here cannot be so understood but onely of the space of ground between horse and horse Monsieur de Praissac is more plain who would have the distance between rank and rank both for the length of the horse as also for the space between horse and horse to be six paces one pace between file and file Yet if we take every pace for five foot as that is the usuall dimention by this rule they should be at a verie large distance In my opinion the Cavallrie being to be exercised in their motions should be at ther distance of six foot or open order taking it as hath been shewed d standing right in their ranks and files b Omnes milites incedendi ordinem servent Veg. 1.9 Vt aquali legitimóque spatio miles distet à milite nec ultrà quà m expedit aut conglobent agmen aut laxent ibid. cap. 26. c In all the motions we also retain the same words of command which they used Facing they called declinatio to the right ad bastam and left ad scutum facing about immutatio Doubling by ranks and files Duplicandi due genera per juga versus Their countermarches the same which we use evolutio Chorica per decurias juga evolutio Macedonica per decurias juga evolutio Laconica per decurias juga Wheelings the same with us conversio ad hastam vel conversio ad scutum Reversio est conversionis restitutio Inflexio wheeling about c. Now the motions are of foure kindes 1. facings 2. doublings 3. countermarches 4. wheelings The use of facings is to make the companie perfect to be suddainly prepared for a charge on either flank or the reere Doubling of ranks or doubling by half files or bringers up is used upon occasion of strengthening the front Doubling of files or doubling by half ranks serveth to strengthen the flanks Countermarches serve either to reduce the file-leaders into the place of the bringers up and so to have the best men readie to receive the charge of an enemie in the reere or to bring one flank into the place of the other or front and reere or either flank into the middle of the bodie The use of wheelings is to bring the front which is alwayes supposed to consist of the ablest men to be readie to receive the charge of the enemie on either flank or reere These motions for the more easie apprehension of the untutored souldier are represented in figures by a companie of Harquebusiers of 64 men And therein the file-leaders and bringers up are distinguished by a differing letter as followeth The form of the first standing To face them to the right is done by commanding Front Right flank Reere Left flank To the right hand Which is done by turning all at one and the same time to the right hand Thus the front is where the right flank was To reduce them to their first form the word of command is As you were Which they perform by turning to the left hand From thence to face them to the left you command To the left hand Which is performed by turning towards the left From hence they are to be reduced by commanding As you were Which they do by turning to the right Now to face them to the reare though it be proper first to do it by the right hand yet for the more ready way I would say To the left hand about Which is done by turning towards the left hand untill their faces front to that place which was before the reare To reduce them to their first form as that must be observed the word is To the right hand about as you were Ranks to the right double The use hereof hath been shewed before Every other rank that is every even number passeth into the odde upon the right hand of his leader The second rank into the first and so successively To reduce them the word is Ranks as you were Which is best done by causing those ranks which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance Ranks to the left double The difference of this motion from the former is nothing but that here they which double do it to the left hand of their leaders which before they did to their right hands as the figure maketh it plain This done they must be reduced by commanding Ranks as you were Files to the right double To do this the second file passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman accounting from the right hand the 4 into the 3 and so the rest which must be done throughout the companie at one instant all together But because the first rank of the companie is as the edge and the files are for the most part appointed but 5 deep there seemeth no great necessitie of doubling of files They are reduced by commanding Files to the left as you were Files to the left double The difference between this and the former motion is the difference of hands And by this means those files that stood before now move and they which moved now stand as appeareth by the figure They are reduced by commanding Files as you were or Ranks to the right double Half files to the right hand double the front Thus the middle-men double the first rank on the right hand The other three ranks double the three following ranks as is manifest in the figure To reduce them the word is Half files as you were Unlesse it be better and so I conceive it to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance Half files to the left hand double the front This motion onely differeth from the former in the hand There be also doublings of ranks by the half files entire to the right or left or both by division But because the files especially of Cuirassiers are seldome above five deep the doubling of ranks half files c. is little used The reducing of them hath been shewed in the former motion Bringers up to the right hand double the front In this motion the last rank passeth into the first and so successively as the figure sheweth it It is of good use yet because it is very troublesome for the horse to perform especially in reducing them it may be used or omitted as shall be thought fit They are reduced by saying Bringers up as you were Files to the left hand Countermarch Though it were fit to begin with the right hand yet for the convenient turning of the horse to the left I think it not amisse to preferre the left The figure representeth the Choraean manner There be also countermarches after the Macedonian and Lacedemonian wayes and those in ranks as well as files which are here omitted for brevitie sake Files close to the right and left to your close order Being about to wheel the companie they must be closed first the files and then the ranks And being to open them again the ranks are first to be opened and then the
upon occasions they could make 70000 or 80000 and at a view taken of their own forces and their allies in Italy there were found 700000 foot and 70000 horse Augustus maintained 23 legions Tyberius 25. In Galbaes time the State maintained 31 legions so that ordinarily in those and later times there were of legionarie and auxiliarie souldiers maintained 372000 foot and 37200 horse whose ordinary pay besides corn and apparrell at one denarius a day for the foot and three for the horse besides the increase of wages given to the officers amounteth to five millions five hundred sixteen thousand sixtie two pounds and ten shillings by the yeare which is more as Sr. H. Savile observeth then the great Turk at this day receiveth in two yeares towards all charges Besides these they maintained a guard of many thousands for the Prince with double pay and others for other employments and yet they never mutined for lack of pay g Virtus militaris praestat caeteru omnibus Cicero pro Mur. Nobilis res atque inprimis utilis militaris est scientia c. Leo. Tact. cap. 20. O viros summâ admiratione laudandos may be said of them as Vegetius saith of the Lacedemonians qui eam praecipuè artem ediscere voluerunt sine qua aliae artes esse non possunt that is O men worthie to be praised with highest admiration which would principally learn that art speaking of the art militarie without which other arts cannot subsist But now if we shall compare our times with these must we not be forced to cry out with h De militia Rom. lib. 5. Lipsius O pudor O dedecus The Low-countreys are without all controversie worthily stiled the Academie of warre where the art militarie if any where truely flourisheth and yet in comparison of the Romanes the said Lipsius is constrained to say who would not speak the worst of his own countrey Exercitium nobis neglectum c. Ubi campi doctores nostri sunt ubi quotidianae meditationes armorum c. With us saith he exercise is neglected Where are our teachers for the field where are our daily practisings of arms Or whereas otherwise i Omnes artes in meditatione consistunt Athleta auriga venator propter exiguam mercedem vel certè plebis favorem quotidianâ meditatione artes suas aut servare aut augere consuescunt Militem cujus est manibus servanda respublica studiosiùs oportet scientiam dimicandi usúmque rei bellicae jugibus exercitiis custodire Cui contingit non tantùm gloriosa victoria sed etiam amplior praeda quémque ad opes ac dignitates ordo militiae imperatoris judicium consuevit evehere Veg. lib. 2. cap. 24. no man professeth any art which he hath not learned shall the militarie art be onely that which men suppose they can leap into and be expert in both at an instant Tympanum sonuit c. The drumme beats they runne together and enter their names with the Clerk of the band something they change in their habit and their gate they swagger and drink ecce jam miles behold saith he here is a souldier alreadie Another complaineth after the like manner k Voyla que c ' est de nostre milice et discipline militaire et principalement de ceste partie tant noble Vn rustault chargé d'armes et monté a cheual c'est assez pour la Cavallerie Walhauson Disciplina hodie non dicam languet apud nos sed obiit neque mala sed nulla est Lips Politic. lib. 5. cap. 13. Hodiernam militiam tristi oculo intueor pudendam lugendámque nobis hosti ridendam aut spernendam Ibid. cap. 8. See saith he what our militia and militarie discipline is come to and principally this so noble a part of it speaking of the horse A clown is laden with arms and mounted on horse back that is enough for the Cavallrie Now if we should bring our trained bands especially the horse to the touchstone and trie what alloy they be of I feare we may ask with Lipsius haec ridenda an miseranda sunt A principall defence and bullwork of the kingdome consisteth in having the trained bands horse and foot well chosen well armed and well disciplined But how this is generally in every part neglected is too shamefully apparant Whether for want of good laws or of good men to see them strictly executed it is not for me to determine Sure I am there is great need of reformation But my zeale transports me beyond my bounds and I digresse from what I intended therefore for this matter hîc terminus esto CHAP. XXVII Of exercise in particular Of managing of the horse and arms THe Cavallrie being to be exercised must be instructed how to manage their horse and their arms Concerning the horse presupposing him to be of sufficient stature and strength nimble of joynts and sure of foot c. he must of necessitie be made fit for service so as you may have him ready at command to pace trot gallop or runne in full careere also to advance stop retire and turn readily to either hand and all with alacritie and obedience Now to bring him to this readie turning he is to be ridden the ring and figure 8 first in a great compasse and so in a lesse by degrees first upon his pace then on the trot and so to the gallop and careere These things he may be taught by using the hand leg and voice For the hand observing not to move the arm but onely the wrist if you would have him to face to the left a little motion of the little finger on that rein and a touch of the left leg without using the spurre doth it if to face or turn to the left about a harder c. If you would have him to trot you are to move both your legges a little forward for the gallop to move them more forward and for the careere to yerk them most forward and to move the bodie a little forward with it After every motion performed it were good to keep him a while in that motion as when you bid him stand to stand a while c. Also it were not amisse after every thing well done to give him some bread or grasse as a reward For the voice you may use the vvords Advance hold turn or the like but because the voice cannot alwayes be heard it were good to use him chiefly to the motions of the hand and leg It will also be very usefull to teach him to go sidewayes this he may be brought unto by laying his provender somewhat farre from him in the manger and keeping him from turning his head towards it He must also be used to the smell of gunpowder the sight of fire and armour and the hearing of shot drummes and trumpets c. but by degrees and vvith discretion When he is at his oats at a good distance from him a little povvder may be fired and
so nearer to him by degrees So may a pistoll be fired some distance off and so nearer in like manner a drumme or trumpet may be used The groom may sometime dresse him in armour and he may be used novv and then to eat his oats from the drumme head It vvill be very usefull sometime to cause a musketier to stand at a convenient distance and both of you to give fire upon each other and thereupon to ride up close to him also to ride him against a compleat armour so set upon a stake that he may overthrovv it and trample it under his feet that so and by such other means your horse finding that he receiveth no hurt may become bold to approach any object He may also be used to mountanous and uneven vvayes and be exercised to leap svvimme and the like But for further directions for the art of riding and managing the horse I referre the reader to a Besides many of our owne writers Pierre de la Noüe in his Cavallerie Franchoise et Italienne also Instruction du Roy de France en l'exercice de monter a Cheval par Antoyne de Plubinel lately published and divers others them vvhich have vvritten of horse-manship ex professo vvhose books are every vvhere obvious CHAP. XXVIII Of managing arms extending to postures and motions Of exercising the lance HOvvsoever the use of the lance be novv left off in the Lovv-countreys either for the reasons alledged chap. 23 or by reason of the discommodity of the countrey for the lance is of no use but in a spacious hard and even ground yet will it not be altogether impertinent to shew the manner of exercising the same seeing that a I. Lips 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Item de Milit. Rom. N. Machiavell G. du Bellay C. Bingham upon Alian Sr. Cl. Edmonds on Caes Com. Sr. Hen. Savilc c. many have taken pains to revive unto us the knowledge of those arms which sometime were in use among the Graecians Romanes and other nations which have been for many ages totally abolished The manner of carrying the lance is either advanced or couched that is when it is carried so abased as the enemie can hardly discover it untill he feel the shock The charging of the lance is twofold either by the right or left The right is when it is presented or charged along by the right side of the horse The left is when it is born acrosse the neck of the horse by the left eare The first is the manner used by the Turks and Hungarians and by some preferred before the other One reason which they give for it is because that in charging by the left the Lancier must incline his bodie to the left and so sitteth the lesse sure in his saddle Basta would have the second way to be best Howsoever all agree that a Lancier must ever strive to gain the left side of his enemie and charge him on the left Now there be three wayes of charging 1 By carrying the lance sloaped upwards 2 By charging it levell in a straight line 3 By charging it sloaping or inclining downwards Fig 2 Par 1 Cap 28 The second is by charging a horse-man about the middle to bear him out of the saddle or on the breast of the foot The third serveth to pierce the breast of the enemies horse or a kneeling musketier or pike charging at the foot against horse These three severall wayes must be diligently practised and require much dexteritie to which end a stake is to be set up having an arm as it were stretched out from it and thereunto a white either of paper or linen fastned at severall heights which the Lancier must exercise himself to hit in full careere also to take up a glove or the like from the ground with the point of his lance c. All which is shown figure 2. part 1. chap. 28. In his charging of the enemie he begins upon his pace or trot b Monsieur de la Noüe blameth the French for their errour in this point De 200 pas ils commencent à galloper et de 100 à courir à toute bride qui est faire erreur n' estant besoin de prendre tant d'espace Discours 18. then falls into a gallop but must not begin his careere untill he be within some 60. paces of his enemie presenting his lance from the advance at the half of that distance and charging it for the shock as occasion serveth Against an armed Lancier the best way of charging is judged to be not after the two first wayes but by the third that is at the breast of the horse and that towards the left side of him where his heart and vitals are and for this the charging by the right is held best Having given his charge with the lance so as it becometh unusefull to him he must betake himself to his pistoll in the use whereof he is to be very skilfull His last refuge is his sword which he must also be well practised in Of both which weapons shall be spoken in the next chapter CHAP. XXIX Of exercising the Cuirassier ALthough it be supposed and expected that no horse-man will presume to mount his horse to repaire to his cornet before his pistols harquebuse or carabine be spanned primed and laden his cases furnished with cartouches and all other equipage 1 To Horse 2 Vncapp your Pistolls 3 Draw your Pistoll 4 Order your Pistoll 5 Spann your Pistoll 6. Prime your Pistoll 7. Shutt your Pann 8. Cast about your Pistoll 9 Gage your Flasske 10 Lade your Pistoll 11 Draw your Rammer 12 Lade with Bullet and Ramhome 13. Returne your Rammer 14. Pull down your Cock 15. Recover your Pistoll 16. Present and giue Fire 17 Returne your Pistoll 18 Bend your Cock 19 Guard your Cock 20 Order your Hammer 21. Free your Cock 22. 23. 24. 3. Draw your pistoll He is to draw the pistoll out of the case with the right hand and alwayes the left pistoll first and to mount the muzzell of it as in posture 15. 4. Order your pistoll He is to sink the pistoll into his bridle-hand and to reremove his right hand towards the muzzell and then to rest the but end upon his thigh 5. Span your pistoll He is to sink the pistoll into his bridle-hand and taking the key or spanner into his right hand to put it upon the axletree and and to winde about the wheel till it stick and then to return the spanner to its place being usually fastned to the side of the case 6. Prime Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand as before he is to take his priming box into his right hand and pressing the spring with his fore-finger to open the box to put powder into the pan 7. Shut your pan He is to presse in the pan-pin with his right thumbe and so to shut the panne 8. Cast about your pistoll With the bridle-bridle-hand he is to cast about the pistoll
two souldiers of every companie are to go with him which then go back again to conduct their respective companies to their assigned quarters especially in the night The Provost or rather the Waggon-master sendeth one of his men to take notice of the place for the lodging of the baggage who afterward conducteth him thither Where he then assigneth the Sutlers or victuallers their quarter and causeth all carts or waggons to be removed out of the streets lest an alarm be given CHAP. II. Of distributing the quarters GReat discretion must be used in appointing to everie one such quarter as is a Pro gradu legionibus auxiliis equitibus peditibus loca deputantur in castris Veg. 3.8 fitting conformable to the qualitie of his person and convenience of the place The best way to avoid suspicion of partialitie is that such as be ill lodged now be better accommodated the next time The market-place for the conveniencie of all and for safetie is to be in the middle but so as no streets runne through it leading to the Rendezvous or place of arms Fig 4 Par 3 Cap 2 THis Regiment consisteth of 4 Troopes of Horse viz. two of Cuirassiers and two of Harquebusiers which Regiment containeth in bredth or front from A. to B. 700 foot and in depth or length from B. to C. 300 foot from A. to D. is 205 foot in bredth for one Company of Cuirassiers which consisteth of 80 horse together with 80 Nags which have 5 files of huts and 5 files of horse which Cuirassiers are quartered or lodged on the right hand of the Regiment From E. to Z. is 115 foot in bredth for a Company of Harquebusiers which consisteth of 100 horse and it hath 3 files of huts and horses From A. to G. is the space of ground where the Collonell of the Regiment is lodged on the right hand of these 4 Companies and the said enclosure for the Collonell is 70 foot broad from A. to G. From G. to H. is 40 foot in depth or length for the said enclosure for the Collonell and so are all the other enclosures of the Officers From H. to I. is 20 foot in bredth for the streete betweene the Collonels Enclosure and the Enclosure for the Lieutenant and Cornet of the said Collonels Company which are both lodged in one Enclosure marked I. K. which hath also 70 foot in bredth as that of the Collonell which Enclosure is divided into 2 parts The Lieutenant being lodged on the right hand and hath 40 foot in bredth for his Enclosure And the Cornet on the left hand with one of the Trumpetters having the other 30 foot in bredth of the said Enclosure which maketh 70 foot for them both Frō K. to L. is another street of 20 foot broad to the enclosure marked L. M. L. M. is the Enclosure where the Quartermaster is lodged with two other horsemen which he pleaseth to admit of which is 25 foot broad and 40 foot long as the rest Their hut within the said Enclosure being 12 foot square for them three and their Stable is 25 foot broad for their six horses From M. to N. is 30 foot for the street betweene the Quartermasters Enclosure and the first huts for the horsemen marked N. Frō N. to O. is 180 foot for the quartering of the files of huts for the horsmen viz. for 16 huts and their 32 horses in a file agreeable to the Regiments of Infantery That so where the Regiments of Cavalry are to be lodged in the Champaine ground among the Infantery they might all make one and the same ligne before and behinde the Regiments And through the said two Troopes of Cuirassiers there bee 2. streets marked P. which streets are of 13 foot broad and the huts of the horsemen are 10 foote broade and 8 foote long for one horseman and his Boy And betweene 2 huts there is 2 foote of space for the drayne of rayne water dropping from the thatch or covers of the huttes These huts have their chiefe dores or passages towards the heads of their horses and a small one opening into the street where they lay their hay and straw every one behinde his owne hut Q. are two streets of 12 foot broad which passe through the Troopes of Harquebusiers R. is a street of 5 foot broad betweene the horsemens huts and the mangers for their horses S is 10 foote for the Stables for their horses which horses are placed with their heads toward their huts and every horse hath 4 foot in bredth for his Litter and 8 foot for the 2 horses according to the length of their huts And more ground than 8 foot they must not take for otherwise it would cause a great disorder and confusion not observing the said precise measures T. is a street of 20 foot broad betweene the heeles of their horses in which streete they mount and alight off their horses which streete they are bound to keepe cleane and to carry away the dung every two or three dayes V. is 30 foot in bredth for the street called the Victuallers or Suttlers street W. are the Suttlers huts being 〈◊〉 foote square and more roome they they must not take unlesse when they have many Pensioners the Quartermaster give them a foot or two more in bredth but not in depth to observe the measure of 300 foot in the depth of the Regiment as the Infantery X. is 10 foot of ground behinde the Suttlers huts for a place for the Suttlers the hors-men and their wives to dresse their victuals And in no other place of the Quarter must any fire bee made Neither are they to cast any filth c. within the Quarter but to carry it to the place appointed thereunto upon payne of a fine which the Provost taketh E. F. is the Enclosure of the Captaine of a troope of Harquebusiers being of the same bredth and depth as those of the Capt. of Cuirassiers viz. 70. foot broad and 40 foot deepe And the ancientest Captaine of Harquebùsiers or Cuirassiers closeth the battalion of the Regiment on the left hand at the corner marked B. F. Y. is a street of 20 foot broad to the Lieutenant of the Troop of Harquebusiers his enclosure Y. Y. Z. is 25 foot in bredth for the enclosure of the said Lieutenant where also are placed his 4 horses having in depth 40 foot And the Cornets of the Troops of Harquebusiers are lodged on the right hand in the 2 first huts of the horsemen and that to place his 3 horses and the 4th horse is the Trumpeters who alwayes lodgeth with the Cornet These Companies of Harquebusiers have also 180 foot depth for the quartering of their 3 files of huts marked in the Cuirassiers N.O. but these have but 15 huts in every file for 30 horse having also two streets as the Cuirassiers through them marked Q. being of 12 foot broad as above said leaving 3 foot of space betweene their huttes for the draine
All the forces of the whole armie both horse and foot are usually distinguished and divided into h So did the Romanes the Vanguard they called Cornu dextrum the Battell Acies media and the Reare Cornu sinistrum as is shewed by Sr. Cl. Edmonds upon Caesars Com. lib. 1. cap. 7. Observ 1. out of Lipsius de milit Rom. lib. 4. and is handled at large by Leo the Emperour Tact. cap. 18. three parts namely the Vanguard Battell and Reare as hath been shewed Part. 2. chap. 3. Each of which parts is governed by it's particular Officer or Chief yet so as the absolute command belongeth to the Generall These distinctions are alwayes so understood in the order of marching to avoid disputes about precedencie so as they which march foremost are said to have the Vanguard they which march in the middle the Battell and they which come last the Reare And these divisions alter their names according to the place they march in wherein they observe a diuinall change as hath been shewed in the chapter above mentioned But if we shall take the meaning of these words according to their proprietie and usuall acceptation in matter of fight or battell conceiving that that part of the armie which is called the Vanguard shall give the first charge and that which is called the Battell shall give the second charge the Reareward the last it will prove a meere mistake For we are to know that the first charge must be given by the first troop or foremost order of companies which are in front placed as in one rank extended from the one front-angle of the whole armie to the other and so it were impossible for them to be commanded or directed by one Commander or Chief of one particular squadron of the armie by reason of the large extent thereof for we see that the front of the armie embattelled before Dornick Fig. 14. which was farre inferiour to that of late employed at the siedge of the Bossch took up i Six foot make a fathom 100 fathoms a furlong seven furlongs and a half a mile Five foot make a pace 1000 paces make a mile 6380 foot of ground being in their close order prepared for fight which is above a mile and a quarter of our measure Besides if the Vanguard as it is called should give the first charge the Battell which then must second them may chance to be of a nation not onely differing from the Vanguard but at variance with them or else some grudge or disgust between the Chiefs And in that respect they might either neglect or slacken the seconding or relieving of those of the Vanguard and not use that diligence which is required In consideration therefore of these and other inconveniences it is best that every squadron of the armie be so ordered as each of them may have their first second and third troops by which means every division shall both be commanded by their own Chiefs and shall also be seconded by those of their own squadron or division which will give them the more courage and assurance The manner therefore for the ordering of an armie for battell is as followeth That squadron which is called the Battell is placed in the middle the Vanguard on the right hand of it and the Reare on the left and all these usually in one front and single order one regiment or sometimes one companie especially among the horse as in Fig. 10. flanking the other as in Fig. 12. From hence the first troop of every division is drawn up and placed in an even front or straight line from one angle of the bodie to the other At a convenient k Usually 300 foot distance behinde these the second troop of every squadron is placed in an even rank as the former but so as the l The Romanes also ordered their battells in three divisions or troops viz. their Hastati Principes and Triarii The first were called Acies prima and these were the Hastati which were to give the first charge At a distance behinde them were the Principes placed which were called Acies secunda these were so ordered with spaces or intervalles that the Hastati being put to retreat might fall back into these spaces and the Principes might advance to give the second charge without disturbing each other The third troop Acies tertia were the Triarii which were placed behinde the Principes observing therein such intervalles as before mentioned Vide Livium lib. 8. Lipsium de milit Rom. lib. 4. ubi etiam Aciei Iconismus first troop which are to give the first charge being to retreat and this second troop to advance they disturb not each other for which reason convenient spaces are left in the first order or troop for the second to come up into The third troop is placed just behinde the first but at twice as large a m 600 foot distance from the second as the second is from the first that so the first troop retreating behinde the second they may have convenient room to make their retreat in good order All this will appeare in the figures following among the rest in Fig. 9. If the Infanterie and Cavallrie be joyned together the manner is to place half the horse on the right flank of the foot and the other half on the left as appeareth in Fig. 12 14 and 15. But upon occasion either of the enemie his ordering of horse within the bodie of foot whereby he might annoy your Infanterie or for other respects of moment some of the horse may be placed within the bodie of the armie as is shewed in Fig. 16. What distances be observable between Regiment and Regiment between Squadron and Squadron betwen each Troop the second from the first and the third from the second the figures will sufficiently shew and especially the Scales of measure in every figure For the more easie understanding of them observe that every bodie of pikes is single hatched thus and the musketiers crosse-hatched thus the horse are left white or void as in Fig. 12. by which the other forms may easily be understood THE PRINCE OF ORANGE HIS CAVALLRIE ORDERED FOR BATTAILE BEFORE GVLICK ANNO M.DC.X. Fig 9. Par 4. Cap 8. The forme of the Duke of Brunswycks horse Battaile in the plaine of Elton The 5th of September 1623. Fig 10 Par 4 Cap 8 The Embattailing of 37 Troopès of horsse before REees the 23 of September Ao. 1614. Fig 11. Par 4. Cap 8. THE PRINCE OF ORANGE HIS HORSE AND FOOT EMBATTAILED BEFORE REES THE XIX OF OCTOBER M.DC.XIIII Fig 12. Par 4. Cap 8. THE CAVALLRIE EMBATTAILED BY HIS EXCELLENCE PRINCE MAVRICE BEFORE REES IN OCTOBER M.DC.XXI The whole Front containeth 3895. foot of ground Fig 13 Par 4 Cap 8 THE FORME OF BATTAILE OF HORSE AND FOOT AS IT WAS ORDERED BY HIS EXCELLENCE PRINCE MAVRICE BEFORE DORNICK THE XI OF SEPTEMBER M.DC.XXI The whole Front containeth 6380. foot Fig 14.
and to hold it on the left side with the muzzell upwards 9. Gage your flasque He is to take the flasque into the right hand and with his forefinger to pull back the spring and turning the mouth of the flasque downward to let go the spring 10. Lade your pistoll Having gaged his flasque as in the former posture he is to presse down the spring which openeth the flasque with his forefinger and so to lade his pistoll 11. Draw your rammer He is to draw his rammer with the right hand turned and to hold it with the head downward 12. Lade with bullet and ramme home Holding the rammer-head in his right hand as before he is to take the bullet out of his mouth or out of the bullet bag at the pistoll case being in fight with the thumb and forefinger and to put it into the muzzell of the pistoll and the rammer immediately after it and so to ramme home 13. Return your rammer He is to draw forth his rammer with the right hand turned and to return it to its place 14. Pull down your cock With the bridle-hand he is to bring the pistoll towards his right side and placing the but end upon his thigh to pull down the cock 15. Recover your pistoll He is to take the pistoll into his right hand mounting the muzzell 16. Present and give fire Having the pistoll in his right hand as in posture 15 with his forefinger upon the tricker he is to incline the muzzell with a fixed eye towards his mark not suddainly but by degrees quicker or slower according to the space he rideth and that not directly forward toward the horse head but towards the right turning his right hand so as the lock of the pistoll may be upward and having gotten his mark he is to draw the tricker and give fire 17. Return your pistoll He is to return his pistoll into the case and then to draw his other pistoll as occasion may serve and to do as before Now concerning the snap-hane pistoll those postures wherein it differeth from the fire-lock pistoll are these as in figure 18. Bend your cock Holding the pistoll in the bridle-hand as before hath been shewed with the right hand he is to bend the cock 19. Guard your cock With the right hand he is to pull down the back-lock so to secure the cock from going off 20. Order your hammer With the right hand he is to draw down the hammer upon the pan 21. Free your cock With the right thumbe he is to thrust back the back-lock and so to give the cock libertie But the more compendious way of lading for the gaining of time which in the instant of skirmish is chiefly to be regarded is by using cartouches Now the cartouch is to be made of white paper cut out of convenient breadth and length and rowled upon a stick or the rammer if it be not too little fit according to the bore of the barrell to contain a due quantitie of powder the bullet The proportion of powder usually required is half the weight of the bullet but that is held too much by such as can judge Having moulded the paper the one end of it is to be turned in to keep in the powder and the due charge of powder to be put into it at the other end which powder is to be closed in by tying a little thred about the paper then the bullet is to be put in and that also tyed in with a little thred When the Cuirassier is to use his cartouch he must bite off the paper at the head of it and so put it into the barrell of his pistoll with the bullet upward and then ramme it home By b For the more speedy lading of the pistoll and avoiding the trouble of carrying either flasque or touchbox there is a late invented fashion of spanner or key which I have represented in figure 1 which contains six charges of powder at the least and priming powder sufficient for those charges for the cartouches wherewith the pistoll cases be furnished which the Cuirassier will finde to be of very good use when he is used thereunto this means he shall much expedite the lading of his pistoll The Cuirassier being become ready in his postures his next and chiefest study is to be an exact marks man And to this end he must frequently be practised at some c The Romanes exercised their souldiers at severall heights at stakes set up in Campo Martio Ad palum quoque vel sudes juniores exerceri percommodum est cùm latera vel pedes aut caput petere punctim caesÃmque condiscant Veg. lib. 2. cap. 23. But their manner of fighting with their swords was not caesim but all upon the thrust or point because that manner sooner pierced the vitalls and laid not open the bodie in fetching of a blow Ibid. lib. 1. cap. 2. marks to be set up at some tree or stake of severall heights Now because the Cuirassier is armed pistoll proof he must not give fire but at a very d La pistolle ne fait quasi nul effect si elle n'est tirée de trois pas Monsieur de la Noüe discours 18. neare distance being carefull to bestow his bullets so as they may take effect The principall place of advantage to aime at is the lower part of the bellie of the adverse Cuirassier also his arm-pits or his neck Some would not have a Cuirassier to give e Les Reitres bien instruits ne deschargent point leurs pistolles qu'en heurtant qu'ils addressent tousiours aux cuisses ou aux visages Ibid. fire untill he have placed his pistoll under his enemies armour or on some unarmed parts If he fail of an opportunitie to hurt the man he may aime at the breast of the horse or his head as he shall see occasion He usually giveth his charge upon the trot and seldome gallopeth unlesse it be in pursuit of a flying enemie or such like occasion Having spent both his pistols and wanting time to lade again his next refuge is his sword whereof the best manner of using is to place the pummell of it upon his right f As is shewed in the posture 22. thigh and so with his right hand to direct or raise the point to his mark higher or lower as occasion serveth either at the bellie of the adverse horse-man about the pummell of the saddle or at his arm pits or his throat where if it pierce not as it is very like it will not fail by slipping under the casque yet meeting with a stay in that part of the bodie where a man is very weak and having a sword of a very stiffe blade as afore-said it will doubtlesse unhorse him Being past his enemie he is to make a back-blow at him aiming to cut the buckle of his pouldron whereby he disarmeth one of his arms c. Basta highly commendeth the aiming at the enemies fight and