true_a scale_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o several_a hint_n of_o this_o line_n of_o number_n i_o will_v here_o show_v a_o few_o more_o chap._n xlvi_o the_o description_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n this_o line_n common_o on_o your_o two_o foot_n rule_n be_v in_o two_o part_n and_o each_o of_o these_o two_o part_n divide_v into_o 9_o unequal_a part_n which_o be_v call_v prime_n or_o integer_n or_o whole_a number_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o figure_n the_o first_o part_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n have_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_o 10_o now_o this_o middle_a one_o which_o i_o call_v 10_o be_v also_o but_o one_o as_o the_o line_n may_v be_v read_v and_o then_o the_o second_o part_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v also_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o now_o this_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v for_o distinction_n call_v the_o second_o part_n and_o then_o each_o of_o those_o integer_n from_o the_o first_o one_o to_o the_o middle_n be_v 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may_v be_v call_v 100_o 200_o 300_o 400_o 500_o by_o this_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o large_a number_n you_o have_v to_o number_n any_o of_o those_o figure_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a denomination_n so_o that_o if_o you_o be_v to_o read_v any_o sum_n from_o one_o to_o 10_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n for_o then_o the_o first_o one_o be_v one_o ten_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v one_o the_o end_v one_o be_v 10_o but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o read_v a_o number_n of_o three_o figure_n as_o any_o be_v under_o 1000_o then_o the_o first_o one_o be_v 10_o the_o middle_a one_o 100_o the_o end_n one_o 1000_o example_n to_o find_v 144_o i_o take_v the_o middle_a one_o for_o the_o 100_o than_o 4_o of_o the_o great_a division_n forward_o for_o 40_o than_o 4_o division_n forward_o still_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n for_o 4_o and_o that_o point_n be_v 144_o which_o may_v also_o be_v call_v fourteen_o and_o 4_o 10_o or_o 1450_o or_o 14500_o then_o must_v the_o middle_a one_o be_v 10000_o and_o 4_o ten_o forward_a 4000_o and_o 5_o ten_o forward_a 500_o this_o point_n want_v but_o five_o small_a division_n of_o the_o long_a point_n which_o be_v 15_o or_o 150_o or_o 1500_o or_o may_v be_v 15000_o according_a as_o your_o sum_n be_v in_o greatness_n example_n to_o find_v the_o point_n 12_o first_o i_o read_v the_o middle_n one_o 10_o than_o 2_o ten_o forward_a for_o 2_o that_o be_v the_o point_n 12_o where_o in_o many_o rule_n there_o be_v a_o brass_n pin_n because_o it_o be_v a_o point_v much_o use_v as_o you_o will_v find_v hereafter_o now_o this_o point_n 12_o be_v also_o 120_o or_o 1200_o for_o the_o first_o one_o be_v one_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v 10_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_o be_v the_o point_n 12_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o you_o read_v this_o point_n 120_o than_o the_o first_o one_o be_v 10_o the_o middle_a one_o 100_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_z 20_o which_o be_v 120_o and_o if_o it_o be_v read_v 1200_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v 1000_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_z 200_o which_o be_v 1200_o etc._n etc._n example_n to_o find_v the_o number_n 1728_o be_v the_o cube-inche_n in_o a_o foot_n of_o timber_n the_o middle_a one_o be_v 1000_o than_o 7_o ten_o forward_a be_v 700_o and_o two_o ten_o of_o they_o forward_o be_v 20_o now_o the_o division_n on_o the_o rule_n do_v not_o show_v the_o 8_o that_o remain_v therefore_o you_o must_v estimate_v the_o place_n for_o 8_o which_o be_v almost_o one_o ten_o more_o so_o have_v find_v that_o place_n it_o be_v the_o point_n which_o be_v for_o 1728_o so_o in_o many_o great_a sum_n you_o must_v estimate_n or_o guess_v at_o the_o unite_v but_o decimal_a sum_n do_v show_v themselves_o more_o plain_o as_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v hereafter_o especial_o when_o they_o end_v with_o a_o cypher_n or_o cipher_n i_o hope_v you_o now_o plain_o see_v the_o use_n in_o read_v or_o number_v any_o sum_n under_o 10000_o and_o that_o you_o see_v also_o that_o this_o be_v a_o decimal_a line_n and_o be_v take_v from_o that_o excellent_a rule_n of_o decimal_n the_o canon_n of_o logarithme_n and_o that_o you_o may_v read_v any_o decimal_a fraction_n as_o one_o ten_o one_o of_o 100_o or_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 2_o 10_o 3_o 10_o 4_o 10_o or_o 15_o 100_o 26_o 100_o 71_o 100_o etc._n etc._n that_o be_v if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v in_o 10_o part_n you_o may_v find_v out_o any_o of_o these_o part_n or_o if_o in_o 100_o part_n you_o may_v find_v out_o any_o part_n from_o one_o to_o 100_o ready_o ex._n if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v 10_o that_o be_v if_o 10_o make_v one_o foot_n yard_n pound_n or_o the_o like_a i_o will_v know_v the_o point_n of_o one_o and_o 5_o 10_o or_o one_o and_o ½_o take_v either_o the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o first_o one_o extend_v the_o compass_n point_n to_o 5_o which_o be_v the_o long_a division_n between_o 1_o and_o 2_o that_o be_v the_o point_n of_o one_o and_o 5_o ten_o or_o one_o and_o a_o half_a example_n if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o find_v the_o point_n of_o 100_o 50_o 100_o or_o 100_o and_o half_a it_o be_v the_o same_o point_n or_o it_o be_v 1000_o and_o a_o half_a example_n if_o it_o be_v to_o find_v the_o point_n of_o 60_o of_o 100_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v the_o 100_o and_o the_o figure_n 6_o in_o the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o figure_n that_o be_v 60_o of_o a_o 100_o or_o 60_o 100_o or_o as_o decimal_a fraction_n common_o be_v write_v 60_o the_o prick_n before_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o decimal_n fraction_n example_n to_o find_v 1560_o take_v the_o middle_a one_o for_o 1000_o and_o five_o ten_o for_o 500_o and_o 6_o ten_o of_o they_o ten_o for_o 60_o which_o be_v the_o point_n 1560_o etc._n etc._n also_o if_o it_o be_v desire_v to_o find_v the_o fraction_n 1560_o of_o 10000_o that_o be_v the_o same_o point_n and_o may_v thus_o be_v write_v 1560_o 10000_o or_o it_o be_v the_o point_n that_o represent_v the_o fraction_n 156_o 1000_o etc._n etc._n be_v perfect_a to_o read_v the_o line_n well_o then_o will_v the_o other_o rule_n be_v easy_a chap._n xlviii_o addition_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n the_o rule_n be_v first_o find_v one_o of_o your_o number_n then_o count_v so_o many_o as_o the_o number_n or_o number_n be_v forward_o that_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o be_v the_o sum._n take_v notice_n that_o your_o sum_n or_o sum_n must_v if_o they_o be_v fraction_n be_v decimal_a fraction_n example_n in_o whole_a number_n 55_o
be_v break_v and_o the_o tree_n old_a cut_v it_o off_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n but_o little_a bough_n close_o 12._o if_o a_o tree_n be_v blast_v in_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a head_n cut_v all_o that_o be_v blast_v or_o dead_a close_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o take_v out_o all_o dead_a bough_n keep_v caterpillar_n from_o the_o head_n of_o young_a tree_n lest_o they_o eat_v off_o the_o leave_n and_o bud_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n 13._o take_v care_n to_o destroy_v mole_n and_o mouse_n by_o trap_n or_o poison_n for_o mole_n will_v make_v hollow_a the_o ground_n and_o much_o harm_n your_o young_a tree_n mouse_n will_v eat_v all_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o body_n in_o hard_a winter_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n but_o mind_v you_o in_o time_n to_o prevent_v they_o 14._o rook_n do_v destroy_v many_o a_o tree_n both_o old_a and_o young_a before_o their_o time_n as_o to_o old_a tree_n by_o pinch_v off_o the_o top_n and_o break_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o young_a tree_n by_o light_v on_o their_o head_n their_o weight_n break_v off_o their_o young_a tender_a shoot_n and_o bud_n cause_n the_o tree_n to_o die_v and_o also_o they_o destroy_v seedling_n where_o they_o breed_v their_o dung_n bring_v forth_o great_a weed_n as_o nettle_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o choke_v the_o young_a seedling_n therefore_o kill_v all_o of_o they_o you_o can_v at_o breeding-time_n by_o shoot_v they_o and_o set_v lime-twips_a on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o young_a tree_n you_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a if_o you_o destroy_v they_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n if_o you_o love_v to_o have_v a_o thrive_a wood_n and_o to_o improve_v it_o for_o your_o best_a advantage_n your_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o let_v it_o stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v for_o the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o under-wood_n the_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v as_o at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n on_o a_o shallow_a ground_n and_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o year_n growth_n on_o your_o deep_a soil_n and_o best_a ground_n for_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n in_o let_v your_o wood_n stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o or_o tree_n in_o wood_n that_o do_v not_o prosper_v first_o when_o you_o let_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n stand_v long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o you_o can_v come_v to_o survey_v your_o timber-tree_n to_o see_v which_o be_v decay_v and_o in_o so_o do_v you_o be_v uncharitable_a to_o your_o country_n no_o good_a commonwealthsman's_a no_o good_a husband_n for_o yourself_o and_o no_o good_a christian_n for_o why_o shall_v any_o reasonable_a man_n let_v his_o tree_n stand_v in_o his_o wood_n or_o elsewhere_o with_o dead_a top_n hollow_a trunk_n limb_n fall_v down_o upon_o other_o and_o spoil_v they_o drop_v upon_o young_a seedling_n under_o it_o and_o kill_v they_o the_o ill_a husband_n while_o many_o of_o his_o neighbour_n want_n such_o timber_n nay_o possible_o he_o himself_o there_o he_o let_v his_o tree_n stand_v which_o be_v former_o worth_a 10_o or_o 5_o l._n a_o tree_n or_o more_o till_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o half_a that_o they_o be_v here_o he_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o money_n more_o than_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v a_o oak_n he_o lose_v the_o bark_n with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o be_v likely_a several_a young_a tree_n may_v have_v be_v if_o that_o have_v be_v take_v down_o in_o time_n i_o know_v that_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o ground_n but_o i_o think_v no_o great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o person_n to_o wear_v a_o garment_n very_o old_a with_o half_a a_o skirt_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o sleeve_n and_o all_o the_o trim_v off_o but_o i_o shall_v never_o pronounce_v such_o judgement_n against_o tree_n have_v ten_o time_n more_o mercy_n such_o as_o be_v thrive_v unless_o they_o stand_v too_o thick_a i_o will_v entreat_v you_o not_o to_o cut_v down_o for_o you_o do_v not_o lose_v so_o much_o by_o suffer_v the_o tree_n that_o be_v decay_v to_o stand_v but_o you_o hinder_v you_o or_o you_o as_o much_o in_o cut_v down_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n there_o be_v too_o many_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o before_o they_o sell_v their_o estate_n will_v many_o time_n fall_v off_o all_o their_o timber_n that_o be_v good_a and_o which_o will_v have_v thrive_v well_o for_o many_o year_n and_o so_o by_o the_o money_n they_o make_v of_o that_o they_o lengthen_v out_o the_o time_n before_o they_o sell_v i_o wish_v that_o my_o vote_n though_o single_a can_v persuade_v those_o man_n that_o be_v resolve_v to_o sell_v such_o timber_n that_o they_o will_v also_o sell_v their_o land_n with_o it_o and_o i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o the_o purchaser_n if_o a_o lover_n of_o timber_n as_o most_o purchaser_n be_v will_v then_o give_v more_o for_o the_o timber_n to_o stand_v by_o at_o least_o 12_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n rather_o than_o have_v another_o man_n to_o buy_v it_o off_o from_o his_o ground_n i_o once_o observe_v a_o ash-tree_n in_o the_o wood-walks_a at_o cashiobury_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o walk_n that_o i_o make_v through_o the_o wood-walks_a to_o hemsteed_o highway_n which_o ash_n i_o measure_v as_o follow_v according_a to_o the_o customary_a way_n of_o measure_v by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n it_o be_v a_o fine_a straight_a tree_n taper_v a_o little_a so_o that_o i_o need_v but_o to_o girth_n it_o in_o one_o place_n it_o girth_v just_a 72_o inch_n and_o be_v 58_o foot_n long_o from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o root_n be_v saw_v off_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o the_o four_o part_n of_o 72_o inch_n be_v 18_o inch_n the_o rule_n be_v as_o 12_o to_o 18_o the_o square_a in_o inches_n so_o be_v 58_o foot_n the_o length_n to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o that_o four_o number_n tell_v you_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n etc._n etc._n extend_v the_o compass_n one_o point_n fix_v in_o 12_o the_o side_n in_o inch_n of_o a_o superficial_a foot_n square_a to_o 18_o inch_n the_o square_a of_o the_o tree_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 58_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o foot_n but_o it_o must_v be_v the_o 58_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o else_o the_o compass_n will_v go_v off_o the_o rull_n and_o then_o turn_v the_o compass_n twice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o last_o movable_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n will_v fall_v upon_o 130_o foot_n and_o something_o above_o a_o half_a but_o that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a a_o man_n can_v read_v well_o how_o much_o it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v above_o half_a a_o foot_n this_o be_v the_o customary_a way_n with_o most_o man_n to_o measure_v tree_n though_o it_o make_v less_o than_o there_o be_v which_o in_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o price_n and_o not_o in_o the_o false_a measure_n but_o i_o will_v here_o show_v you_o how_o to_o work_v both_o the_o customary_a and_o the_o true_a way_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o natural_a arithmetic_n that_o so_o you_o may_v try_v whether_o you_o have_v measure_v right_a by_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n or_o no_o and_o also_o that_o you_o may_v see_v the_o sweet_a agreement_n between_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n and_o first_o to_o work_v it_o by_o the_o customary_a way_n here_o we_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n to_o be_v the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n of_o the_o tree_n though_o erroneous_a and_o measure_v it_o as_o a_o cylinder_n the_o four_o part_n of_o 72_o in._n be_v 18_o in._n which_o multiply_v in_o its_o self_n give_v 324_o the_o superficial_a inch_n of_o one_o end_n then_o 58_o the_o length_n multiply_v by_o 12_o gives_z 696_o inch_n the_o length_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inch_n and_o 696_o inch_n multiply_v by_o 324_o inch_n give_v 225504_o the_o square_a inch_n which_o sum_n divide_v by_o 1728_o the_o square_a inch_n in_o a_o solid_a foot_n give_v 130_o foot_n 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the_o true_a square_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o as_o a_o foursquare_a piece_n of_o timber_n but_o how_o false_a that_o be_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o ensue_a table_n whoever_o be_v please_v to_o try_v will_v find_v that_o there_o may_v be_v four_o slab_n take_v off_o to_o bring_v that_o to_o a_o square_a and_o that_o square_a piece_n then_o will_v be_v near_o equal_a to_o the_o measure_n they_o first_o measure_v the_o piece_n of_o timber_n by_o so_o that_o when_o they_o have_v bring_v their_o piece_n square_a by_o hew_v or_o saw_v they_o then_o have_v the_o measure_n that_o it_o be_v measure_v for_o when_o it_o
inch_n then_o must_v you_o turn_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o lefthand_n and_o because_o this_o rule_n be_v the_o most_o use_v see_v another_o example_n for_o this_o way_n most_o man_n do_v measure_n by_o example_n 5._o a_o board_n ten_o inch_n broad_a and_o 6_o foot_n long_o how_o many_o foot_n be_v there_o in_o that_o board_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12_o the_o standing_z number_n to_o 10_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 6_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o 5_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n for_o as_o 12_o be_v to_o 10_o so_o be_v 6_o to_o 5._o thus_o have_v show_v some_o example_n in_o superficial_a measure_n in_o multiplication_n here_o i_o shall_v show_v a_o few_o example_n in_o solid_a measure_n and_o first_o know_v that_o you_o must_v take_v the_o superficial_a content_n of_o the_o base_a or_o end_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o be_v 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