s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s L Reare C S 4. sssss sssss sssss D sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 6 E ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 7 S ppppp ppppp ppppp D 2 ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 8 S 2. sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 9. E C S. 2. sssss D pppppppppp D sssss S. 1.  sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss  S. 3. sssss  pppppppppp  sssss S. 4. In this precedent Figure you see the divisions of the Company drawne up into an even body or Battalia all the Fell-leaders standing even in Front together making one Ranke CHAP. LXXV How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one File sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their postures THe Company standing in an even body as the former Figure shewes before the Captaine shall exercise them in grosse as they now stand the easiest readiest and most convenient way is to see every man particularly doe his postures both of Pike and Musquet Wherefore first draw out the body of Pikes from the shot then command the right Wing of shot to face to the left hand and the left Wing of shot to face to the right hand then Marching forwards joyn their Files together so facing as they were makes them stand in an even body That Officer which intends to exercise the Pikes is to draw them into one side of the Field and some other Officer is to take the Musquets and draw them another way a convenient distance apart so that one division may not interrupt the other then either Officers drawing out their Files one following another leading them round into a Ring the Officers standing in the middest every Souldier facing towards him so that hee may see all their actions and likewise they may heare his words of command and observe how hee handles his Armes that they may imitate him and where he sees any one aukeward and ignorant hee is speedily to step to him and to shew him how to demeane himselfe the words of Command and the postures followe in the next Chapter CHAP. LXXVI How an Officer is to demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetieres and how every Souldier is to observe and imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his men as before is shewed himselfe standing in the middest of them taking a Musquet in his hand and Bandelieres about him he shall command silence and being presupposed they stand with their Bandiliers on their match betweene their fingers their Musquets shouldred and their Rests in their hands the Officer commands them to 1 Rest your Musquet This Pocture is performed the Musquet being shouldred First by slipping it then bringing about the right hand and grasping the Musquet at the breech and at the same instant drawing in your right heele to your left ankle with a small jutte of the shoulder you raise the Peece and poise it in the right hand being stretcht out with the Musquet-rest in the left hand likewise stretch'd out then bringing about your left hand and foot you meet the Musquet with your Rest placing it upon the ground aslant from you your Thumbe pressing the side of the Barrell and the Forke of the Rest together your right legge being brought a little forwards standing with a full body towards the mouth of the Peece the But end close to your side above your huckle bone 2 Poise your Musquets This Posture is performed by bringing up the right leg to the ankle of the left the Peece being stayed upon the Rest by the pinching of the Thumbe the right hand at the same motion graspes the Peece at the Breech the middle joynt of the fore-finger plac'd under the Pan the upper joynt next the hand just with the breech-pin the Thumbe upon the inside of the Stocke a little pressing downe the right hand and raising the left with the Rest you receive it and hold it at armes end with the mouth plum upwards the Rest in the left hand with the Arme out-stretch'd the right foot being removed side-wayes at the same instant with the right hand the body will stand full and comely 3 Shoulder your Musquet The Musquet being poised you must bring about your right hand drawing up the heele of your right foot to your left ankle and as your Musquet is ready to touch your left shoulder you must at the same instant bring about your left hand over the But end of the Peece with the Rest in it the ground end of your Rest pointing towards your right thigh joyning the Sear◠of the Peece close to your shoulder Note when you intend to poise it as in the former posture you must turne the point of your Rest inwards towarde your left thigh and withall let the Peece slip a little the Breech will lye fit for the right hand to receive it 4 Take your Rest in your right hand fit for march There needs no great commenting upon this Posture onely when the Musquet is shouldred you are take the Rest into your right hand for to be a stay unto you in your march 5 Take your match betweene the fingers of your right hand This Posture is performed by bringing about your right hand and betweene the fore-finger and thumbe thereof take the Match within an inch of the Cole from betweene the little and third finger of the left hand then holding your right hand out from your body 6. Put your Rest string about your left wrist and carry your Rest in your left hand There needs no great circumstance about this Posture onely you having the Rest in your right hand upon a March you now put on the String upon the left hand holding the Rest in it over the But end of the Musquet by which you are in a readinesse to make present use of it 7 Returne your Match betweene the fingers of the Left hand This Posture is performed having the Match betweene the finger and the Thumbe of the right hand you are to bring your Arme about towards the left hand there placing the Cole end of the Match betweene the middle and third finger thereof the light end to the backe of the hand-ward then taking the other end of the Match and place it in like manner betweene the third and little finger by this meanes it is not troublesome but readie to bee
is to divide the Musquetiers they being drawne into a body as aforesaid into two equall parts or Divisions if there should bee an odde File in one of the Divisions it makes no matter Next you are to draw up your body of Pikes betweene those Divisions of Musquets fronting them with the Musquets in an even line Or otherwise you may draw your Musquetiers upon the left wing of your body of Pikes their Front and Rankes being placed even one against another you are to command the Pikes to open their Rankes and to order their Pikes the Musquetiers are to have all their Musquets Rested Then commanding the right-hand-division only to shoulder their Musquets and to face to the Right-hand Then commanding them to March even through the Rankes of the Pikes an ordinary distance beyond them and causing them to face to the left-hand will bring them into true order with the Pikes Next you are to command the residue or left wing of Musquets to shoulder their Peeces and to face to the right hand and advance them forwards to the side of the Pikes observing their distance betwixt them then facing them to the Left hand makes them stand even with the Pikes Or if you please you may make use of a third way to draw your Musquetiers upon either Wing of your Pikes Your Pikes being first drawne into a square body and your Musquetiers in a like square body being drawne up to the reare of the Pikes You may command them to double their Front to the Right and left hand by Division which is in this kind performed One halfe of the Files of Musqueteirs are to face to the right hand and the other halfe to the left hand either Division marching after they are turned right forwards about sixe foot beyond the flankes of the Pikes Then that Division of Musquetiers which marched towards the left-hand you are to command them to face to the right hand And the division of Musquetiers that marched to the right hand you are to command them to face to the Left Then both the divisions of Shotte at one instant in an even order are to March up by the side of the Pikes untill they front even with them These things being thus performed you are to command your Musquetiers to shoulder their Musquets and slope them You are likewise to command your Pikemen to advance their Pikes and then begin to exercise them in their Motions as followeth having first ordered them in their distance for Motion at six foote both in Ranke and File CHAP. LXXIX How a Commander shall exercise his Company in grosse in their proper Motions after hee hath drawne the Shotte upon either Wing of the Body of Pikes with the words of Command for the performance thereof as also for the reducing them to their first station HAving duly performed those Circumstances specified in the former Chapter and now standing in the head of your Company the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Serjeants upon either Flanke after you have commanded silence and also to stand right in their Rankes and Files you shall command them to Faces to the right hand This Motion is performed only by turning your body to the place where your right hand stood not moving your right foot at all but turning it a little upon the ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this word of Command As you were so turning to the left hand againe brings them to their former station Faces to the left hand This motion is performed by turning your body to the place where your left hand stood bringing your left legge somewhat about and onely turning your right foot a little upon the Ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command As you were so turning off to the right hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the right hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the right hand so that your face stands where your back parts did and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command To the left hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the left hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the left hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the left hand so that your face stands where your backe parts did and to reduce them to their former Station you must use this word of Command To the right hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the right hand brings them to their first Station These motions of facing being perfectly done you shall command the whole Company to front to the right hand and cause them there to begin anew the aforesaid motions where ten to one you shall finde them anew to seeke so fronting them from hand to hand round about will make them perfect otherwise they will be to seeke as oft as you alter your Front CHAP. LXXX Of Facing Square and how to performe it The usefulnesse of Facings and the severall parts thereof FAcings are so usefull and necessary that a Commander may as well dispence with any one of the grounds of Discipline as with them for upon all occasions in Service they are usefull and not onely sooner executed than any other of the motions but may be needfull when wheelings and Counter-marches cannot be used as in a strait There are no more than foure faces intire besides Angular as in the precedent Chapter is shewed But as for your divisionall there be divers which I have omitted Intire Facings are so called when the aspect of the whole Companie is directed one way Divisionall Facings are so called when the aspect of the Souldiers is at one and the same time directed divers wayes as to the Front and Reare the Right the Right and Left or to all foure at once c. Angular Facings are so called when the Aspect of the Companie is directed to the right Corner man which is the right Angle or to the left Corner man which is the left Angle or to the foure Corner men which are termed the foure Angles These Angular Facings amongst the Grecians were of great use for they made use of them by reducing out of the Square a Diamond Battell and from the Diamond they reduc'd two Triangles by cutting or dividing the same in the middest at the two flat Angles and of two Triangles they framed a Sheere Battell and of three or foure Triangles they framed their Saw-Battell c. Now for the instructing of your Souldiers how to Face Square if the body bee but eight in depth you must command the two first Rankes to stand fast likewise the two last Rankes are to face about the rest of the Body are to face to the Right and Left if the Body be deeper then you must command more Rankes to the Front and so likewise to the Reare and in
they differ in circumstance After the words of command and direction are given as is exprest in the margent then the Front halfe Files are to face about to the left the Pikes being all advanced and the Musquetttiers all either poized or shouldred and so being led by the halfe File Leaders to the Reare they March directly forwards to the right of the other part of the body which stood faced in opposition vntill the Leaders of the doubling have ranked even in ranke with the bringers up the rest ranking even with the other standing Rankes according to their places If this doubling be used in service then the whole body is to face about to the reare being the part to be doubled but in way of exercise the Commander may keepe his place and the doubling being performed and the whole body faced to the leader Then for reducement you may command Files to the Right intire adllancing then every man falling before his Leader will reduce each man to his first station Or otherwise you may command Front Halfe-files face about to the Left march forth into your places which they performing accordingly will reduce them Front halfe-files double your Reare to the Right by Countermarch This kind of doubling of the Reare by the Front halfe Files is performed contrary to the former for it is done by way of the Lacedemonian counter-march and doth produce the same effect to the reare as doubling the Front by Bringers up doth into the Front the counter-march by which it is performed is a counter-march of losse of ground where note one part or moitie of the body countermarcheth thereby not altring the number of the length and depth of the figure but onely transferring one part into another You must further observe that if the reare be doubled to the right then the counter-march must bee to the left If the doubling be to the Left then the Countermarch must be to the Left If the doubling bee to the Left then the Countermarch must be to the Right The way to reduce them is if the Commander stand at the head of that part that is doubled to Command Front halfe-halfe-files face about to the Right March forth into your places But if he keepes his first standing and having faced them to him Then Front halfe-halfe-files march forth into your places To double the Reare to the Left is the same onely changing the hand Halfe Rankes to the Right by Countermarch double your left Flanke Halfe-rankes or Flankes are then sayd to be doubled when the depth of the Battalia is increased to double their former proportion of number or place or both this doubling of halfe-rankes to the left Flanke by Countermarch is a doubling of number and not of place for the depth still retaines the same proportion onely augmented by one man but the length of the Battalia is diminished both in number and place the right Flanke being wholly inserted into the left Flanke after the words of Command is given that produceth this motion which you shall finde plac'd in the Margent then the halfe Rankes to the Right are to face to the Right and then even in Ranke together they are to counter March betweene the Intervalls untill to the outmost File to the Right be come into the outmost File of the Left Flancke the body being 20 in Ranke or brest then the second into the nineteenth the third into the eighteenth the fourth into the seventeenth the fifth into the sixteenth and the rest in like manner The use of this doubling is to strengthen one of the Flanckes by bringing more hands to doe present execution the other Flancke being in more surety The way for reducement of this motion is after this manner the halfe Rankes last doubled being faced to the Right then they which were the Last which tooke their places in the motion now are the first which take their places in the reducement orderly Marching in Ranke together untill they come to their places then facing to their Leader they become Files againe The left Flancke may in like manner double the right by Counter-march the difference is this The right Flancke stands the left Flancke is inserted into the Right as before the Right was into the Left Halfe Files double your front to the Right intire If in this doubling of Halfe Files to the Right intire it should be performed as the body stands in an ordinary Square Flanked with Musquetiers then it would produce a mixture of Armes wherefore to avoid this before you enter upon this doubling of passing in through or betweene your halfe Ranckes Cause your halfe Files to double the Front to the Right intire which being performed you may then proceed to the doubling of your Flanckes any way you please without Mixture of Armes This doubling of the Front by Halfe-files to the Right intire is thus performed After the words of Command are given the halfe-files are to face to the Right then marching out forwards untill the left-hand File belonging to the Reere be marcht past the right halfe-file belonging to the Front then facing to the left they march up even abreast untill the File-Leaders of the halfe-files to the Reere bee plac'd even in ranke with the File-leaders of the Front all the rest of the rankes placing themselves even with the other rankes This manner of doubling halfe-files is a doubling both of number and place for the length of the Battell is not onely double so many a-brest as they were before but they also have extended their Length to double their proportion of ground which formerly they did occupie now you are to conceive that this doubling of Halfe Files which I have now discour'st of is performed for this purpose that when the Halfe Rankes of the Right double the Left Flanke there shall by this meanes bee no mixture of Armes Halfe Rankes of the right double your left flanke In the next place let us demonstrate the way how the Halfe Rankes of the Right should double their Left Flanke which is thus performed the Left Flanke stands the Halfe Rankes of the Right are to face to the Left and then the inmost File of the Right Flanke all the Files of the Right Flanke being by this facing become Rankes is the Leader of this motion marching forth Right to their Left hands betweene the Intervalls of the Rankes of the left Flanke untill the twentieth File accounting from the Right Flanke which now is become a Ranke have placed themselves orderly in the fortieth File which is the outmost File of the Left Flanke the nineteenth in the nine and thirty the eighteenth in the eight and thirty and so of all the rest this doubling is of number and not of place For reducement to both these doublings first cause the halfe Rankes which last doubled to face to the Right and so to march out into their places They that last tooke their place in the motion are the first
onely differing in hand The Words of Command which reduceth it are Front halfe-halfe-Files face about to the left March forth into your places Halfe Ranks of the right double your left Flank intire to the right This doubling of the left Flank by advancing the right Flank and placing it before the Leaders of the left Flank which is a doubling both of number and place being very usefull for the strengthning of any Flank where it shall seem needfull And if you desire to have your Musketires to double even with the Musketires of the contrary Flank then you must first cause the half Ranks of the right Flank to march forth-right untill the Rear-Rank of the right Flank be advanced about 3 foot before the Front of the left Flank and then cause that Flank so advanced to counter-march their Ranks to the right and then all your Musketires will be together and the Pikes likewise by themselves The manner of performing this motion according to the words of Command in the Margent is as followeth First the left Flank stands and the right Flank marcheth forth-right untill the Rear of the right Flank be advanced before the Front of the left Flank as before is shewed then face them to the left and cause them to march untill the Pikes are even in Rank with the Musketires which perfects the doubling For the Reducement let the halfe Ranks that doubled face about to the left and march untill they are cleer of the left Flank then cause them to face to the right and to march straight down into their places then the Commander being at his first Front faceth them all to him which reduceth them as at first The left Flank may also double the right Flank intire after the former manner only changing the hand the Command for reducement is Halfe Ranks that doubled face about to the Left march forth into your places Half Ranks of the left double your right Flank by division This motion of doubling Flanks by division doth make a strong form of Battell to give fire three severall waies at once The manner of performing it after the word of Command is given as followeth The Rear half-Files of the left Flank face about to the right and then both the Front half-Files and Rear half-Files march forth-right untill they are clear of that part of the body that stands then each division faceth that way which they are to double which the Front half-Files must do to the right and the Rear half-Files to the left so march forth-right untill the doubling be performed For reducement if the Commander stands at the right Flank which is the part that was doubled then the reducement is as followeth the half Ranks that doubled are to face about inwards and march forth-right untill they are clear of the right Flank which stands then the Front half-Files face to the left and the Rear half-Files to the right and then close their division The Commander going to his first Front and facing the whole body to him they are reduc'd as at first If that the right Flank would double the left Flank by division the way is the same only differing in the hand The words of Command to reduce it are Halfe Ranks that doubled Face about inwards March forth into your places Double your Ranks to the right intire This doubling of Ranks intire to the right is a doubling both of number and place and in some sort worketh the same effect as the doubling of half Files doth to the right intire but differeth in regard of the parties which are the doublers and in the distance left after the doubling The motion of this doubling ought to be thus performed After the word of Command is given for the doubling to the right as in the Margent is exprest then every even Rank faceth to the right The right hand man of each Rank becoming the Leader of his Rank likewise leading them forth and in their March of moving forwards a little bending to the left that when the left-hand man of each Rank which are the bringers up of the motion are clear of the standing part of the body by only facing to the Front they may stand even in Rank with the rest of the Company For reducement of this doubling you must observe that the left-hand men are the Leaders of the motion wherefore command the Ranks that doubled to face to the left and march forth-right into their places Or you may command the halfe Ranks of the right to face to the left and double the left Flank this will work the same effect with the former To double Ranks to the left intire is to bee done after the same manner onely observe the difference of the hand This kind of doubling may also be done by division The words of Command used for this reducemeâ—t are Ranks that doubled face to the left march forth into your places Double your Files to the right intire advancing This kind of doubling of Files intire to the right advancing is also a doubling both of number and place for it increaseth the depth to double their former proportion of number as from ten to twenty It also gaineth so much ground the more before the Front as formerly the Battell did contain by transferring the even Files of the body into the ground before the Front of the odd Files But this doubling doth diminish the number of the length of your Battell although it preserves their place The manner of performing this motion of doubling is thus to be done first the word of Command being given as in the Margent is specified the odd Files are to stand beginning your account from the outmost File to the hand named the Musketires and Pikes of the even Files are to advance their Arms and follow their File-Leaders every File-Leader leading his File forth-right before his next File to the right untill the bringers up of the even Files are orderly placed before the Leaders of the odd Files For reducement Let the Files that doubled face about to the left the bringers up of each File leading them forth-right downe the distance or spaces which are on their left hand untill they are come even with the Rear and then stand and face about to their Commander and they will bee in their first forme and station The doubling of Files to the left intire advancing is after the same manner only differing in the hand The words of Command used for this reducement are Files that doubled face about to the left march forth into your places Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer up This kind of doubling of the depth of Files to the right doth sympathize with the former doubling last discourst of both for number and place only it differeth from the other both in the manner of executing and in some sort of the matter executed for whereas the other doubling by advancing of Files did
divisionall Countermarches of Files Only observe by the way that as the Front half-Files emptieth the spaces of ground between the Leaders and the halfe-File Leaders placing themselves in the ground before the Front So in the mean time their places are to be replenisht by the Souldiers of the Rear halfe-Files who are to march up and supply their roomes File-Leaders and Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Bringers up This divisionall Lacedaemonian Countermarch makes semblance of falling on or charging the enemy both to Front and Rear and leaves all the ground whereon they stood transferring them into the ground before the Front and behind the Rear the ground or place of their former standing being vacant The motion is thus to bee performed The Rear halfe-Files are commanded to face to the Rear and then the Front halfe-Files passe through to the right placing themselves before their Leaders the second Rank before the first the third before the second the fourth before the third c. The Rear halfe-Files at the same instant passing through to the Rear placing themselves before their bringers up To reduce this motion into their former stations if you have not closed their distance you may face them about and so let them returne into their places or else by doing the same Countermarch over againe or to the contrary hand or any such like way will reduce them Note if you reduce them by another Countermarch you must first close their divisions File-Leaders face about Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your File-Leaders and Bringers up This divisionall Macedonian Countermarch doth little differ from the last onely that turned the aspect outwards to the Front and Rear but this Countermarch turnes the aspect inwards toward the midst placing the best souldiers in the midst with a large lane or distance betwixt them through which any great Personage may bee conducted crosse the length of your Battell whereby the bravery of the souldiers may be seene This motion is thus to bee performed The first Rank or File-Leaders face about the last Rank stands the Rear halfe-Files face about and so the Front-division passe forwards and place themselves behind the File-Leaders and the Reare halfe-Files behinde their bringers up Note that when the Rear halfe-Files face about the last Rank which are the bringers up are still to keepe their standing The way to reduce this motion is to bee done either by the same word of Command which produced it or else by any of the precedent divisionall Countermarches Front halfe-Files interchange ground with the Reare passing through to the right This Bastard Countermarch of enterchanging ground is not truely derived from any one particular ground of Countermarch but rather participating of them all and yet in it selfe it differs from them all for whereas the other Countermarches of Files in division did bring their Front and Rear into the midst yet their Front half-Files continued still on the same part and their Rear halfe-Files did not alter into the place of the other But this contrary to any other of the divisionall Countermarches transfers the Front halfe-Files into the ground or place of the Rear halfe-Files and them into the contrary part bringing the File-Leaders and bringers up together into the midst For the performing this motion you must cause the Front halfe-Files to face about passing forwards to the right being led by the bringers up of the Front half-Files between the intervalls towards the Rear The Rear half-Files at the same instant in like manner marching forwards between the intervals on their right hands into the Front untill the Front-division have attained the place of the Rear and they contrariwise the place of the Front For the reducement of this countermarch do as much back again or if you would reduce it some other way you may first make an entire Countermarch of Files and then countermarch Front and Rear into the midst Under two Countermarches it cannot be reduced Countermarch your Flanks into the midst This Chorean Countermarch of the Flanks into the midst by bringing the outermost Files to be the innermost is thus to bee performed You must first command the whole body to face to the right and left hand by division The outermost Files by this facing becomming Ranks every man in the right-hand File being a Leader in his halfe Rank File-wise and so likewise in the left-hand File the same Then you are to countermarch the right Flank to the right and the left Flank to the lelft which you must alwaies observe to doe and your Flanks will meet just in the midst of your Battalia Lastly having faced them to their first Front the Countermarch is ended To reduce them you may either make use of the same Countermarch again or any of these following divisionall Countermarches of Flanks unlesse it bee that of enterchanging of ground Note that upon the Countermarching of Flanks into the midst the right Flank must alwaies observe to turne to the right hand and the left Flank to the left hand for if they should both turn off to the right they will meet wrong or if they turne off both to the left it will be as bad Outmost Files of each Flank face outward the rest passe through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside men This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of half Ranks or Flanks makes shew of charging the enemy with both Flanks but leaves a wast distance of ground unoccupied between the two outermost Files or midst of the Battell the way to performe this motion is after this manner First you must cause your right-hand File to face to the right and the left-hand File to the left the rest of the body faceth to the right and left the right Flank passing through to the right and placing themselves before their right-hand men the second File from the right begins the motion on the right Flank the left Flank in right manner passing through to the left and placing themselves before their left-hand men the second File accounting from the left begins the motion on the left Flank but you must note that the Files become Ranks with the facing For reducement if you will first face them to their proper Front you must command the two inmost Files to stand the rest are to passe through to the right and left-hand inwards and take their place or you may make use of a Chorean or a Macedonian Countermarch of Ranks by division and with a facing and closing their divisions they will bee in their first forme The out most File of each Flanke face inwards the rest passe through to the right and left placing your selves behinde your outside men This Macedonian Counter-March corespondes with the last onely it differs in turning the Aspct inwards whereas the former directed their Aspects outwards and it is thus performed The
outmost Files of each Flanke are to face inwards and the rest of the body are to face to the right the left are to face outward those of the right Flanke passing through the right and placing themselves behind their right hand men those of the left Flanke passing through to the left and placing themselves behind their left hand men the motion is to be begun by the second File from each Flank For the reducement of this Counter-March you must first face them to their first Front then commanding the two innermost Files to face outwards and the rest are to passe through to the right and left inward placing themselves behind their right and left hand men which being done the whole body will stand faced to the right and left outwards then being faced to their Leaders they are reduced into their first stations Or you may make use of the Counter March next before or of the next following or of any other divisionall Counter-March of Rankes which doe not interchange ground The outmost file of each flanke stand the rest passe through to the right and left place your selves on the outside of your right and left hand men This divisionall Bastard Counter-March produceth the same effect which the other two next before it wrought onely differing in the Aspect for the Lacedemonian turned the Aspect outwards the Macedonian turned the Aspect inwards and this keepes the aspect still directed the same way To performe this motion you must command the outmost File of each Flanke to stand the rest of the body are to face to the right and left outwards viz the right Flanke passing through to the right and the left Flanke to the left those of the right Flanke placing themselves on the outside of their right hand men in like manner those of the left Flanke are to place themselves on the outside of their left hand men It may be reduced eyther by any of the foregoing divisionall Counter-Marches of Rankes or else being faced to any of the Flankes then the Rankes become Files And by divisionall Counter-marches of Files you may reduce devisionall Counter-marches of Rankes or by Rankes Files onely you must observe some facings yet you may reduce this motion by commanding the two inmost Files to stand the rest are to face to the right and left inwards and so march into their places Interchange Flanks This exchanging of Flankes or Bastard Counter-march is differing from all the other divisionall Counter-marches of Rankes for this transferres the right Flanke into the place of the left and the left Flanke into the place of the right it is very proper to receive a sudden charge from the horse for so soone as they shall bee commanded to enterchange their Flankes they face to the right and left inwards and then the inmost Files of the Pikes begins the motion the rest of each Flanke following orderly likewise the Pikes are to port so soone as they begin to move and are to charge as they see occasion if neede bee the Pikes may charge at the foot the Musquetiers giving fire over their shoulders if the Pikes have too large a distance they may close at their owne pleasures as soone as they have past through For reducement you may interchange ground againe or otherwise you may Counter-march your Flankes into the middest and then an intire Counter-march eyther of Rankes or Files will reduce them And this shall suffice to finish this discourse of Counter-marches wishing every commander to be ready and well verst in all of them but principally to make use of the three first intire Counter-marches of Files as also the same of Rankes for those you cannot possibly omit in your drillings the rest you may dispense with all at your pleasure And having thus exercised your men in these motions of Counter-march the next things you are to teach them are wheelings and they are of two kinds as in the next Chapter shall more fully be demonstrated CHAP. LXXXVI How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in the motions of wheeling with the description of their kindes and uses with their severall words of command placed in the Margent WHeelings are of two kindes viz. wheelings Anguler and wheelings on the Center and these are eyther intire or divisionall The use of intire wheelings is to turne the Aspect of the front proper eyther to the right to the left or to the reere eyther for the gayning of the Wind Sunne or some such like advantages or to entertaine their enemy with their best Souldiers and for your better performing of these motions of wheelings you must first close both your Rankes and Files to their order which is three foote both in Ranke and File and likewise upon all wheelings you must be sure to observe your Leader and follow him keeping your due distance your Musquets are all eyther to be poyzed or shouldred your Pikes are to be advanced further observe that upon the exercise of the motions whether it be distance facings doublings or Counter-marches or wheelings the Musquetiers ought to bee all upon one and the same Posture eyther poyzed or shouldred and the Pikes in like manner eyther shouldred or advanced the words of command followes in the Margent and the directions how to performe the motions right against them Wherefore first you are to command them to Wheele your Battell to the right This Anguler wheeling transferres the Aspect or Countenance of the front proper into that part which was the right Flanke it also remove the Battallia from the ground whereon formerly it stood and placeth it on the part before the front the Hinge of the motion is the right corner man which hath the leading of the right hand File he with a gentle motion moveth to the right and every man the more remote his place is from the right Angle the swifter must be his motion because he is to go a greater circumstance For reducement wheele your Battallia to the left in the like manner as it was wheeled to the right but withall note that this will not bring you backe into the same ground you formerly stood on because it hath advanced you the length of your Battallia before the place of your first Front wherefore to reduce you into the same place you stood on first you must face your Battallia to the right and being so faced whele your Battell to the left which being performed face to the left and then they are compleately reduced to their first forme and station This also is an Angular wheeling and transferreth the Aspect of the Front proper towards the Reere it is performed after the same manner of the former onely the motion is twise as much wherefore observe the directions in the former Note the ground you formerly did possesse will bee twise the length of your Battallia to the left of your left Flanke For the reducing them as well to their first ground as their first aspect you must
the conductor of them become into the Front of the Pikes then he is to leade them quite crosse the Front of Pikes untill he have attained the further part of the Front to the left which being done they are all to stand present and give fire You must observe withall that he in this firing that was the right hand man of the Ranke and was the Leader of the motion now becomes the left hand man when he gives fire and when they have fired they are to wheele off to the left close by the left flanke of Pikes and so to fall into the Reere of the Musquetiers In the Interim whilst that the Ranke that first fired is wheeling away the second ranke is marching into their places to give fire And in this maner they may maintaine their skirmish so long as they please the Pikes either porting or charging all the while The Musquetiers in their time of their crossing the Front are to couch or stoope under their Pikes that they may be no impediment to them in their charge There is another way of firing by extraduction which is that the Right hand Leader of Musquetiers placeth himselfe before the right File Leader of Pikes the rest all faling beyond him but this is a more imperfect way then the former and not worth the further describing For Reducement you must command your Pikes to stand and your Musquets to double their Front by division But if you want roome to doe it then first double your Files to the contrary hand of that which you doubled your rankes and so having doubled by division as a foresaid they will be reduced as at first Wheele your flankes into the front face to your Leader The firings belonging to a broad fronted battell are of singular use either offensive or defensive The words of direction that produceth this forme is in the Margent and the maner of performing it is thus first cause your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers to march untill the reere ranke of Musquetiers be advanced a little space before the Front of the Pikes then let the Musquetiers face inwards or in opposition and close their division and then face to their Leaders And if you would bring more hands to fight double rankes to any hand But the speediest way to produce thus forme is to wheele both flankes into the Front For the manner of firing there are Intervalls made for each division to the right that so they may either fall into the reere of the shot and there continue the firing or else fall into the reere of the Pikes and be thereby secured from the enemies horse Wherefore be pleased to observe the words of Command whereby this forme is produced which is placed in the Margent For the performance of this firing the first ranke is to present and give fire then wheele off to the right all passing downe the Intervalls to the right and placing themselves in the reere of their owne shot the Musquetiers making good their Leaders ground Likewise after the next rankes have fired they are after the former Manner to wheele off and to place themselves This way they may give fire once or twise over and then make use of a second way And that is to place themselves in the reere of the Pikes either standing or advancing Or if neede be the Pikes may close their divisions and charge at the foote the Musquetiers giving fire over them For Reducement If you make this forme of battell by wheeling your flankes into the front and there having given fire as foresaid Then you must cause them to give fire over againe and so fall into their former places for you must observe that the second firing will cause the body to face to the Reere which then becomes a Front accidentall and then by wheeling your Flankes into the Front againe and facing them about to the right will bring them into their first station or if you would reduce them without giving of fire over againe then you must Command your shot to double their Front by division that being done you are to wheele both Flankes into the Reare then facing to their Leaders you must againe Command the Musquetiers to double their Front by division and they will be in their first forme and station CHAP. XC How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere with the severall wayes there to belonging and how they ought to be performed HAving in the former discourse shewed the diverse and sundry wayes of giving fire in the Front It seemes now requisit I should doe the same Office in demonstrating the severall wayes of giving fire in the Reere Wherefore after the Commander hath taught his Souldiers these wayes or at least the chiefest of them in giving fire in the Front he must performe the like paines in exercising them in their firings in the Reere And first having Commanded them to face about into the Reere or wheele them about or performe it by Counter marching The Company we presuppose stands in Battallia with the wings of shot upon each flanke of the body of Pikes the Pikes being shouldred you may cause them to march easily forwards the Enemie being supposed to appeare in the Reere Command your last ranke of Musquetiers to face about present and give fire wheeling off by division File-wise marching uptoward the Front and there placing themselves before the foremost ranke of shot the outmost man of each ranke being the Leader up of those which have fired where first taking their place on the outside the rest wheeling about them and ranking even with them on the inside ever observing that they ranke even with the second ranke of Pikes the rest of the shot also doing the like and in this manner to continue the firing as occasion shall require This kinde of firing may easily be performed if Souldiers will but observe these following directions viz when the last ranke of Musquetiers have presented to the reere and are giving of fire then the ranke which marcheth next before them must blow open and present at three motions still keeping along even with the body of Pikes untill that lastly they present to the reere by which time the ranke that last fired will be wheeled away The next ranke so soone as the other hath presented is likewise at three motions to doe the same and so successively for all the rest every ranke observing upon each rankes firing to loose one and to march one ranke neerer to the reere of the battell that so that part may still be kept absolute Captaine Swan at the giving over of Deventer in Gilderland by Stanly and Yorke did defend himselfe from the enemies Horse by giving fire in the reere untill he had gained a place of strength which honorable performance will never be buried in oblivion But suppose the Enemies horse shall still pursue your troopes in the reere you having gained some straight or place of aduantage
beene a powerfull Armie in the heart of the Kingdome to have kept them in obedience that they might have strengthned their dejected conceits upon their hope of victory which might possibly have beene gained by this Armie the Lords Spirituall and Temperall would never have yeelded themselves with the Citty of London to the mercy of the Conquerour but this is onely by the way Now these Troopes of Dragoones being well exercised and practised as they ought let any sensible man judge if they shall not prove in time of neede most usefull in regard of their speedy March CHAP. CXIX The Order of Exercising a Horse Troope in their Motions being drawne in Battalia TO pretermit all further circumstances presupposing that every Souldier is perfect in his postures it is now high time to draw out in Battalia as before is demonstrated that they may the better be exercised in Grose and the more commodiously taught their Motions which every Souldier using silence is to performe according as he shal be commanded as this following figure doth demonstrate where note there are â—20 horse drawne in Battalia ready to be exercised and standing at their open order of sixe foote being the space of ground allowed betweene horse and horse Front H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h Right Flanke Reare As you were To the left hand As you were Front H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H h h h h h H Reare To the left hand a-bout To the Right hand about as you were h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Rankes to the Right hand double Rankes as you were HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Rankes to the left hand double Rankes as you were hHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhH o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Files to the right hand double Files to the left hand as you were 29 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H ó H H o H o H o H o H o H o H o H o H o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h Files to the left hand double Files as you were or Rankes to the right hand double 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H â— H o H o H o H o H o H o H o H o H o H o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o Halfe Files to the right hand double your Front Halfe Files as you were HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
wresty Horse goe forwards How to make a shie horse gentle How to make a horse hardy and bold in the warres By trotting the Ring you may embolden your Horse The Dragoones are the fittest to give the on set because they doe their execution at a further distance The Firelocke is â—â—rest to give fire and not so apt to be out of 〈◊〉 besides they will indure Spâ—nd 24. houres together without â—urting them Description of a Ranke Description of a File Twentie in length That the Troope may move orderly and keepe their distances truely let the whole Troope move all at an instant viz. when the Front moves then the Reare to be ready so shall they bee seldome found to erre In Marching or Trooping through a Towne forget not to have your Peeces spand and holding them in your hand with their mouthes upwards and the butt end resting upon your thigh The Figure of the foure Divisions drawne into Battallia The distinctions of the sounds of Trumpet described The proportion of powder usually required for a true charge of any peece is almost halfe the weight in powder of the bullet Some will not have a Cuirassiere to give fire untill he hath plac't his Pistoll under his enemies armour You may place the Pumâ—ell of your Sword upon your right thigh and directing it with your right hand to the place you intend to hit viz. the belly or arme pits or his throat They must be taught to be excellent marks-men for the manner of handling them the directions of the Pistoll may serve for instruction Edmunds observation upon Câ—sars Com. In those Kingdomes that are fortified with strong Garrison Townes there shall neede no such armâ— for those townes are ready to performe the same Office that this Armie should doe * The forme of their standing in Battalia ready for exercise To cause them to face to the right hand is performed by commanding * To the right hand This motion is performed by turning all at once and the same time to the right hand Thus the Front is where the right Flanke was To reduce them to their first forme the word of command is This is performed by turning to the left hand from thence to face them to the left you command This is performed by turning towards the left from hence they are to be reduced by commanding Which they doe by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reare though it be most proper to doe it by the right hand yet for the more ready way you must command This is performed by turning towards the left hand untill their faces Front to that place which was before the Reare To reduce them to their first forme the word of Command is Every other ranke passeth into the rank before them upon the right hand of his leader To reduce them the word of Command is Which is best done by causing those rankes which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance This motion differs nothing from the former onely where as before they doubled to the right now they double to the left hand of their Leaders To reduce them the word of Command is To performe this the second File passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman this must be done throughout the Company at one instant the o are the places where the Files that removed did stand They are reduced by commanding The difference betweene this and the former motion is the difference of hands so that those Files that before moved are now to stand view the Figure They are reduc't by commanding To performe this the middlemen double the first ranke on the right hand the other two Rankes double the two folowing Rankes as is manifest in the Figure To reduce them the word is But in regard of the combersomnesse of the horse in turning to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance This motion onely differs from the former in the hand The reducing of them is shewed in the former motion In this motion the last Ranke passeth into the first and so successively as the Figure demonstrates it They are reduced by saying For the convenient turning of the horse it is best to beginne with the left hand This Figure is after the Corean manner There are divers other formes of countermarching which are to be performed as well by Rankes as by Files as the Lacedemonian and Macedonian but in regard of brevity they are here omitted All the Files are to close from the right and left towards the middle of the body Note when you intend to wheele your Files must first be closed and then the Rankes and when you command them to open againe the Rankes are first and then the Files To performe this all the Rankes move forwards saving the first which standeth the second ranke being advanc't up to its distance stands so all the rest When the horses are to wheele the Commander must take a reasonable Compasse for they cannot possibly doe it in such exact manner as the foote for they must be allowed a farre greater space in regard of the combersomenes of the horse To performe this motion all the body moveth to the left upon the left file leader as the Center The wheeling to the left hand is the readiest way unlesse some impediments hinders wherefore that is first nominated although it bee more proper to begin with the right the wheeling to the right is for brevity omitted To reduce them wheele to the right hand as you were There is also wheeling to the right or left about wheeling wings into the front they are here omited for brevitie To reduce them into their first order first the Rankes are to be opened then the files In opening the rankes the best way is to doe it by opening forwards It was attributed to Iason Foure kindes of Rhombes â— described Euelide defineth a Rhombe to be a square Figure that hath the sides equall but the Angles not right viz. the foure-sides of the square are of one and the same length but the points which make the Angles are two of them stretched out in length and become more sharpe the other two are more blunt than a Tetragonall square A Rhombe neither filing nor ranking The Thess alonians used this forme of imbattelling their Troopes The termes used by Commanders in former ages as Pâ—li l. 4. 217. A Rhombe ranking but not filing Leo Chap. 5. Sect. 3. and Cap. 6. Sect. 39. Leo Cap 7. Sect. 81 Cap. 14. Sect. 70. Leo Cap 14. Sect. 108 109. Plutarch in Liâ—urgo Leo Cap. 12. Sect. 4â— Their horse Troopes charged the Enemy in Phalang and not by rankes as we doe Leo ibidem reade Bingham upon Aliâ—ns Tacticks pag. 106. Caesar against Pompey did the like and Eâ—aâ—mondas against the Lacedemonians Soâ—e Generalls have 〈…〉 range 〈…〉 second 〈…〉 by a large 〈…〉 â—ront 〈…〉 but 〈…〉 Flank◠〈…〉 battell to 〈…〉 Inâ—anâ—ry Not to charge the enemies foote Troopes
of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-end of it you charge it as before
the viewing the subsequent Figure you shall the better understand the manner of performing this motion of Square Facing Face Square and March Proper Front Front accidentall Front accident all The Front of the Reere The Words of Command commonly used to produce this precedent Figure are these as followeth if they be 10 in depth and 20 in Ranke The first three Rankes stand The three last Rankes face about The rest of the Body face to the Right and Left then March all To reduce them to their first Order Face all about to the Right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader who then stands at his Front proper Another way of facing Square and Marching upon it The Front proper The Front of the left Flanke The Front of the right Flank The Front of the Reere The words of Command customarily used to produce this Figure are these as followeth Musquetiers face to the right and left Halfe-files of Pikes faces about to the right then March all To reduce them to their former order Face all about to the right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader In the next Chapter I shall shew the manner of Opening and Closing both of Files and Rankes and then some instructions of doubling them with their use and parts CHAP. LXXXI The manner of opening and closing both of Rankes and Files and how to double them with the use and parts thereunto belonging IN the opening and closing of Rankes and Files there are divers things considerable as first in the motion of Files you are to observe your Leader Secondly in your motion of Rankes you are to observe your right-hand 〈◊〉 Thirdly when Files open to the right the Left-hand-file must stand fast every 〈◊〉 taking 〈◊〉 distance from the File next his left hand Fourthly when they open to the Le then the right hand File stands every File taking his distance from the File next his Right hand Fiftly in closing of Files if it be to the right then contrary to the opening the right-hand-Right-hand-file stands the rest closing to the right taking then Distance from their next right hand-hand-file Sixthly if you close to the left then the left-hand-Left-hand-file stands the rest of the Files closing to the left taking their distance in like manner Seventhly when Files close to the right and left then they close inwards taking their distance from the Files within them neerer to the middest of the body Eighthly note when Files are commanded to open to the right and left or by division it must be outward Likewise you must observe when Rankes open forwards then the last Ranke stands every Ranke taking his distance from the Ranke next behind him Secondly when they open backwards then the first Ranke is to stand and every Ranke is to take his distance from the Ranke next before him Thirdly if Rankes close to Front and Reare then the first and last Ranke stands the other taking their distances from them Fourthly if they close Rankes towards the Center or middest then they close towards their two middlemost rankes Lastly you are to observe that in opening of Files and Ranks you are in the acting of it either to face to the right or to the right about these things being considered and you hauing commanded them to even their Rankes and straighten their Files you are to use these words of Command following Rankes and Files to your close order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your Order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your open order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your double distance Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your open order Files close to the right Rankes close forwards to your order Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your close order Files open to the Left Rankes open backwards to your order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your open order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your double distance Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your open order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your close order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your open order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your double distance Files Rankes close to the right and left inward middest to your open order These motions being performed by the Souldiers fairly and with out mistakes you may proceed to exercise them in their doublings and shew them their use and parts as the following Chapter will direct CHAP. LXXXII How an Officer shall exercise his Company in doubling of their Rankes and Files with the use thereof and the severall parts and branches thereto belonging THe use of doublings were invented for the strengthening of any part of the Battell according to the discretion of the wise Commander and are distinguished into these two generalls viz. doublings of length and doublings of depth Doubling of Rankes doth make the number double so much as was before whereby the length of the Battell is extended to the double proportion of ground Doubling of Files or Flankes doth likewise double the number in depth as the former did in length and before wee proceed to particularize these doublings let us take notice of these observations following First that in this motion of doubling there is one part of the body stands firme and the other part moves viz. the standing part is to be doubled the part moving are those that double Secondly observe that the distance for particular and divisionall doublings is open Order in Ranke and File Thirdly observe that the ordinary doublings of Rankes and Files is or ought to be performed by three steps viz first stepping forth with that foote which is next unto the place named Fourthly in the reducement to your former station you must returne by the contrary hand Fifthly observe in doubling of Rankes and Files viz if you double Rankes either to the right or left hand if you double your Files to the contrary hand reduceth them into their former station or in doubling of Files to either hand doubling of your rankes to the contrary will reduce them Lastly observe the severall parts or branches of doublings which are Doublings of First Rankes Secondly Halfe-Files Thirdly Bringers up Fourthly The Reare Fifthly Files Sixthly Halfe-Rankes The first is doubling of Rankes which is performed when every Even-ranke is doubled into the Odde The second is when the halfe Files double their Rankes forwards into the Front The third is when the Bringers-up double their Rankes forwards into the Front The fourth is when the Front halfe Files doubleth the Reare these first foure being doublings of Rankes causeth the length of the Battell to be extended either simply in number
or both in number and place The fift is the ordinary doubling of Files viz. every one of the even Files being inserted into the odde Files accounting from the hand named The sixt and last is the doubling of halfe Rankes which is to be understood when one Flanke doubles the other either by passing through Counter-march doubling entire or divisionall The words of Command most properly used for doublings Rankes to the Right Left double Rankes as you were Files to the Right Left double Files as you were Bringers up double your Rankes forward to the right Bringers up face about to the left march forth into your places Bringers up double your Rankes forward to the left Bringers up face about to the right march forth into your places Files to the right and left double Outward Inward Files as you were Halfe Files double your Rankes forward to the right Halfe Files face about to the left march forth into your places Halfe Files double yur Rankes forwards to the left Halfe Files face about to the right march forth into yrur places Front halfe Files face about to the Left And double the Reare to the right March forth into your places Front halfe Files face about to the right And double the Reare to the left March forth into your places Front Halfe-files double the Reare to the Right by Counter-march Front Halfe-files face about to the left March forth into your places Front Halfe-files double the Reere to the left by Counter-march Front Halfe-files face about to the right March forth into your places Halfe Rankes to the Right by Counter-march double your Left Flanke Halfe-rankes that doubled face to the Right March forth into your places Halfe-Rankes to the left by Counter-march double your Right flanke Halfe-rankes that doubled face to the Left March forth into your places Halfe-rankes of the Right double your left flanke Halfe-rankes that doubled face to the right March forth into your places Halfe Rankes of the left double your right flanke Halfe-rankes that doubled face to the left March forth into your places Halfe-files double your front to the right intire Halfe-files face about to the left March forth into your places Halfe-files double your front to the left intire Halfe-files face about to the right March forth into your places Halfe-files double your front inward intire Halfe-files face about to the right March forth into your places Halfe-files double your front by division Halfe-files face about to the right and left March forth into your places Front halfe-files double your Reare by Division Front halfe-files face about to the right and left inward March to your places Front halfe-files double your reare to the right intire Front halfe-files face about to the left March forth into your places Front halfe-files double your Reare to the left intire Front halfe-files face about to the right March forth into your places Halfe-rankes of the right double your left flanke intire to the right Halfe-rankes that doubled face about to the left March forth into your places Halfe-rankes of the left double your right flankes intire to the left Halfe-rankes that doubled face about to the right March into your places Halfe-rankes of the right double your left flanke by Division Halfe-rankes that doubled face about to the right and left inward March forth into c. Double your Rankes to the right intire Rankes that doubled face to the left March forth into your places Double your Rankes to the left intire Rankes that doubled face to the right March forth into your places Double your Rankes by Division Rankes that doubled face to the right and left inward March forth into your places Double your Files to the right intire advancing Files that doubled face about to the left March forth into your places Double your files to the left intire advancing Files that doubled face about to the right March forth into your places Files double your depth intire to the Right Left Files that doubled as you were Files double your depth to the Right every man falling behinde his Bringer-up Files that doubled as your were Thus have I runne over the Words of Command whereby the doubling both of Rankes and Files are produc'd and also the aptest way and termes to reduce them to their first forme and station as for demonstrating them by Figure it would bee too tedious in regard I am to discourse of all the parts belonging to the Body of Warre wherefore I shall onely exemplifie them by discourse in the following Chapter CHAP. LXXXIII Directions how to performe those severall kindes of doublings and how to reduce them againe according to the fore-going Words of Command for producing and reducing them HAving spoken briefly in the fore-going Chapter concerning the severall kindes of doublings and mentioned both the words of Command which produceth them and also the words of Direction for the reducing of them to their first Forme and Station In this Chapter I shall endeavour to set downe briefe directions how they may best be performed with the readiest way for the executing of them The Words of Command you shall finde in the Margent which produceth each severall motion of doubling both of Rankes and Files Rankes to the Right double This doubling of Rankes to the Right is naught else but the inserting of the Even-rankes into the Odde-rankes wherein you must note that in the doubling of Rankes the Even-rankes are to double into the Odde beginning alwayes to reckon from the first Ranke so that the second Ranke doubles into the first entring in upon the Right hand of him that stands in the Ranke right before him and so stands even a-Brest with them The fourth Ranke after the same manner doubles upon the right hand of him that stands before him in the third Ranke The sixt Ranke after the same manner doubles into the fifth Ranke The eighth into the seventh and the tenth into the ninth So that the Right-hand man of that Ranke that doubleth to the Right is alwayes to take his place upon the outermost side of the Right-hand man of that Ranke that was doubled the rest of his Ranke doing accordingly After the same manner it is to be performed to the Left hand onely now you are to take the left hand of him that stands in the Ranke before you after the same manner as before you did the Right For the reducing of them those Rankes that doubled must turne off to the contrary hand of that they doubled unto The Command is Rankes as you were Or otherwise you may reduce them by commanding the Leaders to draw out their Files viz. those Rankes that doubled are to stand firme and those that were doubled are to march out untill their last Ranke be a pretty distance before the first Ranke of them that doubled and then they are to step into their Even distances and stand even in Ranke and File as before Files to the Left double The words of Command which produceth this
doubling of Files is placed in the Margent And the way to performe it is as followeth First each of the even Files doubleth into the odde Files beginning from the hand named as in this doubling of Files to the Left The left-hand-Left-hand-file stands fast and the second File doubleth into it by stepping behinde his Left-hand-man at three steppes The fourth File doubleth into the third and so for the rest If your Command be to double your Files to the right then contrariwise the Right-hand-file stands fast the rest of the even Files doubling into the odde accounting from the Right as before from the Left And by the way observe that as in doubling of Rankes any way you are to observe your Right-hand leader So in doubling of Files you are to observe your File-leader so that as neere as possibly may bee you may either in Ranke or File be altogether in one motion Also take notice that this kind of doubling is a doubling of number and not of place for the depth of the Battel is not thereby extended the words of Command used for the reducing of them is Files as you were Bringers up double your Rankes forward to the Right In this doubling of Rankes by Bringers-up as likewise in all other of like nature they that are to move are first to advance their Armes in the next place they must bee sure to observe their Right-hand-men This doubling of Rankes by Bringers-up differeth from the other doubling of Ranks before demonstrated both in quantity and qualitie In quantitie it differeth in regard the other leaves a large distance betweene Ranke and Ranke being double the distance they formerly stood at This contrariwise continuing and preserving the same distance they formerly stood at betweene each Ranke It differeth also in quality because it brings the best and second sort of Souldiers together into the Front The words of Command and direction whereby this motion is produced is placed in the Margent The manner of performing this Motion is thus the tenth or last Ranke which are the bringers up are to passe forwards even in ranke through or betweene the Intervals to the right of them that stand before them untill they come even in Ranke with the Front the ninth Ranke following those which marched from behind them placing themselves in the second Ranke The eight eight Ranke in the third The seventh Ranke in the fourth The sixt ranke or Halfe-files in the fifth or reare of the front halfe-files This doubling maketh a very able Front in bringing the ablest Souldiers together and although the depth of the Battell bee diminished yet the length of it is double in number this doubling is in quantity of number not of ground When you march into your places you must not forget that the Ranke which last toke his place in the execution of this Motion must first march into his place in the way of reducement for as they are led forth by their bringers up contrariwise they are led off by their halfe-file Leaders As for the doubling the Front to the Left hand by Bringers up it is the same onely differing in this that whereas it was to the Right this must bee performed to the Left The Words of Command and direction for reducement of this motion is Bringers up face about to the left march forth into your places Files to the right and left double outwards I will in the first place describe the manner of doubling of Files outwards which worketh the same effect as to double Files to the right and left for the right Flanke is to double to the right and the left Flanke to the left by this doubling of Files to the right and left outwards both the Flankes at one instant are strengthened by doubling their number in depth but it weakeneth the inward part where it taketh two Files cleane away leaving a large intervall in the midst after the word of command is given the outmost File of each Flanke stands and the second File doubles into them the third from each Flanke stands and the fourth File doubles into the third the sixt into the fift and so likewise of all the rest Note that in doubling of Files you must alwayes step behinde the side-man that you are to double into If you would double Files to the right and left inwards it is to be done the contrary way for whereas in the precedent doubling the outmost Files stand and the other doubling outwards in to them Contrariwise in this the two inmost Files shall stand and the rest are to double inwards to them and whereas in the other there is a larger distance in the midst then in any other part but in this doubling inwards the midst will be as close as any other part the words of Command for the reducing of them into their first forme is Files as you were Then the Files which doubled inwards upon the right Flanke are to turne off to the right and those of the left Flanke to the left and so step into their places This doubling of rankes forewards by halfe-files is a motion generally approved of to be very serviceable It differeth from the other doublings by Bringers-up in quality though not in quantity for in quantity they keepe one and the same proportion In quality it differs thus the doubling by Bringers-up doth bring the best and second sort of Souldiers together into the Front the fourth and third sort into the Reare so that the Reare is 4 7 worse then the front But this doubling by halfe-files brings the best and the third together into the front and leaves the second and fourth in the Reare so that the Front is made more able then the Reare by 1 3. Halfe-Files double your Rankes forwards to the right It differeth like wise in motion thus for whereas in the other doubling by Bringers-up the motion was begun by the last ranke ever ranke following the ranke which came from behind him But this contrariwise is directly led forth by the sixt ranke from the front they being ten deepe in File and so is executed more surely and suddainly After the words of Command are give as you see placed in the Margent then the sixt ranke passing up into the first the seventy ranke into the second the eighth Ranke into the third and so for the rest For the reducement the words of Command are Halfe-Files face about to the left march forth into your places Then as the motion was led on by the halfe File Leaders so in the Reducement they are led off by the Bringers up You may double your halfe-Files to the left after the same manner of the former only changing to the contrary hand Front halfe Files face about to the left and double your reare to the right This doubling the Reare by front halfe Files is differing from the doubling last discourst of more in manner then matter For they both correspond in Substance onely
transferre all the even Files into the ground before the Front contrariwise this doubling doth transfer them into the ground next behind the Rear And as in the other doublings half the File-Leaders did remain in the Front and the other halfe were halfe-File-Leaders Now in this doubling halfe the File-Leaders are to remain in the Front and the other half are brought down and plac'd in the last Rank of the Rear and those which were Bringers up are now in this motion become the middlemost Ranks The manner of performing this doubling is thus first having given the word of Command that produceth this motion as is specified in the Margent then every man falling behind his Bringer up the even Files accounting from the hand named immediately are to face about to the right and the Bringers up of each of the even Files are to turne behind the Bringers up of the odd Files that stand And so every man as hee commeth downe to the Reare turneth to the left behind him that marcheth down the next before him untill those that were Leaders of the even Files are become the Bringers up to those that were the odd Files The reducement is thus to bee performed according to the words of Command used for that purpose Bringers up that now are double your Ranks forwards to the left The instructions for this doubling the Ranks forwards by the Bringers up into the Front is discourst of in the beginning of this Chapter where you shall find in the Margent the manner of doubling of Ranks by the Bringers up described In the next Chapter following I shall endeavour to shew the difference between Inversion and Conversion with the words of Command and Reducement belonging to those motions CHAP. LXXXIIII Of Inversion and Conversion with their words of Command whereby those motions are produc'd and the way of reducing them described FOR Etymologie of these words you may be pleased to observe that Inversion doth alwaies produce File or Files and Conversion Rank or Ranks Inversion consists of the Files filing or of Ranks filing but Coversion consists of Ranks ranking to the right or left Or by increase of Files ranking by even or uneven parts and of Ranks wheeling to the right or left But in performing these motions there is a larger distance of ground required than in any other motion The words of Command with their severall reducements are as followeth Files File on to the Right Left This word of Command is performed by causing the right-hand File to march away single the second File from the right falleth into the Rear of the first the third behind the second the fourth behind the third so consequently all the rest of the Files fall into the Rear of their next right-hand Files untill all the whole Company become one File This was invented to passe narrow Bridges or straight Paths in Woods where but one at once can passe for the reducing of these into their former stations the word of Command is File-Leaders Lead up your Files as your were which is performed every File-leader leading up his File to the left of him that marcheth before him until all the File-leaders are even in Rank together and their Files orderly following of them For the Files filing on to the left may bee performed after this precedent manner only altering the hand c. This filing by division is to bee performed after the same manner the precedent was onely this difference that Files File to the right and left by division The right-hand File of the Companie and the left-hand File of the same begin to leade forth at one and the same time in their severall places viz. The Files of the right Flank falling likewise behind the right-hand File the Files of the left Flank falling in like manner behind the left-hand File so that if the bodie of Pikes bee flankt with Musketires then this filing by division bringeth all the Musketires into the Front-division and the Pikes into the Rear of them The word for reducement is File-Leaders Leade up your Files as you were Ranks File to the Right Left To performe this all the Ranks are to bee inverted to the outmost File to the right Wherefore let all your Files bee closed to their order or close order and your Ranks opened either forwards or backwards to double distance or twice double distance according to your number of men in Rank Then let every Rank move after his right-hand man untill all the Ranks stand right in one File after the right-hand Leader of his Rank If the Commander will performe this upon a March then the Ranks shall not need to bee opened to any distance but let them take their distance in the execution of it which is the easiest way thus to performe it viz. The right-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right all his Rank facing to the right and marching likewise after him The right-hand man of the second Rank falling immediately after the left-hand man of the first Rank all his Rank in like manner following of him The right-hand man of the third Rank falleth into the File after the left-hand man of the second his Rank likewise following of him and so of all the rest of the Ranks untill they become one File this kind of filing by Ranks is sooner performed than Files filing and is readier to bee reduc'd to make resistance against any opposition in the Front The word of Command to reduce them is Files Ranke as you were The manner to performe this reducement is if they were ten men in the formost Rank then the first tenne men rank to the left into the Front as they were at first The next ten men next after them which makes the second Rank The third ten men ranking to the left makes the third Rank and so of all the rest untill they be reduc'd into their first forme or station As for Ranks filing to the left c. it is to be performed after this very same manner only it differeth in the hands for in this the left-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right and all his Rank facing to the left marcheth likewise after him and so of the rest If you desire to avoid the mixture of Armes you may march forwards your Musketires of each division and close them before the Pikes and invert them first or you may march forwards your Pikes first and leave the Muskets to come in the Rear or you may invert the Front-division of Shot then the Pikes and last the Rear-division of Shot Ranks File to the Right Left Ranks filing to the right and left is a doubling of the depth by an unequall proportion for in other doublings either the number of length or depth is augmented But this doubling of Inversion makes their depth so many times more in number as there are Files to double or halfe so many if it be done by division the use of it is to avoid the Shot of
Now it remains to demonstrate the way and manner of Files ranking by Conversion in equall parts the word of Command is Files Rank â—our to the left To performe this motion the right-hand File-leader leadeth forth his File the three next men behind him move forwards to the left hand of each other untill they rank even a Brest with their File-leader The next four in like manner ranking to the left do make the second Rank they being but eight deep The File-leader of the second File placeth himselfe next after him that was the half-File-leader of the first which now is become the right-hand man of the second Rank the three next men behind him makes up his Rank and so in like manner for all the rest untill the motion be quite perfected This converts each File into two Ranks and brings all the proper File-leaders and half-File-leaders to make the outmost File to the right The Bringers up both of the Front and Rear half-Files maketh the outmost File to the left For the reducement of this motion of Files ranking four to the left is thus to bee performed first cause your Ranks to file or invert to the right which being done command every File-leader to lead up his File to the left and so every man will bee in his first station CHAP. LXXXV How an Officer is to exercise his souldiers in three manner of Countermarches which are to be performed two manner of wayes viz. one by File the other by Rank THe next thing to bee performed after you have exercised your men in the doubling of their Ranks and Files is to teach them how to countermarch Wherefore you may first begin with intire Countermarches by File The word of Command which produceth it followeth Files to the right-hand Countermarch As soon as the word of Command is given if they be to countermarch to the right then all the File-leaders are to step forwards with their right-legs and face about to the right-hand every File-leader with his File following him passing down towards to the Rear through the Intervall on his right hand still observing to keep even in Rank with his right-hand man and note That no man must turne untill hee come to the ground where at first his File-leader began the Countermarch This motion is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-leaders stood Files to the left-hand Countermarch To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is done after the same manner only differing in hands For reducing them into their former stations If you countermarch to the right by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Files to the right-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground he stands This Lacedaemonian Countermarch is to be performed as followeth the File-leaders of each File are to step side-waies to the right-hand and therewithall to face about to the Rear and so march even in Rank down together between the Intervalls or spaces of ground between File and File no man advancing a foot forwards but turning off the ground they stand on after their Leaders when they are past by them still observing to keep their due distance and so Rank after Rank still turning off to the right untill the motion be performed Files to the left-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground hee stands To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is to be performed after the same manner only differing in hand For reducing them into their former stations If first they countermarcht to the right-hand by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Bringers up face about to the right the rest passe through to the Rear and place your selves before your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch doth lose the ground also whereon it formerly stood and takes the ground behind the Rear The manner of the motion is as followeth viz. the last Rank of Bringers up face to the Rear and stand the rest of the Body facing about in like manner and passing through or between their bringers up and placing themselves even in Rank before them The Motion is begun by the Rank next the Bringers up and so continued successively by the rest untill the Countermarch be ended It is to be reduc'd by performing the same motion to the contrary hand or the next subsequent motion following will reduce this into its former station Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch by which the former may be reduc'd is thus to be performed The last Rank or Bringers up are to stand firm and the rest of the Body are to face to the Rear and passe through to the right place themselves behind their Bringers up contrary to the Countermarch last shown in which they plac'd themselves before The motion is also begun by the second Rank from the Rear the rest following successively until the File-leaders are become the Bringers up then face them about after their proper File-leaders and they are reduc'd File-Leaders face about to the right the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders The motion of this Macedonian Countermarch is from the Rear to the Front quite contrary to the Lacedaemonian whose motion was from the Front to the Rear This Macedonian Countermarch makes semblance in the Rear of flight but presently produceth a setled Front when perhaps the enemy with a too early pursuit hath broken the order of array The way to perform this Countermarch is as followeth The File-leaders or first Rank face about to the right the rest of the body passe through between the Intervals or distance betwixt Files to the left and place themselves behind their Leaders every Rank beginning with that next the File-leaders passing through successively and taking their places untill the Countermarch be fully executed This may be reduc'd as the former were by doing the same to the contrary hand or as formerly is said by any intire Countermarch of File or it may bee reduc'd by another Macedonian Countermarch which in the next place shall be described File-Leaders face to the Rear the rest of the Body passe through to the left following your Bringers up placing your selves behind your Leaders By this Macedonian Countermarch the precedent Countermarch may be reduc'd to its former station and it is thus performed The first Rank or File-leaders face to the Rear then the last Rank begin the Countermarch passing forwards between the Intervalls the seventh Rank following the eighth the sixth following the seventh and so likewise the rest untill the whole body bee trans-ferred into the ground before the Front and then joyntly together facing to the right about after their Leaders the Countermarch is ended For reducement take this for a Rule that any intire Countermarch of File
face them to the right and then wheele then to the left about which being performed face them again to the left and they are reduced perfectly to their first forme station Further observe that every following wheeling is a reducement unto that which is placed next before it and the wheeling next before may reduce that next following as to wheele your Flankes into the front by wheeling your Flankes into the Reere it is reduced or to wheele Front and Reere into both Flankes if you wheele both Flankes into the Front and Reere they are likewise reduced as before Wheele your Battaile to the right on the same ground This wheeling on the Center is more suddenly performed then the Angular wheelings and may be done in farre lesse ground for the left Flanke advanceth forwards still wheeling to the right the right Flanke contrariwise facing to the left and so falling backwards if you have an odde File then the middle File leader must be the Center of the motion but if you have an even number of files then the middlemost file leader from the left or if your wheeling bee to the left then the middlemost file-leader to the right must be the Center This hath beene used by the Grave van Nassaw in the Netherlands For the reducement you must wheele your battell to the left on the same ground and they will be in their first forme and station Wheele your Battell to the right about on the same ground This wheeling is also a wheeling on the Center or midst of the Front whereby the aspect of the Front proper is transferred towards the Reere and withall the Battell is remomoved from off the ground whereon formerly it stood and is placed upon the ground before the front it requires the very same action the former did onely the motion is double to the other To performe this motion every man of the left Flanke is to observe duly his right hand man and the right Flanke must keepe even and straight after their left hand man which becomes their Leaders filewise untill they have attained their ground after which they face as before making an even Front For the reducement wheele your Battell to the left about upon the same ground and they will be in their first forme Wheele off your front by division This motion of wheeling by division in great Battallias is very efficatious to oppose severall enemies at one and the same time with the front of your Battallia whereby your ablest Souldiers will bee first brought to action but if you wheele off your Battell by division and joyne them againe when they be in the Reere then all your Musquetiers are brought from the flankes into the midst of your Battallia and your Pikes will be upon the flankes this motion is easie to be performed for all the file-Leaders to the right flanke are to wheele about to the right the rest of each file following their Leaders the file-Leaders likewise of the left flanke are to wheele about to the left and then joyne or close their divisions To reduce them you must wheele them off againe by division or the wheeling next following will performe it Wheele your Front inwards to the Reere This divisionall wheeling of the Front inwards to the Reere may serve for a reducement unto the precedent wheelings and so it brings the Musquetiers to the flankes againe but if you performe this motion the company being first reduced then it brings the Pikes to the flankes if you chance to be anoyed with Horse in the Reere upon a March you having gayned some place of advantage as aside hill or the like then by wheeling your front inwards to the Reere you may perswade the enemy you are taking your flight but you shall be ready to entertayne his aproches with a setled orderly body for your shot will bee in the middest and the Pikes impaling their flankes so as the Horse can have no power over the shot to route them but they shall bee able to give fire upon them continually this motion is thus to bee performed The right hand file-Leader with all the Leaders of the right flanke are to advance forwards and so are to wheele about to the left every file still keeping close to their right hand file likewise the left hand file-Leader with all the Leaders of the left flanke are to advance forwards and wheele about to the right every file of the left flanke closing close to the left thus the outmost file of each flanke will meet and become the innermost the front being metamorphis'd into the Reere For reducement you may wheele them againe off to the right and left by division or else wheele your front inward to the Reere Wheele your Flanks into the Front This divisionall wheeling of the flankes into the front is Cosen-german to a doubling for by it all your shot are brought from both the flankes into the front and thereby so many shot more are brought to doe execution accordingly as the depth will permit This motion of wheeling your flankes into the front will not onely secure your shot but also is very proper to baricado up any passage with your Pikes so as the enemies horse will be defeated of their expectations upon the first motion of dividing every devision wheeleth about his owne angle untill the outmost file Leaders of each flanke meete together in the midst then facing to their Leader performes it For reducement of this motion wheele your flankes into the Reere or else foure times the same although the further way about Face all about to the Right and wheele your Flanks into the Reere This divisionall wheeling of the Flankes into the Reere is also neere akind to a doubling and is to be performed as the other in all respects for this wheeling brings your two outmost Files to be the first Ranke the bringers up of the right and left hand files meeting together the bringers up of the left flanke meeting face to face with the bringers up of the right flanke and so being faced to their Leader they which before were compleate files are now become halfe Rankes eyther to the right or left but you must note that before you beginne to wheele you must face your body about to the Reere and then the action will be all one as if you wheeled your flankes into the front It shall neede no further explayning in regard in the motion before this it is fully exprest But by the way take notice that in all wheelings you must observe to follow your Leaders which must be understood as well of those which are accidentally become Leaders by reason of facings as of those which be the first and propet Leaders as for example in this wheeling you must note that the bringers up are become the Leaders of the motion also you may further observe that the two middlemost bringers up are the Hinges of the wheeling For the reducement of this wheeling the
Commander being at his front accidentall may command them to wheele their wings into the reere and so passing through to that part where his proper file-leaders areâ— and then face them to him and they are in their first forme Or else when the Commander hath past through to the Reere and faced his company to him then his pikes being foremost let him wheele his flankes into the Front who being faced to their leader are reduced Wheele front and Reere into the right flanke This divisionall wheeling of the Front and Reere into the right flanke doth quadruple the depth as for example if the body of your Battallia be but ten in depth this wheeling to the right flanke makes them forty deepe in file and but five in ranke or brest you may observe how the Musqueteires of the left flanke are devided viz the one halfe of them wheeling to the front and the other halfe to the reere Likewise the Musqueteirs of the right flanke are to wheele together into the midst The Pikes are likewise divided those that were the front halfe files are to wheele into the midst of the front division of Musquetiers And those that were the Reere division of Pikes are to wheele into the reere division of shott After the word of Command is given to wheele front and reere into the right flanke you must cause your Souldiers for to face to the right that being done they are to wheele together about the fifth and sixth men in the right hand file which is the halfe file leader to the front and halfe file leader to the reere this motion being performed right the two halfe files to the right will be converted into the two midle rankes of the Battallia and the file-leaders to the front and the bringers of the reere will be the right hand file For the reducement there may be many wayes according as the body of the Battallia may be faced but suppose they stand faced in the same forme that this Battallia did before the Motion began and then the wheeling of front and reere into the left flanke will reduce them to their first station they being faced to their Leader Or if you please to face them that way which they wheeled in the Motion which was to the right then wheele your flankes into the reere and then facing them to their proper front they are reduced Wheele front and Reere into the left flanke This divisionall wheeling of the front and reere into the left flanke is a doubling of the depth as the former was and the nature of the Motion is the same with the precedent the difference is onely in the flankes wherefore first you must cause the Battallia to face to the left and then you must wheele them as before you did wheele the flankes into the front But suppose that all the shott are placed upon the right flanke before you begin this motion then this wheeling will bring the one halfe of them into the front and the other halfe into the reere and the motion being performed and they faced towards their Commander they will be 40 deepe in file and five in ranke as the precedent motion was For reducement the usuall way is to wheele the front and reere into the Right flanke or if upon occasion you have faced your Battallia to the same way they have wheeled which was to the left flanke and would give your Command from thence then you must cause them to wheele their flankes into the reere this being done you must passe to your first front then causing them to face towards you they are in the same forme they were at first Then cause the five files of shott to face to the left and then to passe through their places Lastly you must close their rankes and files to their due distance and all is performed Wheele both flankes into the Front and Reere This divisionall wheeling of both flankes into the front and reere doth double the depth making them from ten deepe to be twenty It doth also transferre the Musquetiers from both the flankes into the front and reere making a division betweene the front halfe files and the reere halfe-files So that of one Body flankte with shott it maketh two each having their shot in the front To performe this wheeling you must take these following directions The word of Command being given as in the Margent is exprest the first thing the Souldiers have to doe is for the halfe files to face about to the reere and then the front halfe files and the reere halfe Files are to wheele at one and the same instant The front division are to wheele about their two innermost file Leaders untill the file Leaders of the right flanke meete together in the midst with the file Leaders of the left flanke the residue of their divisions orderly following of them The halfe files in like maner being faced about the bringers up in the same order as the former did are to wheele together being now the leaders of the motion in the reere This being performed and the Commander standing at the place of his first front he is to cause them to face towards him then he is to Command them to close their division which being done all your file Leaders are in the two innermost files of the front division file wise and all the bringers up in the reere division of the same files For reducement you may face them to either of the flankes and then Command them to wheele both flankes into the front and reere then facing them againe to their proper front and closing their divisions they will be as at first or if you please the Subsequent motion of wheeling will reduce it Wheele front and reere into both flankes This wheeling of front and Reere into both flankes is also a doubling of depth So that from ten deepe it makes them twenty And by this motion the shot which in the precedent wheeling was placed upon the flankes by this motion of wheeling are transferd into the midst betweene the front and the reere of the Pikes and whereas in this former motion their wheeling was about the two midlemost file leaders and Bringers up This wheeling contrariwise is about the two halfe file leaders of the outmost files of each flanke In the other wheeling the file Leaders and bringers up made the Inmost file but in this they make the outermost file of each flanke This motion being performed it leaves a large Intervall or division from front to reere betweene the flankes which if the Commander passe into the midst betweene each division and face them all to him causing them to close their divisions and then he being marcht forth into his first place causing the souldiers to direct their aspects to him then will the Pikes be in the Front and Reere For the reducement of this Motion of wheeling to its first forme and station you must cause the Battallia to face
left so to give them roome to march up betweene them in the meane time the next File having given fire wheeleth off in like manner marching up on the left hand of the File that fired last before and so successively for all the rest of the Files of Musquetiers all which are to give fire and wheele off as before placing them still on the left hand of the Files which last fired wherein still is to be noted that the Pikes are still to open to the right and left for the receiving the shot betweene them after they have discharged This firing as well as all the former firings in Flank may be led off by their bringers up as well as by their File-Leaders and then the reducement will be answerable The shot having all given fire the Pikes may seeke to defend themselves by charging at push of Pike or at foote if there bee any Bow Pikes they may gall the enemy in the meane time or the shot may play over the shoulders of the Pikes as they charge at the foote one ranke giving fire after another for the formost Ranke having fired may kneele downe and there make ready againe untill the next Ranke behind hath also fired c. For reducement and to bring the Musquetiers into both flankes againe as they were before wee discoursed of these severall firings in Flankes you must first command your Pikes to face inwards and your Musquetiers to the right and left outward and so to passe them through and interchange ground then facing them to their Leader they will be reduced as at first You must observe that all these firings in flanke may as well be performed to the left hand and with the same words onely the words of right must be changed for left and left for right The next discourse shall be of divisionall firings CHAP. XCII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in divisionall firings viz. front and reere upon a March. Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere and flanke your Pikes YOu may please to remember how that in the last foregoing firings in the flanke the Shot were placed in the middest of the Pikes and now before we can give directions for these divisionall firings in Front and Reere we must observe the way of reducing the Musquetiers into the Front and Reere of the Pikes from the forme wherein they last stood To performe this you must command the halfe Files of Musquetiers to face about which done let the Pikes stand and the Musquetires march untill they are cleare both of Front and Reere of Pikes then let them stand and face to their Leader then command your Pikes to close their divisions and the shot will bee one halfe of them in Front and the other halfe in the Reere in a readinesse to performe this firing which wee are now about to discourse of The Pikes being shouldred and the words of command and direction given as in the Margent is specified the first Ranke in the Front presents and the last Ranke faceth about to the Reere and doth the like and so by giving fire together wheele off by division viz. the one halfe of the Ranke following after the right hand man of the same Ranke the other halfe after the left hand man who leads them close downe by the sides or flankes of the Musquetiers untill they come to the Pikes The first Ranke of Musquetiers in the Front are to ranke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere are to ranke even with the last Ranke of Pikes leaving a sufficient distance betwixt them and their Pikes for the other Musquetiers to march betweene And by the way take notice that he that was outermost when they gave fire must likewise be outermost when they have taken their places on the Flanks the first and last Ranke having fired and wheeled off the next rankes the body marching on three or foure steppes are in like manner to present and give fire wheeling off by division and passing betweene the divisions there placing themselves they of the Front division are to place them selves behind those which fired last before them and they of the Reere division before them which fired last in the Reere behind them and thus they may continue to give fire after the same manner untill they have all given fire over once then may the body make a stand and the Pikes charge to the Front and Reere if occasion be or if the Commander would continue his firing to the front and Reere still upon this same forme then let the shot of the Front place themselves after they have given fire behind the Musquetiers of their owne division and those of the Reere division are to place themseleves betwixt the Reere of Pikes and the shot of their owne division and so the body moving but slowly forwards they may continue the firing Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere placing your selves betweene your divisions In the precedent discourse after fire was given to Front and Reere the shot flanked the Pikes now from this forme I will indeavour to shew you a second way of firing to Front and Reere which may easily be effected if the Souldiers be well instructed To performe this firing take these words of command and directions placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing following The command being thus given the first Ranke presents to the front likewise the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere faceth about and presents towards the Reere then both at one instant gives fire wheeling off by division and placing themselves betweene the Musquetiers of their division These namely which were of the Front halfe files falling into the Reere of their owne divisions and those of the Reere halfe files contrary wise falling before their halfe File-Leaders and ranking even with the halfe File-Leaders of the Pikes the next Ranke successively firing and wheeling off after the same manner Having fired once over they are reduced every man to his place The Officer must take some paines in teaching his Souldiers these two last firings otherwise they will seeme very difficult at first for them to performe CHAP. XCIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere and right Flanke marching and likewise to both Flankes at once marching and also to both Flankes standing Musquetiers give fire to the right flanke and reere placing your selves betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions THis kinde of firing in Reere and Flanke upon a march is very serviceable at such times as the enemy shall skirmish with the body to annoy them in their passage in Flanke and Reere at one time And this kinde of firing you may performe two severall wayes as first your Musquetiers being placed in their ordinary place upon the Flankes of their Pikes The second and more securer way for the Pikes will be to draw the Musquetieres from that flanke which is
least in danger crosse the Reere of Pikemen The words of command and direction you shall finde in the Margent which produceth this latter forme of firing the words of command being given to fire to the Reere and right Flanke The outermost File of Musquetiers presents to the right and the last Ranke of Musquetiers presents to the Reere and so both give fire the rest of the body in the meane time marching a reasonable pace The right hand File on the right Flanke and the last Ranke of the Musquetiers in the Reere of the Pikes having fired the File facech to the left after their File Leader and so marcheth up betweene the Musquetiers of the same division and the Pikes the Rankes also wheeling off to the right and placing it selfe next after the Reere of Pikes and if you please you may make an Intervall or space betweene the Musquetiers in the Reere that so one part may wheele off to the right on the outside the other part wheele off to the right and march up betweene the Intervalls into their places The first File file upon the Flanke and the first Ranke in the Reere that presented having given fire and wheeled cleare of the body the next File and ranke is to present and give fire after the same manner wheeling off and taking their places as aforesaid and so successively the rest both Files and Rankes gives fire observing the same order and having given fire once twice or oftner over they are still reduced to the same they were before the firing began then draw your shot from the Reere to the left Flanke againe and they will be in their first forme and station Musquetiers give fire to both Flankes marching up betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions This kinde of firing to both Flankes marching may be upon some occasions serviceable and the shot after they have given fire may be eyther placed betweene their owne divisions and the Pikes or betweene the midst of the Pikes for their better securitie the shot being placed upon both the Flankes of the Pikes as we left them in the former discourse you must make use of the words of command and direction which is placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing The command being given the outmost file of each Flanke presents outward the rest of the body still continuing of the march the presented Files in the interim giving fire then facing after their proper File-Leaders who are to leade them up betweene the Musquetiers of their owne divisions and the Pikes in the time of their wheeling away the next two outermost Files are to present firing after the same manner and leading up as before the rest successively doing the like untill they have fired all over which brings them to their former places Advance your Pikes and stand face to the right and left Musquetiers give fire and Flanke your Pikes This kinde of firing to both Flankes upon a stand is produced by the words of command and directions placed in the Margent onely observe the Musquetiers are placed upon both Flankes of the body of Pikes as you left them in the precedent discourse The words of command being given the whole body both of Pikes and Shot are to face to the right and left hand and then the formost Rankes of Musquetiers which before the facing were the outermost Files are to present and give fire and then wheele off by division Ranking even with the formost Rankes of Pikes and leaving sufficient Intervalls for the rest of the Musquetiers to march betweene them and the Pikes The next Ranke presenting and firing after the same manner but not advancing forwards onely firing upon the same ground and wheeling off by division afterwards passing downe betweene the Intervalls and so ranking after their Leaders but you must observe by the way that they that were outermost when they gave fire are likewise to be so when they have taken their places All the Rankes of Musquetiers having fired and wheeled off as before the Pikes if neede be may charge and the Musquetiers giving fire over againe wheeling off outwards and placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisious Having advanced your Pikes and faced your body to their first Front all your Musquetiers will be in Front and Reere and then if your halfe Files about and give fire after the same manner formerly discoursed of to the Front and Reere having faced them againe to their first Front they will be reduced as at first into their ordinary square CHAP. XCIIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in a Triple way of giving fire to the Front BY this triple firing to the Front the precedent forme of firing to both Flankes standing may be reduced for the Musquetiers of the Reere division opening to the right and left and sleeving upon the Flankes of the Pikes untill the Leaders of the Reere division who then were the halfe File-Leaders ranke even with the Front of Pikes and those in the front division are placed before the Pikes in the Front securely covering them from the enemy The word of command and directions that produceth this forme of firing is placed in the Margent Musquetiers of the Reere double your Front of Pikes by division The one halfe of the shot being placed before the front of the Pikes and the other halfe placed upon eyther flanke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the word of command being given then the first Ranke of Musquetiers both of front and flankes presents to the front and gives fire wheeling off to the right and left by division The Musquetiers of the front division being wheeled off as aforesaid close by the flankes of their owne Musquetiers passe directly downe betweene the Intervals and place themselves even in Ranke behind the Musquetiers of the Reere division which are upon the flanks like wise the Musqueters that fired at the same time on the flankes wheele also off the right flanke to the right the left flanke to the left marching directly downe even with the reere Rankes of the Pikes and there place themselves againe even in ranke with the last ranke of Pikes this done the rest of the rankes successively give fire and doe the like every ranke taking his place after the ranke that fired last before them the other Rankes mooving one ranke forwarder the Musquetiers having given fire once over and falling off according to this direction they will all be reduced to the Flanke againe as at first View the figure in the next page The Figure of the Triple firing to the Front Front Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant CHAP. XCV How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire three wayes at once viz. to the Front Reere and right Flanke IN performing this firing three wayes at once first you may suppose the Musquetiers to be placed upon eyther Flanke of the Pikes then by commanding the halfe Rankes of the left to double
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
the second ranke hath tenne this ranke makes two sides parrallell to the two former sides of the Rhombe as the Figure shewes the third must be 17. and so forwards to one the whole Battell hath in it 121. horse with the Officers the Figure followeth Front Reare CHAP. CXXII The Manner and forme of imbattelling the third kinde of Rhombe consisting of Files but not of Rankes THe third kinde of Rhombe which Files but Rankes not you are to order your Troope after this manner following First you must make a File of any Number the Captaine of the Troope being File-leader and the Reare Commander the last of the File To both the Flankes of this File you are to lay two other Files either of them one lesse in number than the first these you must begin to place even with the middest of the distances of the first file on both sides as suppose 11. in the first File the next file on either side must have 10. a peece and the next after them 9. a peece and still one the lesse in all the rest after plac't Files and so it shall prove to file but not ranke This forme is advantagious and profitable for turning of faces when neede shall require from one point of the Rhombe to another turning to the right hand is called turning to the staffe turning to the leâ—â— is called turning to the Raynes but in these our moderne warres we use to command them to face to the right or to the left hand as occasion shall offer the figure of this discourse followeth the Troope of horse consisting of 121. with the Officers The Front Reare CHAP. CXXIII The manner of imbattelling the fourth kinde of Rhombe which Rankes and Files not THis last kinde of Rhombe whose property is to Ranke and not to File is made by a conâ—rary way to the former The presedent Rhombe which shewed to File but not to Ranke began at the Front point and Reare point and proceeded to the Flankes This beginneth at the Flanke points and proceedth to the Front and Reare First therefore a Ranke is to be layed of what number you please to the distances of this Ranke you must lay two Rankes more one on either side whose number must be one lesse a peece than the former Ranke thus continue laying of Rankes towards the Front and Reare and in every paire of Rankes diminish one a peece untill you come to the points either of which have but one namely the Captaine and Lievetenant by this meanes the Rhombe will ranke but not file the figure followeth Front Reare CHAP. CXXIIII The manner of Framing the Battell called the Wedge or halfe Rhombe used by the Macedonians THe forme of this Battell called the Wedge plainely appeares in the Rhombe which both Rankes and Files for the halfe of that Rhombe is a Wedge Wherefore first you must beginne with a Ranke of an uneven number as suppose 15. horse before that Ranke you must place another Ranke of 13. having two lesse than the former and so you are to proceede untill you end with one which is the place of the Captaine this was the Invention of King Philip of Macedon who placed his best men before that by them the weaker might be held in and inabled to charge Elian giveth reasons why the Wedge was in those times accounted better than a Square forme which we now have in use in regard it is apt and proper artificially to breake the Enemies Square battels for he Compares a Square Battle to an Axe for although it be sharper than a Wedge yet having the edge drawne out in length it cannot possibly by strength be driven farre into the Wood but by redoubling of strokes The Wedge being once entred insinuateth it selfe the point being Narrow and it holdeth what it getteth untill at last it divides the Square forme in Sunder although never so tough Polybius reports lib 4. 278. that the Thessalians being Imhatteled in this kinde of forme they could not be resisted by the Gracians and Persian Squares Moreover the Wedge is of greater strength than the Rhombes because it bringeth more hands to fight for the hinder part of the Rhombe is of no use but to avoyde surprises for it avayleth nothing in charging whereas all parts of the Wedge are effectuall viz. the point to enter and the sides even to the flanke corners where the reare endeth doth dispart and dissever and utterly disorder the Enemie whereby victory is gained And questionlesse this forme of a Wedge were of excellent use in our warres especially when an enemie is charged in Flanke and Reare or Front and Flanke then this Battell in forme of a Wedge to come full upon the point of the enemies Battalia where they shall finde an easie place for entrance in regard the foote Troopes are constrained to make a double resistance both to Front and Flanke so that there will be a space open for entrance and then the sides of this Wedge battell will give such a Valley upon the point that of necessity they cannot be able to withstand it The Cornet in this Wedge forme of imbattelling is to take his place right before the Lievetenant in the second Ranke from the Reare the figure followeth this Troope consists of 121. Horse Front The Leivetenant CHAP. CXXV The reason why we retaine the custome of Ranking five deepe in File WEE have learned from Generalls in former ages the framing of Square Battels in regard they were oppinionated that forme was the easiest to be framed and best for Motion besides the ablest men were plac't in Front and had all the principall Commanders to lead them on to give the Enemie a charge the weapons which the Horsemen used were Speares of such a wonderfull length to to Match their Enemies Pikes which as Leo reports Chap. 25. that they were 16. Cubtis in length that is 24. foote and Livy verifies the same that their Pikes were very unwildy in regard of their bignesse and length and then they for the most part did order their horse Troopes eight deepe in File as Polybius speaketh plainely who was Generall of the Horse of the Achaeans besides Leo in his seventh Chapter writeth after this manner If there be many horse saith he viz. above twelve thousand then let them be ordred tenne deepe in File if but few then let it be no more than five further he saith too much shallownesse maketh a Battalia weake and ready to be broken by this we may conjecture that the filing of Troopes five deepe was not a thing inforc't of necessitie untill such times as they found the inconvenience of their over-long Speares so that the Macedonians caused their Speares to be but 15. or 16. foote in length and then five horse in depth was rather at the most then otherwise to make use of those short weapons to offend the Enemy in their charge They further aimed to order their Battells so that the Battalias might
bindings and knots whosoever could unloose Eum tota Asia Regnaturum antiqua oracula cecivisse these knots when hee could not unloose them with his fingers hee cut them in peeces with his sword and truely there was no knot so hard but with his sword hee could undoe it to make way for his conquest of Asia While hee was in this City hee received tydings of Darius his approach wherefore with great speed hee passed over the mount Taurus and came to Tarsus with which extraordinary March his bodie being over heat hee cast himselfe into the River Cydnus whose vertues being extremly cold cast him into a suddaine and almost irrecoverable disease but having with much adoe recovered health hee marched forwards to meete his enemy who was comming against him with a very great Army When they were met Alexander riding about his Troopes encouraged the Illirians and Thracians with the shew of riches the Grecians hee inflamed with the memory of former Battells and the antient hatred betweene them and the Persians Hee likewise tells his Macedonians of there conquest of Europe and Asia now so much desired boasting that they had not their matches in the World and if now only they would shew them selves men this Battell should bee the end of their toyle and labour and the very pride of their glory and honour Neither was Darius all this while idle but like a good Captaine rid about his Troopes ordering and exhorting them to bee mindfull of the antient glory of the Persians and of the honour of their Empire which they had received of the immortall gods Then joyning Battell with great courage on both sides for a while what the successe would bee was doubtfull but both the Kings were wounded and Darius after his hurt fled and then were the Persians slaughtered on all sides untill they fled as their King did before After this Battell there were found in the Persian Tents much gold and other riches and together with many other noble prisoners there were taken the Mother Wife and two Daughters of Darius This victory did well-neere settle the Crowne upon Alexanders head for after this hee tooke Babylon and the royall City of Susa where hee got inestimable riches and being at a feast one day under the guilded roofe of the Royall Pallace hee sayd Then have I obtained the fruite of my labour when I can feast so magnificently within the Pallace of proud King Xerxes After this he besiedged the City of Tyre and within the Moneth tooke it And from thence passed forwards against the Iewes with whom hee was displeased for that they refused to assist him in the siedge of Tyre but the Iewes now fearing the Kings displeasure Iaddus the High Priest that hee might pacifie the Kings minde met him upon the way clad in his Priests vestures and accompanied with a great number of Priests and Elders desiring the Kings favour There did Alexander alight from his Horse and in a reverent manner salutes the High Priest promising Peace at which sight his Captaines wondring asked why hee received the Priests so honourably To whom he answered that in Macedonia before the beginning of the Warres hee had seene one habited in the like vestures calling him into Asia and commanding him to make Warre with the Persians reaching forth his right hand towards him as if hee would be his guide and seeing the Priest in that similitude hee thought God had some speciall regard of this People and that hee himselfe was assisted by that God whom they served and therefore hee resolved to bee mercifull unto them and to shew them favour From hence did Alexander March into Aegypt which hee tooke without resistance here hee visited the Temple of Iupiter Hammon whereby the Priest whom before for that purpose hee had corrupted hee was styled Hamonius filius from hence hee returned into Syria where he received letters from Darius concerning the redemption of his Captives for whom hee promised to pay a great summe of money Sed Alexander in pretium captivarum regnum omne non pecuniam petit Afterward Darius sends a second Embassage proffering him his Daughter in marriage and with her a portion of his Kingdome for a Dowry To this Alexander answered that as yet hee had proffered him nothing but that which was his owne by right of conquest but if hee were desirous of Peace hee must come and render himselfe and Kingdome to the mercy of the Conquerour Darius now perceiving that all hope of Peace was taken away begins to leavie his third Army resolving to try if with his sword in hand hee might obtaine that which by Embassadours and treaties hee could not With this new Army consisting of 500000 Horse and Foot hee hunts after his Adversary but in his March hee heareth of the death of his Wife in Childe-bed and how Alexander in whose custody she was had exceedingly bemoaned her losse and given her honourable buriall agreeable to her estate and condition Idque eum non amoris sed humanitatis is causa fecisse which when Darius understood hee ingeniously confessed that now hee was truely conquered when after so many bloudy Battells his enemy now at last would overcome him with courtesie but herein hee sayd was his comfort St vincers nequeat quod a tali potissimum vinceretur After this Darius writes the third letter to Alexander rendring him many thankes for his courtesie to those that were his Captives offering him also his other Daughter in marriage and the greater part of his Kingdome even to the banckes of Euphrates for her Dowrie and 30000 Tallents for the redemption of the Captives To this Alexander answered that it was a thing too too vaine to receive thankes from an enemy neither had hee himselfe done any thing to flatter his Adversary that which hee had done was out of the greatnesse of his minde which as it had taught him to contend against the force of his foes so not to triumph over their calamities neither would he have Darius to thinke him so simple as to suffer the victory to bee taken from him with hope of a marriage No no hee would have Darius know that there was no way so safe as to come yield to his mercy which if hee did hee would promise in the word of a Prince freely to bestow upon Darius all those things that now hee proffered unto him upon this condition Si secundus fili non par habere velit For as the World could not bee governed by two Sunnes so neither by two Kings with any safety therefore either that day Darius must prepare himselfe to yeild or the next day bring his Army into the Plaines where hee should finde the like entertainment that hee had before The next day both of them tooke the Field neere unto Arbela and were ranged in view one of the other The Kings on both sides rid about their Troopes exhorting them to demeane themselves like Souldiers in the Battell Darius
of every defect hee ought to rule over the Company and take a particular survey of every Souldier in his Captaines absence for then hee is in absolute authority and the Souldiers are bound to obey him as their cheife in all respects hee ought not to refuse to bee put upon any service by his Captaine or Colonell or any cheife Officer of the Field also he is not to bee sent upon any convoy or to guard any passage without a sufficient Troope of Souldiers fifty or sixty at least if lesse then the Ensigne is of sufficiency to command them hee is to view his Captaine thrice a day Morne Noone and Night but especially in the time of Warre to see what hee hath to command him hee is to take notice of what discords quarrels and debates arise amongst the Souldiers of his Band hee is to pacifie them if it may bee otherwise to commit them hee is to judge and determine such disputes with gravity and good speeches and where the fault is to make him acknowledge it and crave pardon of the party hee hath abused hee is duely to see the Watch set and to follow them to the Guard and see the Sentinells set out and give them their charge what they are to doe If hee be in the Field hee is to visit the Sentry Perdues very often hee is to command the Souldiers in a kinde of perswasory way to obey their Corporalls and Serjants wherefore hee ought to give good language in a discreet and wise manner to move and perswade them with 〈◊〉 reasons to the observation and obedience of Millitary discipline 〈◊〉 his Captaine of many â—oyles hee is to bee carefull that every Souldier have a sufficient lodging in Garrison and in the Field a Hut hee is also to take due care of the sicke and maymed that they perish not for want of means or looking unto he is also to take care that the Sutlers do not oppresse and rack the poore Souldiers in their victuals and drinke he is to see the Company provided with all kinde of Amunition with Axes Mattockes Spades and the like to build their Hutts withall these instruments are to have the marke of the Gallowse set on them in token of death to them that steale them Hee is in his Captaines absence to sit in the Christrade or Marshalls Court to define of the punishments which are to bee inflicted upon Delinquents and Malefactorus their punishment going by most voyces hee is to set a Guard at his Captaines Tent and likewise at the Cullours where hee ought to give order for a fitting place to hang up loose Armes His Hutt ought to bee in the head of the quarter upon the right hand and the Ensignes on the left and the Serjants at the Reare of the quarter hee is to bee alwaies in a readinesse to answer an Allarum and with all speed draw his men if they bee in Garrison to that Port or Guard his squadron hath the Watch at if in the Campe then to the Brest-worke before their quarters where hee is to place betwixt each Musquet a Pike for their better defence In Garrison hee is to bee Captaine of the Watch in his Captaines stead onely for the ease of his Captaine where he must bee very circumspect upon his Guard hee is to have his Ensigne and his Serjants to attend him hee is to goe the first round with a Serjant and two Gentlemen at the least to attend him where hee is to take the Word of every Corporall and to see that the Sentinells bee duely pla'ct out and to give them charge to bee very circumspect in their Watches that upon the sight of the Enemy or the seeing of their Matches sparkle or hearing their Armour clatter they presently informe the Corporalls so that an Allarum may bee given to the Towne but hee that shall give a false Alarum is to bee imprisoned The Lieuetenant is to go the Patroule with a sufficient Guard about all the Streets within the night to prevent treason in the Town or to discover fire or ill orders as quarrelling c. Hee is to March in the morning with the Major of the Garrison at the Drumme beating to the opening of the Ports hee is to bee guarded with all the Gentlemen of the round In Sommer time at Watch set he is to draw his men in Parrado in the Market place with all the rest of the Companies in the Towne their Companies being compleate If in the Field and to goe upon service hee ought to see prayers read in the head of the Troopes every night and every Sabbath all those Souldiers that have not the Guard hee is to compell them to goe to their Colonells Tent to heare Prayers and preaching hee is to bee religious valiant and wise his Armes is onely a Gorget and a Pattisen CHAP. LXVI The Office of a Captaine of a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in the Field briefely declared THe Office of a Captaine being so honourable and a place of such great consequence that it ought not slightly to bee considered of wherefore they ought to bee men of excellent quallity and of undaunted valiant resolution hee should not bee inferiour in knowledge and skill in all the circumstances and actions belonging to Warre in as profound a manner as the chiefest Officer of the Field for hee hath a charge of great importance committed unto him hee being many times called to execute the Office of Serjant Major or Lieuetenant Collonell besides hee is exposed to all manner of danger in the Warres for no Captaine but must leade on his men in the face of the Enemy and charge them in the teeth which if hee bee not skilfull as well to leade them off as draw them on hee may bee the occasion of spilling of much bloud hee ought not to bee a man chosen altogether for Birth Meanes Personage favour or affection but for his wisedome civility valour and experience the unexpertnesse of a Captaine hath beene the ruine of Armies and destruction of Common-wealths In the time of peace every brave fellow desires to bee honoured with the name and charge of a Captaine but when Warre approacheth and the Enemy is at hand they quake their swords out of their scabberds and had rather make use in fight of their Wings then their tallents A Captaine ought to be well seene and read in all the Liberall Sciences to be acquainted with History and to have what speculative knowledge that may bee to joyne with their practice all kinde of Stratagems should be similiar with him and nothing should be wanting that might make him an accomplisht Souldier A Captaine ought to have regard to the due exercising of his Souldiers fitting them in all points for service hee ought to see his Souldiers furnished with all things needfull as Armes Munition and their Weekely pay duely at the appoynted times hee is to bee very conscionable in delivering them their off-reckonings and apparrell hee
when he exerciseth his Company as well to give the more reputation unto the action as also that the use of them may be well knowne Lastly a Captaine ought to carry himselfe in such a way that his souldiers may both feare and love him too much familiarity breeds contempt and too sterne a carriage begets hatred and so let him not over-value his life but expose it to the fortune of the Warre using his best skill and indeavours to annoy his Enemies and to be diligent and forward in executing such commands as Authority injoynes him and so to persist in a resolution to feare nothing but infamie And I will conclude with an Exhortation to all Noble Captaines desiring them for their credits sake and for the honour of our gracious King and welfare of our Kingdome to be more diligent in the discipling of their souldiers and not to chop and change so many new men into their Companies that betweene muster and muster the third part of the company are new untutored fellowes that knowes not their right hand from their left so that it is a labor in vain to instruct them and they are the meanes of putting all those that have some knowledge out of square by their aukward doings besides all base beggerly fellowes are admitted into the muster Rowle when as the best and chiefest yeomen ought to doe their King and country service in their owne persons Then lastly that every Captaine would command his Officers to instruct the pikes and musquets whilst the rest are a calling over and then eyther himselfe or his Lieutenant to exercise them in grosse all their postures and cause them to give fire in way of skirmish and not to goe into the Towne untill all the exercise bee finisht CHAP. LXVII The Office of a Serjeant-Major of a Regiment and his dutie both in Garrison and in the Field briefely declared A Serjeant-Major is the third principall Officer in a Regiment and in regard he is an Officer of the Field hee ought to participate of all the perfections that Officers of higher Authority should have His Place and Office doth somewhat correspond with the Major-Generals onely his duty is tending to Officiate betweene the Colonell and the Officers of the Regiment he is to be learned in all the Liberall Sciences he ought to have both Speculative and Practicke knowledge in all things belonging to his profession he must be very civill wise and discreet in his carriage and actions in regard he is to manage a world of affaires of high consequence which may serve to the conserving or ruining of the Army he is duly to attend his Colonels pleasure and Morning â—oone and Night he is to waite upon the Major Generall and to receive such orders as are by the Generall of the Army delivered unto him he is speedily to certifie his Colonell what the orders are and what the Generals pleasure is and also with all celerity to execute such things as his Colonell shall give him in charge He is not onely to be a good Scholler and witty but he must be quick in apprehension and furnisht with an able memory he must have a Paper-book with Pen and Incke to set downe all Orders and Commands that he may not erre nor vary one title from what was delivered him in charge at Drumsbeat he is to repaire to the Generals Tent and take the Word of the Major Generall and Orders for that Nights proceedings then he is to repaire to his Colonels Tent where he is to deliver him the Word and to his Lieutenant Colonel with such orders as he hath received The Serjeants of every Company of his Regiment are to repaire to him to take the Word from him with such Orders as he shall give them and they are speedily to acquaint their Captaine and other Officers with it all the inferiour Serjeants are to stand round about him and he is to deliver the Word very privately in the eare of that Serjeant which stands at his right hand and he is secretly to whisper it in the eare of the next and so from one to another round and the last man is to give it to the Serjant-Major againe if the last man gives it to him wrong then he must give it over againe He is to have them draw Billets for their Guards in regard much disputes may arise because many Guards are more subject to the danger of the Enemy than some others are and also to prevent treason so that no Officer knowes his Guard before-hand he is also to provide Powder Match and Bullets and distribute it amongst the Officers of his Regiment he ought to have able Officers to his owne Company because he cannot tend unto them his imployments are so great he ought to have a swift Nagge to carry him about the Quarters and to visit his Guards for his businesse lyes very confusedly in the Army he is likewise to view all outward Gvards both in the day time and in the night where his Regiment hath command every Captaine is to give him the Word and from one Guard to another he is to be guarded with certaine Musquetiers He is to instruct and shew such of his Officers as are to passe upon Watch where to place their Sentinels and Perdues he is likewise to shew every Officer whether to draw his Company to joyne with the rest in Battalia if the Enemy should give an Alarme He is to exercise all the Companies of his Regiment at convenient times CHAP. LXVIII The Office of a Lieutenant-Colonell of a Regiment and his duty both in Garrison and in Field briefly declared A Lieutenant Colonell to a Regiment is a place of high consequence and great dignitie being the second person in the Regiment hee is not to be deficient in all kindes of Literature but to bee as able both in valour and experience as the Colonell in regard in the Colonels absence hee hath the sole ordering of the Regiment and upon all occasions as his Colonell shall command hee is to bee ready and dutifull to performe there is much toyle and paines belonging to his office in regard hee frees his Colonels executionâ—◠〈◊〉 his duties hee ought in time and causes of present perill to give his best advise to his Colonell and to give him notice of every particular passage in the Regiment hee is not of his owne authority to act any thing without his Colonels command All the Captaines and Officers of the Regiment ought to respect and obey his commands Hee is to see the Regiment well ordered the Watches set and the guards duly releeved in time of Battell hee is many times commanded to draw up divisions to charge the Enemy In besieges hee relieves his Colonell taking his command by turnes it is his charge to see to the Regiment that all things are orderly performed and that all necessaries be provided both for food and Amunition hee is to see every Captaine demeane themselves faire to their
used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the inâ—ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
is shewed If this Posture be to be performed Marching your Pike being shouldred then first steppe forwards with your right foote and let your left hand receive the Pike and equall distance from your right hand towards the butt-end of the same raising your Pike forwards with your right hand from your shoulder then at the same instant step forwards with your left foot and receive the butt-end of the Pike with your right hand just behind the side of your right thigh But to performe this Posture â—rooping and your Pike advanced then you are only to step forwards with your left foot and with a little shogge of the shoulder and drawing backe the butt-end of your Pike in your right hand will cause the Pike to fall forwards where your left hand is at the instant to be ready to receive it betweene the Thumbe and the forefingers at a convenient distance Charge to the Horse Note in charging to the Horse it hath beene in former ages used to place the but-end of your Pike in the ground by the inside of your right foot and so to draw your Sword over your left arme and divers Rankes of Musquetiers plac'd to shoot over their heads behind them No question it is a very good way for your Bow-pikes but the former charging is most in use Charge to the Reare You may by the precedent Posture conceive how to charge your Pike either to the right or left hand But for the charging to the Reare the Pikes being either shouldered or advanced is somewhat difficult Therefore you may please to observe that if the Pike bee advanced you must with your left hand take it in his proper place up towards your head then suddenly turning your body about towards your left hand and being faced about you are to thrust backe your right hand with the butt-end of the Pike in it and withall your right leg is to be set out with it this will bring you into the right Posture But if your Pike be shouldered and you are to charge to the Reare then you must take the Pike in your left hand a good distance from your right hand towards the butt-end and at the same instant with your right hand raise the Pike from your shoulder as high above your head towards your left side as possibly you may then standing firme with your left legge you are to bring about your right side and legge towards the left hand about and being halfe turned you are to let loose your right hand and with your left hand you are somewhat to advance the point of the Pike forwards so that the butt-end may bee drawne backe by your right side for your right hand to receive it your right foot also at the very instant being stept backe makes you stand fully charged Port your Pikes This Posture is performed by holding the Pike a halfe distance betweene advancing and charging and was only invented to case the hind most Rankes from the intollerable labour of continuall charging and to secure the Pikes from the Bullets which would have more power to breake them if they hold them advanc'd Besides it is the most aptest and comliest Posture for a Company to use in marching thorow a Port or Gate and most readiest for to charge upon a sudden Checke your Pike This Posture is to be performed at three Motions First if your Pike be shouldered you are to raise it with your right hand from your shoulder and with a ticke of your left hand you are to convey the butt-end of it by your right side then thrusting backe your right with the Pike in it so farre as conveniently may be you are to take a fathom with your left hand as farre towards the Speare end of the Pike as possibly you may then conveying the Pike in your left hand baackward as before you are againe with your right hand to take another fathome within a foot of your Pikes end Lastly stepping forwards with your left foote you bring your left hand withall which receives the Pike within a quarter of a foot of the Speares end Provided alwayes that in all the motions of the hands you suffer not the butt-end to touch the ground untill you have checkt it with your left hand Pikes as you were Trayle your Pikes This Posture is performed after you have used the Circumstances in checking as in the precedent Posture is shewed by bringing up your Right foot even with your left and by removing your right hand just before your left close to the end of the Pike then you are to withdraw your left hand and place it a-kimbo by your side and your right hand will hold the end of the Speare just above your right huckle-bone with your body standing full forwards Pikes as you were Lay downe your Pikes This Posture is to bee performed your Pike being advanced by stepping forwards with your right foot then your right shoulder with a small bearing forwards and with it a little jogge causeth the Pike to meet the left hand which gently conveyes the Speares end to the ground then turning about your right arme in a kind of Circle will cause the backe of your hand to bee next the outside of your right Thigh then leaning your body forwards you convey the butt-end to the ground close at the side of your right foot so as the Pike will lye in an even line from your foot forwards Recover your Pikes and charge This Posture is performed your feet standing even together only owing your body forwards you cause the backe of your right hand to bee put downe close by the out-side of your right foot then in the raising of the butt-end of your Pike you turne your hand with the Pike in it so that the inside of your hand will bee towards your right side Then your left hand in the raising taketh the Pike at a convenient place or distance and elevates it either to the Posture of charging or ordering as the Officer shall please to command The word of Command which the Officer is to use for the reducing of these Postures to their first station is Pikes as you were There are divers other Postures which I doe here omit referring you to the booke of Militarie discipline Composed by that worthy Gentleman Master William Barrife Lieutenant to the Artillery Garden who hath merited much honour in performing so Noble a worke in a most concise and exquisite way for the which our Kingdome is much bound to him CHAP. LXXVIII How the Commanders shall draw their Files both of Musquetiers and Pikes and joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse YOu have seene every Souldier performe his Postures well then you must draw out the File-leader of the Right-hand-file with his whole File Commanding every File-leader successively to draw up his File either of other And being drawne into a body command them to advance their Pikes In the meane time the Lieutenant or some other Officer
great Ordnance it serves also for a guard for any great Personage or Commander to passe through It is also commonly used for the Lodging of the Colours The manner to performe this motion is the same with the last precedent motion differing only in this that whereas in the former all the whole Ranks turned to the right behind their right-hand men in this motion the left Flank or half-Ranks to the left fall into the outmost File to the left and the halfe-Ranks to the right behind their severall right-hand men For reducement the word of Command for it is Files Rank to the right and left inwards as you were viz. the Ranks which before inverted into Files now are to convert into Ranks as they were The nature of this motion which is performed by conversion produceth Ranks as the former motion of Inversion did Files Wherefore you may use this word of Command Ranks Ranke 3. 5. 7. or 9. to the right 4. 6. 8. or 10. to the left By increase 2. 4. 6. 8. c. to the right By increase 1. 3. 5. 7. c. to the left Intire to the right into the Front Intire to the left into the Front By division into the Front The word of Command to reduce these into their former station is Rank Ranks as you were Ranks Wheel to the Right Left Right and left Files Rank 3. 5. 7. or 9. to the right 4. 6. 8. or 10. to the left By increase to the right 1. 3. 5. 7. c. By increase to the left 2. 4. 6. 8. c. To the right To the left into the Front The word of Command to reduce these into their former station is Ranks File as you were Now observe that the severall parts of this motion which is distinguished by the name of Conversion consists of Ranks Ranking In equall parts In unequall parts Intire into the Front By division into the Front By wheeling to the Flanks Files Ranking By equall parts By unequall parts Intire into the Front First of Ranks ranking in equall parts it is thus to be understood when there are 12 or 20 more or lesse marching a Brest and the Commander finding his passage narrow or for any other intent commandeth his Ranks to Rank 3 or 6 a Brest or 5 10 or any other number every Rank holding equality of number Secondly observe that Ranks then Rank by unequall parts when they Rank by increase or decrease as for example when the first Rank shall be 3 the next 5 then 7 9 c. which is commonly used in triangular figures as the Horsemans-wedge or the Diamond-Battell Thirdly observe that Ranks then rank intire into the Front when the first Rank stands the second Rank placeth it self upon the right or left of the first the third by the second the fourth by the third and so forwards for all the rest untill all the Ranks according to their Cōmand either to the right or left are become one Rank in the Front Fourthly observe that Ranks then rank by division into the Front when the second Rank and all the rest of the Ranks behind open to the right left the one part going to the right and the other to the left ranking even with the first as is shewed in the former and all these being joyned together makes one intire Rank Fifthly observe that Ranks then rank to the Flank or Flanks when either the right-hand man of each Rank or left-hand man or both together are as it were the Hinge of the motion the residue of each Rank wheeling about them to the right or left or to each hand by division untill that every Rank bee brought into the distance which was before the Rank between the right-handman of the Rank next before and the right-hand man of the same Rank you stand in If it bee to the left then they wheel into the distance between the left-hand Leaders of each Rank If it bee by division then halfe the Rank wheeleth to the right and the other halfe to the left which produceth two Ranks Sixthly observe that Files then rank by equall parts when they rank 3 4 or 5 a Brest be it more or lesse still keeping the number of men in Rank of due proportion If you rank three a Brest either to the right or left and your Files be but ten deep then the first nine men makes three Ranks and the fourth Rank must be made up by the Leader and the next that follows him of the second File and so for all the rest If you rank five and the Files be ten deep then every File makes two Ranks c. Seventhly observe that Files then rank by unequall parts when they either rank by progressionall increase or by decrease as when every Rank exceeds the Rank before it by two three or foure bee it more or lesse or else that each Rank decreaseth after the same manner Eighthly observe that Files then rank intire into the Front when there is so much distance between File and File as will contain each File Rank-wise every man in the File marching forwards to the right or left as shall bee commanded untill he stand even in Rank with the Leader of his File which brings the body into one Rank As for Ranks wheeling by Conversion to the right and left or Ranks ranking to each Flank by wheeling it differeth from Ranks filing both in manner and matter In differs in manner thus whereas in Ranks filing to the right and left the right and left-hand File-Leaders preserve and continue their places in this wheeling by Conversion to the right and left you shall find it contrary to Ranks filing for the innermost File-Leaders become the outmost men in that part where the Front stood the other File-Leaders rank even within them for when the word of Command is given for wheeling you are to wheel your aspects unto the hand or part named whereby you either become a Rank or Ranks and not Files This way of wheeling is a very speedy motion for a great body if they have their due distance to give fire to one or both Flanks The manner or performing it follows Ranks wheele to the right and left by division To perform this wheeling by division the right and left-hand men of every Rank are to become the hinges of the motion the rest of each Rank wheeling by equall division to the right and left about and above the right and left-hand Leaders untill they become Ranks to the Flanks If you will avoid mixture of Arms then place all your Muskets in Front or Rear or else wheele only your Muskets and leave your Pikes standing or else it may be done the body marching at length the Muskets being in the Front Rear division The word for the reducemēt is Ranks Rank as you were which is performed by facing to the Rear and then to wheel back into their places then face to their Leaders and they will be in their former station
may bee reduc'd by another intire Countermarch by File of what kind or to what hand soever File-Leaders stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders This Bastard Countermarch being partly derived from the Macedonian and Lacedaemonian Countermarches is thus to be performed The File-Leaders stand the rest of the Body advance their Armes The second Rank first passing through to the right and placing themselves before the first Rank the third Rank before the second the fourth before the third and so forwards for all the rest untill the last Rank or Bringers up are become the formost which perfects the motion You may reduce it by countermarching to the contrary hand or if you please you may reduce it by another like it selfe Ranks to the right-hand Countermarch This Chorean Countermarch of Ranks is an altering or changing of one Flank for the other the Battalia still keeping the same ground only the right Flank becomes the left and the left is changed into the right To performe this motion you are to command your Company to face to the right by which the Ranks are become now Files then countermarching them down the Intervalls or distance between Rank and Rank marching forth-right unto the part which was the left Flank with their Ranks File-wise following them Being come unto their ground they face as before and the Countermarch is performed For the reducement let them countermarch to the left-hand back again and they will be in their first station Ranks to the right-hand Countermarch every man turning after his right-hand man on the ground he stands This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of Ranks is a falling on upon the left Flank the motion being begun by the right it leaves all the ground the Battalia stood on and assumes in place thereof the ground besides the left Flank turning the aspect to the left It is thus to bee performed The whole Body faceth to the right and then the right-hand File being faced becomes a Rank begins the Countermarch turning down the Intervalls of the Ranks which by this facing is made the distance between the Files and so marcheth forth-right beyond the left Flank every man following of him that was his right-hand man but not stepping forward one foot of ground untill the Countermarch be performed For the reducement of this Countermarch you must command them to countermarch again to the left and they will be as at first or if you please you may reduce it by another of the same kind as followeth Right-hand File face to the right the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Right-hand men This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of Ranks makes a falling on upon the right Flank the motion being from the left Flank to the right leaving all the ground whereon the Battalia stood and in lieu thereof takes the ground besides the right Flank It is performed after this manner The right-hand File faceth to the right and passeth through the Intervalls or Spaces to the right placing themselves before their right-hand men until the left-hand File become the formost Rank if you do this Countermarch by it self then for reducement first face them to their Front proper then let the left-hand Files face to the left and do as much to the left and they will be in their first station Right-hand Files face to the left the rest passe through to the right placing your selves behind your right-hand men This Macedonian Countermarch of Ranks is contrary to the former for it dismarcheth from the enemy upon that Flank where he approaches presents the contrary Flank to receive the Charge It is performed after this manner The outmost File to the right faceth to the left the rest of the Body or Battalia faceth to the right every man passing through to the right and placing themselves behind their right-hand men For the reducement of this Countermarch do but command them to doe as much to the left as first they did to the right and they will be in their first forme Or if you please you may make use of this following Bastard Countermarch to performe the same Right-hand file stand the rest passe through to the right placing your selves on the outside of your right-hand man This Bastard Countermarch of Ranks doth alter both ground and Flank still reserving the Aspect without alteration the manner of acting it followeth The outmost or right-hand File standeth the rest of the Body facing to the right passe through to the right every man placing of himselfe on the right side of his right-hand man and so standing even in Rank the motion still continuing untill the left-hand File is become the right and the right-hand File the left If you command this Countermarch to bee performed alone then to reduce it you must cause the left-hand File to stand then do as much to the left as before you did to the right and they will be in their first forme Countermarch Front and Rear into the midst This divisionall Chorean Countermarch brings your File-Leaders and Bringers up together in the midst and the Ranks that were in the midst into the Front and Rear Every man is to march up into his Leaders ground before he faceth about to countermarch To performe this you must cause the halfe-Files to face about then the File-Leaders stepping forwards with the right legge are to face about to the right passing down the Intervalls upon the right hand the rest of the Front half-Files following their Leaders and not turning untill they come to the ground where their Leaders turned down before them The Bringers up with the Rear half-Files at the same instant are to turn down their Intervalls upon the left-hand the rest of their division following them untill the File-Leaders and Bringers up meet together in the midst of the Battell and then having faced all to their Leaders the motion is performed You may reduce it by doing the same thing over again or any other divisionall Countermarch of File File-Leaders half-File-Leaders stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders This Bastard Countermarch doth bring the Leaders and Bringers up together into the midst and saves two facings and is more readily performed than the former The way to performe the motion is as followeth The first Rank stands and the halfe-File-Leaders stand then those of the Front half-Files are to passe through their Intervalls to the right placing themselves before their File-Leaders the second Rank are to place themselves before the first the third before the second the fourth before the third c. The Rear half-Files at the same instant are to perform the like placing themselves before their half-File-Leaders as the other did before their File-Leaders This motion may either bee reduced by acting the same over againe to the contrary hand or else by countermarching the Front and Rear into the midst or by any other
by way of Counter-march and is an oblique firing for whereas in the other firing by Rankes in the Diamond Battell each Ranke fired by increase of two beginning with one and ending with 15. 17. or 21 c. according to the quantitie of your Souldiers in a Ranke this second kind of firing contrary wise may beginne with 15. 17. or 21 c. and end with one still decreasing two and to performe this firing your Files must be at open order because the Musquetiers must Counter-march downe betweene the Intervals of their owne Files to the right every Musquetiere that findes him-himselfe without a Leader being to present and give fire and then to Counter-march to the right and to place himselfe in the Reere of his owne File behind the Pikes when the first Ranke if it consists but of 15. have given fire then the next Ranke of 13. is to present give fire and Counter-march still placing themselves in the Reere of their owne files next there fireth 11. then 9 c. And in this manner of firing they that fire together stand neither in Ranke nor File but obliquely when all the shot have fired and are Counter-marcht into the Reere of their owne Files then the Rankes will become two and two of a number Your men standing in the forme before described if you please you may produce another forme by facing them all to the Reere then command your Musquetiers to march ten or twelve paces your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers will make resemblance of a hollow wedge and your Piks of a sollid wedge Lastly to reduce all these severall formes into the first proper square battell first let the sollid wedge close forwards into the hollow of the other then let the shot make ready present and give fire as before viz. every Musquetiere that findes himselfe without a Leader is to give fire and Counter-march to the Reere of his owne File and the rest doing the like successively when they have all fired and are all Counter-marcht cleare let the Pikes charge and then the body of your Battallia will have the forme of a Diamond againe Next face them all to the Reere and command the Rankes to file 8. c. to the right which being done passe the shot through which belongs to the left flanke into their places and close the Musquetiers to the right Flanke to their due distance and then they will stand in their proper reducement Wheele your Flankes into the front and face the body to one of the flanks and wheele your battell into a Convex halfe Moone The manner and use of the severall wayes of firing belonging to this forme of the Convex half Moone or semi-circuler Battell is a forme which our Schoolemaster in the rudiments Julius Casar did highly esteeme of it makes shew but of a few Souldiers in regard of the rotunditie of it yet being drawne out in Length it makes a very long Front it may be for the Landing of Souldiers in the enemies country or being secured in the Reere with Rivers Bogges Ditches or the like it hath beene accounted very prevalent to be opposed against an Armie of greater power It may be framed either with the shot outermost or innermost or lined If your battell be in forme of a Hearse then wheele them to the right and left about untill they have attained this forme of a Semicircle but if in a square then you must make use of those words of command plac'd in the Margent which will produce this Convex forme Having brought your Souldiers into this Semicircle you may face them all inwards the better to heare such speeches or orations as shall be by the Commander delivered unto them but for to receive a charge from the enemy you must face them outwards there must be certaine intervalls or distances betwixt each division for the shot to wheele off and march downe in The outmost Arch or first ranke of each division is to present and give fire those of the right Flanke wheeling off to the right and the left Flanke to the left placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions of Musquetiers still making good their Leaders ground the rest of the Rankes are to doe the same until they have all given fire Never the lesse if the enemies horse should bee too potent then let them give fire by division as is shewed before passing quite through their intervalls and placing themselves in the Reere of the Pikes every ranke is to make good his Leaders ground Thus also are the rest of the Musquitiers to give fire placing themselves in the concave part of the body as aforesaid following the Pikes which now makes good the Musquetiers ground the Pikes may eyther charge over hand or upon occasion at the foote drawing forth their Swords over their left arme and couching downe their heads by which meanes the Musquitiers may play over their shoulders for the first ranke having fired may kneele downe and charge againe and so the second ranke may give fire and kneele in like sort making ready againe and so all the rest untill the first ranke riseth up with the rest and give fire over againe So the skirmish may be continued the Pikes still opposing the Horse Pikes stand Musquetiers face to the reere and march until your are cleere of your body of Pikes Then face inwards and close your division then face to your Leader and double your Rankes For the reducement of this forme and to bring every Man to his place Let your shot either by firing or passing through be brought into the place they were in before they first gave fire then face the whole body to one of the flankes and march them untill they have evened their Rankes and straitned their Files this done then if all your Pikes be upon the right flanke wheele your right flanke into the midst if on the left flanke wheele Front and Reere into the left flanke This being preformed the Commander must passe to his proper file-Leaders and face the whole body to him and they will be in their first forme This way of firing by extraduction is also a firing in Front it is of singuler good use in a Strait or narrow passage where the wings and Reere may be secured from the fury of the Enemies Horse you must fill the mouth of the Passage with your Pikes and if the length of your Company be not sufficient to doe it then double your Rankes and your Pikes being charged Your Musquetiers being in the Reere are to march up into the Front and give fire as in the next place shal be demonstrated onely first by the way observe the words of directions placed in the Margent which produceth this forme The battel being ordred as a foresaid Let the first Ranke of Musquetiers which are those that followes next after the Pikes face to the right and march forth File-wise up close by the right flanke of Pikes untill he that is
their right Flanke by division then the Reere halfe Files of the left Flanke are to face about to the right and then both the Front halfe Files and the Reere halfe Files are to march forthright untill they are cleere of that part of the body that stands then each division faceth that way they are to double which the Front halfe Files must doe to the right and the Reere halfe Files to the left and so march forth right untill the doubling be performed then the Reere division that doubled is to face to the Reere and the Front division is to face front proper and the right flanke that stood is to face to the right hand whereby they are fast ready to give fire three severall wayes at once the manner of firing is thus performed the formost Rankes of Musquetiers on each part having fired they wheele off to the right or to the right and left according as they shall bee commanded placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions the next Ranke in the meane time moving forwards into their Leaders ground there in like manner firing wheeling off and placing themselves as before the rest of the rankes performing the like successively for reducement face them all to their Front proper then command the halfe rankes that doubled to face to the left and so to march into their places the figure of this precedent discourse followeth in the next Page Front proper Serjeant Serjeant Front of the right Flanke Serjeant Front of the Reere There are divers other wayes of firings which I am forced to omit desiring you to turne into the excellent book of Millitary discipline composed by Lievetenant Barriff wherein you may be further instructed and see the Poligons or Figures belonging to most of these instructions which I have briefely discoursed of wishing you by all meanes not to omit any of them in your exercises if time and patience may give you leave and if you should passe by any let them be onely your divisionall Motions as for your intire motions eyther of doublings Counter-marches or wheelings c. you must be very circumspect and carefull to performe them all otherwise all your paines will be to no purpose Now for the marching out of the field your Company standing in a square forme viz. the shot upon each flanke of the Pikes the Lievetenant leads away the first division of shot with a Serjeant attending him the Drumme beating betweene the third and fourth ranke of the same division of shot the Ensigne is to march before the first division of Pikes following a pritty distance behind the first division of shot with the Drum placed as before The eldest Serjeant is to march before the second division of Pikes The second Serjeant marcheth before the last division of shot with the Captaine in the Reere of all and being marcht to the place where the Colours should be lodged let them as they march invert to the right and left viz. the rankes are to file to the right and left by division then all the Musquetiers are to face in opposition to cocke their matches guard their Pans and rest their Musquets the Pikemen in the meane time are to advance their Pikes and close their Rankes and Files to their order which being done the Drum beating a Troope at the head of the Pikes All the chiefe Officers in their due places are to passe through this guard into the appointed place for the Allodgement of the colours then the Serjeant is to cause all the Musquetiers to face about to the right and present and upon the first beate of the Drum they are all to give fire in one volley then the Drum beating a call and makes proclamation of silence the captaine is to deliver them such orders as he hath in charge to acquaint them with all eyther from the Lord Lievetenants or the Counsell which being done he is to dismisse them untill the next summons for their appearance In the next discourse I shall intreate about the exercising of Horse-Troopes and so make a generall discourse of all the parts belonging to the body of Warre THE DRILLING OR EXERCISING OF HORSE TROOPES SECT XII CHAP. XCVI Of the preheminency and dignitie of Officers for the avoiding of disputes with a short Declaration of the high Office of the Generall of the Horse HAving finished those instructions concerning the exercising of foote Companies by which meanes they may be fitted and prepared for Service And before we can come to intreate either of Marching Incamping or Imbattelling It is necessary wee should shew some briefe instructions for the Drilling and exercising of Horse troopes in regard no Army can be compleate in power and strength for the exercising of such things of Importance as the cause may require unlesse compounded of Foote and Horse otherwise it must of necessity hault and make use of the stilt of some peculiar place for advantage and safetie and not to looke the Enemy in the face in all places And in regard divers Nations are diversly opinionated some esteeming the Infantrie better than the Caualliary as our English hath done others esteeme the Cavalliarie better than the Infantry as the French yet according to the nature and situation of the country or place the Army is to be imployed in whether Inclosures or Champion accordingly it must be compounded of more or lesse of th' one or th' other But for the avoiding of disputes which may arise amongst the Officers of either part for place of preheminencie and dignitie you shall finde by this Aphorisme amplified with the authority of the Ancient Sages that in profession either Civill or Millitary those are more honourable which have greater charge or require greater knowledge as to rule a State is more noble than to governe a Cittie and this more eminent than to order a Family In which respect though the true end of Horse and foote be one and the same to defend aright and redresse a wrong and per case that of foote be generally more usefull yet this of Horse is the more honorable Service because his vertue and knowledge is exercised as well in Managing and defending of his Horse as of himselfe upon whose safegarde his life and honour depends as well as in immediate defence of his owne person thus much for the dignity of place As for the Officers of the Cauallrie I wil onely with all brevitie touch such things for instruction as are most naturall in every particular Office and then transferre them to the taking of a practicall Surveigh of what is commended to the Generall of the Army and to the rest of the Officers of the Infantrie for if it were possible there ought to be no difference in experience Wisedome and Valour amongst all Officers if they could attaine unto it The Generall of the Horse hath the eminent controule and commande of all the Cavalrie or Horse Regiments of what nature or composition whatsoever
may be He is likewise to be skilfull and well experienced in the use of Mappes that thereby he may truely know how all the Roades and wayes lye with the Situation and distances betweene Towne and Towne He is to keepe a List of the Guards and is to visit them both day and night shewing the Allarme place to all the inferiour Quartermasters when they come to take the word of him When the Lord High Marshall takes a view of the ground whereon to Incampe the Armie he is to Summon all the inferiour Quartermasters belonging to every Regiment and those Quartermasters are to call together every Furrier and Harbenger and so are to attend the Lord Marshall to the intended Campe then the Chiefe Quartermaster is to stake out the forme of the Incampement or intrenchment and also the distances for each Regiment and then every particular Quartermaster is to allot out the distances for the alodgement of every private Company He is to give his due attendance to the Generall and to the Lord High Marshall to be imployed about such things as they shall give him in charge If any order for hast bee given him by word of mouth himselfe must goe and deliver it and not trust it to others the Inferiour Quartermasters are to assist him in all his affaires CHAP. C. The Office of the Captaine of the Cavallry THis Officer ought to be qualified with all those Noble parts which are to be expected in a foot Captaine and rather in a fuller measure in regard he is to governe man and beast He must bee a perfect and absolute Horseman teaching his Horse by the Motion of his hand legge and body to understand all things belonging to the Riders pleasure he must be carefull in making his whole Troope good Horsemen teaching them how to sit a horse in a comely posture carrying his body upright the right hand bearing his Pistoll or Carbine coucht upon his thigh the left hand with the bridle raines under the guard of the Pummell of the Saddle and his legges close and streight by the horses sides with his toes turned a little inwards his horse so well managed that he will stand constantly without rage or distemper then he is to be made sensible by yeelding the body or thrusting forwards the riders legges when to put himselfe forwards into a short or large trot then how by the even stroke of both is spuâ—res to passe into a swift Carrire then how to gallop the field either in large ringes midles or lesse rings either to turne with speede upon the one or the other hand then to put him into a gentle gallop right forth in an even line and suddenly to stop and upon the halfe stop to turne swiftly and roundly Then lastly how to retire backe or to make him flye sidewayes on the one or the other side according as the advantage of fight shall give him occasion he is likewise to see his Souldiers well horst with compleate armour their furniture sufficient their bridles well rayned and lyned with a wire chaine their Pistolls and Carbines strong and fixe and he must strive to make all his Souldiers as good Shot or markes men as himselfe or else all his labour will be to little purpose He must be wary of over slipping any opportunity which may be taken either in offending the Enemie or securing himselfe for not to adventure when he should is cowardize and not prudence and to dare when he should not is rashnesse and not valour wherefore he must frame his Counsells and actions upon the Mould of necessary circumstances He must further know that the weapons of Victory are formed on the forge of Discipline for it both Captaine and Souldiers have not this temper they will loose the edge of their valours in the tryall and turne the points into their owne Bowels Further there is nothing snatcheth victory out of the hand of the Conquerour so much as untimely falling to the spoyle upon such disorder fortune alwayes turnes her wheele and maketh victors of them that before were vanquished He must diligently observe the orders which shall be given him from his Superiours and not faile to be with his Troope at the time and place required Vpon all occasions he is to be first mounted on horse backe and is to have his Company full and compleate and what ill fortune so ever should seeme to befall him he must not discover any feare for upon his courage and countenance the souldiers depend wherefore he must have a good resolution attend him In a pitcht battell he must seldome or never seeke to charge the enemie in the Front especially if the two armies are neere joyning fearing least his horses wrong his foote troopes by a disorderly retreate than possibly he can offend the enemie wherefore the best and safest place to charge the enemie upon is the flankes and reare When the enemie shall charge you with one of his Troopes doe not you rush forth to meete them but if your ground be of advantage keepe it if not advance softly forwards untill the enemy be within 100. paces of you and then fall into your Careire by this meanes your horse will be in breath and good order when as the Enemie will be to seeke The Captaine of the Cuirassiers hath the Priority the next is the Captaine of the Harquinburies the Captaine of the Carbines hath the third place the Dragones are of the meanest account although many times they doe the best service And for conclusion let all noble Captaines that desire the honour of their King and welfare of the Countrie not suffer themselves to be gold and deluded by their Souldiers which bring them borrowed horses and furniture not of their owne and chopping and changing of their men and not appearances so that our Troopes are so deficient that if an enemie should aproach we shall be to seeke of halfe our Troopes and them not halfe exercised CHAP. CI. The Office of the Liefetenant of the Cavallry THis Officer is to beare the true Image of his Captaine for he is imployed upon many services by his Captaine more than any other inferiour Officers are as guarding some particular passages riding out upon parties to scowre the Country and to gaine intelligence from the Country people of the enemies proceedings He is many times sent out to command a certaine number of horse for the safeguard of the Forragers and for the intercepting and guarding of some Fords and passages He is to exercise and Drill his men wisely and orderly using his command over them that he may be more beloved than feared He commands in his Captaines absence soly he is to March in the reare of his Troope causing the Souldiers to follow their Captaine and Corner in good order not suffering any to straggle from the Troope When he is to passe upon any duty he is first to gaine the best instructions for the
roofe of the mouth and likewise the lippes with a kinde of Chirrupping doth much put a horse forwards in a gentle straine The Rod is a very necessary instrument if used aright viz. not to correct your Horse with it out of season but onely at the very instant he erreth for there is no such way as a good wand well labored upon a stubborne horse that is wresty The Bridle governes a Horse as the Helme doth the Ship and it is the principall instrument about him to bring him in subjection and to fit him for service wherefore divers things in it are considerable as the fashion of the bit sutable to the tendernesse of his mouth the Musrowle the Cheekes kurbles ports treaches and such like bitts according to the discretion of the Rider He most likewise know when to ride his Horse with a Bitte then with what manner of Bitte and how to use it at first putting on and in what part of his mouth it must rest Likewise how to hold the Raynes when even together and when one shorter than another and what measure he shall keepe with his hand in bearing hard or loose high or low when to use the false Raynes or Musrowle and when to leave them when and how to correct him with the Bridle and when to helpe him Many men spoile their Horse at first by using to sharpe a Bitte wherefore the safest way is to take a plaine Cannon with right cheekes and that hath beene formerly used placing it a little above his great teeth annointing it with a little honey mixt with salt which will make him leane to it and delight in it the better The Raynes you must hold in your left hand so as your little finger and Ring finger be betwixt the two Raynes and your thumbe may lye close upon the Raynes with the brane thereof turned towards the sadles pummell being destitute of a Rodde take the overplusse that hangeth downe by the middest in your right hand holding just by your right thigh In bearing your bridle you must observe three severall wayes first by bearing the Raynes low beneath the pummell of the saddle even with the witherâ— which is a ready way to correct him Secondly bearing your hand heigher towards the middest of the pommell thâ—â— maintaines him Thirdly bearing him just above the Pommell that is used in managing him to beare the hand higher is by sundry Authors disallowed first in regard it weâ—â—ieth the arme secondly if neede require you have not so much power to stoppe your Horse when you would Thirdly being upon Service in the field against your enemy the bearing of your hand so high would be a trouble unto your defence and a commodity to your enemie for thereby he may easily cut your Raynes in sunder Lastly you can have no steady hand upon your horse for any continnance by meanes whereof he can never rayne well nor port his head steedy unlesse you beare your hand low remembring when you turne your horse neither to draw your armes nor hands more on the one side than the other but keepe it even with the horses crest and onely to turne your fist a little inward or outwards to signifie unto him what hand you would have him turne unto for the helpe of the caulfe and heele in riding the Ring you must consider divers Circumstances as first a single stroake of the contrary legge to the side you intend to turne upon as for example if you would have him turne on the right side then you must touch him with your left legge if on the left hand then with your right legge Secondly a double stroake striking him with both your legges together with an even stroake and this is to make him thrust forwards Thirdly the closing stroake as for example when you would have your horse close his turne well as namely to the right hand then in his turning touch him with your left legge in the spurring place and with your right legge immediatly after more backwards towards his flanke Fourthly to strike with both heeles one after the other foure or five times serves for a correction when your horse transgresseth The use of the Stirâ—op availeth much in helping a young horse in his beginning for if he carries his head or necke a wry or hang on one side more than another by striking him with the Stirrop under the shoulder on the contrary side will cause him to amend his fault The use of the Spurre is to helpe when the horse hath beene first backt halfe a score times and when you first use them let it be in a new fallow field which lyes upon stetches and then tro the Ring and when you put spurres to him forget not to helpe him with your voyce or lippes How and when to use the spurre you may observe what is before spoken of the calfe and heele CHAP. CIV Further Instructions concerning the ordering and riding of a Horse for Service with the use of the Ring NOw let us proceede further to the instructing of horses and fitting them for the imployment of warre wherein the Rider must use great diligence in making him tread loftily to keepe one path and to trot cleane which is one of the chiefest points then to goe softly to runne or to gallope Secondly you must teach him to be light at stoppe Thirdly to advance or rise up with his fore legges Fourthly to turne readily upon both hands with single turne or double turne Fiftly to make a sure and ready mannage Sixthly to passe a swift carriere for which purpose you must take a new fallowed land with deepe forrowes to make him lift up his feete then trotting him right out about the length of a hundred paces crosse the Ridges then ride him a good way up one of the furrowes in such part of the land as will admitte space enough Then beginne to turne on the right hand making him easily treade out a round circle twise together containing twenty five or thirty paces and being come about at the second time to the place you began then tread out the like circle Ring on the left hand after twise going about it then beginne againe on the right hand and so shift from Ring to Ring treading each of them twice about untill you have gone about the left Ring foure times and the right Ring sixe times this being performed trot him right out in the same furrow where he began first the length of thirty paces And then pulling in your Bridle hand stoppe him and stay a pretty while together causing him to stand still keeping his head and body right in the furrow this being performed then turne him softly on the right hand and being come round againe in to the same path trot him backe againe into the place from whence first he came then alight off his backe coying and encouraging him this you must performe eight dayes
together but after that time is expired you must increase his Ring turnes by two and by two untill he comes to twenty two viz. ten for the left Ring and twelve for the right the proportion of the Ring I have here drawne whereby any man may perceive both the Rings together with the furrowes and place of stopping and turning If you finde your horse not fitting but untoward and unable to tread out this Ring then let some other horse that is perfect tread it out before him and let him follow him but if you tread it out your selfe doe not trot your horse but tread it out softly untill the way be beaten that he may the better see how to demeane himselfe then afterwards to fall on with a gentle trot But if your horse be over metled you shall not suffer him to trot the Rings at all but onely to tread them faire and softly for two or three dayes together untill be be staied and acquainted with them If through often treading the Rings grow hard then tread out new ones When you come to mannage your horse or to passe a carriere it is not then best to use one place alwayes or one length lest hee be to seeke when he change places thinking he should not doe it in any other place or that hee should not passe his accustomed length and so stoppe before you would have him After you have ridden your horse a few weekes you may increase your Ring turnes every day two times untill hee come to 46. which makes a leaven large turnes and a halfe viz. 22. for the left Ring and 24. for the right When soever you gallop your horse in the Ring remember alwayes to helpe him with your Voyce Rodde or Spurre according as the quality of the horse shall require and when he doth well forget not to cherish him When you have trotted or troad your number of Rings that you shall see meete then trot your horse right out in the furrow between the two rings untill you come to the place of stop there staying a good pretty while together keepe his body right in the path and after hee hath made his stoppe you must cause him to goe backe three or foure steps which will not onely stay his mouth and make him easie rayned but also lift his legges and be apt to advance or rise before To teach him to goe backe you must so soone as he hath stopt pull in your bridle hand moderately according as the horses resistance shall require so keeping your hand steady without giving him any liberty strike him softly upon the bowing of his necke with your riding rod saying with a soft voyce in that instant back back I say thus being obsequious unto him a pretty while together if he then will not move his legges or doth make resistance then spurre him in time first with one spurre then with the other but most of that side his hinder part stands out of order when these things are performed and your horse well verst in them then at the stop you shall further teach him to advance or rise with both his fore feete together three or foure times a foote or halfe a yard above the ground this thing is so necessary that the horse cannot manage well nor turne readily without this performance If he will not advance by striking him at his stoppe on the right shoulder with your rod then keepe still a steady hand and correct him twise or thrice together with the even stroke of your spurres or else with one spurre after another cherishing him with your voyce as saying hup hup or hoyce immediately after trot him out againe the distance of forty or fifty foote with a swift trot and at the stoppe doe as you did before continuing the same course untill he be perfect likewise you may teach him the same devices upon his gallop In the next place we are to take notice of the narrow and streight turnes having sufficiently spoken of the former large turnes of the narrow turnes there are three kindes viz. halfe turnes whole turnes and double turnes The halfe turne is when the Horse turneth on the one side and setteth his head the way his Tayle before stood the way he goes being but halfe a Circle but if he doubles it and goes the whole circumference of the Circle his head will stand as it did at his first setting out and this is called a whole turne and two such whole turnes will make a double turne in these turnes divers things are to be considered First that the horse brings in the contrary legge upon the other and that he carries his legges neither too high nor too low also that he keepeth alwayes one path and that he neither presseth forwards not reeleth backwards in his turning also that he keepeth his body at one stay not any wayes awry neither head necke nor any part of his body but to come in whole and round together and to close his turnes in so narrow a roome as may be When you are come out of your Ring trot your horse right out in the middle furrow unto the place of stop and having stopt turne your horse faire and softly on the right hand taking circumference enough that being done give him the like turne on the left hand and then returne him againe as before on the right hand Note when he is to turne on the right hand he is to bring his left foote over the right foote before which is performed by helping him with your voyce in saying to him turne here and by striking him with your rod moderately upon the left shoulder Likewise when you turne him on the left hand helpe him with your voyce as before and with your rod on the right shoulder to bring in the right fore foote over the left fore foote If your horse be harder to turne on one side than on the other you must helpe him with the contrary legge or spurre or with your rod by beating him on the contrary shoulder And to make him close truely it shall be needfull to helpe him with your closing stroke of your heele and Spurre Further if your Horse be so stiffe necked and wresty that he will turne upon one hand and not upon the other you shall tread out in new plowed Land another fashioned Ring as beneath is figured which both differs in shape and in the order of treading from the former For whereas you were wont before in the former figure to goe twice about in the right ring following still the right hand and then to goe twice about the left ring following then the left hand Now in this last ring you shall goe three times about each of them following still the right hand in both of them and whereas before foure goings about made a large turne now sixe goings about shall doe no more than make a large turne the reason is this if you should
goe out of the right ring at the second turne for to enter into the left ring and would follow still the right hand as you must doe then you shall lacke a good deals of closing the second turne as you may perceive by this last figure in the right ring where the place is marked that you should goe out of for to enter into the left wing with the letter A. and the place of closing your turne with the letter B. betwixt which two letters is contained the portion of a Circle which will be wanting wherefore of necessity you must goe thrice about to the intent the second turne may be fully ended as for any overplusse it makes no matter To this last ring is also added a middle furrow with two places of stoppings and turnings meete to mannage a horse trotting him there in the length of a good Cariere and having made him stoppe and advance make much of him and stay a good while and untill he hath mended his fault of not turning which way you would have him you must with your bridle hand shorten one Rayne of that side he desires he should turne upon then having a foote man standing against him with a sticke in his hand and as you move your fist to turne your horse on that side he is unwilling to turne upon at that same instant shall strike him upon the nose not leaving him untill he turnes Likewise making use of his voyce to provoke him then being turned and trotted the uppermost ring round you must returne backe in the same furrow againe even hard to the second little ring and there likewise let a man stand as before is shewed to strike him upon the stop and cause him to turne upon the right hand which hand a horse must alwayes first turne upon but if he be harder to turne on the left hand than on the right then begin in first with the left Ring observing the order and directions before exprest Likewise with a Cord fastned to the middle eye of the bit on the side he will not turne upon and tye the other end unto the Sursingle on the same side strayning it pritty hard to make him bow his necke thus chasing him round in the Circle divers times unloosen the cord and hold it in that hand which is next the side he will not turne upon in stead of a false rayne then trot him forth the length of twenty or thirty paces and there stop where one must stand with a rod threatning him and if neede be beating him upon the contrary side to cause him to turne and the rider strayning the cord a little will make him performe it Then trot him backe and cause him to performe the like using the same meanes a fore prescribed CHAP. CV How to manage a Horse for Service foure kindes of wayes IN this next progresse we are to observe foure kindes of managing a Horse to fit him for service First when you make your Horse double his turnes Secondly when you gallop the field making him wave in and out as is used in single skirmish Thirdly when you make him leape a loft fetching divers saltes or curveates but this is not so proper to teach to a horse for service Fourthly when you pace trot and gallop him too and fro in one path the length of twenty or thirty paces turning him at each end thereof either with single turne whole turne or double turne this is termed manage and in this word there is three things observable as first the manage with halfe rest that is to cause your horse at the end of every managing path to stop and then to advance twise together and at the second bound to turne whereby you rest one bound The manage with the whole râ—st is when you turne him at the third bound and so you rest two bounds the managing without rest is when you turne him immediately upon the stop without any tarriance at all which is most in use with us Note when your Horse turneth upon the right Hand turne you your left shoulder towards his left eare keeping your body upright in the Saddle so that the raynes of your backe may directly answere the ridg-bone of the horses backe never the lesse when you feele him to bend his hinder houghs then leane you somewhat backewards for that will make him close his turne the more roundly and swiftly likewise when he turnes on the left hand accompany him with your right shoulder towards his right eare observing as before Your horse being perfect in all points before mentioned you shall ride him into some plaine sandy way voyde of all occasions of stumbling and to acquaint him with the way pace him faire and softly the length of a good Carriere which must be measured out according to the strength and quality of the horse At the end of the Carriere path let your Horse stop and advance and at the second bound turne him faire and softly upon the right hand and so stay a little while then suddenly with a lively voyce crying hay hay put him forwards with both Spurres at once forcing him to runne all the path as swift as possibly may be just up to the end to the intent he may stop on his buttockes this being performed turne him upon the left hand and pace him forth faire and softly unto the other end of the Carriere path and there stop him and turne him againe upon the right hand as you did before and so leave him Note there is no better way to bring a horse to this than by using him to tread the ring with a very swift trot which will make him nimble of his legges and so swift and stayed of head that comming afterwards to be runne it shall bee easie to him to performe this was observed by that famous Rider Cola Pagano who would never runne his horse untill he saw him wel stayed of head and well broken for although a horse may be halfe a yeare in breaking yet in eight dayes he may be taught to runne and stoppe in a most perfect manner Likewise to teach your horse to goe side wayes it being a thing of much consequence in the wars you must performe it thus as namely you desire to have him goe side longs towards the left hand you must beare your bridle even and steady and clap your right legge close to his belly and hold it there still making him feele the spurre on the right side if he moveth his body that way you desire then suddenly pull away your legge from thence and make much of him that being performed make him doe as much with your left legge and leaving to molest him on either side untill he understands your meaning thus with a little exercise so soone as he shall feele you stay your bridle hand and touch him with your legge or spurres on the contrary side he will goe side wayes so much or
so little as you will have him Likewise to make him keepe his head alwayes towards the Enemie being in fight at single duell you must make him goe sidewayes with his hinde part onely and his fore part stand party steady to performe this you must turne your bridle hand somewhat on that side you touch him likewise you must helpe him with your rod by striking him therewith on the contrary flanke behinde Further take notice the carriage of your Horses head is a matter of no small consequence his forehead being the strongest part of his head his snought or mussell the weakest and tendrest the more he thrusteth out his mussell the more he distendeth his backe and beareth the lesse force in his actions and it is impossible hee should ever make good Manage observe time keepe order or continue in breath any space of time together whereas by bringing in his mussell and extending his forehead he uniteth his force together and gathereth his strength in his backe whereby he becommeth more nimble in his actions Secondly he shall see his way the better and be in lesse danger of falling in running and if he should chance to fall he is the abler to rise speedily Thirdly in his performances against an enemie he shall be able to execute or suffer more with his forehead than can be expected from his Mussell being the tendrest part of him Fourthly he cannot be so apt to be urged right forwards upon a sudden as otherwise he might doe Lastly the Horse that Raynes well and bringeth in his head shall alwayes bee better stayed both of head and necke and have a better mouth than otherwise Wherefore if your horse will not bring in his head at any time when you stop him with your bridle hand then holding your hand still at that stay correct him sometimes with your right Spurre and sometime with your left and sometimes with both your spurres at once and at the selfe same instant thrust him with your right hand upon the necke towards his eares to force him to bring in his head but if he will not yeeld with that then by pulling your bridle towards you cause him to goe backe some three paces and then to returne faire and softly to his first place this being put in action divers times together and every time he thrusteth out his nose correct him as before is shewed Moreover if your horse by wresty so as he cannot be put forwards then let one take a Cat tyed by the tayle to a long pole and when he goes backewards thrust the Cat towards his stones where she may claw him and forget not to threaten your horse with a terrible Noyse or otherwise take a Hedgehog and tye him streight by one of his feete to the inside of the horses tayle so that he may squeake and pricke him Likewise if your horse be fearefull and shie so that he is afrayd of every thing he sees you must take heede that in no wise you correct him for it least he should take the thing he beholdeth and shunneth to be the cause of his chastisements and so become more fearefull than before but rather stay a while and doe not force him forwards but by gentle meanes make him by little and little aproach neere the thing he feares which if he performes cherish him with your speech and hand and you shall set by standing still sometimes to looke on it and sometimes by going towards the object he feares he will be so acquainted therewith as he will not feare it and when he commeth at it let him gaze and smell on it a good while to the intent he may be more assured thereof Further to embolden your horse to make him hardy in the warres you must use to incounter upon a soft pace or trot with another horse man face to face in one path but beware they dosâ—e not one the other but rather let the adverse horse bee compelled backe a few steps which will harty the other or if you please you may incounter one with the other riding in two sundry pathes the one comming cheeke by cheeke within a foote of the other the pathes being both of a just length each of them containing about tenne paces to the intent in managing your horse too and fro upon a trot you comming one towards another from two contrary ends may both meete right in the midst of your course passing one by another which you cannot chuse but doe if you keepe true time as well in their trotting as in their â—urning also not forgetting upon what hand soever the one turneth the other must doe the same and in the selfe same instant Moreover when you trot the Ring you may embolden your horse by entring both together into the Right Ring then turning your horse tayle to tayle follow you the right hand and let him follow the left in the same Ring the ring path being so inlarged that at your meeting in ryding it about you may not touch one the other Having ridden thus about twise you may enter the left ring and doe as before was shewed CHAP. CVI. How to make a Horse endure Pike Sword Gunshot Drumme and the like IN this Chapter we are to deale with the difficultest matter of all and that is now to make a Horse abide Pike Gunshot Sword Drumme and the clattering of Armour or to runne upon any hazard to performe this you must acquaint him throughly with the rod or truntion so as he may not feare it sometimes coying him therewith upon the Necke and by holding the point right forth by his eye or betwixt his eares so as it may bee alwayes in his sight and being throughly assured of the rod then appoint a foote man having a staffe in his hand or pike to stand in your way as you should passe and as you aproach let the footeman by little and little make signes seeming to strike your horse upon the head then encourage your horse to goe on towards the footeman who at the same instant must retreate backe as if he would flee in doing this you shall much imbolden him Likewise to make him abide the sword a footeman must performe it in the same manner as he did with the Pike but be ware he strikes him not After this cause half a dozen footemen or more to stand in his way making a greâ—t shouting and noyse threatning him with their loude voyces against whom you must incourage him to goe forwards first with a soft pace secondly with a trot thirdly with a gallop at which time let the footemen retreate fayning to runne away also let them threaten them with their staves Pikes or swords To make him dure Gunshot Drumme or clattering of Armour or any hideous noyse whatsoever let your horse goe hard by another horse or rather betwixt two other horses that are accustomed to the like noyse and are not afrayd and as you ride together cause
Carabines as the Generall shall thinke best There must likewise be two other grand battells ordered the first is to be plac'd a hundred paces before the Front of the maine battell but not so forwards as the forlorne hopes by little more than halfe the distance these are to consist of Harquebuzires and Carabines and are to be ordered in competent Battalias which shall be neither too great nor too small but so as they may charge in sundry bodies the better to releeve one the other betweene each Battallia there must be certaine Files of Musquetiers drawne up in an even Front with them who shall give fire upon the enemies horse to disorder their Rankes as they shall approach to charge your Troopes these shotiupon occasion may retreate and fall in betwixt the distances of the maine Battell which are to advance forward to re scue the former Troopes being over charged The third battell which is called the Battell of Sucker is to be plac'd a good distance behinde the maine Battell and these ought to be all or the greatest part of them Cuirassiers and ordered in great Battalias then the Harquebuziers they are to be marshalled and disposed into divers Compertments or Divisions so that the Battalias of the maine battell may retreate betwixt them or being routed they may shelter themselves behinde them and reunite themselves againe and joyne with them in a desperate charge for this is the last refuge unlesse you draw out certaine Pikes to relieve them and unlesse your strength in horse doe much exceede the Enemies it will be to your disadvantage to strive to charge the Enemies foote Troopes unlesse there should be an unexpected advantage offered untill such time as you have either routed the Enemies horse or put them to flight and then you are to bend your full strength to assault them upon all quarters with your Harquebuziers and Carabines first and then seconded by your Cuirassires who are to presse in amongst the Enemy and breake their rankes but in the meane time they must leave a sleeve of horse upon each flanke of the wings of the foote Troopes to defend them from the Enemies charge who will adventure to doe it when they see them left naked If your Cavalry are by some accident to fight onely against some certaine foote Troopes of the enemies you must make choise of plaine fieldings as a place most advantagious for that purpose Likewise you must use all celerity and diligence to charge them before they can order themselves in Battell and upon these advantages you may venture although they should be farre more potent than your selfe But being drawne into battell expecting your assault and your forces being equall in power then you must command out certaine Troopes of Harquebuziers or Dragoones if you have any and with these you must charge them upon the Front Flankes and Reares these are to be seconded by certaine small Battalias of Cuirassiers who shall take the opportunity to fall upon such disorders as the Harquebuziers have caused If the Enemy have possest themselves in some place of advantage then the Cavalry are not to charge them although your forces were superiour in strength to them If it should so happen that one company of Cuirassirs should be to fight against another if the enemy doth charge you in full carriere your safest way is to devide your Troope by halfe rankes opening a large distance to the right and left hand so as the Enemy may passe through then facing your Troope inwards you are to charge them upon the Flankes you are to performe the like if you have a Battalia made of two Troopes and being charged by the Enemy they are to divide themselves as before but keepe each Troope whole and entire or you may cause three or foure files of each of your wings to advance forward on the sudden and to charge the enemie upon the Flankes and to equall your Enemies Front you may cause the halfe Files of your Body to double your Front to the right and left hand by divisions Note the Harpuebuziers are to give fire by rankes the first ranke having given fire is to wheele off to the left hand unlesse the ground will not permit it but that of necessity you must performe it to the right making ready and falling into the Reare the second ranke is to give fire upon the wheeling away of the first and so the rest successively The advantages which the Cavalry may take against the Enemy when hee shall thinke himselfe secure in his quarters in regard of his Potencie and the undervalluing of his adversaries disability may be very great for many times weake forces have atchieved great victories Wherefore there must first be gained true intelligence how the Enemy hath disposed his Troopes and also certaine knowledge of the situation of the Country Place or Village they are quartered in and how and in what places hee hath plac'd his Guards and set out his Sentinells An Enemies Quarters for the most part are ever strongest and best watch kept upon those passages which leades towards a suspected Enemy In this case you are to make use of the night fetching a compasse about by some by-wayes so that you may charge them in the Reare or Flankes of their Quarters before they be aware of you where you shall be most sure to finde them most negligent in those parts Every Horsman is to take up behinde him a Musquetire whose service will be excellent either to place behinde upon some passage of advantage to rescue your Troopes if they should be put to a retreate or to assist the horse in their discharge against the Enemy in his Quarters as I shall afterwards specifie Now let us presuppose that your Troopes are arrived neere the Enemies quarters every man having the Watch-word given him and also some distinction or marke of white whereby they my be knowne from the Enemy in the darke night and having laid a sufficient guard of Musquetires to make your retreate safe the next thing to be considered of is how you may best hinder the Enemy from uniting their Troopes into a body wherefore some few Musquetires or Firelocks are to be sent some by-way where secretly they must get betwixt the Guard and the Sentinells to cut off their retreate the residue of the Musquetires are to creepe to the Allarme place and there to place themselves neere the passage where the Enemy is to enter with his Troopes and having the advantage of some Hedges Bankes or pales for to hide and secure them from the Horse these shot shall give fire upon the Enemy as they come scattering into the Alarme place In the meane time one of your Troypes of Harquebuziers or Carabines shall advance secretly and without noise towards the Sentinell and suddenly surprise him by the helpe of the shot that lies behinde him then speedily they are to fall upon the guard and surprise them before
and sâ—aying the Romans both Foot and Horses as they passed so that scarsly ten men escaped for those the trees spared were so amazed at the sudden accident that the French vanquish'd them imediately and slew their Generall Post-humus CHAP. CCXXIV. The Policie of Cyrus how to gaine valiant and loyall Commanders in his service IT is reported of Cyrus by Xenophon how infinitely hee would publikely confesse he loved and honoured meritorious Souldiers and when hee saw men willingly offer themselves to danger he prefer'd them to places of command and dignity and honoured them besides with other guifts whereby it appeared that valiant men were happiest and cowards accounted as their slaves By this devise many thrust themselves into eminent dangers especially if they thought or imagined that Cyrus should have notice thereof by this meanes he purchast both loyall and valiant commanders daring to present their bodies against most eminent perils and most difficult attempts CHAP. CCXXV. A Policie to stirre up emulation amongst Souldiers to make them enter the greatest difficulties and gaine impregnable things VBius a Captaine of the Company of the Pelignes being commanded upon a difficult peece of Service by Flavius Flaccus the Roman Consull his men being beaten from the Carthaginian trenches by Hanno he straight tooke his Banner in his hand and with force threw it over the ditch into the Campe of the Carthaginians speaking with a loud voyce Evill might I fare and my Company if my Enemies shall enjoy my Banner then by great force he lightly went over the ditch and scaled the walls of the Campe of his Enemy whom his Company boldly followed they being in fight with the Carthagenians another part cryed Valerius Flaccus what sluggish cowards are wee now growne shall the Pelignes win the honour of taking the Campe of our Enemies before us Romanes Whereuppon Titus Pedamius tooke his Colours from his Ensigne saying This will I beare into the Field of my Enemies follow mee brave Souldiers as many as would be loth of the losse thereof they presently being stirred with a valiant emulation obtained the Campe slaying sixe thousand and taking as many Prisoners this Policy to stirre up emulation was the onely meanes to obtaine this impregnable Campe from whence they had beene formerly repuls'd divers times CHAP. CCXXVI A policie to be used at the entring of an Enemies Towne to free the Souldiers from being anoyed with stones or Peeces from the Battlements of houses as also to prevent an Enemies fury in pursuing or retreate in a Fort or Towne XEnophon in his first book of the ascent of Cyrus relates how the Droylans having betaken themselves to their chiefe Fort to defend themselves against his Potent Army at last through much difficulty having scaled the Walls his men were forely wounded from the battlements of the houses and likewise there being a Citadell strongly made within the Fort they made a fierce salley out upon him that was irresistable by accident a house falling on fire upon one side of the way caused those that threw downe stones and weapons from the battlements to vanish away Xenophon perceiving this caused the house upon the other side to bee fired which wrought his Souldiers much safety Those from the Citadell charged his men so furiously that there was no retreating without a manifest losse and confusion wherefore he commanded every Souldier as hee was to come up to present his weapons and shotte against the Enemy to bring with him a quantity of Seare-wood and to place it betweene the Enemy and themselves and then to set fire on it by this policie he stayed the Enemies pursuite in their Retreite and busied them in quenching their fires CHAP. CCXXVII A politique Stratagem whereby Fabius the Consull tooke the Towne of Arpos by the helpe of a violent storme of Thunder wind and raine CLassius Aitinius repairing to young Fabius about the betraying of Arpos Fabius being arrived within a mile of the Towne about three a clocke in the morne hee appointed six hundred active Souldiers to beare Scaling-Ladders and so first to assay the scaling of the Walls Which done then on the inner part to breake open the Gates and being Masters of part of the Towne by the sound of a Horne to give him knowledge whereby he with the rest of the Troopes might approch to their succours as this was discussing there happened a wonderfull storme of wind raine and thunder whose vehemencie drove the Sentinells and Watchmen from the Walls into their Guards where abiding a good season not dreaming the Enemie would make his approches in such a stormy season they fell asleepe in the meane time the Romans making use of these stormes had quietly scalled the Walls and were quietly passing the streetes to the Ports where they broke them open whose noyse was not heard by the Watch so violent was the storme then blowing their Hornes the Consull made his approches about breake of day and entred the Towne CHAP. CCXXVI A politique Stratagem of Scipio in counterfeiting an intrenchment which amazed the Carthaginians and puzzled them to scale them SCipio in the Warres of Spaine being set upon with three Armies as hee lay upon a great Hill devised how to make some intrenchment to defend his Campe which could not be performed in regard the ground was so stony neither could hee get Bushes nor wood to make a defence about it wherefore hee made a show of a defence laying his packs and packsaddles and other grosse carriages one upon another round the Campe whereby he raised the Walles of his Campe of a good height the Carthaginians being come they were astonished at this and found it very difficult to enter onely their infinite number gained the conquest from Scipio This should put all Commanders in minde of impaling their Army although it be but with a Hedge or Hurdles for it is a great safetie as may be instanced by Captaine Swaâ—â—e who after Stâ—â—ley and Yorke had treacherously given up Deventer to the Enemy his Company having got forth the Towne was to march over Amers-forth Heath to a Garrison there and being set upon by a Troope of Horse of the Enemies with certaine Foot with them he betooke his Company to a sheep-fold made of Hurdles whereby hee protected his Company and beate the Horse with their Foot-men causing them to retreit CHAP. CCXXIX A strange Politique Stratagem whereby Haniball gained a Towne of great consequence by the helpe of Nico and Philomenes under the pretence of bringing in a wilde Bore NIco and Philomenes being great Hunters and used to goe out the Citie of Tarrent by night a hunting they went towards the Army of Haniball to declare to him their intents and being brought before him by the Watch Haniball being sensible of the plot wisht them to drive back divers Cattell as if they had gotten them as a prey from the Enemies this course they often used so that it was thought marvaile that they so often enterprised such
be eschewed or upon absolute advantages in such a case he is both to adventure his honour and his souldiers lives to the hazard of the mercilesse sword alwayes remembring that upon unadvisednesse and yeelding unto dishonourable termes though at first 〈◊〉 fares like a greene sore yet afterwards he shall finde paine enough for dishonour frecs to the bone Also there is great knowledge by reading and practice required in him whereby he may give advice for the sundry sorts of Imbattelling Encamping Fortifying and to use or prevent all kind of stratagems for by the reading of History a man may learne and conceive more in a yeere then he possibly can see practised in his life time by reason whereof the worthies of ancient times were portraited with a Booke in one hand and a Sword in the other And because there is no Generall but is limited by his Prince in his Commission he is therfore to observe literally every tittle of it not to exceed the limits of it although a victory might be attained in the like kinde all inferiour Officers are bound to obey their Generall in all things he shall please to command which obedience and observancy made King Philip of Spaine protest that the true observing of his Commission by his Generall the Count de Medina in 88. was farre more pleasing to him than the losse of his Invincible Navy caused griefe Generalls must be very circumspect in making choice of their Officers not electing them for their outward shew but for their vertuous conditions and approved experience for favour may be prejudiciall in these affaires and greatnesse of birth is not to be expected as the sole thing to qualifie a man and to beget in him the habit of a souldier Also a Generall is not to be unmindfull to honour and reward the vertuous and valiant as well as to be severe in punishing the vitious and imbellick persons for he that correcteth the offender and rewardeth not the well deserver will soone be disesteemed of Hythlodaeus in his Vtopia bitterly invayeth against such kinde of proceedings he holdeth it very unfitting for Commanders to make the sentence of death the guerdon for theft and mischiefe and doth not rather first carefully provide to prevent the occasions Cum multò potius providendum fuerit uti aliquis esset proventus vitae ne cuipiam sit tamen dira fur andi primùm deinde pereundi necessitas Also deserts of right ought to be gratified with gifts and advancements for it is the surest tie to knit a man to his superiour which being not performed breedes impatience discontents and heart-burnings and for the most part apt to breake forth into dangerous attemps Milites ditate reliquos omnes spernite A Generall ought to be very circumspect in Marching his Army in difficult wayes especially if the enemy be at hand for an enemy will waite his occasion and take the best opportunity to fall on for prevention whereof the horse-troopes are to March before which will discover the enemy and hold them play untill all the foote divisions are drawne into Battalia also in Marching over Plaines or Heathes at every stand the Companies must draw up into severall divisions which are as so many limmes ready to frame the body of the Army upon a sudden The danger of being pestered and troubled with carriages and luggage is very great and to be avoyded for it hath been the confusion of diveâ—s Armies as first of Malchome King of Scots likewise Sebastian King of Portugall in his warres against Abdeâ—â—elec King of Morocco Likewise a Generall is upon all occasions to call to counsell his chiefe Officers to debate of all affaires and designes taking every mans opinion at large onely reserving his resolution to himselfe in all secrefie that none or very few should be made partakers before the execution A Generall ought to know the situation of every countrey by his insight in the use of Maps and take a true survey of all such parts as his Army is to march thorow whether they be plaines or champions or woody and full of waters whether or not furnished with strong Townes and Forts so that accordingly he may proportion his Horse and Foot for in Champion Countries Horses are of greatest use if situated upon Straights and strong Forts the Army must consist most of Footmen He is also to gaine perfect intelligence how his enemy is appointed how and in what kinde his Army is demeaned for it is no pollicy to follow a light-footed enemy with an heavy Army Also a Generall must take notice if any matter of feare or muttering be in the Army upon the rumor of giving Battell Exercitum terrore plenum Dux ad pugnam non ducat also a further principle in warre must be observed Si Duces necessaâ—â— cum multitudine pugnare cogantur Consilium ect noctis tempore Belli fortunam tentare A Generall ought also not onely to have expert Enginers and men of exquisite knowledge in the arte of fortification both of Forts Campes conducting of Mynes planting of Batteries and disposing of all kind of Trenches but also to have therein himselfe absolute judgement and knowledge otherwise he may be wondrous misled frustrating his designes which will redound to his great dishonour He is also to have a speciall consideration of the place he meaneth to incampe and continue his Army in first respecting the healthfulnesse of the ayre then the drynesse of the ground the conveniency of wood and water and that the enemy may have no advantage to intercept the releefe and provision that is to be conveyed to the Campe either by water or land that no hills be neere to annoy the Campe and that no waters be cut out to drowne it A Generall must cause his souldiers to take good rest and competent food before he presumes to give Battell for it is a principle in warre In pugna milites validius resistunt si cibo potuque referti fuerint Nam fames intrinsecus magâ—â— pugnat quâ—â— ferrum exteriâ—â— Souldiers doe better stand to it in fight if they have their bellye 's full of meat and drinke for hunger within fights more eagerly than steele without Also he is to stirre up their drooping spirits with some brave Heroick Oration that shall inflame their spirits that like lightning they may consume where they goe A Generall is to command his Officers daily to exercise their Companies which will inable their bodies and preserve their healths and although the enemy should be far remote yet duly to observe watches guards and setting forth their Sentinells as carefully as if the enemy were neere at hand this will breed an habit and custome to their bodies so that it will not seeme grievous to them when as they shall performe those duties in earnest A Generall must be very circumspect in giving an expresse command to his Officers that no abusive drinking be used amongst his Officers nor Souldiers par vinonolentiam crudelitas sequitur
are best horst or those that are nimblest of foote so that they may the safer retire upon all occasions moreover they must not stay over long behind the Army but so as they may soone recover it for otherwise they will be cut off by the enemy If a retreat be wisely carried the enemy that shall follow may receive more dammage then they that retreat But on the contrary side if you perceive the enemy doth provide to steale from you it is wisedome to anticipate such passages as they must passe thorow sending secretly certaine troopes to fortifie at the entrance of them likewise to barricado up the way with trees and to have your Army alwayes in a readinesse to set out after them following them at the heeles but in this case the Army must keepe a very strict order in their Battallia's and march up close together commanding your horse to charge the enemy in the Reare which will bee a meanes to stay the hindermost part of the Army and then the Vantguard of your enemies Army being come to the passages that are blockt up it will so discourage the enemy that your Army marching up to them in Battell aray they will bee easily overthrowne as there hath beene divers examples to verifie this The lightest Ordnance are the best to pursue the enemy withall for which purpose Grave Maurice the Prince Van Nasaw had fifty or sixty small field peeces cast which hee used to place between his Battallions which were of great service in the time of fight for two or three men could weild one of them as they pleased both in advancing it forwards and drawing backe as occasion served and it were very fit and of excellent use to have such small peeces cast here in England for his Majesties service which may bee imployed many waies I have observed the Hollanders how they made use of these small Ordnances to place them in little vessels which they provided to safeguard their great rivers as the river Issel and the Rhine one of these had thirty or forty souldiers to man her and eight or tenne of these peeces whereby they prevented the enemy from marching over the said rivers likewise they were safeguards to the Army when they were convayed by Boates up those rivers or when they lay intrencht neere any great river they safeguarded the Reare of the qnarters from treachery also they safe conducted such Boates as brought Victuals and Ammunition to the Army If occasion should bee in our land which God forbid it should be they could not doe us lesse service than by experience they have done them besides such small vessels being made for service were of more worth to offend an enemy that should dare saile up in any of our great rivers than the greatest Ship of burden for it were impossible for our great Ships to make a fight in the river Thames but they will be more ready to hurt themselves than the enemy whereas these small vessels will lye under the shot and glide up and downe by the great vessels sides and gall them In the next place it remaines how an Army should March neere an enemies Battery to secure themselves from the shot in this you must observe the situation of their Batteries how they are flancked by which you may come to perceive in what direct liâ—e eâ—ch peece of Ordnance shall make her true shot and so accordingly either to open the files and ranckes for the passage of the shot or else to fetch a circumference in your March so as the shot shall not touch the files but only a ranke but the securest way is to March secretly by the most obscurest places so as the Ordnance may not discover you Lastly for conclusion if the enemy should assault your troopes in in some narrow passages or high wayes you are to demeane your selfe as followeth First you are to fill the passage or high way with your pikes if the breadth of your troopes be not sufficient to performe it then double your rancks whereby the Wings will extend themselves to the filling up of the passage these then charging your enemies hande or foote your Musketiers being in the Reare the Battell being thus ordered let the first ranke of Musketiers which are those next the pikes face to the right hand and march forth file-wise close up by the right flanke of the pikes untill he that is leader of the said file be even with the Front of the Pikes then he is to face to the right hand and lead them quite crosse the Front of the Pikes untill he hath attained the further part of the Front to the left hand which being performed they are to make a stand and couch under the Pikes and give fire upon their knees so as the Pikes may not be hindred to charge then are they to march downe by the left flancke and place themselves in the Reare of the shot and the next files in order are to advance into the Front after the same manner and performe the same service by this meanes continuall fire shall be given upon the enemy whilst this skirmish is in action Let there be drawne out certaine Pikes and Musketiers into the best inclosed fields either on one or both sides of the way where they may secure themselves from the enemies horse and there charge the enemy on the flancks or at least keepe them from charging your owne troopes that are in skirmish to maintaine the passage view the figure following in the next page The figure of the Battell Front Left flancke Right flanke Reare In this figure the Character p shewes how the Pikes are plac't their Fronts being doubled the other represents the Musketiers as you may perceive them marching up the right flancke and so plac't under the Pikes in the Front ready to give fire upon the enemy you may likewise perceive certaine shot drawne out into two closes upon each side of the high way whose duty is to give fire upon the enemies flancks as they are charching the Front of the Battell or if the enemy should draw out any forces to charge your Flancks then these shot having Pikes to joyne with them shall be able to encounter with them and prevent them Thus I hope I have collected sufficient instructions which may give any reasonable man satisfaction concerning the ordering of their March only if you please I will referre you to divers Modernâ— Authors which have write of this subject viz. Ierosme Cattamo pag. 133. Machiavill pag. 67. Bellay pag. 151. Barrit pag. 132. Edmonds pag. 39. Garrits Arte of Warre pag. 245. In the next place we are to discourse of the incamping of an Army and how to order the Guards and the Intrenchments Thus ends the sixteenth Section RVLES TO BE OBSERVED IN QVARTERING OR INCAMPING AN ARMY SECT XVII CHAP. IIII. How a Generall is to quarter his Army with the election of places of greatest security what Redoubts are to be raised
two severall demonstrations The first shall be as before is spoken of when the Rear of the Camp is secured by some great River or Arme of the Sea The second a square incampment upon the Champion where no naturall strength can afford us help For the first of these two when the place affords such naturall strength that the Rear of the Army may be secured by some River or Arme of the Sea provided alwayes that the enemy cannot come with shipping to annoy you the Front of this Camp must be towards the enemy where a certain Brest-work must bee raised four or five foot high upon the most eminent ground and about the same breadth the ditch about six foot broad and four foot deep this must run if the ground will give leave with some nooks and angles the better to flanker some part of this intrenchment as by the following figure you may perceive marked A. From this Brest-work inwards into the Camp must bee a space left sixty or eighty Paces broad if the conveniency of the ground will give way for the Souldiers to draw into Battalia or to Parado in marked O. In the next place marked B. every Captain and Colonell are to have their Hutes or Tents stand in an even Line viz. every Colonell before the head of his own Company being quartered upon the right hand of his Regiment and each Captain successively according to their antiquities In the next place there is a space eight paces broad marked with the letter C. this is for the chief street and runs in an even line from one side of the Quarter to the other From this chief street downwards towards the Rear of the Quarters are the inferiour Officers and Souldiers to be quartered as at the letter D. and in this are divers things to bee considered as first the street which goes down between the Hutes ought to bee ten foot broad and four hundred foot deep in regard each Hute is to bee eight foot square and in every Hute two Souldiers are to bee lodged so that upon each side of the way there is to bee fiftie Hutes built which are to hold an hundred Souldiers upon a side At the top of the street upon the right hand is the Lieutenants Cabbin who is to bee allowed twelve foot and upon the left hand is the Ensignes Cabbin of the same bignesse the Serjeants are to have upon each side their Cabbins in the Rear of the Quarters thus a Company of two hundred are conveniently quartered In the Reare of these Hutes is another street or space of ground which runneth from one side of the Quarters to the other marked E. being six paces wide upon the foremost side of which are the Sutlers Butchers and Shop-keepers behind these is a wast place next the water for the off all filth and draffe to be conveyed away as you may perceive at G. The space or distance of ground which is betwixt Regiment and Regiment ought to be twenty or thirty foot broad as you may see at H. The Generall ought to have his Tents in the midst of all the Quarters and the Colonells according to their dignity upon each hand of his Pavilions The Passages into the Campare to bee plac'd in the most convenient places and strong Ports made to open and shut at pleasure as you may perceive at I. Also if need requires there may bee posterne passages made in divers places of the Brest-work for single persons to goe in and out with a turne-pike to secure it as at K. The Ordnance is to bee plac'd in a halfe Moon made next the water-side in the most convenient place of the Camp the residue may bee plac'd either upon the Brest-work or else before the halfe-Moon as at L. View the figure following and at M. is the Bridge for the Army to passe over the River The other manner of fortifying a Camp is now to be discourst of The Lord high Marshall having made choice of a place convenient being attended by the Quarter-Master Generall and the inferiour Quarter-Masters about the midst of the ground where you intend to incamp set up the Generalls Standard and about the same stake out a square place of ground for the Generalls Pavilion fourty paces square directly from this towards the North runneth one main street fourty paces broad which divides the Horse-Camp from the Foot-Camp and on either side of the Generalls Tents runneth two other crosse wayes thirty paces in breadth which divide the armed Souldiers from the Pioners and Waggons these two wayes embrace two long squares of ground fourty paces broad and five hundred and fifty paces long apeece these may either of them bee divided into five Lodgings of an hundred paces in length and fourty in breadth leaving between them certain passages of ten paces in breadth so that the Souldiers upon every sudden alarme may the more readily repair to the place of Assembly One of the Lodgings next the Generalls Tent is appointed for the high Marshall and his retinue and the other on the other side for the Treasurer the rest may be assigned at the Marshals discretion to the other Officers of the field and for such Noblemen and Gentlemen Voluntires as follow the Warres at their own charge In the North-east Quarter of the Camp are the Horse-men lodged in the Northwest the Foot-men either of these Camps are divided into three parts by streets running East and West these streets are twenty paces in breadth and five hundred and eighty paces long in every of these three spaces of the Foot-Camp are lodged a Regiment of 10000. men and in the Hors-Camp the middlemost of them shall serve for 1500. Lances or Curassiers with their Beedets the North space for the Harquebuziers on the other side of this street are the Lodgings assigned for the Colonels of every Regiment and their Officers every space being thirty paces broad and one hundred and seaventy long By these Characters following you may understand the description of this Camp the better as in the figure following A. stands for the Captaines of the Harquebuziers B. for the Captaine of the Lances or Curassiers and C. for the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Likewise D E F. is the place for the Leaders of three principall Regiments of Foot-men the which are to be distingūished by their antiquities or by the usuall name of Vantguard Battell and Rear-ward the Vantguard lies next to the Generalls Tent and answers to the Harquebuziers the Battell answers to the Curassiers and the Rear-ward to the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Every of these principall Regiments you may if you please divide againe into five smaller Regiments by streets of ten paces broad running North and South So have you fifteen lesse Regiments in the Foot-Camp and five apeece in every of the Horse-Camps and every of these Regiments are one hundred paces broad and one hundred and seventy paces in length and shall contain every of
belonging unto our service he shall answer to the complaint before the Court. 28. In like manner if any inferiour Officer either of horse or foote does challenge any common souldier to be guilty of any dishonest action the souldier finding himselfe guiltlesse may lawfully call the said Officer to make proofe of his words before the Court as his equall 29. If any souldier either of horse or foote shall offer to strike his officer that shall command him any duty for our service he shall first lose his hand and be then turned out of the Quarter And if it be done in any Fort or place beleagured after the watch is set he shall lose his life for it 30. And if he doth hurt to any of them whether it be in the field or not he shall be shot to death 31. If any such thing falls out within the compasse of the Leaguer or the place of Garrison in any of the souldiers lodgings where many of them meete together the matter shall be inquired into by the Officers of the Regiment that the beginner of the fray may be punished according to desert 32. He who in the presence of our Generall shall draw his sword with purpose to doe mischiefe with it shall lose his hand for it 33. He who shall in anger draw his sword while his Colours are flying either in Battell or upon the March shall be shot to death if it be done in any strength or fortifyed place he shall lose his hand and be turned out of the Quarter 34. He who shall presume to draw his sword upon the place where any Court of Iustice is holden while it is holden shall lose his life for it 35. He that drawes his sword in any strength or Fort to doe mischiefe therewith after the watch is set shall lose his life for it 36. No man shall hinder the Provost Marshall Generall his Lieftenant or servants when they are to execute any thing that is for our service who does the contrary shall lose his life 37. Leave is given unto the Provost Marshall Generall to apprehend all whatsoever that offends against these our Articles of Warre All other offenders he may likewise apprehend by his owne authority 38. If the Provost Marshall Generall shall apprehend any man by his owne authority he may keepe him either in prison or in irons but by no meanes doe execution upon him after the Court of Warre is ended without first giving the Generall notice thereof 39. The Provost Marshals of every Regiment have also the same priviledge under their owne Regiment and Company that the Provost Marshall Generall hath in the Leaguer 40. Every Serjeant Major commanding in the whole Leaguer what appertaines to his Office shall be obeyed by every man with his best endeavour 41. Whatsoever is to be published or generally made knowne shall be proclaimed by sound of Drumme and Trumpet that no man may pretend ignorance in it they who after that shall be found disobedient shall be punished according to the quality of the fact 42. No souldier shall thinke himselfe to good to worke upon any peece of Fortification or other place where they shall be commanded for our service upon paine of punishment 43. Whosoever shall do his Majesties businesse slightly or lazily shall first ride the wooden horse and lie in prison after that with bread and water according as the fact shall bee adjudged more or lesse hainous 44. All Officers shall diligently see that the souldiers plye their worke when they are commanded so to doe he that neglects his duty therein shall be punished according to the discretion of the Court. 45. All souldiers ought diligently to honour and obey their Officers and especially being by them commanded upon service but if at any time they can on the contrary discover that they are commanded upon a service which is to our prejudice any manner of way then shall that souldier not obey him what charge soever he receives from him but is presently to give notice of it 46. No Colonell nor Captaine shall command his souldiers to doe any unlawfull thing which who so does shall be punished according to the discretion of the Judges Also if any Colonell or Captaine or other Officer whatsoever shall by rigour take any thing away from any common souldier he shall answer for it before the Court. 47. No man shall goe any other way in any Leaguer wheresoever but the same common way laid out for every man upon paine of punishment 48. No man shall presume to make any Alarme in the quarter or to shoot of his Musket in the night time upon paine of death 49. He that when warning is given for the setting of the watch by sound of Drumme Fife or Trumpet shall wilfully absent himselfe without some lawfull excuse shall be punisht with the wooden horse and be put to bread and water or other pennance as the matter is of importance 50. He that is taken a sleepe upon the watch either in any strength trench or the like shall be shot to death 51. He that comes of his watch where he is commanded to keepe his Guard or drinkes himselfe drunke upon his watch or place of Sentinell shall be shot to death 52. He that at the sound of Drumme or Trumpet repaires not to his Colours shall be clapt in irons 53. When any march is to be made every man that is sworne shall follow his Colours who ever presumes without leave to stay behind shall be punished 54. And if it be upon mutiny that they doe it be they many or be they few they shall die for it 55. Who ever runnes from his Colours be he Native or Forreiner and does not defend them to the uttermost of his power so long as they be in danger shall suffer death for it 56. He that runnes from his Colours in the field shall dye for it and if any of his Comrades kill him in the meane time he shall be free 57. Every man is to keep his own ranck and file upon the march and not to put others from their orders nor shall any man cast himselfe behind or set himselfe upon any waggon or horse-back the offenders to be punished according to the time and place 58. Whatever Regiment shall first charge the enemy and retire afterwards from them before they come to dint of sword with them shall answer it before our highest Marshals Court 59. And if the thing be occasioned by any Officer he shall be publikely disgraced for it and then turned out of the Leaguer 60. But if both Officers and Souldiers bee found faulty alike then shall the Officers be punished as aforesaid If it bee in the Souldiers alone then shall every tenth man be hanged the rest shall bee condemned to carry all the filth out of the Leaguer untill such time as they performe some exploit that is worthy to procure their pardon after which time they shall bee cleer of their former disgrace But if at
but by no meanes whilst there is any service to be done against the enemy 128. If any Souldier or Native subject desires to bee discharged from the warres he shall give notice thereof unto the Muster-masters who if they finde him to bee sicke or maimed or that hee served twenty yeeres in our warres or hath beene ten severall times before the enemy and can bring good witnesse thereof he shall be discharged 129. If any Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot does give any Passe otherwise than is before mentioned he shall be punished as for other Fellonies and he who hath obtained the same Passe shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon bread and water 130. No Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall give leave to his Souldiers to goe home out of the Field without leave of our Generall or chiefe Commander whosoever does the contrary shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon Bread and Water 131. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall presume to goe out of any Leaguer or place of Strength to demand his pay without leave of the Generall or Governour who so doth shall be cashired from his place and put out of the quarters 132. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall hold backe any of his souldiers meanes from him of which if any complaine the Captaine shall answer it before the Court where being found guilty he shall be punisht as for other Felony also if any mischance ensue thereupon as that the Souldiers mutine be sicke or endure hunger or give up any Strength then shall he answer for all those inconveniences that hereupon can or may ensue 133. If any Captaine lends money unto his souldiers which he desires should be paid againe that must be done in the presence of the Muster-masters that our service be no way hindred or neglected 134. If upon necessity the case sometimes so falls out in the Leaguer that pay bee not alwayes made at the due time mentioned in the Commissions yet shall every man in the meane time be willing to further our service seeing they have victualls sufficient for the present and that they shall so soone as may bee receive the rest of their meanes as is mentioned in their Commission 135. Very requisite it is that good justice be holden amongst our Souldiers as well as amongst other our Subjects 136. For the same reason was a King ordained by God to be the Soveraigne Judge in the field as well as at home 137. Now therefore in respect of many occasions which may fall out his single judgement alone may be too weak to discerne every particular circumstance therefore it is requisite that in the Leaguer as well as otherwhere there be some Court of Justice erected for the deciding of all controversies and to be carefull in like manner that our Articles of warre be of all persons observed and obeyed so farre forth as is possible 138. We ordaine therefore that there be two Courts in our Leaguer a high Court and a lower Court 139. The lower Court shall be amongst the Regiments both of Horse and Foot whereof every Regiment shall have one among themselves 140. In the Horse-Regiments the Colonell shall be President and in his absence the Captaine of our owne Life-guards with them are three Captains to be joyned three Lieutenants three Cornets and three Quarter-masters that so together with the President they may be to the number of thirteene at the least 141. In a Regiment of Foot the Colonell also shall be President and his Lieutenant Colonell in his absence with them are two Captains to be joyned two Lieutenants two Ensignes foure Serjeants and two Quarter-masters that together with the President they may be thirteene in number also 142. In our highest Marshall Court shall our Generall be PresideÌ„t in his absence our Field-Marshall when our Generall is present his asseciats shall be our Field-Marshall first next him our Generall of the Ordnance Serjeant-Major-Generall Generall of the Horse Quarter-Master-Generall next to them shall sit our Muster-Masters and all our Colonells and in their absence their Lieutenant-Colonells and these shall sit together when there is any matter of great importance in controversie 143. Whensoever this highest Court is to be holden they shall observe this order our great Generall as President shall sit alone at the head of the Table on his right hand our Field-Marshall on his left hand the Generall of the Ordnance on the right hand next our Serjeant-Major-Generall on the left hand againe the Generall of the Horse and then the Quarter-Master-Generall on one hand and the Muster-Master-Generall on the other after them shall every Colonell sit according to his place as here followes first the Colonell of our Life-Regiment or of the Guards of our owne person then every Colonell according to their places of antiquity If there happen to be any great men in the Army of our subjects that be of good understanding they shall cause them to sit next these Officers after these shall sit all the Colonells of strange Nations every one according to his antiquity of service 144. All these Judges both of higher and lower Courts shall under the blue Skies thus sweare before Almighty God that they will inviolably keep this following oath unto us I. R. W. doe here promise before God upon his holy Gospell that I both will shall Judge uprightly in all things according to the Lawes of God of our Nation and these Articles of Warre so farre forth as it pleaseth Almighty God to give me understandâ—ng neither will I for favour nor for hatred for good will feare ill will anger or any gift or bribe whatsoever judge wrongfully but judge him free that ought to be free and doom him guilty that I finde guilty as the Lord of Heaven and Earth shall help my soule and body at the last day I shall hold this oath truly 145. The Judges of our highest Court shall take this their oath in the first Leaguer where our Campe shall be pitched our Generall and the rest appointed to set with him shall repaire to the place where we shall appoint before his Tent or other where where an Officer appointed by us shall first take his oath and then the others oathes also 146. When the President of our lower Courts shall heare this foresaid oath read before them then shall they hold up their hands and sweare to keep it in like manner so often as any Court is to be holden in any Regiment the aforesaid oath shall be read before all them that sit in judgement with him who shall also hold up their hands and promise to keepe the oath aforesaid 147. In our highest Court there shall be one sworne Secretary appointed who shall make a diligent record of all the proceedings that shall fall out either in any pitcht Battell Skirmish Leaguer or any other peece of service whatsoever he
Communion but if the doom be passed in any lower Court it shall be signified up unto the Generall in our absence who shall either pardon the fact or execute the sentence 165. No superiour Officer Colonell or Captain either of Horse or Foot shall sollicite for any man that is lawfully convicted by the Court either for any crime or for not observing of these Articles of Warre unlesse it be for his very neere kinsman for whom nature compells him to intercede otherwise the solliciter shall be held as odious as the delinquent and cashierd from his charge 166. Whosoever is minded to serve us in these Warres shall be obliged to the keep-in of these Articles If any out of presumption upon any Strength in any Leaguer in the field or upon any worke shall doe the contrary be he Native or be he Stranger Gentleman or other Processe shall be made out against him for every time so long as he serves us in these warres in the quality of a Souldier 167. These Articles of warre we have made and ordained for the welfare of our Native Countrey and doe command that they be read every moneth publickly before every Regiment to the end that no man shall pretend ignorance We further will and command all whatsoever Officers higher or lower and all our common souldiers and all others that come into our Leaguer amongst the souldiers that none presume to doe the contrary hereof upon paine of rebellion and the incurring of our highest displeasure For the firmer confirmation whereof we have hereunto set our hand and seale Signed in the Leaguer Royall RULES AND OBSERVATIONS TO BE VSED BEFORE BATTELL SECT XIX CHAP. VIII Divers promotions and observations for a Generall to take notice of before the pitching of a Battell IN framing and ordering of Battells there are divers circumstances of great importance to be had in consideration whereby such warlike actions may be crowned with Victory which being neglected shall give an advantage to the enemy to rout and ruine your Army wherefore I will indeavour to draw the particular circumstances to certaine heads and there being divers things of great moment to be handled I must crave your patience to be somewhat the larger in it and the rather because I intend to insert the best instructions that our ablest Generalls both ancient and moderne have left us examples for future ages Our ancient and best experienced Commanders found by their practicall experience that an Army consisting of fifty thousand men was of potency sufficient for any enterprise or designe and that thirty thousand men was the least Army they durst adventure to enter the enemies country withall I shall give you the formes of divers and severall Battells and of sundry proportions of numbers both of Horse and Foot as hereafter you shall see The things observable before the ranging of a Battell are these first the strength of your owne and of your enemies Army both in Foote and Horse with the conditions of souldiers whether they be old and expert or young novices Secondly the situation of the ground the advantages of strength in it as Hills Dales Rivers Hedges Woods Rocks Mores or the like Thirdly the extent of the place so that there may be convenient distances and proportionable for the imbattelling of your Army Fourthly according to the advantages situation smallnesse or vastnesse of the place accordingly you are to proportion and order your forme of imbattelling Fifthly according as your enemies Army shall consist most either in Horse or Foot the choise of your ground shall be thereafter taken for advantage viz. if your owne forces consist more of Foote and lesse in Horse and your enemies strength is chiefly in his Cavallary and weake in his Foot-forces then you must make choice of Fields inclosed or the advantage of hils ditches rivers woods moorish grounds and the like whereby the enemies Horse will bee barred from executing their service otherwise if the Army consisteth chiefly in Horse the plains and large fields are most convenient and proper to further their execution Sixthly the Sun and Wind are chiefly to be gained of our sides wherefore the Battalia's must be ranged at some rising with their backs toward it and give Battell before the Sun declines to be in their faces or if the enemy should have the advantage of the Sunne in the morning then to defer battell untill noon whereby you gain the advantage of it in the after-noon But of the two the Wind is principally to be had on your side for there is nothing that can trouble the enemy more than the dust and smoke of Ordnance and Muskets which blinds and choaks them so as they know not what they do nor can perceive how their adversary orders himselfe against them wherefore if you have but a side-wind bee sure you plant most Ordnance upon that side and make what smokie fires of Straw and Muck mingled with Brimstone and Pitch as possibly you can so that the Wind may convey the smoke full into the enemies teeth Finally if it cannot be eschewed but that the Wind must be against you then place your own Ordnance wide of the Flanks of your Army so that the smoke of them may not blind the Front of your Battell Seventhly get some convenient hils either Naturall or Artificiall for the planting of Ordnance to flanker the Army and annoy the enemy the which must be strongly guarded and intrencht if it possibly may be for it is the first thing the enemy will seek to surprize if he possibly may Eighthly the orderly disposing of the Carts Waggons and Carriages and all the impediments of the Army in the Rear so that the Battell may be strengthned and impaled with them or if there be any naturall strength as rivers woods hedges ditches and the like for to defend the Rear then to order and place those carriages and impediments on the Flanks whereby they shall bee impaled and strengthned but if no commodious place may bee found to safeguard your Army then raise intrenchments upon the Flanks and Rear and man them with Piks and Muskets or at least impale them with Pikes and Muskets Ninthly by dividing the Army into divers sundry Battalions or Divisions and so ordering them that one Division or Battalia may releeve the other being overcharged with the enemy for there is no greater danger can possibly betide an Army than to range it so as one Division cannot retire between the other Divisions for safety and strength Many have used to frame their Battels but of one intire Front so that being repulst they have no refuge but to be routed and vanquish'd but this is to be accounted madnesse for it is great wisdome and policie to range three severall Battels to retreat into but never to order lesse than two for if there bee Battels of succour for the main Battell to retrait into then the Files may be the thinner as we have formerly instanced the
proficit labore consenescit Veget. Consuetudine levior labor fit Livi. lib. 25. 〈…〉 tantum ad notatâ— sed etiam picta habeat ut non solum 〈◊〉 mentis verum aspectu oculorum 〈◊〉 profecturis 〈…〉 iâ—â—doneum eugat Veg l 2. Fortuna levis est 〈◊〉 reposcit quae dedit Senec. Sent. Non enim in gradibus quibus ad summum perventum est itur Saepe inter fortunam maximam ultimam nihil interest Sen de Ben. Nihil tam leve est quod non magnam interâ—â—â—m faciat res Momentum Liv. l. 25. Vâ— pâ—tit accidâ—st est souÌ„ventes foys ce commencement des grandmaux Am. Pleut Agis Nocturni terrores Clearcht exercitum invaserunt At ille precepit si noctis tumultus 〈◊〉 nemo rectus consurgeret hoc preceptum docuit 〈◊〉 contem nere nocturuam terrorem Polyoen Strat lib. 2. Tuum hostium exercitum lacorum situm naturam regiâ—â—is nosâ—e Livi. lib. 2â— Miles bee tris 〈◊〉 debâ—t Corpus ut quam validisâ—â—â—â—m pernicissâ—mâ—m habeat aâ—ma apâ—a animum paratum ad Subâ—ta imperia Ceteradâ—is immortalibus 〈◊〉 curae esse Livi. l. 44. If any Horse be Iadish and apt to stâ—â—ke his fellowes or strangers that shall come neere him he is to have a little Bell plast on his Crooper behind that such as know not his qualities may be aware of his Iadish trickes Temporl aptari decet Senec. Med. Vlâ—eriora Mirari praesentia sequi Tac. hist. 4. Consilium nobis resque lâ—cusque dabunt Ovid. Consilia nova pro novis rebut aut ubi priora in prospera Cip. Ao lib. 3. Paucâ—s viâ—os fortâ—s natura procreat bona institutione plures reddit industria Veg l. 3. Exercitus predator ipsa preda hostium Salust Iug. Eventus preliorum inter initia contra illes fuit quibus victoria debebatur veg l. 3. Nam necesse est ad fugam paâ—atâ— sint qui ducem suum sentiant desperare Veg. l. 3. In the Roman coynes the picture of Mars was stamped with a lavelin in one hand and a scourge in the other and the portraiture of a cocke by him intimating his prowesse his command and his vigilancy Godwin Rom. antiqui Quem mâ— tuunt oderunt quem quisque â—dit periisse expetit Multa sunt honesta factu quae sunt turpia visa Inquibusdam notarum peritia calculandi computandique usus exâ—gâ—tur Veg. l. 2. The office of the Quartermasters to a Regiment The office of a Corporall The office of the Trumpets The office of the Fiscall The Office of the Provost Marshall Is demum vir est cuâ—us animum nec prospera statu suo efferant nec adversa infringant Liv. l. 45. Si nihil possis sperare desperes nihil Senec. Humilis parcus animus prosperitatibus effertur adversit autem rebus deprimitur Epicar The art of Riding horses is most noble as appeares by Virgil in his Encidor where he termes King Picus for his excellency and greater praise a breaker or rider of horses Likewise the Poets faine that Bellerophon the son of King Glaucus rode upon a Pegasus when hee slew the Monster Chiâ—era You may take notice that a horse is a very sensible creature and apt to learne and conceive of any words or active demonstrations as appeares by the French mans horse that he had taught to fetch and carry like a Spanell at his command he would lie downe or rise up and kicke or stâ—mpe as many stoâ—â—ps as he pleased to command him with divers other things Vse of the voyce There are five things observeable in the use of the rodde or riding wand first when the horse is fitted to use a wand secondly how to take it for skaring thirdly how to beare it at all times fourthly the use and ends it sâ—â—ves for lastly how and when to use it as a helpe correction or cheerishing to your horse When your horse is managed you must learne how to handle your sword Harquebuz or Pistoll The Rodde is to be borne in the right hand with the point right up to your right shoulder when you trot your horse Note the left hand is onely to be held up so high to rest your Harquebuz or Carbine upon when you discharge and not otherwise Vse of the Caulfe You must not forget to spurre behinde the giâ—ts towards the flanke Thâ—se actions of the heeles are performed with out spurres if the horse will not indure the spurre The use of the Stirrop Vse of the Spurre You may stuffe old bootes with sand and put spurres on them fastening them in the saddle the â—orse running about with them in the pasture will make him endure the spurre Note you are to teach your horse onely in the morning before hee hath provender not failing to ride him every day once untill he be perfect afterwards twice a weeke will be sufficient How to â—read out the Ring Note the same Ring you begâ—n with all the same you must end with whereby there is two turnes difference of that hand you begin on At the first riding of the Ring the horse must be exercised in it eight dayes together The number of 22. Gryson saith makes five large turnes and a halfe foure goinâ— about makes but one large turne Note it is dangerous to shift often your Rings except necessitie constraine you Note you may have a fellow stand at the place of stop with a sticke to Rap him on the knees which will make him tread backe How to teach a horse to rise before Of the narrow turnes there are three kinds described Divers considerations in turnes Remember alwayes to begin your Ring on your right hand and likewise on the same hand to end it How your horse should order his feete at his first turning to either hand Another fashioned Ring to cause a horse to turne perfectly as well upon one hand as upon another In this second figure sixe goings about makes but a large turne the reasons of it are described The last Ring fully described An observation how to make a horse turne to what hand you please How to make a horse turne upon what hand you please Forget not to helpe him with the sound of your tongue Three things observablâ— in the word Manage A very strong Horse requires the mannage with the whole rest and a horse of indifferent strength the halfe and the weake horse the manage without rest A great horse must be ridde the shortest Caâ—eire and a midling slight horse the longer although not much Three things of note in a Carriere first that the horse gathers roundly secondly that he runnes swiftly thirdly that he stops easily When your Horse can runne the Cariere doe not exercise him in it above once in two moneths at most An excellent way to 〈…〉 to fit him for a single fight with the enâ—mie The excellent properties of a horse well 〈◊〉 described The meanes to compell a horse to rayne well described A devise to make a