81._o a_o battle_n and_o to_o behold_v a_o direct_a space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o rank_n for_o that_o be_v the_o grace_n and_o beauty_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o of_o a_o phalange_n order_v for_o fight_n this_o proportion_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o observe_v distance_n curious_o open_v order_n be_v six_o foot_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n every_o way_n if_o then_o any_o soldier_n in_o file_n gather_v up_o to_o his_o leader_n and_o stand_v at_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o his_o rank_n be_v thereby_o disturb_v and_o make_v uneven_a although_o the_o file_n continue_v straight_o contrariwise_o if_o he_o bear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o place_n three_o foot_n towards_o either_o of_o his_o sideman_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o disorder_v his_o file_n and_o make_v it_o crooked_a this_o fault_n if_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o many_o a_o general_a disorder_n will_v follow_v in_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o aelian_n well_o advise_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o distance_n especial_o till_o you_o be_v command_v to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o distance_n which_o will_v often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o which_o facing_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o motion_n direction_n in_o it_o be_v these_o as_o before_o in_o aelian_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n 25._o that_o be_v face_n to_o the_o tight_a hand_n for_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o bear_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o pike-man_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n bear_v target_n on_o their_o left_a arm_n or_o on_o the_o left_a side_n so_o that_o face_n to_o the_o target_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n that_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n but_o where_o he_o add_v move_v a_o little_a further_o he_o signify_v that_o the_o direction_n be_v not_o full_o accomplish_v and_o he_o will_v have_v the_o soldier_n continue_v their_o motion_n till_o their_o face_n be_v full_o come_v about_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o he_o will_v they_o to_o stand_v so_o because_o they_o have_v gain_v their_o place_n these_o face_n here_o express_v by_o aelian_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n other_o face_n of_o the_o part_n he_o have_v not_o set_v down_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v oftentimes_o of_o great_a use_n for_o say_v the_o enemy_n charge_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v your_o front_n must_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v but_o the_o word_n for_o the_o rear_n be_v phalange_n half_a file_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o the_o enemy_n charge_v you_o on_o both_o flank_n then_o be_v the_o word_n of_o command_n phalange_n half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n halft_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o in_o front_n and_o one_o flank_n the_o front_n stand_v firm_a and_o the_o word_n for_o the_o flank_n that_o be_v charge_v be_v half_a rank_n of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n face_n to_o the_o hand_n name_v plesium_n if_o in_o front_n and_o both_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v to_o stand_v firm_a and_o both_o the_o flank_n to_o face_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o hollow_a square_a or_o plesium_n and_o the_o word_n be_v flank_n face_n one_o to_o the_o right_a the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o all_o side_n or_o round_o about_o it_o be_v as_o before_o for_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o the_o rear_n the_o rear_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v oftentimes_o command_v to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_n of_o the_o front_n the_o rank_n of_o bringer_n up_o must_v do_v the_o like_a as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o countermarch_v double_v be_v the_o second_o motion_n use_v in_o battle_n the_o precept_n motion_n of_o it_o in_o this_o in_o aelian_n 18_o double_v your_o depth_n the_o word_n in_o our_o exercise_n for_o this_o motion_n be_v double_v your_o file_n because_o cap._n file_n measure_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o rank_n measure_v the_o length_n this_o double_n be_v make_v many_o way_n the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o even_a file_n that_o be_v the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o 10._o file_n fall_v into_o the_o odd_a as_o if_o the_o double_n be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner-file_n stand_v firm_a and_o be_v the_o first_o after_o double_v the_o three_o be_v the_o second_o file_n the_o five_o the_o three_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o odd_a file_n in_o order_n but_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n fall_v direct_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n behind_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o first_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o two_o file_n the_o same_o order_n be_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n when_o they_o double_v the_o odd_a file_n and_o the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o manner_n be_v when_o half_o the_o body_n of_o file_n convey_v itself_o into_o the_o space_n oâ—_n the_o other_o half_n of_o the_o body_n be_v it_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v so_o that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n which_o be_v to_o move_v fall_v into_o the_o space_n next_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o stand_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o move_v and_o the_o word_n be_v half_n the_o body_n double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o file_n be_v double_v by_o a_o countermarch_n as_o if_o the_o second_o file_n of_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o it_o be_v appoint_v countermarch_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n place_n himself_o behind_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o corner_n file_n to_o that_o hand_n to_o which_o the_o double_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n of_o even_a number_n behind_o those_o of_o odd_a number_n as_o the_o second_o behind_o the_o first_o the_o four_o behind_o the_o three_o the_o six_o behind_o the_o five_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o next_o word_n in_o aelian_n be_v double_a your_o length_n that_o be_v double_v your_o rank_n or_o front_n for_o as_o i_o before_o note_v the_o rank_n make_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o likewise_o be_v many_o way_n do_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o rank_n of_o even_a appellation_n as_o the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o etc._n etc._n fall_v out_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o odd_a namely_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o 1._o 3._o 5._o 7._o etc._n etc._n which_o stand_v before_o they_o and_o place_n themselves_o even_o with_o they_o in_o rank_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o bringers-up_a their_o half_a file_n follow_v they_o by_o countermarch_n advance_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o place_n themselves_o in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o fileleader_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n according_o namely_o the_o nine_o rank_n in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o second_o the_o eight_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o three_o the_o seven_o in_o the_o four_o the_o six_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o word_n be_v bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n one_o half_a face_n to_o the_o right_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o face_v to_o the_o front_n sleeve_n up_o and_o front_v with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o the_o word_n be_v rear_n halfe-file_n double_v your_o front_n by_o division_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n undivided_a face_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o be_v beyond_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o sleeve_n up_o and_o join_v in_o front_n with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n the_o word_n be_v reare-halfe-file_n enter_v double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o all_o these_o motion_n of_o double_a rank_n or_o front_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o return_v after_o their_o motion_n to_o their_o first_o posture_n which_o be_v do_v by_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o
enemy_n if_o the_o enemy_n come_v sudden_o upon_o we_o he_o must_v direct_v himself_o either_o against_o our_o front_n or_o our_o rear_n or_o our_o flank_n if_o front_n against_o our_o front_n we_o need_v no_o other_o motion_n then_o that_o whereby_o we_o may_v strengthen_v our_o front_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o double_v of_o rank_n we_o march_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o hearse_n in_o which_o form_n there_o can_v come_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v account_v the_o weak_a form_n to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n rank_n double_v of_o rank_n help_v that_o defect_n and_o bring_v as_o many_o hand_n to_o fight_v as_o the_o proportion_n of_o force_n will_v allow_v if_o against_o the_o rear_n rear_n and_o time_n straight_o you_o not_o and_o your_o battle_n be_v in_o open_a order_n you_o have_v the_o use_n of_o countermarch_v countermarch_n which_o bring_v the_o best_a hand_n to_o fight_v for_o the_o fileleader_n be_v esteem_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o army_n your_o battle_n be_v in_o order_n or_o close_a order_n you_o be_v to_o wheeling_n wheel_v it_o about_o to_o your_o right_n or_o left_a cap._n 32._o the_o action_n of_o wheel_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n cap._n 33_o os_fw-mi cloinge_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n the_o front_n after_o close_v yâ—_z right_n action_n close_v to_o yâ—_z leave_v â—and_v close_v to_o yâ—_z right_n â—and_v the_o front_n before_o close_v the_o front_n of_o yâ—_z battle_n before_o close_v hand_n and_o so_o to_o oppose_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o in_o both_o these_o motion_n the_o caution_n of_o aelian_n be_v that_o the_o enemy_n surprise_v you_o not_o while_o you_o be_v in_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_z ion_n of_o countermarch_n or_o wheel_a lest_o take_v his_o advantage_n he_o charge_v you_o be_v in_o disorder_n therefore_o if_o he_o come_v so_o near_o that_o you_o have_v no_o liberty_n to_o countermarch_n or_o wheel_n your_o only_a refuge_n be_v to_o facing_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n for_o so_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v upon_o your_o back_n if_o the_o enemy_n appear_v upon_o any_o flank_n countermarch_n of_o the_o front_n will_v not_o avail_v much_o less_o double_v against_o the_o flank_n of_o rank_n or_o file_n but_o you_o must_v either_o wheel_v your_o front_n to_o the_o flank_n or_o if_o you_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o so_o to_o do_v you_o be_v to_o face_v your_o battle_n to_o that_o hand_n the_o use_n of_o these_o motion_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o their_o several_a chapter_n more_o at_o large_a of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n which_o be_v to_o be_v givin_v to_o the_o army_n and_o of_o their_o several_a kind_n chap._n xxxv_o 1_o we_o be_v to_o acquaint_v our_o force_n both_o foot_n and_o horse_n perfect_o with_o the_o 2_o voice_n and_o perfect_o with_o 3_o visible_a sign_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v fit_v may_v be_v execute_v and_o do_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v 4_o some_o thing_n also_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v by_o the_o trumpet_n for_o so_o all_o direction_n will_v be_v full_o accomplish_v and_o sort_n to_o a_o desire_a effect_n 5_o the_o sign_n therefore_o which_o be_v deliver_v by_o voice_n be_v most_o evident_a and_o clear_a if_o they_o have_v no_o impediment_n 6_o but_o the_o most_o certain_a and_o least_o tumultuous_a sign_n be_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o the_o eye_n if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_v the_o voice_n sometime_o can_v be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o clash_n of_o armour_n or_o trample_v or_o ney_v of_o horse_n or_o tumult_n of_o carriage_n or_o noise_n and_o confuse_a sound_n of_o the_o multitude_n the_o visible_a sign_n also_o become_v many_o way_n uncertain_a by_o thickness_n of_o air_n by_o dust_n by_o rain_n or_o snow_n or_o sunshine_n or_o else_o through_o ground_n that_o be_v uneven_a or_o full_a of_o tree_n or_o of_o turn_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v out_o sign_n for_o all_o use_n occasion_n eftsoon_o present_v new_a matter_n to_o which_o a_o man_n be_v not_o accustom_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o signal_n we_o shall_v not_o give_v sure_a and_o certain_a direction_n note_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a motion_n in_o a_o phalange_n be_v all_o represent_v by_o aelian_n now_o come_v he_o to_o speak_v of_o sign_n which_o direct_v and_o be_v mean_n of_o effect_v all_o these_o motion_n and_o without_o which_o the_o army_n be_v no_o army_n but_o remain_v a_o body_n ungovernable_a and_o may_v apt_o be_v resemble_v to_o a_o ship_n that_o have_v no_o rudder_n for_o as_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o tempest_n be_v drive_v by_o all_o wind_n toss_v by_o wave_n throw_v every_o way_n upon_o rock_n upon_o sand_n upon_o dangerous_a shore_n that_o be_v not_o guide_v by_o the_o master_n who_o stand_v and_o move_v at_o the_o helm_n so_o a_o army_n not_o direct_v by_o sign_n and_o forecast_v of_o the_o general_n be_v carry_v away_o through_o ignorance_n and_o violence_n of_o affection_n sometime_o of_o anger_n sometime_o offeare_n sometime_o of_o revenge_n and_o other_o unbridled_a desire_n and_o break_v or_o else_o fall_v into_o confusion_n through_o disorder_n work_v little_a against_o the_o enemy_n may_v rather_o give_v he_o mean_n of_o a_o certain_a victory_n the_o ship_n be_v like_o the_o army_n the_o general_n like_o the_o master_n the_o word_n of_o direction_n like_o the_o rudder_n guide_v all_o and_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o army_n for_o the_o army_n be_v a_o body_n of_o many_o head_n whereof_o every_o one_o have_v a_o several_a sense_n hang_v together_o not_o by_o the_o natural_a coherence_n and_o knit_n of_o one_o member_n to_o another_o but_o by_o artificial_a join_n of_o man_n to_o man_n file_n to_o file_n body_n to_o body_n whereby_o it_o be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o mass_n and_o figure_v into_o many_o member_n and_o joint_n and_o rule_v not_o by_o the_o reason_n and_o judgement_n of_o itself_o but_o by_o the_o reason_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o general_n so_o that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o demand_v why_o this_o or_o that_o be_v command_v but_o be_v to_o execute_v it_o alone_o for_o this_o cause_n because_o it_o be_v command_v the_o general_n then_o be_v to_o command_n and_o direct_v the_o action_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n aught_o to_o find_v out_o mean_n to_o speak_v and_o discourse_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o in_o such_o a_o language_n as_o it_o be_v that_o all_o may_v understand_v at_o once_o for_o the_o occurrence_n of_o war_n be_v oftentimes_o sudden_a and_o once_o slip_v by_o irrecoverable_a require_v sudden_a mean_n of_o speedy_a direction_n that_o nothing_o fall_v out_o so_o unlooked_v for_o but_o the_o army_n may_v have_v notice_n how_o to_o prevent_v and_o avoid_v or_o else_o to_o turn_v it_o to_o their_o most_o advantage_n the_o rather_o because_o in_o war_n safety_n and_o life_n come_v in_o question_n in_o loss_n of_o which_o no_o pardon_n of_o negligence_n can_v be_v admit_v and_o see_v there_o be_v two_o principal_a sense_n of_o advertisement_n the_o ear_n the_o one_o the_o other_o the_o eye_n the_o ear_n to_o hear_v all_o manner_n of_o sound_n the_o eye_n to_o discern_v all_o manner_n of_o colour_n and_o shape_n it_o have_v be_v the_o witty_a invention_n so_o ancient_a general_n to_o inform_v their_o army_n by_o the_o one_o and_o by_o the_o other_o by_o the_o eye_n when_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o the_o ear_n by_o the_o ear_n when_o the_o eye_n can_v not_o be_v inform_v the_o true_a observation_n and_o use_n of_o these_o sign_n avail_n much_o in_o war_n 5._o vegetius_n say_v that_o nothing_o profit_v more_o to_o victory_n then_o to_o obey_v the_o admonition_n of_o sign_n former_a experience_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o neglect_n or_o error_n of_o sign_n have_v bring_v in_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o quite_o overthrow_v the_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n â—_o polybius_n remember_v it_o in_o aratus_n the_o elder_a a_o general_n of_o the_o achaean_n cratus_fw-la say_v he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o achaean_n seek_v to_o get_v the_o cyâ—ethian_a city_n by_o a_o plot_n agree_v with_o those_o of_o his_o party_n within_o the_o city_n upon_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o come_v by_o night_n to_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o cynethe_v there_o refresh_v and_o stay_v his_o army_n a_o while_n and_o that_o those_o within_o take_v their_o time_n shall_v send_v about_o midday_n out_o of_o the_o gate_n secret_o one_o of_o their_o companion_n to_o stand_v in_o a_o cloak_n by_o a_o hill_n appoint_v which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n to_o give_v advertisement_n to_o aratus_n to_o
then_o by_o move_v and_o by_o recover_v their_o first_o place_n the_o word_n be_v as_o you_o be_v countermarch_v be_v the_o three_o motion_n use_v in_o the_o change_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o use_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o appear_v in_o aelian_a before_o and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o motion_n kind_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n the_o word_n of_o command_n that_o he_o here_o set_v down_o be_v only_o of_o countermarch_n by_o file_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o kind_n viz._n the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n and_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n that_o of_o the_o front_n have_v likewise_o two_o kind_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o chorean_a that_o of_o the_o rear_n only_o one_o and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v now_o aelians_n direction_n follow_v 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n and_o of_o the_o front_n the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o fileleader_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o paâ—â—e_v beyond_o the_o rear_n their_o file_n follow_v they_o in_o our_o exercise_n the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n it_o be_v do_v after_o another_o sort_n also_o as_o when_o the_o bringers-up_a face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a body_n face_v about_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n pass_v through_o the_o space_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n and_o the_o nine_o rank_n begin_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n after_o one_o another_o place_n themselves_o every_o paticular_a man_n before_o his_o follower_n in_o the_o same_o file_n till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o word_n be_v bringer_n up_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n beginning_n at_o the_o nine_o rank_n pass_v thorough_a to_o the_o same_o hand_n and_o place_v every_o man_n himself_o before_o his_o follower_n as_o you_o be_v in_o aelian_n follow_v 22_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v we_o in_o our_o exercise_n term_v this_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n and_o it_o be_v do_v in_o two_o manner_n first_o when_o the_o bringer_n up_o begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o their_o file_n follow_v pass_v through_o the_o space_n of_o the_o fileleader_n till_o the_o fileleader_n become_v the_o last_o of_o the_o file_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a body_n face_n about_o and_o stand_v the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o rear_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n face_n about_o to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n and_o stand_v the_o other_o when_o the_o fileleader_n face_n about_o to_o either_o hand_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n begin_v at_o the_o second_o rank_n successive_o pass_v through_o the_o space_n of_o the_o file_n leader_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v place_v themselves_o every_o man_n behind_o his_o next_o leader_n and_o face_v about_o as_o they_o do_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n face_n about_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n pass_v thorough_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o next_o leader_n the_o next_o in_o aelian_n be_v 24_o the_o chorean_a countermarch_v this_o countermarch_v be_v of_o the_o front_n as_o i_o say_v but_o it_o keep_v the_o ground_n that_o the_o body_n have_v before_o the_o fileleader_n their_o file_n follow_v they_o remove_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o and_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o place_n that_o the_o fileleader_n have_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o stand_v viz._n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bringer_n up_o other_o countermarche_n thereare_v which_o be_v not_o here_o set_v downeby_o aelian_n 28._o but_o be_v remember_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n of_o the_o whole_a battle_n be_v one_o the_o other_o be_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n in_o the_o part_n and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n first_o begin_v to_o move_v so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n entire_a begin_v to_o move_v and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o file_n so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o soldier_n of_o every_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o if_o you_o will_v countermarch_n the_o right_a flank_n so_o to_o change_v one_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o other_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o countermarch_n the_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n both_o the_o uttermost_a corner-file_n be_v to_o move_v towards_o the_o midst_n their_o half_a rank_n follow_v they_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o stand_v there_o and_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v your_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n observe_v that_o in_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n the_o three_o countermarche_n macedonian_a lacedaemonian_a and_o choraean_a may_v be_v practise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o countermarch_v by_o file_n if_o the_o flank_n near_o to_o the_o enemy_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v this_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n because_o it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o shift_v away_o if_o the_o flank_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n begin_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o that_o it_o carry_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o but_o when_o one_o flank_n countermarch_v till_o it_o come_v just_a up_o to_o the_o other_o and_o no_o further_o it_o be_v the_o choraean_a because_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n wheel_v be_v the_o four_o and_o last_o motion_n and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a till_o the_o two_o flank_n be_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n this_o kind_n be_v practise_v when_o we_o will_v frame_v the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o after_o every_o motion_n a_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o be_v command_v in_o these_o word_n as_o you_o be_v in_o face_v you_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n as_o if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n in_o return_v you_o come_v to_o the_o left_a in_o double_v you_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o countermarch_n likewise_o whether_o you_o countermarch_n the_o whole_a body_n or_o the_o parcel_n thereof_o you_o be_v to_o return_v by_o the_o contrary_a hand_n after_o
rehearse_n but_o i_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o example_n of_o epaminondas_n and_o therefore_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o quotation_n 716._o demetrius_n frame_v the_o like_a battle_n against_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n albeit_o he_o be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o hope_n in_o the_o event_n by_o the_o foresight_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o oppose_v his_o choice_a troop_n against_o that_o wing_n of_o demetrius_n which_o be_v first_o to_o undertake_v the_o charge_n hitherto_o of_o these_o three_o form_n of_o phalanges_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n in_o which_o albeit_o the_o two_o first_o be_v portrait_v without_o interual_n yet_o you_o must_v in_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n understand_v the_o three_o interual_n usual_a in_o the_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n and_o in_o the_o hearse_n the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o body_n that_o lead_v and_o of_o the_o front_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la and_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o 1_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o soldier_n be_v place_v in_o a_o body_n we_o take_v some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a and_o order_v they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o equal_a front_n 2_o protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v 3_o when_o we_o order_v the_o light_n arm_v behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a 4_o prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o which_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n this_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la 5_o entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o light_n arm_v within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n 6_o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a be_v when_o a_o man_n bestow_v the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a figure_n resemble_v a_o threefold_a gate_n or_o door_n cap._n 31._o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a entaxis_fw-la or_o insertion_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v note_n this_o chapter_n show_v the_o enlarge_n of_o a_o phalange_n or_o battle_n by_o diverse_a placing_n partly_o of_o the_o arm_a partly_o of_o the_o lightarmed_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o be_v understand_v the_o rather_o because_o most_o of_o the_o alteration_n here_o mention_v be_v speak_v of_o heretofore_o either_o in_o aelian_a or_o in_o my_o note_n six_o form_n be_v here_o set_v down_o two_o by_o change_v the_o place_n of_o some_o of_o the_o arm_a the_o other_o four_o by_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o lightarmed_n the_o arm_a be_v alter_v by_o man_n parembole_n or_o adjoin_v prostaxis_fw-la the_o light_n arm_v by_o forefront_v protaxis_fw-la after_o epitaxis_fw-la between_o entaxis_fw-la and_o wing_n hypotaxis_fw-la what_o the_o signification_n of_o each_o be_v shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o note_n follow_v 1._o parembole_n this_o must_v always_o be_v of_o arm_a which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o insert_v betwixt_o the_o file_n of_o the_o front_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o double_n of_o the_o front_n by_o middle_a man_n with_o their_o half_a file_n whereof_o aelian_n have_v speak_v in_o the_o 29_o chapter_n see_v the_o figure_n there_o 2._o protaxis_fw-la or_o fore-fronting_a i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n that_o the_o lightarmed_n be_v diverse_o place_v in_o the_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n on_o the_o wing_n within_o the_o battle_n when_o they_o be_v place_v before_o it_o be_v call_v protaxis_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n here_o â—_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o demetrius_n who_o have_v many_o elephant_n place_v the_o light_n arm_v before_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o wound_v the_o elephant_n and_o turn_v they_o away_o from_o their_o phalange_n so_o alexander_n so_o darius_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o issos_n place_v darter_n and_o slinger_n before_o the_o front_n of_o their_o phalange_n they_o serve_v great_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n be_v so_o place_v especial_o be_v not_o charge_v with_o horse_n or_o pike_n if_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o either_o they_o be_v to_o retire_v into_o the_o interual_n of_o their_o own_o battle_n of_o pike_n see_v onosander_n cite_v by_o i_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 7_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n 3._o epitaxis_fw-la order_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n behind_o be_v the_o usual_a manner_n of_o the_o macedonian_a embattel_v from_o whence_o they_o draw_v they_o at_o pleasure_n to_o any_o place_n of_o service_n see_v the_o 7_o chapter_n 4._o prostaxis_fw-la it_o be_v when_o arm_v be_v take_v from_o behind_o and_o lay_v to_o one_o or_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n front_v even_o with_o the_o front_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o double_n of_o rank_n as_o be_v before_o show_v do_v when_o the_o hinder_v half_a file_n divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o and_o front_n with_o the_o fileleader_n or_o else_o march_v out_o entire_o without_o division_n entaxis_fw-la incision_n be_v always_o of_o the_o light_n arm_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o arm_a it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o pareutaxis_fw-la another_o greek_a word_n use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n 6._o hypotaxis_fw-la place_v of_o the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n but_o aelian_n will_v have_v they_o so_o place_v that_o the_o eminency_n of_o they_o shall_v make_v a_o hollow_a front_n in_o the_o battle_n patritius_fw-la take_v hypotaxis_fw-la to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o because_o the_o place_n of_o they_o in_o the_o rear_n be_v in_o this_o chapter_n call_v epitaxis_fw-la and_o also_o because_o there_o be_v four_o manner_n of_o order_v the_o lightarmed_n one_o in_o the_o front_n another_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o three_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n the_o four_o in_o the_o wing_n if_o this_o order_n shall_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v behind_o the_o phalange_n there_o will_v be_v two_o kind_n of_o place_v of_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o none_o of_o order_v they_o in_o the_o flank_n beside_o when_o aelian_n say_v they_o be_v place_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n he_o sufficient_o express_v himself_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n on_o both_o side_n be_v the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n xxxiv_o these_o precept_n of_o turn_v about_o of_o face_n of_o wheel_v and_o double_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o of_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o 1_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o show_v himself_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o our_o march_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o macedonian_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a from_o who_o the_o appellation_n be_v according_o draw_v the_o history_n witness_v that_o philip_n who_o much_o enlarge_v the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n and_o over-came_v the_o grecian_n in_o a_o battle_n at_o cheronea_n and_o make_v himself_o general_n of_o grecia_n and_o likewise_o his_o son_n alexander_n who_o in_o short_a time_n conquer_v all_o asia_n make_v small_a account_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n unless_o necessity_n force_v it_o and_o that_o by_o use_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a they_o both_o become_v victorious_a over_o their_o enemy_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o enemy_n fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n be_v cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o hindermost_a march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o make_v show_n of_o run_v away_o it_o more_o incourage_v and_o embolden_v the_o enemy_n to_o fall_v on_o for_o fear_n and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v ordinary_o incident_a to_o this_o countermarch_v but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o fileleader_n with_o their_o follower_n brave_o advance_v and_o oppose_v themselves_o it_o strike_v no_o small_a fear_n and_o terror_n into_o their_o mind_n note_n all_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o a_o battle_n face_v countermarch_v double_v and_o wheel_v be_v before_o handle_v in_o this_o chapter_n aelian_n brief_o rehearse_v the_o use_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o 1._o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o
be_v not_o wrap_v up_o in_o obscurity_n and_o which_o may_v full_o deliver_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o commander_n to_o the_o soldier_n which_o he_o have_v in_o exercise_n and_o as_o the_o word_n ought_v to_o be_v short_a so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v without_o double_a signification_n where_o they_o have_v a_o double_a signification_n that_o be_v may_v be_v diverse_o understand_v by_o they_o who_o be_v under_o direction_n some_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o aelian_n say_v will_v do_v one_o thing_n some_o another_o which_o must_v needs_o breed_v a_o confusion_n in_o the_o body_n exercise_v for_o as_o uniformity_n of_o motion_n in_o every_o particular_a soldier_n preserve_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o every_o joint_n or_o part_n thereof_o entire_a so_o the_o dissimilitude_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o particular_n induce_v a_o disjoint_v as_o it_o be_v &_o a_o disorder_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o whole_a battle_n in_o general_n to_o avoid_v then_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o double_a understanding_n in_o word_n aelian_n think_v fit_a that_o the_o special_a word_n shall_v be_v place_v before_o the_o general_a and_o in_o stead_n of_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n he_o will_v have_v the_o commander_n to_o pronounce_v thus_o to_o the_o pike_n face_n that_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n hold_v the_o word_n right_a hand_n to_o be_v more_o special_a or_o straight_a in_o signification_n than_o the_o word_n face_n let_v i_o have_v pardon_n if_o i_o differ_v from_o aelian_n herein_o for_o logician_n hold_v those_o word_n more_o general_a that_o stretch_v unto_o and_o comprehend_v under_o they_o most_o particular_n now_o consider_v there_o be_v four_o motion_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o can_v be_v put_v in_o use_n but_o by_o word_n of_o direction_n and_o in_o the_o direction_n the_o word_n right_a or_o left_a hand_n be_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v apply_v to_o every_o of_o they_o as_o for_o example_n countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o word_n right_a hand_n or_o leave_v hand_n be_v more_o general_a than_o any_o one_o of_o the_o motion_n because_o it_o stretch_v to_o they_o all_o so_o that_o albeit_o we_o retain_v the_o rule_n of_o aelian_n namely_o to_o set_v the_o special_a before_o the_o general_a yet_o may_v we_o very_o safe_o from_o his_o example_n and_o not_o only_o in_o face_v but_o also_o in_o the_o three_o other_o motion_n pronounce_v the_o direction_n thus_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n double_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n because_o the_o word_n right_a or_o left_a hand_n be_v more_o general_a than_o any_o one_o of_o the_o motion_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v more_o particular_a yet_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o language_n will_v force_v we_o to_o forsake_v this_o rule_n of_o aelian_n for_o in_o every_o language_n there_o be_v a_o idiom_n or_o propriety_n of_o speech_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o phrase_n itself_o but_o also_o in_o the_o very_a join_n &_o tie_v together_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o that_o that_o which_o sort_v well_o with_o one_o language_n will_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o another_o in_o greek_a in_o which_o tongue_n aelian_n write_v it_o sound_v well_o to_o place_v the_o noun_n govern_v by_o a_o verb_n before_o the_o verb_n itself_o so_o in_o latin_a dutch_a french_a and_o other_o tongue_n in_o english_a if_o a_o man_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o verse_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v more_o respect_v than_o the_o order_n of_o the_o word_n he_o shall_v be_v account_v ridiculous_a or_o vain_a for_o take_v the_o example_n here_o set_v down_o to_o the_o right_a hanâ—_n face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n double_a or_o countermach_n or_o wheel_n and_o let_v we_o use_v the_o same_o order_n of_o word_n in_o common_a speech_n and_o a_o man_n say_v to_o his_o servant_n to_o the_o church_n go_v to_o the_o mill_n corn_n carry_v boot_v clean_o make_v to_o the_o cutler_n my_o rapier_n carry_v who_o will_v not_o laugh_v at_o his_o speech_n or_o think_v he_o idle_a in_o so_o pronounce_v wherefore_o albeit_o aelian_n hold_v that_o form_n agreeable_a to_o the_o greek_a tongue_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o our_o english_a according_a to_o which_o i_o hold_v it_o better_a to_o pronounce_v after_o this_o manner_n face_n to_o right_a hand_n countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n then_o after_o this_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o property_n of_o speech_n avail_v much_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o soldier_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v undearned_a and_o will_v hardly_o understand_v in_o case_n the_o wont_a custom_n and_o ordinary_a use_n of_o join_v word_n be_v invert_v chap._n liii_o but_o above_o all_o thing_n silence_n be_v to_o be_v command_v and_o heed_n give_v to_o direction_n as_o homer_n especial_o signify_v in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o craecian_a and_o trojan_a fight_n say_v the_o skilful_a captain_n press_v on_o guide_v with_o careful_a eye_n their_o arm_a troop_n who_o follow_v their_o leader_n silent_o you_o sure_o will_v have_v deem_v each_o one_o of_o all_o that_o mighty_a throng_n have_v be_v bereave_v of_o speech_n so_o bridle_v he_o his_o heedful_a tongue_n fear_v the_o dread_a commander_n check_v and_o dreadful_a hest_n among_o thus_o march_v the_o greek_n in_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n and_o fervent_a zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n as_o for_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o resemble_v it_o to_o bird_n say_v as_o shoal_n of_o foul_a goose_n crane_n and_o swan_n with_o neck_n far_o stretch_v out_o which_o in_o the_o slimy_a fen_n caister_n wind_v stream_n about_o shear_v here_o and_o there_o the_o liquid_a sky_n sport_v on_o wanton_a wing_n then_o fall_v to_o ground_n with_o clang_v noise_n the_o fen_n all_o over_o ring_n none_o otherwise_o the_o trojan_n fill_v the_o field_n with_o heap_a sound_n of_o break_a and_o confuse_a cry_n each_z where_o tumult_n abound_v and_o again_o the_o captain_n marshal_n out_o their_o troop_n range_v in_o goodly_a guise_n and_o forth_o the_o trojan_n pace_n like_o bird_n that_o lade_v the_o air_n with_o cry_n not_o so_o the_o greek_n who_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n fervent_a in_o zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n note_n silence_z when_o a_o battle_n be_v put_v in_o order_n either_o for_o fight_v or_o exercise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o obedience_n which_o belong_v to_o a_o soldier_n the_o breach_n whereof_o more_o endanger_v the_o proceed_n of_o war_n than_o a_o raw_a soldier_n will_v think_v who_o only_o be_v wont_a to_o offend_v in_o that_o kind_n i_o have_v before_o entreat_v of_o sign_n and_o show_v that_o in_o the_o observe_n of_o direction_n consist_v the_o great_a help_n of_o victory_n in_o neglect_v they_o the_o chief_a mean_n to_o take_v a_o overthrow_n and_o be_v defeat_v for_o as_o direction_n be_v execute_v give_v life_n unto_o warlike_a action_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o the_o commander_n desire_v so_o whatsoever_o hinder_v the_o receive_n of_o direction_n must_v needs_o cross_v the_o design_n of_o the_o commander_n and_o by_o consequence_n frustrate_a and_o disannul_v that_o which_o be_v think_v by_o he_o most_o fit_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n either_o for_o the_o good_a order_n or_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o army_n or_o else_o for_o the_o gain_v of_o victory_n a_o man_n that_o be_v not_o attentive_a can_v mark_v the_o command_n deliver_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v attentive_a that_o while_o it_o be_v deliver_v busy_v his_o head_n with_o other_o thought_n or_o else_o entertain_v his_o next_o stander_n by_o with_o talk_n a_o mean_n to_o divert_v aswell_o the_o speaker_n as_o the_o hearer_n from_o that_o heed_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n in_o asmuch_o as_o no_o man_n have_v the_o ability_n to_o hear_v another_o man_n speech_n and_o himself_o take_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n or_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o discern_v two_o man_n several_a speech_n which_o be_v deliver_v together_o all_o general_n have_v hold_v silence_n a_o principal_a point_n of_o warlike_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o in_o command_n they_o make_v it_o the_o first_o leos_n precept_n be_v this_o when_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v together_o and_o order_v for_o exercise_n let_v the_o crier_n â—â—â—_o for_o every_o company_n have_v then_o a_o crier_n give_v these_o