Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	body_n	part_n	whole_a	4,670	5	5.7434	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00454	[The abridgement of logique]	Evans, Lewis, fl. 1574.	1568 (1568)	STC 10588; ESTC S118327	14,219	47

sheweth a deuision howe manye things are comprehended in the same and it is also foure wayes to be considered that is the deuision of a worde as tyme signifieth an hearbe and also this instant the deuision of the Generall into his Speciall as a liuing creature is deuided into a man a Lion an Asse c. The diuisioÌ„ of the whole into his partes as a bodie into an heade breast bellie fÃ©ete and handes the deuision of the substance into his Accidents as Cicero was a Philosophier an Orator and an Astronomer After that we haue so shewed what Logique is what y e common words and the most generall are what a definition and what a deuision is we wyll briefly speake of the knitting of wordes togither in a Proposition A Proposition is a perfect sentence shewing a reason true or false as Man is a liuing creature And euerye Proposition doth consist of two partes the one whereof somewhat is spoken the other which is spoken of any thing as in this sentence Man is a liuing creature a liuing creature is spoken of man so that man is that wherof it is spoken Euerye perfect sentence is two wayes deuyded eyther it is single as modestie is a vertue or else it is double as if modestye be a vertue it is praise worthy Againe a Proposition is eyther true or false true as all men are mortall false as no men are mortall Also it is either affirmatiue or negatiue as vertue is good vertue is not good it is further eyther vniuersal as all men are honest or perticular as some men are honest or indefinite as vertue is the chiefe good thing or singular as Cicero is a perfect Orator The vniuersall proposition hath generall signes as these all none c. The perticular hath perticular signes as some one the most part oftentimes The indefinite hath no signe And the singular hath to the one part a nowne proper The vse of a proposition or perfect sentence is briefly to comprehend and to couch togither in one sentence the full summe of a long and large discourse as in the second booke of the Aeneides of Uirgill Troye was destroyed by the Graecians The repugnancie of propsitions is the diuersitie of two perfect sentences consisting of two and the selfe same partes And of these repugnant propositions there be foure the one altogither contrarie as all men are liers no men are liers the other perticuler contrarie as some men are liers some men are no liers the thirde contradictorie as all men are liers some men are no liers the fourth so to speake it is subalterne as all vertues are to be praised some vertue is to be praysed All men are good Altogither contrarie No men are good Subalterne Contradictorie Contradictorie Subalterne Some men are good Perticular contrarie Some men are not good The diuersitie of these perfect sentences is most necessarie to discerne the truth from that which is false for as blacke and white being ioyned togither the difference is soone espied so if you ioyne two dissonant proposicions you shall easilye discerne the true and finde out the false Then followeth the turning of propositions which serueth for the euident opening of them for the making of short argumentes and for the reducing of the seconde and thirde figure into the first The turning of a proposition is when the first parte and latter of the same are turned the one into the others roume as some priestes are good men some good men are priestes A plaine turning of a proposition is when the parts of the same do supplie thone the others place the same signes alwayes vnchaunged as no good man is an vsurer no vsurer is a good man An accidentall turning is when y e same signes doe not remaine and by this are the perticulers gathered of the vniuersals as all men are liuing creatures some liuing creatures are men Hitherto hauing briefly set forth al single wordes and their nature we will nowe shewe how to frame an Argument An argument is the proouing of a perfect sentence set forth whereof before it was or might be doubted An argument is deuided foure wayes into a perfect argument an vnperfect an induction and an example A perfect argument consisteth of thrÃ©e propositions whereof the first is called the proposition at large the seconde is named the lesse and the thirde is termed the conclusion as for example Euerie vertue is to be praysed Modestie is a vertue Therefore modestie is to be praysed And here you must well note one worde called the double repeate conteyned in the two first propositions which in y e aforesayd argument is this word vertue for it knitteth togither the two first propositions prouing the thing and neuer entreth into the conclusion As for rules concerning a perfect argument to be obserued to one marking well though onelye his figures and moodse they are not so nÃ©edefull The figures appertaining vnto a perfect argument are three the first the seconde the thirde The first figure is when the double repeate is placed in the former part of the first proposition and in the latter of the seconde And vnto this first figure there doeth belong foure moodes which be nothing else than words inuented that only by the vowels of the same the qualitie and quantitie of the proposition maye be knowne that is whether it be vniuersall affirmatiue or vniuersall negatiue perticuler affirmatiue or perticular negatiue the moodes or the wordes are these Barbara Celarent Darij Ferio the vowels whereof are thus to be considered A signifieth A proposition vniuersal affirmatiue E signifieth An vniuersall negatiue I signifieth A particular affirmatiue O signifieth A particular negatiue These things thus being well marked you may by euerie one of the saide foure moodes frame an argument which euermore must be made from the general bnto the special as thus Bar All liuing creatures are of Gods creation ba All men are liuing creatures ra Therfore all men are of Goddes creation Ce No iustice is a vice la All pietie is iustice rent Therfore no pietie is a vice Da All filthinesse is to be auoyded ri Some pleasure is a filthinesse j. Therfore some pleasure is to be auoyded Fe No Arte is to be contemned ri Logique is an Arte o Therefore Logique is not to be contemned The second figure hath the double repeat in the last rehersed parte of both propositions and it hath also foure moodes which be these Cesare Camestres Festino Baroco the vowels wherof as before are most to be considered Ce No good men doe robbe their neighbours sa All theeues doe rob their neighbours re Therefore no theeues are good men Ca All drunkardes doe hate good diet mes No good men doe hate good diet tres Therfore no good men are drunkards Fes No wisemen doe boast themselues â–ª ti Thraso doth boast himselfe

Christians shoulde not trust ouermuch vnto authorities vnto the writings I meane and coniectures of man it is modestie to be allowed and prudencie to be praysed if we so reade them as S. Aug. did the writings of S. Cyprian that is Quod in eis diuinarum scripturarum authoritati congruit cum laude eius accipio quod autem non congruit cum pace eius respuo that which agreeth in the same with the authority of diuine scriptures to his prayse I receiue but which agreeth not that with his fauour I forsake leaue Where let none thinke that I contemne authorities but only wishe Sine ratione vt non valeret authoritas that authoritie without reason or scripture should not take place and preuaile For to saye the troth some receyued of many as authorities be so fonde vt aures Ã coÌ„memoratione abhorreant Peter saith some denied Christ that he might follow him and not for feare O follie Ã´ madnesse the scripture is plaine A farre off followed Peter he feared yea he was greatly afrayde Some also affirme that S. Iohn died not but was caried aliue as Enoch and Elias into Paradysâ—â— and yet at his sepulchre is Manna saye they as it were bubling vp euen vntill this daye a sepulchre he had he was buried and notwâ—â—â—standing all this he died not Alas what weake authorities be these nay what foolish and intollerable dreaming is this about the scriptures of God againe such as childishlye do vnderstand that the Lorde wil discend into a valley vpoÌ„ the side of the mount Olyuet there to iudge the worlde is not therein their wisedome so small and their writings so fonde as whether is most foolish it is hard to tell Further there be which alleage that our Sauiour in no respect feared death and that he was nothing afrayde of his passion But the scriptures be altogether otherwise For he himself sayth My soule is heauye euen vnto death Of whom likewise the Euangelist thus speaketh Christ began to feare and to be sorowfull Let them therefore be ashamed which thinke that our Sauiour in respect of his manhode feared not death and that he did not through feare of his passion say Transeat Ã me calix iste let this cuppe passe from me There is moreouer which write that though our sauiour suffered yet he felt no paine though he were scourged and wounded yet he felt no smart no griefe no dolor that all his passion was sine sensu poenae without feeling of paine What when he cried Eli Eli lamasabachthani Lord Lord why hast thou forsakeÌ„ me Were not then his paines great his dolors vnspeakeable his griefe exceding Oh our infirmities he bare and our sorowes did he sustein Wherfore may wee not see how slender sometimes are the writings and authoritie of man howe farre from the purpose they estray and how plainelye in some places they differ from the Prophets Apostles Euangelists and holy Ghost And to returne vnto the heathens againe in whose workes although manie things be found vntrue supersticious and lewde yet thorowe them as meanes we haue attained the ryght entrie into Artes the readye way how to vnderstand liberall sciences and the playne path into the pleasaunt park of al laudable studies And amongst all such benefits which we thus at their handes haue receyued no one seemeth more excellent so profitable and so to be accepted as is the Arte of reasoning which onelie as the Prince of Orators sayth doth conteine the whole skill of thorowly seeing and adiudging what both is and ought to be in euery matter Yea and that man as sayeth the diuine Philosopher Plato which vtterly in thys Arte is ignorant seeth nothing else were he otherwise neuer so rich and renowmed but the verie shadowes and hollow bare images of things Therefore haue I thought it my singular good Lorde worth the labor if wee in our tongue as the Latines haue done in theirs shoulde some briefly some at large so set forth this Art which I may worthily term the verie treasure house of sciences the Casket of Iewels the ground of all good studies and the very nurse of right perfect knowledge as it maye at the length appeare that like as the Latine is nothing inferiour vnto the Greke so our tongue may in time either be comparable with both or at the least somewhat to graunt theÌ„ not much inferior vnto the second Which my smal labour howsoeuer done although in value little aboue the apple giuen by the poore man vnto Artaxerxes Memor I haue yet bene bolde to dedicate and offer vnto your honor First as a token and pledge of the vnfeined good will which not to speake of your great clemencie for sundrye good causes I am bounde to beare during lyfe towardes your good Lordship then that vnder your protection the same being published the malice of Momus might be weakened and the spite of Zoilus abated For it cannot be but Logique hath enimies but reason hath foes but one industrious sometimes shall haue aduersaries Thus humbly I craue that your honor would with such hart and countenance receiue it as thereby I may be encouraged if it shall please God so to ayde me to beginne and goe forwarde with greater things Your humble Orator Lewys Euans Ludouicus Euans optimarum artium studiosissimis S. D. QVoniam cum omni vtilitate quam dij hominibus doctissimi viri dederunt ars aliqua Ciceronianis enim quaÌ„ saepissimÃ¨ libenter vtimur coniuncta est per quam illa vtilitas subinde percipi tradique possit non possum non saepÃ¨ multumque admirari quibusdam quid venire possit in mentem eorum vt industriam studia reprehendant eorum labores ingenia contemnant qui dialecticam anglicÃ¨ aedendam esse atque eam vel illiteratis in sua cuiusque lingua tradendam quÃ m autem praeclare vestrum esto iudicium censuerunt Mihi profectÃ² multÃ¹m diuque cogitanti quanam re nostris possem hominibus prodesse nulla impraesentiarum maior nulla praeclarior occurrebat quÃ m si dialecticae artis hoc est dicere rationis viam traderem meis coÌ„terraneis Est nanque eiusmodi hominibus vtilitati ratio ea vt illis nihil Ã deo vtilius nihil praestantius nihil pulchrius dari posse videatur Qua cum quod est etiam ars quaedam coniuncta ea quidem longÃ¨ omnium clarissima quae Logica dicitur quae quasi disserendi quaedam magistra est quis vsquam adeÃ² immanis quis vnquam tam barbarus extitit ea vt suos priuari desyderet ea vt suos ornari vel ex animo non optet Hoc fuit in causa clari praestantesque viri quod ego magnificam hanc artem anglicis iam literis succinctÃ¨ illustrandam putarem Cui sententiae vos si nihil praeuertendum putatis erit tum reliquum vt lucubratiunculam hanc qualemcunque meam iniquorum contra

Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Text snippets containing the quad