common_a manner_n not_o on_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o the_o first_o sort_n it_o be_v of_o a_o better_a taste_n and_o wholesome_o than_o the_o common_a jaka_fw-mi the_o tree_n spread_v itself_o very_o much_o and_o be_v extraordinary_a high_a and_o broad_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o calcine_v shell_n of_o these_o two_o prickly_a fruit_n the_o indian_n make_v a_o composition_n which_o they_o use_v in_o stead_n of_o soap_n or_o lie_v to_o scour_v clothes_n with_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n quantung_v quangsi_n junnan_n foquieu_n and_o on_o the_o nas_fw-la island_n ainan_n grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n a_o fruit_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v fanpolomie_n by_o the_o brasilian_n according_a to_o piso_n nano_n according_a to_o lerius_fw-la panaco_n by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o new-spain_n jajama_n from_o its_o likeness_n with_o a_o pineapple_n and_o by_o the_o portuguese_n ananas_n which_o they_o hammer_v without_o doubt_n from_o the_o brasilian_n name_n nana_n the_o ripe_a fruit_n be_v very_a juycie_n and_o of_o a_o sweetish_a taste_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sowrness_n of_o a_o deep_a vermillion_a colour_n or_o as_o acosta_n say_v yellow_a as_o big_a as_o a_o melon_n or_o cytron_n or_o as_o boem_n write_v as_o a_o pineapple_n the_o edge_n be_v of_o a_o lively_a colour_n good_a smell_n nay_o so_o strong_a it_o be_v that_o any_o person_n walk_v may_v smell_v in_o what_o house_n they_o hang_v up_o in_o to_o ripen_v it_o be_v general_o without_o full_a of_o whitish_a knob_n the_o ripe_a fruit_n be_v crown_v with_o a_o young_a plant_n which_o cut_v off_o and_o without_o root_n for_o it_o have_v none_o put_v into_o the_o ground_n bear_v fruit_n the_o next_o year_n every_o plant_n produce_v only_o one_o fruit_n a_o year_n and_o that_o fruit_n a_o new_a plant_n which_o when_o cut_v off_o and_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o old_a be_v pull_v out_o and_o throw_v away_o as_o unfruitful_a the_o root_n be_v like_a that_o of_o a_o artichoke_n the_o fruit_n slice_v and_o steep_v in_o wine_n give_v it_o a_o excellent_a savour_n and_o relish_n but_o bite_v the_o tongue_n and_o heat_n the_o palate_n the_o juice_n thereof_o refresh_v the_o faint_a heart_n revive_v the_o spirit_n and_o strengthen_v a_o squeamish_a stomach_n moreover_o its_o juice_n or_o wine_n much_o more_o the_o distil_v water_n be_v exceed_v good_a against_o the_o gravel_n the_o root_n also_o be_v a_o remedy_n to_o cure_v the_o forementioned_a distemper_n but_o those_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o or_o be_v careful_a to_o avoid_v ague_n must_v be_v sure_a to_o abstain_v both_o from_o the_o fruit_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o china_n also_o produce_v several_a sort_n of_o spice_n and_o aromatic_a plant_n in_o the_o southern_a province_n border_v upon_o india_n though_o in_o no_o great_a abundance_n viz._n pepper_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n call_v hucyao_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n cinnamon_n as_o already_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n and_o quangsi_n but_o there_o be_v exceed_o good_a ginger_n in_o great_a abundance_n which_o they_o call_v sem_fw-mi kiam_fw-la and_o store_n of_o coco-nut_n in_o the_o southern_a province_n and_o especial_o on_o the_o isle_n ainan_n but_o because_o all_o those_o plant_n and_o fruit_n have_v be_v large_o describe_v by_o other_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o make_v rehearsal_n thereof_o in_o several_a place_n in_o china_n grow_v the_o plant_n tee_fw-mi or_o cha_fw-mi so_o call_v by_o the_o chinese_n cha._n by_o which_o name_n it_o be_v know_v among_o we_o and_o cia_n or_o tchia_n and_o tsia_n by_o the_o japanner_n though_o among_o the_o chinese_n according_a to_o the_o several_a place_n wherein_o it_o grow_v it_o have_v several_a denomination_n as_o likewise_o from_o its_o goodness_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o thirteen_o county_n chucheufu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v call_v the_o best_a tee_fw-mi sunglocha_n those_o of_o the_o three_o county_n hucheufu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n kiaichai_n those_o in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n ziazcha_n the_o water_n or_o liquor_n in_o which_o this_o plant_n be_v boil_v be_v also_o by_o the_o chineses_n bort_n proper_o call_v tee_fw-mi and_o cha_fw-mi and_o chia_n or_o tsia_n by_o the_o japanner_n there_o be_v those_o which_o say_v that_o tsia_n or_o chia_n in_o general_n signify_v meat_n and_o drink_n as_o loe_o chia_n will_v you_o please_v to_o have_v meat_n or_o drink_n the_o plant_v the_o according_a to_o martin_n and_o trigaut_n be_v a_o shrub_n and_o no_o tree_n grow_v about_o the_o piso._n height_n of_o a_o european_a rasberry-bush_n or_o rose-tree_n and_o martin_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a bough_n be_v like_o the_o myrtle-tree_n and_o partly_o taste_v like_o it_o yet_o grow_v not_o wild_a but_o be_v plant_v piso._n the_o bough_n and_o stalk_n of_o the_o whole_a sprout_n be_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n always_o full_a of_o leave_n and_o flower_n the_o leave_n be_v thin_a sharp_a before_o and_o notch_v round_o about_o in_o shape_n oval_n in_o bigness_n like_o those_o of_o the_o granate-tree_n and_o though_o of_o one_o shape_n yet_o be_v of_o such_o several_a bigness_n that_o on_o one_o sprout_v four_o or_o five_o size_n of_o leave_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o first_o and_o big_a grow_v on_o the_o undermost_a bough_n and_o be_v like_o the_o leave_v of_o garden-balsom_n the_o second_o size_n much_o less_o than_o the_o first_o so_o according_o the_o rest_n which_o grow_v high_a still_o lessen_v more_o and_o more_o but_o as_o much_o as_o the_o uppermost_a leave_n abate_v in_o bigness_n so_o much_o they_o increase_v in_o value_n for_o one_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o leave_n dry_v and_o prepare_v cost_v five_o penny_n the_o second_o sort_n fifty_o the_o three_o ten_o shilling_n the_o four_o if_o right_o prepare_v thirty_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o value_n follow_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o virtue_n which_o according_a to_o trigaut_n be_v very_o considerable_a insomuch_o that_o they_o often_o give_v for_o one_o pound_n of_o the_o best_a two_o sometime_o three_o ducat_n in_o japan_n the_o best_a cost_n ten_o and_o twelve_o ducat_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o the_o be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a white_a in_o bigness_n and_o shape_n like_o the_o eglantine_n but_o not_o in_o smell_n which_o according_a to_o martin_n be_v faintyish_a after_o the_o fall_n off_o of_o the_o flower_n there_o remain_v a_o cod_n or_o husk_n which_o be_v first_o green_n and_o afterward_o turn_v black_a in_o it_o lie_v a_o round_a black_a seed_n like_o those_o of_o rose_n this_o seed_n sow_v yield_v a_o new_a plant_n in_o three_o year_n time_n martin_n the_o root_n be_v full_a of_o string_n divide_v into_o several_a knob_n which_o lie_v not_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n but_o be_v just_o cover_v with_o the_o same_o and_o be_v for_o no_o use_n all_o the_o virtue_n of_o this_o plant_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o leave_n the_o fresh_a and_o young_a of_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o make_v their_o drink_n cha_fw-mi they_o gather_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n one_o by_o one_o and_o immediate_o put_v they_o to_o warm_v in_o a_o iron_n kettle_n over_o the_o fire_n then_o lay_v they_o a_o on_o fine_a light_n mat_n roll_n they_o together_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o leave_v thus_o roll_a up_o be_v again_o hang_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o then_o again_o roll_a close_o together_o till_o they_o be_v dry_a and_o then_o put_v up_o careful_o in_o tin_n vessel_n thereby_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o all_o moystness_n trigaut_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o chineses_n dry_v not_o the_o leave_v over_o the_o fire_n but_o in_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o leave_n be_v some_o differnece_n betwixt_o the_o japanner_n and_o chineses_n for_o they_o say_v trigaut_n throw_v some_o of_o the_o leave_n into_o a_o pot_n of_o boil_a water_n which_o when_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o leaf_n be_v sufficient_o infuse_v into_o it_o they_o drink_v hot_a without_o eat_v the_o leave_n the_o chineses_n as_o the_o lord_n tulp_n tell_v we_o boil_v the_o leave_n with_o a_o little_a salt_n and_o sugar_n to_o take_v away_o the_o bitterness_n in_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o they_o drink_v warm_a or_o else_o they_o put_v a_o handful_n of_o the_o leave_n in_o a_o pint-pot_n then_o pour_v it_o full_a of_o scald_a water_n and_o about_o two_o or_o three_o minute_n after_o drink_v the_o same_o very_a hot_a the_o chineses_n general_o both_o night_n and_o day_n drink_v of_o the_o liquor_n wherein_o the_o fore_n mention_v leave_n be_v boil_v and_o not_o only_o ordinary_o at_o table_n but_o have_v it_o ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n at_o great_a entertainment_n and_o the_o great_a noble_n and_o prince_n think_v not_o much_o to_o prepare_v it_o themselves_o and_o have_v in_o their_o
likewise_o be_v to_o your_o satisfaction_n this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o intend_v to_o advise_v you_o in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n the_o eight_o month_n the_o nine_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o the_o reign_n xunchi_n somewhat_o low_a stand_v hongtee_n thoepe_v the_o hollander_n thus_o frustrate_v of_o their_o expectation_n have_v obtain_v nothing_o else_o than_o to_o come_v every_o eight_o year_n once_o with_o merchandise_n to_o trade_n in_o the_o country_n leave_v off_o prosecute_a the_o design_n with_o so_o much_o eagerness_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n but_o since_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o island_n tayowan_n and_o formosa_fw-la take_v from_o the_o hollander_n by_o koxinga_n or_o iquon_n and_o his_o associate_n anno_fw-la 1661._o they_o renew_v their_o suit_n to_o the_o tartar_n for_o a_o free_a trade_n on_o promise_n and_o assurance_n that_o if_o they_o shall_v meet_v with_o coxinga_n either_o at_o sea_n or_o land_n they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o destroy_v he_o as_o a_o common_a enemy_n both_o to_o the_o tartar_n and_o hollander_n therefore_o since_o the_o isle_n of_o tayowan_n formosa_fw-la and_o coxinga_n will_v be_v often_o make_v mention_n of_o in_o this_o our_o relation_n and_o that_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o those_o place_n the_o hollander_n renew_v their_o old_a request_n under_o pretence_n of_o help_n to_o ruin_v the_o enemy_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a and_o this_o our_o business_n seem_v indeed_o to_o require_v a_o brief_a description_n of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o and_o withal_o a_o relation_n how_o coxinga_n take_v they_o from_o the_o hollander_n of_o formosa_fw-la the_o formosan_n isle_n former_o call_v by_o the_o chinese_n paccande_v extend_v itself_o formosa_fw-la in_o length_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n and_o in_o breadth_n east_n and_o west_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o league_n in_o circuit_n the_o prospect_n show_v you_o much_o rise_a ground_n and_o a_o hilly_a country_n which_o abound_v with_o deer_n great_a store_n of_o wild_a goat_n hare_n coney_n swine_n tiger_n and_o the_o luvasey_n who_o flesh_n have_v a_o delightful_a and_o excellent_a relish_n the_o wood_n also_o have_v no_o want_n of_o pheasant_n and_o pigeon_n the_o ground_n be_v fruitful_a produce_v store_n of_o sugar_n ginger_n cinnamon_n coco-nut_n and_o several_a other_o necessary_n fit_a for_o humane_a sustenance_n beside_o full_a of_o populous_a village_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a lord_n not_o depend_v on_o nor_o acknowledge_v any_o superior_a so_o that_o each_o town_n be_v a_o republic_n they_o still_o have_v war_n and_o be_v at_o difference_n one_o with_o another_o town_n against_o town_n village_n against_o village_n insomuch_o that_o peace_n never_o set_v foot_n in_o that_o isle_n of_o their_o many_o village_n the_o prime_a and_o of_o chief_a note_n be_v sinkan_n mandauw_n soulang_n backeloang_v taffacan_a tifulucan_n teopan_n and_o tefurang_n the_o last_o in_o a_o valley_n near_o the_o highland_n where_o fort_n zelandia_n stand_v former_o call_v tayovan_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o village_n be_v rude_a and_o savage_a robu_v and_o almost_o of_o a_o savage_a gigantic_a size_n not_o black_a like_o the_o caffer_n and_o count_v it_o no_o immodesty_n to_o go_v stark_o custom_n naked_a their_o woman_n well_o build_v for_o stowage_n short_a and_o incline_v to_o grossness_n wear_v apparel_n yet_o twice_o a_o day_n they_o strip_v themselves_o and_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o bathe_v and_o wash_v in_o public_a these_o though_o a_o barbarous_a people_n be_v kind_a to_o the_o netherlander_n hearty_o entertain_v they_o with_o their_o own_o though_o mean_v yet_o wholesome_a fare_n soulang_n breed_v a_o needy_a spiteful_a inhospitable_a and_o bloody_a people_n notwithstanding_o soulang_n the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n they_o common_o live_v in_o want_n be_v extreme_a lazy_a tilling_n no_o more_o than_o they_o suppose_v will_v supply_v their_o necessity_n which_o often_o fall_v short_a they_o be_v so_o hardly_o put_v to_o it_o that_o when_o they_o perceive_v provision_n grow_v scant_o they_o live_v spare_o many_a day_n or_o else_o they_o may_v be_v utter_o famish_a for_o in_o such_o exigency_n they_o never_o help_v one_o another_o nay_o they_o be_v so_o supine_o slothful_a that_o the_o woman_n do_v all_o the_o business_n of_o the_o field_n plough_n sow_n and_o reap_v have_v neither_o horse_n nor_o any_o other_o cattle_n to_o help_v they_o the_o drudgery_n be_v the_o more_o because_o they_o make_v it_o gardener_n work_n for_o only_o with_o spade_n they_o dig_v and_o turn_v the_o glebe_n and_o where_o their_o corn_n grow_v thick_a especial_o rice_n they_o pluck_v it_o out_o with_o their_o hand_n and_o set_v it_o where_o they_o find_v the_o blade_n come_v up_o thin_a and_o in_o harvest_n know_v neither_o scythe_n nor_o sickle_n which_o try_v their_o patience_n crop_n with_o a_o tool_n like_o a_o prune_v knife_n stalk_v by_o stalk_v a_o span_n below_o the_o ear_n which_o without_o thresh_v they_o store_v up_o in_o their_o house_n hang_v it_o in_o the_o evening_n in_o small_a bundle_n over_o the_o fire_n and_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o woman_n rise_v and_o rice_n pound_n so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v they_o that_o day_n for_o their_o lazy_a lord_n and_o family_n beside_o rice_n and_o other_o grain_n they_o sow_v carrot_n set_a water-melon_n pinang_v quach_n taraum_n and_o pt_v this_o isle_n be_v not_o store_v with_o such_o wine_n as_o other_o place_n in_o india_n have_v which_o their_o tree_n produce_v but_o they_o have_v another_o sort_n of_o liquor_n that_o inebriate_v no_o less_o than_o the_o indian_a or_o juice_n of_o the_o spanish_a grape_n which_o they_o prepare_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o take_v a_o quantity_n of_o rice_n which_o they_o put_v in_o a_o vessel_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o boil_v it_o which_o turn_v out_o they_o knead_v into_o little_a ball_n or_o pellet_n when_o they_o be_v well_o chew_v they_o put_v they_o into_o another_o pot_n there_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o grow_v sour_a to_o this_o they_o pour_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o spring-water_n which_o be_v so_o put_v together_o work_v a_o month_n or_o two_o for_o so_o long_o it_o will_v ferment_n than_o it_o become_v a_o clear_a pleasant_a wholesome_a and_o strong_a liquor_n which_o the_o long_o keep_v the_o better_a grow_v for_o it_o will_v hold_v good_a thirty_o eormesa_n year_n the_o top_n of_o this_o drink_n be_v thin_a and_o clear_a the_o bottom_n or_o sediment_n thick_a like_o our_o pap_n the_o thin_a make_v their_o drink_n with_o which_o they_o often_o fuddle_v the_o thick_a make_v their_o caudle_n to_o recover_v they_o which_o cropsick_a they_o eat_v with_o spoon_n this_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o to_o the_o field_n and_o take_v a_o do_v thereof_o when_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o thus_o yearly_o they_o spend_v most_o part_n of_o their_o rice_n the_o woman_n when_o their_o cultivation_n or_o land-work_n be_v do_v than_o they_o betake_v till_n themselves_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o launch_v out_o their_o boat_n which_o they_o call_v champan_n and_o fall_v to_o fish_n where_o they_o catch_v great_a store_n of_o crab_n oyster_n and_o gurnet_n which_o they_o salt_n without_o gutting_n and_o therefore_o though_o pickle_a keep_v not_o long_o but_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o breed_v worm_n yet_o they_o like_v it_o never_o the_o worse_o but_o look_v upon_o their_o dish_n as_o the_o great_a dainty_a the_o rank_a the_o hogooe_n their_o youth_n though_o strong_a and_o of_o able_a body_n spend_v their_o time_n in_o idleness_n and_o sloth_n and_o when_o forty_o year_n old_a than_o they_o settle_v themselves_o to_o laziness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o trade_n or_o handicraft_n spend_v twenty_o year_n in_o a_o methodical_a do_v of_o nothing_o in_o a_o small_a hut_n or_o hovel_n dandle_v their_o child_n or_o dalliance_n with_o their_o wife_n seldom_o or_o never_o stir_v out_o of_o their_o own_o limit_n or_o patch_n of_o ground_n unless_o invite_v either_o to_o a_o private_a or_o public_a feast_n or_o hunting-matche_n in_o which_o pleasure_n they_o take_v some_o pain_n use_v several_a and_o hunt_v indeed_o ingenious_a way_n to_o catch_v the_o game_n sometime_o practise_v deceit_n lay_v snare_n and_o trap_n of_o complicate_v rush_n and_o reed_n so_o artificial_o that_o they_o look_v fresh_a as_o if_o grow_v and_o ungathered_a set_v they_o in_o the_o haunt_v of_o wild_a boar_n lay_v of_o dere_n and_o the_o like_a and_o so_o catch_v they_o wonder_v who_o make_v their_o new_a lodge_n and_o bed_n so_o soft_a and_o lay_v mesh_n in_o other_o invite_a place_n which_o if_o they_o take_v not_o willing_o nor_o observe_v such_o allurement_n they_o drive_v they_o in_o where_o they_o also_o make_v they_o their_o prey_n and_o they_o trapan_v they_o into_o pit_n dig_v and_o spread_v over_o with_o a_o light_n swarth_a or_o turf_n of_o grass_n support_v with_o brittle_a
in_o their_o manner_n of_o arm_n of_o all_o the_o formosan_n this_o king_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o brave_a person_n keep_v a_o constant_a guard_n and_o be_v always_o quarrel_v and_o make_v war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n he_o be_v former_o in_o friendship_n with_o the_o hollander_n and_o proud_a to_o serve_v under_o they_o as_o sergeant_n of_o a_o company_n the_o five_o be_v sapat_fw-la lie_v quite_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o formosa_fw-la and_o command_v over_o ten_o town_n the_o governor_n whereof_o be_v in_o league_n with_o pimaba_n the_o six_o dominion_n be_v call_v takabolder_n and_o have_v eight_o town_n beside_o several_a village_n under_o its_o jurisdiction_n in_o takabolder_n appear_v a_o exceed_a high_a mountain_n which_o may_v be_v see_v from_o tayowan_n the_o seven_o lordship_n be_v that_o of_o cardeman_n govern_v by_o a_o woman_n who_o for_o her_o kind_a reception_n of_o the_o christian_n be_v by_o the_o hollander_n call_v the_o good_a woman_n she_o command_v over_o five_o village_n when_o the_o hollander_n march_v into_o the_o field_n she_o send_v they_o provision_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o her_o subject_n and_o be_v a_o widow_n marry_v to_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n the_o eight_o territory_n have_v twelve_o village_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v deredou_n orrazo_n porraven_n barraba_n warrawarra_n tannatanna_n and_o cubeca_n the_o nine_o be_v call_v tokodekal_n and_o have_v seven_o town_n and_o seven_o village_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v tokodekal_n where_o the_o governor_n have_v his_o residence_n the_o ten_o name_v pukkal_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o handsome_a city_n and_o maintain_v a_o continual_a war_n against_o the_o seven_o village_n of_o tokodekal_n and_o likewise_o against_o percuzi_n and_o pergunu_n two_o town_n which_o make_v the_o eleven_o dominion_n beside_o all_o these_o forementioned_a place_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o lordship_n in_o the_o mountain_n but_o we_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o name_v they_o because_o they_o be_v so_o numerous_a and_o for_o that_o every_o one_o be_v for_o itself_o and_o continual_o make_v war_n one_o against_o another_o but_o those_o place_n which_o former_o the_o hollander_n have_v reduce_v they_o keep_v in_o good_a order_n and_o quiet_a these_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la and_o tayowan_n especial_o the_o coast_n suffer_v much_o 〈◊〉_d storm_n and_o tempest_n for_o oftentimes_o the_o wind_n blow_v down_o whole_a tree_n and_o house_n rend_v both_o wall_n and_o roof_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n beside_o by_o these_o huricane_n yearly_a many_o ship_n be_v lose_v that_o approach_n near_o the_o coast_n both_o these_o isle_n also_o endure_v terrible_a earthquake_n anno_fw-la 1654._o happen_v a_o mighty_a earthquake_n on_o the_o fourteen_o of_o december_n which_o continue_v with_o short_a intermission_n almost_o seven_o week_n together_o it_o also_o rain_v here_o very_o much_o wherefore_o none_o can_v travel_v above_o two_o month_n be_v december_n and_o january_n for_o than_o be_v general_o the_o fair_a wether_n but_o their_o great_a and_o perpetual_a rain_n happen_v only_o in_o july_n and_o august_n there_o be_v two_o mousons_n oâ—…_n stormy_a season_n the_o one_o the_o northern_a and_o the_o other_o the_o southern_a mouson_n the_o first_o begin_v in_o october_n and_o continue_v till_o march_v the_o second_o begin_v in_o may_n and_o hold_v till_o september_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v the_o unconstant_a month_n because_o of_o its_o often_o change_n of_o wether_n the_o circumjacent_a sea_n that_o wash_v the_o skirt_n of_o these_o isle_n abound_v with_o fish_n especial_o the_o hard_a or_o shepherd-fish_n and_o another_o call_v the_o kings-fish_n the_o chineses_n come_v yearly_a towards_o february_n from_o the_o main-land_n with_o thousand_o of_o jonk_n to_o take_v these_o shepherd_n some_o of_o the_o jonk_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v five_o or_o six_o hundred_o tun._n there_o sail_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o vessel_n among_o these_o jonk_n which_o they_o call_v koiaes_n or_o wankan_n somewhat_o small_a than_o our_o cock-boat_n this_o hard_a or_o shepherd_n be_v a_o fish_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o whiting_n which_o when_o take_v be_v slit_v to_o the_o back_n like_o habberdine_n then_o salt_v and_o pack_v up_o in_o barrel_n be_v send_v in_o pickle_n all_o over_o china_n as_o we_o and_o the_o hollander_n send_v our_o herring_n through_o europe_n the_o row_v of_o these_o fish_n be_v also_o salt_v and_o put_v into_o pot_n which_o remain_v very_o red_a be_v account_v for_o a_o great_a dainty_a among_o the_o chinese_n for_o the_o privilege_n of_o fish_v under_o this_o island_n the_o chineses_n use_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n of_o all_o fish_n for_o custom_n to_o the_o hollander_n there_o resident_a the_o soil_n have_v in_o it_o a_o natural_a fertility_n yet_o lie_v most_o part_n waste_v through_o the_o ignorance_n and_o sloth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o fruitfull_a tract_n the_o king_n of_o middag_n possess_v which_o produce_v abundance_n of_o rice_n wheat_n barley_n rye_n kayjang_v ginger_n sugar_n several_a sort_n of_o tree_n and_o great_a variety_n of_o fruit_n as_o lemon_n orange_n citron_n pumpeon_n water-melon_n cucumber_n ananasses_n china-root_n kadjang_v fokkafoka_n potato_n ube_n sweet-herb_n cabbage_n carrot_n and_o abundance_n of_o physical_a herb_n and_o cane-wood_n kadjang_fw-mi be_v a_o certain_a small_a seed_n green_a and_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o coriander_n which_o boil_v with_o salt_n and_o fresh_a fish_n give_v a_o more_o pleasant_a taste_n fokkafokas_n be_v a_o fruit_n like_o a_o pear_n but_o thrice_o as_o big_a as_o one_o of_o our_o great_a white_a on_o the_o shady_a side_n and_o on_o the_o other_o in_o stead_n of_o red_a of_o a_o purple_a colour_n and_o shine_v on_o the_o top_n like_o glass_n it_o be_v first_o cut_v into_o four_o quarter_n than_o boil_v with_o flesh_n or_o bacon_n like_o turnip_n carrot_n or_o colewort_n of_o the_o broth_n sweeten_v with_o sugar_n they_o make_v good_a drink_n they_o also_o have_v some_o few_o sheep_n and_o store_n of_o heart_n goat_n stag_n coney_n beast_n hare_n tame_a and_o wild_a swine_n tiger_n bear_n ape_n and_o the_o like_a but_o they_o have_v there_o also_o another_o kind_n of_o creature_n by_o the_o hollander_n call_v tayowans_n devil_n about_o a_o ell_n long_o and_o five_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v full_a of_o scale_n both_o under_o his_o belly_n and_o on_o his_o back_n have_v four_o foot_n a_o long_a sharp_a head_n very_o sharp_a claw_n and_o a_o tail_n thin_a at_o the_o end_n his_o food_n nothing_o but_o pismire_n for_o be_v hungry_a they_o put_v forth_o their_o tongue_n which_o when_o they_o perceive_v creep_v upon_o it_o they_o draw_v in_o again_o and_o so_o swallow_v their_o prey_n it_o be_v a_o enemy_n only_o to_o the_o ant_n and_o be_v very_o fearful_a of_o man_n from_o who_o it_o fly_v upon_o the_o first_o sight_n into_o any_o hole_n or_o else_o wind_n itself_o together_o but_o if_o take_v by_o the_o tail_n and_o shake_v open_v again_o so_o that_o the_o hollander_n have_v by_o a_o irony_n name_v it_o the_o tayowans_n devil_n be_v so_o harmless_a that_o it_o will_v neither_o offend_v another_o nor_o defend_v itself_o none_o of_o these_o be_v find_v in_o all_o asia_n but_o on_o this_o isle_n where_o they_o have_v all_o manner_n of_o fowl_n else_o except_o parrot_n there_o be_v also_o serpent_n millepedes_n scorpion_n hedgehog_n and_o many_o other_o monstrous_a creature_n they_o likewise_o oftentimes_o see_v great_a swarm_n of_o locust_n anno_fw-la 1655._o abundance_n of_o locust_n spread_v themselves_o over_o these_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la and_o tayowan_n at_o their_o first_o appearance_n in_o tayowan_n they_o fall_v down_o from_o the_o sky_n like_o a_o great_a snow_n here_o with_o we_o and_o cover_v the_o whole_a ground_n after_o two_o day_n they_o direct_v their_o way_n to_o sakkam_n multiply_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o no_o place_n be_v free_a of_o they_o the_o people_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v the_o young_a locust_n in_o sakkam_n in_o four_o or_o five_o day_n get_v thirty_o thousand_o picol_n weight_n but_o weight_n all_o prove_v in_o vain_a and_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v over_o when_o they_o see_v their_o prodigious_a increase_n utter_o destroy_v their_o sugar_n and_o rice_n field_n every_o where_o against_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o formosa_fw-la lie_v a_o great_a and_o rich_a golden_a mine_n surround_v by_o many_o other_o marble_n quarry_n at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o run_v a_o river_n with_o many_o wind_a reach_v so_o that_o any_o one_o which_o intend_v to_o go_v in_o quest_n of_o the_o gold_n must_v cross_v this_o stream_n above_o twenty_o time_n and_o not_o without_o great_a danger_n because_o of_o the_o stone_n which_o frequent_o tumble_v from_o the_o rock_n in_o august_n the_o great_a rains_n sweep_v down_o a_o incredible_a store_n of_o this_o rich_a metal_n which_o
river_n min_n be_v no_o way_n inferior_a either_o in_o beauty_n or_o worth_a or_o bigness_n to_o the_o metropolis_n father_n martin_n affirm_v this_o city_n to_o be_v venetus_n his_o quelingfu_n in_o this_o last_o tartarick_a war_n this_o city_n suffer_v much_o damage_n for_o have_v revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n it_o be_v take_v after_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n put_v to_o the_o sword_n the_o fire_n consume_v here_o a_o bridge_n over_o the_o swift_a river_n min_n the_o pillar_n whereof_o be_v of_o a_o exceed_a height_n of_o freestone_n the_o other_o part_n of_o wood_n beautify_v on_o the_o top_n with_o house_n and_o shop_n on_o each_o side_n but_o since_o by_o re-building_n it_o have_v regained_a somewhat_o of_o former_a lustre_n beyond_o the_o bridge_n on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n stand_v a_o stately_a pagode_n most_o of_o the_o new_a building_n fall_v short_a of_o their_o old_a beauty_n notwithstanding_o the_o chinese_n town_n that_o be_v consume_v by_o fire_n be_v much_o more_o easy_o rebuilt_a than_o those_o in_o europe_n because_o most_o of_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o wood._n near_o the_o city_n kienning_n be_v another_o fair_a bridge_n with_o shop_n and_o house_n on_o both_o side_n this_o city_n kienning_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n for_o all_o those_o commodity_n that_o come_v either_o up_o or_o down_o the_o river_n must_v pass_v through_o it_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o city_n puce_v they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o by_o porter_n carry_v to_o a_o village_n call_v pinghu_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n kiangxan_n over_o high_a mountain_n and_o deep_a valley_n four_o day_n journey_n in_o like_a manner_n they_o be_v carry_v from_o pinghu_n to_o puch_v the_o whole_a way_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o art_n or_o labour_n of_o man_n be_v make_v even_o and_o pave_v with_o square_a stone_n along_o who_o side_n be_v build_v many_o house_n and_o village_n only_o to_o entertain_v traveller_n the_o merchandise_n be_v first_o weigh_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o inn_n which_o send_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a gratuity_n by_o porter_n to_o other_o place_n where_o the_o merchant_n without_o any_o trouble_n receive_v they_o if_o any_o thing_n chance_n to_o be_v lose_v the_o host_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v it_o good_a here_o be_v always_o above_o ten_o thousand_o porter_n ready_a which_o wait_v to_o receive_v the_o good_n and_o carry_v they_o over_o the_o mountain_n because_o of_o this_o carriage_n of_o so_o many_o good_n a_o house_n stand_v erect_v for_o the_o receive_v a_o small_a custom_n or_o duty_n towards_o the_o maintain_n and_o reparation_n of_o the_o highway_n the_o five_o tract_n of_o land_n call_v jenpingfu_n make_v the_o centre_n of_o this_o territory_n and_o border_n in_o the_o east_n at_o the_o chief_a county_n focheufu_n in_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n at_o civencheufu_n and_o kancheufu_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n at_o tingcheufu_n xaounfu_n and_o kienningfu_n king_n cyn_n be_v the_o first_o that_o call_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o the_o country_n thereto_o belong_v jenp_v the_o family_n tangle_n name_v it_o kiencheu_o that_o of_o sing_v nankien_n but_o taim_v restore_v its_o ancient_a name_n jenp_v this_o jenpingfu_n contain_v seven_o town_n and_o city_n of_o which_o jenp_v be_v the_o chief_a next_o cianglo_n xa_n yonki_n xunchan_n jungan_n and_o tatien_n the_o city_n jenp_v lie_v on_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o the_o river_n min_n from_o whence_o it_o rise_v with_o its_o building_n up_o the_o hill_n render_v a_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o those_o that_o pass_v by_o and_o though_o none_o of_o the_o big_a yet_o it_o be_v beautify_v with_o several_a fair_a house_n the_o wall_n exceed_v in_o height_n the_o neighbour_a ascent_n which_o on_o the_o outside_n be_v inaccessible_a make_v the_o city_n very_o strong_a and_o indeed_o the_o key_n to_o the_o whole_a territory_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v a_o lake_n make_v by_o the_o river_n min_n and_o si._n almost_o every_o house_n be_v furnish_v with_o water_n convey_v to_o they_o through_o pipe_n from_o the_o mountain_n which_o convenience_n no_o other_o place_n in_o china_n have_v not_o far_o distant_a lay_n over_o the_o river_n min_n and_o si_fw-mi two_o fair_a bridge_n near_o which_o be_v two_o temple_n the_o town_n of_o xa_n lie_v on_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o the_o river_n taisu_n though_o former_o on_o the_o southern_a shore_n but_o be_v by_o the_o emperor_n order_n pull_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o leave_v desolate_a because_o in_o it_o a_o young_a man_n have_v murder_v his_o father_n the_o six_o division_n be_v tingcheufu_n be_v the_o most_o western_a of_o this_o territory_n border_n border_n easterly_a on_o jenpingfu_n on_o the_o southeast_n at_o quantung_a on_o the_o west_n at_o that_o of_o kiangsi_n and_o on_o the_o north_n xaounfu_n this_o country_n belong_v also_o heretofore_o to_o the_o prince_n min_n king_n cyn_n give_v it_o name_n the_o name_n of_o sinlo_n and_o the_o tang_z family_n that_o which_o it_o bear_v at_o present_a in_o which_o tincheufu_n be_v only_o a_o small_a town_n but_o the_o taimingian_n family_n make_v it_o a_o chief_a city_n this_o country_n contain_v eight_o town_n and_o city_n viz._n tingcheu_o the_o chief_a to_n winghon_n xanghang_fw-mi vupe_v cinglieu_n liench_v queihon_n and_o jungt_v the_o seven_o county_n call_v hinghaofu_n be_v a_o small_a yet_o fruitful_a country_n and_o border_n border_n on_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o south_n at_o civencheufu_n on_o the_o west_n at_o jenpingfu_n on_o the_o north_n at_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o metropolis_n focheu_fw-la king_n svi_fw-la give_v it_o first_o the_o name_n of_o putien_n the_o family_n sing_v that_o of_o hinghoa_o name_n which_o signify_v a_o bud_a flower_n afterward_o the_o same_o family_n call_v it_o hingan_n but_o by_o the_o taimingian_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o hinghoa_n be_v restore_v this_o shire_n have_v only_o two_o city_n whereof_o hinghoa_n be_v the_o chief_a the_o other_o to_n call_v sienlieu_n be_v but_o small_a but_o the_o country_n abound_v with_o village_n and_o hamlet_n all_o the_o way_n be_v sixty_o stadia_n long_a and_o a_o rod_n in_o breadth_n be_v pave_v with_o square_a freestone_n the_o city_n hinghoa_n be_v very_o neat_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o many_o triumphal_a arch_n and_o full_a of_o college_n for_o the_o train_n up_o of_o youth_n in_o literature_n and_o encouragement_n of_o learning_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mount_n hocung_n south-eastwards_a from_o hinghoa_n lie_v a_o village_n in_o splendour_n and_o bigness_n of_o building_n like_o a_o great_a city_n but_o have_v neither_o wall_n nor_o any_o privilege_n belong_v to_o it_o yet_o many_o rich_a merchant_n reside_v there_o which_o traffic_n through_o all_o china_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o lake_n ching_n lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mount_n chinve_v northward_o from_o hinghoa_n stand_v a_o great_a palace_n with_o ten_o garden_n belong_v to_o it_o in_o which_o before_o either_o rain_n or_o tempestuous_a wether_n happen_v as_o the_o chineses_n say_v be_v a_o ring_a noise_n hear_v like_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell._n the_o eight_o county_n be_v xaounfu_n border_n easterly_a at_o kienningfu_n in_o the_o south_n at_o jenpingfeu_n and_o tingcheufeu_n in_o the_o west_n north-west_n and_o north_n at_o the_o territory_n kiangsia_n this_o division_n reckon_v four_o city_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v xaouw_o the_o rest_n border_n quangce_n tain_v and_o kienning_n the_o city_n xaouw_n the_o most_o northern_a of_o this_o territory_n be_v ancient_o a_o mean_a place_n under_o the_o prince_n of_o mins_n jurisdiction_n and_o be_v first_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o the_o title_n of_o city_n give_v it_o by_o the_o family_n call_v tangle_n yet_o have_v ever_o preserve_v its_o name_n of_o xaouw_n it_o lie_v westerly_a of_o the_o river_n cuckoe_n and_o be_v cut_v through_o by_o the_o river_n ciao_n which_o pour_v its_o stream_n into_o the_o cuckoe_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o several_a small_a channel_n water_n the_o city_n because_o this_o county_n be_v a_o firm_a and_o profitable_a soil_n and_o on_o the_o border_n of_o country_n who_o passage_n be_v troublesome_a it_o be_v fortify_v with_o several_a castle_n garrison_v with_o soldier_n the_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n fon_v a_o mountainous_a fon_v country_n and_o the_o most_o eastern_a of_o this_o territory_n border_n in_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n at_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n at_o fochenfu_n in_o the_o west_n at_o kiennunfu_n in_o the_o north_n at_o the_o territory_n of_o chekiang_n it_o contain_v three_o town_n fon_v fogang_n and_o mingte_v the_o way_n through_o the_o mountain_n be_v very_o
dies_fw-la c_o a_o mourn_a stick_n for_o a_o mother_n d_o a_o mourn_a cap_n or_o bonnet_n of_o hemp_n for_o the_o death_n of_o father_n or_o mother_n e_o a_o coif_n of_o the_o same_o f_o a_o veil_n for_o woman_n for_o their_o father_n or_o mother_n g_o a_o girdle_n of_o tow_n for_o a_o father_n h_o a_o girdle_n of_o tow_n for_o a_o mother_n mourn_v for_o relation_n which_o be_v neither_o father_n nor_o mother_n 1_o a_o course_n coif_n of_o white_a linen_n 2_o ordinary_a mourn_a stocking_n raveled_a out_o 3_o a_o bonnet_n like_o a_o mitre_n of_o course_n hemp._n 4_o a_o ordinary_a mourn_a girdle_n 5_o raveled_a mourn_a shoe_n 6_o a_o wide_a coat_n much_o raveled_a 7_o a_o apron_n much_o raveled_a after_o the_o death_n of_o either_o father_n or_o mother_n among_o other_o ceremony_n which_o they_o observe_v especial_o at_o the_o funeral_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n not_o to_o sit_v on_o stool_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n nor_o sleep_v on_o bed_n nor_o eat_v flesh_n nor_o drink_v wine_n keep_v from_o their_o wife_n speak_v not_o aloud_o go_v not_o out_o of_o their_o house_n except_o in_o sedan_n cover_v with_o course_n linen_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n more_o till_o time_n have_v wear_v away_o sorrow_n except_o militia_n officer_n all_o person_n be_v oblige_v though_o the_o prime_a colao's_n to_o forsake_v their_o office_n for_o three_o year_n for_o their_o father_n or_o mother_n death_n which_o time_n they_o be_v to_o spend_v in_o mourn_v for_o they_o thus_o far_a de_fw-fr las_fw-fr cortes_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o chineses_n perform_v their_o funeral_n or_o inter_v their_o dead_a but_o the_o tartar_n who_o at_o this_o day_n govern_v the_o realm_n of_o china_n observe_v quite_o another_o manner_n the_o jesuit_n adam_n scall_a describe_v they_o both_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n say_v he_o take_v a_o peculiar_a care_n for_o the_o bury_n of_o their_o dead_a for_o they_o imagine_v that_o all_o the_o happiness_n of_o their_o successor_n dedepend_v upon_o it_o wherefore_o they_o often_o lay_v by_o three_o four_o five_o hundred_o nay_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o their_o life-time_n to_o be_v bestow_v on_o their_o grave_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o also_o gather_v plank_n of_o cedar_n and_o other_o like_a last_a wood_n which_o they_o send_v for_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o league_n off_o to_o make_v they_o coffin_n wherein_o they_o may_v for_o ever_o as_o they_o suppose_v lie_v secure_a which_o the_o jesuit_n martinius_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v say_v he_o by_o they_o account_v a_o great_a happiness_n for_o he_o who_o before_o his_o 5._o death_n make_v himself_o a_o coffin_n of_o the_o best_a and_o strong_a wood_n some_o of_o which_o cost_v sometime_o two_o thousand_o crown_n for_o they_o send_v for_o the_o most_o durable_a and_o best_a wood_n out_o of_o remote_a country_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o city_n but_o there_o be_v coffin_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o it_o nay_o most_o people_n buy_v they_o before_o their_o death_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o house_n the_o upper_a plank_n say_v scall_a of_o the_o tartar_n coffin_n be_v slope_v like_o a_o roof_n and_o paint_v on_o the_o outside_n not_o regard_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o plank_n because_o they_o put_v their_o coffin_n to_o no_o other_o use_n than_o to_o hold_v the_o body_n for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o carry_v they_o out_o in_o for_o come_v to_o their_o funeral_n pile_n they_o burn_v the_o coffin_n with_o the_o corpse_n but_o those_o of_o the_o chineses_n be_v narrow_a at_o the_o foot_n and_o broad_a and_o high_a at_o the_o head_n the_o upper_a plank_n smooth_a and_o reach_v over_o the_o side_n that_o the_o thickness_n thereof_o may_v be_v see_v which_o be_v chief_o observe_v and_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o choose_v a_o burying-place_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o land_n of_o their_o own_o than_o they_o purchase_v it_o at_o a_o great_a rate_n those_o place_n be_v principal_o make_v choice_n of_o in_o a_o dry_a soil_n where_o no_o river_n nor_o highway_n be_v near_o nor_o any_o temple_n or_o tower_n but_o must_v be_v on_o a_o plain_a which_o neither_o rise_v before_o nor_o behind_o such_o a_o place_n be_v choose_v they_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o bank_n of_o earth_n like_o a_o half-moon_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o middle_a and_o run_v slope_v down_o on_o both_o side_n yet_o not_o smooth_a but_o scollope-like_a at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o which_o they_o bury_v the_o elder_a and_o below_o he_o on_o each_o side_n the_o son_n and_o nephew_n not_o in_o one_o grave_a but_o every_o one_o apart_o under_o a_o little_a hillock_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o family_n under_o the_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o middle_n on_o a_o stone_n table_n be_v place_v variety_n of_o provision_n perfume_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o decease_a any_o one_o that_o among_o a_o family_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o honour_n than_o his_o predecessor_n erect_v his_o own_o tomb_n in_o his_o life-time_n whereon_o they_o carve_v the_o shape_v of_o man_n or_o beast_n according_a to_o every_o man_n quality_n and_o estate_n plant_v the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n with_o cedar_n tree_n and_o wall_v round_o the_o tartar_n differ_v herein_o for_o though_o they_o according_a to_o the_o conveniency_n and_o place_n require_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o chineses_n yet_o they_o observe_v not_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o their_o burial_n for_o the_o old_a people_n be_v bury_v apart_o and_o the_o young_a by_o themselves_o the_o chineses_n also_o erect_v a_o tombstone_n on_o which_o be_v engrave_v the_o age_n of_o the_o decease_a his_o office_n and_o the_o emperor_n favour_n to_o he_o and_o to_o prevent_v the_o character_n from_o be_v deface_v and_o the_o remembrance_n of_o the_o deceased_n exploit_n from_o be_v wear_v out_o beside_o the_o tombstone_n they_o bury_v another_o square_a stone_n in_o the_o ground_n with_o the_o same_o inscription_n that_o when_o the_o first_o be_v wear_v out_o that_o may_v appear_v perfect_a and_o serve_v as_o a_o memorial_n of_o all_o his_o achievement_n when_o any_o one_o die_v whoe're_o he_o be_v all_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n come_v about_o the_o corpse_n cry_v and_o mourn_v over_o it_o person_n of_o quality_n send_v a_o piece_n of_o very_o thin_a white_a linen_n with_o a_o letter_n to_o their_o friend_n to_o acquaint_v they_o of_o the_o dead_a corpse_n who_o at_o a_o appoint_a day_n come_v thither_o bring_v with_o they_o perfume_v wax-candle_n and_o money_n come_v into_o the_o house_n they_o go_v to_o a_o table_n place_v opposite_a to_o the_o coffin_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o hall_n have_v set_v fire_n on_o the_o perfume_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o table_n they_o step_v a_o little_a backwardand_v show_v reverence_n to_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o decease_a paint_a at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o coffin_n by_o kneel_v four_o time_n and_o bow_v their_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n whilst_o they_o make_v a_o mournful_a cry_n these_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v the_o near_a relation_n appear_v also_o on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o coffin_n between_o the_o curtain_n and_o come_v forth_o show_v the_o same_o reverence_n also_o kneel_v and_o bow_v their_o head_n four_o time_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o visit_v end_v the_o near_a kindred_n come_v the_o next_o day_n into_o the_o house_n of_o mourn_v from_o whence_o they_o convey_v the_o corpse_n to_o the_o grave_a or_o at_o least_o to_o the_o city_n gate_n for_o which_o kindness_n the_o child_n go_v from_o house_n to_o house_n in_o sackcloth_n and_o with_o their_o face_n look_v down_o on_o the_o ground_n return_v thanks_o by_o show_v reverence_n to_o their_o visitant_n who_o on_o purpose_n stand_v at_o their_o door_n but_o the_o tartar_n observe_v quite_o another_o way_n of_o inter_v their_o dead_a viz._n on_o the_o same_o day_n that_o any_o one_o die_v the_o corpse_n be_v put_v in_o a_o coffin_n and_o the_o friend_n have_v weep_v over_o it_o in_o the_o house_n they_o carry_v it_o away_o except_o the_o decease_a be_v a_o viceroy_n or_o governor_n the_o relation_n accompany_v the_o hearse_n and_o afterward_o place_v themselves_o in_o row_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o funeral_n pyre_n those_o of_o her_o family_n set_v fire_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o burn_v the_o body_n who_o ash_n on_o the_o three_o day_n be_v gather_v and_o put_v into_o a_o porcelain_n urn_n to_o be_v bury_v yet_o far_o great_a honour_n be_v show_v to_o the_o vice-roys_n whether_o tartar_n or_o chinese_n for_o when_o a_o tartar_n king_n die_v his_o servant_n after_o some_o formal_a lamentation_n be_v place_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o ourt-gate_n that_o they_o may_v be_v see_v hold_v his_o
abound_v with_o silk_n ebony-wood_n date-tree_n and_o araka_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n chew_v with_o betel-leaves_a as_o also_o the_o indian_n who_o call_v it_o makinnang_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o china_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o manner_n of_o husbandry_n and_o the_o description_n of_o some_o plant_n that_o belong_v proper_o to_o china_n we_o will_v here_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o their_o manner_n of_o husbandry_n the_o emperor_n venus_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 197_o before_o the_o incarnation_n promote_v husbandry_n then_o decay_v by_o the_o continual_a war_n with_o great_a zeal_n and_o put_v his_o own_o hand_n to_o the_o work_n that_o by_o his_o example_n he_o may_v oblige_v all_o the_o great_a nobleman_n to_o follow_v he_o he_o cause_v all_o woman_n to_o plant_v mulbery-tree_n and_o breed_v silkworm_n from_o the_o example_n of_o his_o empress_n who_o he_o enjoin_v to_o set_v the_o forementioned_a tree_n and_o breed_v silkworm_n in_o his_o palace_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o clothes_n she_o wear_v and_o which_o be_v use_v in_o their_o religious_a ceremony_n be_v of_o her_o make_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o from_o hence_o the_o high_a feast_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hinchun_v have_v its_o original_n this_o may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o countrey-man_n holiday_n for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o day_n be_v by_o the_o chinese_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n keep_v with_o great_a solemnity_n by_o all_o degree_n of_o person_n in_o every_o city_n and_o in_o the_o metropolis_n peking_n itself_o after_o this_o manner_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n crown_v with_o a_o garland_n of_o flower_n go_v to_o the_o eastern_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o instrument_n play_v before_o he_o and_o attend_v with_o a_o number_n of_o burn_a torch_n and_o flag_n behind_o follow_v a_o train_n of_o man_n which_o carry_v several_a dish_n of_o meat_n to_o tree_n whereon_o hang_v the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o husbandry_n be_v either_o make_v of_o wood_n or_o some_o other_o material_a and_o set_v forth_o with_o silk_n and_o cloth_n of_o gold_n in_o several_a place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v stand_v triumphal_a arch_n and_o all_o the_o street_n be_v hang_v with_o tapestry_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o nobleman_n go_v to_o the_o eastern_a gate_n as_o it_o be_v to_o meet_v the_o approach_a spring_n the_o chief_a pageantry_n of_o this_o solemnity_n be_v a_o cow_n of_o bake_v clay_n so_o big_a that_o forty_o man_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o carry_v it_o the_o other_o be_v a_o youth_n who_o they_o call_v the_o careful_a and_o industrious_a spirit_n who_o go_v bare_a with_o one_o leg_n and_o the_o other_o cover_v with_o a_o stocking_n continual_o strike_v the_o cow_n on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o switch_n then_o follow_v divers_a countryman_n carry_v spade_n shovel_n axe_n and_o the_o like_a tool_n use_v in_o husbandry_n yet_o nothing_o of_o what_o they_o carry_v or_o do_v but_o represent_v a_o peculiar_a secret_n as_o by_o the_o continual_a beat_n on_o the_o cow_n they_o signify_v what_o care_v the_o husbandman_n must_v take_v in_o the_o manure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o the_o youth_n go_v with_o one_o leg_n bare_a and_o the_o other_o antical_o clad_v they_o express_v what_o speed_n they_o must_v use_v to_o go_v to_o their_o labour_n and_o scarce_o allow_v time_n to_o cloth_n themselves_o when_o the_o whole_a train_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o king_n be_v or_o governor_n palace_n the_o stone_n cow_n be_v bereave_v of_o all_o her_o garland_n and_o other_o ornamental_n out_o of_o her_o open_a belly_n like_o as_o from_o the_o trojan_a horse_n little_a clayie_a ox_n be_v draw_v in_o great_a number_n of_o which_o the_o emperor_n send_v one_o to_o every_o governor_n with_o admonishment_n that_o the_o subject_n will_v be_v careful_a and_o diligent_a in_o the_o tilling_n of_o their_o land_n and_o leave_v not_o a_o acre_n unsow_v and_o among_o other_o ceremony_n the_o emperor_n himself_o plows_v and_o throw_v seed_n on_o the_o ground_n that_o day_n the_o emperor_n hiaou_fw-la though_o when_o he_o be_v grow_v very_o old_a betake_v himself_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n to_o husbandry_n and_o forsake_v all_o kind_n of_o state_n affair_n plough_v and_o sow_a the_o ground_n himself_o that_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o may_v show_v good_a example_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o stir_v they_o up_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o husbandry_n then_o inquire_v out_o experience_a planter_n command_v they_o to_o go_v through_o his_o whole_a dominion_n and_o teach_v all_o people_n the_o way_n of_o husbandry_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o find_v out_o all_o sort_n of_o implement_n or_o tool_n useful_a in_o tillage_n and_o many_o other_o the_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v require_v in_o husbandry_n so_o that_o we_o may_v now_o cease_v from_o wonder_v that_o former_o mean_a rustic_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o plough_n to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o sole_a monarchy_n of_o all_o china_n when_o we_o see_v that_o emperor_n descend_v from_o the_o throne_n to_o the_o plough_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o manage_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o plough_n at_o once_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n emperor_n and_o king_n have_v have_v several_a law_n concern_v husbandry_n husbandry_n among_o which_o be_v these_o the_o nineteen_o part_n of_o whatsoever_o the_o soil_n produce_v fall_v to_o the_o emperor_n the_o governor_n ought_v in_o time_n of_o famine_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o subject_n good_n and_o estate_n and_o tax_v they_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n the_o divide_v of_o the_o ground_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n every_o person_n be_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a share_n and_o one_o family_n no_o more_o than_o the_o other_o all_o the_o field_n be_v divide_v into_o great_a square_n and_o these_o again_o into_o nine_o lesser_a of_o which_o each_o person_n have_v one_o to_o manure_v but_o the_o middlemost_a be_v either_o the_o emperor_n or_o the_o king_n be_v square_a which_o be_v also_o by_o eight_o overseer_n till_v on_o the_o emperor_n account_n the_o eight_o square_n be_v call_v peculiar_a acre_n but_o the_o middlemost_a the_o cammon_n or_o free_a square_n which_o when_o leave_v untilled_a no_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o manure_v his_o own_o nativity_n the_o emperor_n xinnung_n first_o invent_v the_o plough_n and_o other_o necessary_a thing_n for_o husbandry_n and_o teach_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o sow_n wheat_n rice_n barley_n maiz_n or_o turkish_a corn_n and_o other_o grain_n 45._o the_o emperor_n thou_o who_o reign_v anno_fw-la 2207._o before_o the_o nativity_n have_v write_v many_o thing_n concern_v tillage_n viz._n after_o what_o manner_n the_o field_n of_o every_o county_n be_v to_o be_v till_v and_o sow_v for_o he_o have_v gain_v excellent_a knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a soil_n to_o which_o he_o attain_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n and_o observe_v their_o situation_n among_o river_n concern_v which_o he_o also_o write_v several_a treatise_n and_o from_o his_o write_n the_o chineses_n observe_v several_a rule_n in_o their_o tilling_n according_a to_o the_o several_a quality_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o mountain_n be_v also_o in_o china_n manure_v after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n but_o in_o no_o province_n so_o much_o as_o in_o that_o of_o fokien_fw-fr because_o there_o be_v the_o most_o mountain_n michael_n boem_n observe_v that_o the_o country_n of_o china_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a not_o only_o in_o the_o produce_v of_o indian_a especial_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o european_a fruit_n beside_o other_o sole_o belong_v to_o itself_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o consider_v how_o many_o excellent_a fruit_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o fifteen_o province_n of_o china_n enjoy_v for_o those_o province_n which_o want_v any_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v furnish_v by_o their_o neighbour_n with_o those_o which_o they_o have_v not_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o have_v all_o the_o year_n long_o fresh_a fruit_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n for_o in_o some_o province_n the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a in_o november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n in_o other_o in_o march_z april_n may_n and_o june_n and_o in_o some_o in_o july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n the_o manner_n of_o nurse_n up_o of_o young_a plant_n among_o the_o chinese_n and_o most_o indian_n be_v three_o several_a way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o bury_v of_o the_o fruit_n and_o seed_n together_o in_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o chinese_n gardener_n put_v whole_a golden_a apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o plant_v the_o sprouts_n which_o shoot_v from_o the_o seed_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o grow_v in_o
stone_n which_o melt_v in_o the_o fire_n produce_v iron_n very_o good_a to_o make_v sword_n and_o falchion_n of_o by_o the_o city_n siaoxan_n be_v a_o quarry_n which_o furnish_v all_o china_n with_o freestone_n ciâ—…_n in_o several_a place_n in_o china_n especial_o in_o the_o four_o county_n nieucheufu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o gum_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n call_v cie_n which_o drop_v out_o of_o the_o tree_n and_o be_v very_a like_o gum_n or_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n the_o chineses_n gather_v it_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o cleanse_v the_o same_o colour_v it_o how_o they_o please_v the_o best_a be_v yellow_a like_o gold_n and_o the_o next_o black_a before_o it_o be_v dry_v it_o yield_v a_o malignant_a damp_n which_o make_v the_o face_n of_o those_o which_o be_v not_o use_v to_o it_o swell_v and_o look_v pale_a for_o a_o time_n but_o they_o soon_o recover_v again_o it_o dry_v very_o leisurely_o when_o any_o chest_n or_o cabinet_n be_v varnish_v with_o the_o same_o but_o when_o once_o dry_a it_o never_o melt_v again_o what_o a_o curious_a and_o shine_a thing_n this_o gum_n be_v europe_n have_v long_o since_o see_v by_o the_o cabinet_n and_o chest_n that_o be_v bring_v hither_o from_o china_n and_o japan_n the_o chineses_n varnish_v all_o their_o curious_a wood-work_a with_o the_o same_o as_o also_o their_o ship_n house_n table_n bedstead_n closet_n and_o all_o their_o household_n utensil_n to_o the_o great_a lustre_n thereof_o trigaut_n give_v we_o this_o follow_a account_n of_o this_o gum_n viz._n in_o china_n be_v a_o certain_a gum_n like_o musk_n press_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o thick_a like_o pitch_n of_o which_o the_o chineses_n make_v a_o varnish_n by_o they_o call_v cie_n and_o by_o the_o portuguese_n ciaro_n with_o this_o cie_n they_o varnish_v their_o table_n press_n and_o other_o householdstuff_n as_o also_o their_o ship_n and_o house_n and_o colour_v it_o how_o they_o please_v the_o work_n thus_o varnish_v shine_v like_o glass_n and_o be_v very_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o acceptable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o smoothness_n and_o continue_v many_o year_n by_o mean_n of_o this_o gum_n the_o house_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o japanner_n shine_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n with_o this_o also_o they_o represent_v the_o colour_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o wood._n and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o chinese_n by_o who_o this_o gum_n be_v use_v account_v table-clothe_n altogether_o superfluous_a for_o if_o the_o shine_a and_o crystal-like_a table_n accidental_o by_o spill_v of_o any_o grease_n upon_o they_o be_v bereave_v of_o their_o lustre_n they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a beauty_n by_o be_v wash_v over_o with_o warm_a water_n because_o nothing_o can_v soak_v through_o the_o hard_a gum._n beside_o this_o gum_n there_o be_v a_o oil_n press_v out_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o another_o tree_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o use_n thereof_o be_v also_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o give_v not_o so_o great_a a_o gloss._n we_o have_v several_a kind_n of_o varnish_n among_o we_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n but_o far_o short_a of_o it_o the_o true_a preparation_n thereof_o be_v doubtless_o unknown_a to_o we_o or_o but_o imperfect_o discover_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o eight_o county_n jenganfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peters-oyl_n xensi_fw-la be_v dig_v a_o slimy_a moisture_n general_o call_v peters-oyl_n which_o the_o chineses_n use_v in_o their_o lamp_n and_o against_o scab_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n be_v abundance_n of_o yellow_a amber_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o province_n another_o sort_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n martinius_n speak_v of_o great_a quantity_n of_o artificial_a amber_n make_v of_o the_o boil_a gum_n of_o pine-tree_n and_o sell_v by_o the_o chinese_n so_o exact_o imitate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o best_a neither_o be_v it_o a_o certain_a sign_n of_o true_a amber_n to_o attract_v chaff_n or_o other_o light_a thing_n for_o the_o falsify_v and_o artificial_a if_o rub_v have_v a_o attract_v power_n as_o well_o as_o the_o natural_a in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n they_o also_o have_v amber_n which_o be_v somewhat_o red_a than_o the_o pomeran_n for_o yellow_a they_o have_v none_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v be_v not_o only_o make_v in_o the_o sea-bordering_a province_n but_o there_o be_v also_o inland_a water_n of_o which_o they_o make_v salt_n without_o any_o great_a trouble_n in_o the_o county_n hokienfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n be_v large_a field_n which_o extend_v to_o the_o seaside_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n water_n which_o leave_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n upon_o the_o bank_n all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n jeu_fw-fr lie_v in_o the_o county_n pingyangfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la be_v as_o salt_n as_o sea-water_n and_o salt_n also_o make_v of_o it_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o county_n kingyangfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v two_o pool_n of_o salt_n water_n of_o which_o they_o make_v abundance_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o the_o city_n yaogan_n be_v a_o great_a pit_n of_o salt_n water_n out_o of_o which_o be_v extract_v exceed_v white_a salt_n with_o which_o the_o whole_a county_n yaoganfu_n be_v furnish_v the_o pit_n be_v call_v peyence_v that_o be_v pit_n of_o white_a salt_n the_o first_o find_v of_o this_o salt_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sheep_n because_o they_o use_v to_o lick_v the_o earth_n thereabouts_o and_o scratch_v up_o lump_n of_o salt_n with_o their_o foot_n till_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o last_o observe_v the_o same_o find_v salt_n water_n and_o earth_n there_o china_n abound_v with_o salt_n in_o all_o place_n so_o that_o beside_o the_o great_a plenty_n for_o common_a use_n the_o salt-trade_n bring_v great_a revenue_n into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o people_n which_o trade_n in_o that_o commodity_n every_o province_n in_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v pay_v yearly_o a_o certain_a weight_n of_o salt_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o tribute_n on_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n be_v salt-pit_n which_o supply_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o province_n with_o salt_n which_o be_v a_o great_a testimony_n of_o god_n providence_n to_o these_o people_n consider_v this_o part_n of_o china_n lie_v remote_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o can_v not_o be_v furnish_v with_o salt_n from_o any_o other_o place_n but_o with_o exceed_v great_a trouble_n these_o pit_n be_v some_o of_o they_o a_o hundred_o pace_n deep_a as_o be_v on_o inhabit_v hill_n of_o salt_n earth_n the_o mouth_n of_o one_o of_o they_o be_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o hands-breadth_n wide_o they_o be_v search_v with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n in_o form_n of_o a_o hand_n which_o be_v let_v down_o in_o the_o ground_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a weight_n and_o sharp_a finger_n press_v through_o the_o same_o then_o draw_v up_o again_o shut_v close_a and_o bring_v up_o a_o handful_n of_o earth_n which_o they_o do_v so_o long_o till_o they_o come_v to_o salt_n earth_n and_o water_n which_o be_v afterward_o pull_v out_o with_o a_o tub_n or_o bucket_n which_o have_v a_o cover_n at_o the_o top_n and_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n through_o which_o the_o water_n run_v as_o the_o vessel_n go_v down_o thrust_v it_o open_a but_o when_o it_o be_v full_a and_o pull_v up_o by_o a_o rope_n it_o fall_v and_o shut_v again_o which_o salt_n water_n be_v take_v out_o and_o set_v over_o the_o fire_n its_o watery_a part_n evaporate_v forth_o and_o leave_v white_a salt_n in_o the_o bottom_n yet_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n there_o be_v salt-pit_n also_o in_o the_o county_n queicheufu_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o territory_n kiahingfu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n be_v very_o great_a salt-pit_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o make_v abundance_n of_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o county_n hoaiganfu_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n hoaigain_o and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n in_o china_n only_o be_v that_o kind_n of_o fine_a earth_n of_o which_o be_v make_v that_o rich_a material_a of_o those_o we_o call_v china-dish_n and_o this_o stuff_n be_v call_v porcelain_n some_o false_o affirm_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o porcelain_n be_v make_v be_v prepare_v of_o pound_a eggshell_n or_o sea-cockle_n add_v that_o it_o must_v lie_v a_o hundred_o year_n under_o ground_n before_o it_o can_v be_v use_v