Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	double_v	file_n	right_a	14,816	5	9.0389	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31706	The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.; De bello civili. English	Caesar, Julius.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Observations upon Caesars commentaries of the civil warres.; Hirtius, Aulus. De bello Gallico. Liber 8. English.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Manner of our modern training or tactick practise.; Caesar, Julius. De bello Gallico. English.	1655 (1655)	Wing C199; ESTC R17666	660,153	403

thus_o command_v at_o sometime_o to_o turn_v his_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o about_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o order_n hand_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n before_o name_v so_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v reduce_v into_o their_o close_a order_n be_v command_v to_o turn_v as_o one_o body_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n scutum_fw-la it_o be_v perform_v thus_o imagine_v the_o battallion_n stand_v first_o in_o order_n it_o shall_v be_v command_v that_o they_o close_v their_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n when_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v still_o the_o rest_n turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o return_v as_o they_o be_v next_o that_o they_o close_v their_o rank_n from_o behind_o when_o every_o follower_n march_v forward_o to_o his_o leader_n unto_o his_o rapier_n point_v as_o be_v say_v before_o this_o do_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o right_a file_n stand_v immovable_a all_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o a_o great_a gate_n turn_v about_o that_o leader_n as_o about_o the_o hinge_n or_o centre_n every_o one_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n and_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v first_o place_v as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a body_n when_o the_o same_o battallion_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o same_o station_n wherein_o it_o be_v first_o be_v it_o be_v command_v revolutio_fw-la face_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o march_v into_o your_o order_n from_o whence_o you_o be_v close_v reversio_fw-la then_o let_v your_o leader_n or_o first_o rank_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o march_z rank_n in_o order_n as_o before_o then_o turn_v as_o you_o be_v and_o you_o be_v restore_v when_o the_o whole_a battallion_n be_v in_o their_o close_a order_n shall_v turn_v about_o and_o make_v the_o rear_n the_o front_n about_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a turn_n or_o declination_n militum_fw-la and_o command_v to_o wheel_v about_o which_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o former_a face_n about_o or_o mutation_n there_o be_v also_o another_o wheel_a in_o this_o sort_n reflex●o_o when_o the_o front_n change_v the_o aspect_n thrice_o for_o as_o wheel_v about_o make_v the_o front_n the_o rear_n so_o this_o wheel_v from_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o left_a or_o contrariwise_o which_o fashion_n be_v so_o seldom_o use_v that_o we_o scarce_o afford_v it_o a_o name_n in_o all_o such_o motion_n and_o alteration_n it_o be_v most_o fit_a that_o all_o man_n perform_v their_o direction_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v be_v in_o that_o sort_n most_o easy_a to_o be_v command_v as_o also_o less_o troublesome_a to_o their_o follower_n and_o leader_n countermarch_v file_n and_o rank_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n his_o assault_v we_o in_o the_o rear_n or_o flank_n lest_o he_o shall_v find_v our_o worst_a man_n least_o able_a to_o make_v resistance_n and_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o countermarch_v both_o file_n and_o rank_n three_o divers_a way_n apiece_o the_o first_o be_v use_v by_o the_o macedonian_n file_n after_o this_o fashion_n first_o the_o leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o the_o next_o follower_n march_v behind_o his_o leader_n turn_v also_o macedonica_fw-la and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o until_o the_o bringer_n up_o have_v carry_v himself_o out_o into_o a_o new_a place_n in_o the_o rear_n further_o from_o the_o enemy_n as_o he_o be_v before_o next_o unto_o he_o but_o this_o neither_o be_v nor_o be_v account_v safe_a or_o secure_a because_o it_o do_v somewhat_o resemble_v a_o fly_a or_o run_v away_o from_o the_o enemy_n which_o may_v give_v he_o no_o small_a encouragement_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o practice_n only_o at_o some_o time_n the_o bringer_n up_o march_v throughout_o beyond_o the_o leader_n until_o they_o possess_v the_o same_o space_n before_o they_o which_o they_o do_v behind_o they_o all_o turn_v their_o face_n about_o make_v their_o leader_n to_o affront_v the_o enemy_n who_o be_v before_o far_a from_o they_o the_o lacedamonian_o use_v the_o contrary_a through_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n the_o bringer_n up_o first_o be_v turn_v face_n about_o and_o so_o the_o next_o march_v before_o he_o and_o so_o the_o three_o evolutio_fw-la until_o the_o leader_n himself_o become_v also_o turn_v and_o in_o the_o foremost_a front_n unto_o the_o enemy_n which_o with_o we_o be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o but_o yet_o both_o affront_a and_o as_o it_o be_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n because_o our_o leader_n first_o begin_v this_o motion_n and_o so_o countermarch_v through_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n become_v in_o the_o front_n in_o a_o new_a space_n of_o ground_n who_o be_v before_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o persian_n who_o when_o the_o place_n or_o near_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o change_v their_o ground_n stand_v they_o be_v wont_n to_o countermarch_n the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o stand_v still_o until_o the_o other_o half_a file_n have_v likewise_o march_v forth_o and_o fall_v upon_o their_o leader_n in_o every_o file_n in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v especial_o command_v evolutio_fw-la to_o march_v still_o in_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o by_o whole_a rank_n to_o prevent_v confusion_n which_o especial_o the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n must_v needs_o be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o like_a sort_n the_o rank_n may_v countermarch_n when_o either_o the_o right_a wing_n will_v be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o left_a rank_n or_o the_o leave_v by_o the_o right_n always_o march_v by_o whole_a file_n towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o direction_n either_o change_v the_o ground_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n as_o in_o the_o former_a countermarche_n there_o be_v use_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o strengthen_v both_o the_o front_n and_o flank_v when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v viz_o by_o double_v either_o file_n or_o rank_n and_o this_o either_o by_o double_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o same_o file_n or_o rank_n keep_v still_o the_o same_o breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o ground_n hand_n or_o else_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n keep_v the_o same_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o file_n be_v double_v when_o the_o second_o file_n shall_v insert_v itself_o into_o the_o first_o the_o leader_n thereof_o put_v himself_o a_o follower_n unto_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o man_n and_o the_o next_o follower_n follower_n to_o the_o next_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forward_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n insert_v itself_o into_o the_o three_o and_o the_o six_o into_o the_o five_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v when_o the_o battallion_n stand_v in_o his_o order_n to_o double_v the_o place_n or_o depth_n altitudinem_fw-la be_v when_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n shall_v put_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o order_n into_o their_o open_a order_n ground_n either_o by_o advance_v forward_o or_o by_o fall_v backward_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v the_o rank_n be_v double_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n troop_n either_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o into_o the_o first_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o before_z in_o the_o file_n or_o else_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n by_o join_v whole_a troop_n together_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a wing_n according_a as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v longitudinem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o safe_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n it_o be_v perform_v either_o in_o the_o same_o ground_n or_o by_o double_v the_o ground_n when_o either_o we_o desire_v to_o exceed_v the_o front_n of_o our_o enemy_n his_o battallion_n or_o to_o prevent_v lest_o we_o ourselves_o be_v include_v the_o term_n to_o both_o be_v double_v your_o file_n or_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o when_o you_o will_v have_v they_o return_v again_o into_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v command_v as_o you_o be_v the_o ordinary_a direction_n which_o be_v especial_o give_v in_o these_o martial_a exercise_n be_v first_o that_o no_o man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o exercise_v or_o marshal_n shall_v be_v loud_o than_o his_o officer_n keep_v but_o every_o one_o attend_v to_o his_o place_n when_o he_o be_v command_v shall_v diligent_o hearken_v to_o such_o direction_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v the_o captain_n in_o the_o front_n shall_v speak_v and_o the_o sergeant_n in_o each_o flank_n shall_v give_v the_o word_n unto_o the_o lieutenant_n or_o ensign_n

charge_n and_o to_o retreat_n with_o all_o which_o several_a note_n the_o soldier_n be_v so_o familiar_o to_o be_v acquaint_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v they_o beat_v he_o may_v be_v ready_a sudden_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n as_o if_o he_o hear_v his_o captain_n pronounce_v as_o much_o the_o direction_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v infinite_a mouth_n according_a to_o the_o different_a occasion_n which_o shall_v be_v offer_v yet_o always_o with_o this_o caveat_n that_o they_o be_v short_a yet_o perspicuous_a without_o all_o ambiguity_n and_o plain_o pronounce_v first_o by_o the_o captain_n then_o derive_v by_o the_o sergeant_n through_o the_o division_n or_o battallion_n though_o infinite_a yet_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v these_o to_o your_o arm_n keep_v your_o file_n keep_v your_o rank_n division_n follow_v your_o leader_n leader_n look_v to_o your_o file_n keep_v your_o distance_n face_n to_o your_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o your_o left_a hand_n close_o your_o file_n close_o your_o rank_n stand_v as_o you_o be_v as_o you_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n wheel_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n double_v your_o rank_n double_v your_o file_n leader_n countermarch_n through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n leader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o stand_v middleman_n come_v forth_o and_o fall_v upon_o your_o leader_n beside_o many_o fit_a term_n command_v in_o manage_v particular_a arm_n as_o pike_n and_o musket_n which_o be_v omit_v and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o tactick_a practice_n of_o our_o modern_a war_n which_o i_o have_v the_o rather_o add_v in_o regard_n that_o diverse_a soldier_n as_o unacquainted_a both_o with_o the_o manner_n and_o the_o value_n thereof_o do_v think_v a_o heap_n of_o people_n unmartial_v to_o be_v as_o available_a for_o a_o great_a design_n as_o any_o other_o number_n distinguish_v in_o file_n and_o part_n and_o dispose_v for_o facile_a and_o easy_a motion_n according_a to_o the_o powerful_a circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n wherein_o howsoever_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o hungarian_a may_v seem_v to_o give_v warrant_n to_o that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o roman_n who_o conquer_a army_n be_v pregnant_a witness_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n shall_v speak_v sufficient_o for_o order_n and_o tactick_a motion_n as_o most_o necessary_a part_n in_o a_o well-ordered_a war_n finis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 3._o salu●●_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jogur_n suitzer_n m●tron●_n s●quara_n curardum_fw-la vi●in●s_fw-la populis_fw-la 〈…〉_z in●●r_o 〈◊〉_d ●opulos_fw-la col_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d caesar_n caesar_n s●voyards_n the_o omission_n in_o the_o helvetian_a expedition_n caesar_n caesar_n rome_n caesar_n caesar_n so_o ne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n of_o their_o watch_n caesar_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z place_n o●_n advantage_n in_o the_o roman_a war_n their_o manner_n of_o victual_v caesar_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o imbattel_v by_o triple●_n a●ies_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la lib._n 5._o the_o militia_n romana_fw-la a_o phalanx_n describe_v caesar_n speech_n of_o encouragement_n before_o they_o give_v battle_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gallico_n the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v lib._n ●_o de_fw-fr militia_n roman_n lib._n 5._o salus●_n the_o ensign_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o division_n of_o their_o day_n caesar_n langre_n periculum_fw-la 〈…〉_z caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n tthe_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n liv._o lib._n 8._o lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n caesar_n le_fw-fr doux_fw-fr caesar_n whether_o man_n have_v great_a courage_n in_o their_o own_o or_o in_o a_o stranger_n country_n caesar_n footman_n intermingle_v among_o horseman_n lib._n 6._o lib._n 3._o the_o ex●id_n lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la africano_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o use_n of_o lot_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o country_n about_o b●auvois_n b●auvois_n the_o country_n about_o so●ssons_n so●ssons_n the_o people_n about_o tournay_n tournay_n arras_n arras_n amiens_n amiens_n vermandois_n vermandois_n tervenne_fw-fr tervenne_fw-fr liege_n 308000._o in_o all_o all_o la_fw-fr disne_n caesar_n a_o legion_n what_o it_o be_v lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la romuli_n liv._o lib._n 22._o taci●us_n ●_o hist_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la triarii_fw-la lib._n 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mil._n rom._n the_o use_n of_o this_o division_n the_o distinction_n of_o their_o company_n manipuli_fw-la ordines_fw-la cohors_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la re_fw-mi ●ust_z a_o legion_n range_v in_o battle_n the_o first_o order_n 3_o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la civili_fw-la prima_fw-la cohor●_n the_o benefit_n of_o this_o discipline_n the_o benefit_n of_o small_a battalion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o great_a squadron_n squadron_n bray_v in_o the_o county_n of_o re●ell_n to_o take_v a_o town_n by_o surprise_n a_o testudo_fw-la describe_v lib._n 44._o lib._n 4●_n the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n discovery_n now_o england_n the_o order_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o discovery_n slingers_n with_o their_o art_n and_o use_v lib._n ●_o lib._n 2._o 〈◊〉_d quest_n 〈◊〉_d caesar_n caesar_n no●on_n caesar_n caesar_n soyssons_fw-fr agger_fw-la or_o mount_v tower_n or_o turret_n describe_v caesar_n the_o bellovaci_n take_v to_o mercy_n the_o ambiani_n yield_v up_o themselves_o the_o nervii_n nervii_n sambre_n near_o namur_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n the_o two_o respect_n which_o caesar_n have_v in_o order_v a_o m●r●h_n 1_o safety_n 2_o conveniency_n agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la quadratum_fw-la lib._n 8._o the_o bell_n gall._n gall._n 60._o epist_n lib_fw-la 6._o agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la lib._n 5._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gall._n the_o use_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o this_o in_o our_o modern_a war_n caesar_n the_o descript_n on_o of_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o all_o the_o part_n belong_v unto_o it_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o legion_n quintana_n principia_fw-la the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n the_o space_n between_o the_o tent_n and_o the_o rampire_n contubernium_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n agger_fw-la vallum_n praetoria_n porta_fw-la porte_fw-fr decumana_fw-la porte_fw-fr principales_fw-la laeva_fw-la dextra_fw-la castra_n aestiva_fw-la hiberna_fw-la the_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a the_o ceremony_n which_o they_o use_v in_o their_o preparation_n to_o battle_n caesar_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o take_v it_o be_v something_o else_o than_o a_o word_n the_o place_n and_o office_n of_o 〈◊〉_d primipile_n the_o target_n describe_v lib._n 16._o cap._n 40._o caesar_n lib._n the_o militia_n ju._n cae._n cae._n either_o douai_n or_o bolda●_n in_o brabant_n caesar_n circumvallatio_n in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n aries_n or_o the_o ram._n cales_n aries_n simplex_fw-la aries_n composita_fw-la to_o give_v notice_n of_o a_o alarm_n by_o fire_n lib._n 25._o the_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_n lay_v upon_o a_o conquer_a nation_n caesar_n of_o this_o supplication_n i_o ●ill_v speak_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o four_o book_n caesar_n caesar_n the_o force_n of_o novelty_n turn_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n caesar_n caesar_n savoyard_n savoyard_n le_fw-fr perche_n perche_n cornoaille_fw-fr in_o bretaigne_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vannes_n the_o weakness_n of_o our_o judgement_n in●eg●●rd_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o 〈…〉_z the_o authority_n of_o example_n caesar_n caesar_n lig●ris_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o that_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o ambassador_n caesar_n lendriguer_n lisieux_n nantes_n auren_n be_v le●●do●●_n city_n in_o little_a britain_n britain_n trier_n caesar_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n spring-tide_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o ship_n lib._n 28._o the_o manner_n of_o sea-sight_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la caesar_n the_o force_n of_o industry_n industry_n la_fw-fr perch●_n caesar_n caesar_n roan_n roan_n eureux_fw-fr the_o use_n which_o the_o roman_n make_v of_o a_o counterfeit_a fear_n lib._n 5._o caesar_n caesar_n evocati_fw-la evocati_fw-la lib._n 7._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la gall._n caesar_n sertorius_n two_o mean_n to_o achieve_v victory_n and_o to_o overmaster_v our_o enemy_n tuba_fw-la 〈◊〉_d by_o war_n and_o naamah_n by_o the_o flood_n not_o to_o forgo_v a_o advantage_n the_o place_n where_o suspect_a force_n be_v best_a bestow_v in_o battle_n caesar_n lib._n 3._o avertiman_n to_o secundo_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n caesar_n caesar_n throne_n throne_n cl●ve_v and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d those_o of_o zutphen_n zutphen_n of_o hassia_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n geldres_n and_o cleve_n sallust_n tacit._n 1._o annal._n caesar_n caesar_n liege_n liege_n co●o●ia_fw-la agrippina_n agrippina_n wael_n vincitur_fw-la haud_fw-la gratis_o jugulo_fw-la qui_fw-la provocat_n hostem_fw-la liv._o lib._n 9_o liv._o lib._n 7._o caesar_n caesar_n csar_n lib._n de_fw-fr machin_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n caesar_n 〈…〉_z monstr●ul_a caesar_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o reason_n the_o

but_o all_o be_v trivial_a and_o imaginary_a we_o forbear_v further_a disquisition_n and_o pass_v to_o our_o observation_n upon_o his_o medal_n observation_n upon_o caesar_n medal_n upon_o the_o first_o medal_n the_o effigy_n of_o venus_n genitrix_n with_o a_o globe_n or_o world_n before_o she_o without_o any_o inscription_n though_o occo_n and_o vrsinus_n mention_v one_o inscribe_v with_o l._n buca_n the_o other_o side_n have_v venus_n give_v anchises_n a_o meeting_n near_o mount_n ida_n this_o it_o shall_v seem_v caesar_n cause_v to_o be_v do_v out_o of_o flattery_n to_o himself_o in_o that_o it_o serve_v both_o to_o make_v his_o original_n more_o illustrious_a and_o as_o a_o monument_n of_o that_o happiness_n and_o good_a fortune_n which_o this_o goddess_n have_v procure_v he_o in_o all_o his_o enterprise_n for_o it_o be_v his_o ambition_n to_o have_v descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o anchises_n and_o venus_n by_o who_o indulgence_n he_o have_v conquer_v the_o universe_n as_o be_v his_o directrix_fw-la in_o all_o his_o design_n as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o globe_n or_o world_n whereof_o this_o goddess_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o protectress_n as_o be_v esteem_v the_o sovereign_a genius_n of_o generation_n according_a to_o solinus_n tu_fw-la foetibus_fw-la auge_n cuncta_fw-la suis_fw-la totus_fw-la pariter_fw-la tibi_fw-la parturit_fw-la orbis_fw-la and_o her_o worship_n be_v questionless_a very_o ancient_a for_o it_o be_v the_o head_n of_o venus_n genitrix_n that_o the_o saracen_n and_o ishmaelite_n worship_v allege_v that_o abraham_n have_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o enjoy_v hagar_n from_o who_o proceed_v a_o great_a generation_n as_o enthymius_n zigabenus_n in_o his_o table_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o the_o anonymous_a greek_a author_n of_o the_o saracen_n history_n have_v observe_v so_o have_v we_o here_o the_o same_o goddess_n accost_v that_o great_a heros_n to_o have_v issue_n by_o he_o the_o genius_n destine_v to_o further_a the_o establishment_n of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n have_v a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o signify_v the_o future_a majesty_n of_o that_o monarchy_n the_o second_o medal_n l._n sepulius_fw-la macer_n venus_n stand_v with_o a_o victory_n in_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o pike_n in_o the_o other_o be_v the_o otherside_n of_o that_o which_o bear_v the_o effigy_n of_o caesar_n and_o the_o star_n of_o this_o goddess_n servius_n quote_v a_o observation_n of_o varro_n say_v upon_o the_o first_o of_o the_o aeneid_n that_o when_o this_o heros_n lest_o troy_n look_v up_o into_o the_o sky_n he_o present_o perceive_v venus_n in_o the_o daytime_n she_o shine_v then_o purposely_o to_o direct_v he_o to_o laurentum_n the_o place_n for_o which_o the_o destiny_n have_v design_v he_o the_o egyptian_n represent_v this_o star_n by_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o most_o beautiful_a woman_n it_o be_v think_v the_o bright_a in_o the_o firmament_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pulcherrima_fw-la be_v name_v in_o the_o morning_n phosphorus_n or_o lucifer_n in_o the_o evening_n vesper_n this_o star_n therefore_o that_o be_v aeneas_n conductress_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o midwife_n of_o the_o light_n venus_n be_v the_o same_o which_o the_o saracen_n call_v cuba_n or_o kabar_n which_o word_n signify_v great_a be_v also_o otherwise_o call_v astarte_n urania_n or_o coelestibus_fw-la by_o all_o which_o name_n be_v mean_v no_o other_o but_o this_o genetrix_fw-la under_o which_o epithet_n the_o lacedaemonian_n adore_v and_o invoke_v she_o as_o a_o advancer_n of_o generation_n the_o roman_n in_o the_o circensian_a game_n bring_v forth_o the_o statue_n of_o caesar_n in_o pomp_n have_v the_o planet_n venus_n on_o his_o head_n now_o this_o urania_n because_o of_o her_o procreative_a influence_n be_v hold_v in_o particular_a devotion_n by_o the_o woman_n as_o divers_a medal_n of_o the_o empress_n discover_v be_v common_o inscribe_v veneri_fw-la coelesti_fw-la and_o have_v that_o star_n gualterus_n furnish_v we_o with_o a_o inscription_n of_o a_o certain_a priestesse_n of_o she_o out_o of_o the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o sicily_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diodotus_n titieli_fw-it filius_fw-la appeiraeus_n sororem_fw-la svam_fw-la minyram_fw-la artemonis_fw-la filiam_fw-la sacerdotem_fw-la veneris_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la she_o be_v also_o inscribe_v venus_n coelestibus_fw-la augusta_n possible_o in_o favour_n of_o some_o empress_n as_o also_o invicta_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la the_o three_o medal_n caesar_z dict_n perp._n caesar_n perpetual_a dictator_n a_o venus_n victrix_n naked_a hold_v a_o helmet_n and_o a_o buckler_n there_o be_v before_o her_o a_o pillar_n upon_o which_o be_v place_v a_o eagle_n and_o behind_o a_o military_a ensign_n the_o meaning_n be_v this_o we_o have_v venus_n here_o naked_a with_o a_o helmet_n in_o her_o hand_n to_o signify_v her_o victorious_a over_o mars_n by_o her_o charm_a attraction_n as_o if_o that_o god_n have_v quite_o lose_v all_o courage_n deliver_v up_o his_o arm_n and_o render_v himself_o her_o prisoner_n thus_o menelaus_n cast_v away_o his_o pike_n sword_n and_o buckler_n have_v have_v but_o a_o glimpse_n of_o the_o delicate_a breast_n of_o the_o fair_a hellen._n but_o in_o this_o medal_n venus_n denote_v that_o she_o have_v so_o fortunate_o assist_v caesar_n the_o minion_n of_o all_o her_o progeny_n in_o all_o his_o warlike_a enterprise_n that_o he_o have_v obtain_v absolute_a victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n whereof_o the_o helmet_n buckler_n and_o military_a ensign_n be_v the_o mark_n caesar_n have_v consecrate_v they_o to_o she_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o her_o favour_n the_o eagle_n pitch_v upon_o a_o pillar_n signify_v that_o his_o victory_n have_v assure_v he_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o shall_v be_v his_o eternal_o the_o eagle_n denote_v empire_n and_o royalty_n and_o presage_n and_o signify_v absolute_a victory_n it_o signify_v also_o that_o the_o empire_n shall_v be_v assure_v to_o he_o maugre_o all_o the_o force_n and_o opposition_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o german_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o who_o he_o shall_v despise_v as_o this_o bird_n do_v thunder_n for_o that_o of_o all_o creature_n it_o can_v ascend_v above_o the_o cloud_n where_o it_o can_v suffer_v no_o injury_n the_o four_o medal_n german_n induti_fw-la iii_o a_o river_n lie_v by_o a_o mountain_n side_n pour_v out_o his_o water_n have_v a_o boat_n or_o bark_n near_o he_o this_o medal_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v stamp_v purposely_o to_o exercise_v our_o divination_n we_o conceive_v it_o shall_v be_v read_v germana_n indutia_n and_o that_o the_o number_n three_o stand_n for_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o year_n take_v the_o word_n indutia_n to_o signify_v a_o colony_n of_o german_n dispose_v into_o that_o place_n by_o caesar_n order_n this_o name_n indeed_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o geographer_n only_a pliny_n mention_n a_o town_n call_v industria_n situate_v along_o the_o apennine_a upon_o the_o famous_a river_n of_o po._n now_o there_o be_v a_o great_a conformity_n between_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o town_n and_o this_o medal_n and_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v a_o erratum_fw-la in_o pliny_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v indutia_n instead_o of_o industria_n which_o be_v not_o so_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n for_o the_o three_o point_n iii_o they_o may_v signify_v the_o year_n of_o the_o establishment_n of_o that_o colony_n or_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v another_o medal_n have_v four_o four_o denote_v the_o four_o year_n but_o it_o have_v withal_o the_o devise_n of_o a_o ox_n with_o his_o head_n stoop_v and_o his_o knee_n bend_v which_o posture_n imply_v the_o establishment_n and_o foundation_n of_o a_o city_n in_o this_o posture_n do_v nonnus_n describe_v the_o ox_n of_o cadmus_n upon_o both_o these_o medal_n there_o be_v a_o venus_n victrix_n on_o one_o side_n and_o what_o be_v before_o recite_v on_o the_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o plant_n of_o this_o colony_n happen_v after_o caesar_n most_o remarkable_a victory_n against_o the_o german_n the_o five_o and_o six_o medal_n we_o have_v these_o two_o medal_n from_o goltzius_n whereof_o one_o in_o greek_a have_v a_o tripod_n and_o two_o star_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o head_n &_o the_o other_o side_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d caesar_n imperator_n pontifex_fw-la maximus_fw-la augur_n this_o tripod_n of_o apollo_n have_v something_o in_o it_o more_o particular_a apollo_n augur_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v here_o design_v by_o one_o of_o the_o star_n which_o accompany_v that_o of_o venus_n genetrix_fw-la or_o coelestibus_fw-la show_v that_o caesar_n be_v assist_v in_o his_o charge_n of_o augur_n and_o his_o study_n of_o astrology_n and_o presage_v whereof_o the_o lituus_fw-la and_o

philip_n time_n though_o but_o the_o people_n of_o a_o particular_a city_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o charge_n of_o neocori_n there_o be_v a_o medal_n which_o have_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o effigy_n of_o bacchus_n crown_v with_o vine-branche_n inscribe_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o reverse_n that_o of_o philip_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o fine_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o ilium_n obtain_v leave_v of_o caesar_n to_o make_v some_o magnificence_n under_o the_o title_n of_o neocori_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o the_o julian_n family_n have_v erect_v in_o memory_n of_o his_o extraction_n from_o anchises_n aeneas_n and_o julus_n some_o colossus_n represent_v the_o posture_n of_o aeneas_n when_o he_o leave_v troy_n do_v a_o signal_n act_n of_o piety_n both_o towards_o the_o god_n and_o man_n have_v the_o palladium_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o carrying_z the_o old_a man_n his_o father_n in_o his_o right_a arm_n as_o woman_n carry_v child_n the_o little_a julus_n march_v before_o have_v his_o hat_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o ask_v his_o father_n the_o way_n with_o the_o other_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v that_o this_o be_v the_o second_o time_n they_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o quality_n and_o commission_n of_o be_v neocori_n and_o that_o they_o have_v celebrate_v the_o solemn_a day_n with_o panegyric_n pomp_n exercise_n and_o other_o magnificence_n befit_v the_o grandeur_n of_o caesar_n the_o wife_n of_o caesar_n his_o first_o wife_n be_v cossutia_n who_o he_o marry_v in_o his_o youth_n but_o divorce_v she_o at_o the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n before_o he_o have_v live_v with_o she_o though_o she_o be_v rich_a and_o descend_v of_o a_o family_n of_o the_o roman_a knight_n the_o second_o be_v cornelia_n the_o daughter_n of_o cornelius_n cinna_n one_o who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n by_o who_o he_o have_v only_o one_o daughter_n name_v julia_n afterward_o first_o wife_n to_o pompey_n he_o take_v her_o death_n very_o heavy_o and_o public_o commend_v she_o in_o a_o most_o elegant_a funeral_n oration_n the_o three_o be_v pompeia_n the_o daughter_n of_o q._n pompeius_n who_o have_v get_v that_o evil_a report_n as_o if_o publius_n claudius_n have_v be_v somewhat_o too_o familiar_a with_o she_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o caesar_n divorce_v she_o the_o four_o and_o last_o be_v calphurnia_n who_o outlive_v he_o and_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o lucius_n piso_n a_o woman_n of_o a_o generous_a spirit_n and_o well_o speak_v and_o have_v that_o honour_n and_o affection_n for_o caesar_n that_o after_o his_o death_n she_o herself_o make_v a_o most_o elegant_a funeral_n oration_n to_o his_o honour_n and_o afterward_o retire_v to_o mark_n antony_n the_o medal_n of_o the_o triumvir_n this_o medal_n be_v of_o copper_n small_a of_o the_o greek_a fashion_n it_o represent_v the_o three_o effigy_n of_o caesar_n antonius_n and_o lepidus_n do_v sidewayes_o one_o upon_o another_o on_o the_o 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convenient_a time_n he_o hoist_a sail_n a_o little_a after_o midnight_n and_o bring_v all_o his_o ship_n safe_a unto_o the_o continent_n two_o of_o these_o ship_n of_o burden_n not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v the_o same_o haven_n put_v in_o somewhat_o low_a into_o the_o land_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o they_o which_o be_v about_o three_o hundred_o be_v set_v on_o shore_n and_o march_v towards_o their_o camp_n the_o morini_n with_o who_o caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o brittany_n have_v make_v peace_n in_o hope_n of_o a_o booty_n first_o with_o a_o few_o of_o their_o man_n stand_v about_o they_o command_v they_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n and_o as_o the_o roman_n by_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o orb_n begin_v to_o make_v defence_n at_o the_o noise_n and_o clamour_n among_o they_o there_o be_v sudden_o gather_v together_o about_o six_o thousand_o of_o the_o enemy_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n send_v out_o all_o the_o horseman_n to_o relieve_v they_o in_o the_o meantime_n the_o roman_n sustain_v the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v valiant_o about_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hour_n and_o receive_v themselves_o only_o some_o few_o wound_n they_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a horseman_n come_v in_o sight_n the_o enemy_n cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n and_o flee_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o horseman_n observation_n of_o all_o the_o figure_n which_o the_o tactici_fw-la have_v choose_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o military_a affair_n the_o circle_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v for_o the_o fit_a to_o be_v apply_v in_o the_o defensive_a part_n as_o enclose_v with_o a_o equal_a circuit_n on_o all_o part_n whatsoever_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o circumference_n of_o that_o area_n and_o therefore_o geometry_n term_v a_o circumference_n a_o simple_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o if_o you_o alter_v the_o site_n of_o the_o part_n and_o transport_v one_o arch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o another_o the_o figure_n notwithstanding_o will_v remain_v the_o same_o because_o of_o the_o equal_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n throughout_o the_o whole_a circumference_n which_o property_n as_o it_o prove_v a_o uniformity_n of_o strength_n in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n or_o this_o be_v the_o end_n this_o be_v front_n or_o this_o be_v flank_n so_o do_v that_o which_o euclid_n do_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o element_n concern_v the_o small_a affinity_n between_o a_o right_a line_n and_o a_o circle_n which_o be_v draw_v to_o touch_v the_o circumference_n do_v touch_v it_o but_o in_o a_o point_n only_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o strength_n in_o regard_n of_o any_o other_o line_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v break_v which_o howsoever_o they_o seem_v as_o speculative_a quality_n conceive_v rather_o by_o intellectual_a discourse_n then_o manifest_v to_o sensible_a apprehension_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o experience_n have_v prove_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o a_o defensive_a part_n above_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v let_v we_o not_o neglect_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a property_n which_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n neither_o let_v we_o neglect_v this_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n be_v so_o strong_a a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v valour_n and_o the_o sinew_n of_o all_o our_o ability_n for_o order_v correspondent_a to_o circumstance_n be_v the_o whole_a strength_n and_o power_n of_o a_o army_n neither_o aught_o there_o any_o action_n in_o a_o wel-ordered_n discipline_n to_o be_v irregular_a or_o void_a of_o order_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n do_v neither_o eat_v nor_o sleep_v without_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o consul_n or_o chief_a commander_n otherwise_o their_o valour_n may_v rather_o have_v be_v term_v fury_n then_o virtue_n but_o when_o their_o courage_n be_v range_v with_o order_n and_o dispose_v according_a to_o the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o time_n it_o never_o fail_v as_o long_o as_o the_o say_a order_n continue_v perfect_a it_o appear_v therefore_o how_o important_a it_o be_v for_o a_o commander_n to_o look_v into_o the_o diversity_n of_o order_n for_o imbattel_v and_o to_o weigh_v the_o nature_n thereof_o that_o he_o may_v with_o knowledge_n apply_v they_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o any_o occasion_n the_o roman_n term_v this_o figure_n orbis_n which_o signify_v a_o round_a body_n both_o with_o a_o concave_n and_o a_o convex_a surface_n in_o resemblance_n whereof_o i_o understand_v this_o orb_n of_o man_n imbattel_v to_o be_v so_o name_v which_o may_v peradventure_o consist_v of_o five_o or_o more_o or_o few_o rank_n enclose_v one_o another_o after_o the_o nature_n of_o so_o many_o circle_n describe_v about_o one_o centre_n so_o that_o either_o the_o midst_n thereof_o remain_v void_a or_o otherwise_o contain_v such_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n as_o they_o have_v with_o they_o in_o their_o march_n this_o form_n of_o imbattel_v be_v never_o use_v but_o in_o great_a extremity_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o safe_a of_o all_o other_o so_o it_o give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o soldier_n of_o exceed_a danger_n which_o abate_v much_o of_o their_o heat_n in_o battle_n as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o caesar_n himself_o in_o the_o five_o commentary_n upon_o the_o occasion_n which_o happen_v unto_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o next_o day_n caesar_n send_v titus_n labienus_n a_o legate_n caesar_n with_o those_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o brittany_n against_o the_o revolt_a morini_n who_o have_v no_o place_n of_o refuge_n because_o their_o bog_n and_o fen_n be_v dry_v up_o where_o they_o have_v shelter_v themselves_o the_o year_n before_o they_o all_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o mercy_n q._n titurius_n and_o a._n cotta_n the_o legate_n who_o have_v lead_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o menapii_n after_o they_o have_v waste_v their_o field_n cut_v up_o their_o corn_n burn_v their_o house_n for_o the_o menapii_n be_v all_o hide_v in_o thick_a wood_n return_v to_o caesar_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o end_v caesar_n place_v the_o winter_v camp_n of_o all_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o belgae_n to_o which_o place_n two_o only_a of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o brittany_n send_v hostage_n unto_o he_o the_o rest_n neglect_v it_o these_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v upon_o the_o relation_n of_o caesar_n letter_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o supplication_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n observation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n we_o read_v of_o a_o supplication_n grant_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o fifteen_o day_n which_o be_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o man_n before_o that_o time_n since_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o this_o four_o year_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v augment_v from_o fifteen_o unto_o twenty_o day_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o refer_v the_o handle_n thereof_o unto_o this_o place_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o understand_v that_o whensoever_o a_o roman_a general_n have_v carry_v himself_o well_o in_o the_o war_n by_o gain_v a_o victory_n or_o enlarge_n the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n that_o then_o the_o senate_n do_v decree_v a_o supplication_n to_o the_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o captain_n and_o this_o dignity_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a honour_n that_o in_o their_o name_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o their_o victory_n acknowledge_v with_o the_o concourse_n and_o gratulation_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n but_o also_o because_o a_o supplication_n be_v common_o the_o forerunner_n of_o a_o triumph_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n in_o the_o roman_a

and_o raise_v of_o earth_n as_o the_o best_a defence_n against_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o artillery_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o old_a manner_n of_o fortification_n be_v here_o in_o part_n deliver_v by_o caesar_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o have_v a_o word_n or_o two_o touch_v the_o fortification_n of_o these_o time_n and_o first_o touch_v the_o art_n itself_o define_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v a_o member_n of_o architecture_n but_o the_o end_n be_v military_a for_o to_o fortify_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v a_o building_n answerable_a to_o necessity_n and_o the_o occurrence_n of_o war_n neither_o be_v it_o the_o end_n of_o fortification_n to_o make_v a_o place_n inexpugnable_a or_o unpossible_a to_o be_v take_v for_o so_o it_o be_v ars_fw-la artium_fw-la but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o good_a and_o reasonable_a defence_n wheresoever_o then_o any_o such_o defence_n be_v require_v the_o mystery_n of_o fortification_n be_v to_o raise_v such_o a_o fort_n and_o to_o apply_v such_o a_o figure_n answer_v the_o quality_n and_o site_n of_o that_o place_n as_o may_v give_v great_a strength_n thereunto_o for_o as_o all_o place_n be_v not_o capable_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o best_a strength_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n so_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o strength_n between_o this_o and_o that_o figure_n and_o as_o the_o place_n want_v the_o advantage_n of_o motion_n and_o agility_n for_o its_o own_o defence_n so_o be_v it_o requisite_a it_o shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o best_a mean_n and_o commodity_n both_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o defend_v its_o own_o people_n fort_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n all_o circular_a form_n as_o compound_v of_o part_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v unfit_a for_o fortification_n for_o where_o a_o fort_n ought_v so_o to_o be_v dispose_v that_o it_o may_v have_v as_o many_o hand_n to_o strike_v as_o briar●us_n and_o as_o a_o hydra_n never_o to_o want_v a_o head_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v of_o different_a and_o unlike_a part_n as_o apt_a to_o work_v divers_a effect_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v a_o far_o off_o to_o command_v the_o country_n about_o as_o far_o as_o the_o artillery_n will_v play_v to_o stop_v the_o passage_n to_o hinder_v approach_n and_o assault_n to_o damnify_v the_o enemy_n at_o hand_n and_o far_o off_o sometime_o with_o the_o artillery_n sometime_o with_o small_a shot_n sometime_o with_o firework_n and_o other_o time_n by_o sally_n it_o have_v not_o that_o perfection_n as_o be_v requisite_a admit_v therefore_o composition_n of_o part_n fort_n next_o unto_o the_o circle_n the_o triangular_a fortress_n be_v most_o unperfect_a first_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o less_o capacity_n than_o any_o other_o of_o equal_a bound_n which_o be_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o a_o hold_n when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v pin_v up_o for_o want_n of_o room_n and_o through_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o place_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n second_o the_o bulwark_n of_o all_o such_o triangular_a fortress_n have_v always_o such_o sharp_a canton_n as_o be_v easy_o subject_a to_o break_v which_o give_v the_o enemy_n mean_v to_o approach_v they_o without_o disturbance_n from_o the_o fort_n the_o quadrangle_n fortress_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o imperfection_n of_o angle_n as_o the_o triangle_n have_v fort_n but_o be_v more_o spacious_a within_o and_o of_o great_a capacity_n and_o therefore_o pentagon_n or_o hexagon_n fortress_n or_o any_o other_o that_o have_v more_o angle_n be_v fit_a for_o fortification_n understand_v the_o place_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o they_o as_o be_v of_o a_o great_a content_n and_o have_v their_o angle_n more_o obtuse_a and_o by_o consequence_n more_o solid_a and_o strong_a a_o plain_a champain_n level_a do_v admit_v all_o sort_n of_o figure_n level_n and_o may_v take_v the_o best_a have_v these_o advantage_n advantage_n it_o easy_o hinder_v a_o enemy_n from_o approach_v near_o unto_o it_o or_o encamp_v before_o it_o and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o mine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o water_n rise_v in_o such_o level_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n disadvantage_n a_o small_a troup_n will_v besiege_v it_o and_o battery_n may_v be_v lay_v to_o divers_a place_n of_o it_o it_o be_v always_o subject_a to_o mount_v of_o earth_n and_o need_v many_o bulwark_n ●ditches_n and_o much_o cost_n to_o keep_v it_o a_o fortress_n upon_o a_o hill_n have_v these_o advantage_n hill_n a_o enemy_n can_v hardly_o lodge_v near_o unto_o it_o advantage_n or_o lay_v battery_n against_o it_o it_o require_v more_o man_n to_o besiege_v it_o disadvantage_n and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o mount_n the_o disadvantage_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n to_o make_v it_o in_o the_o best_a form_n of_o strength_n but_o must_v give_v it_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o may_v best_o fit_v the_o place_n be_v sometime_o too_o large_a and_o spacious_a and_o sometime_o too_o straight_o the_o enemy_n artillery_n have_v great_a force_n against_o it_o play_v upward_o and_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o fort_n play_v not_o so_o sure_o downward_o the_o hand_n of_o all_o fort_n be_v the_o bulwark_n from_o whence_o the_o artillery_n play_v fort_n the_o supplement_n to_o the_o bulwark_n be_v the_o ravelin_n the_o platform_n the_o casmate_n and_o the_o cavalero_n the_o wall_n be_v make_v in_o scarp_n cant_v inward_o the_o better_a to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o this_o proportion_n that_o to_o every_o five_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o six_o foot_n in_o height_n there_o be_v one_o foot_n allow_v in_o scarp_n the_o counterscarp_n be_v another_o wall_n outward_a to_o the_o first_o and_o stope_v inward_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o general_a view_n of_o fortification_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o may_v well_o be_v comprehend_v in_o these_o short_a observation_n reserve_v the_o further_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o a_o particular_a treatise_n by_o itself_o chap._n xii_o the_o siege_n of_o avaricum_n continue_v the_o siege_n be_v hinder_v by_o so_o many_o disturbance_n caesar_n and_o the_o soldier_n afflict_v all_o the_o time_n with_o cold_a and_o continual_a rain_n yet_o they_o overcome_v all_o these_o let_n with_o continual_a labour_n and_o in_o five_o and_o twenty_o day_n they_o raise_v a_o mount_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o fourscore_o in_o height_n when_o it_o come_v almost_o to_o touch_v the_o wall_n caesar_n himself_o attend_v the_o work_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v and_o encourage_v the_o soldier_n to_o omit_v no_o time_n from_o the_o same_o a_o little_a before_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n the_o mount_n be_v see_v to_o smoke_n the_o enemy_n have_v set_v it_o on_o fire_n with_o a_o i_o and_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n a_o shout_n be_v take_v up_o by_o they_o that_o stand_v upon_o the_o wall_n they_o make_v a_o sally_n out_o at_o two_o gate_n on_o both_o side_n the_o tower_n some_o cast_a firebrand_n and_o dry_a matter_n from_o the_o wall_n unto_o the_o mount_n pour_v pitch_n and_o other_o thing_n to_o nourish_v the_o fire_n that_o no_o man_n know_v whither_o to_o run_v first_o or_o where_o to_o give_v help_n notwithstanding_o forasmuch_o as_o caesar_n have_v appoint_v two_o legion_n by_o turn_n to_o watch_v before_o the_o camp_n and_o two_o other_o to_o follow_v the_o work_n it_o happen_v and_o that_o quick_o that_o some_o be_v ready_a to_o confront_v the_o sally_n and_o other_o to_o draw_v back_o the_o tower_n from_o the_o front_n of_o the_o mount_n and_o to_o cut_v the_o mount_n asunder_o the_o whole_a multitude_n come_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n to_o quench_v the_o fire_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n be_v now_o spend_v the_o fight_n continue_v every_o where_o and_o ever_o the_o enemy_n take_v new_a spirit_n and_o have_v hope_n of_o victory_n the_o rather_o because_o they_o see_v the_o shed_v or_o hovel_n belong_v to_o the_o tower_n burn_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v not_o come_v near_o the_o say_a tower_n to_o manage_v they_o as_o be_v fit_v without_o shelter_n and_o covert_n and_o that_o they_o ever_o send_v fresh_a man_n to_o take_v the_o room_n of_o such_o as_o be_v weary_a and_o over-laboured_n suppose_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o gallia_n to_o consist_v in_o that_o instant_n of_o time_n there_o happen_v ourselves_o behold_v it_o a_o accident_n worthy_a memory_n which_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o omit_v a_o certain_a gall_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n cast_v with_o his_o hand_n ball_n of_o tallow_n and_o pitch_n to_o increase_v the_o fire_n right_o over_o against_o the_o tower_n be_v shoot_v through_o the_o right_a side_n

he_o propound_v to_o the_o world_n as_o a_o absolute_a pattern_n both_o of_o military_a and_o civil_a virtue_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o roman_n continue_v the_o assault_n and_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o loss_n the_o contention_n be_v not_o indifferent_a to_o the_o roman_n ●●●sar_n neither_o in_o place_n nor_o in_o number_n of_o combatant_n be_v weary_v withal_o both_o with_o the_o long_a race_n which_o they_o have_v run_v and_o with_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o fight_n whereby_o they_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o bear_v the_o enemy_n be_v whole_a and_o fresh_a caesar_n see_v the_o fight_n to_o be_v in_o a_o unequal_a place_n and_o the_o enemy_n still_o to_o increase_v their_o force_n fear_v his_o people_n he_o send_v to_o t._n sextius_n the_o legate_n who_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o command_v the_o lesser_a camp_n to_o bring_v out_o the_o cohort_n speedy_o and_o to_o place_v they_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o our_o man_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v their_o place_n yet_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v terrify_v from_o follow_v they_o over_o free_o he_o himself_o remove_v a_o little_a out_o of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o stand_v with_o the_o legion_n attend_v the_o event_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o as_o they_o fight_v at_o hand_n very_o fierce_o the_o enemy_n trust_v in_o the_o place_n and_o in_o the_o multitude_n and_o our_o man_n in_o their_o valour_n the_o hedui_n sudden_o appear_v on_o the_o open_a side_n of_o our_o man_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v up_o by_o another_o ascent_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o keep_v off_o part_n of_o the_o enemy_n these_o by_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o armour_n do_v wonderful_o astonish_v our_o man_n who_o although_o they_o see_v their_o right_a arm_n show_v or_o put_v forth_o which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o peace_n yet_o they_o doubt_v lest_o the_o enemy_n have_v use_v that_o policy_n to_o deceive_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_a l._n fabius_n the_o centurion_n and_o those_o that_o climb_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n with_o he_o be_v slay_v be_v cast_v down_o from_o the_o wall_n again_o and_o m._n petreius_n a_o centurion_n of_o the_o same_o legion_n as_o he_o be_v about_o to_o cut_v down_o the_o gate_n be_v oppress_v with_o the_o multitude_n and_o despair_v of_o his_o own_o life_n have_v receive_v many_o wound_n forasmuch_o say_v he_o to_o his_o soldier_n that_o follow_v he_o as_o i_o can_v save_v myself_o and_o you_o too_o i_o will_v certain_o provide_v for_o your_o safety_n who_o i_o have_v bring_v into_o danger_n whilst_o i_o thirst_v after_o honour_n you_o while_o you_o may_v shift_n for_o yourselves_o and_o withal_o he_o break_v through_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o couple_n he_o remove_v the_o rest_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o as_o his_o soldier_n go_v about_o to_o help_v he_o in_o vain_a say_v he_o do_v you_o endeavour_v to_o save_v my_o life_n which_o blood_n and_o strength_n have_v already_o forsake_v and_o therefore_o get_v you_o hence_o while_o you_o have_v mean_n and_o betake_v yourselves_o to_o the_o legion_n and_o so_o fight_v fall_v down_o dead_a but_o save_v his_o man_n our_o man_n be_v overcharge_v do_v all_o side_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o six_o and_o forty_o centurion_n be_v beat_v down_o from_o the_o place_n but_o the_o ten_o legion_n which_o stand_v for_o a_o rescue_n in_o a_o more_o equal_a place_n hinder_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v over_o eager_o and_o again_o the_o cohort_n of_o the_o thirteen_o legion_n which_o sextius_n have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n second_v that_o legion_n have_v get_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o upper_a ground_n the_o legion_n assoon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o the_o plain_a stand_v still_o and_o turn_v head_n to_o the_o enemy_n vercingetorix_n draw_v back_o his_o man_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o their_o camp_n that_o day_n few_o less_o than_o seven_o hundred_o soldier_n be_v want_v observation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o presumptuous_a rashness_n when_o man_n be_v become_v so_o pregnant_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o more_o than_o be_v require_v but_o as_o they_o say_v of_o fair_a weather_n that_o it_o be_v pity_v it_o shall_v do_v hurt_v so_o be_v it_o great_a pity_n that_o valour_n and_o resolution_n shall_v prove_v disadvantageous_a for_o this_o over_n of_o a_o service_n be_v but_o the_o spirit_n of_o valiant_a carriage_n and_o the_o very_a motion_n of_o prowess_n and_o courage_n memorable_a in_o the_o offender_n themselves_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o this_o particular_a report_n of_o fabius_n and_o petreius_n and_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v that_o virtue_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v overquell_v with_o a_o great_a strength_n at_o this_o service_n the_o roman_n stand_v in_o these_o term_n they_o be_v overmatch_v in_o number_n they_o have_v spend_v their_o strength_n in_o speedy_a run_v to_o the_o place_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o favourable_a unto_o they_o but_o almost_o as_o great_a a_o enemy_n as_o the_o gall_n only_o they_o trust_v in_o their_o valour_n and_o think_v by_o virtue_n to_o clear_v all_o difficulty_n the_o gall_n have_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o place_n a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n they_o come_v fresh_a to_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v always_o second_v with_o fresh_a supply_n caesar_n see_v the_o two_o army_n engage_v one_o with_o another_o can_v neither_o part_v they_o nor_o recall_v his_o soldier_n but_o set_v such_o force_n as_o be_v free_a in_o such_o convenient_a place_n as_o may_v rescue_v his_o people_n in_o the_o retreat_n and_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o follow_v the_o chase_n or_o make_v any_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o inequality_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o sword_n draw_v to_o make_v way_n to_o death_n there_o be_v not_o seven_o hundred_o man_n lose_v of_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o yet_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o great_a loss_n that_o ever_o he_o receive_v in_o those_o war_n in_o his_o own_o presence_n when_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o conflict_n give_v the_o enemy_n the_o better_a of_o the_o day_n chap._n xxiiii_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o rashness_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o make_v light_a but_o successful_a skirmish_n upon_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n the_o next_o day_n call_v the_o army_n before_o he_o caesar_n rebuke_v the_o temerity_n and_o cupidity_n of_o the_o soldier_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v how_o far_o they_o be_v to_o go_v or_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v neither_o will_v they_o stay_v upon_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o retreat_n nor_o hearken_v to_o the_o tribune_n nor_o the_o legate_n that_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o back_o he_o lay_v open_a unto_o they_o how_o available_a the_o inequality_n of_o the_o place_n be_v and_o what_o he_o himself_o think_v of_o it_o when_o at_o avaricum_n he_o take_v the_o enemy_n without_o a_o general_n and_o without_o cavalry_n yet_o do_v forgo_v a_o most_o assure_a victory_n lest_o in_o the_o buckle_v he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o small_a loss_n through_o the_o inequitie_n of_o the_o place_n how_o admirable_a be_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o spirit_n who_o neither_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n nor_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n can_v stop_v or_o hinder_v wherein_o he_o blame_v their_o licentious_a arrogancy_n the_o more_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v better_o of_o the_o victory_n and_o the_o success_n of_o that_o service_n than_o the_o general_n himself_o neither_o do_v he_o so_o much_o desire_v to_o find_v courage_n and_o virtue_n in_o his_o soldier_n as_o modesty_n and_o sobriety_n this_o speech_n be_v deliver_v and_o in_o the_o end_n confirm_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discourage_v at_o the_o matter_n nor_o attribute_n that_o to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n keep_v his_o former_a purpose_n of_o departure_n he_o bring_v the_o legion_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n imbattel_v they_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n and_o find_v that_o vercingetorix_n will_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o indifferent_a place_n after_o a_o light_a skirmish_n of_o horse_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v the_o better_a he_o carry_v his_o army_n back_o again_o into_o the_o camp_n and_o do_v the_o like_a the_o next_o day_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o to_o strengthen_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o make_v after_o he_o observation_n