above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they â—ouble Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the right hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left hand double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then
Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his pannâ— and prime againe having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketâ—ers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving-fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and
both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatoribus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Instinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander 2 story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleâ—red by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pâ—etty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holâ—ten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Fuâ—eland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for
have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to sight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the â—ight and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed ourselves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particâ—larly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and
then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hepburne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers oâ—her Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant
downe the water towards Ashaffenburg a City and a Castle on the Maine belonging to the Bishop of Mentz where they had orders to remaine till his Majesties coming with the Army This march continued for five dayes where we had nightly good quarters by the way being in feare of no enemy we kept the whole march the Maine on our right hand our horsemen upon the left having had the Felt-marshall with his Army lying at Bambridge betwixt us and the enemy so that this march though in winter was not so troublesome unto us as their travelling is to them who journey in forraine countries for to see strange faces where they must needs lay out monies for their entertainment some of us on this march were well entertained and did get mony besides to spend at Francford Likewise when it behoved travellers to hire guides and sometimes to hire convoies for their safeties we had Gustavus a King under God our Leader and a powerfull Army to convoy us and at night the sweete and sociable society of our countrimen and strangers the one to season the other which made our march pleasant alongst the pleasant and fruitfull River of the Maine that runnes through faire Franconia into the Rhine at Mentz Having come with the Army the length of Hanow leaving Ashaffenburg behinde us we marched to Steinhem which presently we tooke in by accord where the most part of the Souldiers did take service which being done his Majesty did send unto the Lords of Francford desiring them for the well of the professours of the Evangell to take in a Garrison with a protestation if they refused to doe it willingly it behoved him otherwise to deale with them which was not his desire They having taken the proposition for two dayes in advisement his Majesty the sixteenth of November did let quarter the Army before their Ports in Offenback Ober and Nider Rode the next day they consented his Majesties Army should march through leaving six hundred men in Garrison in Saxenhowsen the Lords giving their Oath to secure the Garrison of Saxenhowsen of all dangers and on the seventeenth of November his Majesty with the whole Army in comely order marched alongst the bridge from Saxenhowsen through the Towne of Francford towards Hechst where there lay two miles off the Towne a Garrison of the enemies In this march through Francford such order was kept without any disorder as if it were the solemne procession of a King and his nobles in parliament every one admiring of his Majesties good order and discipline kept over his Army The nineteenth of November Hechst was taken in by his Majesty with accord where the Souldiers for the most part tooke service The next day the Army lying still in Dorpes his Majesty returned to Francford and met with the Landgrave of Hessen the Landgrave of Darmstat and with the Earles of the Vetâ—o where it was agreed amongst them for the defence of the Land to joyne in one confederacy where the Castle of Russelshem was given unto his Majesty by the Landgrave of Darmstat whereon two hundred Scots of Colonell Lodowick Lesly his Regiment were set under command of Captaine Macdowgall The nâ—xt day being the two and twentith of November his Majesty returned to Hechst againe and having put forth the Papists placing his owne Preachers on Sunday his Majesty thanked God that he had gotten in Francfort without bloud or stroake of sword His Majesty caused to set over a ship-bridge at Hechst and sent ships before Mentz to blocke it by water till his Majesty with the Army crossed the Maine and marched by Darmstat in the Bergstrasse of intention to have gone for Heidelberg but retiring downe neere the Rhine having quartered the Army his Majesty with a party did visit the Skonce of Openham and thereafter resolved to take it in The twenty second Observation THIS march being profitable as it was pleasant to the eye we see that Souldiers have not alwayes so hard a life as the common opinion is for sometimes as they have abundance so they have variety of pleasure in marching softly without feare or danger through fertill soyles and pleasant countries their marches being more like to a Kingly progresse then to warres being in a fat land as this was abounding in all things except peace they had plenty of corne wine fruite gold silver Iewells and of all sort of riches could be thought of on this River of the Maine where the Townes and pleasant Flects lie by the water not distant in many places halfe an English mile from one another being one of the pleasantest parts and wholesomest for ayre that I did see in all Germany having a great Traffique by water from thence unto the west sea by the Rhine running northward unto Holland This Towne of Francford is so pleasant for ayre situation buildings traffique commerce withall Nations by water and by land that it is and may be thought the Garden of Germany and consequently of Europe seeing no continent in Europe is comparable unto Germany for fertility riches corne wine traffique by land pleasant Cities faire buildings rare orchards woods and planting civility as well in the country as in the cities their Dorpes and Flects walled about The Boores inhabitants having their wines in Sellers set in great rife or plentifull as water to entertaine their friends in a bountifull manner especially alongst this pleasant River of the Maine Here at Francford is the Mart called the Francforter Masse whether the Marchants resort from all partes of Europe for the mutuall interchange of money and wares Hether also are brought twice in the yeare from all parâ—s of Europe the travells and bookes written by the learned of all sciences and of all controversies of Religion to be transported againe from thence for the use of other Kingdomes The inhabitants of Francford we see here are content to take in his Majesties Garrison in Saxonhousen without compulsion or losing of bloud and this kinde of conquest is the best conquest when we conquer more by love then by force where they by their timely yeelding preserved their Towne their buildings their orchards their houses of pleasure undestroied when others through their pride stoode out till they were punished by the ruine of their Townes the losing of their moveables as their gold their silver their rich cupboords their Iewells their ornaments their orchards their gardens in regard of their pride in time of their plenty But this City of Francford was made wise by the ruine of other Cities whose intemperate troubles made them moderate Thus concord is the mother of all happinesse in the Common-weale for she debarres enemies augments wealth makes the Cities sure without a guard and oftimes we see that those who contemne Peace seeking glory they lose both peace and glory Therefore the Lords of Francford did well in preferring good conditions of peace before an uncertaine war especially against such a Heroick King as Gustavus was then the Patriot
were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelve men of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed out againe with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestie finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming to make us acquainted with the thundering of Cannon where no man were he never so stout could be blamed to stoope seeing the Cannon in the night fireing in a right line before him he that would not shift his body to eschew the graseing of a Bullet was not to be pittied if killed through ostentation Here death that cruell fellow courted all alike yet none was so enamoured as â—â—llingly to embrace him though well I know many brave fellowes were resolved to meet him for to give him the foyle before he came neere This night a Souldier though not stout might passe prentise in our Calling in one night for resolution where having stayed till it was day we retired to the Leaguer with great losse of men that were killed and hurt where they that had escaped the Malheur were glad to discourse at large of their nights watch His Majestie finding this Towne strong by nature situation and art lying on the Danube really fortified with a bridge over the River fortified also before the entry and the Towne being well provided of all furniture having a strong Garrison and in neede an Armie to supply it which made his Majestie for that time rise from it having gotten intelligence that the Duke of Baviers Forces by sleight had taken in Rhinsberg where the most part of the Armie was sent thither to beset the passe who immediatly after their entry disarmed the Citizens being all Protestants having quartered above twentie Souldiers in every house where also the Duke himselfe did march with the rest of his Armie knowing his Majestie was not able to gaine credit before Engolstat he went away suffering his Majestie to stay behinde to try his fortune against the Towne who also did breake up and marching away the enemy with a strong partie of Horsemen and of Dragoniers charged our Reare-guard Generall Banier being commanded to make the retreate where the enemy having charged he behaved himselfe well by good Command charging the enemy with small Troopes forcing them to retire while as the body of the Armie was retiring the Generall commanding still fresh Troopes one after another to receive the enemies charge till at last all were safely retired and the enemy retired also not daring to shew himselfe without the passes on the field being well beaten at an out-fall by the Swedens the day before The Retreate honourably made his Majestie continued his march on Mosburg having lyne that night on the Hill at Gysenfelt having in the afternoone before drawne the whole Armie in one Front Horse Foote and Cannon for doing the funerall Rites of the Markgrave of Bawden whose corps being appointed to be sent away with a Convoy to be buried before their departure the whole Cannon was twice discharged and then the whole Musketiers of the Army from the right hand to the left did give two salves of Musket and after them the whole Armie of horse did give two salves of Pistoll This day also old Captaine David Ramsey was buried having died of a consuming Feaver The next day our march continuing towards Mosburg where we did lie five dayes his Majestie having sent Felt-marshall Horne with a strong partie of horse foote and Cannon towards Landshut where Hepburne with his Briggad was also employed The Towne not being strong the enemy after
which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wyâ—ar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grossâ—roote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the left going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armie thus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragoniers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Duke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave â—on Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious
themselves which made his Majesty contrary to his custome ingage his Army and once being ingaged upon slight intelligence the reliefes went on so fast the service being so hot for a time that it was long before the losse was perceived where it is to be pittied that the errour and fault of another should be made to posterity as his Majesties over-sight by those that know no better for though a King leading an Army had Argos eyes yet it is impossible he should looke unto all things himselfe The fault of one here we see with the losse of many was irrecoverable and he that before this day was the terrour of the Empire by his former successe being deceived with false intelligence is thought to have overseene himselfe the errour of another being imputed unto his Majesty in losing so many brave fellowes which shou'd teach others to be the more circumspect in recognoscing before they should ingage men in bringing them upon the shamble bankes Here also we see that his Majesty was was ever enâ—my to idlenesse for he had no sooner brought off his Army from pursuing his enemies but incontinent he sets them againe to worke for their owne safeties and that within reach of his enemies Cannon to the end it might not be said but he attended their out-comming lest his Army might be discouraged at a present Retreate after such a great losse for if the service had continued the whole Armie had beene indangered yet a valourous Captaine as our Leader was as he feares nothing entering on service so he ought to set light by nothing he sees tending to his prejudice but ought timely to retire with as little losse as he may for it were a grosse errour to despise our enemies through too much confidence in our selves for some times by despising our enemies as here we make them the more valiant and if they be ambitious the more respect we give them the lesse we neede to feare them And it is necessarie when an Armie doth get a clappe as we did here then incontinent and with all diligence we should presse to trie our enemie againe wheresoever we can have any advantage lest our enemy might judge us altogether to have yeelded and given over which were very dangerous The bouldnesse of one bould fellow at first being a Leader may ingage a whole Armie for want of judgement as was done here going before this hill of Nurenberg where as many were brought in danger as did tread in the first Leaders paths through lacke of judgement having beene all of them more heady than wise yet to dare being annexed unto vertue is the beginning of victory neverthelesse a hasty man in an Armie without judgement and discretion is to be disallowed of aswell as a coward On my Poste under the Hill after I was shot a sudden feare came amongst the Souldiers some thirtie horse having suddenly come through the wood as if they had beene chased the most part both Officers and Souldiers ranne away leaving mee with a few number on the Poste so that if the enemie had fallen out I could not have escaped from being kill'd or taken but as soone as they perceived that I with the Souldiers remained by me had unhorsed and taken some of the horsemen who were found to bee friends they being ashamed of their miscarriage retired having accidentally rencountred with Hepburs Captaine Lievetenant who brought them up againe whom I threatned to shew his Majestie of their behaviours neverthelesse being loath to incurre the hatred of a brave Nation for the misbehaviour of some unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kâ—iphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorfâ—e had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few
lamented as being without gall or bitternesse Likewise at this time Lievetenant Hector Monro being also a stout and a valourous Gentleman died of a languishing Ague in Vertenberg being much lamented by his Camerades and friends We reade in the Roman Story That the memory of the dead was ever honourable and precious so that the Romans wore mourning for their dead friends above a yeare And the Athenians had an Order amongst them that all those who dyed bravely in warres their names should be inregistred and set in Chronicle as also frequent mention was ordained to be made of their names and of the exploits done by them in the publique meetings Moreover it was ordained by them to celebrate dayes in their remembrance wherein the youth should be exercised in divers exercises of body called Sepulchres whereby the people might be incouraged to follow Armes for to gaine honour to themselves to the end that disdaining death they might be encouraged to fight for the weale of the publique And Polemarche the Leader for those youths in time of their Exercise was wont to sing Verses and Songs made in praise of those that dyed valourously serving the publique and to incite others to the like magnanimitie The youths did sing them also before the people To conclude then this Observation since GOD hath made me poore by the want of my Friends I finde no other remedie but to inrich my selfe in being content with his will being perswaded as they have gone the way before me I must needs follow and then others by my example must learne to be contented to want me And though I leave them poore they can be rich in God being content For we are neither rich nor poore by what we possesse but by what we desire AN ABRIDGEMENT OF EXERCISE FOR THE Younger Souldier his better Instruction Wherein first we shew a complete Company and then we make twelve Companies to complete a Briggad TO make a complete Company of marching men under Armes there must be one hundred twentie six men in Armes being reckoned to twenty-one Rots each Rot being six men of which two are esteemed as Leaders being a Corporall a Rot-master or Leader and an under Rot-master being the last man of the six in field which also is sometimes a Leader when on occasion his Leader is made to be under Rot-master then in a Company you have twenty-one Leaders being six of them Corporalls and fifteene Rot-masters which to close the fields have allowed twenty-one men called under Rot-masters a Company thus consisting of twenty-one Rots is divided in six Corporall-ships whereof three being Pikemen and three Rot being eighteen men makes a Corporall-ship of Pikes Also there must be to complete this Company three Corporall-ships of Musketiers each Corporall-ship being counted twenty-foure men being foure Rots so that to make up the Company complete there must be nine Rots of Pikemen which have the Right hand and twelve Rots of Musketiers on the left hand being drawne in one Front they make a complete body of a Company without Officers This Company hath allowed them for Officers a Captaine a Lievetenant an Ensigne two Sergeants foure under-Beefeeles being a Captaine of Armes a furer of Colours a furrier and a Muster-schriver as also to serve the Company three Drummers are allowed and fourteen passe-volants with foure muster-youngs are allowed to the Captaine as free men unmustered to make up the complete number of one hundred and fiftie besides the Officers The Company being drawne up complete the Pikes on the Right hand and the Musketiers on the left hand then the Ensigne or his furer with a Drummer and three Rots of Pikes goes to bring out the Colours to be placed in Front of the Company before they march As also the Colours are to be conveyed againe in this manner at all lodging and dislodging The Company marching to Parad or watch with complete Officers the Captaine leads off six Rots of Musketiers his Drumme beating betwixt the second and the third Ranke then followes up after that division the oldest Sergeant leading up the first five Rots of Pikemen the Ensigne leading up the other Division of Pikes his Furer furing his Colours after him and the second Drummer beating betwixt the two Divisions then the Lievetenant leads up the last Division of Musketiers being six Rots also and coming in equall Front with the rest the Captaine making a signe for the Drumme beating they order their Armes the Captaine standing in Front on the Right hand the Ensigne on his left and the Lievetenant on the left hand of both with a Sergeant on each Flancke and the under-Beifells with halfe Pikes stand in the Reare of the Company Twelve Companies thus complete would make up three Squadrons every Squadron of Pikes and Muskets being drawne up severall apart after the former example of the lesse body Pikes and Colours on the right hand and the Musketiers on the left which three Squadrons thus drawne up and complete would make a complete Briggad of Foote to be divided as followes viz. eight Corporall-ships of Musketiers being thirty-two Rots divided in foure Plottons every Plotton being eight in front led off by a Captaine and every Division after him led up by a sufficient Officer till at a haulte all were drawne in even front after this Division should follow the thirty-six Rots of Pikes being twelve Corporall-ships with their Colours a Captaine leading off the first five Rots before the foure Colours should stirre where betwixt the second and third Ranke of the first Division of Pikes the Drummer should beate then the Ensignes should leade off the other Division their Furers with their Colours following them till they drew up in even Front with the first Division of Pikes which ought to be in one Front with the thirty-two Rots of Musketiers that make the right wing of the Briggad keeping their Armes orderly shouldered till they were commanded otherwise and their Sergeants ought to looke unto the Flanks till such time that the whole Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots were drawne up in even Front with the Musketiers after this manner the other Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots also which should make the Battaile of the Briggad ought to march by Divisions being led up in all respects and order after the manner of the former Squadron of Pikes till they were in even Front with the rest then the other thirty-two Rots of Musketiers belonging to that Squadron which are appointed to be the Battaile of the Briggad ought to be led up as the first Division of Musketiers were in all points which ought to draw up at a reasonable distance behinde their owne Squadron of Pikes appointed for the Battaile of the Briggad where their Sergeants on the Flancks ought to looke to their order and not to suffer them to stirre their Armes till they were commanded And after them should march up the last Squadron of Pikes in all respects observing the order of the former
admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modâ— though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Centrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an