both in peace and warre for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good orders And we heare ordinarily that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier first to learne to obey well in keeping of good order and then doubtlesse in time being advanced he cannot but command well so that here in ordering of this as in all things we see vicissitudes and alterations some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order other Regiments reduced taking an end as occasion and accidents of warre doe happen Spynies Regiment was reduced and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatoribus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Instinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander 2 story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleâ—red by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pâ—etty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holâ—ten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Fuâ—eland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for
Berleine fearing Generall Tillie with his Armie might come behinde us whiles we were ingaged with the Towne keeping onely of all the Cavalerie the Rhinegrave and his Regiment besides the Infanterie in case of out-falling to second us against the horsemen that were within the Towne The Cavalerie thus directed his Majestie then perceiving the feare of his enemies having voluntarily fiered their fore-Towne tooke their feare as a presage of his future victory commanded a part of the commanded Musketiers to goe in through the fore-Towne being on fire and to lodge themselves being advanced to the very port till such time as his Majestie should dispose of the rest of the Armie in directing every Briggade apart to their severall poasts The yellow and the blew Briggade were directed to lodge in the Vineyards on the side of the Towne next Castrene being commanded to advance their guards before them while as the rest of the Briggade should lodge and lie in one body at their Armes to be still in readinesse in case of an out-fall the white Briggade called Damits Briggade was appointed to lodge in the fore-Towne to guard the commanded Musketiers that lay betwixt them and the danger at the Port right under the walles Hepburne his Briggade was commanded to lie neare unto the other Port and to advance their guards also the rest of the commanded men to lie neare vnto the other Port and to advance their Guards also the rest of the commanded Musketiers being commanded by Major Iohn Sinclaire were commanded to lye on a hight neere a Church-yard that was direct before the enemies workes besides which there was a Battery made and the Artillery and Amunition of the Armie as commonly was usuall was placed behinde our Briggade and the Rhinegraves horsemen behinde us all things thus ordered and placed commanded folkes out of all Briggads were commanded out proportionally for making of Cannon Baskets and for casting of Trenches Then according to custome his Majestie himselfe and Colonell Tyvell went to Recognosâ—e neare the wall where Colonell Tyvell was shot in the left arme his Majestie then making openly great moane for him alleaging he had no helpe then but of Hepburne in the same instant my Lievetenant David Monro was shot in the legge with a Musket Bullet and my Major Iohn Sinclaire commanding the commanded Musketiers neere to his Majestie where the Battery was making the enemy hanging out a Goose in derision they presently fell out above two hundred of them upon our Guard who received them with volees of Musket and they being too strong for the guard his Majestie commanded the Major to send an Officer and fiftie Musketiers more to second the Guard Neverthelesse the enemy still pushing our guard backwards making them give ground incontinent his Majestie commanded the Major with a hundred Musketiers more to fall on and to resist the enemy in relieving the Guard which the Major suddenly obeyed making the enemy retire with greater haste than he advanced where their Lievetenant Colonell and a Captaine were taken prisoners and after the Major taking in a Church-yard that lay right before the enemyes workes and keeping his Guarde there he did keepe the enemy under awe so that we were no more troubled with their out-falling though diverse of our Officers and souldiers were hurt by them from their workes the Church-yard being no shelter for our Guard that lay just under their workes On Sunday in the morning being Palme-sunday his Maiestie with his whole Armie in their best apparell served God his Maiestie after Sermon encouraging our souldiers wished them to take their evill dayes they had then in patience and that he hoped before long to give them better dayes in making them drinke wine insteade of water they were then drinking and immediately his Maiestie gave orders unto Generall Bannier to command all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntier and desired him to put on a light corselet with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiâ—rs besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame oâ— before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting aâ—l Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead
admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modâ— though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Centrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an
undoe our selves with wanting of it Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory being our noble friends and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country and helpers of our credits Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths and while they lived were our most faithfull and loving Camerades even unto their last breath But since they are gone before us to take in quarters in heaven following their great Captaine who hath made the way open for them being stricken as Iob saith by the hand of the Lord and yet placed at his right hand shall we be sorry for them No we will rather rejoyce and thinke we must follow them when we have fought that good fight against our enemies we shall be crowned with them in glory and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth and till then his right hand will sustaine us as before for he is our helper and hath sworne by his right hand and the Arme of his strength that he will not forsake us till we rest with him in glory Here also we see that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne or the Dutch he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy till his Majesties retreate were made sure both first and last Where we see that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie for no greater testimony can be given of true service than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master as that young Cavalier Captaine Mac-Kenyee did here being a generous act for the safetie of a King which ought to be recorded to vindicate his honour from oblivion whose memory merits to be rewarded that others might imitate his noble example Here also we see that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey then an Ensigne not able to helpe himselfe his Camerades loving him dearely and the more for his noble sufferance they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies to preserve his life for a better occasion who by Gods providence was miraculously healed having lost a great part of his shoulder a wonder in an age such wounds to be cured The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen where the Regiment was completed againe with the Recreut AS all things are preserved by a glorious order so his Majestie after his retreate beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten or otherwise with his sword in his hand make an honourable peace after which resolution taken there was order sent to my Colonell to bring his Regiment to the fields and to reforme the weake Companies that have no Recreut brought over and to strengthen the rest of the Companies till the Regiment was made complete Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland his Company was cashier'd and Captaine Annans also in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire viz. Captaine George Stewart and Captaine Francis Trafford which were both joyned to the Regiment The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scotland joyned also to the Regiment Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lievetenant to the Colonels Company Lievetenant Stewart being married having stayd in Scotland with his wife his place was given to Eye Mac-Key and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee The Lievetenant Colonell having quit the Regiment I succeeded to his place and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart the Earle of Traquairs brother succeeded Captaine to the Company Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant the Captaines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne Tullough his Company was recreâ—ted and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson Iohn Monro his Company being recreuted long David Monro was made Lievetenant and long William Stewart Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete William Carre was made Lievetenant and Hector Monro Ensigne The Regiment thus complete was mustred and received a moneths meanes together with a reckoning of their by-past rests with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine for the payment of the moneys The Regiment thus contented the Colonell Captaine Monro of Obstell and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine the Regiment being left under my command was directed to winter Garrisons as followeth The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine Iohn Ennis Lievetenant and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne were quartered in Langland Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer Andrew Monro being his Lievetenant and Iohn Rhode Ensigne Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also and the foresaid Officers Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers foresaid were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland Captaine George Stewart Robert Hâ—ine Lievetenant and Iohn Sanders Ensigne were quartered in Alzenburgh Captaine Francis Trafford his company being Welsh with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland My company which was Lermonds with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments viz. Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer where Lievetenant Andrew Monro a valourous young Gentleman was killed in Combate by a Dutch called Ranso and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me as Ensigne to the Colonells Company the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck treating for a peace with the Emperour The twenty-one Observation IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order the Sunne hath his appointed circuite the Moone her constant change and every planet and Starre their proper course and place the Earth also hath her unstirred stations the Sea is confined in limits and in his ebbing and flowing dances as it were after the influence and aspect of the Moone whereby it is kept from putrefaction and by strugling with it selfe from over flowing the land So that in this world order is the life of Kingdoms Honours Artes for by the excellency of it all things florish and thrive and therefore we see that this order is requisite to be observed in nothing more than in military discipline being the life of it Regiments then maintained in good order the Army can be but well ordered and the Army well ordered the King and country cannot but stand
man gold or money can doe nothing Let us then following the example of this King who was Godly seek to the King of Kings for his Kingdome the righteousnesse thereof then surely all other things will goe well with us as it did with our Master and Leader The fourteenth Duty discharged of our March from Wirben to our Leaguer at Wittenberg THE certainty of Generall Tillies march with the Army unto Saxonie being come unto his Majesty and that he was to joyne at Leipsigh with the forces were come to him from the upper Circles of Germany as also out of Italy which being joyned together his resolution was to spoile the Dukes country or to force him to turne Emperialist which being understood by his Majesty his Majesty very wisely resolved to prevent him in this as he had done in his former intentions And therefore wiâ—h diâ—gence bringing together the whole strength of his horses wiâ—h two thousand Dragoniers he marched towards Rattino where Felt-marshall Horne did lie with a part of the Army to whom he gave orders to be in readinesse on his first advertisment as also he appointed Generall Banner to recollect and bring up such forces as were levied in the Markes of Brandenburg and to be in readinesse at his Majesties appointment for a march In like manner his Majesty did leave the care of commanding the Leaguer at Werben to Generall Lievetenant Bautis so farre as concerned the command of the Cavalerie and Sr. Iohn Hepburne was ordained to command and to care for the foote which being done his Majesty continued his march towards the passe of Wittenberg for to meete Felt-marshall Arnham who was appointed by the Duke of Saxon to treate with his Majesty for confirming of the Aliance and confederacy formerly treated betwixt his Majesty and â—he Duke in time of the Treaty his Majesty being in hopes of a happy conclusion he did direct orders to the Felt-marshall Horne and to Generall Lievetenant Bawtis to breake up with both their forces of horse and fooâ—e and to march towards Wittenberg Likewise order was sent to Colonell Cagge to breake up from Haggleberg with his Regiment and with Colonell Monro of Fowles his Regiment for to joyne both with the Army on their march which continued orderly to the Randezvouz appoâ—nted to meete with the Felt-marshall being within foure miles of Wittenberg where we did come together and immediatly the Felt-marshall did put the Army in good order of Battell horse foote and Artillery The baggage also was placed and directed to march a part from the Army On Sunday the twenty eight of August 1631. we continue our march towards Wittenberg where a mile from the Towne we rejoyced at the sight of our Master and Leader Gustavus the invincible who with the party did joyne with us and immediatly he tooke the paines to bring that Royall Army in order of Battaile where on the sudden his Majesties dexterity in command did appeare to the great contentment of the whole Army and marching a while in Battell order having halted neere the part where our Leaguer was appointed to be we were commanded to incampe for that night on the field as we stood in Battell The next morning the Leaguer being divided in severall quarters and our Quarter-masters and Furriers having made their right designation of every Regiments quarter and having divided their quarters proportionally amongst the companies they being ready every Briggad whose quarters were first design'd marched unâ—o the Leaguer possessing themselves with their Quarters they begun orderly to place their Colours and their watch then every particular Cameradship did strive who could best provide themselves of convenient lodgings where we were to rest for a weeke Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro being come before his Colonell from Scotland with a company he was made to march from Statin to Werben and from thence to Wittenberg being then ordained to march with our Regiment with whom did come from Scotland Robert Monro Kilternes sonne out of love to see his friends who contracting a feaver at Wittenberg died there and was honourably buried The fourteenth Observation HIS Majesty like a wise and prudent Generall we see would not sturre from his Leaguer at Werben till first he was made certaine by good intelligence of his enemies designe counsell and resolution which being well knowne his Majesty then resolved by preventing of them to make them unprofitable and truly the discoverer of such plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded seeing by the discovery of our enemies designes we were made to resist dis intended evill against us Happy therefore are those intelligences that come in time and there ought to be no delay used in taking that counsell that cannot be praised till the turne be done and things once deliberated should be quickly done and though he be a brave fellow who doubts in advising yet in action he ought to be confident as Gustavus was getting intelligence of the enemies designe with celerity he tooke his horses and Dragoniers with him and leaving his foote and Cannon he advanced to the passe of Wittenberg for to prevent Tillie who was striving to make the Duke turne Emperialist but Gustavus wisely taking the ball at the right rebound he did turne the Duke by Gods providence both soule and body good Swede Where cleerely we may see the Lords powerfull hand and providence in this as in all humane affaires suffering things sometimes to take delayes Notwithstanding of mans instant urging the Lord deferres to his appointed time that the glory may be given unto himselfe alone and not to mans wit or policy For as the Rudder in a ship doth with a little motion governe all the ship even so God the director and governour of the world doth move the whole himselfe not sturring And as there is one God in the heavens that governes all the frame of the earth so the Lord hath his Substitutes on earth whom he hath made above their fellowes in judgment and heroike vertues yet he himselfe keepes the Prerogative above them all in commanding them to let us see that all the event and conclusions of Kings projects and intentions be they never so powerfull availe nothing to the furtherance of their intentions till they first acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God that distributes them againe on his servants when he pleaseth that they may learne to glorify him and not their owne wit or policy which is so much as nothing till he consent This God then the author and doer of all things and of this union and confederacy that eternall I say and provident God-head that governes the motions of the Heavens the starres variable courses the Elementary changes all things above and beneath the earth ruling and governing spreading where he pleaseth his light beames from his eternity and with a winke piercing into the Bowells of heaven earth and sea he doth not only goe before them but in them seeing and knowing all and governing them
which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wyâ—ar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grossâ—roote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the left going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armie thus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragoniers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Duke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave â—on Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious
themselves which made his Majesty contrary to his custome ingage his Army and once being ingaged upon slight intelligence the reliefes went on so fast the service being so hot for a time that it was long before the losse was perceived where it is to be pittied that the errour and fault of another should be made to posterity as his Majesties over-sight by those that know no better for though a King leading an Army had Argos eyes yet it is impossible he should looke unto all things himselfe The fault of one here we see with the losse of many was irrecoverable and he that before this day was the terrour of the Empire by his former successe being deceived with false intelligence is thought to have overseene himselfe the errour of another being imputed unto his Majesty in losing so many brave fellowes which shou'd teach others to be the more circumspect in recognoscing before they should ingage men in bringing them upon the shamble bankes Here also we see that his Majesty was was ever enâ—my to idlenesse for he had no sooner brought off his Army from pursuing his enemies but incontinent he sets them againe to worke for their owne safeties and that within reach of his enemies Cannon to the end it might not be said but he attended their out-comming lest his Army might be discouraged at a present Retreate after such a great losse for if the service had continued the whole Armie had beene indangered yet a valourous Captaine as our Leader was as he feares nothing entering on service so he ought to set light by nothing he sees tending to his prejudice but ought timely to retire with as little losse as he may for it were a grosse errour to despise our enemies through too much confidence in our selves for some times by despising our enemies as here we make them the more valiant and if they be ambitious the more respect we give them the lesse we neede to feare them And it is necessarie when an Armie doth get a clappe as we did here then incontinent and with all diligence we should presse to trie our enemie againe wheresoever we can have any advantage lest our enemy might judge us altogether to have yeelded and given over which were very dangerous The bouldnesse of one bould fellow at first being a Leader may ingage a whole Armie for want of judgement as was done here going before this hill of Nurenberg where as many were brought in danger as did tread in the first Leaders paths through lacke of judgement having beene all of them more heady than wise yet to dare being annexed unto vertue is the beginning of victory neverthelesse a hasty man in an Armie without judgement and discretion is to be disallowed of aswell as a coward On my Poste under the Hill after I was shot a sudden feare came amongst the Souldiers some thirtie horse having suddenly come through the wood as if they had beene chased the most part both Officers and Souldiers ranne away leaving mee with a few number on the Poste so that if the enemie had fallen out I could not have escaped from being kill'd or taken but as soone as they perceived that I with the Souldiers remained by me had unhorsed and taken some of the horsemen who were found to bee friends they being ashamed of their miscarriage retired having accidentally rencountred with Hepburs Captaine Lievetenant who brought them up againe whom I threatned to shew his Majestie of their behaviours neverthelesse being loath to incurre the hatred of a brave Nation for the misbehaviour of some unworthy fellowes their blemishes I pressed to cover notwithstanding afterwards some of the Officers amongst themselves came to a publique hearing having blamed one another till the question and disgrace was taken away by shewing their particular courage in fighting one against another whereof I kept my self free suffering them to deale amongst them being Country-men This kinde of Panicke feare without cause doth betray many brave men and divers good enterprizes And therfore all good Commanders ought most carefully to looke unto it to avoyde the inconveniences incident unto the like while as they leade either partie or Armie Wee once marching through a woode towards Franckfurt on the Oder the white Regiment marching in the Van having a naturall foole that marched alwayes before them going within a bush throwing off his clothes returning naked and crying he had seene the enemie the whole Souldiers of that Briggad throwing downe their Armes they ranne backe on the next Briggad being Swedens and they running also away till they were holden up with pikes by our Briggad being the third who having stood and asked the reason of their running away in end being found a false and a foolish Alarum the poore foole was pittifully cut and carved by the Officers for the Souldiers phantasticke feare being a poore revenge for their cowardize so that we see by the example of the third Briggad that the best remedie against such Panicke feares is not to feare at all and none should leade Armies but those that are both wise and stout The thirty-seventh Duty discharged of our up-breaking from Nurenberg towards Newstat AFTER this last dayes service his Majestie having intrenched his Armie before the Emperiall Leaguer and finding them unwilling to hazard the Combate as also the scarcitie of victuals growing so great on both sides his Majestie resolved to beset Nurenberg with foure Regiments Fowles his Regiment being one Generall Major Kâ—iphowsen had the Command over the Swedens and Generall Major Salammers-dorfâ—e had Command over the Burgers and the Rex-chancellor Oxesterne was appointed by his Majestie to have the direction of all His Majestie leaving Nurenberg in this manner in the night he sent away his great Cannon with a Convoy towards Newstat and before day the whole Drummes had orders to beate first afore troope gathering and then a march so that we were in readinesse standing in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer by day where we stood till mid-day and then the whole Armie was commanded to make a quarter Toure to the right hand making our front before to be our left Flancke whereon our Coulours and small Ordinance did march and our right wing being our Van we marched off in view of the enemie Duke Bernard of Wymare with a thousand horse and five hundred musketiers commanded by my Lievenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire who was appointed to march in the Reare for making our Retreate good which in a manner was needlesse seeing our enemie lacked courage to follow us but suffered us to depart in peace At night we drew up in Battaile a mile from the enemies Leaguer where we incamped setting forth strong watches of horse and musketiers on the passes betwixt us and the enemie and our Reare-Guarde betwixt us and them and our owne Guardes without our Briggads so having quietly past over the night the next morning we marched to Newstad being the fifteenth of September where we resolved to stay a few
Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his pannâ— and prime againe having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketâ—ers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving-fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and
above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they â—ouble Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the right hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left hand double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then