return a flux of blood seized him in the City of Soria in Seleâ—…cia whereof he dyed his body was brought to Rome and his bones inclosed in a Pile placed on the top of the Columne In this Foro di Trajano stand the Churches of Saint Silvester S. Biasio Sant Martino placed there by S. Marco the first Pope Boniface the 8th erected there 3 Towers called now Le Militie chiefly that in the midst where Trajan used to quarter his Souldiers Above it lies the the Vineyard of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandino meriting a view wherein besides the Fountains and Sources of waters which form many streams you may see some old noble Marbles among others Harpocrate a Child wrought by an exquisite hand and an old painted picture found some yeers since retaining the beauty of its colours a wonder to believe since it is so antient and so long lay hid in a grotto near S. Maria Maggiore IL MONTE ESQUILINO AT the Foro di Nerva begins the Suburb which extended to the Tiburtina dividing the Esquilie the Vale between the Esquilie and the Viminale they name Vico Patricio because many Patritii that is to say Nobles dwelt in that part L'Esquilie was so called because in the time of Romulus the Sentinels were placed there this hill is severed from the Celio by the Via Lavicana from the Viminale by the Vico Patritio The Via Tiburtina as abovesaid crosseth it in the midst which way ascends from the Suburb to the Porta Nevia but before it comes to the trophees of Marius t is cut in two the right hand way leads towards San Giovanni Laterano conjoyning with the Lavicana the left goes to the Porta di San Lorenzo by the name of Prenestina In the Via Tiburtina is the Arch of Galienus the Emperor called San Vito from the neighbouring Temple Here was the Macello Lanieno the Market for all eating things The Temple of Isis now of Santa Maria Maggiore consists of exquisite structure adorned with gold and rare Marbles and sustained by Ionick Pillars Here Santo Hieronimo lies enterred and here they shew an Image of the Virgin painted as is credited by St. Luke the Evangelist Near it stands the Church of S. Lucia and that of S. Pudentiana here of old stood a wood sacred to Juno reverenced with great but blind zeal In the Church of S. Prassede are many inscriptions and the Pillar to which our Lord being bound was whipped this they say was brought from Jerusalem In San Pietro in Vincula are many admi rable things among others the Tombes of Julius the second whereon Moses is engraven by Buonorota a work excelling most of the Antient of Cardinal Sadoleto and Cardinal di Tucino Thence you go to the Church de quaranta Martiri from whence by the Via Labicano to S. Clement the Esquilie extended it self and was there called Carine Near Saint Pietro in Vincula are some subterranean edifices the remains of Vespasians Baths called the Sette Sale being designed for keeping the waters requisite to the Baths in them was found that sta tue of Laocoon now translated to the Vatican which gives such admiration to all aspicients The Church of S. Maria nâ—… Monti was built by Pope Symachus in the decayes of Adrians Baths the place being thence denominated at this day Adrianello At the Church d'Santi Ginliano and Eusebio elates it self a huge Fabrick of brick work wherein were the receptacles of the Aqua Martia on the upper part whereof are figured the Trophees of Marius that is a heap of spoils and Arms bound to the body of a Tree placed there in honour of Marius for his expedition against the Cimbrians which things being afterwards torn down by Sylla in the civil war were restored again by C Caesar to their former lustre and yet remain in the Campidoglio Behind the Trophees in that Vineyard appear great ruines of the Emperor Gordianus his Baths near which the said Emperor raised a stupendious Palace which had two hundred Pillars in a double Rank But hereof no more but high walls appear All its Ornaments and Pillars being thence translated for beautifying other Palaces From these Baths the way on the right hand called Labicana goes to Porta Maggiore or Santâ—… Croce antiently Nevia Between this Gate and that of San Lorenzo near the walls rise vast ruines of the Temple dedicated to the name of â—…aius and Lucius the Nephews of Augustus and built by him one arched roof yet may be seen called Gallucio as of Caio and Lâ—…cio Near it was the Palace of Licino where now S. Sabina stands there placed by Pope Simplex contiguous with which Pallace was the place called Orso Pileato from a Bears figure there By the gate Esquiliâ—…a San Lorenzo or Tibuntina by all which names t is frequently called stands the Church San Lorenzo built by Constantine the great in honour of that Martyr replenished with antiquities but especially the instruments used in the sacrifices are carved on inembossed work by this Gate also enters the Aqueduct by which the Aqua Martia is conveighed into the City first raised by Q. Martius afterwards consumed by Age restored by M. Agrippa This water was brought from 35. miles off the City and ran into Dioclesians Baths and the adjacent places t was very healthfull and therefore chiefly accomodated for the drink of the People On the other side of this Gate entered the Acque Tepola Julia the one was conveighed six miles the other eleaven from without the City To these joyned the Aniene which ran from Tivoli 20. miles distance Over the Aniene stands the Ponte Mammea so named from Mammea the Mother of Alexander Severus the Emperor by whom t was repaired from this Gate the Via Prenestina reached to Praenestâ—… and the Labicana to Labi That part of the Esquilie near San Lorenzo in Fonâ—… was named Virbo Clivio which was the Grove Fugatale where Servius Tullius dwelt and there lies the Vico Ciprio called also Scelerato for that Tullius was there slain by his Son in Law over whose dead body his own Daughter commanded her Coachman to drive her Chariot This Vico or Town extended to Busta Gallica where the Galli Senoni or the French were slain burnt and buried by Camillus now this place s denominated Porto Gallo where the Church Saint Andrea is built On the top of this Vico Scelerato Cossius had his Palace afterwards dedicated to the Goddess Tellura now to Saint Pantaleoâ—… near Santa Agna at the foot of the Viminale stood a Temple of Silvâ—… whose decays yet appear IL COLLE VIMINALE THe hill Viminale is next to the Esquilino and runs along by the Walls t was so named from a famous Temple dedicated to Jupiter Viminale whence also the contiguous Gate took the name Viminale and Nomentana from the way leading to Nomento which is now called S. Agnese from the Church of that name near it which was formerly dedicated to Bacchus therein is an old porphyr Arch
which space comprehending thirty three Pillars assâ—…rds in length three hundred foot which Collumns have no Bâ—…ses but excellent HEADS The two Frontispieces thereof appear Pargetted with White and Red Marble in the midst whereof are little Ascents or Hills whereon are set thirty seven Collumnes made in the Form of Pyramids with seventy two Arches The Facade or Frontispiece backwards was lately beautified with Istrian Stone and is contignous towards the North with the Church of Saint Marco The Roofs of this Pallace were heretofore covered with Lead but the fiâ—…e that happened in the year 1574. caused it to be covered instead of lead with Slâ—…t of a certain Mettle Every Front hath one Gate The principal which is conjoyned with the Church of a Piramide Figure looks towards the Piazza or broad Place just before which stands the winged Lion and the Duke Foscaro Carved in White Marble Next within on the right hand is found a spatious Court wherein are two Wells of sweet Water whose mouthes are made with Brass garnished with Spouts and other Curiosities At the end of this Court is the Gate which answers to the Sea Then having ascended the close Stairs called Foscara on the left hand you may go round the Pallace upon the Tarrace The two Fronts backwards the one whereof loâ—…ks towards the Sea the other towards tâ—…e Piazza parallell them that are forwards except that they have neither Arches nor Collumnes below The Front towards the East on the even ground hath thirty six Arches and as many Pillars of Istrian Stone over the which there is an open Gallery of fifty four Arches and fifty five Colâ—…umnes On the Top is drawn a Wall of Istrian Stone adorned with beautiful Cornishes Just against the Principall Gate stands the large Stayer-case of the Pallace towards the North which leads directly to the Lodging of the Prince at the foot of this Stayer-case stâ—…nds two Colossuses the one of Marse the other of Neptune Upon the â—…op thereof likewise just opposite to them stands two most excellent Statues the one of Adam the other of Fve The Front below towards the Canale or Channel hath two Stayer-cases by the which they ascend to that most Royal Corridor or open Gallery wherein stand many Tribunals or Courts of Justice Opposite to the Chief Stayer-case is a Memorial of Henry the third King of 〈◊〉 engraven in Marble with Letters of Gold From the South East they ascend that most splendid Stayer-case which upon the left hand leads to the Chamber of the Prince and on the right hand to the Colledge Where the Eye is wholly taken up with beholding the most sumptuous Vaulted or Arched Roof or Seeling Richly garnished with Gold This College stands towards the East over the Chamber of the Prince whose vaulted Roof as at Venice they call it is partly guilt partly Carved with great Artifice partly Painted and wrought with Histories even to Admiration At the upper end of this Hall is exalted the Imperial Throne of the Duke and the Images of Venice figured by a Queen who disposeth the Crown upon his Head Here the Duke with the Senatours transact the affairs of State and give Audience to Embassadours as well such as have recourse to them from their own Territories and Cities as of Foreign Princes Out of which leads a door into another great Hall wherein are figured all the Provinces which the Venetians possess upon the firm Land where also are erected eleven most excellent Statues of Emperours Issuing forth of these Places and walking towards the Sea you meet the dreadful Tribunals of the Counsel of Tenne where every Place gloriously shines with Gold and costliness A little more forwards is the spacious Hall or Senate House of the Great Counsel where they dispose the publique Offices and Ballott the Magistrates which Counsel orders it self in this manner First the Duke royally clad sits on a Throne raised a good higth from the Ground On his Right Hand he hath three Counsellors near him accompanyed by one of the Chief of the Magistrates of forty for Criminal Offences Just opposite to the Prince at the other End of the Great Hall sits one of the Chief of the Illustrious Counsel of the Tenne A little from whence seats himself one of the Advocates of Comminalty In the Angles or Corners of the Great Hall stands the Old and New Auditors In the middle are the Censors The rest of the Nobles of Venice sit promiscuously in other Seats less raised from the plain ground of the great Hall Into which Counsel cannot be admitted any that is not Noble and who is not above the age of twenty five years Afterwards the Grand Chancellour having first recommended to every One their duty to elect a Person fit for that Magistracy names the first Competitor Then certain litle Lads go up and down the Hall with double Boxes the one wherof is white the other green The White forwards the Green more inward gathering the Balls which Balls are small and made of Cloth that by the sound of the fall into the Box may not be judged into which 't is cast and before he casts in the suffrage giver must shew that he hath but one Ball and also tell the name of that Gentleman who stands for those that perhaps have not well heard who 't was do it many times over again He that would exclude the Stander casts the Balls into the Green Box and he that would have him chosen casts them into the White Box which are made in such a Form that none can discern into which of the Boxes they put their Balls The Procurators of Saint Mark never enter into this Great Counsel Except at the Election of the Duke but stand under the Lodge with the Master Officers of the Arsenal while that great Counsel is gathered together for its Guard dividing among themselves those dayes whereon they ought to have this Charge But of these things for further satisfaction we referr the Reader to such who treat of them at large herein intending only to glance briefly at the most remarkable things This great Hall is seventy three foot broad one hundred fifty foot long and was begun in the year One thousand three hundred nine On its walls were drawn by the most excellent Painters of that Age the victories of this Commonwealth Its Princes with many other famous Men of Italy which being spoyled by the smoak of that Fire which happened in the year 1577. in liew thereof was Painted the History of Alexander the third chief Bishop of Rome and Frederick the Emperour with the subjection of Constantinople to the Venetian Republique The Floors are wonderful neat Towards the East is seated the Throne of the Prince over which is a Paradise Painted by the hand of Tintoretto which was formerly Painted by Guariento and fils up all that Front In the Front over against that within a square of Marble is an Image of the Holy Virgin holding in
her Arms her little Infant compassed about by four Angels The Windows of this Hall look some into the Court and others into the Sea Near hereunto is the Magazine of the Pallace which is never opened but to Foreign Princes wherein is provision of Arms for fifteen hundred Gentlemen more or less and 't is divided into four spatious Portals with the Doors thereof of Cipres Wood which give a most sweet savour On the other side of the Hall of the Great Counsel is beheld the Hall of the Inquisitors with many and divers Pictures amongst which is a Judgement drawn by the hand of Tintoretto Thence descending by the Foscaran Stayers you enter the Dukes Chappel being the Cathedral Church of S. Mark which is built with the fairest and finest Marble with great skill and no less expence whose Pavement is composed all of little pieces of Porphiry and Serpentine and other pretious Stones after the Mosaick manner with divers Figures Among others there are some Figures Effigiated by Commission of Gionachino Abbat of Santo Fiore as is the common Fame by which is presaged and demonstrated the great ruine which will fall upon the People of Italy with other strange misfortunes Where you beheld two Cocks very boldly to carry away a Fox wich signifies as some will have it that two French Kings should carry away and force Lodovico Sforza out of the Seigniory of Milan And also some Lyons Large and Fat appear as put in the Water and some others set upon the shore very lean Upon the Walls of the finest Marble on the left hand are two Tables of white Marble somewhat weaved with black which at their joyning represent a Man so perfectly figured that 't is very wonderful to consider it Whereof Albertus Magnus in a work called Meteora as of a great rarity makes mention There are in this sumptuous Temple reckoned amongst the chief of Europe though not so much for its vastness as the design and pretious materials thirty six Collumnes of the finest Marble which are large two feet Diamiter The Roof of it is divided into five Cupoloes covered with Lead From the plain of this Place to the very Top of the Temple are the Fronts wrought up in Mosaicke work with Figures in a Field of Gold and certain little Heads of Pillars and Juttings out or Eeves of Marble upon which are set certain Images carved in Marble so perfectly that they seem alive There are also above this place on that part which lies over the great Gate whereof this Part hath five made of Brass four Horses very Antique of Brass guilt of an exact Proportion and extremely beautiful which the Romans caused to be cast to put them in the Triumfal Arch of Nero when he Triumphed over the Parthians and they being afterwards transported by Constantine to Constantinople from thence the Venetians being thereof become Lords transported them to Venice setting them upon the Temple of Saint Mark. In the Porch of the said Church is seen a red square Marble Stone upon which Alexander the third set his Foot upon the neck of Frederick the Emperour whereon for that reason are engraven these words Super Aspidem Basiliscum ambulabis After which mounting to the Top of the Quire by certain Steps of the finest Stones you come to the place where the Singers stand on the Chief Feast dayes There upon the great Alter is the rich and fair Pixe framed of Gold and Silver bedecked with many pretious Stones and Perl of an infinite price which all persons admire that behold it This Altar is covered over by one Arch disposed into the form of a Cross adorned with Marble which the Antients called Tiberiano supported with four Pillars of excellent Marble wherein are carved the History of the Old and New Testaments Behind this Altar arise four Pillars of the purest Alablaster five foot in length transparent as Glass placed there for Ornament of the Sacred and Holy Body of Jesus Christ consecrated or the Eucharist In this Church are preserved with great devotion many Reliques and among others the Body of the Evangelist this Republiques Protector Saint Mark with his Gospel written by his own hand On the right hand of the Temple in the midst thereof is a large and high Gate wrought all of Mosaique work on the one side wherof stands the Effigies of Saint Dominick and on the other that of Saint Francisco which as 't is reported were made by order of the above named Gionachino many years before the said Saints came into the world Within this Gate is kept the most rich Treasure of Saint Mark so much spoken of wherein are twelve pretious Crowns with twelve Brest Plates all compassed about with fine Gold and garnished with many Stones of great value Among divers others with Rubies Emeralds Topasses Crisolits and other pretious Stones and Perls of numatchable bigness Two Unicorns Horns of a great length with a third somewhat less Many very large Carbuncles Vessels of Gold Scollops of Agat and Jasper Stones of a good bigness One Huge Ruby given this State by Domenico Grimani a most worthy Cardinal An Emerald hower-glass heretofore presented to this most illustrious Seigniory by Uscassano King of Persia with many other pretious things Vessels and Censores of Gold and Silver There also lies the Mitre or Bonnet as we call it with which every new Duke is Crowned The which is traversed all over with the finest Gold and pollish't in whose wreathes are many most pretious stones and at the very Top a Carbuncle of inestimable valew I might also speak of the Candle-sticks and Challices with other things of such imminent valew as may create wonder in the beholders but would take up too much time and room to describe them in this Abreviation Just opposite to this Temple and distant from it about Eighty Paces stands the high Steeple which is 40. Foot square on all sides and Two Hundred and Thirty high with an Angel set upon the Top which like a Weather-cock turning with the Wind to all corners where it blowes ever hath the Face towards it All the said Top or upper part thereof is richly guilt which presents it to the Eye of such as addresse to Venice by reason of the reflection of the hot Sun thereon Lucidely shining at a great distance In the foundation of this Steeple was more expended as Sabellico declares than in all the other structure They ascend to the uppermost part of this Steeple by certain little winding steps within where a most excellent Prospect discovers it self as first the City of Venice divided into six Precincts consisting of many little Islands whose Bankes are conjoyned with Bridges the Streets the open Places the Churches the Monasteries and other sumptuous structures Moreover the small Islands seated round about the City to the number of sixty with their Monasteries Churches Pallaces and most beautiful Gardens Upon some of which Islands are erected many Collumnes by the Aquleiesi the
holy conversation whom Cardinal Federick his Nephew succeeded a worthy imitator of his Uncle Before a Palace near the Porta Lodivica is an Altar of Marble Stones where on one side is earveâ—… Diana Luci fera as Cicero calls her with a burning Torch as Lucillus writes in his Satyrs Et Regyna videbis Maenia tum Liparas facelinae templa Dianae For this Godess was in this manner adored in the Island Lipari and at its Feet is a Blood-hound with the eyes towards the Goddess on the other fide is Apollo Medico leaning on a Tripode with a Bow in his right hand and a quiver of arrows hanging at his shoulder near his feet a Scepter and the Serpent Pitone who is therefore called by the Poets Pitio Citaredeo before the said Altar may be read this inscription AEsculapio Hygiae Sacrum C. Oppius G. L. Leonas VI. Vir. Aug. Honoratus In Tribu GL Patrum liberum Clientium Adcensus Patroni Sanctissimis Communicipibus suis. DD. Quorum Dedicatione Singulis Decurionibus * III. Augustalibus * II. Et Colonis Cenam Dedit L. D. D. D. There are in Milan II. Collegiat Churches 71. Parochials 30. Convents of Fryers and 8 of Regulars 36. Monasteries of Nuns 32. Confraternities or Fryeries which with diverse others amount to 238. Churches with 120. Schools where Boys are instructed in Christian Doctrine and other Learning It hath therefore worthily attributed to it the name of Milan the great and the estimation of one of the four great Cities of Italy that is Roma Venetia Milano Napoli and Autonio Callo reckons it one of the ten greatest of Europe it well may be accounted and taken for the greatest of any Metropolis in a Dutchy Going forth of the Gate Camasina towards the North and the Mountains at 25. miles distance one arivies at Como which reaâ—… affords nothing worthy observation but the Town Bersalina where Saint Peetro the Martyr was slain by the Hereticks and in that place where he wrote the 12. Articles of Faith with his blood there is a Grott where they continually digg Earth and yet it appears no hollow Over that place they pretend likewise to see a great splendour which God sheweth for the glory of that holy Body there inhumanly slain COMO COmo is a City famous for the genteelness of her Citizens and flourishing Muse of Paolo Giovo is seated in a Plain environed with Mountains and near the Lake Lario or Como within which and opposite to Como is a small Town built as it t were in a Peninsula and at the lower end thereof stands a Palace where the abovenamed Paolo had embellished a Library with a noble collection of Books and the pourtrays of the most illustrious persons as is expressed in his books called gli Elogii but at present there remains nothing of it more than certain pictures upon the Walls The Images Books Robes of Prete Janni King of AEthiopia the Bowes and other Arms of the Antipodes with many other curiosities not else where to be found and of good valew are removed thence to the Palace of the Giovii within Como in the Dome or Cathedral Church on the left hand is erected the sumptuons Tombe of Benedetto Giovo the famous writer in the City likewise may be read many epitaphs and writings testifying their antiquity and constant fidelity to the Rouâ—…an Common-Wealth The Lake Como is 36. miles long and somewhat more than three miles broad upon which when calm the Citizens in their boats recreate themselves near the end stands the Fountain of Pliny and Belacio a Palace of the Signori Spondati invironed with spatious Gardens which are adorned with fair Arbours and the Walls clothed with Gessamines Roses Rosemary and other sweets together with some Woods of Juneper Trees which harbour all sorts of Birds Ten Miles distant from Milan and between it and Como stands the stately Castle Monza which is washed by the River Lambro It was amplified by Thedorick first King of the Goths and Teodolinae the Queen there erected a magnificent Temple dedicated to Saint John the Baptist endowing it with great riches among others with a Saphyr of inestimable price a Brood Hen and Chickens of Gold and many other vessels of Gold therein also are preserved many reliques in Vessels given to it by San Gregory Then appears Somasca upon the Mountains a Town often named for the Original of the Religious order of the regular Priests of Somasca a little more forward you see near the Banks of the Lake Como the impregnable Castle Leaco whence you passe by water to Como and then advancing a little farther the Traveller cometh to the Country of the Grizons through which runs the River Adda On the left hand of Monza rise the Mountains of Bianza which afford most excellent Wines and three miles distant from Monza on the right hand lies a well-manured Campagna wherein Francesco Secundo Sforza defeated the French Army commanded by Lotrecco where after the death of many thousand Souldiers on both sides he obtained a glorious victory On this fide also before the arrival at the River Varo the boundary of Italy appears the small River Martesana an Arm of the Adda which runs under the Gorgongiola over which stands a Bridge whence they descend to Milan and thus we have described the places on the Eastern Part. Issuing out of the Gate of Milan Vercella towards the West you meet the compleat Town Ro near by which passeth an Arm of the Tesino to Milan on the other side of which Rivolet is Ensalaro with many other Castles whence taking the right-hand way you arrive at the Lago Maggiore at the very source of the River Tesino which goes to Pavia near which stands Angiera whence the Signori d' Angiera now Viscounts take their rise Then at 17. miles distance from Milan upon a Mountain being as t were one of the Boundaries to the Lake appears the devout Temple of Santa Maria del Monte whither resort great concourse of People to obtain their requests from God at the intercession of the blessed Virgin Mary Then passing the Tessino you find Viglebia a new small City but fair where stands the magnificent Palace called the Ssorzesca so named from Lodovico Sforza Duke of Milan who built and gave it to the Religious Order of the Dominican Fryers who to this day possess it From whence on the right hand way lies Novarra and the Country Lemellina and on the left hand the Castle Mortarra heretofore called the fayr Wood but afterwards from the great slaughter of the Longobards there made by Charles the great sighting with Desiderius their King it was named Mortara On the same side also is the Castle Valese and the Town Vatalle under the Mountains where in burnt Earth is effigiated the Sepulchre of our Saviour with all the mysteries of his passion in divers little Chapels to which much Application is made with great
holy conversation of whom nine are Canonized and two held for Saints Moreover from this excellent Country have Issued 6. Martyrs 13. Confessors 14. Men Saints and 7. Women It hath 179. Churches that is 33. for the Company of Laicks 3. Abbacies 2. Prepositors 2. for the Regular Priests 24. for the Fryers 23. Monasteries for Nuns 10. Hospitals 5. Priorates 2. Collegiate Churches and the Doâ—…o which is consecrate to Saint Peter and giveth the title of Prince to its Bishop with a great Revenew with many other Churches which are either Parochials or Oratories The Univerfity was placed in Bologna by Theodosins the Emperor in the yeer of our Lord 425. and much amplified afterwards by Charles the great and Lotario the Emperor the first Reader of the Civil Laws here was Irnerio induced thither by the said Lotario since when many wise and well-read men in all sciences have proceeded hence in the time of Giovan Andrea the Splendour of the Canon Law and Aâ—…one the Fountain of the civil Law we read there were ten thousand Students in this City Azone saies Legalium studiorum semper 〈◊〉 chiaâ—… tenâ—…it Bononia hence t is that Gregory the 9th directed his decretals to the Univerfity of Bolonia and Boniface the 8th Sisto and 〈◊〉 the 24th the Book of the Clementines The Fabrick of the University is very proud with a large Hall and spatious Courts In the City are many Colleges for several Nations and to speak its praises in one word t is a most happy University and merits that Character which all men give it viz. Bononia docet Bononia mater Studiorum The City contains 80000. Souls among them many noble Families with many titled as Dukes Marqueses Counts Captains of War besides infinite Scholars Its Riches are great and equally divided among the Citizens whence t is that they alwaies preserved a good reputation It fought with Federick Barbarossa and took his Son Enzo Prisoner maintaining him splendidly for 22. yeers It subjugated more than once Forli Imola Faenza Cesena Cervia and other places It gloriously maintained a War against the Venetians for 3. yeers together with an Army of forty thousand men and had some Families very potent as may appear by that of the Lambertazzi who being banished with all its followers out of Bologna in the yeer 1274. they say that what with Men Women and Servants they who by that decree went out amounted to the number of fifteen thousand persons The Burroughs and Suburbs of BOLONIA FOrth of Bolonia towards the West at the Foot of the Mountains is the Church of San Giofesso and the Monastery of the Certonisi Upon the top of the Mountain Guardia is reverenced an Image of the blessed Virgin drawn by the hand of S. Luke Out of the Gate towards the Emilian Way there is a noble Monastery of the Crutched Fryers and towards the South the Church Misericordia where reside the reverend Fryers of Saint Augustine Out of the Gate San Mammolo is a Monastery of the Jesuites and upon the hill is the miraculous Madonna del Monte a Church of the Benedictine Fryars where are the natural essigies of Bassarione and Nicholo Perotto Towards the East is the Church of San Vittore placed among the Hills where Bartolo the most learned Doctor resided 3. yeers as it were unknown near which are stately Palaces Without the City also stands San Michelle in bosco upon a hill with a rich and proud Monastery The Church is garnished with fair Colums Statues and Sculptures of Marble and sumptuous Altars with rare pictures the Quire with excellent Land skips there is a stately Library refectory with excellent Pictures drawn by Vasari among them the essigies of Clement the 7th in the Cloyster lies buried Antonio di Butrio a Doctor of Laws and Ramazzotto a valourous Captain in the Wars Its apportments are excellent Architecture and its gardens most delitious from which Monastery besides the City and Territory of Bolonia you have a full prospect of the pleasant Country of Lumbardy so much commended by Polibius in the second book of his histories as also of those Snowy hills the Alps which appear like Clouds the Adriatic Sea and the mouth of the Poe which runs into the Sea by many branches and likewise of Mantoua Ferrara Imola Mirandola and other surrounding places which seem as so many fair Roses and flowers dispersed over those Fields The Teritory of BOLOGNA TRavailing out of Bologna South-West you meet with the most antient Monastery or Priorate of Santa Maria del Reno whence have proceeded â—… Popes with many Cardinals Bishops Saints and other Religious Then turning on the left hand towards the Apenines and keeping the River Reno on the right you arrive at the Bridge Casaleâ—…chio a little farther you see the Chiesa which is a Wall traversing the Reno from sidè to side to force the Water down a Chanel cut artificially to Bologna for the driving certain Engines and Mils for grindidg Corn for making Vessels of Copper and Arms for War for beating of Spices and Galnuts for twisting of Silks for burnishing of Arms and for edging of divers Instruments â—…orm king of Paper sawing of Planks and divers other Mysteries and in the end to convey the Barks to Malelbergo and thence on the Poe to Ferrara Then you enter the Vale Reno between the River and the Hills which is most productive of all Grains and Fruits in which Valley stands the magnificent Palace of the Rossi a Palace for its capaciousness and delights fit to lodge an Emperor on the Hill near it is the Town Colossina which before you can aâ—…cend you must pass under a Rock by a way cut thorow with Iron on the left hand beholding a prodigious hollow through which the â—…eni passeth Then you â—…ind Panico a Town a long time possessed by the Family oâ—… Panico which at this day is wholly extinct More forward one discovers a fair Plain called Misano and in it certain foot-steps of Edifices and other Antiquities pursuing which way you arrive at the Town Vergata the seat of the Captain who hath Jurisdiction over the Inhabitants of the adjacent Villages and is diâ—…ant 15. miles from Bolonia Whenâ—…e travailing on the right hand shew themselves Cesio Barghi and Casâ—…lighone Castles of the Signori Pepoli near whereto are the confines of the Florentine Territories but on the right hâ—…nd along the Banks of the Reno are the Baths of Porretta where from Rocks gush out hot Waters very medicinal whose virtue is manifested to all by the Proverb which saies Chi beve l'acqua della Borrâ—…tta â—… che lo â—…pazza ò che lo netta thence taking the right-handway you enter the Graffignana treated of diffusely before Taking the Way through the Gate Galliera towards Ferrara you meet Corâ—…icella then pussing the Bridge over the Reno you see San Georgio a Castle ten miles off Bologna where leaving the Castles Cento and Pieve on
Romans for the tryal of Chastity with a wide mouth and great lips A daughter of Volateranus Regulus to prove her Virginity unpolluted being accused for that crime put her hand in its mouth and withdrew it without hurt another Damosel making the same tryal being unchast had her right hand bit off by the Statue Santa Maria del animam Parione a stately Church wherein the Germans and Flemings reside and assist the necessitous Pilgrimes of those Nations In it is an Image of the Virgine Mary with these Verses Partus integritas discordes tempore longo Virginis in gremio Foedera paâ—…is habent On the left hand of the great Altar stands a Sepulchre of Adrian the 4th made by Cardinal Eutcefora who was the only person that could say he had created another Pope in his own life time On the right the costly Tombe of Carlo Prince of Cleves who dyed in the yeer of Iubilee 1575 the 13th of February with the universal sorrow of all good men but chiefly of Gregorie the 13th Stephano Pighio wrote his life with that learned Book entitled Ercole Prodicio with the Epitaphs of Francesco Foresto Giovanni Roseto and other noble and excellent men Santa Maria in Araceli on the Capitolino formerly a Temple of Iupiter Ferenius now a Convent of the Zoccolanti or Franciscans In it are many antient Epitaphs and an Altar supported by four lovely Pillars T is the Church for the Senate and People of Rome embellished with the ornaments of the Temple of Quirinus and is ascended unto by one hundred twenty four steps Santa Maria Aventina on the hill Aventino formerly the Temple of the Dea bona or good Goddess Here may be read the lamentation of a woman slain by her Husband Santa Maria de Cacabary in Pigna Santa Maria in campo santo in the Vally Vaticano wherein some Epitaphs are legible Santa Maria nel Campidoglio antiently the Temple of Iupiter Capitolinus Nella Capellâ—… beyond the Tevere or Tyber In Candelorio in the street Saint Angelo della concettione the Conception in Monte Celio Nel Velabro formerly a Temple of Hercules In Dominica on Mount Celio where were the Aqueducts of Caracalla Nel Esquilino in circo Flaminio in times past the Temple of Isis In corte under the Campidoglio Liberatione dell'inferno sometime a Temple of Iupiter Stator in foro Romano Di Loreto Delle Febre in old time the Temple of Mars Della Consolatione and Della Gratie where formerly stood the Temple of Vesta between the Capitolinum and Palatinum there the Vestal Virgins guarded the sacred Fire and the Palladium which was a woodden Image of Pillars with rouling Eyes brought by AEneas from Troy when fired into Italy with his other houshold Gods and was by him snatched out of the fired Temple Santa Maria sopra Minerva so called for that this was a Temple of Minerva at present the Fathers Dominicans possess it and a Colledge for Theology founded by the Bishop of Cutcha In it are the Tombes and Epitaphs of Leo the 10th and Paul the 4th with many others among which the Chief are of Pietro Bembo of Giovanni Morone who was thirteen several times Legatus a Latere for the Pope and President of the Councel of Trent and of Giovanni Torrecremata who be queathed a large Revenue for mariage Portions for Virgins which are solemnized yeerly in the Popes presence on the Festival of the Anunciation In it also are the ashes of Egidio Foscari Bishop of Modena who in the Councel of Trent was styled the Greater Light Of Sylvester Aldobrandino Father of Clement the 8th of Giovanni Annio the Historian and of many other eminent Fathers As also the body of Santa Catarina of Siena and the Epitaph of Guglielmo Durando Bishop of Numata who composed a Book entitled Rationale Divinorum Officiorum with other volumes of the Law In the said Temple was erected the first Fryery of the sancto sacramento by Thomaso Stella a Preacher and Michael Angelo Buonarota was the inventor of the Tabernacle for keeping the consecrated Eucharist Before the Door of the Church stand the Tombes of Tomaso di Vio and Giovanni Badia Cardinals and of Paulo Manutio the Elegant who for all his Fame ran the same Fate with Pompey the Great who living filled the world with his glory and dead no Epitaph nor memorial remains of him but we find there this Epitaph of Raphael Stantio a Painter of Urbin though much less renowned than the preceding Hic situs est Râ—…phael timuit quâ—… sospite uinci Rerum magâ—… parenâ—… mâ—…riente mori Patria Roma fuit Gens Portia nomen 〈◊〉 Mars puerum instiâ—…it Mors Iâ—…venem rapuit Santa Maria de'Miracoli in Monte Gordiano Di 〈◊〉 in the street St. Eâ—…stachio Di Mont ferrato the Church of the Cataloâ—…ians in Moâ—…ticelli in the Herenula Della Navicella in Monte Celio Nova in the Foro Romano formerly a Temple of the Sun and Moon now enjoyed by the Monks of Mount Olivet Annonciata the Colledge of the Jesuists Della Pace the dwelling of the Canon Regulars therein stand a Tomb of Marco Musuro a Learned Candiot with this Epitaph Mâ—…sure ò mansure parum properata tâ—…listi Praemia namque cito tradita rapta citâ—… Antonius Amiternus Marco Musuro Cretensi erectae diligentiae Gramatico rarae felicitatis poetae posuit Here are the Tombs of Capa ferro and Mignanello Cardinals and this Epitaph of Iulius Saturnus Patris eram quondam spes solaâ—…en Iulus Nunc Desideriâ—…m moriâ—…us lâ—…rimae Santa Maria delle Paline in the Viae Appia formerly a Temple of Saturn and Opes where they shew a saphyr brought from Heaven by the Angels wherein the Virgines Image was cut as they say by the life in Heaven Santa Maria del Pâ—…polo near the Porâ—…a Flaminia before which Pope Sixtus the 5th erected an Obelisk T is a Convent of the Austine Fryers the Popes give license for the People to pay their devotions here while violent heâ—…ts continue instead of Saint Sebastian which stands a good distance without the Walls In it are many fair Chapels and Tombs of many Cardinals particularly of Hermolâ—…o Barbaro Patriark of Aquileia with this Epitaph Barbariem Hermolaos Latio qui depulis omnem Barbarâ—…s hic situâ—… est vtr aque lingua gemit Urbs Veâ—…etum vitam mâ—…rtem dedit inclyta Roma Non potuit â—…asci clarius atque mori On the ground this sad complaint of one that dyed upon an inconsiderable hurt may be read Hospes disce novum mortis genus improba felis Duâ—… trahitur digitum mordet intereo Santa Maria di Portogallo at the end of the Suburbs In Pustâ—…la In publicolis near the Palace of the Signoro Santa Croce Al Presepe Santa Maria Rotonda so called from its orbicular form A Temple formerly dedicated to all the Gods and to their Mother and built in a round figure to the end the Gods might not fall out for precedency of
the right hand appears a fountain with 22 Circles about it of Marble stone on which stand the statues of A faunus Iupiter Hammon Pompey the Great Demosthenes Spensippus the Philosopher who was thought to be the Son of a Sister of Plato In prospective from the Gate may be seen Rome triumphing for the overcoming of Dacia sitting on a Throne with a Murrion on her head and a Branch of Laurel in her hand with Dacia placed near it in a mourning posture and Habit round it are Trophees as Arms of the Barbarous two conquered Kings in Numidian Marble bigger than ordinary men two statues of two of the Parcae and two Sphinxes of the same Marble Contiguous with it stands a round Fabrick called the Antiquario from the many Antiquities contained in it On the Front is fixed a Visage of Iupiter in porphyr stone and an effigies of Poppeia the wife of Otho the Emperour above which stand five statues That is of Pallas Cercs Victoria Copia and Diana Within are seen the Statue of Somnus or of Quies or as others will have it of AEsculapius with Poppy in his hands and an Image of a Sabine Lady In the gate on the left hand appears a Visage of Iove as bigg as a Gyants on the right another of Hercules and in the midst a third of Pallas And under that of Hercules a Satyre who blows a Shepheards pipe of seaven Reeds a neater piece of work then which is scarse to be seen which is attributed to Scopa Under that of Iove a head of Pyrrhus King of the Epirotes with a Leda and a Cupid The Satyr and the Leda are most compleat statues In it are the heads also of Portia Cato Iupiter Ganimed Diana Neptune with a most antient AEgyptian Image called the head of Astrate Mother of Osarides or as others will of Ope or Cibele the Mother of the Gods Near the gate stand two statues one on the left hand of Aries Fissus of most white Marble with these words on the Basis Secura Simplicitas The other on the right hand of Leone with these words upon the basis Innoxia Fortitudo Near which stands the Emperour Heliogabulus clothed at his full length with certain antique Ceremonies in the sacrifices engraven on the Basis Upon another Image of an Emperour triumphing drawn by four horses stands a Simia an Ape cut in AEthiopick Marble in the form the AEgyptians used to worship it In the Hall is a head of Bacchus of red stone with a Neptune over it drawn in a Chariot by four horses and two statues of the Goddess Pomona The study of the Cardinal hath its pavement wrought in figure with small stones and in it are many heads of illustrious Romans as of Scipio Africanus Marcus Cato M Antonius the triumvir Iulius Caesar Septimius Severus L Sy lla C Nero Iulia Mammea M. Antonius Caracalla Adrianus Macrinus Cleopatra Faustina and Sabina As also a Library furnished no less with Books of Antient than modern Authors In the withdrawing Chambers are Gems and pretious stones so well wrought that they best speak themselves therein also are Scipio Nasica Brutus Adrianus Imperator a sleeping Cupid and a Child with divers other vaine things so rare and curious and rich that did Rome afford no other Palace than this you will say when seen you could not better dispose your time and travel then to behold it And that it alone deserve the pains of a Journey thither The Popes Pallace ON the Top of the Vatican Hill stands that proud Pallace of the Popes which like a large City is capable of three Kings and all their followers here the Popes induced thereto from the beauty of the scite and temperature of the Ayr for the most part make their dwelling having deserted their former on the Laterano The first thing here to be viewed is the Chapel of Sixtus which for its grandeur and beauty may be paralleld to any other great and noble Church in it the Card iâ—…als assemble themselves for election of the Pope and call themselves the Conclave upon the high Altar whereof is that noble Picture representing the Universal Judgment painted by Michael Angelo a Piece so generally a pplauded that it 's held in valuable for its exellency and unimitable by all succeding Artists though divers and those the best attempt it dayly Near it is the Capella Paolina painted by the same hand whence the way lies into the Gardens called Belvedere The fair fight both for their infinite beauty and the prospect of the most part of Rome in it are many foreign rare plants Herein stands the statue of the Tyber foxes connexed with a wolf which gave suck to Remus and Romulus The Nyle upon a Sphinx with 17. Children denoting the increases of that River with its effects upon AEgypt with several monsters strong creatures proper only to that River which statue was heretofore found near Saint Ste phens Church and being thence conveighed into those gardens is there presented to publique view for that general approbation of excellency which is meritoriously given it On the walls of the said Belvedere are moreover 12 several deformed Creatures set up which are carved out of the politest Marble And in certain Corners and Nooks stands a shape of Antinoo cut in the whitest Marble of fingular Artifice and in this form by the command of Adrian the Emperour who deputed divine sacerdotal honours with Temples whose memory alsothat he might perpetuate he built a City in AEgypt calling it from his name Antinopoli On the right hand is the River Arno in the shape of a Man lying along diffusing water from his Tomb with Cleopatra on his left hand leaning on her right hand In the second Armory stands Venus Ericina prepared to come out of a Bath In the third is the same Venus playing with Cupid and this Inscription Veneri Foelici Sacrum Salustia Helpis D. D. Near it is a Bacchus armeless and that Trunk of Hercules pronounced by Michael Angelo to be the most compleat statue of Rome the name of Apollo as sculptor is in scribed on it as also two other Carasses the one of a Lady the other of Mercury and an Arch of Marble wherein is figured the Chase of Meleager found in the Vatican Vineyard appertaining to his Sanctity In the fourth Armory in the Cants stands a statue of the Emperor Commodus in the habit and shape of Hercules holding a Child on his Arm whose humour was to be so figured and called as historians report In the fifth Apollo Pitheo with a Serpent at his feet and a Carcase having a piece of Cloth upon one Arm a Bow and Arrows in his hand and all over naked In the sixth is Laocoon with his two Sons enveloped by two Dragons as Virgil writes the story all of one Marble stone This Piece was esteemed by Michael Angelo the Miracle of Sculpture and before his time by Pliny who saies that t was wrought by Agesanero Poliodoro and Athenodoro the
the Chancery built by the Travertini in a square form with the stones translated from the Amphitheater of Titus Vespasianus which was called Coliseum which Theatre the Popes would not permit to be wholly destroyed but left some part in its first Lustre that by it might appear the splendour of the whole as a testimony of the magnificence of the Roman Empire In it stands one great Image of Bacchus wrought by Michael Angelo Bonarota at his first arrival at Rome when he sought to depress the Fame of Raphael Sanctius of Urbin which he brought in feriour to his own reputation by his Art and policy Two other great statues one of Ceres and the other of Opes as is believed And on the upper part are fixed certain heads as of Antonius Pius Septimius Severus Titus Domitianus Augustus and Geta the Emperours of a Sabin Woman of Pyrrhus King of the Epirots of Cupid and a Sword Player Thence not far distant stands the Piazza del Duca wherein is the fairest Pallace in Rome built with excessive cost by Pope Paul the 3d a Farnezian It abounds with so many antiquities that to speak distinctly of them would fill up a volume we will therefore pass briefly over them as now they remain many things having been changed in later times For the Architecture t is enough to say Michael Angelo Bonarota had a chief part therein and for the Materials better could not be had then were employed in it which were brought from the Amphitheatre As to the statues Two of Hercules stand in the Court famous for their workmanship and antiquity the lesser whereof is most commended One of Jupiter Tonante with two immense sword players the one having the Scabbard of his sword hanging at his shoulder and with his right foot kicks the Target the murrion and the ground the other holds behind him a boy dead in his hand But that which surpasseth all statues is the Tauro Farnese a Bull with five persons bigger than the natural cut to wonder out of one stone by Apollonius and Tauriscus of Rhodes whence t was conveighed and placed in Antoninus his Bath where about one hundred years since t was dugg up as entire as if made but yesterday and now stands in this Pallace astonishing all that behold it In the ascent on the stayers you see one statue of the Tyber another of Oceanus and at the top of two barbarous prisoners in their old habits In the Rooms above who delights in Pictures and Sculpture will meet enough to occupy his whole fancy As the Pictures of Francesco Salviati and Tadeo Zucchero both which are much applauded drawn as if they were taking the fresh ayr And in a Gallery which is as noble as well painted by the Brothers Carazzi Bolonia painters of great Fame you will find many antient heads of signal persons as of Lysia Euripides Solon Socrates Diogenes Genone Possidonio and Seneca with the noble statues of Ganimede Antinoo of Bacchus some fair Vessels and the statues of Meleager which deserves a name by it self for its great price being esteemed worth five thousand Crowns then which no statue in Rome is more entire No People under the Sun give so great prices for statues as the Romans all which are so studious of those kind of Ornaments that in acquiring them they emulously strive which shall exceed in cost or curiosity In one Chamber they shew the Duke Alexander of glorious memory having under his feet the River Scalda or Scelda with Flanders kneeling before him and behind Victory crowning him all which statues are cut out of one Marble stone bigger than the Life There also are three doggs cast rarely in Brass The Bibliotheque of this Pallace the Meddals and carved Toyes are most famous things but the Pictures of Raphael and Titian are incomparable nor are the Limnings lesse admirable Opposite to the Farnesi live the heirs of Monsignior d'Acquigno in whose house are divers inscriptions an Adonis a Venus of four thousand Crowns price a Diana begirt with a Quiver of Arrowes a Bow in her hand like a huntress and a statue of Bon Evento holding a looking glasse in the right hand and in the left a Garland of Ears of Corn an absolute Piece wrought by Praxitelis Adjacent to the Campo di Fiore stands the Palace of the Cardinal Capo di Ferro much less than the Farnesian Pallace but in splendor and Architecture no whit inferiour In the Frontispiece is painted the spring time The President of the spring is Venus which was drawn to the similitude of the Body of Livia Columna a most beautiful Princess whatever is there represented is amorous The Complexion of the men is sanguine and all are marked with the Element of Ayr. So in the other fronts are expressed the complexions Choller Melancholy and Phlegme the Elements Fire Water and Earth the seasons Summer Autumne and Winter and the Praesiding Gods Mars Saturn and Janus which are most absolutely performed and were the work of Michael Angelo with whom this Cardinal contracted a most intimate Friendship and being no less liberal than Jngenious obtained of him what ever so rare an Artist could possibly invent among the rest a secret conclave wherein many things are exprest with the highest Art and perfection The house of the Orsini in the Campo di Fiore which was raised out of the ruines of the Pompeyan Theatre is embellisht with many good statues in the Courts The Temple of Saint Angelo in Pescaria was formerly of Juno Regina which being burnt was restored by Septimius Severus and Marcus Aurelius the Emperors as the old Title there to be read verifies near which are some of the Pillars taken from the Portico of Septimius Severus dedicated to Mercury At the Tower Citrangole stands the house of the heirs of Gentile Delfino which Gentleman had more meddals than any other Person in Rome and his Garden filled with inscriptions In them stands a Statue of Canopo placed in the form of a Water Pott before whose breast they have preposed a Tablet filled with Hierogliphick letters by which t is believed the secret Mysteries of the Sacrifices are delivered In Parione at the house of the Maximi may be seen a Colossus which vulgarly is thought to be the statue of Pyrrhus King of the Epirots armed bought a long time since by the Maximi of Angelo for two thousand Crowns as also a Marble head of Julius Caesar with many other things worthy consideration In the house of the Leni alla Ciambella are many noble statues lately brought thither from the Porta di S. Bastiano to wit an Adonis a Venus a Satyr and many excellent heads where in an old Pile was found an entire purple Garment with some rings and other notable things Near which stands the house of Cardinal Paravicino a Signor of noble Qualities who much delights in Pictures whereof and those good too he hath not a few Contiguous with which stands the house of the Vallei wherein
habet Hîc tu quo vivas lux septima det medicinam Absit odor faedus sitque labor levior Pelle famem frigus fructus femurque relinque Nec placeat gelido fonte levare sitim Romes evil air the stranger kills Brings to its Natives unwelcome ills who 'l live the seaventh day Physick must Nor noysome smells nor labour trust Hunger and Cold avoid Fruit and Venus fly Cold water drink not though nere so dry The Wines drunk in ROME They drink in Rome the best wines as hereafter followeth Vin greco di Somma the best white growes in the Terra di Lavoro in the Monte Vesuvio named di Somma from the Castle Somma which stands at the foot of it Chiarello a brisk white wine from Naples Latino a mean wine from Naples Asprino a white wine from Naples which is stiptick or as we may say astringent Mazzacani a small white Wine from Naples D'Ischia the best Greek wine this Island is under Naples Salerno white and red Sanseveren white and red both good Corso d'Elba a strong white Corso di Brada a gross white Corso di Loda a heady white From the River of Genoua white and red Gilese white and red small and wholsome Ponte Reali from Genoua white small and healthfull Moscatello di Sardia of a deep colour small and wholesome Vindellia Tata from the Genoueses smal and wholesome Lacrima the best red Romanesco small white of divers tastes Albano white and red De Paolo indifferent white Di Francia moderate red Salino mean white and red from Tivoli and Velletri From Segno moderate Magnaguerra the best red Castle Gandolfo the best white Della Riccia the best white but small made Respise wine Malvasia from Gandia Moscatello the best and most excelling wine of Italy Of the divers sorts and kindes of wine some Italian Physicians have also written to wit Giacòmo Prefetto Netino printed in Venice in anno 1559. Gio Battista Confalonieri of Verona printed in Basilea 1539. Andrea Baccio stampt in Rome in the yeer 1597. And now not recollecting any thing more to be spoken of to the purpose of this small tract concerning Rome we will make a conclusion with certain verses writin praise of her that we may observe the same method we began with in our discourse of Rome to wit her due comendations Verses composed by Faustus Sabeus a Brescian in praise of ROME ENCOMION MArtia progenies quae montibus excitat urbem Civibus ditat conjugibusque beat Tutaturque armis Patribus dat jura vocatis Jam repetit caelum Post data jura Jovi De nihilo imperium ut strueres te hac Romule causa Gignit alit servat Mars Lupa Tibris aqua Encomion Julii Caesaris Scaligeri Vos septemgemini caelestia Pignora montes Vosque trumphali maenia structa manu Testor adeste audite sacri commercia cautes Et Latios animos in mea vota date Vobis dicturus meritis illustribus urbes Has ego Primitias primaque sacra fero Qui te unam laudant omnes comprenderit orbem Non urbeâ—… qui te noverit ille canet The End of the Second Part. THE HISTORY OF ITALY CONTAINING The VOYAGES and JOURNEYS FROM ROME TO NAPLES The Third PART From NAPLES to POZZUOLO With the Return to TIVOLI TRavailing from Rome by the Via Latina to Marino you pass between great ruins of many famous Villages the which were no less rich then numerously disperst over the Tusculan Champaigne and the Apenine Hill during the flourishing age of the Roman Empire and hence t is that the old Town Mariana will derive her Original name from the Castle Marino On the right hand whereof lyes near the villa Luculliana of the Lieinij the Villa Murentana famous for the Tusculane questions of Mar cus Tullius Cicero His immortal testimony of Morality and Learning At this day t is called Frascati and is distant from Rome twelve miles in this circuit you may also behold the Ville or Manor Houses of the Portii and of many other the prime Persons of the Roman Republick whom we finde recorded by Strabo Pliny Seneca Plutarch and other writers Departing thence turn towards the Strada Appia leaving Veletri on the left hand where the Ancestors of Augustus were born and on the right hand Aricia now called Ricia and Lo Spechio or the looking glass of Diana Tremâ—…rense as Servius calls the Lake near that Castle which Lake is consecrated to Diana Taurica together with the wood famous for the fiction of Acteon and a Temple named Artimisio by Strabo Heretofore this was a famous place for the old but barbarous Religion instituted in that place by Orene and Iphegene to wit the custom of the Scythians the sacrificing with humane blood Here was that Temple whither the Fugitives brought from Tauri the Image of Diana hid in a pyle of wood whence in Italy they gave the Surname of Fascilede and Fascilina to Diana but of this superstition shall we with better conveniency treat in another place Pursue the Journey just to the Pontine Fens where at a little distance lye the Tres Tabernae or three Taverns the famous Hostery on the Via Appia mentioned in the 28th Chapter of the Acts which are distant from Arelia eleaven miles and from Rome thirty three as is clearly demonstrated by the antient Roman Itineraries and the very distance of the places they are indifferent entire being built as the other Fabricks of the Romans of great stones and bricks in squares Saint Luke writes in the Acts of the Apostles that certain Brothers yet Fresh men as we call them at Oxford in the Faith of Christ left Rome and came to meet Saint Paul as far as the Tres Tabernae at such time as he was transmitted as a criminal Person with a guard of Souldiers from Judea to Rome by Portius Festus the Procurator Thence leaving the Straâ—… or street Appia as it may be called from the former beauty testified by the ruines of Houses and Tombs c. on each side carried through the Pontine Fens with vast expence though now wholly obstructed and impassable through the waters of the Fens the ruine of structures and fall of Bridges you are necessitated to take a long journey by the Volsci the foot of the Apenines the craggy and sharp Rocks of Mountains to Terracina You shall see Setia on the left hand celebrated by the old Poets for the goodness of the wines and going more onward you leave behind you in the plain the walls of Priverno destroyed by the Germans and Brittons as Biondo testifies where in the circumspection remember that Caâ—…illa exercised the Empire of the Volsci Thence passing by Priverno Novello now Piperno scituate in the adjacent Mountain round which runs the River Anâ—…asceno you may behold before your eyes though at some distance the Coasts of the Mediterranian Sea and some Promontories which seem as it were disjoyned from the Terrafirma the firm Land of old full
amplitude antiquity is famous among authors being well fortifyed by its proper scite and nature against all stoâ—…my winds from its neighbouring mountains and the Countrey about it Giulio Capit placeth the Ports of Gaeta and Terracina among the other publique great and noble Acts of Antonio Pio Augusto as if formed by him Taking the Strada Appia between Mola and Suessa you will meet some grand structures of Sepulchres of the antients but laid wast and among other that which is shewed for the sepulchre of Marcus Tullius Cicero being supposed to be the same by Giovanni Pontano in whose time they say a piece of Ciceroes Epitaph was there found Yet Corona Pighio will not believe that Sepulchre can be so antient t is built orbicular covered at top by bricks which are supported by a pillar standing in the midst on the right hand of it lies the port whence certain stone steps conduct up to the Room above which are filled with thorns and bushes it takes name from the Dukes Palace standing opposite to it SUESSA THis City merits a most peculiar view being no less famous for its antiquity then the frequent recordation of antient writers in her as Dionysius Halicarnasseus writes in his 5th Book the Pemetini retired themselves when driven out of their Country Pometia destroyed by Tarquinius Priscus King of the Romans whence it began to be called Suessa and now Sessa it was also named Suessa by the Aurunci as Livy testifies who being overcome by Titus Manlius the Consul aiding their adversaries the Sidicini recovered this place with their wives and Children This City is scituate in the Campagna Vestina near the Monte Massico on the Strada Appia in a pleasant fertile Country and was esteemed for being the principal City of the Volsci as well as for being a Confine to the Romans t was made a Colony about 440. yeers after the birth of Rome as may be collected from Livy though Velius writes that people were sent thither and a Colony made three yeers after Luceria it groaned under frequent losses and important destructions both in the Carthaginian war and in the civil Factions but afterwards from these misfortunes rousing it self it flourished under the Emperors chiefly under Adrian and Antonini Pii as we draw from the Titles of Statues from the Elogies and inscriptions on Marble Tablets extant in divers places thereabouts On the right hand of the Church of the Preaching Fryers stands the tombe of wood of Augustinus Nifus a most learned Philosopher of his times Looking towards the Sea on the right hand you may observe populous places yet but villages excellently cultivated which are called the Casati di sessa At twelve miles distance from Mola you meet the River Liris in its descent from the Apenines and passage to the Sea pleasantly irrigating the neighbouring Meadows In these Marius hid himself in his flight from Sylla here also lies the Torre di Francolesse where Hannibal being besieged by Fabius Maximus escap't through that famous stratagem of making his enemies drunk these Meadowes were esteemed by the Romans as highly as any under their dominions as may be easily comprehended from Cicero who magnifies beyond measure the Strada Herculatea calling it a way of great delights and Riches contiguous lies the Monte Caecubo famous for being the producer of so generous wine and for having such celebrious Fens near which very much pleased Flaccus when he praised the Attick victory of Augustus in these verses Quando repostum Cecubum ad festas dapes Victore laetus Caesare Tecum sub alta sic Jovi gratum domo Beate Maecenas bibam This River Liris terminated old Latium which passed you came into the Meadows Minturna asore specified where you may see the Monte Massico and Falerno Sinvessa and Minturna and divers others places whose description you 'l meet with under Scotio in the mean time behold Capua CAPUA Capua of old the head of the Champain then was stigmatized with the Character of great arrogancy and wilful obstinacy as a-among others may be collected from Marcus Tullius who speaking against Publius Rullus Protests that the Campani the inhabitants of the Plain or Champain are haughty minded and proud of the goodness of their Fields the quantity of fruits the wholesome air and beauty of their City From which abundance sprung that foolish request which the Campani made to wit that one oâ—… the Consuls might be chosen out of Capua whose delights were such that they overcame and enervated the army of Hannibal before his arrival there invincible and powerfull above all others Cicero calls Capua the Seate of pride and mansion of delights and saies that it creates in the people such customes as if they proceded from the principal of generation when it may be rather supposed they happen from the nature and air of the place and custom of living and eating and hence it falls out for the most part that the genius of the place generates inhabitants like it self The new Capua is scituate on the banks of the river Vulturnus two miles distant from the old Capua the delight of Hannibal and Paragon with Rome and Carthage where the ruines of Theatres Acqueducts Temples Porticoes Baths Palaces and other Structures shew its former magnificence there also may be seen many great subterranean vaults and conservatories for water and pieces of vast columns sufficient testimonies of the power and pride of the old Capua although the new adjacent City hath drawn thence a great part of those infinite reliques Strabo will have Capua to be named from the Champain and Publius Maro likewise who calls the City Campana as also Tullius and Livius its Citizens and the other inhabitants Campani from their manuring great Fields in that happy plain of Campania now Terra di Lavore which most Authors as well modern as old extol for the most fruitful plat of earth in the Universe in a word t was the subject of Virgils Georgicks Yet the Poets Maro Lucan Silius and other sings that the Capi Trojani companions of AEneas gave to it Inhabitants walls and denomination Of her were first Patrones the Opici and the Ausoni and afterwards the Osci a Tuscan People from whom t was called Osca as Strabo writes these latter were driven out by the Cumani and they by the Tuscans who augmenting her power by adding eleuen other Cities made her the Metropolis and as Livy writes called her Volturno from the approaching Rivers name At last the Romans finding her potent a neighbour and in the heart of Italy a perpetual enemie and no less emulous of their Empire then Carthage it self terrible and fierce through the friendship and company of Hannibal reduced her under their dominion by raising many Forts about her besieging her to Famine and the slaughter of all her Counsellors and then they sould all the Citizens and other people together with the Campana forbidding for the future the City to have any head or publique assembly Magistrates
Pelestrina named Suffucius by frequent advices and menaces which he had in his dreams was commanded to break out of a certain place a great flint stone wherat all the other Citizens his Compatriots fell a laughing but when the stone was broke the Lots or Chaunces suddenly leaped forth engraven in antient Letters which occasioned their honouring of Fortune in that place and thence became the place by little and little enclosed and shut up through respect of the Image of Jupiter there devoutly adored by the Matrons in form of a boy childe sitting with Juno in the lap of Fortune in a posture as seeking out the breast and teat and that at the same time after the Temple of Fortune was built there dropped honey from an olive tree wherewith by commandement of the Southsayers was made a chest and therein those Lotts were reposed the which were mingled and drawn out by a litle boyes hand when ever they would see the issue of any thing as Fortune had at large directed her intention to be that after this manner they should draw out the Lots This observation was most antient and such as affirm L. Sylla to be the builder of this Temple deceive themselves Which errour they took up from their reading the thirty sixth book of Pliny who doth not say L. Sylla built that Temple but that he began to make its pavement with small stones of various colours in small figures of which pavement thus wrought some yeers since certain parts were found under ground and therein figured many forrein creatures with their names in greek It may then be rationally believed that L. Sylla being victorious in the civil warrs after he had enforced C. Marius the younger to dye and his other enemies who had saved themselves in Preneste after a long siege took the City killing some part and selling others of the Citizens but repenting afterwards his impietie expressed against the sacred places for expiation of that crime he resolved to restore and embellish anew the Temple profaned and almost wholly destroyed by him It seems a notable advise and observation to me that the strength of the scite of this City hath occasioned its own destruction which hath had a much contrary event in all other strong holds The cause whereof is attributed to the assured confidence of the strength of the place for which cause in the civil warrs the weaker part ordinarily fled thither for safety but their enemies being stronger and more potent immediately layed siege to it so that at the end if they surrendred not themselves the besiegers ruined the poor City whence we read that in the following times of civil discord the Pelestrini that they might not undergoe so great misery as formerly they had done abandoned their City and retired to their dwellings To this day appear there many subterranean waies from the Castle to the foot of the adjacent mountains besides the Caves used as conservatories for water which were made for introducing of assistance or to fly the City occultly into one of which C. Marius the younger having withdrawn himself and perceiving himself to be beseiged on all sides so that he could not fly that he might not living fall into the hands of his enemies agreed with Telesinus to run one against the other with their naked swords so to kill themselves by which means Telesinus was slain but Mvrius remained alive thorugh desperatly wounded and soon after caused one of his Seâ—vants to make an end of his then begun death by killing him From which successes the Inhabitants of the place believe the stones of those subterranean waies to be still reddish with the bloud spilt there which yet is not so for over all those hills are stones red by nature and not through any accident of blood spilt thereon Preneste was first a free City and confederate with the Romans having its own Praetor as Livy and Festus declare calling her Municipal Appianus saies that the Prenestini at the time of the Italian war were made Citizens of Rome with the â—iburtini but some time after L. Sylla victorious as Cicero speaks in Catalines conspiracy having emptied this City by slaughters and banishments and deprived her of inhabitants by the many expulsions slaughters and banishments he made of them there remained so few inhabitants that he sent of the Romans to dwell there dividing its Territory among the new comers and thus made it a Roman Colony Aulus Gellius saies in the third Chapter of his 16. book that afterwards the Prenestini obtained of Tiberius Augustus a restoration to their first state that is into the condition of free Citizens having the form of a Colony wholly amoved from their City TIVOLI WHen arrived at Tivoli first go see those gardens which Hippolitus Estense Cardinal of Ferrara planted with so much cost many yeers since upon the back of the mountain together with a proud Pallace which also is beautifyed with old statues Pictures and royal houshold stuffe even to the emulation of the greatness and magnificence of the Antients But who is able with sufficiency ever to display in words the exquisite delights costs pleasure wherewith this place and palace is plentifully furnished and who shall relate the Labyrinths the Groves the half circles the triumphant Arches the Arches laden with old statues the Caverns of the Nymphs and the innumerable fountains which every where sprout forth waters the close walkes and beautifull arbours covered with trees herbs and tender branches and other like verts Ubertus Folieta of Genoua heretofore described it most gratiously But Corona Pighio cannot satiate himself with praising of it who published descriptions of that Palace and the gardens in Rome stamped from brasse cuts the view whereof in my opinion may draw as many persons to behold it as Rome doth with all its wonders Although we have scarce courage enough yet conformable to that published Table will we cursorily describe it for satisfaction of such as have not had the good fortune to see them or at least their draught in picture First then the Hill is levelled at top and upon the plain thereon is erected the Palace built of square stones with the grandure and magnificence of a Royal palace and with exquisite art and proportion On the right hand whereof lie enclosed gardens called Secreti and therein sixteen great marble Goblets emit clear waters in the midst whereof sits a Janus Quadrifrons with four faces higher raised then those goblets which makes four other fountains adorned like looking glasses and on the right hand a Tennis Court and other sumptuous places for exercise The forefront hath between the windows many old statues of Marble as hath the first Porticue from which lead two fair stone staire-cases up into the palaces Before this Porticue in the midst of a Piazza stands a Leda which Leda was wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia with whom as Poets feign Jupiter accompanying she brought forth two eggs of the one whereof came
Pollux and Helena ravished by Paris of the other Castor and Clytemnestra Thence the hill a pleasant descent is reduced into four long Piazzaes and so levelled contains before the front of the palace four great and spatious gardens into each of which at each end and in the middle three pair of stone stairs artificially composed conduct by a facile descent whose sides are bathed by divers purling streams running towards their Lakes Every garden is divided in its orders hath places to sit in and fair collumnes erected in divers parts so that such as go walking from one part to another through places and passages covered over with leaves and vines and other verts alwaies flourishing enjoy a most beautifull prospect and no less sweet odours from the circumjacent flowers which make a pompous shew In the appartments growes fresh grasse which with the flowers by their variety wonderfully entertain the eye and fancy of whoever regard them nor can any satiate himself in the view of those infinite and wonderfull statues pillars Fountains and other objects there presenting themselves The passage from the Piazza before the Palace on the right hand leads through divers walks trees and small groves wherein are placed several Fountains as that of Tothyde that of AEsculapius that of Nigga that of Aretusa and Pandora and that of Pomona and Flora. In the descent into the first garden shews it self the Colossus of Pegasus in Pamosso a horse feigned to have wings under whose shadow a fair Fountain casteth up her waters very high and in the wood rocks is a Cavern and near them a statue of Venus Bacchus near which is a Lake into which some rivolets run among rocks with a murmuring noise between two Colossus one of the Sibilla Tiburtina the other of Melicerta the son of Athamas and Ino whom the Gentiles did honour for one of the Gods of the Sea Below which lye the statues of the Rivers Aniene and Herculano conjoined to certain vessels out of which some waters run into the Lake as also out of the Urns round which stand ten Nymphs In the midst are two Grotts the one of the Sibilla Tiburtina the other of Diana the Goddesse of the woods both which are adorned with fountains statues Curral mother of Pearl and a pavement exactly wrought with mosaick work On the other side of the garden you have a fair prospect of Rome in a semicircle round which appear her most memorable Fabricks and in the midst sits Rome in the habit of a warlike Goddesse between her seaven hills this statue is of marble bigger then a man in shape of a Virgin in a short girt coat with naked hands military buskins and a sword hanging in a belt from the right shoulder Her head is covered with a murrion in her right hand she holds a spear in the left a shield she sits as aforesaid in the midst of her wonders in the City and on every side appear her sacred Fabricks as the Pantheon the Capitolian Temples the Circs the Theatres the Amphitheatres the Collumnes the Obelisks the Mauseoli the Arches Triumphant the Pyramides the Acqueducts the Baths the River Tyber with the wolf and Twin Brothers pouring water into the City out of an urn in the midst of which running waters riseth an Island cut in the shape of a ship which bears on the main yard an Obelisk and the ship seems to be laden with these four Temples the Temple of AEsculapius in the poope and those of Jupiter Berecinta and Faustus it beares in the prow Thence descending to the lower garden you find on the left hand in a semy circle called the great a green grove placed between certain Rocks amid which run fountains this may be called the residence for birds for on the arms of the trees you see many images of little birds singing more sweetly then the natural who clap their wings as if alive receiving their motion from the aire and the waters with miraculous artifice by means of certain little reeds hid in the armes of the trees sometimes to please the spectators they will make a screech owle to appear and then on a suddain as if the birds were sensible of fear they are all silent but that again withdrawn in an instant they all begin their notes and sing most melodiously In the middle of this garden is a round standing water Lake and in it a capacious vessel and a fountain named from the Dragons which vomit out of their throats great store of waters having trumpets in their hands which also emit plentifull waters with a horrid noise imitating the sound of the trumpet On the right hand lies the Grotto of Nature adorned with many statues and in it an Organ with fair pipes the which perform an harmonious consort of various and artificial musick by the motion of the waters The next garden is not only beautifyed by the fair fountains but by the quantity of Swans and fish preserved in their several stations separated with rare artifice In the three greater fountains are certain Beacons called Sudanti and other boundaries round them which cast water very high in such quantities that in their fall they seem natural showers refreshing the air and cooling the earth making noise of waters in their fall as if the winds were high sprinkling and washing at a good distance In the midst of these conserves you see the effigies of the great Father Oceanus placed in a semicircle like a Theatre and in the middle thereof a marble chariot like that of the Venus Marina drawn by foure Sea horses on which sits a great Neptune seeming to threaten with his Trident. Lastly descending into the last garden near the rock you find in one part a Fountain of Triton and on the other a Fountain of Venus Clonina and in the rest of the level besides the Pescheries four Labyrinths difficult enough for any one to get out of that 's once in placed one by another in foure compartments amidst forreign plants The entrance and outlet of these gardens are embellisht with great Fabricks built of Tiburtine stone with great expence Thus much concerning the Villa of Tivoli of Cardinal Hippolito E stense The noble sepulchre of Cardinal Hippolito da Este in the Church will recompence your pains in the sight of it being composed with marble of various colours on it stands a great white marble statue of the said Cardinal of great cost and fair appearance The Castle also affords many worthy objects but what is more considerable is the precipitous descent of the River which falls with such noise and fury from high cliffs of mountains that for the most part its vapours render the air foggie and many times at a distance there seem to hang celestial rainbowes cloudes being at most times over it This River infamed by the writings of the antient takes its rise at the mountain of the Trebani and runs into three noble Lakes which give name to the adjacent castle called
from the Circo Massimo to Santa Maria Maggiore formerly Consecrated to the Sun The third in the Vineyard of the great Duke of Tuscany filled with Hyerogliphicks t is but small but t is thought stood in the Campo Martio in the time of Tarquine the proud The fourth less than the former was transferred from the Campidoglio by Ciriaco Mattei and stands in the Vineyard of the Mattaei who had it of the gift of the Senat and people of Rome this hath some small Images on the top only the others all over There is another lying in the Via Appia near the Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella broke in 3 several pieces which t is much admired that Pope Sixtus the 5th did not erect as well as the â—…est nor is it to be believed but that he would have done it had not death interrupted this and his other designes One other smaller Obelisk stands near the Jesuits Colledge T is admirable that upon all those Hierogls Obelisks the sign of the Cross is figured which might happen either for that the AEgyptians through some mistery honoured the Cross or for that they might have had some relation touching it from their Ancestors and yet without knowing the signification At the time when by the Emperour Theodosius his command all the Idols of AEgypt were destroyed On the Breast of Serapis was found the sign of the Cross whereof the signification being enquired into the Priests skilled in the sacred misteries of the AEgyptians declared that they understood by it the Life to come after death here which could not portend other than the eternal beatitude whereto our Saviour by his death on the Cross opened the way Thus Socrates the writer of the Ecclesiastick Histories in his 5th Book 27th Chap. recounts as also do Russino Georgio Cedreno and Suida in their writings We must observe that the punishment by the Cross in those dayes common to Malefactors was taken away by Constantine the Emperour a true Christian through his Reverence of our Saviours death who in lieu thereof constituted the Gallows as divers Authors relate Which Emperour also prohibited by a severe Law the conculcating any Cross upon the Earth Let thus much serve touching the Obelisks of Rome if the Reader be curious to search into those in Constantinople and other places the discourse whereof is not to our purpose let him peruse the treatises of Michael Mercato Pietro Bellonio and Pietro Gillio upon this subject In Rome also are 3 famous Collumnes one Called Rostrata in the Campidoglio erected by C. Duilio after the Carthaginians were overcome in the Punick War Another of Trajan which Sixtus the fifth dedicated to St Peter and that of Anthony which the same Pope consecrated to Saint Paul in anno 1580. The AQUEDUCTS TIBERIUS Caesar conveighed the Acqua Virgin into the City but the works falling to decay Pope Nicholas the 5. in the yeer of Christ 1554. and the seaventh of his Papacy restored it to its first beauty as by the Inscription at the Fontana di Trevi appears Sixtus the 5th brought the Acqua Felice into the City calling it Felice from his own name before he was advanced to the Pontifical Chair Other Popes have likewise layed and restored other waters for the Citizens conveniency and delight A Guide or Direction for the most convenient view of the Antiquities of ROME WE will begin from the Vatican chiefly in favour of those who come from Tuscany to Rome entring by the Porta Vaticata near the Castle Saint Angelo Here ly the Meadowes and fields of Quintius or as others say of Pincius at this day called Prata a lovely and pleasant place whither the youth usually resort for Recreation The Porta Elia called vulgarly di Castello leads to Adrians Mole A vast Pile which he raised for the burying place for himself and the Antonini being large and strong but at present better accomodated than in his time for that the Popes have made it a Fortress for their own retreat and security in time of imminent danger of Enemies to which a long Gallery under Ground leads from the Palace of St. Peter for their more convenient and safe passage Heretofore One Cresentinus made himself Lord of it by force of Arms and of the City also but at present the Popes possess it and cal it Castel St. Angelo from the Marble statue of an Angel with a sword in his hand sett on the top of it which Alexander the 7th augmented and fortified in ample manner as by the Inscription on the Bridge may be understood In it are kept the three millions of Gold which may not be imployed on any use but defence of the Apostolick state in point of Arms. The Marbles Collumnes and Statues formerly there were conveighed to the Vatican and placed in the Church of Saint Peter and the Papal Palace and nothing of Antiquity left behind but the structure and two heads the one of Adrian the Emperour armed the other of Pallas with some inscriptions on the walls which notwithstanding t is yet most worthy observation Here stands the Ponte or Bridge Elio so called for that Elius Adrianus the Emperour built it for his Sepulchre but at present t is called Ponte di Castello on either side of it stand the statues of the Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul wrought with excelling Workmanship under Pope Clement the 7th at the time that the Tyber grown beyond its usual limits overflowed to the great devastation of the City and this Bridge in anno 1530. Being upon this Bridge you may see opposite to you the Hospital of Santo Spirito and the Ruines of the triumphal Bridge which was so denominated for that over it were lead the Pompes of Triumphs as the way to the Campidoglio All that part of the Vatican hill between the Bridge and the Palace is now called Borgo but was formerly named la selva because before the time of Pope Alexander the second the Vatican Grove grew there wherein was erected a Pyramide for the Sepulchre of Scipio Affricanus whereof some reliques may yet be seen in that part of the Temple called Paradiso as the great Pyne Apple and Peacok of Brass guilt In the Borgo almost all the Edifices are stately and noble and in particular these following The Palace of the Cardinal of Cesis at the gate of Saint Onofrio whose first Court is full of Statues and inscriptions the particulars whereof are printed and published in it is an Effigies of the Amazon Hippolito infinitely applauded being the workmanship of Michael Angelo the Prince of Sculptors another of Apollo a third of a Sabyn Woman no whit inferiour to that of the Amazon had it Arms proportionable In the garden stands a statue of Bacchus upon a Pedistol A Vessel of Brass with a Faunus a Neptune aâ—…d an Apollo holding a Harp in his hand An Image of Agrippa the Daughter of Marcus Agrippa Another of Iulia the Daughter of Augustus Caesar a Pallas armed and Herma defloured On