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B11821 Horæ subseciuæ observations and discourses. Chandon, Grey Brydges, Baron, d. 1621.; Cavendish, Gilbert.; Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676.; Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1620 (1620) STC 3957; ESTC S105996 135,065 562

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the sooner to an end Pompeij Crassique potentia cito in Caesarem The power of Pompey and Crassus soon passed into Caesar This was an authority in the Romane State exercised without publike permissiō only out of their own priuate strength Of these Crassus was the most wealthy Pompey the best beloued of the Senate and Caesar of most power in the field Their ambition was equall but not their fortune nor their wisedome For Crassus was slaine in the Parthian warre the which hee vndertooke onely out of auarice Pompey though hee affected the Monarchie yet hee tooke not the course that was fittest for it for he then courted the State when hee knew his Riuall had a purpose to vse violence and to rauish it But Caesar knew the Republique to be feminine and that it would yeeld sooner to violence then flattery and therefore with all his power assaulted and ouercame it and so in him alone remained the strength of all the three till his death Likewise after the death of Iulius Caesar Lepidi Antonij armain Augustum cessere The forces of Lepidus and Antonius came into the hands of Augustus This was the last change of the Romane gouernment and was permanent for now Rome vtterly lost her libertie For Antony by occasion of Caesars slaughter beeing himselfe then Consul hauing taken armes which the State feared he would make vse of to serue his owne ambition and to set himselfe vp in Caesars roome the Senate gaue authoritie to Augustus to leuy an Armie and make head against him Which he did within a while after agreeing with Antony and taking Lepidus in for a stale established this Triumvirate which in the end was also wholly reduced to Augustus So that hence may appeare that it is a most dangerous ouersight to put Armes into such a mans hands for our defence as may aduance himselfe by conuerting them to our destruction To which purpose the Fable is also applyed of the Horse who suffering a rider and the bit for his assurance against the Hart that fed with him in the same pasture could neuer after recouer his former libertie Qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Who when the whole Sate was wearied with ciuill discords receiued it vnder his gouernment with the Title of Prince The manifold miseries that doe accompany Ciuill Warres and the extreme weaknesse which followeth them doe commonly so deiect expose a State to the prey of ambitious men that if they lose not their libertie it is onely for want of one that hath the courage to take the aduantage of their debilitie And when a mighty and free people is subdued to the tyrannie of one man it is for the most part after some long and bloudie Ciuill Warre For ciuill warre is the worst thing that can happen to a State wherein the height of their best hopes can come but to this to venture hazzard their own to ouerthrow their friends and kindreds fortunes And they that are at the worst haue reason to bee content with and wish for any change whatsoeuer This was one occasion which Augustus laid hold of to establish the Monarchy they were weary their strength abated and their courages foyled Yet he would not presently take vnto him the Title belonging to Monarchy especially not the name of King but nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Euery man that hath an office of command though neuer so meane desireth a name that may expresse the full vertue of his place and most men receiue as great content from Title as substance Of this humour Augustus retained onely thus much at this time that hee tooke a title which signified not authoritie but dignitie before all the rest as if the people of Rome had beene to be numbred one by one hee thought himselfe worthy that they should begin with him Also hee knew that the multitude was not stirred to sedition so much with extraordinarie power as insolent Titles which might put them to consider of that power and of the losse of their libertie And therefore hee would not at the first take any offensiue Title as that of King or Dictator which for the abuses before done were become odious to the people And in a multitude seeming things rather then substantiall make impression But hauing gotten the mayne thing that he aspired vnto to giue them then content in words which cost him neither money nor labour hee thought no deare bargaine And this was but for the present neither For he doubted not but that the power which hee had in substance would in time dignifie any name hee should take aboue the name of King and in the meane space hee should keepe the loue of the people which is the principall pillar of a new soueraignty Hitherto the seuerall changes and alterations in the state of Rome and how the sway thereof after the space of almost 800. yeere being now arriued at her greatest strength remained wholly in the person of Augustus Caesar He therefore after much deliberation had whether he should restore it againe to the former libertie of a Common-wealth or conuert the gouernment into a Monarchy at length resolued on the latter The meanes he had and the deuices he vsed to bring the same to passe are now by the Author likewise touched and should follow in order But because Tacitus here digresseth to shew the faults of Historiographers and the vprightnesse he purposeth to vse in his owne story I will also take his words as they lye in my way and afterwards proceed with the History it selfe Sed veteris populi Romani prospera vel aduersa claris Scriptoribus memorata sunt But of the ancient people of Rome both the prosperous and aduerse estate hath beene recorded by renowned Writers It is a signe of too much opinion and selfe-conceit to be a follower in such an Historie as hath beene already sufficiently atchieued by others And therefore Cicero said well of the Commentaries which Caesar wrote of his owne acts and intended should bee but the notes and the ground of an History to bee written by some that should afterward vndertake that taske that though that were an acceptable and welcome worke to some arrogant persons yet that all discreet men were thereby deterred from writing So that as it was here to Tacitus it should also be cause enough to any man else to abstaine from the writing of those Histories which are already wisely and perfectly related The reason why the times of the Commonwealth haue been better Historified then those that came after seemeth to be the liberty that such a gouernment affordeth For where the gouernour who is alwayes the mayne subiect of the Annales of a Citie is not one man but a great many there personall tax breedeth not so often publique offence Temporibusque Augusti dicendis non defuere decora ingenia donec gliscente adulatione deterrerentur And there wanted not good wits to write