lamented as being without gall or bitternesse Likewise at this time Lievetenant Hector Monro being also a stout and a valourous Gentleman died of a languishing Ague in Vertenberg being much lamented by his Camerades and friends We reade in the Roman Story That the memory of the dead was ever honourable and precious so that the Romans wore mourning for their dead friends above a yeare And the Athenians had an Order amongst them that all those who dyed bravely in warres their names should be inregistred and set in Chronicle as also frequent mention was ordained to be made of their names and of the exploits done by them in the publique meetings Moreover it was ordained by them to celebrate dayes in their remembrance wherein the youth should be exercised in divers exercises of body called Sepulchres whereby the people might be incouraged to follow Armes for to gaine honour to themselves to the end that disdaining death they might be encouraged to fight for the weale of the publique And Polemarche the Leader for those youths in time of their Exercise was wont to sing Verses and Songs made in praise of those that dyed valourously serving the publique and to incite others to the like magnanimitie The youths did sing them also before the people To conclude then this Observation since GOD hath made me poore by the want of my Friends I finde no other remedie but to inrich my selfe in being content with his will being perswaded as they have gone the way before me I must needs follow and then others by my example must learne to be contented to want me And though I leave them poore they can be rich in God being content For we are neither rich nor poore by what we possesse but by what we desire AN ABRIDGEMENT OF EXERCISE FOR THE Younger Souldier his better Instruction Wherein first we shew a complete Company and then we make twelve Companies to complete a Briggad TO make a complete Company of marching men under Armes there must be one hundred twentie six men in Armes being reckoned to twenty-one Rots each Rot being six men of which two are esteemed as Leaders being a Corporall a Rot-master or Leader and an under Rot-master being the last man of the six in field which also is sometimes a Leader when on occasion his Leader is made to be under Rot-master then in a Company you have twenty-one Leaders being six of them Corporalls and fifteene Rot-masters which to close the fields have allowed twenty-one men called under Rot-masters a Company thus consisting of twenty-one Rots is divided in six Corporall-ships whereof three being Pikemen and three Rot being eighteen men makes a Corporall-ship of Pikes Also there must be to complete this Company three Corporall-ships of Musketiers each Corporall-ship being counted twenty-foure men being foure Rots so that to make up the Company complete there must be nine Rots of Pikemen which have the Right hand and twelve Rots of Musketiers on the left hand being drawne in one Front they make a complete body of a Company without Officers This Company hath allowed them for Officers a Captaine a Lievetenant an Ensigne two Sergeants foure under-Beefeeles being a Captaine of Armes a furer of Colours a furrier and a Muster-schriver as also to serve the Company three Drummers are allowed and fourteen passe-volants with foure muster-youngs are allowed to the Captaine as free men unmustered to make up the complete number of one hundred and fiftie besides the Officers The Company being drawne up complete the Pikes on the Right hand and the Musketiers on the left hand then the Ensigne or his furer with a Drummer and three Rots of Pikes goes to bring out the Colours to be placed in Front of the Company before they march As also the Colours are to be conveyed againe in this manner at all lodging and dislodging The Company marching to Parad or watch with complete Officers the Captaine leads off six Rots of Musketiers his Drumme beating betwixt the second and the third Ranke then followes up after that division the oldest Sergeant leading up the first five Rots of Pikemen the Ensigne leading up the other Division of Pikes his Furer furing his Colours after him and the second Drummer beating betwixt the two Divisions then the Lievetenant leads up the last Division of Musketiers being six Rots also and coming in equall Front with the rest the Captaine making a signe for the Drumme beating they order their Armes the Captaine standing in Front on the Right hand the Ensigne on his left and the Lievetenant on the left hand of both with a Sergeant on each Flancke and the under-Beifells with halfe Pikes stand in the Reare of the Company Twelve Companies thus complete would make up three Squadrons every Squadron of Pikes and Muskets being drawne up severall apart after the former example of the lesse body Pikes and Colours on the right hand and the Musketiers on the left which three Squadrons thus drawne up and complete would make a complete Briggad of Foote to be divided as followes viz. eight Corporall-ships of Musketiers being thirty-two Rots divided in foure Plottons every Plotton being eight in front led off by a Captaine and every Division after him led up by a sufficient Officer till at a haulte all were drawne in even front after this Division should follow the thirty-six Rots of Pikes being twelve Corporall-ships with their Colours a Captaine leading off the first five Rots before the foure Colours should stirre where betwixt the second and third Ranke of the first Division of Pikes the Drummer should beate then the Ensignes should leade off the other Division their Furers with their Colours following them till they drew up in even Front with the first Division of Pikes which ought to be in one Front with the thirty-two Rots of Musketiers that make the right wing of the Briggad keeping their Armes orderly shouldered till they were commanded otherwise and their Sergeants ought to looke unto the Flanks till such time that the whole Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots were drawne up in even Front with the Musketiers after this manner the other Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots also which should make the Battaile of the Briggad ought to march by Divisions being led up in all respects and order after the manner of the former Squadron of Pikes till they were in even Front with the rest then the other thirty-two Rots of Musketiers belonging to that Squadron which are appointed to be the Battaile of the Briggad ought to be led up as the first Division of Musketiers were in all points which ought to draw up at a reasonable distance behinde their owne Squadron of Pikes appointed for the Battaile of the Briggad where their Sergeants on the Flancks ought to looke to their order and not to suffer them to stirre their Armes till they were commanded And after them should march up the last Squadron of Pikes in all respects observing the order of the former
both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatoribus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Instinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander 2 story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleâ—red by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pâ—etty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holâ—ten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Fuâ—eland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for
have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to sight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the â—ight and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed ourselves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particâ—larly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and
admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modâ— though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Centrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an
passe in danger of losing My Colonell in all haste was commanded to march with the halfe of his Regiment to maintaine the passe The Colonell commanded me to have the men in readinesse and to distribute Ammunition amongst the Souldiers which done the Colonell leading on marches towards the passe under mercy of Cannon and musket the Generall meeting us bids aske the souldiers if they went on with courage they shouting for joy cast up their hats rejoycing in their march seeming glad of the occasion The Generall commending their courage and resolution doth blesse them in passing At our ongoing to the passe the enemies cannon played continually on the Colours which were torne with the Cannon Also to my griefe my Camerade Lievetenant Hugh Rosse was the first that felt the smart of the Cannon Bullet being shot in the leg who falling not fainting at his losse did call couragiously go on bravely Camerades and I wish I had a Treene or a woodden leg for your sakes in this instant of time and as I beleeve with one bullet the leg was also shot from David Rosse sonne to Rosse of Gannis The service thus hot both of Canon and musket many were hurt at the ongoing where I received a favourable marke being hurt in the inner side of my right knee with the end of mine owne Partizan being shot off by the Cannon bullet And we drawing neere to the passe The Dutch that were on service being all fled but the Captaine the passe neere lost my Colonell drawes off a plotton of Musketiers of the Right wing being most of them brave young gentlemen of the Colonells owne companie which in all haste with an Officer were directed to maintaine the passe which being hardly pursued sundry worthy young gentlemen did lie on the place in the defence of it and sundry were hurt as Andrew Monro Hector Monro Alexander Tâ—â—lough Arthur Forbesse and divers more of common souldiers By this time the rest of the Colonells division were not idle from service the reliefes going often on and the rest doing service along the passe having a hedge for their shelter The Body of the Pikes standing for two howers in battell under mercy of Cannon and musket so that their suffrings and hurts were greater both amongst Officers and Souldiers than the hurt done to the Musketiers that were on service for few of their Officers escaped unhurt as Ensigne Ennis Ensigne Stewart Ensigne Monro divers also were killed as Andrew Monro Ferwhar Monro and Mâ—rdo Powison was killed with a Cannon In time of this hot service powder being distributing amongst souldiers a whole Barrell was blowne up whereby the Colonell was burnt in the face and many Souldiers spoiled the enemy seeing our powder blowne up presse to force the passage and some comming over Captaine Iohn Monro with a few Musketiers was commanded in a flat Champange to encounter the enemy who forced the enemy to retire so that the passe was cleered againe by Captaine Iohn his valour much to his credit The first division of our Regiment having thus maintained the passe for two howres hot service then comes from the leâ—ger for reliefe of the Colonells division the Lievetenant Colonell with the other division nothing inferiour to the first who falling on fresh with man-like courage the other division falls off to refresh themselves during their Camerades being on service at the very entry the Lievetenant Colonell was hurt Sr. Patrick Mackey and Iohn Forbesse of Tullough both Captaines were hurt Lievetenant Andrew Stewart Ensigne Seaton and Ensigne Gordon were also hurt and many gentlemen and common Souldiers were killed This service continued in this manner from seaven a clocke in the morning till it was past foure in the afternoone first began with the halfe of the Regiment who were relieved by the other halfe which continued till mid-day after that the service not being so hot as before they went on to service by companies one company relieveing another till night that it grew darke and then darkenesse the enemy of valour made â—he service to cease During all this time our Horsemen stoode bravely in Battell under mercy of Cannon and Musket besides the foote attending to second us in case the enemy had set over and forced the passe which once he adventured to do but was suddenly beaten backe all this while the Generall the Duke of Wesmar and both the Armies were witnesses to the manly and brave cariage of this praise worthy Regiment In the evening before night ammunition on both sides growing scarce darkenesse comming on the service begins to beare up by this time there is a Barrell of beere sent us from the Leager the Officers for haste caused to beate out the head of it that every man might come unto it with hat or head peece they flocking about the waggon whereon the Barrell lay the enemies Cannonier gives a voley to their beere which by Gods providence though shot amongst the mid'st of them did no more harme but blew Barrell and beere in the Ayre the neerest misse that I did ever see for many of them were downe to the grounde whereof my brother Captaine Obstell of worthy memory was one At night the service ceast I was sent by the rest of the Officers to the Leager to my Colonell for Orders to learne of the Generall who should relieve us at night My Colonell did go to the Generalls Tent and I with him to have his Excellences resolution who haveing Nobly accepted of the Colonell did praise him and his Regiment requesting him that as the Regiment had done bravely all day in being the instruments under God of his safety and of the Armies he would once more request him that his Regiment might hold out the inch as they had done the span till it was darke and then they should be relieved as he was a Christian And drinkeing to me I returned with a Resolution to my Camerades leaving my Colonell in the Leager And as it grew darke we were relieved by the Duke of Weimar his earnest and diligent intreaty having proved our good friend in urging to take us first off The Generall having resolved to retire from the enemy with the whole Army by reason Ammunition grew scarce and we having deserved best were first brought off getting orders to march in the night to ships The sixt Observation THe wise Ancients said it was the principall thing in all things to looke unto the end but it is the propertie of our Nation to be over wise behinde the hand as we were after the service having lost thereat a great many of our friends we ought to have beene the more circumspect againe But our condition is so that no experience can make us wise till we be soare beaten by others and then we will grow kinde one to another Amongst the Romans none was admitted to the dignity of a Commander till first he had past a prentiship under a brave Generall where he was taught the use
them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokeÌ„ but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning downe his necke and shoulders sheweth the desire he had that his Master should leape on him to the great astonishment of Hanniball and his followers We reade also in the warres of Germanie in the yeare 1176 the Dukes of Saxon forced by Armes to submit themselves to the Emperour Henry the fourth giving the Emperour for pledges of their fidelitie two yong Princes Sonnes to a Marquesse which were carefully kept in a Castle that was very strong the Captaine whereof moved by Compassion and wonne by some presents suffered them sometimes to goe abroad to take the ayre and to ride their Horses thereabout The Captaine going a hunting takes these young youths with him the prey found and hunted shee is followed by all not thinking of any other thing The youths spurring hard out of sight follow their course till they come to the River of the Maine where they request a Fisherman to transport them in his little Cane or Boate to Mentz offering him their little scarlet Cloakes for pay The Fisherman helpes them from their Horses and takes them in his Boate and rowes downe the River their Horses swimming after them to Mentz where they and their Horses were graciously welcomed Plinie writes that Horses wept at their Masters deaths and it is recorded that the Horse of Caesar wept foretelling his Masters death and I perswade my selfe the gentle Reader could adde somewhat to this purpose if he listed but thus â—arre to animate Christians to love respect and cherish their Camerades and not to kill and backbite them as too many are too ready to detract from others to adde to themselves a wrong way for honour is compared well to a chaste Maide that will never love them who would ravish her but being courted shee may be moved Here I must not forget that dutie I owe to the remembrance of that worthy young Gentleman Arthur Forbesse Sonne to a worthy Cavalier of famous memory Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse being a worthy valourous sonne descended of a valiant Father This young Gentleman being deadly wounded on service and with hazard brought unto our Ship within two dayes dyed Likewise a Gentleman borne in the Isles of Scotland called Alexander Mac-Worche being wounded in the head and shot in the arme the enemies Horsemen shooting at him with Pistols he leapes from the shoare with his cloathes on notwithstanding those wounds and swimmes to my Cosen Captaine Monro his Boate and being brought in died the next day and was much lamented for of his Camerades as a Gentleman of great hope I did also observe here the inconvenience that happens to many brave Officers and Souldiers given to plundering gathering together a little bootie for spending which brings them commonly into their enemies hands their punishment being farre more grievous than their purchase was delightfull and yet I thinke the Guilt is worse than the punishment To which purpose I will onely here inferre one Story A Pythagorian bought a paire of shooes upon trust the shooe-maker dyes the Philosopher is glad and thinks them gaine but a while after his Conscience touches him and becomes a perpetuall chider he repaires to the house of the dead casts in his money with these words There take thy due thou livest to me though dead to all besides Certainly in my opinion ill gotten gaines are farre worse than losses with preserved honestie These grieve but once the others are continually grating upon our quiet and he diminishes his owne contentment that would adde unto it by unlawfulnesse for looking onely to the beginning he thinkes not of the end But in my opinion if plundering or making of bootie at any time be excusable for a Souldier it is onely in respect of the circumstances Our friends being forced to quit their Countrey and their goods to their enemies before it should inrich the enemy it were not amisse to take it or destroy it either with fire or water before it were profitable to our enemies and in this point onely I doe allow of this bootie making providing it doe not hinder men from the discharge of their duties in time and place otherwise our best goods being impediments to the discharge of our honest dutie in our calling are to be throwne away And for mine owne part a few bookes left by my friends which mine enemy might have burnt was all the bootie that ever I made neither doe I repent me of my neglect in this point having seene many make bootie who had never the happinesse to enjoy it long His Majesties care in fore-seeing the safetie of Denmarke merits praise for by the preservation of Denmarke his Majestie like a skilfull Gamester recovered againe all that he lost Therefore we ought never to grieve for any thing past but for sinne and for that alwayes And he spake well that said He that hath himselfe hath lost nothing The eight Dutie discharged of our Quartring and Mustring in Fune and of the Colonels going for a Recreute unto Scotland HAving happily arrived in Denmarke at Assens in Funland our Colonell goes a shoare to understand of his Majesties will and command and being graciously welcomed is made to dine at his Majesties Table after dinner his Majestie discharging then the dutie of a Generall Quarter-Master who wrote with his own hand the names of the dorpes ordained for our Quarters as also did appoint a faire Hoffe to receive all our wounded and sicke men where they were to be entertained together till they were cured and to that effect his Majestie graciously ordained skilfull Chirurgians diligently to attend them being an hundred and fiftie besides Officers then we got orders to land the Regiment and to draw up in a convenient part till our sicke and wounded were first directed to quarters and then to appoint our Watch viz. two Companies to watch at Assens then having gotten Waggons for transporting of our Colonels baggage and spare Armes the severall Companies Quarters dealt out the Furriers sent before to divide the Quarters every Company led by their owne guids we marched off severally by Companies as our severall wayes did lie unto our Quarters where we had rest for our former toyle and good entertainment for our spare dyet so that in a short time we were all sufficiently refreshed without feare of an enemy Neverthelesse our Watches were duely and orderly kept and relieved â—y course every second night then Orders were given by the Commissaries
mistake this insurrection of Monro his company for a mutiny It was not neither against their Officers nor yet in prejudice of their Masters service Therefore I would rather terme it a rude ignorance in seeking their due though unformally whereof their Officers had no part and therefore were made free by a Councell of warres but the unthankefulnesse of the Citizens in sparing their meanes from feeding of those that kept them their wives and children from the furious rage of their enemies at such time as they themselves did looke for no safety till they came for to relieve them cannot be well excused but their unthankefulnesse was so much the greater that they err'd against the very lawes of hospitality being in their unthankefulnesse farre inferiour to Beasts For we reade that the Athenians did bring those guilty of unthankefulnesse before the Iustice to be punished and that justly because he that forgets a benefit received without making any satisfaction doth take away humane society without which the world could not subsist and therefore such Citizens as would not acknowledge the good received ought to be banished the City as unthankefull for a man evill in particular cannot be a good member of the publique as many villanous traitors were in this Towne of Trailesound during the Siege that for their particulars would have sold the Towne and the common good to their enemies such fellowes some of them were made slaves being not worthy the name of free Citizens and the Canon lawe makes the ungratefull the most detestable of all men And therefore they were cruelly punished To make then the ingratitude of the Citizens of Trailesound towards Souldiers the more odious I will inferre the Stories of Beasts here to accuse them Elian writes of a Dragon mindfull of the good done to him as these Rogues were not in these termes in his thirteenth booke In Achaia there was a Towne called Petra where a young boy did buy a Dragon very little feeding it diligently making of it playing with it and making it ly in his Bed till it became great and a Dragon in effect thoâ—e of the place fearing some evill by it did cause it to be carried unto a desert the boy becoming a man also and certaine yeares after returning from a feast with some of his Camerads they met with Robbers and crying out for helpe there comes the Dragon running on the Robbers killing some putting the rest to flight saves the life of him that had done him good A memorable acknowledgment to convince those of Trailesound We may joyne to this story the memory of the Lion healed by Androt the Roman slave whose life afterwards the Lyon saved The story is written by Gellius and Elian and also now set out in verse by Dubartas in the sixt day of the first weeke Here also we may see the profit and benifit good order doth bring uno the observers of it though we thought hard not to be suffered to come off our Postes for our ordinary recreation nor yet to sleepe from our Postes we found at last the benefit redounded unto our selves for while as the enemy pursued us hard we were at hand to defend our selves and to maintaine our credits otherwise it had become of us as it became in the Swedens wars in Germany of Magdeburg on the Elve and of Franckeford on the Oder being both lost through negligence and carelesse watch which made much innocent bloud to have bin shed in both And therefore I cannot but praise the worth of my Lievetenant Colonell for his good order and strict discipline kept in Holke his absence being in Denmark at his wedding we being then in greatest danger of our enemies The seventeenth Dutie discharged of the storming of our Poast and of our losses and the enemies THe twenty sixth of Iune 1628 the Duke of Fridland Walenstine Generall to the Emperiall Army having come to visit the beleaguering and finding Felt Marshall Arnehem had line six weekes and not gotten it in the Generall being offended at his coming he did Recognosse the whole Towne and finding our Poast to be the weakest part thereof by reason of the situation and of the insufficiency of the workes the wall not exceeding the hight of a man he resolved to pursue it by storme swearing out of a passion he would take it in in three nights though it were hanging with Iron chaines betwixt the earth and the heavens But forgetting to take God on his side he was disappointed by him who disposeth of all things at his pleasure being the Supreme watch-man himselfe that neither slumbers nor sleepes We having then gotten intelligence of Walenstine his coming we look't the better unto our selves and having in the evening or twilight set out our Pâ—rdues we strengthened all our Poasts and we placed our by-watch in the Ravelin to be in readinesse as also I commanded â—oure score musketiers under the command of Captaine Hay to sit by their Armes and to be in readinesse to supply all defects might happen by a timely succours as they should be commanded likewise I caused to double all centries and so sitting downe to rest us we were passing the time by discourse betwixt ten and eleven a clocke at night when as our centry gives fire and calls us to our Armes at our rising we finde the enemy approaching above a thousand strong with a shoute Sa Sa Sa Sa Sa Sa thus it went on cheerefully and every man to his Station The worst was we had without a halfe moone unfinished where Ensigne Iohnston was with fifty musketiers that were forced to retire under ground one after another at a sorting Port where some were lost before their entry they being entred then begun our souldiers to make service and I give charge to Quarter Mr. Bruntfeild a valorous gentleman with a guard to keepe the enemy from entring at the sorting Port thus the service being hot on all quarters especially Mac-kenyees quarter being next the enemy was hardest prest where I having visited him did send him fifty musketiers of supply and then I did visite Lievetenant Beaton his Poast whom I found both carefull and vigilant in resisting the Enemies entry valiantly with his associats who were two capable Segeants called Embrey and Simpson who were both killed this night Then I did visit the Dutch quarters being betwixt me and the Ravelin which I thought to be in least danger The Cavalier their Captaine being a Beamish gentleman both stout and diligent the most part of his Souldiers the Dutch having left him he was much over-prest with the enemies them also I was forced to supply with fifty musketiers of our Nation under the command of Captaine Hay otherwise the enemy had fallen in betwixt us and the Raveline But this valorous gentleman the Beamish Captaine being killed Captaine Hay by his valour maintained the Poast till the fury of the enemy begun a little to settle In this time for one houre and a halfe the service being
did observe the difference betwixt the King our Master and old Tilly where I did see his Majesty though younger out-shoote the elder in experience who by winning of a Dorpe which was afterwards slighted with the losse of two thousand men over and above the toyle sustained by his Army and the losse of some cannon he lost Francford on the Oder where three thousand were put to the sword in requitall of his cruelty used at Brandenburg The seventh Dutie discharged of our march to Swede and of our reformation there being made into Briggades TIllies Army being marched backe to Rapine the Felt-marshall with his Army did breake up from Freedland with Horse Foote and Artillery towards Swede to joyne with his Majesty continuing our march for three dayes to the passe at Lecknetts where we rested two dayes sundry Officers having taken Forloffes of his Excellence to goe unto Statine to provide themselves of cloaths and necessaries expecting for a long march where I went also to see my wife and Family and having stayed but one night our march continued so farre in prosecuting our victories that the enemy coming betwixt me and home I was not suffered in three yeares time to returne so long as his Majesty lived which was much to my prejudice Being arrived at Swede on the Oder and joyned with his Majesties Army after our coming being drawne out to the fields we were made into Briggades both horse and foote where Sr. Iohn Hepburne being made Colonell of the Briggad his Regiment Colonell Lumsdells Stargates and ours made up the Briggad where Lumsdell I had the Battaile Colonell Hepburne his Regiment made up the right wing and Colonell Stargates the left which on our march was changed by turnes and thereafter was still called the Scots Briggad commanded by Hepburne Sundry other Briggads were made up as the yellow or leeffe Briggad commanded by the Baron Tyvell the blew Briggad commanded by Colonell Winckle and the white Briggad called Dametts where having lien some few dayes we were preparing for our march towards Francford on the Oder The seventh Observation GEnerall Tilly was no sooner marched with his Army but incontinent the Felt-marshall did follow his example to joyne with his Majesty Where we may see that these two wise Generalls did soare in the skies with their Armies casting boards like warre ships to get advantage one of another We see here that Cavaliers though tied by Gods ordinance to live with their wives being once severed and tied to serve they cannot with credit quit their charge to come to their wives The King himselfe being once engaged in the Dutch warres was deprived for two yeares from the sweete society of his Queene which should teach women and men of meaner quality after their examples to be patient in absence for more love was never betwixt two than was betwixt his Majesty and his Queene no love could goe beyond their love each to others except the love of Christ God and man towards man For the love of this Queene to her husband the King did equall the love of the wife of Hieron whom we read of in Plutarch his Apophthegmes for her rare continence and respect carried to her husband shee never felt the breath of anothers kisse but her husbands Which in my opinion this Queene of Sweden could well for her love to her husband have done if it were possible as is reported by Plinius of Arria wife to Cecinna Paetus who being condemned to die with liberty to choose the forme of his death his wife going to visit him did exhort him to die valiantly with great courage and taking good night of her husband she strucke herselfe with a knife in the body and drawing out the knife againe presented it to Paetus her husband with these words Vulnus quod feci Paete non doleâ— sed quod tu facies as one would say the wound I gave my selfe hurts me not but the wound which you shall give grieves me We read also of Portia Cato his daughter and wife to Brutus who hearing of her husbands death in despight of all that were about her filled her mouth with hot burning coales and was suffocated for griefe We reade also a memorable story of the wives of the Menyans recorded by Plutarch in his fourth booke of Illustrious women their husbands being in prison and condemned to death for having enterprized against the King of Sparta the Lacedemonian custome being to execute their malefactors in the night these noble women under pretence to speake with their husbands being appointed to die got license of the Guards to goe within the prison and having put themselves in place of their husbands whom they made to put on their Gownes taught them to cover their faces with vailes as being extreamely sorry carrying their heads downward they escaped out of their hands Having inferred this discourse on a Queene yet wife to the best Souldier in our dayes lest Souldiers wives should be worse thought of than others having seene more love more indurance better obedience and by appearance more chastity in them to their husbands than ever I did see in any other profession I will here yet inferre a rare example of a Souldiers wife to encourage others to follow and imitate her vertues The story we reade written by Barnard Scardeon in his third booke of Padua that Blanch Rubea of Padua being retired with her Baptist de la Porte within the fortresse of Bassean pertaining to the Venetians Accâ—olen baâ—â—shed out of Padua with all his forces assailed the said place being valorously defended it was impossible to get it but by Treason Baptist not losing courage though surprised running unto the Port with his Armes in his hand but suppressed by the multitude of his enemies having gotten entry he was killed by the hand of Acciolen his wife Blanch did fight valiantly in the conflict being armed with steele and with courage farre beyond her sex The enemy being victorious she was taken perforce and brought before the Tyrant who being ravished with her beauty at first making much of her then desireth to ravish and bereave her of her honour shee defending her selfe by words and prayers of entreaty escaped his hands and finding the window open skips downe where she was found â—ore hurt and halfe dead but by the diligence of good Chirurgians she was made whole as before and was solicited by the Tyrant againe which she refusing to yeeld unto being bound was forced by the Tyrant shee keeping her griefe within herselfe gets liberty to goe see the dead body of her husband Baptist and pretending to doe some ceremonies about his Corps and having opened the Grave she crying streached herselfe in the Grave and violently with her hands pulls the stone that covered the grave over her and her head being bruised she died presently above her husband in the yeare 1253. The Ancient Germans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in travells
Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosâ—e neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntier and desired him to put on a light corselet with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiâ—rs besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame oâ— before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting aâ—l Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead
his Officers on Hasford and Swineford These newes coming unto his Majesty he prepared for a march unto Franconia bringing the rest of his Majesties forces together that were with the Felt-marshall and he did send unto During to the Duke of Wymar and to Generall Banier to bring their forces together to meete betwixt Nurenberg and Donavert to search out Generall Tilly and about the middest of March 1632. we brake up from Mentz having left the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne and Duke Bernard of Wymar with eight thousand men in the Paltz to attend the Spaniards further intentions on the Rhine The twenty-sixth Observation THE Catholique League seeing the Spaniard terrified in the Paltz and almost beaten away they begun being members of that head to quake and tremble for feare of the Swedens neighbourhood and therefore the Bishops of Mentz Triere Cullen Wurtzburg and of Bambrick presently resolved out of their policy to treat for a neutrality pressing so farre as lay in them to bring the King of France and his Majesty of Sweden to pull at each others beards alleadging the Swedens intentions were only to subvert the Catholique Religion and the professours of Popery as he had already as they alleadged persecuted and banished the Churchmen out of Erford Wurtzburg Francford Hickst and out of all other parts where they were whereupon his Majesty of France notwithstanding of his confederacy with the King of Sweden was commoved at his crossing the Rhine fearing he might bring the Catholique League on his side and then turnâ— his Armes against France which suspitions wrought an Ambassage from his Majesty of France towards his Majesty of Sweden for treaty of neutrality betwixt the King of Sweden and the Catholique League which in th' end turned to nothing Where we see that all Potentates and great Kings doe keepe no Confederacy nor League but only so farre as they are helpfull for their owne aimes and designes preferring their benefit before the keeping of their covenants where we see that Kings hand-writings or seales in pactions making tye them no more then as nothing when they finde them prejudiciall to their owne greatnesse and cannot be made to keepe their covenants but with stronger power Then we see here his Majesty of Sweden was nothing moved with the King of France his threatning except he would retire over the Rhine againe seeing he knew his owne ability at that time that being once over the Rhine he could march unto France The consideration whereof made them agree better on secondary conditions having past from the first covenant so that we see there is no dealing with Kings but on equall termes and then are they most reasonable but the example of Kings in this point of their covenants is not to be imitated by any other inferiours for in respect of them though not in respect of God they are privileged persons who cannot be punished for their faults but by God alone And therefore amongst inferiours nothing is to be kept more strict next unto faith unviolated then mens word and promise especially promises betwixt old friends But alas no friendship is permanent seeing many things come betwixt turning it unto hatred and hostility for where love doth not grow the friendship is not durable Likewise here we see his Majesty of France made haste to interpose his request for the weale of the Catholique League shewing himselfe discontented with their usage to make them the more ready to thinke on him before they should any wayes leane in their necessity to the King of Sweden As also we see the policy of the League though in their necessity they seemed to make use of the King of France his friendship yet they would not cast off the house of Austria and King of Spaine their ould friends for the hope they had in their new friend the King of France lest their new friend might disappoint them of their expectations as he did in th' end missing his owne aimes We see also here the Frenches policy in making haste to intercede for the Leagueistes lest the danger might come on himselfe for the King of France hâ—aring the King of Sweden had crossed the Rhine he did not stay to bring his Army together till the League should call for his helpe lest it should be too late but incontinent brought his Army to the Mosell and then sent his Ambassador to Mentâ— to his Majesty of Sweden to treat having his Army at hand which was the only sure way then to get the better conditions knowing the King of Sweden had already too many Irons in the fire Those we see are the best friends that in necessity keepe their paction as the Catholique League did at all times unto the Emperour who otherwise had bin no Emperour neither yet had he bin Emperour had the Evangelists kept together and hazarded their meanes and bloud in defence of the publique cause as the Catholiques did in their greatest necessity once every yeere setting up ever new Armies as one was beaten unto them their wisdome and constancy were so great that presently the next Spring through their power and diligence they had ever another new Army afoote which in th' end made their enemies the Evangelists weary sparing their meanes they suffered in a manner the cause and the publique to be neere lost being since beaten by their owne Armes and meanes seeing they neglected time while as they might employ their meanes to the finall overthrow of their enemies and yet to my knowledge in Germany if they would conjoyne their strengths together constantly against the Papists they are powerfull enough to free all Germany of Popery banishing them over the Alpes from whence they came And I perswade my selfe none that knowes Germany but in his conscience he must confesse this to be truth But when our fellowes in friendship faile us as the Evangelists one after another for a skurvy losse quit the Crowne of Sweden the great Duke of Saxon having left them first breaking his oath and promise in prejudice of the publique peace excluding the Protestants impiously for his owne aimes he did prejudice the Gospell his country and confederates and by his evill example for plaine necessity while a storme should blow over the townes of the upper Circles of the Empire as Strasburg Vlme Nurenberg Francford did accept of an unsetled peace contrary to their mindes in prejudice of the publique losing themselves and the publique for the losse of one day being without their head which first brought them together Here then we see the great difference of friendship in prosperity and in adversity for his Majesty of Sweden being at Francford as a victorious King he had then in his prosperity the conflux of friendship some seeking his protection others his friendship and confederacy others for feare of the dint of his Armes seeking to be Neutrall who before were enemies other Kings and Potentats Republiques and Cities sending their Ambassadours congratulating his successe yea and which was
where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to roâ—with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immortall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that â—carce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Excâ—pt the LORD watch the watch-man watcheth in vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindaw under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that
a little skirmish made with horse in the Feilds retired over the water casting off the Bridge behinde them they escaped having left a weake Garrison of foote in the Towne and Castle to make an Accord for keeping the Towne unplundered which was suddenly agreed on so that before night we were quartered in the Towne the enemy being retired where divers of our Briggad made bootie worth their paines The next day his Majestie hearing we had taken in the Towne did breake up with the Armie towards Memmungen leaving Orders for foâ—â—â—e Felt-marshall to joyne with the Armie at Freisingen having got moneyes for his Majestie both from Landshut and the Bishopricke of Freisingen for keeping them unplundered Hohnwart Pfafenhowen being two walled Townes with the Abbacie of St. Morris and the Abbacie of St. George were also brought under Contribution where the Boores on the march cruelly used our Souldiers that went aside to plunder in cutting off their noses and eares hands and feete pulling out their eyes with sundry other cruelties which they used being justly repayed by the Souldiers in burning of many Dorpes on the march leaving also the Boores dead where they were found A strong partie of the Dukes Souldiers thinking to have surprized the Swedens in their quarters they fell themselves in the ditch that they prepared for others so that very few of them escaped with life out of the Swedens hands By this time also Weysenburg not farre from Nurenberg was taken in by the Dukes Forces having got some Cannon from the Castle of Weiltzburg Neverthelesse the Swedens Garrison behaved themselves valourously in making an honourable Accord though those Papists unworthily brake their promise for those that would not willingly serve were cut downe and the Towne by condescending was also plundered their wives and children were abused and the Burgomasters and Preachers were taken prisoners unto Engolstat and the Ports of the Towne they razed and burnt The thirtieth Observation IN this Expedition as in all the former his Majesties wisedome and diligence is praise-worthy for prosecuting his victories so orderly on the hot sent as the cunning Hunter doth his prey in giving one sweat after another till he kill or derne in putting the Fox in the earth and then hooke him out or starve him Likewise His Majestie also very wisely advancing within his enemies Country First made the passes sure behinde him in case of Retreate or of scarcitie of Amunition or victualls most prudently he left Generall Ruthven at Vlme as Governour being his Magazin-place and surest retreate being also made certaine of the Duke of Wittenbergs friendship who in necessitie was able to furnish him with a great supply of men moneys victualls and Amunition for his Armie being then one of the most powerfull Princes within Germany As also his Majestie having got Ausburg under subjection â—e very wisely left a part of his Armie to subdue the adjacent Cities in Schwabland to helpe his Contribution as Memmungen Pibrach Brandenburg on the River Elâ—e as also Midaleham Kaâ—ffbire and Kempten on the Leacke and Elve and that by the industry and diligence of Generall Major Ruthven with the rest of the young Cavaliers of the Scots Nation that followed him such as Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell Iohn Forbesse Lievetenant Colonell Gunne Lievetenant Colonell Mongomerie Major Ruthven Major Brumfield and divers other Scots Captaines such as Captaine Dumbarre that was killed by the Boores neere Vlme who all were obliged to Generall Ruthven not onely for their advancements but also for their meanes which they made in short time beyond their fellowes who had served longer by reason their lot was to have fallen in a fat soyle that abounded in riches and as their service to his Majestie was faithfull and loyall so his Majestie was liberall and bountifull in advancing them to titles of honour As also in bestowing on them Cadoucks and casualties to inrich them more than others whose fortunes were not to be so rewarded though their deservings were no lesse so that being rich in credit they care not for the want of abundance of externall things being inwardly contented through their vertue Here also we see that as his Majestie was circumspect for his retreate even so he was fore-seeing for the safetie of his Armie in not hazarding to ingage it too farre with disadvantage against the Dukes Armie and the strong Citie of Engâ—lstat being the best Strength for one within the Empire Neverthelesse having once recognosced the Citie he would not leave it till he had showne his resolution and left his intrenchment as the tokens of his worth in hazarding to beleaguer it having an Armie to second them and while as his Majesties horse was shot under him he said it did put him in minde he was but mortall and subject to mischances as others and therefore he knew no better remedie but to resigne himselfe and all his to the providence of the Almightie and that he was perswaded that though God should call him out of the world yet the Lord would not abandon his owne Cause being so just but he was assured God would stirre up some other worthier than he to put a period to those warres for the libertie of Gods service in Dutchland and withall he tooke God to witnesse he had no other intention in prosecuting those warres but onely to pull downe the tyranny of the house of Austria and to obtaine a solid and a setled peace unto all men that were interessed in the quarrell Where by this his speech we see that as he was a brave and a valourous King so he was wise at this time in preserving himselfe and his Armie from losing them before such a strong Citie As also we see that the Conditions of mortall men have their changes common unto them that oft-times they are crossed by contrary fortunes as formerly they did prosper and the Lord doth hide the causes of both from us to spurre us ever to seeke to his Majestie in doing good and those good of themselves as this just King was who notwithstanding had need of Gods direction in all his wayes and enterprises which should make us all earnest in seeking the Lord to direct us in all our wayes seeing of our selves we are not able to doe any thing that is good neither ought we to ascribe any thing of our prosperous successe or fortune unto our selves being but the Lords servants and instruments he useth as weake meanes of his glory and the well-fare of his Church on earth Our daily delight should be then to learne wisedome out of the actions of others and like the Bee that makes the honey to converse amongst good company that we may savour at least of their goodnesse following the footsteps of this Heroick and godly King fructifying ever during our life times unto all sort of well-doing till such time as we may end with glory living after death Moreover here we see his Majestie though on a march not neglective to discharge
people he was but dust and ashes like unto other men And therfore he wished the people they should not trust or repose any thing in him but to put their trust and confidence in God saying he was but a servant and though the Lord would be pleased to take him away from amongst them yet he doubted not but the Lord would raise up others more powerfull than he to defend the good Cause he had begunne till at last it were brought to a good end These speeches and much more to this purpose his Majestie out of humilitie uttered on this march and as his Majestie was humble so his courtesie to all men that loved him was the gemme of his Crowne especially honouring and respecting ever His Queene as the glory of her sex his Royall Majestie being truely indued with such true splendour of noble worth that he ever seemed like unto the Sunne that shineth alike on the Paisant in the field as it doth on the Emperour in his Throne And when his Majestie departed from us at Rhine on the Leacke then our Sunne on earth went away unto another Horizon leaving us eclipsed through the want of our Leader so that in the rest of our warfare we had none to depend on but on God alone the onely sure Anchor for a troubled soule to rest on To conclude then this Observation having followed the Lyon of the North thus farre unto the Battaile of Leitzen though I was not at the Battaile yet for my love to my Master and to discharge the dutie I owe unto my Countrie I will relate the true manner of this Battaile in short being the end of the second part of my expedition under his Majestie of Sweden of never dying memory leaving the third part of the expedition to a fitter opportunitie except so farre as we marched before we were sworne to the Evangelist Stends under the Conduct of Palsgrave Christian Brickerfeild in Baviere and afterward under the Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne in Schwabland The fortieth Dutie discharged of the Battaile of Leitzen THE Kings Majestie of Sweden knowing that the Duke of Freedland had quit the Towne and Castle of Visenfelts and had the fourth of November marched with his Armie towards Leitzen two miles from Leipsigh his Majestie on the fift of November with the whole Armie two houres before day brake up from Nawmburg setting after the enemy coming the same day after noone-tide in sight of them He presented himselfe with his Armie in order of Battaile so that incontinently the skirmish went on apace by the Troopes which were commanded out from both Armies whereupon the Swedens made still good use with their small Cannon till the night did put them asunder In which skirmish the Swedens had gotten one of the Crabats Standards whereon was drawne the Fortune and the Eagle which on our side was holden for a good beginning The Swedens Armie this whole night standing in Battaile his Majestie was of intention to have fallen on the Emperiall Armie two houres before day but by reason of a thicke mist which had fallen it behooved his Majestie to attend the rising and clearing up of the day But the enemy perceiving the Swedens coming so neere unto him it could not goe off without fighting he did in the meane time see well to his owne advantage giving out orders they should incontinent make the Graffe or Ditch they had before their Front deeper than it was first made and to lodge Musketiers within it which they might have before them equall to any breast-worke or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Caâ—non that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up