THE HUSBANDMAN'S JEWEL DIRECTING How to Improve Land from 10l per Annum to 50l with small charge by Planting Making Cyder as good as Canary for 5d a Quart or less To Improve Land by draining and by Hemp Saffron Liquorice To Brew Ale and Beer make Cyder Meed Mum Metheglin and other Liquors to order Bees and Silk-worms Destroy Vermin c To which are added the Arts of Angling Hawking Fowling Ringing c Directions to cure all diseases of Horses Oxon Cows Bulls Calves Sheep Lambs Goats Swine Dogs Conies Hares Poultry and singing Birds at 12d charge To Improve Clover and St. Foin To make Table drink for families both sick and well at a Farthing a Gallon worth Gold good against all Distempers And to cure all outward Sores or Pains Aches c at a Penny charge with divers other matters LONDON Printed for G. Conyers at the Ring in Little Brittain Price 1 s. THE Husbandmans Jewel c. To Improve Land to 50 or 100 Pound per Acre per Annum IT 'S evident in many places especially in the fenny Country that by draining the fens that Bogy Lands not worth 2s an Acre has been improved to 5 or 6 Pound by Corning c and Mr. Blith in his Excellent Book of Husbandry says that if you Plant Boggy Lands with Willow and Sallow and such like Aquaticks draining it first well and deep it will be worth 5 Pound an Acre tho' before it was not worth 2s an Acre and in 11 or 12 Years the Wood on that Land may be worth 60 Pound an Acre Also in Kent they have improved Ground not worth 6s an Acre to six Pound by Planting in their Hedge Rows Fruit Trees about 16 17 or 20 yards distant the more Room the better from one another and one sort of Fruit or other will prosper on any Ground and if you plant 160 Trees of the best Pipins and Red-streaks on an Acre it may reasonably be supposed that one with another they will yeild 320 Bushels and 20 Bushels of Apples usually makes a Hogshead so that there will be 16 Hogsheads on an Acre and these will make 8 Hogsheads of Royal Cyder which at 2d per Quart is 2 pound an Hogshead so that the 8 Hogsheads will yeild 16 Pounds But this Cyder Royal may be worth 9d per Quart and then an Acre will amount to near 40 Pound per Acre and the Grass will grow the between your Trees or Gooseberry or Currants may be Planted betwixt which is best for the Grass is apt to be sour and bitter and by this method you may Probably make 8 Pound per Acre more so that in the whole by a modest computation 50 Pound per Acre may be made but some affirms that above 140 Pound an Acre may well amount to in a Year but however the Product no Question will be very great Now to make Cyder equal to Canary to a Bottle of Cyder Botled in March put two spoonfuls of the Spirit of Clary sold at the Apothecarys and will be about a penny charge and if you put a little lump of Loaf Sugar and a spoonful of Brandy and let it stand about a Week it will make Cyder resemble Canary so near that a well exercised Pallet shall not know the difference A Planter Writes that if in March you put a spoonful of Spirit of Clary to your Cyder it will equal Canary without any more a doe but you may strenghten it with Spirit of Brandy and Clary and sweeten it and put in your Ingredients more or less as you think fit this Spirit is a strong Spirit but very wholesome and has the perfect flavour of Canary see more of this by and by and Read a Book Call'd the way to get Wealth by making 23 sorts of Wine equal to French and also to make divers other Liquor and other Curious Matters and also remember that these English Liquors are more wholesome for the Body than French c Every Nation affording that which is most proper for it's Natives and the great advantage that would accrue to the Nation by Promoting our own Liquor may be supposed near a Million a Year that is spent in Poreign Liquor Also by Marl and Soil great Improvement In-Land is to be made as appears about the City of London and what has been done may by the like good Husbandry be done again To Improve Land COnsider from whence the cause of Barrenness proceeds whether from Heat or Cold if from Heat and it lye near any River convenient over flow it and when it is pretty well soaked open Trenches to draw it off then Mud it over with the Casting of some Ditch Lake Pond c. Instead of Dung spread the soil when dry and breaking the lumps in the nature of Dung Harrowing and after a large Shower of Rain turn it up with a large Plow and let it lye till some more showers have fallen on it and then Plow it over again lightly and sow your Seed and you will have a large Crop a Third more than usually If the Ground be Cold lye low and Moorish subject to Weeds Flaggs Rushes c. Make Trenches lower than the Weeds to Drain it thorowly or it will signify nothing then marle it over with Marle or Chalk and let it lye till the Rain dissolves it then Plow it in high Land Ridges that the Water may fall off into the Furrows turning the soard downwards that it may Rot more speedily thus let it lye a Month or six Weeks or more then scater over it Wood-Ashes Sea Coal-Ashes or Soap-Boilers Ashes let them be washed in by the Rain and then with a Trenching Plough in convenient places draw the Water out of the Furrows into Water Courses and then sow the Seed and in a Year or two the Ground will be good if not two subject to overflow and when you have done with it for Corn lay it Fallow and by marling it every other Year it will afford Excellent Grass and become good Pasture To improve pasture if it lye Low and wet whereby it Chills the Roots and produces Weeds c. Cast on it Hogs Dung Horse Dung and the Dung of any Fowls mingled with Slack'd Lime or Lime Stones which being well soaked Plough up the Land turning down the Green Soard yet raise the Ridges of the Land but a little sloping and so run a Trench Cross-ways very deep or as you see it otherwise convenient and lay it Fallow by this means it will be much dryer and the next Grass young sweet and tender If your Ground be a Burning Sand then Osie it over as before directed and if it is troubled with Ant-hills open them to the bottom or rather lower and the wet will drive them away and if you Scatter Slacked Lime or burnt Pitch and Brimstone on them and it will kill them If with Mole-hills at the end of March or beginning of April take their Nests or set a Pott Trap in the Ground
even with the surface in their Tracts and they 'll fall into it If the ground is troubled with Gaurse Tansie Fern Thistle c pull them up Hoe or strike of the Tops that the Root that remains being over Charged with Sap may Perish And to raise immediately a good Soard and prevent Weeds growing you must Dung your Grounds and spreading the Dung suffer the Rain to soak in levelling the Land with a Rowler and suffer not heavy Cattle if it lye Low to Graze when the Rain has made it soft for by treading they will spoil it's growing when soft and if you intend it for Hay then no Cattle must come in it after Lady-Day least by Croping too near the young blades of Grass they spoile the first cutt and hinder the latter also Read more of these things in Blith's Husbandry a Book wrote by Experience and the only Book of Husbandry Extant the Fourth Edition with large Aditions Sold at the Ring in Little Brittain Price 3 s To improve Ground by Hops Flax Liquorice and Saffron FOr a Hop Garden choose a good mellow Ground and rich Ground not two hot moist nor Cold well sheltred by Trees from strong Winds that may rend the Vines from the Poles turn it up deep with a Plough or dig it with a Spade and cast it up into little hills or Rows with Alleys betwixt the Hills about two foot distant from each other then take your best Sprouts or for want of them the Growth of slips and making four or five holes in a Hill crumble in some Mold lightly and put the slips or Sprouts into the holes and so cover them up do this in the beginning of April observing if time will permit the Moon to be in the Increase and to every Sprout that rises well fix a Pole and suffer that to twist about it Observe to set them all Inclinning towards the South that the Sun may the better compass them for this is most evident a bending Pole has more Hops than an upright And a Gentlemen in York shire places his Hops in such sort that one Plant may not shadow another but that his whole Garden receives the fulness and strength of the Sun Beams at once whereby his Hops are more kindly and the Bells much larger than any other Hop Ground whose Poles are erected and stand upright after our ordinary and gross manner To return I say fix the Pole for them to twist about it the Pole being 8 or 9 Foot above Ground at least being full of Snags for the better supporting the Vine At Lamas Tide you will find them Belled and when you find them fit to cut cut the Vines by the Root and take them off with the Poles into a plain place and gather them dry them on a Kiln and Bag them up an Acre of Hops are sometimes worth 100 Pound To Improve Land by Flax. PLough up a considerable mellow Ground and having a good sort of Seed sow it in the middle of April if possible in the Moons increase having before improved the Land with fat Soil from the streets or some Olse place casting the Seed 2 Bushel to an Acre and when it appears above Ground whilst young take care that the Weeds over grow it not tho when it has out slipt them it needs no Weeding for the Land being some what moist it will grow to an Extraordinary height when ripe which is known by the Yellowness of the outward Rind and the swelling of the Seeds then must you pluck up the Stalks and bind them up in little bundles suffering them to dry in the Sun then lay the bundles in Water soaking them with heavy weigth and when you find the Rind loose then are they steeped enough then take them out and unloose them again drying them in the Sun and strip off the Rind which you must hackle on Crins of Iron c. Fit for use an Acre well managed will bear 30 or 40 Pounds worth of Flax when dressed and ordered to the purpose Hemp Seed steeped in plain Salt-peter diluted in Water and other fit Earthy substance in its due time arrived to the Talness that it rather seem'd a Coppice of Wood of 14 Years growth than plain Hemp. Of Planting and Grafting IN Planting observe when you remove any Tree to mark it in the Rind that you set it the same way it grew first bring with you as much of the natural Earth as you can and over and above adding a small matter of Dung and fresh Mold cuting off part of the top Branches that they may not draw away too much Sap before its well Rooted In Grafting there are several methods to be observed and first when you have taken the Scion which must be from the body of the Tree and not a top Twig You must saw off your Stock about 3 or 4 Foot above the Ground then cuting the Twig flat at the great end but not the Bark off slit the Stock with a Knife or Chisell and put in the Scion that both barks may toutch then with Dung and Clay well tempred together bind it up close that neither Air nor Bugs can enter and let it continue Secondly there are some who bore a hole a sloap into the heart of the Tree and so put the Scion in Thirdly they take a Bud from one Tree and slitting the Bark of another Tree let it in and so close them together Fourthly there are those that slice off a Bud or Scion with the intire Bark and plaister and by opening the Bark of a Branch into another Tree and all these ways sometimes hit In Grafting the Fig will grow on a Mulbery the Apple or Pear on a Quince or Crab the Damson on a Wild Thorn Peach and Cherry upon a Peach the Apricock on a Plumb the Wal-nut upon the Ash the Quince on the Barbary the Almond on the Philbeart the Vine upon the Cherry Tree and so of other which are better and improved by Grafting To improve Liquorice LIquorice greatly improves Ground and is of a lasting quality to order it dig your Ground very deep then mellow the Mold and cast it up into Banks making Alleys between the Banks being about two Foot high then take your Crown-slips and make Holes with a setting Staff upon the Banks in a line put in the slips having first crumbled in some soft Mold covering all but the Top and as the Leaves sprout draw the Earth about them with a small Hoe and Water not the Plants except the Weather be excessive dry and then but very little and that in the Evening and because you can expect but little Benefit of these Plants the First and Second Year you may Sow Onions set Potato's Beans Cabbage or any thing of the like nature between them and the 3d Year about the beginning you may draw and dig the Plants and dry them in a Hot-house Killn or Stow and a good Acre of Liquorice will yeild 90 Pound To improve Saffron
them the First Year 5. Your best way is to make your Ground Fine as when you Sow Barly and Harrow it even and then to Plow these Seeds in alone without any other Grain as Gardners do Pease but not at so great a distance but make your Range about a Foot distance one from another and they 'l see it Flourish like Green Pease especially if you draw the Plow through them once or twice that Summer to destroy Weeds and Grass and if you do thus great Clover and other Seeds may be mow'd twice the first Year There is another sort at Paris called La Lucern which is not inferior to St. Foin but rather better for dry barren Land and is to be managed as St. Foin Thus you may improve barren Ground of 2 or 3s an Acre to forty or fifty Shillings an Acre There is a Grass at Madrington near Salisbury that is 24 Foot long with which they feed Hogs I question not but if the Seeds of it were fown in Rich Meadows it will yield Extraordinarily Mr. Worlidge says That for Clover-Grass a Rich light Land warm and dry will afford a great Profit that a Parcel 〈◊〉 Ground a little above two Acres of Clover-Grase 〈◊〉 Year yielded in May two Load of Hay worth 5 l. the next Crop of Seed was ripe in August and yielded three great Loads worth 9 l. that Year the Seed was 300 l. which with the Hay was Valued at 30l besides the after Pasture Another president is that on 4 Acres grew 12 Load of Hay at twice Mowing and 20 Bushel of Seed one Load of Hay that was Mowed in May was worth two Loads of other Hay and the after Pasture three times better than any other though four Acres in one Year yielded eighty Pounds Another That 6 Acres of Clover did maintain 6 Months 10 Oxen 13 Cows 3 Horses and 25 Hogs Valued at 40 l besides Winter Herbage It will prosper pretty well on any Ground that is not poor Clover-Grass lasteth but three Years An Acre of Ground will take 10 Pound of Clover-Crass-Seed in Measure about half a Peck The more you Sow the better some have Sown 16 Pound on an Acre with good Success let your Seed be the best and then in March or April Sow your Clover-Grass upon your Barly and Oats being harrowed or you may Sow it alone and you may cut it about June the first Year If you Sow it alone the best time is about Michaelmas and about the end of May you may cut the first Crop the exact time is when it begins to knot and after feed it with Cattle till January if you will preserve Seed expect but two Crops that Year the first as before the second must stand till the Seed comes to a dead ripeness After your Seed is Thrasht the Cattle will Eat the Stalks but if too Old they will not After two Years standing if you let it shed its seed it will store it with Clover and one Acre of this Grass will feed as many Cows as 5 of the other common Grass and your Milk will be much better and exceed in quantity and it fattens well In Flanders they cut it daily as your Cattle eat it and give it under Trees or in Sheds in Racks Let not your Cattle at first eat too much of it least they furfeit When it s throughly dry in March Thrash it Of Bees and how to manage them to great Advantage BEes are both Delightful and Profitable if managed with Care in order to which I shall give those short Directions If you have no Stocks of Bees but 〈…〉 I advise you first not to give Money for them but some other Commodity for tho' there be nothing in it but a Superstitious Observation yet things often dishearten People that are apt to credit such Reports Having Purchased you must be sure to carry them gently in a Sheet between two Persons on a Pole in the Night-time that they be not disturbed nor their Combs disordered the best time to remove them is in April and then carry them to a Pleasant Place lest they leave you nor must you immediately open them after you have placed them in your Garden but wait till they are at rest which you will know by their ceasing humming be sure place them that the Hive Mouth be to the Rising of the Sun observthat the Air and Water as also Herbs Trees and Flowers about them be very Wholsome Those they much delight in are Rosemary Cassia Thyme Saffron Bean-Flowers Mustand Seed Flowers Pinks Mellilot Poppy Roses and all Sweet Flowers Herbs and Trees Those they dislike are Worm-Seed wild Cucumbers Elms Spurge Laurel Southernwood and all bitter Herbs and Trees delighting most in Vallies and near Purling Streams The best Honey is extracted from Thyme the next best from Wild Thyme and the third from Rosemary tho' there is good Honey where none of these grow also where your Clovergrass St. Foin c grows good and much Honey is produced Be sure if you intend to mind Bees that you be cleanly and sweet and Eat no stinking things as Garlick Onions c. least they sting you and keep their Hives clean from Cobwebs Moths and other Filth or they 'l not thrive Read more of these Matter in Mr. Worlidge his Compleat Bee-Master price 6 d. and Rusden of Bees price 1 s. 6 d. and Butler of Bees price 1 s. The only three Books Extant on this Subject All sold at the Ring in Little-Brittain In the beginning of April Bees begin to Work and if they stand in a Pleasant place they will work so chearfully that they will afford Honey three times in a Summer viz. the latter end of May the latter end of July and the latter end of August if the Summer be temperate tho' if you would have them subsist well in Winter to take their Honey in May and July is sufficient If it happen that by reason of the Young Brood the Hive be overcharged which by their clustriug about the Mouth of it and Humming you may plainly discern prepare a New Hive ready rub'd with Fennel Bean-Tops Thyme Balm Marjoram Bean-Flowers Milk and Honey Hyssop Mallows and with some of these rub the Hive well but rather with a Sprig or Branch of the Tree they swarm on then dip such Sprig or Branch in Mead or Honey and Water or with Milk and Salt or Salt only and when you have rub'd the Hive well with the Herbs that t is wet observe the coming out of the Young Bees for several days especially when the Sun-shines hot on them least they Swarm on a sudden and take Wing and Fly away which is prevented by Ringing on a Warming-Pan or Candle-stick c when you see they are settled either on Tree Hedge or Ground if they settle on the Ground lay the Hive prepared as before directed over them If on a Tree take your Hive rub'd with Sweet Herbs and let one hold up the Hive and
grows upon it if you keep it in Water when you put any in a Box for present Angling put Wort or Ale or Beer to it a while or you may boyl good Grain as Wheat Malt c. in Milk till it 's soft or in sweet Wort which is full as good and peel off the outward Rine which is the Bran and so use it or if you please you may fry it in Milk and Honey or steep it in strong scented Oyls as Spike Amber Ivy Polipody Anise Turpentine Oyl of Peter Assa Faetida c. Your Hook thus baited with a Corn the point covered with a thin Rind that you may see the White on one side cast in your Line above the Stream near the side the Float being upright swimming down the Stream when you see the Float sink strike prety quick according to the strength of your Line if the Fish is too large make use of your landing Net and after the catching 3 or 4 Fishes cast in a handful of Grains and now and then lifting the Float above Water and so you may catch many Fishes For Ground Angling use it only Evening and Morning in hot Sun-shiny Weather but if cloudy at any time of the day In Winter choose the middle of the Day and where the Sun shines on your Pace warm and bait with a little white tail'd Worm found in old rotten Thatch when you Angle after a shower endeavour to have the Wind on your Back coming from South or West the Sun on your Face When the Earth is hot and dry it 's to no purpose to Angle or when the Rivers are out or hasty showers much move the Waters or when the North-East Winds blow strongly and cold The best time to Angle is 1. When the Weather is calm and clear or cool and cloudy the Wind gently blowing 2. When a sudden shower has a little mudded the Water then with a red Worm Angle at the bottom in a Stream and you will have sport If you Fish for Carp or Tench from Sun-rising till 8 or 9 in the Morning and from four in the Afternoon till Night Fish bite best at a Fly after a shower that hath not mudded the Water and the best Months for the Fly are March April May and June Salmon bites best about three in the Afternoon especially from May to September and when the Water is clear and a little Wind and the Wind bloweth against the Stream Barbel bites best early in the Morning and till ten a Clock from the beginning of May till the beginning of August Perch bite all Day in cool cloudy Weather but chiefly from Eight in the Morning till Ten and from three in the Afternoon till five Pike bite best about three in the Afternoon in clear Water and gentle Wind August September and all Winter he bites all Day long April May June and July he bites best early in the Morning Bream bites best from Sun-rise till 8 or 9 in muddy Water and a brisk Wind and in Ponds the higher the Wind the better and Fish in the middle of the Pond In June July and August in a gentle Stream or nigh it Roach and Dace bite all Day long but best at the Top. Gudgeon bites in April and till he hath spaw'd in May and generally all the Day long in or near a gentle Stream Angle for him in a gravelly bottom stirring the Sand with a Pole or Rake and they 'll bite the better Flounders bite best April May June July in a swift Stream and sometimes in a still Deep Trout bites best in a muddy Water in dark cloudy Windy Weather from 8 till 10 in the Morning and from 3 till 4 or 5 in the Afternoon March April May and June are the chiefest Months When you catch the first Fish take out his Belly and you may see his Stomach take it out tenderly for if you bruise it you lose your Labour and with a sharp Knife cut it open and you will see what Food he takes at that instant Keep out of sight when you Fish and let the Sun be in your Face or you 'll have but little Sport for if the Sun is on your Back your Rod will with its Shadow fright them To preserve your Hazel Rods from Worm and Rot rub them twice or thrice a Year with Linseed Oyl Satlate Oyl or fresh Butter unsalted or Tallow very well inside and outside if hollow In Summer time when Cattle come to the Fords then Dung driveth the Fish to the lower end of the Ford then Angle for a Cheven with baits proper for him The Eyes of Fishes are an excellent baite for most fort of Fishes Baits of all sorts BAits for Salmon is a great Garden Lobworm or an artificial Fly Trouts take the Brambling and all sorts of Worms and all sorts of Flies Menows young Frogs Marsh-worm Flag-worm Dock-worm Cod Baits Bob Caterpillars Wasps Gentle Bees Grashopers and Bark-worms The Umber takes the same Baits especially the Fly and Cod-bait The Barbel takes Cheese Pastes Gentles large Worms and salt Beef The Pearch takes red Worms of all sorts more especially Branding and Lob-worms well scoured also Bobs Gentles Cod-baits Wasps Menow and some all baits except the Fly Tench takes large Worms but better if they smell of Tar which you may put a little to the Worms you fish with before you Angle letting them lie a short time left they die Also Paste scented with Tar Oyls Bread Grain boyl'd soft Cods-baits Gentles and Marsh-worms Carp takes sweet Pastes Gentles Worms Cod-baites Grait boyled Bobs and Wasps and sometimes with a natural Fly Pike Pastes Gudgeon Roaches Dace Leaches Smelts young Frogs and almost all sorts of Baits except a Fly Eels take great red Worms Wasps Beef Guts of Fowls Minows Gudgeon takes Cod bait Gentles Wasps the natural and artificial Fly Bleak takes the same bait as the Gudgeon Dace Roach and Bleak takes Cod-baits Worms Flies Bobs Paste Wasps Cherries and all sorts of Worms bred on Trees Ant Flies they greedily bite at under Water near the Ground 6 Inches Chevin or Chub takes Bobs Minow all sorts of Earth-worms Flies of all sorts Cod-baits young Frogs Cherries Bees and Grashoppers at the top of the Water Cheese Grain Beetles Waspes and Humble-bees Bream takes red Worms Paste Waspes green Flies Butterflies a Grashopper his Legs cut off Flounders and Shads take red Worms Waspes and Gentles Minow Loach Miller's thumb or Bull-head take Worms or Gentles To make Pastes TAke Manchet the fattest old Cheese Suet of Mutton Kidney a little strong Runnet mix them equally and finely together then Colour it with a little Turmerick this Paste takes Chub c. For Carp and Tench mix Crumbs of Bread with Honey or take Kidney Suet as much Cheese Flower or Manchet soften it with clarify'd Honey Cherries Sheep's Blood Saffron and Manchet made with Paste You may add to any Paste Assa Foetida Occulus Indiae Oyl of Polipody of the Oak and the Gum of
forced under the Sword and by the spreading of the Plow and help of the turning board you force the Earth from ward which requires much more strength than if the Plow were made of a bredth proportionable from the Shares point to it's hinder part and the Sword or Earth caryed from the bottom and a turning board cast from ward and then you may either add a second Colter and share to succeed the former fixt to the very same beam about 4 or 5 Inches lower which said second Colter and share will cut and take up another course in the bottom of the Trench and carry it higher And then the turning board will throw it on the first Plowing or else you may make another to cast higher then the first to follow it Each of these Plows require but half the strength of the common forcing Plow for that it Cuts Raises and casts the Earth over without any side forcing at all You may make this Plow 5 6 or 7 Inches broad or more according to the Nature of the Ground and strength you design to use whether 1 2 or 3 Horses to draw it and it will serve not only to Plow and Plow-Trench Land but it will also serve to pare off the Turf of Ancient Pasture Land in order to burn it for the Foot on which the fore end of the Beam rests may be made to stand higher or lower as you please to have it to the end it may cut thicker or thiner and being as broad will do that sort of work as well as your brest Plow and with 6 fold more speed Worlidge says he has made a model of it that answers what is here proposed and had he an Ingenious Assistant should soon bring it to perfection but these hints he hopes may prove sufficient To make a Denshireing Plow THis must be drawn by one or two Horses It must have 2 Wheels or Trundles If they are low then let your paring Plow rest on the Axis but if larger Wheels are found more proper then fix your paring Plow at some distance under the Axis and both ways let it have a long stave or handle that the Labourer by lifting up or pressin down the same may cause the Turf to pare thin or thick as he likes best or as the unevenness of the Lands requires let him Regulate his Labour This way with one Horse and 2 men and a Skillfull-man to Regulate and Guide the Plow you may pare 2 Acres in a Day or more if the Ground be but smooth and even but if the Ground is full of Hills Stumps c. It must be done over again and then 2 men and one Horse may pair the one Acre a Day as well to the full as with a brest Plow and more easily and cheap a fourth part at least both in Charges and in time an Ingenious Man will quickly a mend any Error such an Instrument may meet with and it is so Beneficial and easy to be done that I commend it highly to those that may have occasion There is lately a Steel-plow invented by one dwelling in Catteaten-street London which with one Man and 2 Horses or 2 Oxen may be Plow'd any Land whatever as soon as double the men and Cattle performed by common Plows Worlidge says he has seen the Model which was well made and true and Questionless will far exceed the common or usual Plows and it may cost 30 or 40s extraordinary being of Steel it will soon repay it if 2s a Day can be saved by it there is a French Plow also much like our double Plow already described which carry 2 Furrows at once the Description and use you have in I Houghtons Collection of Husbandry to which I refer you To take Moles kill Foxes c Paxamus says that an Earthen Jug or Pot large Bely'd and narrow Necked and put into it Chaf or Straw Chopt Rosin Bees Wax and some Brimstone and Ceder-wood mix them together then set them on fire then put the Neck of the Bottle into one hole and stop all the holes besides that one and passages where the Moles pass your smoak Kills them or drives them away presently Another Take white Helibor or the Bark of Dogs Còle which you please powder'd mix it or them with Wheat-flower or Barly Meal or Rye-flower and with Milk and Wine make it into a Paste put this into their holes and they eat it and it Kills them Some keep Cats in Gardens and tame Wesells that will destroy them Some use to fill the Holes with Marking-stone and wild Cucumber Juice and pour it into their Holes Some pour Oyl of Lees into their Holes only Pliny Some set Traps at the mouth of the Holes with Hair Some with a Bough fastned down in the Ground take them or take Pitch Rosin and Brimstone with some loose Tow or Rags put into an Earth long Neck Pot with a great Belly Fired and put into their Holes Stifles them Or a deep Earthen Pot let in the Ground in their Stracks just even with the surface of the Earth they fall in and cannot get out if this is wisely set it takes many especially in Bucking time which is about March Another Incredible way A Mole catcher and his Boy in 10 Days time in a Ground of 190 Acres laid down for Tillage took near three Bushels of Old and Young by casting up their Nests only which are always built in a great Heap as big again as the rest easily disern'd and then presently the Old ones would come to look their Young which he would snap up presently also or if you have a conveniency of Water bring it over the Ground and it will destroy them as far as it goes To kill Moles TO take them in Trenches spoils much Ground therefore take a Mole Spear or Staff and where you see them cast go lightly but not on the side 'twixt them and the Wind least they hear you and at the first or second putting up of the Earth strike them with your Mole Staff downright and mark which way the Earth falls most If she cast toward you strike some what over If she cast up toward the Left-hand strike somewhat on the Right-hand and so on the contrary to the casting up In plain Ground strike down and there let it remain then take out the Tongue in the Staff and with the spitle or flat end dig round about your grains to the end thereof to see if you have Killed her if you have mist her leave open the Hole and step a side a little and perhaps she 'll come to stop the Hole again for they love but very little Air and then strike again but if your miss her pour into her Hole a Gallon or two of Water and that will make her come out for fear of Drowning mind them going out in a morning to feed or coming home when fed and you may take a great many To take Moles when you Plow TAke a she with