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A86417 Philosophicall rudiments concerning government and society. Or, A dissertation concerning man in his severall habitudes and respects, as the member of a society, first secular, and then sacred. Containing the elements of civill politie in the agreement which it hath both with naturall and divine lawes. In which is demonstrated, both what the origine of justice is, and wherein the essence of Christian religion doth consist. Together with the nature, limits, and qualifications both of regiment and subjection. / By Tho: Hobbes.; De cive. English Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver. 1651 (1651) Wing H2253; Thomason E1262_1; ESTC R202404 220,568 406

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be a woman or youth or infant provided that they be fit for affaires who are endued with the publique Offices and charges And that which is said Woe to the land whose King is a childe doth not signifie the condition of a Monarchy to be inferiour to a Popular state but contrariwise that by accident it is the grievance of a Kingdome that the King being a childe it often happens that many by ambition and power intruding themselves into publique counsels the government comes to be administred in a Democraticall manner and that thence arise those infelicities which for the most part accompany the Dominion of the People XVII But it is a manifest sign that the most absolute Monarchy is the best state of government that not onely Kings but even those Cities which are subject to the people or to Nobles give the whole command of warre to one only and that so absolute as nothing can be more wherein by the way this must be noted also that no King can give a Generall greater authority over his army then he himselfe by Right may exercise over all his subjects Monarchy therefore is the best of all governments in the Camps But what else are many Common-wealths then so many Camps strengthened with armes and men against each other whose state because not restrained by any common power howsoever an uncertain peace like a short truce may passe between them is to be accounted for the state of nature which is the state of War XVIII Lastly since it was necessary for the preservation of our selves to be subject to some Man or Councell we cannot on better condition be subject to any then one whose interest depends upon our safety and welfare and this then comes to passe when we are the inheritance of the Ruler for every man of his own accord endeavours the preservation of his inheritance But the Lands and Monies of the Subjects are not onely the Princes Treasure but their bodies and wildy minds which will be easily granted by those who consider at how great rates the Dominion of lesser Countries is valued and how much easier it is for men to procure mony then money men nor doe we readily meet with any example that shewes us when any subject without any default of his own hath by his Prince been despoiled of his life or goods through the sole licenciousnesse of his Authority XIX Hitherto we have compared a Monarchicall with a Popular State we have said nothing of Aristocracy we may conclude of this by what hath been said of those that that which is hereditary and content with the election of Magistrates which transmits its deliberations to some few and those most able which simply imitates the government of Monarchs most and the People least of all is for the Subjects both better and more lasting then the rest CHAP. XI Places and Examples of Scripture of the Rights of Government agreeable to what hath beene said before I. The beginning of institutive Government from the consent of the People II. Judicature and Wars depend on the will of Supreme Commanders III. That they who have the Chief Authority are by Right unpunishable IV. That without a Supreme Power there is no Government but Anarchy V. That from Servants and Sons there is a simple obedience due to their Lords and Parents VI. Absolute Authority proved by most evident places as well of the New as the Old Testament I. VVE have in the 6. Chapter and the 2. Article so derived the Originall of institutive or politicall Government from the consent of the Multitude that it appears they must either all consent or be esteem'd as Enemies Such was the beginning of Gods Government over the Jewes instituted by Moses If ye will obey my voice induced c. Ye shall be unto me a Kingdome of Priests c. And Moses came and called the Elders of the People c. And all the people answered and said All that the Lord hath spoken we will do Exod. 19. ver 5 6 7 8. Such also was the beginning of Moyses his power under God or of his Vicegerency And all the people saw the thunderings and lightenings and the noyse of the Trumpet c. And they said unto Moyses speak thou unto us and we will hear Exod. 20. 18 19. The like beginning also had Sauls Kingdome When yee saw that Nahash King of the children of Ammon came out against you yee said unto me nay but a King shall raign over us when the Lord your God was your King Now therefore behold the King whom yee have chosen and whom yee have desired 1 Sam. 12. 12. But the major part only consenting and not all for there were certain Sons of Belial who said How shall this man save us and they dispised him 1 Sam. 10. 27. those who did not consent were put to death as Enemies And the people said unto Samuel Who is he that said shall Saul reign over us Bring the men that we may put them to death 1 Sam. 11. 22. II. In the same 6. Chapter the 6. and 7. Articles I have shewed that all Judgment and Wars depend upon the will and pleasure of him who beares the Supreme Authority that is to say in a Monarchy on a Monarch or King and this is confirmed by the Peoples owne judgement Wee also will be like all the Nations and our King shall JUDGE us and goe out before us and fight our BATTELS 1 Sam. 〈◊〉 20. And what pertaines to Judgements and all other matters whereof there is any controversie whether they be Good or Evill is confirmed by the testimony of King Solomon Give therefore thy Servant an understanding heart to JUDGE thy People that I may discerne between GOOD and EVILL 1. Kings 3. 9. And that of Absolom There is no man deputed of the King to heare thee 2. Sam. 15. 3. III. That Kings may not be punished by their subjects as hath been shewed above in the sixth Chapter and the twelfth Article King David also confirmes who though Saul sought to stay him did notwithstanding refrain his hand from killing him and forbad Abishai saying Destroy him not for who ca●● stretch forth his hand against the Lords Anointed and be innocent 1 Sam. 22. v. 9. And when he had cut off the skirt of his garment The Lord forbid saith he that I should doe this thing unto my Master the Lords Anointed to stretch forth mine hand against him 1 Sam. 24. 7. And commanded the Amaleki●e who for his sake had slain Saul to be put to death 2 Sam. 1. 15. IV. That which is said in the 17. Chapter of Judges at the 6. verse In those dayes there was no King in Israel but every man did that which was right in his own eyes as though where there were not a Monarchy there were an Anarchy or confusion of all things may be brought as a testimony to prove the exexcellency of Monarchy above all