many_o thing_n which_o elsewhere_o to_o recite_v be_v not_o worth_a the_o while_n much_o less_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n alexander_n neopolitanus_n take_v notice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o those_o be_v esteem_v most_o sacred_a where_o touch_v the_o altar_n of_o the_o god_n they_o swear_v in_o conceive_a word_n and_o those_o next_o in_o which_o they_o swear_v jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la now_o they_o be_v say_v to_o swear_v in_o conceive_a word_n who_o â—ither_o all_o repeat_v the_o formal_a word_n of_o a_o oath_n or_o some_o one_o the_o rest_n signify_v their_o consent_n unto_o his_o word_n by_o some_o word_n or_o sign_n holy_a scripture_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o rite_n especial_o among_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n whereof_o one_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o such_o oath_n as_o superior_n by_o their_o authority_n require_v of_o their_o inferior_n for_o the_o faithful_a performance_n of_o their_o command_n the_o first_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v gen._n 24._o where_o abraham_n require_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n from_o his_o servant_n concern_v the_o choice_n of_o a_o wife_n for_o his_o son_n command_v the_o servant_n to_o put_v his_o hand_n under_o his_o thigh_n the_o like_a jacob_n upon_o his_o death_n bed_v command_v his_o son_n gen._n 47._o when_o he_o commit_v his_o burial_n in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n unto_o joseph_n care_n which_o rite_n whether_o observe_v in_o token_n of_o faith_n whereby_o they_o believe_v in_o the_o bless_a seed_n which_o be_v to_o come_v from_o the_o thigh_n of_o abraham_n or_o in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o covenant_n which_o be_v make_v with_o abraham_n when_o he_o be_v circumcise_v or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n we_o find_v not_o found_v upon_o any_o express_a command_n of_o god_n but_o to_o have_v be_v for_o aught_o we_o can_v gather_v of_o free_a institution_n by_o which_o the_o perverse_a and_o superstitious_a severity_n of_o those_o man_n who_o blame_v all_o rite_n in_o divine_a worship_n as_o execrable_a and_o abominable_a idol_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n which_o for_o decency_n and_o order_n sake_n be_v institute_v by_o humane_a authority_n without_o the_o express_a precept_n of_o god_n be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v admire_v the_o other_o rite_n among_o the_o people_n of_o god_n be_v elevation_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n towards_o heaven_n during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v and_o this_o be_v use_v in_o oath_n voluntary_o take_v and_o not_o by_o command_n of_o other_o which_o rite_n whether_o through_o imitation_n of_o the_o hebrew_n as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n or_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a direction_n look_v towards_o the_o god_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o dwell_v in_o the_o most_o high_a place_n the_o people_n of_o most_o nation_n have_v observe_v and_o of_o this_o as_o of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v the_o first_o example_n in_o the_o story_n of_o abraham_n gen._n 14._o but_o no_o more_o found_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v upon_o any_o special_a command_n of_o god_n than_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o the_o use_n thereof_o increase_v so_o much_o upon_o posterity_n that_o by_o a_o metonymy_n of_o the_o adjunct_n we_o find_v the_o phrase_n of_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n frequent_o put_v for_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v yea_o and_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o proper_o signify_v the_o right_a hand_n be_v not_o seldom_o take_v for_o a_o oath_n by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o arabian_n whence_o some_o of_o the_o interpreter_n understand_v those_o word_n psal._n 148._o 11._o to_o be_v speak_v of_o a_o oath_n who_o mouth_n speak_v vanity_n and_o their_o right_a hand_n be_v a_o right_a hand_n of_o iniquity_n or_o rather_o of_o lie_v and_o falsehood_n for_o so_o proper_o the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v yea_o even_a god_n himself_o where_o he_o be_v represent_v swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n use_v that_o kind_n of_o speech_n i_o lift_v up_o my_o hand_n to_o heaven_n and_o swear_v by_o my_o right_a hand_n deut._n 32._o 40._o to_o this_o rite_n be_v frequent_a allusion_n in_o the_o prophetical_a book_n of_o either_o testament_n and_o here_o we_o have_v another_o occasion_n of_o wonder_n that_o this_o ceremony_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v tolerate_v in_o christian_a church_n but_o approve_v by_o those_o very_a man_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o approve_v the_o use_n of_o other_o rite_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n though_o they_o be_v all_o alike_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a among_o christian_n that_o they_o will_v not_o endure_v they_o but_o cry_v out_o importunate_o to_o have_v they_o banish_v from_o all_o devout_a congregation_n as_o concern_v the_o rite_n of_o christian_n that_o i_o may_v omit_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o various_a ceremony_n use_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o place_n various_o observe_v there_o be_v one_o which_o derive_v unto_o we_o from_o the_o primitive_a time_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n viz._n to_o swear_v in_o conceive_a word_n lay_v the_o hand_n upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n of_o god_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o word_n some_o visible_a external_a gesture_n of_o the_o body_n be_v use_v as_o touch_v the_o altar_n the_o thigh_n the_o book_n cast_v away_o the_o stone_n lift_v up_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o like_a be_v usual_o call_v a_o corporalloath_n sect_n xii_o of_o these_o rite_n which_o be_v use_v in_o solemn_a oath_n the_o second_o case_n or_o the_o second_o question_n be_v whether_o and_o how_o far_o they_o strengthen_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n that_o be_v whether_o a_o solemn_a and_o corporal_a oath_n have_v any_o great_a strength_n of_o obligation_n than_o a_o simple_a oath_n whence_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o one_o may_v contract_v heavyer_n guilt_n then_o that_o of_o the_o other_o in_o answer_n i_o say_v first_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o casuisis_n not_o only_o of_o the_o romish_a party_n but_o also_o of_o the_o reform_a church_n that_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o well_o as_o of_o a_o vow_n see_v oath_n and_o vow_n be_v in_o most_o thing_n alike_o especial_o in_o their_o obligatory_a virtue_n to_o swear_v corporal_o be_v more_o than_o by_o writing_n or_o bare_a speech_n say_v one_o of_o they_o and_o another_o by_o how_o much_o the_o solemnity_n be_v increase_v by_o so_o much_o great_a be_v the_o perjury_n second_o i_o say_v although_o we_o yield_v the_o perjury_n to_o be_v more_o grievous_a yet_o a_o solemn_a oath_n of_o itself_o and_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v not_o more_o obligatory_a than_o a_o simple_a one_o because_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n for_o it_o oblige_v also_o as_o it_o include_v a_o promise_n but_o i_o say_v as_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n arise_v precise_o from_o this_o that_o god_n be_v invoke_v a_o witness_n and_o revenger_n no_o less_o in_o a_o simple_a oath_n then_o in_o the_o solemn_a and_o corporal_a for_o the_o invocation_n be_v make_v precise_o by_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v the_o same_o both_o in_o the_o simple_a and_o solemn_a and_o not_o by_o any_o corporal_a motion_n or_o concomitant_a sign_n in_o which_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o oath_n consist_v wherefore_o three_o i_o say_v that_o solemnity_n aggravate_v the_o sâ—n_n of_o perjury_n be_v accidental_a but_o yet_o necessary_o and_o inseparable_o not_o contingent_o and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a deliberation_n for_o to_o this_o end_n be_v the_o solemnity_n of_o external_a rite_n ordain_v that_o it_o mightstrike_v the_o mind_n with_o the_o great_a reverence_n of_o the_o act_n and_o as_o it_o be_v sense_n of_o religion_n to_o the_o end_n the_o agent_n may_v be_v bend_v upon_o the_o act_n with_o the_o great_a attention_n and_o deliberation_n and_o every_o sin_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la be_v the_o more_o grievous_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v against_o the_o more_o deliberate_a and_o precedent_a act_n of_o the_o will_n second_o the_o perjury_n of_o a_o solemn_a oath_n be_v the_o more_o grievous_a because_o it_o give_v the_o great_a scandal_n for_o with_o the_o more_o solemnity_n a_o thing_n be_v do_v the_o more_o attentive_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o most_o and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v offence_n in_o it_o the_o example_n will_v be_v the_o more_o notorious_a and_o pernicious_a four_o i_o say_v see_v it_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v expedient_a in_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v part_n of_o god_n worship_n that_o for_o the_o great_a reverence_n of_o the_o act_n a_o certain_a solemnity_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o also_o a_o prescribe_a form_n of_o word_n it_o seem_v that_o no_o just_a reason_n can_v
de_fw-fr juramento_fw-la seven_o lecture_n concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o promissory_a oath_n read_v public_o in_o the_o divinity_n school_n at_o oxford_n by_o robert_n senderson_n d._n d._n his_o majesty_n public_a professor_n there_o translate_v into_o english_a by_o his_o late_a majesty_n special_a command_n and_o afterward_o revise_v and_o approve_v under_o his_o majesty_n own_o hand_n london_n print_v by_o e._n c._n for_o humphrey_n moseley_n octavian_n pulleyn_n and_o andrew_n crook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o their_o shop_n in_o st._n pauls-châ—â—châ—yard_a 1655._o to_o the_o reader_n shall_v i_o tell_v thou_o no_o more_o but_o the_o author_n name_n and_o by_o who_o command_n this_o book_n be_v make_v english_a it_o be_v sufficient_a commendation_n but_o because_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o waste_v many_o word_n know_v that_o whether_o thou_o be_v a_o ruler_n or_o a_o subject_a single_a or_o marry_v this_o book_n will_v concern_v thou_o since_o thou_o can_v not_o make_v any_o oath_n promise_v or_o stipulation_n and_o thou_o can_v not_o quiet_o live_v without_o they_o but_o may_v here_o read_v how_o far_o thou_o stand_v oblige_v so_o that_o whether_o thou_o love_v thy_o own_o conscience_n or_o thy_o neighbour_n the_o author_n and_o perhaps_o the_o translator_n have_v here_o do_v thou_o a_o courtesy_n farewell_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n the_o first_o lecture_n numb._n 30._o 2._o if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n the_o summary_n 1._o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v propose_v 2._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n 3._o a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a act._n 4._o in_o a_o oath_n god_n be_v call_v to_o witness_v 5._o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v something_o in_o doubt_n 6._o the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v credit_n 7._o the_o definition_n give_v contain_v all_o the_o four_o kind_n of_o cause_n 8._o oath_n assertory_n and_o promissory_a 9_o oath_n comminatory_n 10._o oath_n execratory_n 11._o the_o definition_n and_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n 12._o obligation_n to_o guilt_n and_o to_o punishment_n 13._o a_o oath_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o obligatory_a 14._o the_o different_a obligation_n of_o the_o assertory_n and_o promissory_a sect_n i._o i_o shall_v handle_v this_o matter_n with_o the_o more_o expedition_n and_o your_o better_a profit_n as_o i_o conceive_v if_o in_o the_o very_a entrance_n i_o lay_v before_o your_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v a_o general_a map_n of_o my_o future_a discourse_n for_o so_o both_o you_o may_v better_o understand_v my_o design_n and_o i_o more_o certain_o bind_v my_o speech_n that_o i_o may_v either_o contain_v it_o within_o the_o due_a compass_n or_o if_o it_o chance_v to_o start_v out_o a_o little_a it_o do_v not_o so_o loose_o wander_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v mature_o bring_v in_o order_n and_o reduce_v unto_o the_o point_n i_o shall_v therefore_o deliver_v the_o whole_a matter_n under_o three_o head_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v of_o what_o i_o speak_v i_o will_v show_v what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n be_v in_o particular_a &_o what_o obligation_n then_o because_o the_o determination_n of_o uncertain_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a i_o shall_v propose_v certain_a axiom_n or_o general_a rule_n derive_v from_o the_o fountain_n of_o natural_a law_n and_o confirm_v by_o general_a consent_n as_o hypothesis_n and_o touchstone_n of_o the_o future_a disquisition_n from_o whence_o the_o decision_n of_o particular_a case_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v as_o unto_o their_o rule_n &_o canon_n these_o two_o necessary_o premise_v of_o which_o one_o will_v give_v light_a to_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v the_o other_o strength_n and_o foundation_n i_o shall_v come_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o salve_v those_o doubt_n which_o may_v have_v any_o difficulty_n in_o they_o worthy_a of_o debate_n or_o may_v serve_v to_o cast_v any_o scruple_n into_o the_o mind_n and_o conscience_n of_o pious_a man_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n and_o by_o far_o the_o large_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o case_n into_o certain_a class_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o four_o kind_n of_o cause_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o obligation_n reserve_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n both_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v to_o the_o solution_n of_o that_o bond_n and_o any_o other_o which_o i_o shall_v either_o find_v to_o have_v be_v omit_v in_o their_o due_a place_n or_o judge_v fit_a for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o life_n and_o conscience_n to_o be_v annex_v sect_n ii_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a treaty_n thus_o delineate_v as_o in_o a_o map_n now_o i_o betake_v myself_o to_o the_o matter_n where_o first_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v what_o a_o oath_n be_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o insist_v upon_o the_o name_n and_o the_o define_n thereof_o for_o the_o ill_a custom_n of_o swear_v be_v grow_v to_o that_o pass_n and_o the_o familiar_a abuse_n of_o this_o so_o sacred_a a_o thing_n be_v such_o in_o these_o debauch_a time_n that_o it_o can_v be_v unknown_a to_o no_o man_n nay_o not_o unto_o child_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v author_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v various_o express_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o according_a to_o their_o particular_a fancy_n that_o of_o cicero_n be_v the_o most_o concise_a a_o oath_n say_v he_o be_v a_o religious_a affirmation_n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o both_o admire_v and_o be_o angry_a at_o the_o forward_a youth_n of_o this_o age_n who_o i_o know_v not_o out_o of_o what_o erroneous_a prejudice_n but_o i_o be_o confident_a to_o their_o own_o great_a hurt_n avoid_v cicero_n as_o a_o writer_n of_o too_o much_o prolixity_n but_o i_o return_v if_o any_o man_n desire_v a_o full_a definition_n of_o a_o oath_n let_v he_o take_v this_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a act_n by_o which_o god_n be_v call_v to_o witness_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o some_o matter_n in_o doubt_n every_o member_n of_o this_o definition_n i_o shall_v particular_o explain_v sect_n iii_o first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n act_n be_v put_v as_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o though_o a_o oath_n be_v proper_o in_o the_o predicament_n of_o relation_n yet_o because_o the_o relative_a respect_n which_o be_v in_o a_o oath_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n impertinent_o define_v by_o such_o a_o act_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o relative_n the_o matter_n or_o ground_n of_o that_o relation_n be_v usual_o put_v in_o for_o the_o genus_fw-la now_o that_o it_o be_v a_o religious_a act_n be_v manifest_a first_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n deut._n 6._o 13._o thou_o shall_v fear_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o swear_v by_o his_o name_n from_o which_o place_n the_o schoolman_n unanimous_o conclude_v that_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o use_v their_o term_n cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la that_o be_v a_o act_n of_o such_o holy_a worship_n as_o be_v due_a unto_o god_n alone_o socond_o it_o be_v manife_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n among_o who_o as_o lead_v by_o one_o light_n of_o nature_n the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v be_v ever_o hold_v most_o sacred_a insomuch_o that_o the_o very_a word_n sanctity_n religion_n and_o other_o of_o like_a sense_n be_v scarce_o in_o any_o other_o so_o frequent_o use_v among_o heathen_a writer_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n of_o oath_n and_o though_o they_o have_v many_o rite_n among_o they_o which_o they_o hold_v sacred_a yet_o to_o a_o oath_n only_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o holy_a of_o their_o holy_a thing_n remain_v as_o peculiar_a right_n by_o the_o name_n of_o sacrament_n from_o whence_o that_o name_n pass_v afterward_o into_o the_o church_n from_o some_o similitude_n with_o the_o military_a sacrament_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o to_o signify_v some_o other_o thing_n the_o french_a also_o at_o this_o day_n frame_v the_o latin_a word_n sacramentum_fw-la unto_o their_o pronunciation_n call_v a_o oath_n unserement_n three_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o most_o evident_a reason_n because_o a_o oath_n tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n as_o be_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o truth_n wisdom_n justice_n and_o divine_a power_n for_o although_o a_o false_a oath_n or_o a_o oath_n light_o rash_o
timerous_o as_o show_v he_o have_v not_o much_o faith_n in_o this_o argument_n kind_a of_o collusion_n a_o certain_a kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o traveller_n if_o to_o the_o apparent_a hazard_n of_o his_o life_n he_o fall_v among_o thief_n to_o do_v something_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o collusion_n with_o they_o that_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o impediment_n of_o justice_n encouragement_n of_o wicked_a person_n in_o their_o impiety_n occasion_n of_o lead_v other_o into_o the_o like_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n through_o such_o silence_n will_v be_v prevalent_a indeed_o if_o the_o traveller_n be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n safe_a and_o unsworn_a but_o we_o suppose_v except_o he_o have_v swear_v he_o have_v be_v slay_v i_o ask_v therefore_o whether_o in_o such_o certain_a danger_n of_o â—â—e_z be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v or_o not_o lawful_a if_o not_o lawful_a and_o certain_o the_o two_o first_o argument_n either_o prove_v that_o or_o nothing_o he_o have_v perish_v and_o who_o then_o shall_v have_v give_v the_o magistrate_n information_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v object_v from_o this_o silence_n may_v they_o not_o see_v dead_a man_n be_v enjoin_v perpetual_a silence_n be_v object_v from_o his_o death_n but_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v than_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o keep_v the_o oath_n except_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o unexpected_o do_v render_v the_o thing_n lawful_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v afterward_o unlawful_a let_v this_o therefore_o till_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o strong_a argument_n remain_v both_o in_o this_o case_n &_o the_o rest_n where_o deceit_n fear_n tyranny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v exercise_v that_o a_o honest_a man_n either_o ought_v not_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o which_o if_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v not_o unlawful_a seem_v hard_a in_o imminent_a and_o apparent_a danger_n or_o ought_v religious_o to_o observe_v his_o oath_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n in_o which_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v be_v brief_a if_o the_o matter_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o my_o discourse_n have_v increase_v upon_o my_o meditation_n beyond_o what_o i_o expect_v and_o yet_o while_o i_o study_v brevity_n i_o have_v willing_o omit_v many_o thing_n whereof_o i_o may_v profitable_o have_v speak_v the_o five_o lecture_n of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v ten_o case_n summary_n 1_o oath_n by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n 2_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n 3_o oath_n by_o idol_n 4_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o no._n 5_o the_o first_o trial_n the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n 6_o the_o second_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n 7_o of_o joseph_n form_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n 8_o third_z trial_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n 9_o four_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 10_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a trial_n 11_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o a_o oath_n 12_o whether_o solemnity_n increase_v obligation_n 13_o solemnity_n of_o oath_n omit_v sect_n i._o the_o material_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n now_o the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a the_o case_n of_o this_o classis_fw-la be_v so_o under_o two_o head_n to_o be_v divide_v as_o may_v bring_v those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o interior_a sense_n under_o the_o name_n of_o external_a form_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n under_o that_o of_o internal_a form_n a_o oath_n in_o respect_n of_o external_a form_n consist_v of_o sign_n only_o or_o of_o word_n only_o or_o of_o both_o wherefore_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n there_o have_v be_v who_o have_v think_v except_o the_o word_n i_o swear_v or_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v express_o use_v as_o i_o swear_v i_o will_v perform_v it_o by_o god_n i_o will_v do_v it_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v so_o god_n help_v i_o or_o the_o like_a that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n and_o no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o obligatory_a under_o peril_n of_o falsehood_n only_o not_o of_o perjury_n so_o that_o he_o who_o fulfil_v not_o his_o promise_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v be_v guilty_a of_o violate_a faith_n but_o not_o of_o a_o violate_a oath_n and_o among_o the_o casuist_n bartolus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v judge_v word_n at_o the_o least_o some_o so_o necessary_a unto_o a_o oath_n that_o unless_o the_o testimony_n invoke_v be_v in_o express_a word_n pronounce_v it_o can_v not_o formal_o be_v a_o oath_n nor_o under_o that_o name_n obligatory_a but_o these_o two_o opinion_n be_v worthy_o reject_v by_o all_o for_o see_v word_n be_v but_o interpreter_n of_o thing_n conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v character_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o those_o thing_n conceive_v though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o convenient_o yet_o sufficient_o to_o be_v signify_v by_o other_o mean_n as_o write_v nod_n sign_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o other_o no_o necessity_n enjoin_v the_o use_n of_o word_n so_o mute_n they_o who_o have_v have_v their_o tongue_n cut_v out_o and_o such_o as_o lie_v speechless_a upon_o their_o deathbed_n when_o they_o contract_v marriage_n make_v their_o will_n or_o perform_v any_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a signification_n of_o their_o assent_n which_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n use_v by_o nod_n by_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n or_o other_o sign_n to_o signify_v their_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n ask_v which_o signification_n be_v no_o less_o valid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o oath_n to_o which_o so_o god_n be_v any_o way_n invoke_v witness_n whether_o express_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o tacit_o by_o any_o sign_n whereby_o the_o person_n who_o it_o concern_v may_v manifest_o perceive_v that_o the_o party_n desire_v as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n to_o engage_v his_o faith_n such_o a_o act_n be_v both_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o full_o sufficient_a to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n which_o stobaeus_n bring_v out_o of_o a_o old_a comedian_n the_o oath_n be_v firm_a if_o i_o but_o give_v a_o nod_n he_o be_v therefore_o very_o much_o deceive_v and_o his_o own_o impostor_n who_o think_v himself_o either_o free_a from_o or_o more_o loose_a in_o his_o obligation_n because_o he_o utter_v no_o word_n that_o may_v express_v a_o oath_n if_o to_o another_o ask_v he_o a_o question_n as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n witness_n and_o arbyter_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o behaviour_n he_o seem_v plain_o to_o consent_v or_o if_o where_o it_o may_v be_v advantageous_a unto_o he_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o worldly_a gain_n that_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v swear_v unto_o the_o word_n of_o another_o he_o know_o and_o witting_o make_v use_n of_o a_o friend_n to_o witness_v though_o false_o that_o he_o have_v so_o swear_v he_o have_v bind_v by_o that_o fact_n his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o do_v according_a unto_o all_o that_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o party_n ask_v or_o require_v then_o if_o it_o have_v proceed_v out_o of_o his_o own_o mouth_n if_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o must_v perform_v it_o but_o if_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v unlawful_a he_o can_v by_o this_o trick_n evade_v perjury_n sect_n ii_o furthermore_o as_o oath_n may_v be_v swear_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n so_o they_o may_v and_o most_o common_o be_v by_o word_n only_o without_o sign_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o rash_a one_o which_o slip_v out_o in_o common_a discourse_n and_o other_o now_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v consider_v yet_o two_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v or_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o form_n of_o speech_n in_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v wherefore_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n in_o
without_o any_o scruple_n that_o among_o the_o jew_n from_o the_o time_n this_o custom_n of_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n wax_v strong_a the_o reverence_n of_o oath_n decay_v very_o much_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n mat._n 5._o &_o 23._o which_o two_o place_n lay_v together_o afford_v a_o sense_n tend_v to_o the_o correction_n of_o a_o double_a perhaps_o a_o treble_a error_n first_o that_o the_o jew_n grant_v unto_o themselves_o so_o they_o abstain_v from_o the_o name_n of_o god_n liberty_n of_o swear_v in_o every_o trifle_n second_o that_o they_o think_v it_o no_o sin_n to_o swear_v though_o by_o god_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o they_o swear_v three_o that_o while_o they_o swear_v but_o by_o the_o creature_n and_o not_o by_o god_n they_o think_v a_o falsehood_n no_o perjury_n for_o so_o they_o perverse_o interpret_v that_o place_n thou_o shall_v not_o for_o swear_v thyself_o but_o shall_v render_v thy_o oath_n unto_o the_o lord_n wherefore_o christ_n teach_v that_o oath_n take_v not_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n but_o of_o creature_n be_v as_o true_o oath_n and_o as_o full_o obligatory_a as_o those_o wherein_o god_n be_v express_o mention_v and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o former_a case_n sect_n iii_o the_o latter_a case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n make_v by_o idol_n or_o false_a go_n for_o solution_n of_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o case_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n be_v simple_o unlawful_a apparent_o idolatrous_a and_o express_o prohibit_v by_o god_n for_o they_o direct_v the_o true_a worship_n due_a unto_o the_o true_a god_n only_o unto_o god_n which_o be_v not_o true_a contrary_a unto_o the_o precept_n deut._n 6._o 13._o thou_o shall_v fear_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o swear_v by_o his_o name_n and_o god_n himself_o grievous_o upbraid_v his_o people_n with_o this_o sin_n jer._n 5._o 7._o how_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o pardon_v thou_o for_o this_o thy_o child_n have_v forsake_v i_o and_o swear_v by_o they_o that_o be_v no_o go_n second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n oblige_v upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o he_o who_o have_v violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v in_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v perjure_v so_o say_v augustine_n because_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o such_o as_o he_o ought_v not_o and_o do_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n that_o which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v he_o have_v commit_v double_a sin_n and_o again_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o a_o stone_n if_o he_o swear_v a_o falsehood_n be_v perjure_v you_o may_v perhaps_o object_n that_o this_o wherein_o god_n be_v not_o invoke_v witness_n see_v a_o false_a god_n be_v no_o god_n can_v be_v no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o obligatory_a i_o answer_v though_o a_o false_a god_n be_v indeed_o no_o god_n because_o as_o truth_n and_o ens_fw-la so_o falsehood_n and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v convertible_a he_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o god_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o he_o who_o swear_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v obligation_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o one_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la be_v a_o true_a oath_n to_o wit_n the_o erroneous_a conscience_n of_o the_o party_n suppose_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o perform_v the_o thing_n which_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o conscience_n he_o have_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n where_o faith_n swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n be_v violate_v injury_n be_v do_v unto_o the_o true_a god_n because_o the_o party_n swear_v though_o under_o false_a mark_n yet_o by_o a_o general_a comprehension_n reflect_v upon_o divine_a power_n whence_o augustine_n the_o stone_n do_v not_o bear_v thou_o speak_v but_o god_n punish_v thou_o not_o perform_v allude_v as_o i_o conceive_v unto_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o the_o roman_n where_o the_o party_n swear_v hold_v a_o flint_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o know_o deceive_v let_v jupiter_n cast_v i_o from_o all_o good_a man_n as_o i_o this_o stone_n which_o say_v he_o throw_v the_o stone_n immediate_o from_o he_o and_o they_o who_o have_v perform_v this_o ceremony_n be_v say_v jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la jurare_fw-la he_o therefore_o who_o forswear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n shall_v find_v the_o true_a god_n revenger_n of_o his_o perjury_n and_o contempt_n of_o divine_a power_n and_o religion_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n nay_o augustine_n be_v so_o confident_a that_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o affirm_v it_o less_o evil_a to_o swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n true_o then_o by_o the_o true_a god_n false_o which_o speech_n of_o he_o may_v not_o be_v understand_v at_o large_a and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n but_o strict_o as_o to_o the_o falsehood_n and_o perjury_n which_o in_o that_o place_n be_v only_o consider_v three_o i_o say_v upon_o the_o obligatory_a power_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n depend_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o question_n which_o be_v put_v by_o one_o publicola_n unto_o bless_a augustine_n handle_v at_o large_a by_o the_o author_n in_o his_o whole_a epistle_n 15._o 4._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o one_o who_o we_o know_v will_v swear_v by_o idol_n augustine_n hold_v the_o affirmative_a and_o prove_v it_o first_o by_o example_n of_o abraham_n who_o confirm_v the_o league_n contract_v with_o abimelech_n by_o oath_n mutual_o give_v and_o receive_v gen._n 21._o and_o of_o jacob_n covenant_n make_v with_o laban_n gen._n 31._o then_o by_o reason_n because_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o convenient_a mean_n whereby_o league_n may_v be_v make_v and_o public_a faith_n and_o peace_n preserve_v with_o idolater_n nor_o do_v the_o true_a god_n any_o where_o forbid_v the_o good_a use_n of_o faith_n though_o wicked_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v to_o partake_v of_o another_o sin_n augustine_n answer_v we_o do_v not_o by_o this_o mean_n associate_v ourselves_o with_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n devil_n in_o the_o evil_a of_o sin_n but_o in_o the_o good_a of_o his_o contract_n whereby_o he_o engage_v and_o perform_v his_o faith_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o second_o doubt_n sect_n iv._o the_o three_o doubt_n follow_v which_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o verbal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v that_o see_v every_o oath_n true_o and_o formal_o such_o oblige_v under_o guilt_n of_o perjury_n but_o not_o such_o form_n as_o be_v not_o oath_n it_o be_v needful_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a among_o those_o form_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v oath_n by_o some_o note_n or_o character_n to_o know_v which_o be_v and_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o and_o formal_o oath_n in_o which_o matter_n i_o confess_v of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o casuist_n as_o in_o this_o straightness_n of_o time_n i_o can_v peruse_v i_o find_v none_o satisfactory_a some_o of_o they_o touch_v this_o question_n light_o other_o handle_v it_o indistinct_o to_o the_o end_n therefore_o i_o may_v propose_v something_o concern_v this_o point_n more_o distinct_o as_o my_o haste_n to_o other_o thing_n will_v permit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o unto_o a_o bare_a assertion_n or_o promise_n some_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n be_v usual_o add_v and_o that_o by_o asseveration_n obtestation_n or_o by_o a_o oath_n which_o three_o albeit_o they_o may_v seem_v little_a distant_a and_o rather_o to_o differ_v in_o degree_n then_o kind_a nevertheless_o intrinsical_o formal_o and_o specifical_o they_o be_v each_o distinct_a from_o other_o it_o be_v true_a this_o distinction_n through_o their_o affinity_n the_o end_n at_o which_o they_o aim_v and_o word_n whereby_o they_o be_v express_v be_v oftentimes_o so_o obscure_a that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a either_o not_o altogether_o to_o confound_v they_o or_o skilful_o and_o dexterous_o to_o distinguish_v they_o wherefore_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o may_v be_v the_o better_o discern_v from_o other_o four_o thing_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o trial_n of_o every_o form_n of_o speech_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n a_o obtestation_n or_o mere_a asseveration_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o form_n of_o word_n the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o same_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v sect_n v._o first_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o sufficient_o apparent_a by_o the_o very_a form_n of_o the_o word_n whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o not_o swear_v unto_o i_o that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o swear_v or_o by_o god_n i_o will_v or_o i_o promise_v before_o god_n i_o will_v or_o as_o god_n help_v i_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o if_o any_o
of_o these_o or_o the_o like_a be_v answer_v it_o be_v a_o oath_n whosoever_o use_v such_o form_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v and_o if_o he_o perform_v not_o the_o thing_n promise_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n but_o in_o this_o now_o will_v you_o give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o the_o very_a word_n add_v no_o further_a confirmation_n of_o faith_n make_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n you_o tell_v i_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o will_v you_o give_v i_o they_o certain_o i_o will_v believe_v i_o i_o will_v not_o deceive_v you_o here_o some_o kind_n of_o confirmation_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o promise_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a form_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n neither_o a_o oath_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o obtestation_n see_v god_n be_v neither_o call_v to_o witness_v nor_o any_o other_o pawn_n of_o faith_n engage_v how_o shall_v i_o know_v that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o that_o hundred_o which_o you_o promise_v here_o be_v my_o hand_n by_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o as_o true_o as_o the_o sun_n shine_v i_o will_v do_v it_o never_o believe_v i_o more_o if_o i_o dot_v not_o etc._n etc._n the_o word_n themselves_o show_v that_o they_o contain_v more_o than_o a_o bare_a asseveration_n but_o they_o be_v not_o a_o oath_n yet_o these_o therefore_o be_v rather_o obtestation_n wherein_o for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o a_o matter_n promise_v or_o assever_v we_o interpose_v something_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o or_o certain_a and_o manifest_v unto_o all_o as_o a_o pawn_n of_o our_o faith_n wherefore_o if_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o mere_a form_n that_o the_o thing_n assume_v for_o confirmation_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n a_o bare_a asseveration_n or_o a_o obtestation_n there_o need_v no_o far_a examination_n sect_n vi_o but_o because_o it_o happeneeh_a very_o often_o through_o the_o resemblance_n of_o some_o ambiguous_a or_o large_a signification_n of_o a_o word_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n that_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o word_n utter_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n or_o no_o in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o must_v be_v attentive_a unto_o the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n and_o from_o thence_o make_v the_o judgement_n for_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o form_n that_o all_o those_o speech_n which_o appeal_v unto_o the_o name_n of_o god_n or_o wherein_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_a per_n or_o the_o english_a by_o be_v use_v with_o the_o accusative_a case_n be_v formal_o oath_n lead_v by_o which_o reason_n only_a soto_n conceive_v so_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o term_n by_o my_o faith_n and_o in_o faith_n by_o my_o troth_n and_o in_o troth_n that_o he_o determine_v those_o to_o be_v formal_o oath_n these_o none_o but_o if_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v well_o look_v into_o there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o proposition_n by_o and_o in_o be_v apply_v unto_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v apply_v unto_o be_v sacred_a or_o civil_a the_o form_n by_o god_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n for_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v but_o that_o by_o my_o faith_n though_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o country_n or_o intention_n of_o he_o who_o speak_v it_o may_v be_v a_o oath_n be_v no_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o at_o the_o most_o a_o obtestation_n because_o humane_a faith_n be_v not_o a_o sacred_a but_o a_o civil_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v not_o god_n to_o witness_v but_o speak_v as_o he_o believe_v or_o declare_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v utter_v with_o serious_a and_o sincere_a deliberation_n of_o mind_n for_o the_o genuine_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n by_o my_o faith_n whether_o in_o a_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a matter_n be_v this_o i_o speak_v from_o my_o heart_n i_o tell_v you_o my_o very_a thought_n i_o pawn_v my_o faith_n to_o you_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o if_o to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o deceive_v you_o let_v i_o never_o be_v believe_v more_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o the_o interposition_n of_o faith_n make_v not_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n unless_o perhaps_o it_o recall_v we_o to_o some_o oath_n which_o we_o have_v former_o make_v as_o in_o this_o university_n when_o a_o man_n be_v require_v to_o answer_v unto_o a_o question_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o oath_n according_a to_o this_o form_n you_o shall_v speak_v by_o your_o faith_n give_v unto_o this_o university_n and_o when_o convocation_n be_v solemn_o call_v whereunto_o the_o doctor_n master_n regent_n and_o non-regent_n be_v warn_v by_o the_o beadle_n to_o repair_v per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la the_o like_a in_o my_o opinion_n though_o other_o i_o know_v think_v otherwise_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o that_o of_o paul_n by_o our_o rejoice_v 23._o which_o i_o have_v in_o christ_n i_o die_v daily_o to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v proper_o no_o oath_n but_o a_o serious_a asseveration_n only_o that_o as_o he_o be_v subject_a unto_o death_n so_o he_o be_v daily_o prepare_v for_o death_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o call_v he_o sect_n vii_o now_o it_o may_v perhaps_o by_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v convenient_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o those_o word_n whereupon_o interpreter_n various_o dispute_v of_o joseph_n unto_o his_o brethren_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v 15._o spy_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o joseph_n have_v be_v long_o conversant_a with_o pharaoh_n courtier_n as_o infect_v with_o a_o touch_n of_o their_o disease_n begin_v to_o savour_v at_o the_o least_o in_o this_o point_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o example_n the_o egyptians_n be_v accustom_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o king_n life_n as_o the_o roman_n in_o latter_a age_n be_v by_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o i_o can_v easy_o suffer_v myself_o to_o judge_v otherwise_o of_o the_o word_n and_o action_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o piety_n then_o necessity_n compel_v i_o see_v divers_a of_o the_o ancient_n in_o contribute_v unto_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o saint_n too_o indulgent_a unto_o their_o own_o wit_n while_o they_o will_v cover_v apparent_a defect_n with_o specious_a excuse_n a_o error_n much_o more_o pardonable_a than_o they_o who_o in_o this_o age_n delight_v with_o the_o contrary_a love_v to_o be_v curious_a enquirer_n into_o the_o fault_n of_o devout_a man_n and_o lest_o matter_n shall_v be_v want_v unto_o calumny_n by_o pervert_v blameless_a action_n bestow_v crack_n upon_o crystal_n glass_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o wash_n other_o allow_v a_o more_o favourable_a interpretation_n unto_o the_o speech_n of_o joseph_n that_o he_o use_v for_o once_o only_o this_o form_n of_o swear_v familiar_a unto_o the_o courtier_n as_o a_o accomplishment_n of_o his_o disguise_n and_o that_o he_o may_v more_o skilful_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o a_o egyptian_a prince_n which_o he_o counterfeit_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v discover_v by_o his_o brethren_n but_o i_o do_v not_o like_a to_o lay_v this_o burden_n though_o somewhat_o light_a upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o most_o holy_a man_n without_o any_o necessity_n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v they_o who_o absolve_v joseph_n from_o all_o guilt_n but_o with_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o think_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n before_o christ_n forbid_v that_o kind_n of_o oath_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n which_o opinion_n i_o confess_v so_o far_o as_o it_o acquit_v joseph_n of_o sin_n i_o allow_v but_o of_o the_o reason_n for_o it_o i_o can_v allow_v for_o first_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o christ_n do_v more_o especial_o forbid_v oath_n by_o creature_n than_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o god_n for_o he_o general_o prohibit_v the_o unnecessary_a one_o of_o either_o kind_n a_o new_a prohibition_n of_o that_o which_o be_v always_o unlawful_a will_v have_v be_v needless_a and_o that_o which_o he_o speak_v of_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n in_o particular_a tend_v to_o show_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n once_o make_v contrary_a to_o what_o the_o jew_n think_v of_o it_o be_v no_o less_o obligatory_a than_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n express_v second_o neither_o be_v it_o true_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a before_o christ_n for_o pious_a man_n by_o any_o dispensation_n or_o divine_a indulgence_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n see_v
be_v give_v why_o both_o the_o moderate_a use_n of_o solemnity_n and_o a_o certain_a form_n of_o word_n shall_v be_v banish_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n i_o confess_v though_o i_o have_v think_v upon_o the_o thing_n with_o myself_o and_o inquire_v much_o of_o other_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o find_v out_o why_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v from_o oath_n as_o superstitious_a addition_n or_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o god_n service_n as_o profitable_a help_n to_o piety_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o he_o who_o can_v unriddle_v it_o it_o be_v beyond_o my_o skill_n sect_n xiii_o the_o five_o doubt_n remain_v which_o be_v neither_o difficult_a nor_o shall_v be_v tedious_a and_o it_o be_v of_o a_o oath_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o solemnity_n be_v omit_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n as_o when_o a_o oath_n be_v give_v unto_o a_o prince_n or_o some_o great_a officer_n at_o his_o coronation_n or_o time_n when_o he_o receive_v trust_v and_o honour_n the_o ordinary_a rite_n as_o the_o touch_n and_o kiss_v of_o the_o book_n etc._n etc._n omit_v the_o word_n unto_o which_o he_o be_v to_o swear_v be_v read_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v only_o admonish_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o his_o honour_n etc._n etc._n faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o unto_o which_o admonition_n if_o he_o move_v his_o hand_n unto_o his_o breast_n answer_v only_o that_o he_o promise_v the_o oath_n be_v account_v take_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v brief_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v no_o lefse_n oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o the_o faithful_a performance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v then_o if_o he_o have_v pronounce_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n every_o word_n and_o syllable_n and_o have_v exact_o accomplish_v there_a of_o the_o ceremony_n and_o solemnity_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v sufsice_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n perhaps_o you_o expect_v as_o i_o have_v determine_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n shall_v have_v be_v comprehend_v also_o in_o this_o lecture_n but_o that_o part_n contain_v some_o doubt_n of_o great_a use_n and_o moment_n and_o worthy_a of_o large_a room_n espcial_o that_o part_n which_o explain_v in_o what_o sense_n a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v wherefore_o lest_o i_o shall_v injure_v you_o with_o too_o much_o prolixity_n or_o the_o matter_n with_o two_o much_o brevity_n i_o shall_v do_v my_o endeavour_n that_o in_o the_o next_o lecture_n together_o with_o the_o final_a cause_n which_o contain_v not_o many_o doubt_n nor_o much_o difficulty_n i_o may_v finish_v that_o which_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o the_o internal_a form_n the_o six_o lecture_n of_o the_o internal_a form_n and_o final_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1_o of_o the_o internal_a form_n or_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n 2_o where_o the_o party_n be_v agree_v upon_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n 3_o 4_o whether_o verbal_a equivocation_n avail_v any_o thing_n 5_o 6_o or_o mental_a reservation_n 7_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v elude_v by_o a_o study_a subterfuge_n 8_o in_o what_o sense_n voluntary_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 9_o 10_o and_o in_o what_o oath_n that_o be_v require_v 11_o how_o far_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n depend_v upon_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o same_o 12_o a_o oath_n upon_o condition_n 13_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n of_o a_o oath_n 14_o when_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v swear_v for_o a_o evil_a end_n 15_o whether_o the_o party_n swear_v not_o intend_v to_o swear_v be_v oblige_v 16_o a_o oath_n by_o the_o way_n of_o compliment_n 17_o when_o a_o man_n be_v doubtful_a whether_o he_o have_v swear_v or_o no._n 18_o a_o man_n willing_a to_o swear_v but_o intend_v not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o sect_n i._o we_o propose_v a_o twofold_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n external_a and_o internal_a the_o external_a follow_v the_o sign_n and_o word_n which_o be_v object_n of_o our_o external_a sense_n we_o finish_v in_o our_o last_o lecture_n we_o come_v to_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v in_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n and_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n now_o in_o this_o place_n i_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o form_n by_o which_o we_o understand_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v swear_v for_o of_o this_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o oath_n when_o we_o discourse_v upon_o the_o outward_a form_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o promise_n confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n and_o contain_v in_o the_o word_n a_o matter_n true_o of_o great_a moment_n and_o manifold_a use_n and_o in_o either_o relation_n worthy_a of_o your_o most_o diligent_a attention_n for_o it_o be_v of_o much_o concernment_n to_o know_v in_o what_o sense_n you_o swear_v because_o he_o be_v forswear_v who_o perform_v not_o what_o he_o promise_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n wherein_o he_o promise_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v promise_v it_o and_o that_o not_o in_o oath_n only_o but_o in_o vow_n promise_n league_n contract_n and_o all_o other_o convention_n wherein_o it_o behove_v a_o honest_a man_n that_o his_o deal_n be_v fair_a and_o his_o performance_n exact_o agreeable_a with_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o his_o undertake_n wherefore_o to_o the_o point_n the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v either_o clear_a or_o ambiguous_a sect_n ii_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o have_v a_o manifest_a unquestionable_a sense_n where_o four_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n or_o promise_n be_v so_o clear_a either_o first_o by_o their_o proper_a and_o ordinary_a signification_n or_o second_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o speech_n receive_v in_o any_o country_n or_o three_o by_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n that_o their_o sense_n be_v full_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o person_n interest_v for_o example_n of_o the_o first_o i_o caius_n promise_n unto_o thou_o titius_n to_o give_v thou_o possession_n of_o my_o land_n in_o tusâ—ulan_n if_o within_o a_o month_n time_n thou_o pay_v i_o a_o hundred_o crown_n example_n of_o the_o second_o john_n bargain_n with_o peter_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n which_o i_o owe_v you_o i_o will_v deliver_v you_o to_o morrow_n a_o hundred_o of_o my_o weather_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o your_o land_n i_o will_v pay_v you_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o three_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o example_n although_o a_o hundred_o be_v a_o word_n so_o ambiguous_a that_o sometime_o it_o signify_v five_o score_n sometime_o six_o score_n yet_o by_o the_o receive_a use_n of_o it_o throughout_o england_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n will_v be_v so_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o controversy_n about_o the_o sense_n thereof_o because_o we_o all_o know_v that_o a_o hundred_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o money_n signify_v five_o score_n and_o when_o of_o cattle_n six_o so_o a_o bushel_n in_o the_o latter_a example_n be_v a_o measure_n contain_v double_a the_o quantity_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o it_o denote_v in_o the_o southern_a so_o wheresoever_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v the_o use_n of_o the_o place_n will_v so_o explain_v the_o ambiguity_n that_o plain_a deal_n man_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n disagree_v about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n example_n of_o the_o three_o titius_n desire_v to_o buy_v one_o piece_n of_o the_o land_n of_o caiâ—s_n border_v upon_o his_o own_o have_v former_o beat_v the_o price_n at_o their_o next_o meeting_n ask_v will_v you_o sell_v i_o your_o land_n at_o the_o price_n you_o set_v upon_o it_o i_o will_v though_o no_o peculiar_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o that_o piece_n which_o border_v upon_o titius_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o forego_n discourse_n that_o the_o same_o be_v peculiar_o understand_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n fair_o and_o in_o that_o sense_n upon_o which_o without_o elusion_n it_o be_v manifest_v the_o contractor_n be_v agree_v and_o he_o who_o bargain_v to_o deliver_v a_o hundred_o weather_n have_v not_o make_v good_a his_o agreement_n till_o he_o deliver_v six_o score_n sect_n iii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n where_o the_o word_n according_a to_o their_o common_a signification_n be_v clear_a enough_o but_o the_o party_n swear_v have_v no_o will_n to_o oblige_v himself_o in_o that_o sense_n intend_v another_o whereof_o the_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o ambiguity_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a and_o industrious_o
common_a speech_n to_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o a_o former_a oath_n lawful_o take_v three_o who_o compel_v another_o to_o swear_v unto_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n to_o wit_n against_o his_o duty_n to_o god_n to_o his_o superior_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o a_o good_a life_n four_o who_o offer_v a_o oath_n of_o ambiguous_a sense_n or_o any_o way_n captious_a thereby_o to_o ensnare_v the_o conscience_n life_n liberty_n or_o fortune_n of_o his_o neighbour_n five_o who_o without_o necessity_n either_o terrify_v any_o person_n by_o threaten_n compel_v he_o by_o authority_n or_o inveigle_v he_o by_o persuasion_n example_n deceit_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o a_o oath_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v against_o the_o conscience_n of_o that_o person_n will_v to_o god_n all_o such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n will_v serious_o consider_v with_o what_o a_o foul_a and_o indelible_a brand_n jeroboam_n the_o son_n of_o nebat_fw-la have_v stigmatise_v his_o name_n and_o conscience_n in_o cause_v the_o people_n of_o israel_n to_o sin_n and_o how_o grievous_o they_o provoke_v the_o lord_n to_o wrath_n who_o abuse_v the_o power_n he_o have_v give_v they_o for_o the_o edification_n unto_o the_o destruction_n of_o other_o sect_n fourteen_o the_o five_o conclusion_n a_o oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o reluct_v and_o unsatisfy_a conscience_n the_o first_o proof_n because_o that_o which_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n the_o second_o because_o we_o ought_v to_o swear_v in_o judgement_n which_o certain_o he_o do_v not_o who_o go_v against_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o conscience_n the_o three_o because_o such_o a_o action_n must_v needs_o be_v occasion_v by_o regard_n have_v unto_o some_o temporal_a advantage_n or_o fear_v of_o some_o loss_n or_o hope_v of_o some_o profit_n or_o desire_v to_o obtain_v favour_n or_o the_o like_a and_o how_o ill_o do_v it_o become_v a_o christian_n to_o prefer_v the_o world_n before_o god_n dirt_n before_o heaven_n the_o body_n before_o the_o soul_n temporal_a gain_n before_o eternal_a joy_n the_o folly_n of_o this_o before_o the_o hope_n of_o eternal_a life_n external_a peace_n before_o the_o quiet_a of_o conscience_n the_o four_o because_o the_o party_n so_o swear_v evident_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n for_o he_o who_o through_o fear_n or_o hope_v of_o any_o temporal_a loss_n or_o gain_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o swear_v will_v hardly_o if_o the_o like_a fear_n or_o hope_v dissuade_v be_v induce_v to_o perform_v his_o oath_n and_o yet_o heathen_n themselves_o have_v number_v perjury_n among_o the_o most_o heinous_a crime_n which_o kindle_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o immortal_a god_n not_o against_o the_o guilty_a only_o and_o their_o posterity_n but_o even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o whole_a nation_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v we_o acknowledge_v the_o only_a true_a god_n who_o have_v solemn_o profess_v that_o he_o will_v not_o hold_v he_o guiltless_a that_o take_v his_o name_n in_o vain_a to_o fear_v and_o tremble_v lest_o while_o we_o behold_v on_o every_o side_n the_o plentiful_a and_o luxurious_a crop_n of_o oath_n and_o perjury_n grow_v already_o ripe_a for_o the_o harvest_n god_n the_o most_o just_a judge_n to_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o so_o perfidious_a and_o profane_a a_o generation_n shall_v instant_o thrust_v in_o the_o sharp_a sickle_n of_o his_o judgement_n we_o have_v already_o be_v sensible_a that_o our_o most_o merciful_a father_n be_v provoke_v unto_o wrath_n and_o his_o infinite_a patience_n wound_v and_o as_o i_o may_v say_v overcome_v with_o our_o intolerable_a wickedness_n convert_v into_o fury_n where_o all_o be_v extreme_a it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o say_v for_o what_o particular_a crime_n yet_o certain_o he_o who_o serious_o consider_v how_o far_o we_o have_v be_v since_o god_n have_v smite_v we_o with_o a_o more_o heavy_a hand_n from_o bewail_v those_o most_o grievous_a sin_n of_o oath_n and_o perjury_n nay_o rather_o how_o vast_o they_o be_v increase_v here_o through_o the_o uncontrolled_a and_o unpunished_a licentiousness_n of_o oath_n and_o blasphemy_n there_o through_o the_o foul_a hypocrisy_n of_o perjury_n hide_v under_o the_o specious_a pretence_n of_o religion_n can_v choose_v but_o think_v upon_o those_o word_n of_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n through_o oath_n the_o land_n mourn_v wherefore_o man_n father_n and_o brethren_n i_o beseech_v you_o as_o many_o as_o be_v here_o present_a and_o all_o wherever_o they_o be_v who_o wish_v well_o unto_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o this_o church_n and_o kingdom_n or_o to_o the_o private_a of_o their_o own_o soul_n and_o conscience_n that_o we_o take_v most_o diligent_a heed_n lest_o we_o fall_v into_o contempt_n of_o god_n most_o holy_a name_n and_o violation_n of_o our_o own_o faith_n that_o we_o fly_v all_o unnecessary_a oath_n constant_o refuse_v those_o which_o be_v unlawful_o requiâ—ed_v faithful_o perform_v those_o which_o we_o have_v lawful_o take_v as_o far_o as_o be_v in_o our_o power_n courageous_o restrain_v the_o licentiousness_n of_o sin_n in_o oath_n and_o continual_o implore_v our_o great_a and_o good_a god_n that_o he_o will_v give_v we_o be_v teach_v by_o his_o correction_n and_o humble_v under_o his_o most_o powerful_a hand_n heart_n to_o fly_v unto_o his_o mercy_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o justice_n to_o implore_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o all_o our_o sin_n amendment_n of_o our_o life_n and_o salvation_n of_o our_o soul_n by_o and_o through_o the_o merit_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n to_o who_o with_o the_o father_n and_o the_o holy_a spirit_n three_o person_n and_o one_o god_n be_v the_o kingdom_n the_o power_n and_o the_o glory_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o amen_n amen_n finis_fw-la a_o exact_a and_o large_a table_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n the_o number_n denote_v the_o page_n abraham_n league_n with_o abimelech_n 163_o accessary_n extinct_a by_o the_o principal_a cease_n 249_o act_n of_o a_o oath_n imply_v reverence_n of_o the_o divine_a name_n 8_o advisement_n to_o be_v take_v before_o one_o swear_v 206_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v duty_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la 30_o any_o man_n may_v recede_v from_o his_o own_o right_n 252_o asseveration_n attestation_n and_o oath_n differ_v 164_o assuerusâ—is_n â—is_z oath_n to_o esther_n 96_o b._n bond_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v indispensable_a 234._o 247_o by_o my_o faith_n and_o by_o my_o truth_n be_v oath_n 167._o 175_o c._n child_n oath_n 109_o christ_n general_o forbid_v unnecessary_a oath_n 171_o commutation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v unlawful_a 242._o confirmation_n the_o true_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n 13_o conscience_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o fear_v of_o punishment_n 27_o cydias_n his_o oath_n 240_o d._n david_n oath_n touch_v nabal_n 19_o debt_n twofold_a 25_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n dictate_v of_o conscience_n bind_v we_o not_o to_o act_v against_o it_o 84_o difference_n between_o a_o oath_n and_o a_o vow_n 10._o between_o a_o oath_n and_o a_o assertion_n ibid._n in_o doubtful_a matter_n the_o safe_a part_n be_v to_o be_v take_v 53_o doubt_v of_o a_o oath_n 223_o drunken_a man_n oath_n 111._o it_o be_v unfit_a for_o they_o to_o swear_v 112_o duty_n of_o subject_n perpetual_o obligatory_a 246_o e._n efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n twofold_a 105_o egyptian_n oath_n 157._o 170_o enrage_v man_n oath_n 111._o it_o be_v unfit_a for_o they_o to_o swear_v 112_o error_n in_o the_o substance_n make_v the_o oath_n invalid_a 134_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o nature_n bind_v 30_o evil_n can_v receive_v no_o validity_n from_o a_o oath_n 76_o exception_n and_o condition_n to_o be_v prefumed_a in_o oath_n 54_o excessive_a curiosity_n of_o method_n to_o be_v avoid_v 65_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o a_o oath_n 215_o f._n faith_n and_o justice_n firm_a bond_n of_o humane_a society_n 14._o final_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n 16._o 218_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n of_o a_o oath_n 216_o force_n of_o word_n 167_o form_n of_o oath_n 149_o form_n of_o word_n 165_o g._n god_n swear_v 21_o god_n chief_o call_v for_o a_o witness_n in_o all_o oath_n 8._o especial_o in_o true_a and_o formal_a oath_n 9_o god_n be_v invocate_v in_o all_o oath_n 10_o god_n not_o to_o be_v invocate_v as_o witness_v but_o in_o doubt_n worthy_a his_o vindication_n 93_o h._n hannibal_n oath_n 108_o habit_n of_o swear_v 220_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n sâ—earing_v how_o far_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n 126_o herod_n oath_n 4._o 19_o 97_o he_o that_o swear_v by_o idol_n swear_v by_o they_o he_o think_v to_o be_v go_n 9_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v oâ—â—o_o 163_o i._n jacob_n covenant_n with_o laban_n 163_o jesuit_n defend_v aequivocation_n 194_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 60._o thing_n may_v be_v impossible_a three_o way_n ibid._n