which_o more_o in_o due_a place_n present_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o all_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n whether_o they_o relate_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n or_o whether_o to_o cause_n civil_a or_o criminal_a when_o they_o have_v determine_v they_o they_o communicate_v their_o judgement_n to_o the_o king_n in_o a_o very_a short_a extract_n who_o either_o ratisy_n or_o cancelâ—…_n they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o then_o overlooking_a the_o memorial_n at_o large_a himself_o gives_z his_o own_o decision_n as_o he_o think_v the_o cause_n deserve_v they_o that_o compose_v the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v assistant_n and_o assessor_n to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a and_o much_o dread_v and_o respect_v they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o be_v many_o time_n prefer_v to_o be_v counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n viceroy_n of_o province_n and_o to_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n their_o usual_a title_n be_v ta_o hion_n sum_o or_o the_o learned_a in_o great_a knowledge_n this_o title_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n also_o conser_n other_o very_a honourable_a title_n upon_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o classe_n according_a to_o their_o desert_n as_o tai_n cu_z tai_n or_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o prince_n heir_n of_o the_o crown_n tai_n cu_z tai_n su_fw-es grand_fw-fr master_n to_o the_o same_o prince_n ho_o tien_n ta_o trion_n su_fw-es chief_z letter_v of_o the_o hall_n of_o concord_n and_o the_o like_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v chum_n xu_o co_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o classis_fw-la or_o school_n of_o the_o mandarin_n their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o write_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v write_v out_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o the_o king_n give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o place_n and_o hall_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o function_n they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o order_n of_o tho_o mandarin_n but_o they_o be_v much_o more_o dread_a than_o those_o of_o the_o two_o precede_a classe_n for_o that_o upon_o they_o sole_o it_o be_v that_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a success_n of_o affair_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v for_o that_o by_o alter_v add_v or_o leave_v out_o a_o letter_n they_o may_v cause_v either_o the_o gain_n or_o lose_v of_o a_o suit._n insomuch_o that_o many_o time_n through_o their_o wilful_a mistake_n the_o most_o innocent_a lose_v their_o estate_n their_o reputation_n and_o their_o life_n so_o great_a a_o power_n have_v corruption_n and_o avarice_n over_o that_o nation_n and_o such_o a_o energy_n of_o expression_n and_o nicety_n of_o equivocal_a interpretation_n lie_v in_o the_o chinese_n letter_n moreover_o beside_o these_o three_o classe_n there_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o scrivener_n proctor_n reuâ—…sers_n and_o other_o officer_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n beside_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n there_o be_v yet_o eleven_o chief_a tribunal_n more_o between_o which_o the_o king_n of_o china_n two_o thousand_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n share_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o present_a day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v six_o of_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o they_o call_v lo_o pu_o and_o five_o of_o military_a mandarin_n that_o be_v call_v ù_fw-mi fu_fw-mi and_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o first_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v power_n to_o confer_v or_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o employment_n the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o superintendence_n over_o all_o the_o imposition_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o third_n li_n pu_o have_v the_o management_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o four_o pim_n pu_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o arm_n captain_n and_o soldier_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o five_o he_o pu_fw-fr take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o crime_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o offender_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o cum_fw-la pu_fw-fr have_v the_o oversee_n of_o all_o the_o king_n work_n and_o building_n these_o six_o tribunal_n have_v a_o jurisdiction_n over_o almost_o all_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n but_o be_v absolute_a over_o all_o in_o the_o province_n by_o who_o they_o be_v dread_v and_o obey_v though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v under_o their_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_v their_o power_n be_v so_o large_a and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n for_o fear_v lest_o any_o one_o among_o they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o lie_v hold_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o revolt_v their_o employment_n be_v regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o tribunal_n that_o can_v determine_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v without_o the_o interposition_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o see_v every_o day_n and_o have_v find_v true_a by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o persecution_n during_o which_o we_o be_v send_v to_o all_o these_o tribunal_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o several_a circumstance_n in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n there_o be_v always_o a_o hall_n and_o a_o apartment_n for_o one_o mandarin_n call_v co_n li_n or_o overseer_n who_o examine_v either_o public_o or_o private_o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o his_o tribunal_n and_o if_o he_o find_v any_o disorder_n or_o any_o injustice_n he_o present_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o king._n which_o mandarin_n be_v neither_o subject_n nor_o superior_a to_o his_o tribunal_n but_o only_o a_o overseer_n or_o controller_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o chief_a precedent_n of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o be_v call_v xam_n xu_o for_o example_n li_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o that_o be_v chief_z precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n hâ—…_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o chief_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n every_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v tso_n xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o other_o you_o xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n all_o these_o three_o precedent_n have_v several_a other_o title_n beside_o for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v ta_o tamburlaine_n the_o great_a or_o first_o hall_n the_o second_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v plant_v according_a to_o their_o rank_n close_o by_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n in_o large_a magnificent_a square_a structure_n the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v every_o way_n a_o musket_n shoot_v and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n these_o structure_n have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o door_n court_n and_o apartment_n the_o first_o precedent_n possess_v that_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o street_n with_o a_o portal_n that_o have_v three_o door_n and_o run_v along_o through_o other_o door_n portal_n and_o court_n beautify_v with_o portico_n and_o gallery_n support_v by_o fair_a pillar_n till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o spacious_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n sit_v with_o his_o assessor_n and_o many_o other_o mandarin_n who_o have_v their_o particular_a title_n but_o be_v general_o call_v mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall._n beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v another_o court_n and_o beyond_o that_o another_o lesser_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n withdraw_v with_o his_o assessor_n when_o he_o be_v to_o examine_v any_o private_a business_n or_o any_o affair_n of_o extraordinary_a moment_n on_o both_o side_n and_o beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v several_a chamber_n and_o other_o hall_n the_o chamber_n be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o precedent_n his_o assessor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o take_v their_o repose_n and_o to_o eat_v their_o meat_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o go_v to_o their_o own_o
establish_a and_o confirm_v they_o share_v their_o employment_n and_o regulate_v their_o function_n with_o so_o much_o prudence_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o which_o be_v so_o absolute_a in_o the_o affair_n which_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o they_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o example_n the_o first_o precedent_n of_o the_o four_o tribunal_n which_o be_v that_o of_o war_n have_v it_o a_o independent_a authority_n have_v a_o easy_a opportunity_n to_o rebel_v because_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o their_o disposal_n but_o they_o want_v money_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v the_o king_n leave_n and_o order_n to_o require_v it_o from_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o pioner_n bark_n boat_n wagon_n tent_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o the_o six_o tribunal_n to_o which_o the_o four_o must_v address_v themselves_o beside_o that_o the_o horse_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o a_o petty_a separate_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o military_a mandarin_n make_v five_o tribunal_n which_o be_v call_v u_o furio_n or_o five_o cass_n their_o palace_n be_v place_v westward_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o palace_n royal_a and_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n the_o first_o be_v call_v heu_fw-la furio_n or_o the_o rereguard_n the_o second_o tso_n su_n or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o furio_n or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n furio_n or_o the_o main_a battle_n and_o the_o five_o lien_n furio_n or_o the_o vanguard_n the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v govern_v by_o fifteen_o great_a lord_n as_o marquess_n count_n etc._n etc._n three_o in_o each_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v precedent_n and_o the_o other_o two_o his_o assessor_n they_o be_v all_o fifteen_o of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o that_o order_n and_o the_o assessor_n of_o the_o second_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o court_n be_v under_o their_o care_n these_o five_o tribunal_n have_v one_o superior_a tribunal_n above_o they_o which_o be_v call_v ium_o chim_z fu_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o war_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v always_o one_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o tribunal_n extend_v itself_o over_o all_o these_o five_o tribunal_n and_o over_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o prevent_v their_o abuse_n so_o large_a a_o power_n they_o be_v curb_v by_o a_o assessor_n set_v over_o they_o who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o learning_n with_o the_o title_n of_o supreme_a regent_n of_o arm_n and_o two_o royal_a controller_n who_o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n and_o be_v much_o more_o high_o honour_v and_o esteem_v nevertheless_o they_o have_v much_o more_o reputation_n than_o real_a power_n in_o regard_n the_o execution_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n call_v pim_n pu_fw-fr it_o may_v be_v object_v perhaps_o that_o these_o five_o tribunal_n be_v superfluous_a because_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o six_o superior_a court_n but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v at_o court_n at_o that_o time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o lord_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hium_fw-la chin_n or_o vassal_n of_o great_a merit_n who_o ancestor_n have_v assist_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a race_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n beside_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o passion_n so_o prevail_v over_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o violent_a ambition_n of_o rule_n and_o command_n as_o be_v that_o wherein_o they_o place_v all_o their_o chief_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n which_o a_o mandarin_n make_v to_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n for_o that_o same_o father_n discourse_v of_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o of_o that_o eternal_a felicity_n which_o they_o who_o embrace_v it_o enjoy_v hereafter_o come_v come_v say_v the_o mandarin_n hold_v your_o tongue_n and_o lay_v aside_o these_o idle_a conceit_n your_o great_a glory_n and_o happiness_n as_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v to_o abide_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o this_o court._n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n all_o my_o glory_n and_o happiness_n consist_v in_o this_o same_o girdle_n and_o habit_n of_o a_o mandarin_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v nothing_o but_o fable_n and_o word_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v away_o mere_a story_n of_o thing_n invisible_a or_o rather_o never_o to_o be_v see_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v to_o command_v other_o gold_n and_o silver_n wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o multitude_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n these_o be_v visible_a noble_a house_n great_a wealth_n banquet_n divertisement_n these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o word_n estate_n honour_n and_o glory_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o be_v a_o mandarin_n this_o be_v all_o the_o felicity_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o enjoy_v in_o this_o large_a empire_n and_o not_o your_o vain_a felicity_n which_o be_v as_o unprofitable_a as_o it_o be_v invisible_a and_o impossible_a to_o obtain_v these_o be_v the_o carnal_a sentiment_n of_o man_n no_o less_o blind_a than_o proud_a and_o haughty_a which_o be_v so_o the_o king_n who_o understand_v the_o humour_n of_o that_o nation_n especial_o of_o the_o grandee_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n be_v think_v themselves_o of_o these_o tribunal_n which_o they_o erect_v and_o regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o satisfy_v their_o ambition_n with_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o their_o office_n and_o prevent_v they_o from_o do_v mischief_n by_o the_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o have_v allow_v they_o now_o as_o there_o be_v some_o mandarin_n who_o be_v not_o of_o any_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v call_v vi_o jo_o lieu_n or_o man_n not_o settle_v there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v call_v vu_z pin_n or_o such_o for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o degree_n high_a enough_o or_o such_o who_o merit_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v above_o all_o order_n and_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o petty_a king_n duke_n marquess_n &c._n &c._n which_o govern_v the_o two_o tribunal_n of_o arms._n but_o though_o they_o be_v honour_v with_o title_n and_o some_o small_a authority_n which_o they_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o mandarin_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n and_o marquess_n which_o their_o great_a service_n have_v purchase_v be_v far_o more_o value_v and_o esteem_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o eleven_o superior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n we_o shall_v now_o brief_o give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o other_o tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o whole_a empire_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n at_o pekim_n the_o licentiate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v kiu_fw-mi gin_fw-mi or_o man_n famous_a for_o learning_n meet_v together_o every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o court_n at_o pekim_n and_o be_v there_o examine_v for_o thirteen_o day_n together_o a_o month_n after_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n be_v give_v to_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o six_o who_o have_v display_v the_o most_o pregnant_a of_o part_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o their_o composition_n out_o of_o these_o young_a doctor_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o young_a and_o most_o ingenious_a and_o prefer_v they_o to_o a_o tribunal_n call_v han_n len_n ve_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o garden_n or_o wood_n flourish_v in_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n this_o tribunal_n contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o mandarin_n all_o very_a learned_a and_o the_o most_o sprightly_a wit_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o class_n and_o compose_v five_o tribunal_n with_o the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a but_o only_o give_v a_o general_a account_n of_o their_o function_n they_o be_v tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n who_o they_o instruct_v in_o virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n by_o degree_n also_o as_o he_o grow_v in_o year_n they_o teach_v he_o the_o true_a art_n of_o govern_v and_o the_o method_n of_o good_a conduct_n they_o set_v down_o all_o the_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o happen_v either_o at_o court_n or_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o which_o most_o deserve_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o posterity_n they_o compile_v the_o general_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v always_o at_o
have_v they_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o shall_v have_v several_a heir_n male_n which_o custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o people_n for_o in_o china_n to_o marry_v a_o daughter_n be_v to_o exclude_v she_o for_o ever_o from_o her_o father_n family_n and_o graft_v she_o into_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n who_o sir_n name_v she_o assume_v at_o the_o same_o time_n instead_o of_o her_o own_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o will_v say_v that_o a_o maid_n be_v ally_v to_o the_o family_n of_o her_o husband_n never_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n kin_n to_o go_v but_o of_o the_o word_n quei_z to_o return_v asmuch_o as_n to_o say_v she_o be_v not_o go_v but_o be_v return_v to_o her_o family_n thus_o they_o explain_v themselves_o also_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o dead_a for_o they_o do_v not_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v dead_a but_o such_o a_o one_o be_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o a_o grandfather_n speak_v of_o the_o child_n of_o his_o son_n he_o call_v they_o bare_o sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n but_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o daughter_n child_n he_o call_v they_o vai_n sun_n su_n my_o grand_a child_n without_o for_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o son_n in_o law_n family_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n by_o the_o female_a side_n be_v the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n of_o the_o queen_n the_o king_n son_n in_o law_n their_o father_n brother_n uncle_n and_o other_o kindred_n out_o of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o king_n make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a to_o compose_v this_o tribunal_n and_o to_o act_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n they_o differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a be_v of_o none_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o former_a be_v mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n though_o they_o esteem_v much_o more_o honourable_a the_o title_n of_o hoam_n cin_n and_o furio_n ma_n or_o the_o king_n kindred_n than_o that_o of_o mandarin_n though_o of_o the_o first_o order_n but_o this_o second_o sort_n of_o kindred_n be_v also_o extirpate_v by_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o precede_a family_n thus_o far_o concern_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o court._n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n note_n upon_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n he_o cause_v a_o choice_n to_o be_v make_v at_o pe_n kim_n of_o several_a young_a gentleman_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o author_n only_o 221._o speak_v of_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o the_o tartar_a emperor_n have_v alter_v this_o custom_n and_o never_o marry_v their_o daughter_n but_o to_o king_n prince_n or_o great_a lord_n as_o our_o author_n himself_o acknowledge_v a_o little_a low_o chap._n xv._n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n there_o belong_v a_o supreme_a tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o precedent_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o tu_fw-la tam_fw-la kiun_n muen_n tu_fw-la yuen_v siun_z furio_n with_o several_a other_o name_n which_o all_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n or_o viceroy_n with_o we_o these_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n according_a as_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o regulate_v they_o when_o he_o send_v they_o into_o the_o province_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o whole_a government_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o war_n and_o with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o people_n and_o soldier_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o criminal_a matter_n they_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o importance_n on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o king_n order_n and_o dispatch_n with_o those_o of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v direct_v to_o this_o tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v to_o this_o tribunal_n in_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n there_o be_v other_o viceroy_n that_o govern_v two_o three_o or_o four_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tsum_n to_o as_o leam_fw-la quam_fw-la tsum_fw-la to_o or_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o quam_fw-la si._n quam_fw-la tum_o signify_v the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la the_o province_n extend_v towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v other_o such_o like_a viceroy_n in_o china_n as_o in_o the_o province_n border_v upon_o tartary_n and_o other_o place_n of_o importance_n and_o beside_o the_o viceroy_n there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n a_o visitor_n call_v ngan_n tai_n or_o ngan_n yuen_v of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v former_o last_o there_o be_v a_o three_o considerable_a officer_n call_v tsum_fw-la pim_fw-la who_o command_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o order_n of_o mandarin_n these_o three_o supreme_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n have_v under_o they_o several_a inferior_a mandarin_n who_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n and_o though_o these_o three_o tribunal_n general_a have_v their_o palace_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v not_o always_o resident_a there_o but_o keep_v their_o circuit_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o business_n require_v but_o for_o the_o particular_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n they_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v every_o capital_a city_n have_v two_o tribunal_n in_o which_o proper_o consist_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o province_n the_o one_o for_o civil_a the_o other_o for_o criminal_a affair_n the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_fw-fr chim_z sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n like_o those_o at_o the_o court_n contain_v on_o both_o side_n two_o other_o tribunal_n which_o be_v not_o inferior_a but_o assistant_n to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n that_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o be_v call_v tsan_n chim_z have_v two_o precedent_n both_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o three_o order_n the_o other_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v tsan_n y_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v both_o equal_a and_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o four_o order_n to_o all_o these_o three_o tribunal_n belong_v a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v xeu_n lie_v quen_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o decide_v all_o civil_a matter_n and_o to_o pay_v and_o receive_v all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n the_o criminal_a tribunal_n be_v call_v nghan_n i_o sum_o and_o the_o precedent_n who_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n have_v no_o assessor_n but_o two_o class_n of_o mandarin_n under_o he_o those_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o sum_o be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n they_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la who_o be_v call_v cien_n sum_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o class_n be_v call_v tao_n li_n or_o tao_n tusâ—…_n these_o tao_n li_n be_v the_o visiter_n of_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o they_o have_v their_o tribunal_n some_o of_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o post_n horse_n the_o royal_a inn_n and_o the_o king_n bark_n so_o far_o as_o their_o jurisdiction_n reach_v and_o be_v call_v you_o chuen_fw-ge tao_fw-mi other_o that_o be_v call_v pim_n pi_fw-la tao_fw-la be_v entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o several_a troop_n and_o company_n of_o the_o province_n other_o to_o drain_v the_o land_n and_o level_v the_o highway_n who_o be_v call_v tun_n tien_n tao_o this_o tribunal_n have_v power_n to_o punish_v criminal_n by_o banishment_n as_o also_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o loâ—…s_n of_o life_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o visitor_n in_o the_o province_n it_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o all_o the_o other_o mandarin_n and_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n when_o business_n require_v their_o information_n in_o a_o word_n these_o two_o tribunal_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v their_o substitute_n every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o district_n and_o to_o every_o district_n belong_v a_o mandarin_n call_v tao_n â—…i_fw-la who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o visitor_n or_o inspeâ—…er_n into_o the_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n of_o the_o officer_n within_o his_o
admit_v the_o least_o thought_n of_o revolt_n to_o slide_v into_o their_o heart_n as_o rather_o to_o be_v the_o bulwark_n and_o fortress_n of_o his_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o nine_o rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la sius_fw-la what_o follow_v be_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o commentatour_n if_o the_o king_n say_v he_o put_v in_o practice_n these_o nine_o rule_n he_o may_v immortallize_v his_o reign_n and_o not_o only_o acquire_v great_a renown_n but_o attain_v the_o end_n for_o which_o heaven_n have_v advance_v he_o to_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n govern_v himself_o well_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o shall_v also_o obtain_v that_o sovereign_a perfection_n and_o universal_a virtue_n of_o golden_a mediocrity_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o crystal_n mirror_n wherein_o his_o subject_n may_v behold_v themselves_o and_o a_o live_a rule_n and_o enliven_v d_o model_n for_o they_o to_o imirate_n if_o he_o esteem_v and_o honour_n man_n of_o learning_n and_o virtue_n with_o equal_a complacency_n they_o will_v discover_v to_o he_o the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o good_a government_n he_o will_v every_o day_n become_v more_o and_o more_o enlighten_v and_o acquire_v prudence_n judgement_n experience_n and_o knowledge_n how_o to_o govern_v himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o he_o will_v find_v himself_o from_o moment_n to_o moment_n less_o uncertain_a and_o less_o entangle_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o affair_n both_o of_o his_o house_n and_o kingdom_n if_o he_o love_v his_o uncle_n brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o kindred_n they_o will_v live_v together_o with_o he_o and_o serve_v he_o with_o concord_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o he_o favour_v and_o cherish_v his_o grandee_n they_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o diligent_a they_o will_v serve_v he_o as_o instrument_n to_o increase_v his_o power_n they_o will_v act_v sincere_o and_o just_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o importance_n in_o a_o word_n they_o will_v be_v a_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n nor_o shall_v he_o ever_o be_v expose_v while_o he_o make_v use_v of_o their_o counsel_n to_o be_v without_o a_o guide_n and_o hazard_v his_o dominion_n by_o the_o rash_a error_n of_o his_o government_n if_o he_o consider_v his_o subject_n as_o his_o own_o member_n they_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o serve_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o entire_a sidelity_n in_o return_n of_o their_o prince_n s_o esteem_n and_o favour_n if_o he_o love_v his_o people_n as_o his_o child_n he_o will_v fill_v their_o heart_n with_o joy_n and_o affection_n while_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prostrate_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n ensâ—…amed_v with_o love_n and_o veneration_n for_o their_o king_n their_o parent_n and_o their_o master_n if_o he_o invite_v to_o his_o court_n artificer_n and_o artist_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o will_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o settle_v or_o improve_v commerce_n agriculture_n and_o all_o such_o trade_n and_o art_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v thus_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v enrich_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o people_n the_o whole_a empire_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o will_v live_v in_o plenty_n and_o enjoy_v a_o abound_a and_o durable_a peace_n if_o he_o be_v courteous_a and_o liberal_a to_o ambassador_n and_o other_o foreigner_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o virtue_n will_v spread_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o distant_a nation_n will_v glory_v to_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n if_o he_o cherish_v in_o his_o bosom_n the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v excite_v they_o to_o all_o the_o heroic_a and_o illustrious_a action_n of_o which_o their_o quality_n and_o nobility_n render_v they_o capable_a and_o all_o with_o a_o respectful_a awe_n and_o ardent_a affection_n for_o their_o prince_n will_v embrace_v virtue_n and_o be_v guard_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o bulwark_n to_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o commentator_n upon_o the_o nine_o rule_n of_o good_a government_n i_o translate_v they_o out_o of_o chinese_n into_o portugueze_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o essay_n man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o their_o sentiment_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o clear_o understand_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinguish_v into_o nine_o order_n and_o every_o order_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o degree_n for_o example_n it_o be_v say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n this_o division_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o only_o the_o particular_a title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o their_o employment_n for_o though_o usual_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o a_o order_n superior_a or_o inferior_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o employment_n nevertheless_o that_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n because_o sometime_o be_v happen_v that_o to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o person_n who_o office_n have_v be_v usual_o enjoy_v by_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n the_o king_n may_v give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o order_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o punish_v a_o person_n who_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a mandarin_n he_o debase_v he_o to_o the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n and_o the_o knowledge_n distinction_n and_o subordination_n of_o these_o order_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a the_o veneration_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o latter_a towards_o the_o former_a be_v so_o great_a and_o last_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n over_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o so_o absolute_a that_o i_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v compare_v with_o it_o among_o all_o the_o search_v i_o have_v make_v into_o any_o of_o our_o government_n whether_o temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o order_n be_v counsellor_n of_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o high_a dignity_n to_o which_o a_o learned_a man_n can_v arrive_v in_o this_o empire_n they_o have_v several_a name_n and_o several_a title_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a annex_v to_o their_o office_n of_o which_o the_o most_o common_a be_v nui_fw-la co_n co_z lao_n caiazzo_n siam_n siam_n cum_fw-la siam_n queen_n yet_o all_o these_o with_o little_a difference_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o assistant_n judge_n lateral_a and_o supreme_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king._n there_o be_v also_o several_a hall_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n magnificent_a as_o well_o for_o their_o architecture_n as_o for_o their_o spaciousness_n and_o furniture_n which_o be_v distinguish_v into_o inferior_a or_o superior_a according_a to_o the_o business_n therein_o transact_v for_o when_o the_o king_n will_v bestow_v any_o great_a favour_n upon_o some_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n he_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o hall_n as_o chum_n chie_a tien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v supreme_a royal_a hall_n of_o the_o middle_a and_o then_o he_o add_v this_o new_a title_n to_o his_o usual_a name_n the_o king_n also_o give_v they_o other_o title_n by_o which_o they_o acquire_v a_o extraordinary_a same_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o merit_v those_o title_n by_o any_o glorious_a action_n as_o que_fw-fr chu_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o pillar_n that_o support_v the_o empire_n of_o these_o counsellor_n there_o be_v no_o determine_a number_n be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o few_o as_o it_o please_v the_o emperor_n who_o choose_v they_o at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o other_o tribunal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v always_o one_o call_v neu_n siam_n who_o be_v their_o precedent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n be_v prime_a minister_n and_o favourite_n the_o tribunal_n of_o these_o counsellor_n as_o it_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n so_o it_o be_v also_o place_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a royal_a hall_n where_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o mandarin_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o and_o here_o we_o must_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o among_o the_o chinese_n the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o place_n of_o honour_n this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v nui_fw-la yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n counsellor_n of_o who_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v these_o be_v to_o view_v examine_v and_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o memorial_n which_o the_o six_o chief_a tribunal_n of_o
or_o the_o palace_n of_o â—…en_n thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o stand_v by_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n for_o so_o we_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n description_n there_o the_o king_n repose_v when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o take_v his_o pleasure_n by_o water_n q._n the_o seven_o palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tiger_n wall_n there_o the_o king_n breed_v up_o wild_a beast_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o go_v to_o see_v they_o himself_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v not_o particular_o set_v down_o by_o our_o author_n i_o have_v place_v it_o in_o that_o part_n which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o spacious_a and_o most_o proper_a between_o the_o two_o wall_n r._n the_o eight_o palace_n call_v the_o mansion_n of_o fortress_n of_o the_o middle_a appoint_v for_o exercise_v the_o eunuch_n the_o situation_n be_v not_o mention_v by_o the_o author_n only_o he_o place_v it_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o six_o s._n the_o first_o temple_n of_o the_o four_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o palace_n it_o be_v call_v tai_n quam_fw-la mim_fw-mi or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a light_n and_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bear-star_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n and_o i_o have_v place_v it_o on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n as_o be_v upon_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n t._n the_o second_o temple_n call_v tai_n cao_o tien_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o sovereign_a emperor_n this_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o that_o famous_a deify_v captain_n mention_v in_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n who_o name_n i_o can_v never_o find_v nor_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o death_n i_o have_v place_v the_o temple_n at_o a_o venture_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n because_o our_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o only_o that_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n v._o the_o three_o temple_n call_v macala_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ox_n head_n but_o our_o author_n do_v not_o precise_o mark_v down_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o x._o the_o four_o temple_n lama_n tien_n the_o palace_n or_o temple_n belong_v to_o the_o lama_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o plane_n as_o our_o author_n place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o rocky_a mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n with_o a_o tower_n at_o the_o top._n y._n twenty_o four_o palace_n for_o the_o mandarin_n high_a steward_n of_o the_o emperor_n household_n i_o have_v place_v they_o on_o the_o east_n side_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n where_o our_o author_n place_n they_o who_o make_v no_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o the_o other_o edifice_n as_o house_n of_o pleasure_n library_n magazine_n office_n stable_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v the_o curious_a more_o desirous_a of_o complete_a description_n and_o more_o perfect_a draught_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n temple_n seat_v in_o pe_n kim_v and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o to_o perform_v public_a duty_n beside_o the_o temple_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o palace_n the_o emperor_n have_v seven_o more_o in_o each_o of_o which_o he_o sacrifice_n once_o a_o year_n five_o in_o the_o new_a city_n and_o two_o in_o the_o old_a one_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n seat_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o compass_n one_o part_n of_o this_o area_n be_v take_v up_o with_o very_a beautiful_a building_n the_o rest_n with_o a_o green_a and_o very_o thick_a grove_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o render_v the_o place_n no_o less_o melancholy_a and_o gloomy_a to_o we_o than_o it_o seem_v devout_a and_o venerable_a to_o the_o insidel_n it_o have_v five_o door_n on_o the_o south_n side_n three_o in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o sacrifice_v and_o two_o of_o each_o side_n always_o open_a for_o admittance_n of_o all_o that_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o separate_a apartment_n six_o of_o which_o be_v hall_n and_o portal_n as_o large_a and_o magnificent_a as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o high_a round_a hall_n which_o represent_v heaven_n support_v by_o fourscore_o and_o two_o column_n the_o whole_a paint_a within_o side_n with_o azure_a and_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnshy_v with_o blue_a in_o this_o temple_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n that_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o for_o the_o victim_n he_o offer_v they_o be_v ox_n hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n great_a preparation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o ceremony_n which_o be_v very_o solemn_a and_o the_o solemnity_n carry_v on_o with_o no_o less_o respect_n and_o humility_n for_o then_o the_o emperor_n lay_v aside_o his_o gold_n his_o precious_a stone_n and_o yellow_a robe_n appear_v only_o decent_o habit_v in_o a_o plain_a of_o vestment_n of_o black_a or_o sky_n colour_n damask_n the_o second_o temple_n be_v call'g_v ti_fw-mi tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o from_o which_o it_o differ_v nothing_o but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o green_a when_o the_o king_n be_v crown_v before_o he_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o go_v to_o this_o temple_n where_o he_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n afterward_o he_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o ploughman_n and_o with_o two_o ox_n with_o guild_a horn_n and_o a_o plough_v varnish_v with_o vermilion_n and_o streak_n of_o gold_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o plough_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o temple_n while_o he_o be_v busy_a at_o his_o labour_n the_o queen_n with_o her_o lady_n in_o another_o part_n dress_v he_o a_o poor_a and_o homely_a dinner_n which_o she_o bring_v he_o and_o which_o they_o eat_v together_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n institute_v this_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_v their_o king_n may_v remember_v that_o their_o revenue_n come_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o people_n brow_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o necessary_a expense_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o useless_a building_n exorbitant_a sport_n and_o pleasure_n or_o superfluous_a riot_n to_o the_o north_n of_o these_o two_o temple_n stand_v three_o more_o distant_a two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o from_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n east_n and_o west_n side_n and_o which_o be_v altogether_o like_o the_o two_o former_a that_o on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tan_o or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n he_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o eastern_a temple_n call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n in_o the_o western_a temple_n which_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o before_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o sacrifice_n the_o king_n command_v a_o fast_a for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o pe_n kim_v during_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v either_o flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o be_v the_o tribunal_n especial_o the_o criminal_a to_o do_v any_o business_n which_o somewhat_o resemble_v our_o fast_a of_o ember-week_n i_o ask_v a_o learned_a man_n one_o day_n what_o benefit_n they_o hope_v to_o obtain_v by_o these_o fast_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o how_o they_o dare_v affirm_v that_o their_o king_n nor_o queen_n ever_o sacrifice_v public_o to_o idol_n since_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v all_o inanimate_a body_n that_o no_o way_n merit_v divine_a honour_n and_o sacrifice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n by_o who_o they_o be_v create_v to_o which_o he_o reply_v that_o the_o word_n heaven_n have_v two_o signification_n by_o the_o first_o be_v mean_v the_o material_a heaven_n call_v you_o he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o see_v and_o of_o which_o we_o feel_v the_o
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
a_o hundred_o idle_a story_n of_o this_o dragon_n and_o this_o bridge_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o not_o become_a this_o relation_n this_o palace_n take_v up_o in_o length_n two_o furlong_n of_o china_n or_o half_o a_o italian_a mile_n the_o second_o be_v call_v hien_n yam_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o rise_n sun._n a_o structure_n beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a for_o the_o architecture_n and_o environ_v with_o nine_o very_a high_a tower_n all_o of_o different_a workmanship_n these_o nine_o tower_n signify_v the_o first_o nine_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v very_o great_a holiday_n especial_o the_o nine_o among_o the_o chinese_n they_o marry_v their_o child_n during_o these_o holiday_n and_o among_o the_o several_a dish_n of_o the_o feast_n they_o never_o fail_v of_o one_o which_o represent_v the_o tower_n with_o nine_o story_n every_o one_o of_o which_o answer_v to_o one_o of_o the_o nine_o day_n for_o say_v they_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o include_v within_o itself_o those_o property_n which_o make_v it_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o number_n and_o render_v it_o fortunate_a by_o the_o augmentation_n of_o life_n honour_n and_o riches_n for_o this_o reason_n all_o the_o chineses_n rich_a and_o poor_a get_v up_o that_o day_n upon_o terrace_n and_o tower_n in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o the_o country_n upon_o mountain_n and_o hill_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o dam_n and_o other_o high_a raise_v place_n where_o they_o feast_v with_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o king_n of_o china_n seldom_o go_v out_o of_o their_o palace_n they_o cause_v these_o nine_o tower_n to_o be_v build_v that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o they_o they_o may_v celebrate_v this_o festival_n so_o general_o solemnize_v over_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o three_o palace_n be_v call_v van_n xeu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o life_n now_o you_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o king_n kia_n cim_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o king_n neat_a and_o precious_a begin_v his_o reign_n this_o prince_n maintain_v peace_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o in_o regard_n he_o be_v flexible_a and_o superstitious_a one_o of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n beguile_v his_o credulity_n and_o make_v he_o believe_v that_o he_o will_v so_o order_v it_o that_o he_o shall_v live_v eternal_o or_o at_o least_o for_o several_a age_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o chemistry_n to_o bring_v this_o to_o pass_v he_o advise_v he_o to_o build_v this_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o be_v very_o true_a it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o rest_n but_o what_o it_o want_v in_o bigness_n it_o have_v in_o beauty_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n with_o battlement_n and_o perfect_o round_a all_o the_o hall_n and_o chamber_n a_o so_o be_v round_o hexagon_n or_o octagon_n and_o the_o architecture_n be_v most_o beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a hither_o than_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o distil_v the_o water_n of_o immortality_n but_o his_o toil_n and_o pain_n be_v recompense_v with_o a_o success_n quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n for_o that_o instead_o of_o prolong_v they_o shorten_v his_o life_n for_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o furnace_n have_v dry_v up_o his_o bowel_n he_o fall_v sick_a in_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n after_o and_o die_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v five_o and_o forty_o year_n the_o emperor_n van_n lie_v his_o grandchild_n reign_v eight_o and_o forty_o and_o both_o their_o reign_n be_v remarkable_a as_o well_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n which_o the_o people_n enjoy_v all_o that_o time_n as_o for_o that_o the_o apostle_n of_o the_o indian_n the_o holy_a francis_n xavier_n arrive_v in_o china_n and_o die_v upon_o the_o frontier_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o kia_n cim_o a_o little_a before_o the_o portuguese_n build_v the_o city_n of_o macao_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n van_fw-mi lie_v the_o famous_a father_n matthew_n ricci_n so_o universal_o esteem_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o chivese_n for_o his_o learning_n and_o his_o virtue_n first_o set_v foot_v in_o the_o empire_n the_o four_o be_v call_v cim_o hiu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o perfect_a purity_n and_o be_v build_v upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o moon_n be_v solemnize_v by_o the_o chinese_n with_o great_a feast_n and_o rejoice_v for_o from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o rise_v of_o the_o moon_n till_o midnight_n they_o be_v all_o abroad_o with_o their_o friend_n and_o kindred_n in_o the_o street_n in_o the_o piazza_n in_o their_o garden_n and_o upon_o the_o terrace_n feast_v and_o watch_v to_o see_v the_o hare_n which_o that_o night_n appear_v in_o the_o moon_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o precede_a day_n they_o send_v to_o one_o another_o present_n of_o little_a loaf_n and_o sugar-cake_n which_o they_o call_v you_o pim_n or_o moon-cake_n they_o be_v round_o but_o the_o big_a which_o be_v about_o two_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n and_o represent_v the_o full_a moon_n have_v every_o one_o a_o hare_n in_o the_o middle_n make_v of_o a_o past_a of_o walnut_n almond_n pine-apple-kernel_n and_o other_o indgredient_n these_o they_o eat_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o rich_a sort_n have_v their_o music_n also_o play_v about_o they_o which_o be_v very_o good_a but_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rude_a noise_n of_o drum_n fife_n and_o basin_n loud_o knock_v upon_o with_o stick_n and_o for_o the_o solemnize_n of_o this_o feast_n it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a king_n erect_v this_o palace_n not_o very_o big_a but_o wonderful_o delightful_a more_o especial_o for_o its_o situation_n upon_o a_o mountain_n make_v by_o hand_n which_o be_v call_v tulh_n xan_n or_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o hare_n our_o european_n perhaps_o will_v laugh_v at_o the_o chinese_n for_o imagine_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v a_o hare_n but_o beside_o that_o among_o we_o the_o people_n be_v no_o less_o fond_a of_o many_o idle_a opinion_n no_o less_o ridiculous_a let_v i_o tell_v our_o european_n that_o the_o chineses_n laugh_v as_o much_o at_o we_o when_o they_o find_v in_o our_o book_n that_o we_o paint_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o humane_a face_n the_o five_o palace_n be_v call_v y_o tai_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o flourish_a tower._n it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o lake_n among_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tree_n which_o afford_v both_o shade_n and_o coolness_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n make_v it_o his_o chief_a residence_n during_o the_o excessive_a heat_n which_o the_o want_n of_o cool_a breeze_n render_v almost_o insupportable_a the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v equal_o subject_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o six_o be_v call_v van_n you_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o king_n to_o repose_v in_o when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o delight_v himself_o by_o water_n in_o his_o pleasure_n boat_n which_o be_v make_v either_o to_o sail_v or_o row_n all_o very_a lovely_a and_o very_o rich_o adorn_v there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v make_v like_o one_o of_o our_o brigandine_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n which_o please_v the_o emperor_n extreme_o and_o wherein_o he_o always_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o behold_v the_o sea_n fight_v which_o be_v many_o time_n represent_v upon_o the_o lake_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o great_a platform_n encompass_v with_o a_o square_a of_o high_a wall_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v a_o beautiful_a palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o tiger_n the_o royal_a hall_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v round_o very_o high_a and_o majestic_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o appear_v two_o cupola_n of_n of_o brass_n guild_v one_o above_o another_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o lance_n the_o one_o very_o large_a the_o other_o less_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o great_a gourd_n which_o together_o with_o the_o roof_n cover_v over_o with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o azure_a and_o embellish_v with_o flower_n grotesco_n bordering_n and_o other_o ornament_n yield_v a_o very_a pleasant_a prospect_n from_o this_o hall_n and_o the_o balcony_n belong_v to_o it_o the_o king_n delight_v himself_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v bread_n in_o the_o enclosure_n as_o tiger_n bear_n leopard_n wolf_n monkey_n of_o several_a sort_n musc-cat_n and_o several_a other_o kind_n and_o with_o
upon_o his_o crown_n mutter_v over_o he_o certain_a prayer_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a manner_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v the_o three_o palace_n or_o temple_n be_v call_v macala_n tien_n for_o tien_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n signify_v a_o royal_a palace_n and_o macala_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o lama_n signify_v the_o head_n of_o a_o ox_n with_o the_o horn_n on_o because_o the_o idol_n which_o be_v worship_v in_o that_o temple_n be_v the_o horn_a head_n of_o a_o ox._n which_o show_v the_o blindness_n of_o man_n who_o the_o chineses_n call_v van_n vo_o chi_fw-mi va_o or_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o van_n vo_o chi_fw-mi tim_n or_o the_o most_o understanding_n of_o all_o creature_n which_o nevertheless_o adore_v the_o work_n of_o his_o own_o hand_n beast_n that_o be_v create_v for_o his_o service_n and_o which_o seem_v more_o incredible_a the_o carcase_n of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o ox._n the_o four_o palace_n be_v call_v lama_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o lama_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v upon_o a_o mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugarloaf_n environ_v with_o rock_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o in_o former_a time_n from_o the_o sea_n side_n though_o far_o remote_a with_o great_a labour_n and_o expense_n these_o rock_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o hole_n and_o hollowness_n occasion_v by_o the_o continual_a dash_v of_o the_o wave_n the_o chinsees_n take_v great_a delight_n to_o behold_v those_o unpolished_a work_n of_o nature_n and_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v as_o to_o counterfeit_v the_o high_a out-juttings_a and_o steep_a and_o rugged_a precipice_n of_o rock_n so_o that_o at_o a_o moderate_a distance_n the_o whole_a seem_v to_o represent_v some_o craggy_a wild_a mountain_n the_o first_o work_n of_o nature_n at_o the_o top_n appear_v a_o round_a tower_n of_o twelve_o story_n well_o proportion_v and_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n round_o about_o the_o upper_a story_n hang_v fifty_o bell_n that_o jangle_n day_n and_o night_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o temple_n which_o be_v large_a and_o magnificent_a be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o descent_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o the_o cloister_n and_o cell_n of_o the_o lama_n extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o east_n and_o west_n the_o idol_n stand_v upon_o a_o altar_n within_o the_o temple_n all_o naked_a and_o in_o a_o filthy_a posture_n like_o the_o roman_a priapus_n neither_o be_v it_o adore_v but_o by_o the_o lama_n and_o the_o western_a tartar_n for_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o chineses_n abhor_v it_o as_o a_o infamous_a and_o obscene_a monster_n the_o decease_a king_n father_n of_o the_o reign_a emperor_n erect_v these_o two_o temple_n for_o reason_n of_o state_n and_o to_o please_v his_o mother_n daughter_n of_o a_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n that_o princess_n be_v great_o devote_v to_o the_o lama_n who_o she_o maintain_v in_o pe_n kim_v at_o vast_a expense_n but_o there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o she_o be_v dead_a those_o abominable_a temple_n will_v be_v shut_v up_o moreover_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o beautiful_a palace_n beside_o which_o serve_v instead_o of_o four_o and_o twenty_o tribunal_n the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n steward_n and_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o the_o other_o tribunal_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o the_o cellar_n office_n treasury_n and_o the_o like_a they_o punish_v or_o reward_v according_a to_o the_o king_n order_n such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o household_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n all_o these_o tribunal_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o eunuch_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v govern_v by_o seventy_o two_o tartar_a lord_n breed_v up_o in_o the_o palace_n three_o of_o these_o belong_v to_o every_o tribunal_n who_o have_v under_o they_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a officer_n all_o employ_v in_o their_o several_a station_n to_o expedite_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o principal_a structure_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n for_o we_o shall_v never_o have_v do_v shall_v we_o undertake_v a_o particular_a description_n of_o all_o those_o other_o place_n and_o building_n which_o be_v therein_o enclose_v as_o the_o house_n of_o pleasure_n the_o library_n the_o magazine_n the_o treasury_n the_o stable_n and_o such_o like_o mean_a edisice_n but_o by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v a_o man_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v what_o far_o remain_v to_o be_v say_v all_o the_o structure_n which_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v be_v cover_v with_o large_a thick_a tile_n varnish_v with_o yellow_a green_a and_o blue_a and_o fasten_v with_o nail_n to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v very_o high_a at_o pe_n kim_v the_o ridge_n which_o always_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n rise_v above_o the_o roof_n about_o the_o height_n of_o a_o lance._n the_o extremity_n be_v terminate_v with_o the_o body_n and_o head_n of_o dragon_n tiger_n lion_n and_o other_o beast_n that_o wind_n about_o and_o extend_v themselves_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ridge_n a_o vast_a variety_n of_o flower_n and_o grotesque-work_n and_o other_o delightful_a ornament_n issue_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o their_o mouth_n and_o ear_n or_o else_o be_v fasten_v to_o their_o horn_n and_o in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o you_o see_v of_o these_o palace_n be_v varnish_v over_o with_o the_o colour_n before_o mention_v you_o will_v think_v at_o a_o distance_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o make_v or_o at_o least_o cover_v with_o pure_a gold_n enamel_v with_o azure_a and_o green_a which_o yield_v a_o most_o delightful_a magnificent_a and_o majestic_a prospect_n note_n upon_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o some_o other_o palace_n and_o certain_a temple_n seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n k._n the_o first_o palace_n seat_v to_o the_o east_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o plane_n and_o as_o f._n couplet_n place_n it_o speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v build_v this_o prince_n be_v call_v y_o sum_n or_o kim_n tum_fw-la and_o his_o brother_n kim_n ti_fw-mi he_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1436._o he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1650._o and_o set_v at_o liberty_n some_o time_n after_o his_o brother_n kim_n ti_fw-mi die_v in_o the_o year_n 1457._o and_o this_o emperor_n reassume_v the_o government_n the_o same_o year_n and_o die_v 1464._o the_o bridge_n which_o our_o author_n describe_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n altogether_o extraordinary_a and_o be_v enough_o of_o itself_o to_o make_v we_o admire_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o chinese_n l._n the_o second_o palace_n seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o be_v the_o six_o that_o immediate_o follow_v it_o be_v call_v hien_n yam_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o rise_n sun._n therein_o be_v solemnize_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n m._n the_o three_o palace_n call_v van_fw-mi xeu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o life_n it_o be_v mark_v near_o the_o lake_n by_o our_o author_n that_o emperor_n kia_n cim_o be_v otherwise_o call_v xi_o sum_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n 1522._o the_o holy_a francis_n xavier_n arrive_v in_o china_n 1522._o and_o die_v in_o the_o island_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge in_fw-ge the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la the_o second_o of_o december_n of_o the_o same_o year_n the_o emperor_n kia_n cim_o or_o xi_o sum_n reign_v till_o 1567._o his_o son_n more_n sum_n or_o lum_n kim_v die_v 1573_o and_o his_o grandchild_n van_n lie_v or_o xin_o come_v die_v in_o the_o year_n 1620._o king_n kia_n cim_o build_v this_o palace_n to_o practice_n chemistry_n and_o get_v the_o balsam_n of_o immortality_n n._n the_o four_o palace_n call_v cim_o hieu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a purity_n i_o have_v place_v it_o upon_o a_o mountain_n conformable_a to_o our_o author_n description_n therein_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v solemnize_v o._n the_o five_o palace_n call_v y_o tai_fw-fr tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o flourish_a tower._n it_o stand_v near_o the_o lake_n among_o the_o tree_n as_o our_o author_n describe_v it_o there_o the_o emperor_n abide_v during_o the_o excessive_a heat_n p._n the_o six_o palace_n van_n you_o tien_n
effect_n as_o we_o do_v also_o of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n but_o the_o second_o signification_n intend_v the_o immaterial_a heaven_n call_v you_o vu_z he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o have_v no_o shape_n or_o figure_n and_o which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o creator_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n this_o be_v the_o heaven_n add_v he_o to_o which_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n address_v their_o sacrifice_n and_o their_o fast_n to_o appease_v his_o wrath_n and_o return_v he_o thanks_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o continual_o they_o receive_v from_o he_o all_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o afterward_o as_o man_n be_v natural_o blockish_a and_o carnal_a mind_v they_o forget_v the_o true_a lord_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o mind_v only_o the_o material_a visible_a heaven_n nevertheless_o say_v he_o when_o the_o king_n sacrifice_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n or_o earth_n the_o sun_n or_o moon_n who_o name_n be_v only_o use_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sacrifice_n and_o the_o season_n he_o do_v not_o sacrifice_v to_o those_o creature_n as_o the_o people_n imagine_v but_o to_o the_o spiritual_a heaven_n the_o six_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o old_a city_n be_v call_v ti_fw-mi vam_fw-la miao_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o all_o the_o past_a king_n this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n with_o many_o apartment_n portal_n court_n and_o hall_n of_o which_o the_o last_o be_v as_o fair_a as_o spacious_a and_o as_o well_o adorn_v as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n there_o you_o behold_v on_o rich_a throne_n the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o china_n good_a and_o bad_a for_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o year_n together_o from_o the_o first_o king_n name_v to_o high_a to_o the_o last_o call_v xum_o chi_fw-mi the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n this_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a street_n of_o the_o city_n which_o street_n be_v fill_v up_o in_o two_o place_n by_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n with_o three_o gate_n high_a raise_v majestic_a and_o worthy_a to_o be_v admire_v all_o people_n that_o pass_v through_o this_o street_n of_o what_o quality_n so_o ever_o alight_v and_o walk_v a_o foot_n when_o they_o come_v to_o these_o arch_n till_o they_o be_v pass_v the_o front_n of_o the_o temple_n here_o the_o king_n perform_v his_o annual_a ceremony_n to_o his_o predecessor_n once_o a_o year_n but_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v observe_v both_o in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o solemnity_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o of_o such_o various_a and_o different_a sort_n that_o we_o shall_v never_o make_v a_o end_n shall_v we_o go_v about_o to_o give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o they_o all_o but_o the_o reader_n may_v make_v a_o easy_a judgement_n of_o their_o splendour_n by_o what_o we_o have_v relate_v the_o seven_o be_v call_v chim_z hoam_v miao_o or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n near_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o west_n side_n the_o king_n never_o sacrifice_n in_o this_o temple_n but_o the_o mandarin_n only_o nevertheless_o this_o ceremony_n be_v account_v among_o the_o royal_a sacrifice_n as_o well_o for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v at_o the_o charge_n as_o because_o that_o he_o be_v the_o man_n who_o name_v the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o sacrifice_v in_o this_o place_n moreover_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v such_o a_o temple_n as_o this_o and_o seat_v as_o this_o be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v dedicate_v to_o the_o tutelary_a angel_n of_o every_o city_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o emperor_n temple_n we_o be_v now_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o his_o retinue_n when_o he_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o palace_n there_o be_v two_o occasion_n that_o carry_v the_o emperor_n abroad_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n the_o first_o when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n or_o to_o take_v the_o air_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o a_o private_a action_n and_o then_o he_o be_v attend_v only_o by_o his_o guard_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o ride_v before_o behind_o or_o on_o each_o side_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n and_o pre-eminency_n this_o train_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o two_o thousand_o man_n all_o on_o horseback_n sumptuous_a in_o their_o habit_n their_o arm_n and_o the_o trappings_o of_o their_o horse_n at_o what_o time_n you_o behold_v nothing_o but_o silk_n and_o embroidery_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n glitter_v with_o precious_a stone_n certain_o if_o a_o man_n do_v but_o consider_v it_o well_o i_o question_v whether_o any_o prince_n upon_o the_o earth_n ever_o appear_v in_o his_o common_a cavalcades_n with_o a_o pomp_n parallel_n to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o court_n when_o the_o emperor_n come_v forth_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n only_o to_o divertise_v himself_o in_o his_o park_n and_o garden_n or_o only_o to_o hunt_v for_o his_o pleasure_n in_o the_o country_n the_o scond_v occasion_n be_v when_o the_o emperor_n come_v forth_o to_o perform_v any_o sacrifice_n or_o any_o public_a duty_n and_o then_o his_o procession_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o appear_v twenty_o four_o man_n with_o large_a drum_n in_o two_o row_n or_o file_n of_o twelve_o a_o piece_n as_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o follow_v second_o twenty_o four_o trumpet_n twelve_o in_o a_o row_n these_o instrument_n be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a wood_n call_v five_o tum_fw-la xu_o high_o value_v by_o the_o chinese_n who_o say_v that_o when_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v desirous_a of_o repose_n she_o perch_v upon_o the_o bough_n of_o this_o tree_n these_o trumpet_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o almost_o a_o hand_n breadth_n diameter_n at_o the_o mouth_n they_o be_v shape_v like_o a_o bell_n adorn_v with_o circle_n of_o gold_n and_o pleas_o accord_v with_o the_o noise_n and_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n three_o twenty_o four_o man_n with_o long_a staff_n twelve_o in_o a_o row_n which_o staff_n be_v seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n in_o length_n varnish_v with_o red_a and_o from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o adorn_v with_o guilt_n foliage_n four_o a_o hundred_o halbardeer_n fifty_o in_o a_o row_n with_o the_o head_n of_o their_o halberd_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n five_o a_o hundred_o man_n carry_v mace_n of_o guilt_n wood_n fifty_o in_o a_o row_n with_o staff_n as_o long_o as_o a_o lance_n six_o two_o royal_a pole_n call_v cassi_n varnish_v with_o red_a intermix_v with_o flower_n and_o gild_a at_o both_o ends._n seven_o four_o hundred_o large_a lantern_n rich_o adorn_v and_o all_o curious_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n eight_o four_o hundred_o flambeaux_fw-fr delicate_o trim_v and_o carve_v and_o make_v of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wood_n that_o give_v a_o great_a light_n that_o last_v long_o nine_o two_o hundred_o lance_n adorn_v below_o the_o steel_n head_n some_o with_o silk_n fringe_n other_o with_o the_o tail_n of_o panther_n wolf_n fox_n or_o other_o beast_n ten_o twenty_o four_o banner_n upon_o which_o be_v paint_v the_o twenty_o four_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o chineses_n divide_v into_o twenty_o four_o part_n whereas_o we_o divide_v it_o into_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o twelve_o leventhly_a fifty_o six_o banner_n wherein_o be_v paint_v fifty_o six_o constellation_n under_o which_o the_o chineses_n comprehend_v the_o whole_a number_n of_o the_o star_n twelve_o two_o large_a flabel_n support_v by_o long_a pole_n gild_a and_o paint_v with_o various_a figure_n of_o the_o sun_n dragon_n bird_n and_o other_o creature_n thirteen_o twenty_o four_o umbrello_n rich_o adorn_v and_o they_o that_o carry_v they_o two_o and_o two_o together_o as_o i_o say_v before_o fourteen_o eight_o sort_n of_o utensil_n for_o the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a use_n and_o occasion_n as_o a_o table_n cloth_n a_o basin_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o ewer_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n with_o several_a other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n fifteenth_o ten_o horse_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n with_o their_o saddle_n and_o bridle_n adorn_v with_o gold_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n sixteenth_o a_o hundred_o lancier_n and_o on_o both_o side_n within_o side_n of_o they_o the_o page_n of_o the_o emperor_n chamber_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o the_o emperor_n himself_o with_o a_o air_n majestic_a and_o grave_a mount_v upon_o a_o lovely_a steed_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o parasol_n or_o umbrello_n beautiful_a and_o costly_a beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o those_o that_o never_o behold_v it_o and_o so_o large_a that_o it_o shade_n both_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o horse_n seventeenth_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o petty_a