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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	bishop_n	church_n	presbyter_n	4,517	5	10.4419	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57976	A peaceable and temperate plea for Pauls presbyterie in Scotland, or, A modest and brotherly dispute of the government of the Church of Scotland wherein our discipline is demonstrated to be the true apostolick way of divine truth, and the arguments on the contrary are friendly dissolved, the grounds of separation and the indepencie [sic] of particular congregations, in defence of ecclesiasticall presbyteries, synods, and assemblies, are examined and tryed / by Samuell Rutherfurd ...	Rutherford, Samuel, 1600?-1661.	1642 (1642)	Wing R2389; ESTC R7368	261,592	504

being a number of preachers Acts 20. 36. Paul prayed with them all and yet they were set over that flocke by the Holy-Ghost Acts 20. 28. therefore they had each their owne Church and one canot officiate or exercise Pastorall acts amongst the flock of another Pastor as our brethren would prove from this same place Acts 20. 4. What shall we say the Church of Rome was onely an independent single Congregation that met in one place or house seeing the faith and obedience of the Saints there was heard through all the world Rom. 1. 8. Rom. 16. 19. so that Tertullian in his time saith halfe of the City was Christians And Cornelius saith beside himselfe there was forty and five Presbyters Consider how many prime persons families Paul saluteth Rom. 16. Paul stileth them one Church and one body that had jurisdiction common to all Rom. 1● 3 4 5 6 5. So Galatia is written too as to one Church and had one government and discipline Gal. 5. 9. A little leaven of false doctrine leaveneth the whole lump as 1 Cor. 5. v. 6 7. and Gal. 5. ver 10. He that troubleth you shall beare his judgement whosoever he be ver 12. I would they were even cut off by the rod of discipline as Pareus and Perkins expound it that trouble you So Gal. 6. 1. the spirituall are to restore in meeknesse the weake falling in sinne and yet they were many Congregations in Galatia Gal. 1. 2 1 Cor. 16. 1. 6. We finde a Presbyterie at Antioch of Prophets and teachers Acts 13. 1. who laid hands on Paul and Barnabas 2 3. and ordained them to goe and preach And a Presbytery at Lystra Acts 16. 1 2 3. where Timothy was recommended to Paul and received in his company and laid hands on by him Now that this imposition of hands was not done by the collective body of the Church but by the Elders and Presbytery is cleare from 1 Tim. 4. 14. as Iunius collecteth for that the people laid on hands there is no ground 7. And Acts 21. 18. There is a Presbytery at Ierusalem of Iames and the Elders exercising jurisdiction for before them Paul giveth account of his ministery amongst the Gentiles v 19 20. and they enjoyn Paul for the believing Jewes sake to purifie himselfe v. 23 24. which Paul obeyed v 26 27. and this Presbytery taketh on them the Canons of the Councell of Jerusalem made Acts 15. at least as a part of that famous Councell 8 To ordaine Elders in every city is all one as to ordain Elders in every Church Act 14. 23. so doth Luke expone it as Parker confesseth Act 20. 17. And from Miletus hee sent to Ephesus and called the Elders of the Church he saith not of the Churches Act 16. 4. And when they went thorow the cities they delivered them the decrees c. now what is meaned by cities is exponed in the next ver 5. So were the Churches established So Tit 1. 5. That Thou shouldest appoint Elders in every city as I appointed thee Then that there bee an Eldership and Presbytery of Pastors in every city is an Apostolike Institution and so the commandement of our Lord Iesus for that Paul understandeth there especially preaching Elders in every city is cleare by the words following that sheweth what sort of men preaching Elders should be ver 9. able by sound Doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gain-sayers c. Hence if an Eldership in a city as Ephesus and Ierusalem and Antioch where all cannot meet for multitude bee an Eldership in one Church as our book of Discipline hath it then there was Presbyteries in great cities where there were many Congregations but the former is proved already ergo the Presbytery of many Congregations is the Apostles Presbytery 9. If Gods word warrant a number of officers in Gods house who ordaineth Pastors by laying on of hands and who tryeth these who say they are Apostles and Pastors and are lyars and who hath jurisdiction to punish false teachers as Balaam and Iezabel and who appointeth Elders in cities and Churches then is there a Presbytery and society of Pastors and Elders in moe consociated and neighbour congregations appointed for this effect But there is such a number of officers in Gods House of which number are no single believers not cloathed with any Ministeriall calling Therfore there must be a Presbytery diff●rent from private Professours that overseeth many Congregations I prove the proposition First that there is such a number and that they are different from ordinary professors 1 Tim 4. 14. Neglect not the gist that is in thee which was given by the laying on of the hands of the Elders Re 2. 2. Re. 2. 14 20. Tit 1. 5. 1 Tim 5 22. now that ordinary professours who are not Elders doe lay hands on Pastors ordain or appoint Elders and judicially try and choose or refuse false Teachers and censure or deprive them wanteth precept promise or practice in the Word of God except we say the Epistles to Timothy and Titus are not written to Church-men but to all professours that they should lay hands suddenly on no man that they should appoint Elders in every city Now also that this united Presbytery is a Presbytery of one single Congregation is 1 Against that which we have prooved of the great Church of Ephesus Act 20. Act 19. Rev 2. as also against the necessity of Pastors labours who are not to stay in numbers together upon one single Congregation where two or moe cannot be had To the place 1 Tim 4. 14. some answer that that laying on of the hands of the Presbytery was extraordinary and ceased with the Apostles Others say he speaketh of the office not of the persons Answ The latter is a devise of Prelates refuted by our Divines an office neither hath hands nor feet but persons only have hands 2. Castalio calleth this with good warrant The Senate of Elders Chrysost and Hugo Cardinalis a Colledge of Presbyters Iunius saith it is all one with the Church Mat 18. But thirdly we deny not but there was an extraordinary laying on of hands by the Apostles by which the Holy Ghost was given Act 8. 18. But this is the laying on of the hands of the Apostles as Presbyters which is ordinary and is limited and ruled by the Word and must not be done suddenly 1 Tim. 5. 22. now no such rule is laid upon the miraculous laying on of hands there is no feare that the Apostles in working of miracles should partake of other mens sinnes and that the ordinary laying on of hands such as this was did not give the Holy Ghost is cleare Act 14. 3. The Elders layeth hands on Paul and Barnabas who before had received the Holy Ghost Act 9. 17. 3. This answer is against the nature of this Epistle where Paul setteth down a plat-forme of Church government to be keeped unviolably to the second comming

power of the keyes the private person rebuketh swearing out of charity with care onely of these with whom hee converseth withall by noe power of the Keyes A Watch-man giveth warning of the approach of the enemy and the common Souldier may doe the same the Schoolemaster teacheth one lesson the schoole-fellow teacheth that same the one by office the other of common Charity 2. The Pastour interpreteth the word the private person doeth but use apply and accommodate the sense and interpretation of the word to his owne act of beleeving and the acts of admonishing rebuking comforting his brother Twelfthly they object against Synods The Pope is the Antichrist because he willeth men to appeale from their owne Churches to him as Whittaker and Chamier prove but the doctrine of the Synods teach men to appeale from particular Churches to Synods and by no word of God have Pastors power over other Congregations nor their owne Answ. Antioch appealed from corrupt teachers Acts 15. 2 3. and that is Apostolike but to appeale from a Church to a man of sin as if he were the whole Church is Antichristian 2. If sixe beleevers in a Congregation of forty beleevers should censure a brother our brethren would say that brother should appeale from these sixe who yet make an independent Congregation to the Church of forty yet should not this be Antichristian 3. To appeale from a Church as an unlawfull judicatory is unlawfull but to appeale from a lesser Church as from a not competent Judge to that same Church in a larger meeting is most lawfull 4. That Pastors of divers Churches have power over many Congregations being convened in a Synod is cleare Acts 1. Acts 6. Acts 15. 13. They object That this wanteth antiquity Answ. This is said for the fashion what meaneth then the tomes of Councels the Councell of Sardis Laodicea Africa Toledo 4. Canon Law Cyprian Augustine Tertullus Irene Chrysostome c. CHAP. XVII Whether or no some doe warrantably teach that a Pactor hath no pastorall power to preach and administrate the Sacraments without the bounds of his owne Congregation and from whence essentially is the calling of a Pastor OVr brethren who teach that the ordination of Pastors is onely from that power of the keyes that they imagine to be in the body of beleevers must needs holding such an humane ministeriall Church fall in divers errors as 1. that he cannot officiate pastorally without that number of beleevers from whence essentially he hath his pastorall calling 2. When the Churches necessity shall call him to remove to another independent flocke He is no Pastor while he be ordained and chosen of new by that flocke So the English Puritanisme and M. Best We hold that a Pastor may officiate as a Pastor without his owne congregation 1. Arg. That which the brotherhood and communion of Sister-Churches requireth to be done that Pastors may lawfully doe but this the brotherhood of Sister-Churches requireth to be done Ergo c. the assumption is proved 1. Because death or necessary absence of Pastors necessity of keeping the flocke 2. Necessity of convincing the gainsayers if the present Pastor be weake in learning yet able to cut the word aright saith M. Paget requireth this M. Best answereth Officers of Churches may be helpfull to other Churches as Christians but not as Ministers Answ. This Argument presupposeth that Pastors not as Pastors but as Christians either may administer the Sacraments lawfully and so any Christian may administer the Sacraments which is both Popish and absurd or that it is not lawfull for Pastors to administer the Sacrament out of their owne congregation or to any other of another congregation then their owne and so yet communion of Sister-Churches in these acts is cleane taken away 2. Our Argument is from Church-communion not in Christian acts as Christian but in ministeriall acts as ministeriall 2. Arg. If Ministers as M. Paget argueth may labour to convert unbeleeving strangers and to adde them to their flocke that they may enlarge Christs kingdome then they may exercise Pastorall acts over and above others then these of their owne charge but the former is true Ergo so is the latter The assumption is cleare because Prov. 93. Wisdome sendeth out her maids to call in these that are without and 1 Cor. 14. 24. the Prophets as Prophets were pastorally to convince and so to convert In●idels who were not of their charge M. Best answereth These acts are not acts of a Minister as a Minister a man and a wife a father and a childe a Pastor and a flocke are relatives as I am a Father I exercise not proper acts as a Father but towards my owne children what good I doe to others cannot be said to be the acts of a Father but rather of a friend a neighbour a Christian c. Answ. He presumeth that a Pastor may preach and exercise pastorall acts as a Christian but so all Christians may pastorally preach though not called of God contrary to the Scripture so women and private persons may invade the Pastors chare 2. It is vaine to presse similitudes while they blood for Christ properly is the bridegroome and husband of his Church Eph. 5 6 27. John 3. 29 Rev. 19. 9. Rev. 21. 9. Is● 54 5. Pastors are but the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 under suitors for the bridegroome John 3. 29. This is Popish doctrine to make such a relation betwixt a mortall man and an independent Church Pope Enaristus and Calix●us saith while the Bishop liveth the Church can no more bee given to another without his consent nor the wife can bee given to another then to her owne husband without his consent And so said Innocentius the third therefore at the consecration after imposition of hands saith Vasquez and anointing of the Bishop and delivering to him a staffe a consecrated and blessed ring is put on his ring-finger in token he is married to the Church but what have we to do with such trash as this For in a word the comparison of a marriage in this point is either Popish or unseasonable or both because the mutuall consent betwixt A. B. and his wife being essentially marriage as the Canon Law Divines and sound Casuists acknowledge it maketh A B. a husband and also the husband of such a wife during their life-time but election of the people that A. B. be their Pastor and A. B. his acceptation of the Church as his charge maketh him not both a Pastor and also the Pastor of that Church because the ordination of the Presbytery maketh A. B. formally and essentially a Pastor I meane a called Pastor under Christ but the election of the people and his consent doth not make him a Minister but doth only appropriate him after he is made a Minister to be the Minister of such a Church and so the comparison halteth in the maine point for which it is alleadged therefore A. B.

him as he is a believer an Elder should not be a Lord over the flock it is required of a Steward that hee bee faithfull as a Steward that he ordaine Elders and these men of good report that he receive not an accusation against an Elder Now I hope these are not required of believers as believers neither were the Epistles to Timothy and Titus written so much to these men as believers as to them as holy Elders and Pastours And yet if the power of the keyes bee common to all the faithfull these Epistles are written to all believers primely to men and believing children how they should use the keyes ordaine Elders receive Witnesses governe the Church Deare Brethren see this and consider it for your good 10. Argument That which maketh the government of Gods house Democraticall and popular is not to bee taught but this Opinion is such as I hope to prove hereafter 11. Argument If the power of the keyes be given to believers as believers Then all and only believers have the power of the keyes Quod convenit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 convenit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That which agreeth to any thing reduplicative and for this formall reason it agreeth to that subject only But all and only believers have not the power of the keyes for the Major Parker teacheth The keyes were given to Peter as a believer not as an Apostle I prove the Assumption The believers three or foure may be excommunicated and that justly in which case they remaine believers and yet being no members of the Church cannot have the power of the keyes also many have the power of the keyes yea and are pastours that are not believers as Christ saith Have not I chosen you twelve and yet one of you is a Divell Many will say to me in that day Lord we have prophefied in thy name and in thy name cast out Divels c. and yet they are workers of iniquity never knowne of Christ as his elect So some enemies to Paul and wicked men Phil. 1. Haters of the Gospell and yet preached it in such sort that Paul rejoyced that Christ was preached Now if they bee not believers that are pastours their pastorall acts of baptizing and administring the Sacraments are null seeing they have no power of the keyes many shall doubt if they have beene baptized because they may happily doubt yea too justly doubt of the beliefe and so of the pastours power of the keyes Yea six or ten professors and visible Saints are an independent congregation and so have the power of the Keyes to appoint an Eldership to Excommunicate and yet these ten may be faithlesse hyppocrites hence all their acts of the keyes are null It is knowne how Austin Jerome and the Fathers contend that the Baptisme of Heretikes is lawfull 12. If I shall once for all here cleare from Antiquitie that the Eldership hath only the keyes I also prove from Antiquitie 1. A Presbyteriall and representative Church 2. That the congregation of believers is not an independent Senate to ordaine an Eldership and deprive them 3. That the prime ground of an independent congregation hath no ground in Antiquitie Polycarpus Pastour of Smyrna an hearer of the Apostles as is thought An. 143. willeth the Philippians to submit themselves to the Elders and Deacons as to Christ. Irenaeus the Disciple of Polycarpus admonisheth the faithfull of the same Tertullian An. 226. saith The Elders had the charge of excommunication and censures Ignatius very ancient if we believe antiquitie describeth our very Scotish Presbyterie and calleth it a Senate of Pastours and Elders that was in the Church in his time So Origen who lived with Tertullian resembleth the Presbytery to the Senate of a Citie and Ruffinus agreeth with them Cyprian the presbyters and other officers have the power of the keyes So the Nicen Councell saith as the Mageburgen and Socrates say Aurelius was ordained by Cyprian and his colleagues he requireth that the multitude he present to consent but that the Presbyteries ordaine Cyprian ascribeth the same opinion to Firmilianus So Clemens Alexandrinus Discipline is in the hands of the Presbyters Basil also establisheth a Presbyteriall Senate of moe parishes as is our Scotish Presbyterie and that by the authoritie of the ancient Fathers Athanasius conjoyneth the people and Clergie in ordination and election and giveth to every one of them their owne part Jerome his minde is knowne to all So Dionysius Alexandrin The Synod of Antioch writing to the Church about Samosetanus calleth themselves Pastours Elders and Deacons So also the Councell of Carthage 4. Ambros. in 1 Tim 5. or the ancient author of that Commentarie acknowledgeth the government by the Presbyterie to be most ancient And Augustine against Crescon acknowledgeth this and Gregor They both give the power of censures Presbyteris senioribus to the Pastours and Elders So for this also Eusebius Zonaras Theodoret Chrysostome and farther Nazianzen To oversee and governe is due to the Pastours The Ancient confession of the Waldenses An. 1535. offered to the King of Boheme approved by Luther Melanchton Bucer and Musculus approveth the government by Pastours Deacons and Elders Wickliffe Iohn Hus and Hierome of Prage adhereth to this confession as Aeneas Sylvius witnesseth This was a point laid upon Wicklisse condemned in the Councell of Constanoe as Bellarmine saith That Ecclesiasticall power is given immediately to the Officers So the Councell of Toled 8. yea and Baronius himselfe saith Christ breathed his power immediately on the Apostles Iohn 20. The Papists giving the highest power of jurisdiction to an Oecumenick Councell teach this The Councell of Constance saith A generall Councell hath its power immediately from Christ. A Generall Councell of theirs at Lawsanne An. 1440. A Generall Councell at Pisa An. 1512 as they call it So the Generall Councell of Basil confirmed as they say by Pope Martine the fifth So also many famous Vniversitie as the Vniversitie of Cullen consulted advised and required by Theodor. Archbishop of Cullen the Vniversitie of Erford of Cracovia of Paris To adde our owne Divines Calvin Luther Melanchton Martyr Musculus c. were supersluous CHAPTER II. Quest. 2. Whether or no some do warrantably prove from Scriptures that the power of the keyes is given to all the faithfull IT is needfull that we discusse the Arguments of these who ascribe this power to the faithfull And 1. Parker reasoneth thus proving the keyes to be given to Peter not as hee sustained the person of an Apostle but as he sustained the person of all the faithfull Mat. 16. Peter sustaineth his person here whose he representeth in other places but in other places he representeth the person of believers Ergo The Keyes are given to him ●ere as he representeth the person of believers And so the keyes are given to all believers Mat.