_o the_o order_n in_o regiment_n the_o 40_o company_n entertain_v by_o the_o state_n do_v make_v eleven_o regiment_n the_o regiment_n of_o the_o general_n have_v always_o the_o vanguard_n the_o other_o alternative_o and_o by_o turn_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o this_o day_n the_o next_o day_n after_o have_v the_o rear_n the_o rest_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o sort_n those_o which_o command_v the_o regiment_n be_v call_v colonel_n the_o regiment_n be_v compound_v of_o 3_o or_o 4_o company_n of_o 3_o at_o the_o least_o and_o the_o colonel_n company_n march_v always_o on_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o regiment_n the_o captain_n receive_v order_n from_o their_o colonel_n as_o these_o from_o the_o commissary_n general_n all_o the_o company_n be_v divide_v in_o 3_o equal_a part_n which_o be_v call_v squadron_n and_o distribute_v to_o the_o three_o chief_a officer_n captain_n cornett_n and_o lieutenant_n have_v each_o of_o they_o adjoin_v a_o old_a soldier_n which_o they_o do_v know_v to_o be_v of_o more_o desert_n call_v a_o corporal_n march_v in_o the_o field_n every_o officer_n march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o squadron_n the_o lieutenant_n except_v which_o march_v behind_o with_o the_o quartermaster_n and_o the_o three_o corporal_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n squadron_n the_o company_n be_v divide_v by_o file_n and_o rank_n the_o file_n 5_o deep_a and_o no_o more_o how_o strong_a soever_o the_o company_n be_v they_o observe_v that_o in_o march_v in_o battle_n they_o must_v be_v close_o together_o and_o to_o do_v the_o motion_n there_o must_v be_v 6_o foot_n distance_n from_o one_o 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rank_n must_v never_o be_v more_o open_v than_o the_o open_a distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o troop_n may_v march_v in_o good_a order_n and_o observe_v well_o their_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o rank_n without_o that_o the_o last_o may_v be_v force_v to_o run_v or_o go_v to_o fast_o there_o must_v be_v heed_n take_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n begin_v to_o march_v all_o the_o troop_n and_o the_o rear_n also_o at_o one_o time_n march_v the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v open_v your_o rank_n open_v your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v so_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o 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he_o it_o come_v to_o the_o indian_n who_o use_v it_o altogether_o as_o 372._o curtius_n note_v in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o king_n alexander_n the_o great_a and_o porus._n the_o drum_n of_o parthian_n be_v describe_v by_o crasso_fw-la plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o crassus_n and_o by_o d._n appian_n 113._o and_o leo_n say_v the_o saracen_n who_o invade_v christendom_n and_o infect_v the_o turk_n with_o their_o superstition_n order_v their_o fight_n by_o the_o drum_n from_o this_o eastern_a asiaticall_a people_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o europe_n and_o now_o the_o general_a custom_n be_v among_o stall_n european_a nation_n that_o the_o foot_n have_v drum_n in_o the_o field_n the_o horse_n trumpet_n and_o
which_o regard_n i_o prefer_v the_o target_n of_o aelian_n before_o that_o of_o leo_n aelians_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thigh_n leos_n carry_v a_o handful_n more_o in_o breadth_n which_o in_o the_o circumference_n grow_v to_o a_o good_a proportion_n of_o weight_n and_o greatness_n 4_o no_o short_a than_o 8_o cubit_n that_o be_v 12_o foot_n short_a pike_n against_o long_o have_v a_o great_a disadvantage_n with_o the_o long_a pike_n a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o strike_v and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n before_o himself_o can_v be_v touch_v or_o come_v in_o danger_n of_o a_o short_a the_o pike_n keep_v the_o enemy_n out_o so_o far_o as_o the_o length_n be_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o 8._o sorano_n show_v it_o where_o vitellozzo_n vitelli_n discomfit_v the_o almain_n only_a with_o the_o advantage_n of_o pike_n a_o arm_n long_o than_o they_o against_o long_a pike_n this_o policy_n be_v use_v by_o cleonymus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n as_o 2._o polienus_n tell_v cleonymus_n besiege_v aedessa_n and_o have_v overthrow_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n the_o pikeman_n of_o the_o city_n sail_v out_o who_o pike_n be_v each_o 16_o cubit_n in_o length_n cleonymus_n close_v his_o phalange_n in_o depth_n and_o command_v the_o fileleader_n to_o lay_v away_o their_o pike_n and_o when_o the_o pikeman_n of_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o charge_n to_o seize_v upon_o their_o pike_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o hold_v they_o fast_o and_o the_o follower_n to_o pass_v through_o by_o the_o fileleader_n side_n and_o maintain_v the_o fight_n the_o fileleader_n lay_v hold_v on_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o enemy_n strive_v to_o recover_v they_o out_o of_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o follower_n pass_v through_o the_o rank_n of_o file_n leader_n to_o the_o front_n slay_v the_o enemy_n pikeman_n and_o get_v the_o victory_n this_o be_v cleonymus_n device_n against_o long_a pike_n which_o notwithstanding_o derogate_v nothing_o from_o the_o length_n of_o pike_n more_o than_o from_o shortness_n for_o the_o same_o policy_n may_v have_v prevail_v as_o well_o against_o short_a pike_n as_o long_o each_o assoon_o as_o the_o enemy_n have_v seize_v upon_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o that_o the_o long_a pike_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o short_a i_o have_v show_v before_o by_o reason_n and_o the_o reformation_n of_o arm_n make_v by_o iphicrates_n among_o the_o athenian_n and_o by_o philopoman_n among_o the_o achaian_o will_v be_v warrant_n enough_o so_o to_o hold_v in_o the_o length_n notwithstanding_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a consideration_n that_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o strength_n that_o shall_v bear_v the_o pike_n the_o worth_n that_o the_o fileleader_n and_o next_o follower_n shall_v be_v of_o chap._n xiii_o the_o fileleader_n as_o the_o commander_n of_o file_n of_o the_o phalange_n be_v to_o be_v the_o choice_n and_o flower_n of_o the_o army_n and_o to_o excel_v the_o rest_n as_o well_o in_o stature_n as_o in_o experience_n and_o martial_a skâ—ll_n for_o this_o rank_n knit_v and_o bind_v in_o the_o phalange_n and_o of_o all_o other_o yield_v great_a use_n for_o as_o a_o sword_n take_v to_o the_o edge_n as_o a_o weight_n and_o sway_n the_o swell_a iron_n towards_o the_o back_n exhibit_v thereby_o more_o violence_n in_o pierce_v so_o in_o a_o phalange_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v the_o edge_n itself_o and_o the_o multitude_n of_o aftercommer_n be_v the_o swell_a and_o sway_n and_o increase_v of_o weight_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v in_o the_o second_o rank_n for_o their_o pike_n reach_v joint_o over_o the_o front_n and_o be_v next_o in_o place_n they_o be_v always_o ready_a for_o use_v and_o the_o file-leader_n fall_v or_o be_v wound_v the_o next_o follower_n step_v to_o the_o front_n in_o his_o place_n hold_v together_o and_o preserve_v the_o tenor_n of_o that_o rank_n unbroken_a furthermore_o we_o be_v to_o order_v the_o three_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n according_a to_o reason_n and_o as_o the_o valour_n of_o our_o soldier_n shall_v require_v this_o chapter_n show_v how_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o be_v order_v in_o every_o file_n whereof_o because_o i_o have_v before_o speak_v sufficient_o in_o my_o note_n to_o the_o five_o chapter_n and_o the_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n carry_v no_o difficulty_n or_o obscurity_n with_o they_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o treat_v any_o further_a of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n and_o length_n of_o the_o soldier_n pike_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o 1_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v of_o enemy_n be_v think_v unresistible_a by_o reason_n of_o 2_o the_o manner_n of_o embattail_v for_o the_o soldier_n with_o his_o arm_n stand_v in_o close_a order_n or_o shut_v when_o he_o be_v ready_a for_o fight_v 3_o occupy_v two_o cubit_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o length_n of_o his_o pike_n be_v sixteen_o cubit_n according_a to_o the_o first_o institution_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v fourteen_o cubit_n whereof_o the_o 4_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hand_n in_o charge_v take_v up_o two_o cubit_n the_o other_o twelve_o lie_v out_o from_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n those_o in_o the_o second_o rank_n that_o stand_v next_o to_o the_o leader_n lose_v four_o cubit_n in_o the_o phalange_n have_v their_o pike_n reach_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n ten_o cubit_n those_o of_o the_o three_o rank_n eight_o cubit_n of_o the_o four_o rank_n six_o cubit_n of_o the_o five_o 4_o cubit_n of_o the_o six_o 2_o cubit_n 5_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o other_o behind_o can_v attain_v to_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o see_v five_o or_o six_o pike_n be_v charge_v over_o the_o first_o rank_n they_o present_v a_o fearful_a sight_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o double_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o soldier_n stand_v fortify_v as_o it_o be_v with_o five_o or_o six_o pike_n and_o second_v with_o a_o main_a force_n at_o his_o back_n as_o the_o figure_n show_v moreover_o they_o that_o be_v place_v after_o the_o six_o rank_n albeit_o they_o push_v not_o with_o their_o pike_n yet_o thrust_v on_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o body_n reinforce_v the_o strength_n and_o power_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o leave_v no_o hope_n for_o the_o fileleader_n to_o fly_v or_o shift_v away_o some_o will_v have_v the_o hinder_a pike_n long_o than_o the_o foremost_a that_o they_o of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n may_v bear_v out_o the_o head_n of_o their_o pike_n equal_o with_o the_o first_o 6_o the_o superordinary_a lieutenant_n of_o every_o syntagma_n must_v be_v a_o man_n of_o understanding_n oversee_n the_o soldier_n of_o his_o command_n that_o they_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o if_o for_o fear_n or_o other_o occasion_n any_o forsake_v their_o ground_n he_o be_v to_o compel_v they_o again_o to_o their_o place_n and_o in_o close_v to_o put_v they_o when_o need_n require_v as_o near_o up_o together_o as_o they_o shall_v stand_v for_o it_o be_v a_o great_a strength_n and_o assurance_n to_o the_o phalange_n to_o have_v some_o principal_a commander_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o cause_n before_o mention_v note_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n which_o consist_v principal_o in_o the_o e._n protension_n and_o charge_v of_o pike_n and_o knit_v together_o of_o target_n be_v here_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a chapter_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o e._n polybius_n who_o handle_v the_o same_o argument_n and_o almost_o with_o the_o same_o word_n but_o that_o aelian_a and_o he_o differ_v about_o the_o number_n of_o cubit_n which_o the_o pike_n take_v up_o reach_v over_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n 1_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n have_v be_v think_v to_o be_v unresistible_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n appear_v no_o way_n better_o than_o by_o the_o conquest_n it_o have_v make_v king_n philip_n be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o and_o by_o that_o invention_n raise_v the_o kingdom_n of_o macedonia_n from_o the_o poor_a to_o the_o powerful_a and_o great_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o 510._o diodorus_n siculus_n find_v the_o crown_n at_o his_o come_n to_o it_o in_o bondage_n to_o the_o illyrian_n make_v it_o afterward_o lady_n of_o many_o great_a nation_n and_o city_n and_o purchase_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v declare_v general_n of_o greece_n and_o first_o overthrow_v the_o illyrian_n pâ—onians_n thracian_n and_o scythian_n afterward_o let_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n oâ—_n persia_n to_o break_v it_o after_o he_o have_v enfranchise_v the_o 〈◊〉_d city_n of_o asia_n and_o albeit_o death_n intercept_v he_o yet_o he_o leave_v such_o
by_o force_n some_o by_o fear_n he_o come_v before_o rhage_n and_o besiege_v it_o he_o find_v the_o siege_n long_o and_o more_o difficult_a than_o any_o man_n will_v have_v think_v and_o the_o enemy_n make_v his_o resistance_n that_o way_n the_o consul_n will_v hardly_o have_v believe_v he_o can_v for_o he_o imagine_v that_o all_o his_o labour_n shall_v be_v in_o throw_v down_o the_o wall_n if_o once_o he_o find_v passage_n for_o the_o army_n to_o enter_v there_o will_v after_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o flight_n and_o slaughter_n as_o be_v wont_a in_o wonne-city_n but_o after_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v throw_v down_o with_o the_o ram_n and_o the_o army_n enter_v the_o city_n by_o the_o breach_n it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o a_o new_a and_o fresh_a labour_n for_o the_o macedonian_n that_o be_v there_o in_o garrison_n be_v many_o and_o choose_v think_v it_o also_o a_o glory_n to_o they_o if_o they_o can_v defend_v the_o city_n rather_o with_o arm_n and_o valour_n than_o 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enemy_n than_o for_o the_o roman_n especial_o in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v narrow_a and_o straighten_v with_o the_o small_a space_n of_o the_o overthrow_v wall_n when_o the_o macedonian_n ser_v themselves_o close_a have_v charge_v pike_n of_o a_o great_a length_n before_o their_o front_n and_o the_o roman_n after_o their_o dart_n throw_v in_o vain_a against_o the_o jestudo_fw-la compact_v as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o thick_a knit_n together_o of_o the_o target_n have_v draw_v their_o sword_n they_o can_v neither_o come_v up_o close_o nor_o cut_v a_o sunder_o the_o pike_n and_o in_o case_n they_o cut_v the_o head_n of_o or_o break_v any_o the_o steal_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o whole_a pike_n fill_v up_o the_o room_n with_o their_o sharp_a fragment_n join_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v yet_o whole_a secure_v the_o enemy_n flank_n on_o both_o side_n neither_o need_v they_o much_o ground_n in_o retire_v or_o advance_v to_o charge_n which_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o cause_v the_o breach_n of_o array_n there_o also_o fall_v out_o a_o chance_n which_o increase_v their_o hope_n and_o spirit_n for_o the_o tower_n be_v drive_v on_o upon_o a_o rampire_n that_o be_v not_o well_o ram_v underneath_o but_o have_v loose_a earth_n one_o of_o the_o wheel_n sink_v deep_o into_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o turret_n to_o nod_v &_o lie_v of_o one_o side_n that_o both_o the_o enemy_n believe_v it_o will_v fall_v and_o they_o within_o it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o pitiful_a fear_n when_o nothing_o succeed_v well_o the_o consul_n be_v evil_o appaide_v that_o the_o macedonian_a soldier_n and_o kind_a of_o arm_n may_v seem_v matcheable_a to_o he_o and_o see_v no_o great_a hope_n of_o speedy_a win_v the_o city_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v unfit_a to_o winter_n in_o raise_v his_o siege_n so_o here_o the_o macedonian_a soldier_n be_v not_o only_o equal_v but_o also_o prefer_v before_o the_o roman_a and_o that_o only_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n the_o pike_n and_o target_n an_o other_o experience_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o perseus_n and_o aemilius_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o story_n be_v this_o 〈◊〉_d the_o roman_n come_v to_o join_v battle_n with_o the_o macedonian_n and_o not_o able_a to_o come_v up_o to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n and_o joint_a out-bearing_a of_o their_o pike_n there_o be_v one_o salius_n a_o captain_n of_o pelignans_n who_o take_v the_o ensign_n of_o his_o company_n from_o the_o ensign-bearer_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n the_o pelignan_n run_v in_o heap_n to_o the_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a nor_o honest_a for_o the_o italian_n to_o forsake_v their_o ensign_n where_o the_o medley_n bring_v forth_o wonderful_a effect_n for_o the_o pelignans_n fight_v with_o sword_n to_o put_v by_o the_o pike_n and_o to_o press_v they_o down_o with_o their_o target_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o pull_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o macedonian_n the_o macedonian_n contrariwise_a maintain_v their_o charge_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o strike_v such_o as_o approach_v near_o through_o the_o body_n arm_n and_o all_o neither_o target_n nor_o cuirass_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o blow_n turn_v topsy-turuy_a the_o body_n of_o the_o pelignan_n who_o not_o with_o reason_n but_o with_o the_o rage_n of_o wild_a beast_n throw_v themselves_o desperate_o upon_o wound_n and_o upon_o certain_a and_o fore_o see_v death_n so_o the_o foremost_a fall_v the_o follower_n begin_v to_o slack_v and_o yet_o they_o sle_z not_o but_o retire_v to_o the_o mount_v call_v olacrus_n i_o will_v out_o of_o appian_n join_v a_o three_o experience_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o antiochus_n b._n against_o l._n scipio_n which_o i_o likewise_o touch_v before_o in_o this_o chapter_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o horse_n and_o chariot_n of_o antiochus_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o by_o eumenes_n his_o phalange_n of_o foot_n be_v destitute_a of_o horse_n first_o open_v and_o receive_v the_o lightarmed_n that_o have_v all_o this_o while_n fight_v in_o the_o front_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o then_o afterward_o again_o close_v and_o when_o domitius_n scipio_n lieutenant_n encompass_v it_o round_o with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n which_o he_o may_v easy_o do_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v thrust_v up_o into_o a_o thick_a plinthium_fw-la it_o be_v drive_v to_o great_a distress_n be_v neither_o able_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n nor_o yet_o to_o countermarch_n in_o so_o great_a depth_n as_o it_o carry_v it_o grieve_v they_o much_o that_o their_o long_a experience_n nothing_o avail_v they_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o arrow_n and_o dart_n at_o all_o hand_n yet_o bear_v out_o a_o multitude_n of_o pike_n on_o every_o side_n of_o their_o square_n they_o call_v the_o roman_n to_o come_v to_o handy_a blow_n and_o 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countenance_n notwithstanding_o and_o in_o good_a order_n and_o not_o deliver_v the_o roman_n of_o fear_n who_o dare_v not_o yet_o come_v near_o but_o seek_v to_o annoy_v they_o aloof_o till_o the_o elephant_n place_v in_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n be_v affright_v and_o not_o to_o be_v rule_v by_o their_o governor_n trouble_v all_o and_o give_v occasion_n of_o flight_n hitherto_o appian_n out_o of_o these_o three_o example_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o which_o aelian_n say_v be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o be_v that_o the_o macedonian_a phalange_n can_v not_o be_v force_v or_o resist_v by_o a_o enemy_n take_v with_o all_o polybius_n his_o caution_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o right_a posture_n and_o figure_n and_o have_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v fit_a the_o roman_n the_o best_a soldier_n of_o all_o
defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o only_o two_o narrow_a way_n betwixt_o he_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o hollow_a plinthium_fw-la or_o square_a and_o lead_v it_o against_o the_o left_a hand_n passage_n whither_o all_o the_o theban_n flock_v for_o defence_n but_o he_o turn_v about_o face_n from_o the_o rear_n haste_v away_o and_o gain_v the_o other_o passage_n where_o no_o man_n be_v present_a to_o resist_v and_o enter_v spoil_v the_o country_n and_o return_v without_o impeachment_n 4_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o metabole_n before_o be_v rehearse_v two_o kind_n of_o turn_n of_o face_n about_o one_o to_o the_o pike_n the_o other_o to_o the_o target_n here_o be_v add_v two_o more_o one_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o indeed_o and_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n what_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o turn_n shall_v be_v i_o be_o in_o doubt_n aelian_n expound_v they_o one_o way_n suidas_n a_o other_o aelian_n esteem_v they_o by_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v hand_n suidas_n albeit_o he_o have_v that_o signification_n also_o esteem_v they_o by_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v therefore_o suidas_n define_v the_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o rear_n that_o against_o the_o enemy_n a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o front_n aelian_n will_v have_v the_o first_o to_o contain_v two_o turn_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o second_o two_o turn_n towards_o the_o left_a i_o for_o my_o part_n assent_v rather_o to_o aelian_n for_o touch_v the_o turn_n of_o suidas_n i_o can_v yet_o understand_v why_o turn_v towards_o the_o rear_n shall_v be_v a_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n or_o towards_o the_o front_n a_o turn_n to_o the_o enemy_n consider_v that_o whether_o soever_o you_o turn_v face_n the_o enemy_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v there_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v to_o be_v oppose_v always_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a end_n of_o turn_v aelians_n 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enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o pike_n howsoever_o the_o name_n differ_v this_o be_v my_o conjecture_n which_o i_o shall_v imagine_v to_o be_v true_a till_o i_o find_v some_o man_n that_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o a_o more_o probable_a reason_n i_o only_o add_v now_o the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o this_o motion_n as_o you_o be_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v double_a and_o treble-wheeling_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n chap._n xxvi_o 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v so_o close_v that_o no_o man_n can_v turn_v or_o twice_o turn_v his_o face_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o man_n to_o man_n it_o whole_o and_o joint_o wheel_v as_o a_o ship_n or_o some_o other_o body_n carry_v about_o the_o order_n thereof_o remain_v undissolue_v when_o the_o wheel_a be_v to_o the_o pike_n we_o warn_v the_o right-corner-file-leader_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o it_o be_v the_o hook_n of_o a_o door_n hinge_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o battle_n proceed_v forward_o to_o turn_v about_o the_o same_o file-leader_n like_o the_o door_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o target_n it_o may_v be_v thus_o define_v epistrophe_n be_v when_o shut_v the_o battle_n by_o gather_v close_o the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n we_o turn_v it_o whole_o as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n it_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o front_n transfer_v the_o countenance_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n every_o one_o remain_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o before_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v the_o restore_n of_o the_o wheel_a to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n first_o stand_v close_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o wheel_n perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o two_o wheeling_n so_o that_o thereby_o the_o front_n come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rear_n 2_o ecperispasmos_n or_o treble_a wheel_a be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o three_o wheeling_n so_o as_o when_o it_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n the_o front_n come_v about_o to_o the_o left_a flank_n when_o to_o the_o target_n it_o come_v about_o to_o the_o right_a flank_n note_n this_o chapter_n have_v a_o diverse_a kind_n of_o turn_v from_o the_o other_o mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n which_o for_o distinction_n sake_n be_v call_v epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v the_o other_o turn_v no_o more_o than_o the_o soldier_n face_n every_o man_n yet_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n be_v have_v before_o this_o wheel_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o turn_n of_o face_n a_o particular_a motion_n of_o every_o particular_a soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v clesis_n and_o a_o other_o turn_v about_o call_v metabole_n so_o be_v there_o in_o this_o a_o general_a wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n call_v epistrophe_n and_o a_o other_o wheel_v about_o to_o the_o rear_v call_v perispasmos_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o description_n 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n shortly_n epistrophe_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o first_o turn_v of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o do_v whereof_o first_o the_o file_n must_v be_v close_v to_o the_o hand_n you_o mean_v to_o wheel_n than_o the_o rank_n then_o the_o corner_n file-leader_n on_o the_o same_o hand_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n keep_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n close_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o same_o hand_n joint_o about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n circlewise_a who_o be_v to_o move_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o he_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n to_o that_o side_n which_o be_v intend_v and_o when_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v even_o with_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n wheel_v enough_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v still_o the_o word_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v plain_a enough_o in_o aelian_a i_o need_v use_v no_o exposition_n now_o because_o in_o exercise_n we_o rely_v not_o upon_o one_o form_n of_o motion_n alone_o but_o acquaint_v our_o soldier_n with_o all_o the_o kind_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o bring_v the_o body_n again_o to_o the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v proceed_v in_o the_o rest_n this_o reduce_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v call_v anastrophe_n by_o which_o the_o battle_n return_v but_o by_o a_o contrary_a hand_n to_o that_o to_o which_o the_o epistrophe_n be_v make_v and_o but_o for_o change_v the_o hand_n the_o wheel_a back_n again_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o wheel_a forward_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o how_o it_o be_v do_v to_o bring_v the_o battle_n to_o have_v the_o front_n where_o the_o rear_n be_v you_o must_v use_v a_o double_a wheel_a and_o that_o be_v call_v perispasmos_n which_o come_v of_o two_o epistrophe_n and_o be_v make_v either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n only_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o perispasmos_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o anastrophe_n or_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n must_v be_v to_o the_o left_a contrary_a it_o be_v if_o the_o perispasmos_n be_v to_o
the_o macedonian_n be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o which_o of_o the_o macedonian_n he_o tell_v not_o but_o exclude_v philip_n and_o alexander_n who_o both_o use_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v and_o before_o their_o time_n i_o have_v not_o read_v of_o any_o warlike_a king_n of_o macedonia_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v this_o first_o all_o the_o fileleader_n turn_v their_o face_n about_o either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n then_o the_o next_o rank_n pass_v thorough_a by_o they_o on_o the_o same_o hand_n and_o be_v come_v to_o their_o distance_n place_n themselves_o direct_o behind_o their_o fileleader_n and_o then_o turn_v about_o their_o face_n the_o same_o way_n and_o so_o the_o three_o rank_n after_o they_o and_o the_o four_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o bringers-up_a be_v last_o and_o have_v take_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n again_o and_o turn_v about_o their_o face_n the_o figure_n express_v not_o well_o the_o action_n for_o in_o it_o the_o bringers-up_a begin_v first_o to_o countermarch_n which_o according_a to_o aelian_n shall_v move_v last_o yet_o may_v this_o countermarch_v be_v do_v as_o the_o figure_n be_v but_o i_o take_v aelians_n way_n to_o be_v easy_a and_o ready_a and_o it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o the_o countermarch_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o text_n for_o one_o of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarche_n which_o proceed_v the_o contrary_a way_n begin_v the_o motion_n with_o the_o fileleader_n as_o this_o do_v with_o the_o bringers-up_a as_o we_o shall_v straight_o see_v 2_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n in_o this_o countermarch_v the_o proceed_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o former_a that_o take_v the_o ground_n before_o the_o phalange_n this_o take_v the_o ground_n after_o in_o that_o the_o move_n be_v from_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o front_n in_o this_o from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n aelian_n describe_v it_o to_o be_v do_v in_o two_o manner_n one_o when_o the_o bringers-up_a first_o turn_n about_o their_o face_n and_o the_o next_o 95._o rank_n likewise_o turn_v face_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o every_o man_n thereof_o place_v himself_o direct_o before_o his_o bringer-up_a and_o the_o three_o do_v the_o like_a and_o so_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o fileleader_n come_v to_o be_v first_o the_o other_o when_o the_o fileleader_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o every_o one_o in_o their_o file_n follow_v they_o orderly_o the_o figure_n express_v this_o last_o aelian_n prefer_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v before_o the_o macedonian_a because_o in_o it_o the_o soldier_n seem_v to_o fall_v on_o and_o go_v to_o the_o charge_n where_o in_o the_o macedonian_a they_o seem_v to_o fly_v there_o be_v notwithstanding_o time_n when_o it_o be_v better_a to_o use_v the_o macedonian_a as_o in_o case_n you_o mean_v to_o march_v on_o and_o not_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n except_o you_o be_v compel_v or_o else_o you_o seek_v to_o gain_v some_o ground_n of_o advantage_n for_o the_o macedonian_a continue_v still_o the_o march_n and_o stay_v not_o the_o lacedaemonian_a return_v upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o lose_v ground_n in_o march_v agesilaus_n after_o victory_n get_v against_o the_o argive_n against_o who_o he_o stand_v in_o the_o right_a wing_n hear_v that_o the_o theban_n have_v beat_v the_o orchomenian_o in_o the_o left_a wing_n use_v the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v against_o they_o the_o word_n of_o c._n xenophon_n sound_v thus_o here_o the_o stranger_n be_v about_o to_o crown_n agesilaus_n think_v he_o have_v get_v the_o victory_n when_o news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o theban_n after_o they_o have_v break_v the_o orchomenian_o have_v force_v a_o passage_n as_o far_o as_o the_o baggage_n then_o agesilaus_n countermarch_v his_o phalange_n lead_v against_o they_o the_o theban_n perceive_v their_o confederate_n be_v fie_v up_o to_o the_o mount_n helicon_n close_v their_o troop_n together_o as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v seek_v to_o open_v a_o way_n by_o force_n and_o to_o get_v up_o unto_o they_o agesilaus_n albeit_o he_o may_v by_o give_v way_n to_o the_o foremost_a have_v follow_v they_o at_o heel_n and_o charge_v the_o rear_n yet_o do_v he_o it_o not_o but_o meet_v the_o theban_n front_v to_o front_v thus_o encounter_v and_o clash_v their_o target_n together_o they_o fight_v thrust_v on_o kill_v and_o be_v kill_v in_o fine_a some_o of_o the_o theban_n break_v through_o to_o helicon_n other_o some_o as_o they_o seek_v to_o escape_v be_v leave_v dead_a on_o the_o place_n agesilaus_n here_o follow_v the_o chase_n upon_o the_o argive_n towards_o the_o mount_n helicon_n the_o theban_n upon_o the_o orchomenian_o the_o contrary_a way_n towards_o the_o enemy_n campe._n the_o theban_n see_v their_o confederate_n flee_v to_o the_o mount_n helicon_n return_v towards_o they_o agesilaus_n countermarch_v to_o meet_v they_o meet_v they_o and_o fight_v with_o they_o for_o the_o countermarch_v he_o use_v i_o make_v account_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a himself_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o he_o use_v it_o to_o meet_v the_o theban_n brave_o in_o front_n the_o same_o agesilaus_n after_o he_o have_v by_o night_n encamp_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n behind_o mantinaea_n encompass_v d._n about_o with_o mountain_n perceive_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o mantinaeans_n gather_v together_o upon_o the_o top_n that_o lay_v right_a over_o the_o head_n of_o his_o rearegard_n determine_v to_o lead_v his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o place_n with_o all_o speed_n now_o if_o himself_o shall_v lead_v he_o fear_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v upon_o his_o rear_n therefore_o stand_v still_o and_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o last_o of_o the_o phalange_n to_o march_v back_o again_o from_o the_o rear_n and_o come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o so_o at_o once_o he_o bring_v his_o army_n out_o 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