person but therein explained other grieuances besides the former complaints And whereas the Lords of the Counsell had taxed him for being ruled by young counsell wherby he vnderstood his three most familiar friends to be meant namely Sir Henry Dauers Sir Richard Moryson and Sir William Godolphin he boldly answered that besides the Counsellors of State hee vsed the familiarity of none which were not older then Alexander the great when he conquered the World Lastly he protested to Master Secretarie that he tooke him for his chiefest friend and knew that he had more power to do him good or hurt then any other yet as he would not dishonestly lose him so he would not basely keepe him beseeching him to vse his power in mediating licence vnto him that he might come ouer for a short time to kisse the Queenes hand for touching other fauours concerning the publike he would neuer acknowledge any particular obligation to him or to any other since hee made his demaunds as he thought best for the seruice but the granting or denying thereof concerned not him The Muster of the Army at Dundalke before the sitting downe at the Faghard Hill Colonels of Regiments In Lyst By Muster Whereof Irishmen Swords wanting Sick hurt lying at Dundalk Captaine Berey 472. The Lord Deputies Guard 200 Targets 28 120 01 00 16 Pikes 32 Shot 60 The Marshall Sir Rich. Wingfield 150 Targets 4 96 10 30 06 Pikes 39 Shot 53 Vnder the Lord Deputie 400. The Sergeant Maior Sir Oliuer Lambert 200 Targets 10 108 08 05 05 Pikes 46 Shot 52 Capt. Handserd 100 Targets 1 79 20 10 06 Pikes 28 Shot 50 Capt. Fisher. 100 Targets 3 69 05 20 11 Pikes 21 Shot 45 Sir Christopher Saint Laurence Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200 Targets 10 141 113 14 12 Pikes 61 Shot 70 Sir Henry Follyot 150 Targets 6 90 15 10 09 Pikes 36 Shot 48 Earle of Kildare 150 Targets 6 81 78 06 14 Pikes 35 Shot 40 Sir Fra Shane 100 Targets 00 55 47 04 08 Pikes 18 Shot 37 Sir Charles Percy 336. Sir Charles Percy 200 Targets 10 149 28 30 04 Pikes 54 Shot 85 Captaine Williams 150 Targets 00 90 06 03 10 Pikes 37 Shot 53 Captaine Roe 100 Targets 4 59 08 05 01 Pikes 25 Shot 30 Capt. Stannton 100 Targets 00 38 00 00 10 Pikes 18 Shot 20 Sir Richard Morison 473. Sir Rich. Moryson 200 Targets 6 118 22 25 36 Pikes 44 Shot 68 Sir Hen. Dauers 200 Targets 26 128 12 15 22 Pikes 37 Shot 65 Capt. Caufeild 150 Targets 07 94 10 10 23 Pikes 32 Shot 55 Capt. Constable 100 Targets 3 76 01 12 05 Pikes 25 Shot 48 Ca. Rauenscroft 100 Targets 3 57 01 23 06 Pikes 24 Shot 30 Sir Thom. Bourk 276. Sir Thom. Bourk 150 Targets 06 85 82 26 14 Pikes 25 Shot 54 Lord Deluin 150 Targets 03 76 74 30 10 Pikes 30 Shot 43 Sir Henrie Harrington 100 Targets 03 40 37 08 12 Pikes 20 Shot 17 Sir Garret More 100 Targets 07 75 13 02 08 Pikes 23 Shot 45 Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 150 Targets 10 95 24 15 05 Pikes 33 Shot 52 Sir Thom. Wingfeild 150 Targets 05 102 25 20 13 Pikes 29 Shot 68 Capt. Billings 100 Targets 03 59 01 04 15 Pikes 24 Shot 32 Capt. Treauor 100 Targets 06 70 01 15 14 Pikes 23 Shot 41 The men of Dublin 50 Targets 03 44 40 00 01 Pikes 15 Shot 26 Sir S. Bagnol 346 S r S. Bagnol with brokē cōpanies and his owne 200 Targets 18 200 20 30 00 Pikes 24 Shot 158 Capt. Esmond 150 Targets 02 82 15 10 14 Pikes 28 Shot 52 Capt. Freckleton 100 Targets 03 64 03 06 02 Pikes 15 Shot 46  Totall 4150 Totall 2640 702 388 315 The greatest part of the Army haue neither Armours nor Murrions neither are here mentioned the sicke and hurt in other places besides Dundalke nor yet the warders allowed out of some of these Companies The fourteenth of September his Lordship began another iourny into the North and the fifteenth incamped at the hill of Faghard three miles beyond Dundalke and there his Lordship lay till the ninth of October in such extremitie of weather as would haue hindred his passage if the enemie had not withstood him his Lordships tent being 〈◊〉 wet and often blowne downe Before his Lordship came Tyrone with his vttermost strength had possessed the Moyry being a strong fastnesse as any the Rebels had but his Lordship resolued to march ouer him if hee stopped his way and make him know that his Kerne could not keepe the fortification against the Queenes forces Many skirmishes fell out happily to vs and two seuerall dayes the Rebels were beaten out of their trenches with great losse till at last vpon the eight of October they left the passage cleere Then after the army was a few daies refreshed at Dundalke his Lordship marched the twenty one of October to the Newry passing through the Moyry where he caused all the rebels trenches to be laid flat to the groūd and the woods to be cut downe on both sides of the Pace At the Newry for want of victuals his Lordship staied till the second of Nouember when he set forward eight miles towards Armagh and there incamped The Rebels horse-men shewed themselues vpon a hil wherupon Sir Samuel Bagnols Regiment hauing the Reare and being not yet come into the Campe was directed to march towardes them there being a bog between vs and them but the Rogues quickly drew to their fastnes The next morning his Lordship rode some quarter of a mile from the Campe and viewed a place where Sir Iohn Norreys formerly intended to build a Fort and liking his choice set downe there with the Army to build the same The place is a hill like a Promontory all inuironed with bogges a Riuer and great store of wood By it on the right hand ouer the Riuer and a great bogge was a little firme ground and then another bogge ouer that a faire Countrey with houses and much corne His Lordship could by no meanes send ouer any horse but foure miles about wherefore he commanded a regiment of foote to aduance to the first peece of firme ground and from thence to send ouer the next bogge some few men to bring in the Corne and Tymber of the houses with directions to make their retreit to the grosse if the enemies horses should fall downe that way On the left hand and before was a bogge ouer the bogge before a great wood that continueth through all this fastnes and ouer the bogge on the left hand a hill where Tyrone all that day and most of the time that the Army lay there did muster himselfe and his men This day most of his horse and foote fell ouer but farre about on the right hand vpon which our straglers that went out retired to the firme ground ouer the first bogge and there beganne betweene our foote and theirs a very good skirmish till
plaine of inclosed pastures Entering the City we passed the brooke Limachus by a bridge the Suburbs are built vpon the ascent of a Mountaine and the City on the top of it where there is a Castle vpon a Rocke of old very strong but now ruinated on the North side descending into a valley by the brooke on the right hand or vpon the East side within a musket shot lie the Baths which are famous for medicine and are in number thirty seated on each side the Brooke which diuideth them into Bethora the great and the little In the great diuers Bathes are contained vnder one roofe of a faire house and without the gate are two common to the poore These waters are so strong of brimstone as the very smoake warmeth them that come neere and the waters burne those that touch them Of these one is called the Marques Bath and is so hot as it will scald off the haire of a Hogge many hauing no disease but that of loue how soeuer they faine sickenesse of body come hither for remedy and many times find it Weomen come hither as richly attired as if they came to a marriage for Men Weomen Monkes and Nunnes sit all together in the same water parted with boords but so as they may mutually speake and touch and it is a rule here to shun all sadnes neither is any iealousie admitted for a naked touch The waters are so cleere as a penny may be seene in the bottome and because melancholy must be auoided they recreate themselues with many sports while they sit in the water namely at cards and with casting vp and catching little stones to which purpose they haue a little table swimming vpon the water vpon which sometimes they doe likewise eate These Bathes are very good for Weomen that are barren They are also good for a cold braine and a stomacke charged with rhume but are hurtfull for hot and dry complexions and in that respect they are held better for Weomen then Men. The Innes were wont to pay tribute to the three Cantons of Baden Brucke and Bazell but now Baden alone makes great profit of them by the great concourse of sickely persons and the Parliaments of the Cantons commonly held there I paid for my diet six Batzen a meale From hence I hired a Horse at the same rate as before and passing through woody Mountaines came in three houres riding to the City Brucke By the way I passed the Brooke Russe which runneth from Lucerna into these parts and the boate was drawne by a cable running vpon a wheele by reason of the waters swift course where I paide for my passage sixe creitzers and when I came neere Bruck I passed the Brooke Ara by a bridge paying one creitzer for tribute and here I paid fiue batzen a meale From hence hiring a horse as before I rode in two houres space to Hornsea through steepe Mountaines and a wood of Oake by the way lies Kingsfeld that is Kingly field a Monastery so called because Widowe Queenes and Kings forsaking their Scepters and inferiour Princes were wont of old to enter into this place for the solitary profession of Religion In the same Cloyster of old liued the Friars of Saint Francis order in the building on the right hand as you come in and the Nunnes of Saint Clara on the left hand and both came to the same Chappell the Friars to the body of the Church and the Nunnes to close galleries aboue looking out and hearing through grates The Emperour Albertus being killed by his Nephew in the yeere 1380. at Santbacke three miles distant this Monastery was built for his memory though his bones were buried at Spire The reuenewes of this monastery grew in time to be yeerly forty thousand Guldens which are now appropriated to the common treasure of the Sweitzer Cantons Leopold Duke of Austria lies here buried Ferdinand of Insprucke one of the Archdukes of Austria is Lord of Hornesea all the rest of the territories from Schafhusen to this place belonging to the Cantons of Sweitzerland and here I paid sixe batzen a meale Hence I hired a horse as before and rode in fiue houres to Rheinefeld through fruitfull hils of corne hauing on all sides wooddy Mountaines in sight Here againe I passed the Rheine and paid two raps for my horse and my selfe foot-men paying but one The Rheine passeth by with a violent course and washeth the Towne on the East side Here I paid sixe Batzen a meale Hence hiring a Horse as before I rode in two houres space to Bazell through a faire plaine of corne and pasture lying vpon the Rheine hauing on all sides woody Mountaines in sight and neere the City were most pleasant fields planted with vines to the which fields the territory of the said Arch-duke extendeth on the East side of the Rheine I entered by little Bazell seated in a plaine on the East side of Rheine and so passed by a bridge of wood into the greater Bazell seated vpon pleasant hils on the West side of Rheine This City of old was one of the imperiall free Cities but now is ioined to the Cantons of Sweitzerland and was built in the yeere 3 2 hauing the name of a Basiliske slaine by a Knight couered with cristall or of the word Pasell which in Dutch signifies a beaten path or of the greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as a kingly City The lesse Bazell was of old built by an Arch-duke of Austria in preiudice of the greater and after being sold to it for thirty thousand guldens was incorporated therevnto The greater hath many caues vnder the hils and suffered a great earth-quake in the yeere 1346 at which time the Pallace neere the Cathedrall Church fell into the Rheine and another Earth-quake in the yeere 1356. wherein 180. persons were killed all the people flying out of the Towne Eugenius the Pope held a Councell in this City the yeere 1431. The Bridge of wood ioyning the little and great City diuided by the Rheine is broad enough for two carts to passe at once and towards little Bazell six Arches are of stone but towards great Bazell where the Rheine tunneth most swiftly eight Arches are built of wood that they may be more easily repaired and vpon any warre from Germany more readily broken downe This City is of the forme of an half Moone I meane the great City reckoning the lesse for a Suburbe and being seated upon diuers hils on the West side of the Rheine imbraceth betweene the two hornes the lesser City seated in a plaine on the East side of Rheine On the West side of the greater the Emperor Rodulphus of Habspurg besieged the City and on this side something towards the North within the walles is a most pleasant greene for walking called peter platz In this place is the Armory of the City and the tribunal of Iustice and some faire houses of priuate men and a most pleasant shade of trees among
townes and Villages we dined in a Village where we two by couenant paying for our coachman spent each of vs eigh grosh In the afternoone we passed the rest of the way one mile in the-Kings territory where we passed another damme of the riuer Vistula and three miles to Dantzke in the territory of the same City The King of Poland at this time was at the Port of Dantzke called Der Mind an English mile from the City expecting a wind to sayle into his Kingdome of Suecin and had with him his Queene and many Ladies and Courtiers Therefore desirous to see the King and the Queene with their traine I walked the next morning to this Port which is barred with a mountaine of sand so as the ships must vnlade in the roade before they can enter this Hauen neither is any village built there but onely one Inne in which the King 〈◊〉 with all his traine but beyond the water there is a strong Castle of a round sonne From hence after dinner I returned on foot to Dantzke The next day the King had a good wind but before this as those of the Romish religion are very superstitious the King and the Queen being of the house of Austria while sometimes they thought Munday sometimes Friday to be vnlucky daies had lost many faire winds The City of Dantzke is a very faire City and howsoeuer few ages past they had not any houses built of stone yet at this time many were built of free-stone and the rest of bricke with great beauty and magnificence being sixe or seuen roofes high And they had publike gardens for sports banquets and exercises which are very pleasant They haue a very faire Senate-house called Hoff that is the Court and the Citizens haue a strange fashion to put off their hats when they passe by it From the market place being round in which the King of Poland lodged some daies to the gate Hochethore being richly engraued lieth a very faire street called Longgasse and leads vp towards the Mountaines hanging ouer the City The famous Riuer Vistula doth not enter the City but passeth by it on the East-side and running towards the North fals into the Balticke sea But a little brook enters the City on the South-side and runnes through it towards the North. There is a faire water conduit vulgarly called Wasserkunst where by a mill the waters are drawne vp into a cesterne from whence they are carried by pipes into all the streetes and priuate houses besides that many Citizens haue their priuat wels The aforesaid brooke driues many mils among which one for the grinding of corne belongs to the Senate and it hath eighteene roomes and bringeth into the publike treasure euery houre a gold gulden and another without any helpe of hands saweth boords hauing an iron wheele which doth not onely driue the saw but hooketh in and turneth the boords to the saw The Garners for laying vp of corne called speiker are very faire and very many lying together in which the Citizens lay vp corne brought out of Poland and according to the wants of Europe carry it into many kingdomes and many times relieue fruitfull Prouinces in time of casual dearth The Queene of Poland came in a disguifed habit to see these garners and they haue a law that no man may carry fire or a lighted candle into them In the Church called Parkirk the resurrection of our Lord is painted with great art and the same againe is figured vnder a globe of glasse which kinde of painting is here in vse This City compassed with one wall containes three Cities gouerned by three Senates out of which one chiefe Senate is gathered to gouerne the whole City and these three Cities are called Furstat that is the fore City and Alistat that is the old City and Reichstat that is the Empires City The whole-City vnited lies in length from the South to the North and vpon the South-side is Furstat where the foresaid brooke diuiding the City doth enter and there is the aforesaid water conduit and without the wals a faire village or suburbe called Scotland in which there is a sanctuary which offenders may enter paying a gulden to the Bishop and none but Artificers for the most part shoomakers d well in this suburbe On this side and towards the East and North without the wals lie plaine fields which may be drowned at pleasure Vpon the East-side within the wals are the aforesaid garners for corne On the West-side without the wals great mountaines hang ouer the City and vpon them Stephen King of Poland incamped when he besieged the City which hath for defence very high wals on the same side Vpon the North-side in a corner lies Altstat betweene which and Furstat on the South-side lies the chiefe City Reichstat in the middest whereof is the aforesaid market place and a publike armory besides that great Ordinance is planted vpon the wals round about the City I said that from this market place the faire street Longgasse lieth to the gate Reichstat Betweene Reichstat and Altstat lie the foresaid two mils to grinde corn and saw boords both in my opinion very rare The City of Dantzke from the Roman superstition hath the same Saint for protector of their City which England hath namely Saint George whom they carry in their flags and banners And by the way let me remember that the state of Genea in Italy and the Iland of Chios vulgarly Zio in the sea neere Constantinople carry also the same Saint in their flagges At Dantzke I paid fiuegrosh a meale and being to passe into Poland where good meat is not in all places to be had I carried some prouision in the Coach and paid for two hens fiue grosh and for each measure of wine all kinds being of like price I paid ten grosh which measure is called a stoope and is somewhat bigger then the English guart The ninth of September after the old stile for the new stile is vsed in Poland I tooke The ninth of September after the old stile for the new stile is vsed in Poland I tooke my iourney to Crakaw and we being foure consorts hired a Coach for forty guldens The first day in the morning we passed fiue miles in fiue houres space through fruitfull hils of corne and onely one wood in that part of the Dukedome of Prussen which belongs vnto the King of Poland and came to the City Diersaw by which the riuer Vistula runneth After dinner we passed three miles through a wood and a Fen to the Village Zunzane inhabited by Hollanders who hauing dried the Fen made the fields much more fruitfull And from thence the same night hauing passed the riuer Vistula we went halfe a mile to Gratenis a City belonging to the Sborosky a family of Gentlemen The second day in the morning we went fiue miles through a wood and fruitfull fields of corne to a little Citty Colmersea where that day was a meeting of
these high Mountaines among which the riuer hath his spring But from Rome it runs in a narrow bed 2 miles to Ostia with a slow course and there endeth in Lakes the mouth of the hauen being so stopped as the least Barks cannot passe to from the sea Here beyond our expectatiō our Veturine alleaged that he had agreed with vs to pay for our diet not for our passages of Riuers by which captious trick each of vs was forced to pay two Giulij for our passage ouer the Riuer Of the foresaid twelue miles to the little towne where of I spake two miles remained which we rode and there lodged that might The fifth day in the morning wee rode seuenteene miles to Castel ' nuouo through woody Mountaines and Valies of corne in a way very dirty and slippery and here our Veturine tied to pay for our diet put a new tricke vpon vs saying that he would not dine but goe on to Rome yet if wee pleased to dine hee would out of his duty stay for vs otherwise being ready to finish the rest of his iourney We smiled at the knaues craft and each of vs paied two poli and a halfe for our dinners After dinner we rode thirteene miles to Rome of old the Head-Citie of the World through winding hills and pastures and when we came to the first Gate we did meete many English men on horse-back without bootes being all Priests going to Madonna di Loreto I was much afraid lest some of them being Schollers of Cambridge should know me brought vp in the same Vniuersitie neither was the hearing of the English tongue or the sight of English men euer before so vnpleasing to me From this first Gate we rode in the way of Flaminius by the winding banck of Tyber and many caues vnder mountaines and hills to the bridge called Ponte-Mole which vniteth the said way of Flaminius lying on both sides the Riuer and there wee passed to the East-side of the said Riuer Tyber and passing on the same way of Flaminius we entered the Citie by a large Gate vulgarly called Porta del Popolo and by a Market place vulgarly called Fore del Popolo in which Market-place is the Church of S. Mary del Popolo CHAP. II. Of my iourney to Naples and my returne to Rome and of the description of both Cities Of my iourney cursory to Sienna Fiorenza Pistoia Lucca and Pisa and the description of the three last Cities DEferring the view of Rome till my returne I thought best to passe on presently to Naples lest if I had staid longer I might perhaps haue beene betraied into the hands of the Spaniards when I should come thither for that Kingdome is subiect to the Spaniards with whom the English then had warre besides that in like cases delay brecds danger into which if I should haue fallen I hoped to escape with more ease and contentment when I had beene at the furthest of my iourney Therefore according to the fashion I agreed with a Vetturine at Rome for forty foure Giulij to giue me a horse to Naples and to pay for my diet and horsemeat I say it is the fashion especially in waies of danger and trouble to get meat that passengers should agree with their Vetturine for their diet which if they doe not they shall be subiect to the fraud of Hosts in such a iourney and hardly get so good meat as they who daily passing are well acquainted in all places And in this tumultuary iourney to Naples it is most of all necessary for strangers thus to agree with their Vetturine since the Hosts are great extorters from all men and especially from strangers and it would be difficult for strangers not knowing the fashion of that hasty iourney and of the Country to prouide for themselues When we went out of Rome our consorts suddenly in a broad street lighted from their horses and gaue them to the Vetturines to hold and so went themselues to the Holy staires vulgarly called Le scale sante that they might there pray for a happy iourney at which time my selfe and my consorts slipped into the next Church and going in at one doore and out at the other escaped the worshipping of those holy staires and at fit time came to take our horses with the rest They say that these staires were the same which Christ ascended in Pilates house at Ierusalem and that they were from thence brought to Rome and indeed at Ierusalem the place of them lies void so as I would in this mnch rather beleeue the Romans then in the transportation of the Chamber at Lareto which they would haue done by the Angels and that often and at vnseasonable times whereas in so many voyages into Palestine it was not difficult to bring these staires from thence Yet they being of marble and very rich I would faine know how such a monument could be preserued when Ierusalem was destroied And if they say they belonged to that house of Pilate which they shew at this day I dare be bold to affirme that the magnificence of these staires is nothing answerable to the poore building of that house The twelfth of March we rode twelue miles to Marino a Castle belonging to the Roman Family of Colonna and we passed through a fruitfull plaine of corne hauing on our right hand towards the South the ruines of old Rome and the Castle Tusculo where Cicero wrote his Tuseulane questions not farre from Palestrina of old called Preneste where Marius besieged by Scylla killed himself we might often see the Tyrrhene sea and hauing vpon our left hand towards the North an anticke conduit made of bricke lying all the length of the way from Rome to the Easterne mountaines in which Marino is seated and from whence the water was so farre brought to Rome and vpon the same side hauing a new conduit built by Pope Sixtus the fifth when the pipes of the other were broken but the same is much lower and lesse magnificent then the other and vpon this hand we had mountaines not farre distant Marino was of old called Marianavilla and from this Castle the mountaines which by the way we had on our left hand toward the North crosse ouer to the Tyrrhene sea towards the South shutting vp the large plaine from Rome hither And these mountaines planted with vines and hauing a sweet prospect into the same plaine are very pleasant Whereupon there be very many Pallaces of Roman Senators built vpon these mountaines which lying high of the fresh aire vulgarly this place is called La Frescada Among these mountaines in the Village Tiuoli the deceased Cardinall Hipolito of Este built a Pallace and a wonderfull garden which being ten mile distant from the City of Rome the passengers for the most part hauing scene Rome did in the Cardinals time and yet many times doe passe that way For it resembles a terrestriall Paradice by reason of the fountaines statuaes caues groues fishponds cages
into Sweitzerland The lower part of which Citie vulgarly la bas rue is seated in a plaine and the rest vpon a Hill The buildings are faire and of free-stone This Citie being consederate with some of the Sweitzer Cantones and more strictly with Berna hath defended the freedome of the Citizens and the profession of Reformed Religion for many yeeres with great courage and pietie and through many miseries and practises to subduethem against the pretended rightes of the Bishop and the Duke of Sauoyes ambition and hatred he beares to the Reformed Religion The lower part thereof on the North side lies close to the South side of the Lake where is a little hauen for Gallies which they haue built to keepe free the passage of the Lake And on the same side is a strong Fort and there the Riuer Rhodanus comming out of the Lake enters the Citie and runnes through the lower part thereof hauing two bridges for passage The Duke of Sauoy who hath long watched to surprize this Citie possesseth the East side of the Lake but the Citie is carefull not to suffer him to build any Gallies thereupon and vpon the least rumour of building them armeth their Gallies to burne the same Therefore the way into Sauoy lying vpon the East South East side of the Citie in a Plaine betweene Hilles and Mountaines the Citie hath built a Fort of little circuit but great strength with fortifications of earth some Musket shot without the walles vpon that way and therein continually keepes a Garrison Not farre thence the Riuer Arba flowing from the Easterne Mountaines doth beyond the Citie fall into Rhodanus At the South Gate is a publike Church-yard for buriall and an Hospitall or Pest house which are both without the walles On the same side within the walles is a pleasant walke vpon Hilles where of old a pillar was erected with this inscription To the Emperour Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Pius by Foelix Aug. greatest Bishop with Tribunall power Consull c. On the West side of the Citie without the walles little Mountaines lying not farre distant might seeme dangerous for the encamping of enemies saue that on the one side they are compassed with the Territorie of Berne confederate with the Citie and on the other side with the Riuer Rhodanus so as the enemies passage to them is very difficult This Citie was of old repaired by the Emperour Aurelius and Iulius Caesar makes mention of this Citie in his first booke of the Gaules warre so as the antiquitie thereof cannot be doubted Here I had great contentment to speake and conuerse with the reuerent Father Theodore Beza who was of stature something tall and corpulent or big boned and had a long thicke beard as white as snow He had a graue Senatours countenance and was broad faced but not fat and in generall by his comely person sweete affabilitie and grauitie he would haue extorted reuerence from those that least loued him I walked with him to the Church and giuing attention to his speech it happened that in the Church porch I touched the poore mans box with my fingers and this reuerend man soone perceiued my errour who hauing vsed in Italy to dip my fingers towards the holy water according to the manner of the Papists lest the omitting of so small a matter generally vsed might make me suspected of my Religion and bring me into dangers of greater consequence did now in like sort touch this poore mans box mistaking it for the Font of holy water I say hee did soone perceiue my errour and taking me by the hand aduised me hereafter to eschew these ill customes which were so hardly forgotten When I had taken counsell with my friends if it were safe for mee to goe the right way from Geneua to Paris they being of great experience disswaded me from that iourney which could not but be dangerous the Peace being scarsely concluded and the Countrey being full of bands of Souldiers returning to their owne home which councell after I found good by Experience the mother of fooles And when they perceiued that I was obstinately purposed to passe through France into England they aduised mee rather to passe into France by the Dukedome of Loraine which for the time was more free from the tumults of warre whose councell I thought good to follow so as I was now to returne to Strassburg in Germany almost the same way I came Thus after noone I left Geneua and rode that day foure miles to Morgen The second day in the morning I rode in two houres space to Losanna and in fiue houres space to Milden where I payed eight batzen for my dinner and horse-meate After dinner in foure howers space I rode to Bitterline and payed fourteene batzen for my supper and horse-meate The third day in the morning I rode one mile as they call it in foure houres space to Morton in three howers space to Berne one of the Sweitzers Cantons through sandy fieldes of Corne and many Woods At Geneua many French Gentlemen and Students comming thither for the libertie of their religion did speake pure French and from that Citie all the people spake a barbarous French till I came neere Berne where they first began to speake the Sweitzers language Being to describe Berne giue me leaue first for Trauellers sake to mention what I haue read in some Authors that in the Territorie of Lucerna which I neuer viewed and who are earnest Papists and so may iustly bee suspected in like reports there is a wonderfull Lake vpon the banke whereof they say Pilate doth once in a yeere walke anired in Iudges robes and that whosoeuer then sees him doth die the same yeere The most faire Citie Berne hath the name of Beares in the Dutch tongue because Berthold Duke of Zeringen being to build the Citie and going fourth to hunt thought good to giue it the name of the first beast he should meete and kill And there being a Wood of Oakes in the very place where the Citie was to be built the workemen cutting the same for the building of the Citie did sing this Rime in Dutch Holtz lass dich hawen gern Die stat muss heissen Bern. Wood let vs willingly cut thee this Citie must Bern named be They write that the ground whereupon the Citie is built was of old called the Sacke and that the Citie thereupon was built in forme of a sacke This most faire City is not of any great antiquitie for Berthold the founder thereof died in the yeere 1175. It is built vpon a little Mountaine yet seemes to be seated in a Valley because it is compassed with greater Mountaines The little Mountaine whereupon it is seated is narrow and the full bredth thereof is within the walles neither is it much longer then the Citie lying in length from the West to the East in which length it hath three faire and broad streetes and is fortified round about with the Valleys of this
harme to the same from some high places without this gate On the left hand as you come into the broad and faire street of Saint Denys lies a Castle which they say Iulius Casar built and the same Castle was of old the chiefe gate of Paris whereupon Marcellinus cals the whole City the Castle of the Parisians And vpon the righthand is the Nunnery of the daughters of God which vse to giue three morsels of bread and a cup of wine to condemned men going to execution Not farre thence is the large Church yard of the Holy Innocents which King Phillip Augustus compassed with wals and there be many faire sepulchers and they say that bodies buried there are consumed in nine daies The fifth F gate lies toward the North and is called Mont-Martre so called of a mountaine of the same name lying without that gate and hauing the name of Martyres there executed And Henry the fourth besieging the City mounted his great Ordinance in this place The sixth G gate Saint Honore hath a suburbe in which is the market place for swines flesh and vpon the right hand as you come in hard by the gate is an Hospitall for three hundred blind men The seuenth H and last gate lies vpon the Seyne towards the North-west and is called the new gate and within the same about a musket shot distance is the I Kings Pallace which may be called the lesse Pallace in respect of the greater seated in the Iland and this little Pallace is vulgarly called Le' leuure This Pallace hath onely one Court yard and is of a quadrangle forme saue that the length somewhat passeth the bredth and the building being of free stone seemeth partly old partly new and towards one of the corners the Kings chambers vulgarly called Il Pauillon are more fairely built then the rest Without the said new gate some halfe musket shot distance is the Kings garden with the banquetting house vulgarly called Les Tuilleries And now the ciuill warres being ended the King beganne to build a stately gallery which should ioine together this garden and the foresaid Pallace of the King and I heare that this Gallery is since finished And the hall ioining this gallery with the Pallace doth passe the stately building of the rest of the Pallace being beautified with many stones of marble and of porphery I say that this Gallery leads from the Pallace ouer the wals of the City and the ditch thereof being neere the riuer and so full of water and after being supported with two or three Arches reacheth to the same garden and all the way without the wals from the Pallace to the said Garden being compassed with wals on both sides this gallery the Garden seemes to be so much increased On the left hand as you come into the foresaid new Gate lies the Tower Luparia Alencon house Burbon house the Coyning house and vpon the right hand the chiefe Coyning house lying vpon the Riuer Seyne To conclude of the streetes of this part of the Citie called Ville the chiefe is S. Antoine the second of the Temple the third S. Martine the fourth S. Denys the fifth Mont Martre the sixth S. Honore all so named of their Gates and the seuenth Luparia vpon the banke of the Riuer Seyne And amongst all these the most faire are that of S. Antoine S. Denis S. Honorè and S. Martinè so called of their Gates A. E. G. D. The second part of the Citie called the Vniuersitie hath the Riuer Seyne on the East and North-sides and is compassed with walles on the South and West sides and hath seuen Gates The first K Gate S. Victoire lies on the South side vpon the Riuer and hath his Suburbe with a stately Monastery And from the Hill adioyning to this Gate the Army of King Henrie the fourth besieging the Citie much pressed the same hauing their Cannon planted neere the Gallowes On the right hand as you come in towards the Riuer lie the Tower Nella the vpper the Colledge of the Cardinall the Colledge of the good boyes the Colledge and the Church of the Bernardines which Pope Benedict the twelfth built and the Cardinall of Telouse increased with a Libraty and with maintenance for sixteene Scholers to studie Diuinitie Also there lie the house of Lorayne the great Schooles of foure Nations the Market place for Riuer fish and the Castle and the little bridge which the Prouost of Paris built to restraine the Schollers walking by night in the time of King Charles the fifth The second gate is called L the Porte of Marcellus or of the Stewes and it hath a Suburbe where in the Church of Saint Marcellus Bishop of Paris and canonized for a Saint which Rowland Count of Blois nephew to Charles the Great did build Peter Lombardiu Bishop of Paris was buried in the yeere 1164 and behinde the great Altar in a window is the Image of Charles the Great On the right hand as you enter the said Port by the Mount of S. Genouefa lie the Colledge Turnonium the Colledge Bonae Curiae the Colledge of the Dutch the Colledge of Navarra the Colledge Marchieum and the Colledge Laudunense and on the left hand the Colledge of the Lombards the Colledge Prellaum famous for Peter Ramus who was Master of that Colledge was there killed in the massacre The third Gate of M S Iames lyes on the South-west side where King Francis the first built a fort without this Gate is a suburb in which is a Church yard of the Monastery of Saint Marie at the very entrie whereof is a most ancient Image of the Virgin painted with gold and siluer with an inscription vpon it In the streete of Saint Iames the Iesuites had their Colledges till for their wicked acts they were banished the Citie and Kingdome And since their restitution I thinke they now enioy the same On the right hand as you enter this Gate lie the Colledge Lexouiense the Colledge of Saint Michael or Cenate the Colledge Montis Acuti which built in the yeere 1490 maintaines certaine poore Scholers called Capeti the Colledge of S. Barbera the Colledge of Rheines the schoole of Decrees the Colledge Bellouaccuse the Colledge Triqueticum the Colledge Cameracense and the Colledge Carnouallense On the left hand lie the Colledge of the bald men the Colledge of Sorbona which Robert of Sorbona a Diuine and familiar with King Saint Lewis did institute and the same in processe of time became of great authority in determining questions of Diuinity the Colledge of Master Geruasius a Christian the Colledge Plexourense and the Colledge Marmontense The fourth N Gate of the vniuersity is called Port Michaell where Francis the first built a Fort and before the gate is a Monastery of the Carthusians where a statua of blacke marble is erected to Peter Nauareus and there be two statuaes of white marble without any inscription On the right hand as you enter this gate lie the
was onely proper to the place at which we landed where they make salt till many Ilanders affirmed to me that the very earth the sweet hearbs the beasts feeding there and the fountaines of waters had a naturall saltnes The houses are built after the manner of Asia of a little stone one roofe high and plaine in the top which is plastered and there they eate and sleepe in the open aire By the assistance of a Venetian Merchant seuen of vs hired a ship of a Greeke dwelling in Cyprus for twenty eight zechines to Ioppa now called Iaffa or Giaffa with condition that he should stay at Ioppa fifteene dayes to expect our returne from Ierusalem and should thence carry vs to Tripoli in Syria The most part of these zechines wee left in the hand of the Venetian Merchant to be deliuered to the Master of this ship at his returne if he brought our testimonie vnder our hands that hee had performed all couenants with vs for wee also conditioned with him that hee should stay longer then fifteene dayes at Ioppa if neede were for our returne we paying him a zechine for euery day aboue fifteene which he should stay there for vs. We might haue hired a ship or Barke for ten zechines directly to Ioppa without these conditions of staying there and carrying vs to Tripoli And because the Turkish Gouernors of Cities vse to impose great tributes vpon Christians driuen into their Hauens somtimes by tricks of fraude to bring them in danger of life onely to spoile them of their money some of our Consorts would haue added another condition that the Master should not carrie vs to any Port but that of Ioppa had not the rest iudged it vnreasonable to tie him for performance of that which was onely in the power of God according to the windes which might force him to take harbor My selfe did familiarly know an English Gentleman who shortly after comming to Scanderona and there taking ship to passe by this shoare to Ioppa and so to Ierusalem if an honest man had not forewarned him had by the treason of a Ianizare in the way bin sold for a slaue to the inland Turks whence he was like neuer to be redeemed being farre remoued from Christians who onely trade vpon the Coasts And he was so terrified with this danger as he returned into England without seeing Ierusalem to which he had then a short iourney only carrying with him a counterfet testimonie and seale that he had been there because he had put out much money vpon his returne I formerly said that we lodged at Cyprus in a Monastery whence being now to depart the Friers of our company and also the Lay-men gaue each of vs eight lires of Venice to the Guardian of the Monastery and one lire to the Frier that attended vs in the name of gift or almes but indeede for three dayes lodging and dyet Vpon Friday the twentie foure of May we seuen Consorts namely two Franciscan Friers one Erimitane Frier and two Lay men all Frenchmen and my selfe and my brother hired a boat in the Hauen for foure lires of Venice to carrie vs to the Cyprian Barke we had hired and we carried with vs for our food a cheese costing foure Aspers a Iarre of Oyle costing sixe Aspers and a vessell of Wine called Cuso somewhat bigger then an English barrell and full of rich Wine but such as fretted our very intrals costing one Zechine and foure soldi of Venice and two Turkish aspers and egges costing twenty three aspers beside Bisket which we brought out of the Greeke ship In twilight for the nights vse not here to be darke we set saile and were forced to goe backe towards the West along the shoare of Cyprus to the Promontory called Capo di Gatti that is the Cape of Cats that we might from thence according to the Marriners experience fetch a faire winde So we sailed that euening thirtie miles of Italy I meane and the next day twentie miles to a Village of Cyprus called Lemisso where Christians ships vse to put in Here we cast anchor all the six twentie day of May expected a winde which we got at midnight following Ioppa is no more then two hundred fiftie miles from Cyprus and may easily be run in two nights and a daies saile with a faire winde yet how soeuer the wind was most fauourable to vs wee could see no land till Wednesday thetwenty nine of May at which time we found our selues by the ignorance of the Marriners to be vpon the Coast of Egypt neere the Citie Damiata which we might see seated vpon the banke of Nilus and they said it was some sixe miles from the Sea Now our Marriners seeing the shoare knew better to direct our sayling and the night following we lay at anchor neere this shoare Vpon Thursday we coasted the land of the Philistines and first did plainely see the Citie Gaza and after thirtie miles sayle the Citie Ascolon neere which we cast anchor for that night Vpon Friday being the last of May after two miles saile we entered the Hauen of Ioppa From hence we sent a messenger hired for fourteene meidines to the Subasha of Ramma intreating him that he would giue vs leaue to passe to Ierusalem and send vs a souldier to protect vs. The foresaid shore of the Philistines seemed to be a wild narrow and sandy plaine neere the sea with mountaines pleasant and fruitfull towards the East vpon Palestine The City of Ioppa mentioned in the scriptures had some ruines of wals standing which shewed the old circuit thereof but had not so much as any ruines of houses onely we did see the exactors of tribute come out of two ruinous Towers and some ragged Arabians and Turkes lying with their goods within certaine caues who also slept there or in the open aire These goods are daily carried hither and from hence vpon the backs of Cammels whereof we might see many droues laded both come and goe For this cause we would not land but thought better to lie in our shippe especially since the place affoorded no entertainment for strangers and our Mariners brought vs egges and fruites and we had with vs wine and bisket which notwithstanding we did hide left the Arabians or Turkes should take it from vs if they came to our Barke The Hauen is of little compasse but safe for small Barkes and was of old compassed with a bricke wall the ruines whereof still defend it from the waues of the sea The situation of Ioppa is pleasant vpon a hill declining towards the sea and the fields are fertile but were then vntilled Here the Prophet Ionas did take ship as it were to flie from God and the Machabei as appeares in the first booke and twelfth chapter here burnt the ships and the Apostle Peter lodging in the house of Simon was taught the conuersion of the Gentiles by a vision and here he raised vp Tabitha from death as the
Holy Scriptures witnes Vpon Munday the third of Iune at nine of the clocke in the morning the Subasha of Ramma sent vs a Horseman or Lancyer to guide vs and with him came the Atalla that is interpreter whom the Italians call Drogomano who was a Maronite Christian that vsed to guide strangers They brought vs Asses to ride vpon which they vse there in stead of Horses excepting onely the souldiers and with them came a Muccaro so they call those that hier out Asses Mules or Cammels We presently landed about noone and when my brother leaped vpon land and according to the manner bended downe to kisse it by chance he fell and voided much blood at the nose and howsoeuer this be a superstitious signe of ill yet the euent was to vs tragicall by his death shortly after happening Here for our carriage namely our shirts for the rest we had left in the Barke we iointly paid fiue meydines for cafar that is Tribute and the Officers of Ioppa extorted from each of vs for his person halfe a Spanish Reale neither would they be pleased till each of vs gaue them two meydines in gift Then we iointly gaue fixe meydines to our Muccaro for his dinner and fiue of free gift Our Asses had pannels in stead of saddles ropes for bridles and ropes laid crosse the pannels and knotted at the ends in stead of stirrups The same Monday in the afternoone we rode ten miles to Ramma through a most pleasant plaine yeelding time and hysope and other fragrant herbes without tillage or planting growing so high as they came to the knees of our Asses By the way on our left hand not farre out of the high way lay the ruines of the City Lydda where Saint Peter cured one sicke of the palsie and Saint George is said to haue suffered martyrdome and that his head is yet kept in a Greeke Church We also passed by a Village hauing a moschee or Turkish Church and being full of pleasant Orchards of Figge-trees Oliue-trees Pome-granates bearing buds of flesh colour and being like a Barbery tree by little and little couered with a greene rinde and many kinds of fruites the abundance whereof in these parts we might easily guesse when wee bought in the Port of Ioppa more then a thousand Abricots for six Aspers at which time left we should surfet on such daintaies the vntemperate eating whereof we had read to haue often killed many Europeans we durst not eate them raw but Iod the most part of them Now vpon the third of Iune they had almost gathered in their Haruest and all the fields were full of Cotten growing like Cabbage two foote high and yeelding a round Apple out of which they gather the Cotten This Cotten is sowed in April and gathered in September and great quantity thereof is carried from hence into Europe At Ramma we were brought into a house where Pilgrimes vse to be lodged and it was of old great strong but at this time more fit to lodge beasts then men Some say it was the House of Ioseph of Arimathia others say it was Nicodemus his house and there was a fountaine of water and a Court yard to walke in but the roomes were full of dust and we hardly got straw to lie vpon There were yet some marbles and ruines of building that shewed it to haue beene a faire house The Maronite Christians brought vs victuals and they sold vs a pound of bisket for sixe meidines twelue egs for one meidine a Cheese for one Rice for two some two English quarts of wine for fiue a salet for one and twelue Cakes they hauing no leauened bread for foure meidines We that were Lay-men gaue each of vs sixe Zechines and each of the Friars fiue into the hands of our Interpreter to be giuen to the Subasha for tribute or rather for our safe conduct I know that fauour is done to Friars especially by these Ministers belonging to Monasteries and we committed the ordering of our expences to one of the Franciscan Friars who had best experience so as it may be the Interpreter restored to the Friars their money or part of it but I am sure these my eies did see them pay so much One in the name of the Subasha brought vs for a present some flaggons of a medicinall drinke made of cooling hearbes and sold in the Tauernes as we sell wine We iointly gaue fiue meidines to a watch-man appointed to keepe our doore and protect vs from wrong who being a man of very great stature was called Goliah and he walked all night at our gate where he did sing or rather houle with his hoarce voice continually Some write that there is onely due one Zechine to the Subasha another to the Captaine of the Arabians and twenty fiue meidines for Cafar or Tribute and half a Zechine to the Muccaro who let out their Asses to Pilgrimes and that the guide deceiues the Christians of all the rest I am sure that the guide being of experience deliuers the Christians from many iniuries offered them by the Arabians and others for which fauour they cannot sufficiently require him and if any deale sparingly with him he complaines of them to the Guardian of the Monastery at Ierusalem who neuer suffers him to be sent away discontented neither wants he power himselfe to deceiue the Christians at his pleasure if he beare that mind At Ramma we iointly gaue one Zechine to our Muccaro of whom we hired our Asses And the fourth of Iune hauing him onely to conduct vs we tooke our ioutney before day towards Ierusalem being thirty miles distant I meane of Italy As we rode before day our Muccaro warned vs to be silent lest we should waken the Arabians Turkes or Thecues who then slept and were like if they awaked to offer vs violence or at least to extort some money from vs. The Arabians are not vnlike the wild Irish for they are subiect to the great Turke yet being poore and farre distant from his imperiall seat they cannot be brought to due obedience much lesse to abstaine from robberies After we had rode ten miles we did see vpon a hill not farre distant on our right hand the ruines of the House or Pallace of the good Thiefe crucified with our Sauiour which ruines yet remaine and shew that the house was of old stately built as if he had beene a man of some dignity banished for robbing of passengers and when he was brought to the Magistrates hand had beene condemned to death for the same From hence to the very City of Ierusalem the Mountaines or Rockes doe continually rise higher and higher till you come to the City our way hitherto hauing beene in a pleasant plaine rich in corne and pasture These mountaines which we after passed seemed stony and barren but yeelded fragrant hearbes and excellent corne growing betweene the great stones and some vallies were pleasant as the vally of hieromia as I thinke
they were a free State and the building is not vnlike to the Italian Castles It was now kept by a Turkish Agha and Garrison hauing great store of short Iron Ordinance of a huge boare lying at the Gate for terrour of the people I remember that when wee walked after Sunne set vpon the top of the Latine Monastery as those of Asia walke vpon their houses this Agha sent a souldier to vs commanding vs to goe from beholding the Castle or else he would shoote at vs whom we presently obeyed Thus they suspect Christians and suffer them not to enter this Citie with Armes but narrowly search their baggage 3 The Gate of Ioppa Zaffa or Griaffa in some sort fortified where for terrour to the Christians they haue planted some Ordinance for the other Gates haue none neither are fortified at all and all the Christians enter at this Gate 4 The Gate of Mount Sion no whit fortified and newly built as it seemes by the Turkes as also that of Ioppa is 5 The ruines of the house or Pallace of the High Priest Caiphas where they shew a place with a pillar vpon which the Cock crowed when Peter denied Christ and a place where the fire was made at which Peter warmed himselfe and a tree in the place where he denied Christ finally a narrow prison in which Christ was shut vp till the day brake and so he was led to Pilate And the Sect of the Armenian Christians keepes this monument 6 The old Monasterie of the Latine Christians called il Santo Cenacolo which the Turkes haue taken from the Christians and turned to a Mahumetan Mosche or Church and no Christian may enter this place kept by the Santons or Turkish Priests except he will giue an vnreasonable reward which giuen yet he is not free from danger if other Turkes see him enter Here Christ did wash his Apostles feete did eate his last Supper with them did appeare to them after his Resurrection the doores being shut and againe after eight dayes appeared to Thomas doubting Here the holy Ghost descended vpon the Apostles and the Apostle Matthew was chosen by lot The Italian Monastery noted with the figure 33 hath all these representations painted and to these pictures the Pope hath giuen as large indulgences for Papists as if they had seene the other places from which the Turkes keepe them as vnwashed dogges The Sepulcher of Dauid is not sarre from this place kept by the Turkes forbidding entrie to the Christians And here they shew the ruines of the Tower of Dauid or of his Pallace on the South side of the Church-yard giuen to Christians of Europe for buriall in the same place where Dauid of old droue out the Iebuzites In like sort on the South side of this old Monastery is the place where they say the Virgin Mary died 7 Here they shew a place where the Iewes stroue in vaine to take the body of the Virgin Mary from the hands of the Apostles as they carried it to be buried in the Valley of Iehosophat 8 The Caue wherein they say Peter vsed to bewaile the denying of Christ. 9 Here they say the Apostles hid themselues whilst Christ suffered on the Crosse. 10 Here they shew the field Acheldamus bought by the Iewes for a buriall place with the thirtie pence Iudas brought back to them And here looking into a huge caue of the Mountaine we did see infinite whole bodies imbalmed of dead men and standing vpright And this place is giuen for buriall to the Christians of Asia 11 the Gate Sterquilinea at which the filth of the Citie is carried out and cast into the Brooke Cedron And Christ betraied by Iudas was brought into the Citie by this Gate as they say which Gate is old and nothing lesse then fortified 12 The Gate by which the Virgin Marie entring into the outer Temple is said to haue offered Christ then an Infant to the hands of Simion which Gate they say in honour of our Redeemer was shut vp by the Christian Kings and so remaines to this day 13 The outer Temple where they say Christ was exhibited to Simion and the Italians call it the Temple of the Presentation 14 In this large circuit compassed all with walles of old the Temple of Salomon stood At this day it was ouer-growne with grasse and in the middest thereof the Turkes had a Mosche for their wicked worship of Mahomet neither may any Christian come within this circuit much lesse into the Mosche either being a capitall offence which they say some curious Christians had tried with losse of life after they had been drawne to enter into it by some Turkes vaine promises 15 The golden Gate at which Christ entered on Palme-Sunday shut vp by the Christian Kings and so remaining 16 Probatica Piscina without the Gate of the Temple where the Angell troubling the waters the first diseased man that entred them was healed It was at this time dried vp 17 The beautifull Gate where Peter and Iohn made the man walke who was lame from his mothers wombe 18 Salomons house of old hauing a Gate leading into the Temple and it is now inhabited by the Turkish Cady who hath an Episcopall office Here I did see pleasant Fountaines of waters and did looke into the circuit where the Temple stood through an Iron grate when the said Magistrate called vs before him And I remember we were bidden put off our shooes before we entred in to him where hee sat vpon a Carpet spread vpon the ground with his legges crossed like a Tailor and his shooes of as the Turkes vse 19 This Gate of old had the name of the Droues of cattell brought in for sacrifices but at this day is called the Gate of Saint Stephen because the Iewes drew out that Protomartyr by this Gate and so stoned him 20 Heere they say was the house of Anna wherein shee bare the Virgin Marie 21 The Gate of Damasco of old called the Gate of Ephraim 22 The house of Pontius Pilate in which the Turkish Sangiaco who is the military Gouernour of the City and Prouince did then dwell so as no Christian might come into the house without giuing a reward The Fryars say that in this house are heard noises whippings and sighes nightly to this very time and each man the more superstitious he is the more incredible things he tels thereof They say that the staires vpon which Christ ascended when he was brought to Pilate were long since carried to Rome and these be the staires which I said the Romans call Holy vulgarly Scale Sante and doe worship with great superstition They be of marble but for my part let euery man beleeue as he list whither they were brought from thence and be the same staires that Christ ascended or not Onely I am sure that here they shew the place void in the very streete where staires haue beene of old yet must I needs say that marble staires ill befit the poore building
pressed them to confesse their sinnes and so to receiue the Lords Supper which when they refused to doe it was apparant to the Friars that they were of the reformed Religion whom they terme heretikes Whereupon the Friars beganne to neglect them I will not say to hate them and while the two which were wounded staied for recouery of their health and so detained the other two with them it happened that the third fell sicke So as none had their health now but Master Verseline who louingly and like a seruant more then a friend prouided all necessaries for his companion Master Bacon till at last himselfe also fell sicke and was the first of them that died Then within eight daies space all the rest died either for that they were neglected by the Friers which I thinke sufficient in that Countrey to cast away any in their case or by their too much care namely by poison as some suspect for the Friars haue one of their order who is skilfull in physicke and hath a chamber furnished with cooling waters sirops and other medicines most fit for that Countrey When they were dead the Friars gaue into the Turkes hands the bodies of the two Flemmings and Master Verseline who had little store of crownes which belonged to the great Turke as heire to all strangers and the Turkes permitted them to be buried vpon Mount Syon without the wals in the Church yard proper to the Christians of Europe But Master Bacon ouerliuing the rest and now seeing his life to depend vpon the Friars care of him shewed a Nouice Friar long bracelets of peeces of gold twined about his arme and promising to giue them all to him and greater rewards if he would goe with him into England so as he would take care of him in his sickenesse he had perswaded the young Friar to goe with him into England and to promise him faithfull seruice there yet when this Nouice at his confession made this knowne and after verified as much to the Guardian and chiefe Friars I know not whether the hope of this booty made him die sooner but I am sure he liued very few daies after And giue me leaue to tell the truth these Friars either to gaine his money which was due to the Great Turke or for feare that inquisition should be made by the Turkes after the cause of his death appearing by manifest signes vpon his body as others suspected and reported I say these Friers buried this Gentleman in a yard of their Monastery secretly which if the Great Turke or any of his Magistrates had knowne no doubt they would gladly haue taken this occasion to extort much money from the Frires since by the like forged accusations they vse sometimes to oppresse them the very Turkes hauing at other times themselues buried dead bodies within the circuit of the Monastery and after caused them to be digged vp as if they had beene casually found and then crying that their Ottoman was deceiued put the Friars to pay large ransomes for redeeming of their liues And let no man wonder that these hungry Gouernours of Cities and Prouinces in Turkey should vse like frauds to intrap Christians as they doe very frequently since they buy their Offices and many times are recalled before they be warme in their seats if any man at Constantinople offer larger summes for their imployment So as this one Prouince of Palestine and one City of Ierusalem though hauing small or no trafficke hath had in one yeeres space foure Zaniacci the old being recalled to Constantinople assoone as his successour had outbribed him there And this is one of the greatest mischiefes in this Empire since starueling flies sucke much more then those that are fully gorged The foresaid Zaniacco is chiefe Gouernour for military and ciuill affaires of all Pallestine and lies at Ierusalem in the house of Pontius Pilate His Substitute or Liefetenant is called Catake who cast one of our consorts for a time into prison because he complained of the Turkish exactions and his owne pouerty The third Magistrate is called Cady who gouernes Ecclesiastiall matters and dwelt in Salomons house as they call it at Ierusalem neere the yard of the old Temple of the Iewes in which now a Turkish Mosche was built and of this man we had our leaue to enter the City and to see the sepulcher and being called before him we were commanded to put off our shooes he sitting crosse leg'd like a Tailor on the ground vpon a Turkey Carpet The fourth Magistrate was called Agha who kept the Castle of Ierusalem and when we walked one euening on that part of the roofe of our Monastery whence we had the fairest prospect into the City he sent a messenger to command vs to retire from beholding the Castle or otherwise he would discharge a peece of Ordinance at vs. CHAP. III. Of our iourney from Ierusalem by land to Haleppo by Sea to Tripoli in Syria by land to Haleppo and Scanderona and of our passage by Sea to the Iland Candia VPon Friday the fourteenth of Iune in the yeere 1596 we went out of Ierusalem and by the same way and in the same manner as wee came rode backe to Ramma deliuering to our guide as many zechines as before to pay for the Turkish exactions and to our Muccari for their Asses which we had hired Neither did any memorable thing happen to vs by the way saue that when we came neere to Ramma and by chance rode ouer the place of buriall for the Turks where some women were then mourning for their dead friends they thinking it a reproch that we should ride ouer their graues did with inraged countenances fling stones at vs till wee appeased them by dismounting from our Asses The fifteenth of Iune we came backe to Ioppa where our guide gaue three meidines to a Ianizare that hee would beate with a cudgell certaine Arabians who had offered vs wrong by the way which hee did readily and roundly Then without delay we went aboard our little Greeke Barke which according to our bargaine at Cyprus staied here for our returne For the Master thereof was further tied to transport vs from hence to Tripoli in Syria neither had he yet receiued full paiment for transporting vs hither the money being left in Cyprus with an Italian Merchant who was to pay it him at his returne if hee brought a testimony vnder our hands that he had performed his bargaine to vs. This condition we made prouidently and by aduice of experienced men for otherwise the Master of our Barke vpon any profitable occasion would haue left this port before our returne from Ierusalem and wee should hardly haue found another Barke here in a place not much frequented with ships Besides that the restraint of the money not to be payed but vpon a testimony brought vnder our hands was a good caution that he should not vse vs ill nor any way betray vs. The sixteenth of Iune vpon
brother to the Lord Deputies wife and Robert Turnour Seriant Mastor of the Army and two foster brethren to Henry 〈◊〉 of Kildare who with his troope of Horse valiantly serued vpon the Rebell and tooke the death of his foster brethren so to heart after the education of the Irish as he shortly after died Many also were wounded among whom Thomas Walker was of chiefe name When the Lord Deputy first resolued to draw vp to Blackewater he sent directions to Sir Conyers Clifford to come vp with the Connaght forces by the way of Ballyshainnon and to meete him there which he in like sort attempted but being ouer matched by the Rebels lying in his way could not peirce so farre but was forced to retire and by that retreat wonne great reputation to himselfe and the men vnder him for hauing with him some sixe or seuen hundred foote onely of which part was of the old Britan Souldiers and being assayled by more then 2000. Rebels during thirty miles march he valiantly repelled them and safely retired to the garrison The Lord Deputy leaning the Fort at the Blacke-water well guarded to the charge of Captaine Thomas Williams withdrew the Forces towards the Pale Now the Rubels tossed betweene hope feare and shame resolued to besiege the Fort and Tyrone thought his reputation lost if he recouered it not and so with ioynt force they compassed and assay led the same Whereof the Lord Deputy being aduertised with all possible expedition gathered the forces to leade them to the reliefe of that fort and the Rebels hearing of his Lordships approach quitted the siege of the Fort and retired into their strengths Whereupon the Lord Deputy marched forward and hauing passed the Blackwater Fort and purposing to enter and passe the pace leading to Dungannon Tyrones chiefe House he fel suddenly sicke and being carried backe in his horse litter to Armagh and thence to the Newry died in the way to the great ioy of the Rebels deiected with his sharpe prosecution and bold aduentures and to the no lesse griefe of the English erected with hope of good successe Howsoeuer many of good iudgement held his purpose of passing to Dungannon very dangerous and altogether fruitlesse since no garrisons being planted to gaine ground no other issue could be hoped in the best euent then a bragge of courage in passing to Tyrones cheefe feate which no other Deputy had yet attempted And as they greatly commended the Lord Deputies valour in these actions so they feared the ingaging and losse of the Queenes Army by this or some like bold attempt After his death Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President of Mounster was vnder the great seale of Ireland prouisionally made Lord Iustice of the Kingdome as the customeis in such sudden changes who repaired to Dublin and there executed his place for one month as I thinke of September and no longer for he being sick cast down in minde by the great sorrow he had conceiued for the late death of his worthy brother made great suite to the Queene and the Lords in England to be eased of this burthen of being Lord Iustice and to haue leaue to retire himselfe to his gouernement of the Prouince of Mounster And so Adam Loftus Lord Chauncellor of Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland by letters out of England the thirteene of October were made Lords Iustices for the ciuell gouernement and the Earle of Ormond with title of Lord Liefetenant of the Army was authorized to command in cheefe for all martiall affayres Tyrone after his old custome flies vnto the Lord Lieftenant with protestations of loyalty and complaines of wrongs inforcing his disloiall courses which his Lordship aduertising into England receiued authority from thence to treat with Tyrone about his submission hauing Sir Geffery Fenton Secretary of Ireland ioyned with him for an assistant Hereupon ensued a meeting at Dundalke on the 22 of December where Tyrone made his most humble submission in writing acknowledging her Maiesties great mercie in giuing him and his Associates their pardons vpon former submissions and vpon the knees of his heart as he writes professed most heartie penitencie for his disloialtie and especially his foule relopses thereinto humbly befeeching the Lord Lieutenant to be a meanes to her sacred Maiestie for his pardon withall making knowne his grieuances which how soever they could not iustifie his offence yet might in some measure qualifie the 〈◊〉 thereof And till these might be booked to be sent ouer with his Submission most humbly crauing of his Lordship to grant a truce or cessation of Armes for eight weeks following And further to the end it might appeare that his submission proceeded from his heart promising that for the time of this cessation there should be no impediment giuen to her Maiesties Ministers bringing victuals to Blackwater Fort yea that for a poore token of his humblest duty hee would voluntarily giue to the hands of the Captaine fortie Beeues and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch in wood or any other prouisions For his performance whereof hee offered presently to giue Pledges to his Lordship The same day hee subscribed the following articles propounded to him by the Lord Lieutenant First he promiseth for him and his associates faithfully to keepe her Maiesties Peace during the cessation Secondly that hee will presently recall all Vlster men sent by him into Lemster leauing those who should not obay his directions to the Lord Lieutenants discretion Thirdly it any during the Truce shall breake into Rebellion he promiseth not to aide them so as none depending on his Truce be in the meanetime taken in by the State without his consent Fourthly he agreeth to a generall Liberty of buying necessaries for his men in the Pale and for the Queenes subiects in Vlster and nothing to be forceably taken on either side Fiftly that vpon pretended wrongs no reuenge be taken but restitution be made within ten dayes after complaint Sixthly that during the Truce hee shall haue no intelligence with the King of Spaine or other forraine Prince but acquaint the State with any message hee shall receiue or proiect he shall heare Seuenthly that he shall presently draw a booke of his grieuances such as he can proue without mention of friuolous matters vnworthie her sacred Maiesties view Eightly that he will deliuer into the Fortforty Beeues and giue safe conduct to her Maiesties Ministers to vittaile the said Fort of Blackwater and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch wood on the South-side of Armagh and for all other necessaries permit them to agree with the owners so as they come not of themselues into his Countrie but haue his men with them in company Ninthly that any prey being tracked into his Countrie he shall make restitution and deliuer the theeues to be executed and if any be stopped from following of his track the stopper shall answere the goods so tracked which course the Lord
the Butlers declared themselues for Tyrone as soone as Loughfoyle Garrison was planted at his backe his Lordship doubted not to be able to meete the Lord President in Kilkenny and with their ioynt Forces to subdue the Rebels and set those parts in obedience At this time the Fort of Phillipstown in Ophaley otherwise called the Kings County was to be victualed and Ony Mac Rory with the O Mores in Leax together with the O Conners in Ophaly bragged that the Queenes forces should not be able to victuall it Now by the emulation of one of our chiefe Commanders against another preferred before him and strengthened by the Court factions of England the said Commander had set out some weake Companies for this seruice to be led by the other as in preheminence of his place but a neere friend to the Lord Deputie conceiuing how much this first actions successe might adde reputation or giue a blemish both to his Lordship and the Army gaue notice thereof so as his Lordship offering the same Commander the leading of those Companies he refusing to goe with them manifested the suspected emulation Whereupon his Lordship caused foureteene strong Companies to be allotted and gaue the command of them in chiefe to Sir Oliuer Lambert who conducted the victuals and led the men with such iudgement and valour as being strongly fought with at the comming off and especially at the going on yet they performed the seruice with great losse and discouragement to those proud Rebels and the fifteenth of Aprill his Lordship aduertised Master Secretary of this good seruice The thirtieth of Aprill the Earle of Ormond sent to the Lord Deputie from the Woods the conditions Ony Mac Rory demaunded vnder his owne hand for his liberty which till then he could not get because Ony staied for Tyrones and his confederate aduice adding a postscript of his Lordships owne hand that the letter was brought to him ready written neither was he allowed any man of his owne to write for him The insolent demaunds were these First that her Maiesties forces should bee remoued from Leax and the Garrisons deliuered to Oney Mac Roryes hands Secondly that pledges should be deliuered him for caution that no garisons shuld euer be planted there which done Ony and his followers would submit themselues Thirdly if pledges were not giuen then the Garrisons also in Ophaly should be remoued and euery man left to shift for himselfe The postscript required that vpon such pledges deliuered a generall protection for sixe weeks should be sent to Onye Mac Rorye and all his friends in Lemster whereupon answere should be returned who desired the benefit thereof but during the said time of the protection no forces of her Maiesties should bee sent against their confederates in Vlster and the North. The 5 of May the L. Deputie drew into the North parts to make Tyrone look towards him so to giue better facility to our men to settle themselues in garrison at Loughfoyle But before his departure from Dublin for the better gouerning defending the Pale his Lr. did by cōmission leaue Sir H. Poore to commaund in all martiall affaires and some of the Counsell to gouerne Ciuill matters during his absence And staying some few daies at Tredagh for the Companies which had victualed Phillipston and for the Garrisons of Kels and Ardee as also for victuals he marched to Dundalke whence taking that Garrison also with him he passed the pace of the Moyry on Whitsunday morning and so came to the Newry where hee vnderstood that according to his opinion Tyrone turning his forces from Loughsoyle was come in great haste to Dungannon had razed the old Fort of Blackwater burned Armagh and had drawne his men into the strong fastnes of Loughlurken where with great industrie the rebels had made trenches and fortified the place some three miles in length His Lordship to the former end aduancing towards him on the 16 of May drew out of the Newrie and incamped in the way towards Armagh with 1500 foote and some 200 horse And there hauing notice that the rebels inquired after the time when the Earle of Southampton and Sir Oliuer Lambert Sergeant Maior were to come to the Army and with all hearing that the said Earle and Sergeant Maior were that day arriued at Dundalke His Lordship earely in the morning on the 17 of May sent Captaine Edward Blany with 500 foot and 50 horse to secure their passage through the pace of the Moyrye who marched from the Campe and so through the Moyrye to the Faghard from which hill to Dundalke there was no danger There he made a stand and leauing his foot in two squadrons of 250 each himselfe with the horse passed to Dundalke and told the Earle of the forces the Lord Deputy had sent to conduct him assuring him further that his Lordship with the rest of the Army would meete him by two of the clock in the afternoone at the causey beyond the pace from which the whole pace hath the name of the Moyrye Hereupon the Earle hauing with him besides this conuoy the foot Companies of Sir Oliuer Lambert and Sir Henry Follyot and some 50 horse of voluntary Gentlemen marched to the Faghard where hee commanded one of the two squadrons aboue mentioned to march on and after that the carriages then his Lordship with the horse followed after whom the second squadron marched and last of all the two foot Companies of Sir Oliuer Lambert and Sir Henry Follyot Captaine Blany commanding the vanguard aduanced towards the Foure-milewater being a Forde all inuironed with Woods in the middest of this dangerous pace called the Moyrye And comming within halfe a mile of the same they discouered the rebels on both sides in the Wood whereupon the Earle directed the Vanguard to passe ouer the water and to make good the rising of the hill beyond it When these came within a Musket shot they perceiued two hundred foote of the enemie lodged beyond the water in the most aduantagious places Then Captaine Blany diuided his men into three Maniples sending 60 on the right hand vnder Captaine Henrie Atherton and as many on the left hand vnder Captaine Williams his Lieutenant and keeping the rest in the middest with himselfe And so by the Sergeant Maiors direrections they gaue the charge In the meane time the Lord Deputy being on the hill beyond the pace had sent his Vanguard consisting of two Regements the one vnder Sir Charles Percy and the other vnder Sir Richard Moryson two Colonels of the Army to aduance towards the pace And at this instant when Captaine Blany gaue on vpon the Rebels the said Lord Deputies vanguard appeared on the left side within two musket shot After some vollyes on either side the Rebels on the right hand and those right before Captaine Blany quitted those places and retired through the woods to the Earle of Southamptons Reare so as Captain Blany passing the water made a stand there as he
was appointed to doe till the carriage and horse should be passed And now the Lord Deputies Vanguard being come to the passage of the said water maintained a resolure skermish with the Rebels on the left hand and altogether secured the Earles troopes on that side Therebels thus beaten on both sides left some one hundred shot to skirmish with the Lord Deputies vanguard and all retired to the Earle of Southamptons reare and came desperatly on our men both with horse and foot But Sir Henry Follyot made a very good stand and Sir Oliuer Lambert fearing left our men should be distressed the more to incourage them tooke his colours in his owne hand and together with some 30 of the Earle of Southamptons Vangards best men sent back to the Rere hastened towards the Assaliants to second the Earle who at that time with some 6 horse did charge the assailing Rebels and beate them a musket shot back still pursuing them til they hauing spent their powder and throwne their staues darts and innumerable stones recouered the place where Tyrone stood himselfe with some 220 horse and 200 foote in sight besides a far greater number hid in the woods which neuer came vnto this fight When our men had thus gained much ground the Earle commaunded them to march towards the Army and presently Sir Richard Wingfeild the Marshal of the army of Ireland came to the with order from the L. Dep. that since the repulsed rebels were not like to giue any second charge they should continue their march following his L ps troopes directly to the Newry In this conflict 2 of our men were slaine Capt. Atherton and Mast. Cheut were shot and some few hurt with swords and such weapons On the rebels side there were in all 1200 foot thus aduantagiously lodged and 140 horse and Tirone himself confessed that ten of his men died with ouer-trauelling in this hasty march besides such as were killed whose number could not certainely be learned The 21 of May his Lp. was aduertised from Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour of Carickfergus that the English sent to plant at Loughsoyle were safely landed with small resistance and had taken Newcastle belonging to Sir Iohn Odogherty whose country they had spoiled wasted and that some of them sent forth vpon a draught had taken good store of cowes and killed some of Odonnels people and that they were now busie in fortifying about the Derric so as many of that country Southward did passe their cowes and moueables into Scotland depending specially vpon the hopes of Spanish succours That Brian Mac Art a rebel bordering on Carickfergus had left his fastnes of Kilultagh and now lay on the borders of Lecale where he purposed to assaile him the rather because he had sent 200 men to assist Tyrone that diuers Gentlemen and others did daily flie from the rebels and resort vnto him with their goods to the number of 1200 cowes and more would come but that he doubted their faithfulnes That to free himself of the imputation to keepe Iames Mac Surley an enemy till he had reuenged on him his brothers death he had imployed Colonell Egerton to inuite that rebell to submission but receiued onely temporising answeres whereupon according to his L ps directions hee had written and sent a messenger of purpose to the Lord of Clantyer an Ilander Scot to stirre him vp against Iames Mac Surley wrongfully possessing his rightfull inheritance in those parts of Ireland offering to ioyne the Queenes forces vnder his commaund to those powers he should bring for recouerie of this his right so as he would after yeeld due tribute and obedience to her Maiesty but that vpon the King of Scots late Proclamation that al bearing Armes should be ready to attend the King on the 17 of Iuly next following in prosecution of the Ilander Scots as was giuen out refusing to pay tribute he feared that this Lord would bee diuerted from imbracing this busines howsoeuer aduantageous to him That he had receiued Con Mac Neale the son of Neale Mac Brian and his horsemen into her Maiesties pay and would shortly waste his fathers Country whence Brian Mac Art and some 400 Bonnaghtes or hired souldiers were maintained and fed Finally that he thought fit to rebuild Olderfleete and leaue some in Ward there because the Hauen was commodious to succour weather-beaten ships going to supplie the Garrison of Loughfoyle with necessaries The 26 of May the Lord Deputie receiued a letter from the Lords in England with full answere to his late dispatches For the Earle of Ormonds detension they signified her Maiesties griefe to be the greater because any attempt made for his recouerie was like to proue his ruine and that her Maiestie had written to the Countefse to send the Earles young daughter and heire into England For Sir Arthur Oneales demaunds vpon his comming in to serue her Maiesty in the first point concerning religion her Maiesty bare with it because she took it to proceede of his ignorance not of presumption only wishing the L. Dep to let him see that her Maiesty pursued none in those parts for religion and so to satisfie him but in no wise by any contract or condition Next for his andothers suits for land and for entertainements because such ouertures were like daily to be made by such as submitted themselues and protraction of sending to and fro might lose many opportunities First touching the sutes for land her Maiesties directions in particular cases following should be a rule to the Lord Deputie for his graunts of that kind And first for Sir Arthur Oneales demaunding Tyrones estate that could not be granted him by reason Tyrone vpon pretence of an old inquisition had extended the limits of his Countrie and incroched far into the South and East But her Maiesty was pleased to giue him Tyrones principall seates reseruing places for forts and lands to maintaine them and reseruing all dependancy of the Vriaghtes or neighbour Lords also reseruing lands in Tyrone to reward the seruices of such Gentlemen as should serue vnder Sir Arthur in these warres which they should onely hold of her Maiestie by letters Patents For the rest Sir Arthur Oneale to be chiefe in Tyrone as well in superioritie as in reuenue Touching Neale Garues demaunds for O Donnels estate her Maiesties pleasure was to reserue some Portes and Castles and some lands to reward the seruices of that Countries Gentlemen intending that these and more specially the Mac Swynes should depend onely vpon her Maiestie and haue right to those lands by her letters Patents Touching Mac Guires Country her Maiestie directed like reseruations of land for Fortes and rewards of seruices and generally in all grantes charged to reserue her Maiesties ancient rights Secondly touching suitors for entertainements in pay her Maiestes pleasure was signified to allow one thousand pound a moneth so long as the Lord Deputy and the Counsel there should thinke fit to be imployed that way according to the
time collected out of the Lord Presidents letters The setling of peace in the yeere 1600. was interrupted by the allarum of a Spanish inuasion generally giuen in the beginning of this yeere 1601. And in the moneth of Aprill the Mounster Rebels which fledde the last yeere into Connaght and Vlster attempted againe to returne into Mounster hauing beene strengthened by Tyrone but the Lord President sent Captaine Flower with one thousand foote to the confines and these forces of Mounster on the one side and Sir Iohn Barkeley with the Connaght Forces on the other side so persued them as the same moneth they were forced to breake and returne into Vlster Florence mac Carty notwithstanding his protection had procured the sending of the said Rebels out of the North and besides many rebellious practices about this time laded a Barke with hides which should bring him munition from forraigne parts The Lord President ceased not to lay continuall plots to apprehend the ticulary Earle of Desmond hauing often driuen him out of his lurking dennes in which seruice the Lord Barry hauing a Company in her Maiesties pay did noble endeuours at last the Lord President vnderstanding that he lurked in the white Knights Countrey his Lordship did so exasperate him with feare of his owne danger as in the moneth of May he tooke him prisoner and brought him to Corke where hee was condemed for treason to intitle the Queene in his lands and for a time kept prisoner there In the moneth of Iune the Lord President receiued this gracious letter from the Queene written with her owne hand MY faithfull George If euer more seruice of worth were performed in shorter space then you haue done we are deceiued among many eye wituesses we haue receiued the fruit thereof and bid you faithfully credit that what so wit courage or care may do we truly find they haue all been throughly acted in all your charge And for the same beleeue that it shall neither be vnremembred nor vnrewarded and in meane while beleeue my helpe nor prayers shall neuer faile you Your Soueraigne that best regards you E. R. In the beginning of Iuly the Lord President aduertised the Lord Deputy that according to his directions hee would presently send into Connaght 1000 foot and fifty horse of the Mounster list though vpon good and fresh intelligences the arriuall of Spaniards was daily expected in that Prouince and the forces remaining with him were not sufficient to guard Kinsale Waterford Yoghall Killmalloch Lymricke and Cork the last whereof according to his Lordships directions he would haue care specially to strengthen That he had giuen the chiefe leader of the said forces Sir Fran. Barkely direction to return to him vpon his letter if her Maiesties seruice in his opinion should require it praying the Lord Deputy to allow of this direction since hee meant not to recall them but vpon sudden reuolt of the Prouincials or arriuall of Spaniards That the Prisoner vsurping the title of Earle of Desmond and many other euidences made manifest that the rebels of Vlster and especially the Spaniards did most relie vpon the helpe of the said prisoner Florence mac Carty which Florence though protected had assured them of his best aide and had preuailed in a Councell held in Vlster that the Spaniards should land at or neere Cork And that hereupon he the Lord President had apprehended Florence and sent him together with the said Earle Prisoner into England where they were safe in the Tower which being in time knowne to the Spaniards might perhaps diuert their inuasion of Ireland And no doubt the laying hand on these two Archrebels much aduanced her Maiesties seruice in the following inuasion whereby the Lord President deseruedly wonne great reputation Thus much I haue briefly noted to the time aboue mentioned when the Lord Deputy wrote to the Lord President to meet him on the confines of Mounster They meeting as I said at Laughlin rode together to Kilkenny where the twenty day of September they sate in Counsell with the Earle of Ormond and the rest of the Counsel with purpose so soone as they had resolued of the meetest course for the present seruice to returne to their seuerall places of charge But the same day newes came by post for Postes were newly established for the same purpose that a Spanish Fleet was discouered neere the old head of Kinsale whereupon they determined to stay there all the next day to haue more certain aduertisement therof The three twentith day another Post came from Sir Charles Willmot aduertising the Spanish Fleete to be come into the harbour of Kinsale and it was agreed in Counsell that the Lord President should returne to Corke and the Lord Deputy for countenancing of the seruice in Mounster should draw to Clommell and gather such forces as hee could presently to draw to Kinsale nothing doubting but that this forwardnesse howsoeuer otherwise the Army neither for numbers of men nor sufficiency of prouision was fit to vndertake such a taske would both couer their many defects from being spied by the Country and for a while at the least stop the currant of that generall defection of the Irish which was vehemently feared This was resolued in Counsell after the Lord President had giuen them comfort to find victuals and munition at Corke for at first they were not so much troubled to draw the forces thither as suddenly to bring victuals and munition thither for them But when they vnderstood that his Lordship had fed the souldiers all Summer by cesse and preserued her Maiesties store of victuals which they thought to be wasted they were exceeding ioyfull of this newes and not without iust desert highly commended the Lord Presidents prouident wisdome in the said most important seruice to the State The same day they wrote these letters to the Lords in England IT may please your Lordships The Spanish Fleete so long expected by the Rebels here is now in the harbour of Kinsale or Corke as it may appeare vnto your Lordships for a certainty by the copies of these inclosed letters from Sir Charles Wilmott and the Maior of Corke which is as much newes as we haue yet receiued so as we can not iudge whether this be the whole Fleete set out of Spaine or whether part thereof is comming after to them or bound for any other harbour onely we haue some reason to thinke the weather falling out of late exceeding stormy and tempestious that all the ships could very hardly keepe together and the report was the whole number were at least seuentie We are now to be earnest sutors to your Lordships to supply vs with all things needefull for so weighty an action and so speedily as possibly it may be The two thousand foote already as we conceiue at Chester we now desire may presently be lent to Waterford and neither to Carlingford nor Dublin as I the Deputie thought fittest in my last dispatch when I meant
another Regiment added to strengthen it drawne out of the first campe on the North side of the Towne where the Lord Deputy lodged the lot whereof fell to Sir Charles Wilmott That our trenches and Fort on the East side for the guarding of the cannon should be committed to the continuall guard of Captaine Blany and our Fort at the West gate to Captaine Ghest And that our battery should cease till those stormes of new Spanish supplies and the Irish Rebels drawing neere were ouer A Drumme was sent to the Towne to offer Don Iean liberty to bury his dead which message he receiued with due respect but prayed vs to burie them with promise to do the like for any of ours happening to fall in his power And because our Drum according to his direction expostulated with Don Iean that howsoeuer the Spanish prisoners were well vsed by vs yet his Lordship heard that one of our men taken in the last salley after he was hurt so long as he gaue himselfe out to be an Irish man was kept in the hospitall but after being discouered to be an Englishman was drawne out and killed For this cause Don Iean sent backe with him a Spanish Drum to the Lord Deputy intreating buriall for his dead with the foresaid promise to doe the like for ours and for the expostulation denying any such thing done to his knowledge with protestation to punish it highly if hee could discouer any such thing to haue been done The first his Lordship promised to doe as a Christian like act though he knew the inequalitie of the offer hauing so many of their bodies presently in his power For the second his Lordship rested satisfied yet his L p did further expostulate with the Drum that vpon our summons of the Towne after martiall manner they were not content to returne a resolute answere but added scandalous words terming vs meschini To which he answered protesting that the speech was ill deliuered by an harquebuzier who vndertooke to interpret it but could not doe it rightly His Lordship also excepted to a kind of challenge sent by Don Iean that the question betweene England and Spaine should be tried by combat betweene them two this triall being in neither of their powers by commission nor in Don Ieans will though hee had the power besides that the Councell of Trent forbad the Romanists to fight in Campo Stectuto or combat in the field so as this message was rather quarelsome then honourable which otherwise his Lordship protested to bee most willing to accept with thankes for the noble offer Lastly his Lordship remembred that at our first setting downe he sent a Drum to Don Iean with this message That whereas his Lordship vnderstood certaine Ladies and women to bee in the Towne he offered them before the playing of our Artillerie free leaue to depart or remaining there still to command any prouision for themselues which our campe afforded And that Don Iean made an vnciuill answere That he would not be his Baud. To these exceptions hee answered with a Spanish shrug of the shouldier as hauing no knowledge nor commission to satisfie his Lordship therein So his Lordship protested that all the courtesie offered hitherto by him proceeded out of that honourable respect which vseth to passe betweene honourable enemies and because he would euer be true to his owne Honour whatsoeuer others were to theirs But in case it were conceiued to proceede of any respect of the greatnes or power of the Spanish Nation or his owne feare that he would hereafter shew how much he disdained such ill interpretations of courtesie And so his Lordship dismissed the Drum This night the Spaniards attempted something by boats against our Sentinels but were soone beaten backe againe The fifth day Sir Richard Leuison though the wind hindered the going out of Kinsale Harbour yet with towing got out the Warspite the Defiance the Swiftsure the Marline one Merchant and a Caruill and with them went to seeke the Spanish Fleete newly arriued at Castlehauen The same day the foure Regiments aboue named did remoue to the new camping place as was determined the day before The sixth day at ten in the morning our Fleete arriued at Castle hauen and before foure in the after-noone one Spanish ship was sunke the Spanish Admirall with nine foote water in hold droue to the shore vpon the rocks the Vice-admirall with two others droue likewise a ground most of the Spaniards quitting their ships Our Fleete was forced to stay there the next day by contrary winds and the Spaniards hauing landed some Ordinance plaied vpon our ships all the day but the night following they warped out and the day after returned to Kinsale The sixt day likewise a Scottish Barke bringing soldiers from Spaine and being one of the Fleet newly ariued at Castlehauen but seuered from them at sea by storme came into the Harbour of Kinsale and put the Spaniards being fourescore into our hands who were brought to the campe and examined before the Lord Deputie Dauid High of Lieth Master and Owner of the Vnicorne examined laid vpon oath That he went from Waterford sixe weekes agoe with goods of Waterford for Rochel and so for Burdeaux but was driuen through foule weather and a leake into the Groyne where within an hower after hee was at Anchor his ship was arrested and himselfe taken by the Gouernour called Conde but after they had vnladen the Barke and taken away the sailes he was set at libertie That Siriago with a part of the Spanish Fleete sent for Ireland was then there and ready to embarke againe for Ireland hauing about one thousand foure hundred land souldiers placed in nine ships whereof this examinate was one the Admirall in which Syriago was being a Netherlander of one hundred fifty tunne or therabout the Vice-admirall a Flemming of one hundred twenty tunne or there abouts beside three French ships and three Scots and a Fliboat That they haue great prouisions of Powder Pioners tooles and twelue or 14 great Pieces mounted for the field That the seuen and twentieth of the last they set saile at Groine and had their directions as farre as this examinate vnderstands for Kinsale That before their departure from the Groyne one Iordan Roche of Kinsale bound for Burdeaux and from thence for South-Spaine comming to an anchor at the Groyne was there taken and forced in the Kings name to be a Pilot on this coast his ship being sent on her voiage by whom they vnderstood that the Castles of Ryncoran and Nyparke were taken which hee heard also by the report of a French man hee met at sea That aboard his ship there was imbarked about fourescore Spaniards and fiue or sixe women about fiue and twentie tunne of Bread and sixe Butts of wine whereof the most part was spent in beuerage but other munitions then the souldiers weapons they brought none aboard That Brittingdona is at Lisbone ready to transport two thousand souldiers more for
help of many garrisons taking half victuals and halfe money and that Beeues might be bought in euery Country with mixed money whereas the victuals in England were prouided with sterling money That concerning fortifications he knew her Maiesties pleasure praying him to commit that worke to such discreete and honest persons as her Maiestie might neither bee put to vnnecessarie charges nor deceiued in the disbursements That more then fortie thousand pounds had beene paied to Merchants in London for billes of exchange granted by the Treasurer to Irish Merchants for satisfying their debts due in London before the alteration of the standard which absurd course hee could neuer haue held if hee had giuen no Merchant any bill of exchange for any more money then hee could bring good proofe to haue disbursed or to owe for Merchandize brought into the Kingdome That whereas vpon his Lordships motion and the Captaines good liking her Maiesty had beene pleased to commit the apparelling of the souldier to them against which resolution now many reasons were produced their Lordships found further impediment in that three hundred pound imprest to each Captaine before hand was required and their sufficiency for the greater part to answere such a summe was so doubted as it was thought her Maiesties mony should runne a hazard whereas formerly the Contractors gaue her Maiesty time and besides put in good suretics to answere all desects Besides that it was feared the Captaines would either let the Souldier goe naked or fill their Companies with Irish who would require no apparell requiring to know his Lordships iudgement whether the old course were fitter to be cōtinued then this Lastly that they conceiued the King of Spaine had not fully abandoned his purposes for Ireland yet were aduertised that her Maiesties Fleetlying vpon that Coast made him for the present rather apply his Counsell to stand vpon defence esteeming it dangerous to put to Sea while her Maiesties ships were so ready to attend him so as they hoped his Lordship should not be interrupted by any forraigne power although no certainety could be giuen of such actions of Princes who hauing many designes and for them many preparations may change minds at their pleasures In the same Campe and the same eighth of Iuly the Lord Deputy receiued the following letter from Master Secretary Cecyll betweene whom a firme combination of loue or at least so firme as to such great persons is incident had long beene practised and now within few moneths had beene finally confirmed MY Lord if I were now to beginne the frame of our friendship I should be curious to fasten it with all the ten nailes that belong to Architecture because in the beginning men are curious to obserue Minutissima but I that know how straight the knots are tied of our affections by the mutuall offices of loue and confidence doe not tie my selfe to these complements which are held of great consequence but in vulgar and light friendships Let that argument serue therefore for excuse of my long silence because I iudge you by my own affections To speak of the subiect of the general dispatch in this my priuate letter were but impertinent seeing I haue ioined in the same yet seeing I write there as a Counsellour and here as a friend that hath bound himselfe by election and not by compulsion I will tell you my opinion sincerely of those things which are most material in the same first my Lord I do assure you that it is not in the compasse of my iudgement how to maintaine that Army at that height it is at longer then the time of prosecution without extreame preiudice of this estate whereof though you are not the efficient cause or Sine qua non yet I must confesse I had rather that lot might light vpon any other then vpon you because I would be loth your returne should not succeed a diminution thereof whereby you might receiue the thanks for that effect by which this State feeleth victory more then by any other consequence whatsoeuer For this purpose I must confesse I haue endeauoured to prepare her Maiesties mind to giue you the power of compounding with Rebels both because you draw the Sword which would best cut out the conditions of submission and because for a while they shall rather hope for then feele any forraigne succours For the Traitor himselfe what you haue you see and therefore I know that must be your warrant yet will I priuately say this vnto you that if her Maiesty had not the preiudice in her owne thoughts that he will insult when it comes to the vpshot and so her opening her selfe in offer of a pardon would returne vnto her a double scorne I am confidently perswaded that when you haue made triall and shall make it appeare that there is no other impediment then her Maiesties acceptation you shall receiue sufficient warrant for conclusion In the meane time lest you should say you are put to doe that which is tender to handle because my word can be no warrant or for that which is impossible to effect which is that he will trust his life in your hands by a personall submission first you haue warrant to trie it for receiuing him vpon condition of his life so as therein you may fashion your owne course as you list Secondly for the point of his not daring to trust the State for his personall comming in all other things but that may be digested and that doubt sent ouer hither whereby her Maiesty shall yet haue the honour of refusall if God doe so dispose her heart and not he which her Maiesty seeketh to auoid For the preparation in Spaine I can say no more then I haue done in the ioint dispatch onely the continuance of her Maiesties Fleete vpon the Coast and this breaking out of Byrones conspiracy in which Spaine hath giuen the French King occasion of offence may hinder any present inualions and so giue you more time then when Don Iean arriued it was resolued And thus haue I now of the publike affaires deliuered you as much as I know to be worthy of aduertisement My Lord being somewhat troubled with a paine in my eies I presumed to write the ordinary matters of my letter in a borrowed hand reseruing that which was of more priuatenesse to my owne selfe To assure you of the Queenes acceptation of your seruices and of the abolition of her former exceptions I vow before God that my heart doth giue me that warrant out of my poore iudgement of her dispusition more then vpon sudden speeches sometime when the first apparition of new charge and likelihood to continue doth present it selfe that I might say Dormito securus When I can by any occasion I bring Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns to her Maiesty because hee may see how her Maiesties affections moue to whose report of her language now to him I doe referre mee But to come to the point my Lord this I say the
fearefull to come to you and therefore desires my license to go for England which I haue now sent him with this purpose to giue him contentment as much as may bee and yet when he comes to mee I meane to schoole him and so I hope to hold him in good termes for so at this time especially it doth behoue vs to bring our great worke to the better conclusion I make no question but that both he and O Connor Sligo and the rest of them doe all somewhat iuggle and play on both hands to serue their owne turnes and therefore truly deserue the lesse fauour for they so doe here for the most part and yet I winke at it But since it behoneth vs so greatly to draw the warre to an end to ease her Maiestie of that exceeding charge and consumption of men and Armes which her Maiestie and the State of England are growne verie wearie of and indeed vnwilling to continue much longer Wee that are here imployed as chiefe instruments to effect what so earnestly is desired must beare more for our Countries good then our owne natures can well endure and therefore let mee aduise you with much earnestnesse to apply your selfe vnto it as the onely and sole meanes to make our doings acceptable in England where we must be censured and by your next let me know certainly I pray you whether you haue done any thing already for the intituling of her Maiesty to any of their lands in that Prouince or whether you haue any way attempted it or giuen them cause to suspect it I shall be well satisfied with your answere presuming that you will doe it sincerely yet if any such thing be I pray you proceed no further in it but labour by all meanes to winne them both because I know it to be her Maiesties pleasure and that the multitude of Subiects is the glory of a Prince and so euery way it is fittest to reclaime rather then destroy them if by any good meanes it might be wrought O Connor Slige as you know was restrained of his liberty by the Rebels and that I thinke vpon a letter I sent vnto him so that hee hath a iust pretence for his standing out so long and for any action into which he shall enter neither shall we be able to disproue his allegations though perhaps himselfe be not innocent neither at the beginning nor now You must therefore be content to thinke that what he doth is by compulsion though indeed you doe not thinke so for some reasons apparant to your selfe Your stone worke at Galloway about the Bulworkes will I feare proue chargable and very long yet can I doe no more then recommend it to your good husbandry and discretion who may best iudge what is fittest Tyrone is not yet gone ouer the Earne but lies betweene that and Ruske where I haue planted a garrison and another at the Agher hard by the Clogher which lie both very fitly to doe seruice vpon him To the former all the Garrisons neere the Blackewater and that at Mountioy and Monaghan may fitly draw vpon all occasions and so I haue lefe order with Sir Arthur Chichester who hath the chiefe care of all And to the latter and to Omy which is but twelue miles from it Sir Henry Dockwra hath promised me to put vp most of the Forces of Loughfoyle and to lie there about himselfe To Eniskillin or there about Sir Henry Follyot hath direction to draw his whole Force leauing a Ward onely at Ballishannon and Beleeke which is already done but hee hath not his boates yet from you which is a great hinderance vnto him and therefore I pray you send them with all speed possible if they be not gone already Touching your motion for Master Atturney I now returne to Dublyn where if he cause it to be moued at the Table I will with the rest yeeld to any thing that is fit In the meane time you may vse the chiefe Iustice in those businesses who hath allowance for his diet and is of great experience and continuance in that Prouinee so as thereby hee may best know euery mans disposition I pray you let me heare stom you againe with as much speed as you can touching the state of that Prouince vnder your gouernement And so hoping for all these late bruites that we shall not this yeere be troubled by the Spaniards or if we be that their number shall be small for so Master Secretary hath confidently written to me out of England I commend me right heartily to you From the Newry this twelfth of September 1602. The Lord Deputy being arriued at Dublyn and this Summers seruice ended since the composing of the Irish troubles was henceforward to bee wrought by the garrisons planted in all parts vpon the Rebels and the setling of the State to be managed by Counsellors Sir Henry Dauers Serieant Maior of the Armie was the rather induced by the necessity of his priuate affaires to discontinue his seruice in Ireland Whereupon his place of Serieant Maior being void was conferred vpon Sir Arthur Chichester And because Sir Richard Moryson had a pretence to the place by former hopes giuen him from the Lord Deputy his Lordship to giue him contentment raised his Company of foote reduced lately in a generall cash to 150 to the former number of two hundred The seuen and twenty of September the Lord Deputy at Dublyn teceiued from the Lords in England this following letter directed to his Lordship and the Counsell of Ireland AFter our hearty commendations to your good Lordship and the rest of the Counsell there Whereas your Lordship in your late letters of the twenty nine of the last Iuly doth aduertise vs of a great abuse crept in amongst the Ministers of the victuals in that Realme namely that you cannot know from any of them when the victuals arriue in any Port nor whether it be of an old contract or a new nor whether it be for her Maiesty or themselues and by that meanes you can neuer find how you are prouided for nor what you may further expect and which is worse that the Rebels doe get of the best victuals that are sent thither and you cannot call the Victualer to acount thereof because he affirmes stifly that he is warranted by vs to sell it for his benefit and so as he sell it to the subiect how ill soeuer affected it is no fault of his if the Rebels afterwards get it Vpon this information from your Lordship we haue not onely called all the Victualers to account how this great abuse is committed but haue perused our former order taken this time 2 yeers when we contracted with them to appoint commissaries there for the keeping issuing of victuals by whose default being their Ministers it should seeme these lewd parts are plaied Therefore for your Lordships satisfaction in the first point the answer of Tolles and Cockain will suffice who doe absolutely affirme that they sent
of Nouember his Lordship began his intended iourny into Connaght and by the way this following letter from Tyrone to Oconnor Sligo being intercepted was sent to his Lordship VVE commend vs vnto you Oconnor Sligo we haue receiued your letter and as formerly we haue written vnto you wee haue remained in Fermannagh welnigh this quarter of a yeere and haue often written vnto you and to Odonnels sonne and requested you to come and see vs neere Logh Earne concerning our Counsels either for peace or warre and neither of you came thither to meet vs We thought that you and O Donnels sonne and Ororke and O Connor Roe and our selues as many of vs as are of our faction would haue maintained warre for a great time and to that end we came to these parts and haue Forgone so many of our owne people as haue not risen with vs But seeing that O Rorke if it be true and O Connor haue receiued protection and that euery one doth make peace for himselfe wee may all easily be deemed men broken and not substantiall in warre but concerning our counsell and aduice which you write for our aduice vnto you is neither to make peace nor cessation but that peace or cessation which shall be made by all our consents and agreements and if you doe otherwise stand to the hazard your selues for you shall not haue my consent thereunto Subscribed Oneale The Lord Deputy tooke the foresaid iourney into Connaght as well to take order with the Rebels in action which had sent messengers to Dublyn in their names to craue the Queenes mercy as also to view the Towne of Galloway and to consider how the discent of forraigne enemies might best be preuented by building of a Fort vpon the Hauen Before his Lordships comming Sir Oliuer Lambert the Gouernour with the Forces vnder him had made a iourney wherein he quite banished Mac William out of the County Maio. His Lordship hauing made some stay in the Pale came to Athlone the second of December and lay in the Castle being very strong and diuided from the Towne by a bridge ouer the Riuer Shannon where the Gouernour and the Counsell for that Prouince made their residence Here the foureteenth of December O Connor Sligo and Rowry Odonnell brother to the Traitor O Donnell lately dead in Spaine two Rebels of greatest power in those parts came to his Lordship and made their humble submission to her Maiesty O Connor Sligo alleaged many things in his owne excuse as the manner of O Donnels taking him and keeping him in prison and submitted himselfe to her Maiesties mercy Rowry O Donnell albeit he had vnder him all his brothers followers and creaghts yet did hee both simply and absolutely submit himselfe to her Maiesties Grace without standing vpon any conditions but signifying his readines to deliuer such pledges as should be demanded of him all such Castles as Ballymote and others in the County of Sligo which hee had gotten into his possession and to doe any thing that hee might receiue her Maiesties fauour alleadging further that his Father and Grand-father had beene true seruiters that he himselfe with the priuity of Sir Coniers Clifford then Gouernour had resolued to haue serued her Maiesty against his brother but vpon the discouery of his purpose he was kept in irons a matter well knowne to be true and now most franckly offering his seruice if he might be receiued either here or beyond the Seas wheresoeuer her Maiesty would be pleased to employ him which manner of carriage proceeding from a man of good spirit actiue wise induced the L. Deputy to receiue him and did in some sort moue all the Counsell to pitty his case that he did no sooner submit himselfe and the rather because they did foresee how noteable an instrument he might be made to bridle the insolency of Sir Neale Garue which was growne intollerable of whom they thought he might be the best curbe that could be deuised And therefore they resolued at their comming to Dublin to send for the said Sir Neale and this Competitor and with the aduice of the rest of the Counsell seriously to consider how to prouide for and to dispose of them both wherein albeit they purposed to giue vnto Sir Neale the benefit of her Maiesties gratious promise yet did they think it a thing very expedient for her seruice and the settling of Tirconnell that some competent portions in Tirconnel should be allotted to this Gentleman in which point they by letters humbly prayed the Lords in England to moue her sacred Maiesty to send vnto them her Highnes warrant for taking such a finall order between thē as by the general aduise and consent of this Counsell should be thought fittest for her Maiesties seruice The Lord Deputie proceeding on his iourney to Galloway kept his Christmas there and in that Towne all the Rebels of that Prouince the Flahertyes the Mac Dermotts of the Courlewes Connor Roe and diuers others submitted themselues and were receiued and so for the present this Prouince was brought to quietnesse Onely the proud insolent faithlesse Bryan Ororke notwithstanding his former humble message sent to the L. Deputy touching his desire to be receiued to mercie absented himselfe and hauing drawne vnto him Tyrones Mac Guyre whom for his deceitfull and treacherous dealing the Lord Deputie had banished out of Fermannagh and exposed to prosecution and the Traytor Tyrell lately come out of Mounster and trusting to the Fastnesse of his Country persisted in his Rebellion And therefore albeit his Lordship did foresee the manifold difficulties which must grow in his prosecution yet did hee hold it very necessary to take the present opportunity to scourge him seuerall waies before the Spring and before his forraigne hopes might giue him any further incouragement And for this ende as hee had appointed a proportion of victuals and other necessaries to bee presently brought from Lymrick to Athlone so now he resolued to furnish Sir Oliuer Lambert with an Army to surprise his Countrie Leytrim and to take it in to her Maiesties hands Sir Henrie Follyot also with the assistance of Rowrie O Donnell who already had done some seruice against O Rorke was appointed from Sligo and those parts to enter into his Country and his Lordship intended presently to raise a third Army to bee sent from the Pale to annoy him by which course his Lordship hoped this Rebell should not be able long to subsist in his pride and contempt The submission of the foresaid Rebels was made by each of them in writing and in these words following First I doe acknowledge Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland to be the only true absolute and Soueraigne Lady of this Realme of Ireland and of euery part and of all the people thereof vnto whose gratious mercy I doe humbly submit my selfe my lands and goods and withall faithfull repentance for my vnnaturall disobedience vnto her Roiall Maiesty
serued for a ground and pretext of new inuentions of deceipt for that by the cunning craft of some Merchants the scope giuen by Our Proclamation to the said Exchange is so abused as that some Merchant who hath brought commodities into that Kingdome from hence hath not beene content to sell the same for reasonable gaine but hauing raised his price of the same commodity to so much in the new monies as doe in their true value of siluer almost counteruaile the sterling he paid for it here viz. That which cost him ten shillings sterling to thirty shillings Irish after that rate that which cost him 100 pound to 300 pound he hath returned to Our Exchange the same 300 pound which being answered him here in sterling yeeldeth him profit of three for one which is so great a gaine as no aduenture of any Merchants into the further most parts of trafficke doth yeeld and to Vs such a burthen as if the same should be permitted were nothing else in effect but to make Our Exchequer a Mart for the cunning of Merchants to worke vpon Besides many of them haue of purpose to make profit by the said Exchange bought vp old bils of debts from diuers persons to whom payment hath vpon iust consideration beene deferred and compounding for the same for small summes of money of the new Standard returned the whole vpon Vs by exchange whereby they haue made an exceeding profit conrrary to the true meaning of Our Proclamation intended for the vse and benefit of such as exercised an honest and direct course of Merchandize By which fraudes there is euer a great quanrity of monies of the new Standard returned vpon Vs for sterling Monies in this Realme but neither is there any proportionable quantity of sterling Monies brought in here into the Exchange nor deliuered into the Banckes to be conuerted into new Monies there And consequently there doth grow vpon Vs an intollerable burthen in continuall payments of sterling Monies and yet the two mischiefes which were the chiefe cause of alteration of Our Standard not remedied that is the preseruing of the sterling Monies from the Rebels and from transportation into forraigne Countries For little of it being brought in by Merchants of this Countrey and the same being not currant to be vsed here amongst Our good Subiects We find it partly transported and partly falling into the hands of the Rebels wherewith they haue beene the better enabled to continue in their wicked courses Wherefore for redresse of so great abuses daily practised by Merchants We doe hereby publish that Our meaning is that from the day of the publishing hereof the places of exchanging of monies shall be onely at Dublyn for this Our Realme of Ireland and at London for Our Realme of England for all such as vse the trade of Merchandize but for others that are in Our pay and haue wages of Vs as being of Our Army or otherwise there shall be a Bancke maintained at Corke as heretofore it was to receiue their bils but the bils receiued there shall be paiable onely at London and fot the vse of passengers and souldiers departing out of Our Realme into England there shall be likewise exchanges at Bristoll and Chester So as no such souldier or passenger doe bring thither any bill containing aboue the sum offoure pound But for Merchants there shall not be at the said places of Chester and Bristoll any payment of bils returned but onely at Our City of London in such manner as is hereafter expressed And further Our pleasure and meaning is that the said Exchange shall extend onely to such as now are or hereafter from time to time shall be in Our pay here seruing Vs in the field or in wards or garrisons and to all Officers of gouernement of Iustice of Our reuenewes or of the Exchange and to such others as are contained in Our establishment To all and euery of whom We are pleased to allow the benefit of exchanging Monies of the new Standard of this Realme into Monies currant in England wanting onely twelue pence sterling in the pound viz. yeerely to each of them rateably in his degree for so much as he doth saue aboue his expence of that which hee doth receiue yeerely of Vs or ought to receiue cleerely for his pay all deductions and defalcations being foreprized and so as there be no fraud vsed by any of them in abusing this Our liberality and fauonr conttary to Our true meaning And for others vsing trade of Merchandize although they deserue no fauour in regard of the frauds wherewith many of them haue abused Our gracious meaning in the institution of Our exchange intended and in regard of the excessiue raising of the prices of all wares whereby both Our Subiects are extreamely burthened here and We intollerably charged in the exchange in England yet in regard of the present pouerty of this Our Realme whereby We conceiue that there wanteth as yet for a time sufficient commodities of the growth or manufaction of this Kingdome wherewith to maintaine trafficke Wee are pleased to maintaine for their vse an exchange in this manner That euery such person not being of those that belong to Our Establishment but a Merchant who shall deliuer to the Master of the Exchange or his Deputies in this Realme one hundred pounds whereof forty pound shall be of the Standard of sterling mony of siluer or of gold and threescore pound in mixt Monies of the new Standard of this Realme shall receiue of the said Master of the Exchange or his Deputies a Bill directed to the Bancke of exchange in England where the same is playable whereby hee shall receiue for each hundred pound deliuered here in that manner one hundred pounds in Monies currant of England wanting onely twelue pence in the pound for each pound of the mixt Monies deliuered and for the starling no defalcation to bee made as heretofore hath been ordained And after that rate for more or lesse in quantitie And to the end that the fraudes vsed by some Merchants may be better preuented and the Master of the exchange or his Deputies vnderstand that he dealeth truly in bringing his monies to the exchange Our pleasure is that euery such Merchant resorting to the exchange shall bring a certificate from the Officers of Our Custome-house where his goods were entred what goods he hath entered there and at what time to the end that it may thereby be discerned that he seeketh nothing but the returne of his owne money and is not a cullourer of other mens And sor that diuers Noble men and Gentlemen of this Realme haue cause many times to repaire into England either for suites or other necessarie causes and some haue children there either at the Vniuersities or at the Innes of Court or Chancerie or in Our seruice at Court who shall haue cause for those purposes to vse sterling monie and to haue the moneys of this Realme conuerted into moneys currant in
be concealed especially in him vpon whole face all men eyes were cast himselfe was content to insinuate that a tender sorrow for losse of his Soueraigne Mistresse caused this passion in him but euery dull vnderstanding might easily conceiue that thereby his heart might rather bee more eased of many and continuall ielousies and feares which the guilt of his offences could not but daily present him after the greatest security of pardon And there needed no Oedipus to find out the true cause of his teares for no doubt the most humble submission he made to the Queene he had so highly and proudly offended much eclipsed the vaine glory his actions might haue carried if he had hold out till her death besides that by his cōming in as it were between two raignes he lost a faire aduantage for by Englands Estate for the present vnsetled to haue subsisted longer in rebellion if he had any such end or at least an ample occasion of fastning great merit on the new King if at first and with free will he had submitted to his mercy which hee would haue pretended to doe onely of an honourable affection to his new Prince and many would in all likelihood haue beleeued so much especially they to whom his present misery and ruined estate were not at all or not fully knowne The sixth of Aprill the Earle of Tyrone made a new submission to the King in the same forme he had done to the Queene the name onely changed He also wrote this following letter to the King of Spaine IT may please your most Excellent Maiesty Hauing since the first time that euer I receiued letters from your Highnesse Father and your Maiesty or written letters vnto you performed to the vttermost of my power whatsoeuer I promised insomuch as in the expectation of your assistance since the repaire of O Donnell to your Maiesty I continued in action vntill all my neerest kinsemen and followers hauing forsaken me I was inforced as my duty is to submit my selfe to my Lord and Soueraigne the beginning of this instant moneth of Aprill in whose seruice and obedience I will continue during my life Therefore and for that growing old my selfe I would gladly see my sonne setled in my life time I haue thought good giuing your Maiesty all thankes for your Princely vsage of my sonne Henry during his being in Spaine most humbly to desire you to send him vnto mee And for the poucrtie whereunto I was driuen I haue in sundry letters both in Irish and other languages so signified the same as it were inconuenient herein to make relation thereof And so I most humbly take my leaue From Dublin c. Your Highnesse poore friend that was Hugh Tyrone Together with the same he wrote another letter to his sonne Henry to hasten his comming from Spaine into Ireland but without any effect Lastly the Lord Deputic renewed to the Earle of Tyrone his Maiesties Protection for a longer time till hee could sue out his Pardon and sent him backe into his Countrey to settle the same and to keepe his friends and former confederates in better order vpon this change of the State Sir Henry Dauers who lately brought letters to the Lord Deputy from the Lords in England returned backe with purpose to repaire presently vnto the King wherevpon the Lord Deputy commended to his relation the following instructions signed with his Lordships hand Wherein you must note that his Lordship omits the newes of the Queenes death receiued by the seruant of a Gentleman as aforesaid the same being onely a priuate inteliigence whereupon hee could not safely build his late proceedings and that his Lordship onely insists vpon letters from the State which could onely giue warrant to the same The instrustions are these You are to informe the Kings Maiesty that at your comming ouer hither the fifth hereof with the letters from the Lords in England signifying the decease of my late Scueraigne Mistresse you found with mee heere at Dublin the Earle of Tyrone newly come in vpon Protection and by that meanes the Rcalme for the present generally quiet all expecting that vpon a conclusion with him which then euery one conceiued to be likely in as much as he put himself into my hand which till that time he would neuer doe to any the Countrey would in short time be thorowly settled so that euery one thet found himselfe in danger did presse me in a manner hourely for his pardon foreseeing that he that staied out longest was sure to be made the example of the Iustice of the State where such as could soonest make their way by assuring their future loyaltie and seruice were hopefull to lay hold vpon their Soueraignes mercy Now to the end you may acquaint his Maiesty how farre forth I haue proceeded with the Earle of Tyrone and vpon what warrant you shall be heereby thus remembred He had often made great meanes to be receiued to mercy which as often I had denied him prosecuting him to the vttermost of my ability being cuer confident in opinion that vntil I had brought him very low driuen him out of his own Countrey as I did the last Summer and left Garrisons vpon him that tooke most of the Creaghts and spoiled the rest of his goods hee would not bee made fit to crauc mercy in that humble manner that was beseeming so great an offender In December last when I was at Galloway he importuned me by many messages and letters and by some that he trusted very well vowed much sincerity if hee might be hearkened vnto there and at that time hee sent me a submission framed in as humble manner as I could reasonably require To that I sent him this answer that I would recommed it to her Maiesty but vntill I had further direction from her I would still prosecute him as I did before and get his head if I could and that was all the comfort I gaue him yet ceased he not to continue a sutor with all the earnestnesse that hee could deuise hoping in the end to obtaine that hee desired In the month of March I receiued letters from her Maiesty of the sixteenth and sauenteenth of February whereby I was authorised to giue him my word for his comming and going safe and to pardon him so as he would come parsonally where I should assigne him to receine it and yeeld to some other conditions in the last of those two letters contained And withall I was specially required aboue all things to driue him to some issue presently because her Maiesty then conceiued that contrariety of successes heere or change of accidents in other parts might turn very much to her disaduantage for which she was still apt to beleeue that hee lay in wait and would spin out all things further then were requisite with delayes and shifts if I should not abridge him Shortly after the Earle renewing his former suit with very great carnestnesse and in most humble manner as may
Kings Letters Pattents to the Lord President for his gouernement and as formerly I aduised you so againe I pray you to transport as great a proportion of victuals and munition as you can out of the City of Corke into the Fort of Halebolyn and the Castle of Shandon and if you may by faire meanes you shall doe well to endeuour to draw some Companies into the Towne which if you cannot effect yet I would haue you not to slacke the carrying of victuals and munition I haue drawne together some 5000 men and shall be able to employ them in reducing and setling the Townes of those parts and if the Citizens of Corke vpon the renewing of your authority and my late directions proue more conformable then they were you shal doe well to gouerne all without violence but if they continue obstinate in their former insolencies I aduise you to set guards vpon the stores of victuals and munition and to leaue the Towne The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to Sir Charles Wilmot one of the said Commissioners SIR Charles I haue receiued your letter of the twentieth of Aprill and am glad of the good successe you had in taking the Castles in Kerry and for your men of Corke I haue heard of their insolencies and I beleeue them and for any thing I know all the Townes in Mounster stand vpon little better tearmes Assoone as I could possibly for I had no Forces in all Lemster I haue gathered together 5000 men and am comming towards you and haue so disposed of all things in the North that if need be I will draw the whole Army of Ireland ere it be long into Mounster some few excepted to guard the garrisons With Waterford I thinke to beginne for they gaue the first example but it is true that if they hold against me I am ill prouided to force them for at Dublyn wee are ill stored of all things but we will doe aswell as we may I doe like your course well to draw as many as you can to one head and I thinke it fit that it were about Corke If your munition and victuals be in the power of the Towne I know not what to say but I haue first written to the Towne not to interrupt you in the disposing of the Kings munition and victuals and vpon my commandement if they denie it it is treason therefore I thinke they will be aduised therein If you may therefore as suddenly as you can conuay as great a proportion of victuals but especially and first of munition out of the Towne then I will command them to receiue you with such forces as you shall appoint into the Towne which if they denie it is treason too And if you haue any store out of the Towne and your Forces be gathered together and they continue obstinate it were good some little guard though it were but seuen or eight men were put into the Castles where the munition and victuals are and for all the rest of the English to with-draw themselues out of the Towne by little and little and then if they continue obstinate still in not receiuing the King Forces my desire is that you shall presently inuest the Towne which I presume may bee done with some 1000 men if you put two or 300 men into the Fort next to Kinsale gate which with so many men will be easily guardable and with the rest of your foote intrench neere to the gate next toward Shandon and with some 100 Horse beat the wayes When you are in this forwardnesse if you thinke this way feasable I will send you either more men if with those you haue you thinke not fit to engage the Cannon or if I be loose my selfe from being ingaged in any other place I will come to you but if Waterford hold out I shall for the time haue my hands full Let me heare from you at large of all things and in the meane time it is fit you put the best Arlillery you haue into Halebolin Fort. I haue sent this by one whom I thinke to be trusty and I pray you to send him backe speedily to me and to impart this proiect to as few as you thinke good Write to me how Lymricke and the other Cities doe stand And so c. The thirtieth day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corcke and his brethren signifying that the Commissioners had by directions charged them to suffer his Maiesties Ministers to passe through their ports with eight and forty barrels of powder and leade and match proportionable to be brought from his Maiesties store in that City to the Fort of Halebolyn and that in regard they wondered so great a proportion should be carried to the Fort where no Artillery was yet planted especially the quantities formerly issued being not yet spent nor any seruice being in hand they fearing the Commissioners purposed to assault the Towne or at least to starue them were enforced thereby to make stay of the said munition till his Lord ps pleasure were further known renewing their suit to haue the custody of the Fort committed to the corporation That they did all they could to cause the mixed money of the new standard to passe currant but it was with such griefe losse to the poore town as they hoped his L p would be a means to his Maiesty for altering the same That they had receiued rebuke from his Lordship concerning certaine insolencies but could not call to mind any particular wherein they had offended the State except that be an offence after many abuses and wrongs done them to keepe watch and ward to preserue themselues and keepe the City for the Kings Maiesty in those doubtfull times as they tearmed them That touching the point of Religion they onely exercised now publikely that which euer before they had beene suffered to exercise priuately and as their publike praiers gaue publike testimony of their faithfull hearts to the Kings Royall Maiesty so they were tied to bee no lesse carefull to manifest their duties to almighty God in which they would neuer be dissembling temporisors Thus they foolishly rushed into apparant treason by making stay of the Kings munitions and presumed to excuse their mutinous and insolent establishing the publike exercise of the Romish Religion and that vpon their owne heads without any direction yea in opposition of publike authority The Lord Deputy now being ready to take his iourney for Mounster and purposing first to attempt Waterford wrote to the Maior thereof the first of May to this effect Because it seemes by your neglect of my directions and your impertinent answeres that you do not know or haue forgotten both my authority and your selues I thinke good to let you vnderstand that it hath pleased the most mighty Prince King Iames the first Our Soueraigne by his letters Pattents vnder his Great Seale of England to make me his Deputie and chiefe Gouernour vnder himselfe of this Kingdome and
hired for sixe or seuen batzen by the day but the trauellers expence is doubled by paying as much for the dayes in which the Horse returnes empty Besides that hee must hire a Foote-man to bring backe his Horse and must also beare his charges by the way which greatly increaseth his expence in these Countries yeelding wine the Foote-men being as good or better duakers then the Horse-men In vpper Germany a Horse-man shall pay daily about thirty Creitzers for Oates and about sixe for Hey In lower Germany about 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shillings for Oates and almost the foresaid value for Hey This I write more particularly because he that trauels for Italy cannot take a more frugall course then to buy a Horse in Germany which he may sell for gaine in 〈◊〉 especially if hee sell him by the way being within few daies of his iourneys end whence he may passe by hired Coach or Horse to Padoua For it he bring his Horse thither those that are to buy him are such crafty knaues and will so conspire together against him as he shall be forced to sell his Horse vnder hand being made weary with the great charge of his meate but this frugalty hath some difficulties if the passenger haue no skill in the tongue in which case hee must hire an Interpreter and if he haue not Horse-men to accompany him because they passe alloy Coaches yet if this Horse-man will follow the Coach hee may with a small gift induce the Coach-man to teach him the meanes to prouide for his Horse but this 〈◊〉 is taken away when he once comes as high as Nurnberg to which place it is more easie though deerer to passe by Coach It is a matter of small moment yet not vnfit to bee obserued that the 〈◊〉 Coach men of Germany haue this custome that the Coaches comming downe from the vpper parts giue the way to those that come vp All Men speake strange things of the Alpes and such as will hardly be beleeued by those that haue not seene them The way from Vienna to Padoua is plaine yet lying betweene high Mountaines and fetching many compasses so as it is sit for Horse-men but I passed that way in the company of a Coach which went slowly in the slony wayes and was hardly by force of mens shoulders kept from failing The way from Augsburg to Padoua is like this and of both thoseiourneys I haue spoken at large in the first Part. My selfe weary of expecting companions and violently carried with the desire to returne into my Countrey did all a one without any one in my company which I thinke few or none euer did passe ouer the Alpes from Bergame to Chur saue that sometimes I hired a Foote-man to runne by my Horse and to guide mee for a mile or two In this iourney through the Grisones Countrey I sometimes not without horror ascended very steepe passages of Mountaines lying with my face on my Horses necke whose bridle I left free to him holding my selfe with one hand on his maine and the other on the saddle Woe to me if any Mares had then passed that way at the sight whereof my Horse vsed to be so surious as many times at straight passages and steepe fals of the Mountaines into low vallies I was forced to light from him and on foote to holde his bridle and yet sometimes hee was so fierce as he plunged out of the way vp to the saddle skirts in snow so as I could hardly recouer him The passages ouer the Alpes towards Geneua and Saucy especially the Mountaines called Farca and Gothardo are most dangerous of all others The fittest times to passe the Alpes are the Winter moneths when no snow is newly fallen and the old snow is hard congealed or else the moneths of sune Iuly and August when the snow neere the high wayes is altogether melted For the middle moneths are very vnfit either by falling of new snow or by melting of the old neither can any man passe before the Officers appointed to haue care of the way haue opened the same My selfe passing ouer the more easie Alpes in the moneth of Iune did often heare Mountaines of melted snow fall into neere Vallies with as violent rushing as if whole Cities had fallen by an Earth-quake Ouer the Alpes towards Geneua and Sauoy passengers are sometimes carried vpon sledges sometimes with gloues and shooes full of nailes they creepe ouer them on hands and feete and in both these kindes their Guides euer warne them to turne their eyes from beholding the steepe fals of the Mountaines into most deepe Vallies For sometimes it happens that in a turning or winding way the sledge whereon the passenger sits is cast out of the way and hangs downe into a most deepe valley with the passengers head downewards and his heeles vpward Woe be to him then if hee let his hold goe or the harnesse tying the sledge to the Horse should breake yea very Mules and Asses going most slowly and so most firmely yet sometimes fall into deepe valleys and so perish in the snow My selfe in my iourney from Padona to Augsburg being a lesse difficult passage did see an Horse boggling at a casuall noise tumble halfe a mile into a valley with his heauy loade vpon his backe yet haue no harme the snow being so congealed as it bore him vp so as his Master by a large circuite brought him safe againe vp to the rest of his Horses on the Moutaines top Bohemia is all plaine but often rising into low and fruitfull hils so as there as in Germany they iourney most in Coaches A passenger in this Kingdome shall pay some fiue Bohemian Grosh or vpon the Confines towards Nurnberg some eightteene or twenty creitzers for each meales meate yet at Prage in most Innes the Bohemians themselues vse to diet by the meale but vpon account the Hosts hauing little or nothing for diet in the House to sell but buying most things without dores for the Guests In the Low-Countries Trauellers passe most in long narrow Country Waggons the sides thereof being like Rackes for Horses and acrosse ouer them short and somewhat narrow boards being fastened for Passengers to sit vpon two in a ranke so as they hold some eight or tenne passengers And they haue goodly Mares to draw these Waggons vsing their Horses for the troops in their Army or exporting them as sometimes their Mares also to sell in forraigne parts I did neuer see the meanes of passage so ready in any place as these Waggons here at all times are before the doore of the Waggoners Inne nor consorts so readily found to all places whereof the numbers are infinite passing both by Waggon and Boate Neither did I euer see Trauellers passe at so easie rates I meane for their passages not for the Innes so they haue not heauy luggage For in that case the Waggons being left and taken at the gates of the Citie as I thinke not to weare the bricke
at Harlem was first made And of these tnrffes they make fiers both cleere and of good smell without smoke and commodious to dresse meat to starch linnen and like vses They are notable Marriners yet in that to be blamed that being at Sea they vse no publike prayers that euer I heard And seuerall Cities haue great numbers of ships wherein they trade with such Industry and subtilty as they are in that point enuied of till Nations The very Italians who in foreseeing wisdome would bee accounted Promethei were by them made Epimethei wise after the deed too late repenting that when they came first to settie their trade in Flaunders they tooke youug youths of that Nation to bee their Cassiers who by writing letters for them learned the secrets of that trade and after to the Italians great preiudice exercised it themselues Some three Flemmings brethren or partners vse to settle themselues in as many Cities of great trade where they keepe such correspondency as by buying all things at the well head where they are cheapest and transporting them farre off where they are dearest and especially by liuing sparingly both in dyet and apparrell and not shaming to retaile any commodity in small parts which great Merchants disdaine to sell otherwise then by whole sale they haue attained the highest knowledge and riches of trading Thus they buy rawe silke of the Turkes and weaue the same into diuers stusses in Italy which they sell not there but transport them into England and the Northerne parts where they beare highest price and there retaile them by the smallest proportions They haue of their owne very fine Linnen and Woollen cloathes of diuers kindes and many clothes of Cotton Arras hangings plenty of Hops aswell on the Sea-coast of Beabant as in the East part of Holland and great store of Butter Cheese and Fish salted and dryed all which they transport Againe they bring from Dantzke store of Hemp whereof themselues make Ropes and Cables neither transport they any rude matter but by working it at home inrich many populous Cities Also from Dantzke they bring corne all kindes of pitch and other commodities of that place and from Italy many kindes of silke stuffies Also by the diligent fishing especially of Hertings on the Sea-coast of England they grow rich selling the same to all Nations and to the very English who are not so industrious in that trade Lastly they draw the commodities of all Nations to them and fetch them from the very Indies and in like sort they transport them to the remotest parts where they yeeld most gaine It is not amisse to adde the very words of Marchantius writing of the olde trade of Burges in Flanders since what I haue written is onely to bee vnderstood of the vnited Prouinces Thus he saith Lodouicus Crassus in the yeere 1323. granted a staple to Bruges which his sonne Malanus confirmed The Staple is a priuiledge of staying forraine Commodities in the place except the seller and bringer chuse rather to returne whence they came Bruges hath a Market place with a house for the meeting of Merchants at noone and euening which house was called the Burse of the houses of the extinct Family Bursa bearing three purses for their Armes engraueu vpon their houses The Marchants of England Scotland France Castilia Portugal Aragon Nanar Catnlania Biscaia the Hans Cities of Germanie namely Lubeck Hamberg Rostoch Dantzk eRiga Renel and diuers other Cities the Marchants of Venice Florence Genoa Luca and Milan namely fifteene Nations had each their Colledge or house here The Italians brought Chamblets and Grogram in made of Goates hayre in Galatia a prouince of the Lesser Asia they brought Hides thred of Silke of Siluer and of Gold and cloathes made of them they brought Iewels Wines of Candia Allum Brimstone Oyle Spices Apothecary Wares Mithridate Rhubarb Mummy Sena Cassia and the soile of Brasse The French brought Salt Red and white Wines Oyle and Paper The English brought Wooll Leade Tynne Beere Woollen cloathes especially those so make vailes for the Low countrey women The Scots brought skinnes of sheepe Conneys and other and course woollen cloathes The Spaniards and Portugals brought graine for Scarlet Dye Gold Siluer raw Silke thred of Silke the wood Guiacum Salsaparilla Vnicornes Horne and Spices The Germans with the Danes and Polakes brought Honey Waxe Corne Salt-Peter Wooll Glasse rich Furs Quick-siluer Armes Rhenish Wines Timber for building Againe they exported out of Flanders faire and great Horses fat Beenes Butter diuers kindes of Cheese pickeld and fumed Hertings diuers Sea-fishes salted Woollen and Linnen clothes Tapestry of great variety and beauty rare pictures and all manuary workes Thus Flanders gaue the name to all Netherland Bruges 〈◊〉 in the yeere 1414. got a priuiledge that they who were free of that Citie by Birth Gift Buying or Marriage should be free from all confiscation of their goods which exceedeth the priuiledges of any other Citie in Netherland for those of Ypre hauing the like yet loose it vpon any Force offered to the Prince The trade at Bruges beganne to decay in the yeere 1485 partly for the narrownesse and vnsafety of the Port of Sluce and the Riuer leading from thence to Bruges partly by the Fame of the large and commodious Riuer Scaldis at Antwerp and partly by the ciuill Warres For first the Portugals hauing taken Callicut in the East Indies carried their famous Spices to the Fayre of Antwerp in the yeere 1503. and contracting with that Citie drew the Fuggari and Welfari German Merchants thither And after the Merchants of Florence Lucca and the Spinolae of Genor and those of other Nations excepting part of the Spaniards leauing Bruges seated themselues at Antwerp about the yeere 1516. And they were inuited thither by the priuiledge of Marriage Dowries which became shadowes to many frauds For when Husbands either breake in life time or be found banckerouts at death the Wiues are preferred to all debters in the recouery of their dowry Notwithstanding Bruges at this day by the third generall taxe of Flaunders yet in vse payes something more then Ghant for publike vses These be the words of Iacobus Marchantius The foresaid trade of the vnited Prouinces hath at home much commodity and increase by the Riuers as the Rheine bringing downe the commodities of Germany and by the standing or little mouing waters which are most frequent and by channels or ditches wrought by hand and bearing at least little boates for passage to each City and Village but these waters for the most part ending in standing pooles by reason they fall into a low ground neere the Sea the Ayre is vnholsome the waters are neither of good smell nor taste neither doe they driue Mils as running waters doe elsewhere of which kind they haue few or none My selfe in a darke rainy day passing one of these said narrow channels numbered an hundred little boates at least which passed by vs and are hired at a