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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	body_n	part_n	whole_a	4,670	5	5.7434	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86079	The anatomical exercises of Dr. William Harvey professor of physick, and physician to the Kings Majesty, concerning the motion of the heart and blood. [Part 3] Two anatomical exercitations concerning the circulation of the blood to John Riolan the son ... With the preface of Zachariah Wood physician of Roterdam. To which is added Dr. James De Back his Discourse of the heart, physician in ordinary to the town of Roterdam.	Harvey, William, 1578-1657.	1653 (1653)	Wing H1083_pt3; Thomason E1477_2; ESTC R20704_pt3	39,257	87

but more especially since the blood seems to be a great deal fuller of spirit and more penetrative than the milk or chylus which is contain'd in these vessels and is hitherto impell'd by the arteries that it may find out some way for its self The most learned man makes mention of a certain Treatise of his concerning the Circulation of the blood I wish I could see it I might perchance recant But if the most learned man thought it more fit to place the circular motion of the blood in the veins of the porta and branches of the cava as he says in his 3. Book Chap. 8. In the veins the blood does perpetnally and naturally ascend or return to the heart as likewise that which is in all the arteries descends and departs from the heart I say I do not see but upon this position all difficulties which were objected of old of the distribution of the Chylus blood through these same conduits should likewise cease that hence forward he should not need to enquire apart for or to set down vessels for the chylus seeing as the Umbilical veins do draw their nutritive juice from the liquors of the egg and carries it to the nourishing and augmentation of the Chick whilst it is yet an Embryon so do the meseraick veins suck the chylus from the intestines and carry it to the liver and what hinders us to assert that it does the like in those of riper age for all difficulties cease when there are not two contrary motions supposed in the same vessels but that we do suppose that there is one continued motion in the meseraicks from the intestines to the Liver I shall tell you in another place what is to be thought of the venae Lacteae when I shall speak of milk found in several parts of creatures new born especially in mankind for it is found in the mesenterie and all its glandules as also in the chymus likewise in the arm-pits and paps of Children the Midwives milk out the blood for their health as they beleeve But moreover it pleas'd the most learned Riolan not only to deprive the blood contain'd in the mesenterie of circulation but also he affirms that neither the branches of the vena cava or its arterie or any part of the second or third region admits of circulation so that only he cals the vena cava the aorta circulatory vessels for which in his 3 Book Chap. 8. he gives a very faint reason Because the blood sayes he flowing into all parts of the second and third region remains there for nourishment nor does it flow back to the greater vessels unless it be revulsed by the force and want of blood in the greater vessels or flow back being stirr'd with a sudden force to the circulatory vessels It is indeed of necessity that the portiō which passes into nourishment should remain for otherwise it should not nourish unless it be assimilated stay there in lieu of that which is lost so become one but it is not needfull that the whole influx of blood should remain there for the conversion of so little a portion for every part does not use so much blood for its nourishment as it contains in its veins arteries and porosities nor is it necessary in his afflux and reflux that it should leave no nourishment within it where fore it is not necessary that for nutrition it should all stay but likewise the most learned man himself in the very same book in which he affirms this does seem every where almost to affirm the contrary especially where he sets down the circulation in the brain and by circulation sayes he the brain does send back blood to the heart and so the heart is refrigerated After which sort likewise the remote parts may be said to refrigerat the heart whence also in feavers when the parts about the heart are grievously scorched and inflam'd with feaverish heat laying naked their joints and throwing off the cloaths sick people endeavor to cool their heart whilst as the most learned man affirms of the brain the blood being refrigerated and allayd of its heat do's then go to the heart through the veins and does refrigerat it Whence the most learned man seems to insinuate a kind of necessity that as from the brains so there is a circulation from all the parts otherwise than before he had openly declar'd But indeed he cautiously and ambiguously affirms That the blood does not flow back from the parts of the second and third region unlesse says he being revuls'd by the force and great want of blood in the bigger vessels or that it does by a sudden forcible motion flow back to the greater circulatory vessels which is most true if these words be understood in a true sense for by the greater vessels in which he says want causes a reflux I beleeve he understands the vena cava or the circulatory veins not the arteries for the arteries are never emptyed but into the veins or pores of the parts but they are continually stuff'd full by the pulse of the heart If all the parts did not incessantly refund blood in abundance into the vena cava and the circulatory vessels out of which the blood very suddenly passes and hastens to the heart there would quickly be a great want of blood Besides that the blood which is contained in all the parts of the second and third region by the force of the blood directed and driven by every pulse is forc'd out of the pores into the veins out of the branches into the greater vessels as likewise by the motion and compression of the parts adjacent for that which is contain'd is thrust out by every thing containing it when it is press'd and streightned so by the motion of the muscles and the joints the branches of the veins passing between being press'd and streightned thrust the blood contain'd in the lesser vessels into the greater But it is not to be doubted that the blood is continually and incessantly driven and comes with force from the arteries and never flows back if it be admitted that in every pulse all the arteries together are distended by the propulsion of blood and that the Diastole of the arteries as the most learned man confesses is from the Systole of the heart nor does the blood once gone forth return into the ventricles of the heart by reason that the portals are shut if I say the most learned man do beleeve these things as it seems he does it will easily be understood in every part of what region soever by what stuffing or impulsion the blood in them contained is forcibly thrust down For so far as the arteries beat so far reaches the influx and the force wherefore it is felt in all parts of every region for there is a pulse every where in the tops of our fingers and under the nails nor is there any part in our whole body either sore with boil or fellon which does not feel the pricking motion of the beating of the arterie and its endeavour to dissolve the continuum But further it is manifest that the blood does make a regresse in the pores of the parts in the skin of the hands and

as well that which is in the greater veins and their branches and fibers as that in the porosities of the parts in any region of the body does flow to the heart flow from the heart without interruption incessantly and never continues in one place without damage though I do not say but in some places it moves flower in some faster First then the most learned man denyes only that the blood contain'd in the Porta does circulate which he could neither have denied nor disapproved of if he had not pass'd over the force of his own argument for he sayes lib. 3. cap. 8. If in every pulsation the heart receive one drop of blood which it expels into the aorta and does make two thousand pulsations in an hour there must needs a great deal of blood passe through He is likewise forc'd to affirm the same of the mesenterie since through the caliacal arterie and the mesenterial arteries there is thrust in more than one drop of blood at every pulsation and is forc'd against the mesenterie and its veins insomuch that it must either go out according to the just proportion of that which enters otherwise the branches of the Porta would burst at last nor can it for the resolution of this doubt be probably said or possibly be that the blood of the mesenteric should vainly and to no purpose ebb and flow through these arteries like an Euripus nor the relapse from the mesenteric by those passages and transplantation by which he would have the mesenteric disgorge it self into the aorta likely to be true nor can it prevail against that which is entring by contrary motion nor can there be any vicissitude where it is most certain that without interruption and incessantly there is an influx but is compell'd by the same necessity by which it is certain that the heart doth thrust forth the blood against the mensenteriū Which is most manifest for otherwise by the same argument they would overthrow all Circulation of the blood if thus he should with the same likelihood of truth affirm that too in the ventricles of the heart namely in the Systole of the heart the blood is driven into the aorta and in the Diastole returns and the aorta disburthens it self into the ventricles of the heart as the ventricles again into the aorta and so neither in the heart nor in the mesenterie should there be any circulation but a flux and reflux by turns is turned up and down with needlesse labour Therefore if of necessity in the heart is proved the circulation of the blood for the reason aforesaid prov'd by himself the same force of argument takes place likewise in the mesenterie but if there be no circulation in the mesenterie neither is there in the heart for both these assertions namely this of the heart that of the mesenterie hangs upon the force of the same argument onely changing the words and is establish'd and falls in like manner He sayes that the Sigma-like portals do hinder the regresse of the blood in the heart but there are no portals in the mesenterie I answer neither is this true for in the splenick branch as likewise sometimes in others there are found portals Besides portals are not all times requisite in the more profound veins nor are they found in the deep veins of the joints but rather in the skin veins for where the blood flowing out of the lesse branches is prone naturally to come into the greater by the compression of the muscles about it it is sufficiently hinder'd from return but where the passage being open it is forc'd What need is there there of portals But how much blood at every pulsation is forc'd into the mesenterie is reckoned according to the same account as if with an indifferent ligature you should in the carpus bind the veins comming out of the hand and entring into the arteries for the arteries of the mesenterie are greater than those of the carpus if you tell at how many pulsations the vessel and your whole hand swell to their greatest biguesse dividing and making a subduction you shall find much more than one drop of blood come in at every pulsation notwithstanding the ligature nor can it return but rather that in filling the hand it forcibly distends and swels it we may by calculation gather that the blood enters the mesenteric in the same quantity if not in a greater by how much the arteries of the mesenteric are greater than those of the carpus And if any should but see and think with himself with what difficultie and pains compressions ligatures and severall means the blood is staid that leaps forcibly out of the least arterie which is cut or broken with what strength as if it were shot out of a spout it throws off and drives away or passes through all the bindings I think he would scarce beleeve that any part of blood which only enters could against this impulsion and influx passe back again being not able to drive it back with force For which cause considering these things with himself I beleeve it would not ever enter his mind to imagin that the blood out of the veins of the porta could creep back by these same wayes and so disburthen it self into the Mesenterie against so forcible and strong an influx into the arteries Moreover if the most learned man beleeve not that the blood is mov'd and chang'd by circular motion but being still the same it stands and mantles in the branches of the mesenterie he seems to suppose that there is a two-fold blood divers and serving to divers uses and ends and therefore it is of divers natures in the vena porta and cava because one of them for its preservation needs circulation the other needs not which neither does it appear nor does he demonstrate it to be true Besides the most learned man addes in his Enchirid. lib. 2. cap. 18. A fourth sort of vessels to the Mesenterie which are called the Venae Lacteae invented by Asselius which being set down he seems to infer that all the nutriment being drawn through them is carried to the liver the forge of blood which being there concocted and changed into blood he says in lib. 3. cap. 8. it is carried to the left ventricle of the heart which being granted sayes he all the scruples which were antiently motion'd concerning the distribution of the Chylus and of the blood through the same conduit do cease for the Venae Lacteae carry the Chylus to the Liver and therefore these conduits are apart and can be obstructed apart But indeed I would fain know how this can be demonstrated to be true If this milk be transfus'd and passe into the liver how shall it get thence through the cava into the ventricle of the heart Since the most learned man denyes that the blood contained in the numerous branches of the porta and the liver can passe that so circulation may be made

body through the arteries sense may likewise make evident You may observe when and as often as the extremities of the hands the feet and the ears are stiff and cold and are restor'd again by the influx of heat that it happens that at the self-fame time they are colour'd warm'd and fill'd and that the veins which were unseen before doe swell to plain appearance from whence sometimes when they are suddenly warm'd again the parts are sensible of some pain from which it appeats that the same which by its influx brings heat the same is it that fills and colours them but this can be nothing else but blood as was demonstrated before Cutting off a long arterie or vein any body may see this evidently by sense when he shall see the nearer part of the vein towards the heart let out no blood but the further part pour it abundantly and nothing but blood as afterwards in my experiment which I set down which I tryed in the inner jugularie veins On the other side cutting an arterie but a little blood flows from the further part but the nearer part shoots with a violent force mere blood as if it were out of a spout By which experiment it is known which way the passage is in them either this way or that way Besides you 'l know what swiftnesse there is in it what sensible motion not by little and by drops and with what violence to boot But lest any would make an evasion by pretending of invisible Spirits Let the orifice of the vessel so dissected be let down into a vessel of water or oyl for if any herial thing came out it would break out by visible bubbles for after this manner Wasps Hornets and the like Insects being drown'd or suffocate in oyl send out at last bubbles from their tail when they are dying from whence it is not improbable that they do take breath too whilst they are alive For all creatures at last when they are drown'd and stiffled in the water when they fail and sink they use to send out bubbles out of their mouth and lungs when they give up the glost Lastly it is assur'd by the same experiment That the portals in the veins are so exactly shut that air when it is blown in cannot passe much lesse blood I say it appears to the sense that neither sensibly nor insensibly neither by little nor by drops the blood is remoy'd from the heart by the veins And lest any should flye hither and say thus That this comes to passe when Nature is troubled and does act besides Nature not when she is left to her self and acts at her own freedom seeing the same things appeare in a sickly and preternatural constitution which appear in good estate of bodie it is not to be said that cutting off a vein since there flowes so much blood from the further part that this comes to passe beside Nature because Nature is molested for the dissection does not shut the further part so that nothing can get out that way nor can it be squeez'd out whether Nature be troubled or no Others doe wrangle after the same manner saying That although when the arterie is cut near the heart the blood breaks out in so great abundance immediatly yet for that cause the heart being whole and the arterie too it does not alwayes drive the blood by impulsion Yet it is more likely that all impulsion does drive something nor can there be a pulse of the container without the impulsion of something contained Yet some that they might desend themselves and decline the Circulation of the blood are not afraid to affirm and maintain this to wit that the arteries in living creatures and being according to Nature are so full that they cannot receive a grain weight more of blood and so likewise of the ventrieles of the heart But it is without doubt whensoever or how much soever the arteries and ventricles are dilated and contracted they ought to receive greater impulsion of blood and that beyond many grains For if the ventricles be so distended as we have seen in the Anatomie of living Creatures till they receive no more blood the heart leavs beating and continuing stiff and resisting it occasions death by suffocation Whether the blood be mov'd or driven or move it self by its own intrinsecall nature we have spoken sufficiently in our book of the motion of the heart and blood as also concerning the action function contraction dilatation of the heart how it is done and together with the Dinstale of the arteries so that those which take arguments from thence for contradiction seem either not to understand what is said there or else they will not try the businesse by their own sight I believe there can not the attraction of any thing be demostrated in the body but of the nutriment which by succession of parts supplies by little little that which is lost as the oyl of a lamp by the flame Whence that is the first comon organ of all sensible attraction impulsion which has the nature of a nerve or of a fiber or of a muscle to wit that it may be contracted and that by shortning of it self it may stretch 〈◊〉 draw in or thrust forward but these things are more fully and openly to be declared elsewhere in the organs of motion in living creatures Insomuch as to those who do still reject the Circulation because they neither see the efficient nor finall cause of it There remains because I have as yet joyn'd nothing to it only to say thus much First you must confesse that there is a Circulation before you enquire for what it is for from those things that doe happen upon the circulation and allowance of it the use and profits accrewing are to be searched In the mean time I shall say so much that there are many things allowed received in Physiologie Pathologie and Medicine that no body knows the cause of yet that there are such things no body is ignorant namely of rotten feavers revulsion purgation of excrement yet all these things are known by the help of Circulation Whosoever therefore does oppose the Circulation of the blood because so long as the Circulation stands they cannot resolve Physicall Problems or because in curing of diseases and using of medicaments they cannot from thence assign any cause of the Symptomes or see that those causes which from their Masters they have receiv'd are false or think it an unworthy thing to desert opinions approved heretofore and think in unlawfull to call in question the discipline which has been receiv'd through so many ages together with the authority of the Antients To all these I answer that the deeds of nature which are manifest to the sense care not for any opinion or any antiquity for there is nothing more antient than nature or of greater authority Besides those Problemes out of Medicinall observations not to be solv'd as the Imagine to the Circulation they object