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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42257	The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.; Comentarios reales de los Incas. English	Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1539-1616.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1688 (1688)	Wing G215; ESTC R2511	1,405,751	1,082

Centeno and Alvarado were to be apprehended and imprisoned and a Petition was to be made to the President Gasca that he would be pleased once again to revise the allotments that were made and to divide them into lesser parcels or to grant Pensions to such as wanted them and in case their expectations were not answered they then resolved to take them by force But the Plot being discovered before it came to maturity Cianca the Judge apprehended the chief Leaders and punished them wherewith the troubles were appeased Thus far Gomara CHAP. III. Some Marriages were made up between rich Widows and the Pretenders The allotments assigned to Pedro de Hinojosa and his Companions The novelty which these things caused amongst themselves THIS Authour makes a large discourse concerning the Widows of those times for we must know that in the late Wars many Husbands being killed who had great Estates in Land and commands over Indians their Estates fell to their Widows and lest these Women should marry with those who had been Rebels to the King the Governour thought fit to make matches for them and to appoint them Husbands with whom they should marry many of which lived happily with them but others who had the ill fortune to be joyned with old men were not so well contented as they had been with those they had lost The Wife of Alonso de Toro who was Major-General to Gonçalo Piçarro and had great Possessions was married to Pedro Lopez Caçalla Secretary to the President Gasca The Wife of Martin de Bustincia who was the Daughter of Huayna Capac who held the Estate in her own right and not of her Husband was married to a good Souldier and a very honest man called Diego Hernandez of whom it was reported but falsly that in his younger days he had been a Taylor which being known to the Infanta or Princess she refused the marriage saying that it was not reasonable to marry the Daughter of Huayna Capac Inca with a Ciracamayo that is in the Indian Tongue a Taylor and though the Bishop of Cozco and Captain Diego Centeno and other persons of Quality pressed the marriage they could not prevail wherefore they engaged her Brother Don Christoval Paullu to use his interest and persuade her to it who accordingly taking her aside into a corner of the Room told her that it was not convenient for her to refuse that marriage for that she would so disoblige the Spaniards that for ever after they would become mortal enemies to their Royal Family and Lineage and never more be reconciled to them At length she assenting to the advice of her Brother though with a very ill will was brought before the Bishop who was pleased to honour the marriage by celebrating the Office himself and asking the Bride by an Indian Interpreter whether she would marry that man the Interpreter asked her whether she would be the Woman of that Man for in the Indian Tongue they have no word for Marriage or Wife to which the Bride made answer in her own Language Ychach Manani Ychach Manamunani which is Perhaps I will have him and perhaps I will not have him howsoever the marriage went forward and was celebrated in the House of Diego de los Rios a Citizen of Cozco and both the Husband and Wife were alive and cohabited together when I left Cozco Many other Marriages like this were contracted all over the Empire being designed to give Estates to Pretenders and to satisfie them with the goods of other men and yet this way could not give full contentment for some esteemed the Estates that came by their Wives to be too small and inconsiderable and others whose luck it was to have ugly Women loathed them and complained of their fortune and thus it fared with these men as with others in this world wherein is no entire satisfaction The unequal division of the Land as Authours say was the cause and ground of all the ensuing troubles and mutinies for unto Pedro de Hinojosa they gave all the Indians which belonged to Gonçalo Piçarro in the Charcas which yielded an hundred thousand pieces of Eight every year besides a rich Mine of Silver which made the Revenue of this Gentleman to amount unto two hundred thousand pieces of Eight a year for it is incredible to think the vast quantities of Silver that are every year digged out of the Mines of Potocsi which were so great that Iron was become more valuable than Silver Tapacri fell to the lot of Gomez de Solis which was worth forty thousand Crowns yearly and Martin de Robles had an Estate of the like value give him But Diego Centeno though he had sustained all the labours and performed the services before related yet having not been concerned in the surrender of the Fleet at Panama he was excluded from all other Estate than that onely with which he had formerly been invested called Pucuna nor were others of his Companions in the least considered but Lorenço de Aldana had an addition granted to his former Estate in the City of Arequepa which both together were valued at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent To Don Pedro de Cabrera a division was made of some Lands in the City of Cozco called Cotapampa the Revenue of which was reckoned at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent Another to the value of forty thousand in Gold was conferred on Don Baltasar de Castilla in the Province of Parihuanacocha which yields most Gold. John Alonso Palomino received an additional increase to his former Estate which both together might make up a rent of forty thousand Crowns Licenciado Carvajal had a like Estate given him though he enjoyed it but for a short time for being Recorder of Cozco he was unfortunately killed by a fall from a Window from whence he threw himself headlong out of despair and love to a certain Lady I remember I saw him buried on St. Baptist's day but Hernan Bravo de Laguna was to content himself with a meaner lot of eight thousand pieces of Eight Revenue not having the merit of those to pretend who surrendred up the Fleet to the President at Panama who were all some more and some less very considerably rewarded and indeed those Gentlemen did justly deserve a recompense being the first who gave a turn to the scale and the principal Instruments to reduce the Empire of Peru to the obedience of his Majesty which was entirely lost when the President at first entred into it as is apparent to those who have read this History The Lots given to the rest in other Cities of Peru were not so advantageous as those before mentioned for some which were poor were improved with the adjunction of those more rich and some were divided and given to others but how poor soever they were esteemed the meanest of them was valued at eight nine and ten thousand pieces of Eight of yearly Revenue so that the ten lots and divisions which we have

of it is incredible and more to be admired than believed Blas Valera speaking of the Riches of this Temple and of the quantities of Gold and Silver which abounded after all Vessels and Ornaments were supplied saith th●● he was informed by those Indians who are called Mitmac and are a Colony who inhabit in Copa-Cavano that there was such a superfluity of Gold and Silver after all was finished as might have been sufficient to have raised and completed another Temple without other materials whatsoever and that so soon as those Indians had news of the Invasion of the Spaniards and were informed that their Errant and Business was to despoil them of their Riches they demolished their Temple and threw all the materials and the immense Wealth of it into that great Lake There is another Story which passes not unlike this That in the Valley of Orcos which is about six Leagues from Cozco towards the Sea of Zur there is a little Lake of less than half a League round but very deep and encompassed with high Woods It is reported that when the Indians understood of the Arrival of the Spaniards they threw a great quantity of the Treasure belonging to Cozco into it and amongst the rest that Chain of Gold which Huayna Capac caused to be made of which we shall speak in its due place upon assurance and belief hereof twelve or thirteen Spaniards who sojourned at Cozco not Inhabitants but Merchants and Adventures entred into an agreement together on terms of equal benefit and loss to possess themselves of that Treasure by draining the Lake for it in order whereunto they sounded the depth and found twenty three or twenty four fathom water besides the mudd which was also deep then they resolved to open a sluce or bay at the lowest ground or level of the Lake that so a wide chanel being made for the water to pass into the River of Yucay the Lake might be sewed or emptied by the great vent it would find by such an evacuation in other parts they could not open it farther because of the Rocks and disadvantage of the ground nor did they lay their Trench open to the top which perhaps might have been better but to save charges made a Mine and cut their Drain under ground This work was begun in the Year 1557. with great hopes and expectations of Treasure and being entred about fifty paces within the Earth they unhappily crossed upon a Vein of hard Rock at which pecking a long time they found that they struck more fire out of it than they drew water in which having spent much money time and labour they at length gave over the work as desperate and desisted from their Enterprise I remember that I entred two or three times within the vault whilst they were working and have heard it often reported that the Indians threw infinite Treasure into Lakes Caves and Mountains beyond all hopes or possibility of recovery Those Kings who were Incas besides the Riches they bestowed and encouragement they gave for the adornment of this Temple they endeavoured much to improve the very Land of this Isle that so they might render it fertile and fit to bear Fruit and that in gratitude to this place on which their Ancestours descending from Heaven had set their first footsteps they might enoble it with all sorts of good Husbandry and Agriculture to this end they levelled and cleared it of Rocks and Stones then they made Walks and covered them over with good Earth and Manure brought from far and made the ground capable to produce Mayz or Indian-Wheat which by reason of the coldness of the Climate is not produced in that Countrey this grane with other seeds they sowed in the Gardens which they had made and which yielded good increase together with a small quantity of Flax the which Fruits the King sent as sacred Presents to the Temple of the Sun and the select Virgins at Cozco with orders to disperse them all over the Convents and Temples of his Dominions of which they sent some grane of this Year to this place and next Year to the other which were in high esteem as Reliques or sacred Donatives and hereof they sowed some in the Gardens belonging to the Temples of the Sun and of those Houses which were of publick use within the Provinces and divided and reparted them amongst the People some Granes of this Corn they cast into the Granaries of the Sun and of the King and into the publick Magazines of Corn believing that some divine virtue was contained in it and that it would bless and increase the Corn with which it was mixed and conserve it from corruption and render all more wholsome for humane sustenance and that Indian who was so happy as to be able to get but one grane of this Mayz to throw into his Heap was possessed with a certain belief that he should never want Bread in the whole course of his Life so superstitious were they in all matters relating to their Religion and their Incas Royal Commentaries BOOK IV. CHAP. I. Of the Convent of those Virgins who were dedicated to the Sun. AMONGST the many things worthy of Observation which those Heathen Kings followed in their vain Religion and Gentilism the Profession which some of their Women made of perpetual Chastity and the Retirements which were built for them in several Provinces are not here to be omitted and for better understanding who those Women were to whom they dedicated themselves and wherein they were employed we shall declare very distinctly because it is a matter which the Spanish Historians touch but slightly and as the Proverb goes as the Cat doth a Coal of fire and particularly we shall here treat of the House at Cozco because that that was the model or pattern of all the rest In that City is a certain Lane which they call Acllahuaci which is as much as the House of the separated Virgins This Lane passed through the two Streets which lead from the Market-place to the Convent of St. Dominick which was anciently the Temple of the Sun one of these Streets passed directly from a Corner of the Market-place bending on the left hand towards the great Church to the Northward When in the Year 1570. that I departed from that City this then was the chief Street for the Merchants and the other Street which passes from the middle of the Market-place where in my time the Prison was led directly on the right hand to the said Convent of St. Dominick The Front of this House was just opposite to the Market-place and opened between those two Streets before mentioned the backside of it bordered on another Street which crosses East to West so that this House was placed in an open square between the Market-place and the three Streets and between this and the Temple of the Sun there was a separate pile of Buildings with the great Area or Court-yard before the Temple Whence we plainly

ploughing and sowing the Grounds dedicated to the Sun the which I saw and observed for two or three following years when I was a Child and by them we may guess at the form and manner of the Festivals solemnized in other parts of Peru on the same occasion though those Feasts which I saw as the Indians assured me were but faint representations of those in ancient times and were not to be esteemed comparable to them CHAP. III. Of the Proportion of Land which was allotted to every Indian and with what sort of Dung they improved it TO every Indian was given a Tupu of Land which was as much as he might sow with a Hanega which is as much as a Bushel and a half of Mayz or Indian Wheat though the Hanega of Peru is a Hanega and a half of Spain This word Tupu signifies also a League in travelling likewise all sorts of measures of Water or Wine or any other Liquour as also the great Pins with which Women tuck up their dressings The Measure of Seed-corn hath also another name which is Poccha One Tupu of Land was esteemed sufficient to maintain an ordinary Countrey-Fellow and his Wife provided he had not Children for then so soon as he had a Son they added another Tupu of Land to his Estate and if a Daughter half an one When the Son married so that he left his Father's House then he resigned over to the Son his Tupu of Land in which he had an Original Right and Propriety But this was differently observed as to Daughters for they were not to take their Lands with them in marriage it having been given them for their subsistence during their Minority onely but not to accrue to them by way of Portion for every Husband claiming his share of Land in his own Right was obliged to support his Wife the Law taking no farther cognizance of Women after their Marriage the Land remaining with the Father in case he had need of it and if not then it returned again to the Community for it was not lawfull either to sell or alienate it Proportionably to those Lands which they gave for bearing Mayz they also adjoined others which were dry Lands and did not require Water and yet produced Pulse and other seeds To Noble and great Families such as were those of the Curacas or Lords who had Subjects under them they allotted so much Land as was sufficient to maintain their Wives and Children Concubines and Servants To the Incas of the Bloud Royal the same advantage and benefit was allowed in any part wheresoever they were pleased to fix their aboad and their Lands were to be the best and richest of any And this they were to enjoy over and above the common share and right which they claimed in the Estates of the King and the Sun as Children of the one and Brothers of the other They used to dung their Lands that they might make them fruitfull and it is observable that in all the Valley about Cozco and in the hilly Countries where they sowed Mayz they esteemed the best manure to be Man's Dung and to that end they saved and gathered it with great care and drying it they cast it upon their Land before they sowed their Mayz But in the Countrey of Collao which is above an hundred and fifty Leagues long which by reason of the coldness of the Climate doth not produce Mayz though it bear other sort of Grane there they esteem the Dung of Cattle to be the best manure and improvement By the Sea-coast from below Arequepa as far as Tarapaca which is above two hundred Leagues they use no other Dung but such as comes from the Sea-birds of which there are great numbers and incredible flocks on the Coast of Peru they breed in little Islands which lie in the Sea and are unpeopled where they lay such heaps of Dung that at a distance they seem to be Hills of Snow In the times of the Incas who were Kings great care was taken of these Birds in the season of their Breeding for then on pain of Death no Man was to enter on those Islands left they should disturb the Birds or spoil their Nests nor was it lawfull to take or kill them at any time either off or upon the Island Every Island was by order of the Inca assigned to such and such Provinces and if the Island were very large then two or three of them divided the soilage the which they laid up in separate heaps that so one Province might not encroach on the proportion allotted to the other and when they came to make their Division to particular Persons and Neighbours they then weighed and shared out to every Man the quantity he was to receive and it was felony for any man to take more than what belonged to him or to rob or steal it from the ground of his Neighbour for in regard that every man had as much as was necessary for his own Lands the taking a greater quantity than what belonged to him was judged a Crime and a high offence for that this sort of Birds dung was esteemed pretious being the best improvement and manure for Land in the World. Howsoever in other parts of that Coast and in the Low Countries of Atica Atiquipa Villacori Malla and Chillca and other Vallies they dung their grounds with the Heads of a small fish like our Pilchards and with no other soilage The Natives of these Countries which we have named and others under the same Climate live with great labour and toil where they can neither water their Grounds with streams from the Springs or Fountains nor yet with the Rain or Dews from Heaven For it is a certain truth that for the space of seven hundred Leagues along that Coast it did never rain nor are there in all that tract of Land streams or places for water the whole Countrey being exceedingly hot dry and nothing almost but sand for which reason the Natives endeavouring to moisten their grounds so as to make them capable to yield Mayz they approach as near to the Sea as they are able where they turn aside and cast away the Sand which lies upon the surface and dig down as deep as a Man's Body is in length and sometimes twice as deep untill having passed the Sand they come to such a sort of Earth as is able to bear the weight of Water which places the Spaniards call Hoyas or Vaults and being of different proportions some greater and some lesser some are not capacious enough to receive above half a measure of Seed-corn others again are so large as to receive three or four measures of Seed In these places they neither plow nor reap because they rather set than sow planting their grane of Mayz at an equal distance one from the other and in the holes or furrows which they make they cast three or four grains of Mayz with a sew Pilchards Heads which being all the dung they use

it because it was so violent and strong though now they say it is come in use again amongst some toping fellows All these uses as we have said they have of this Cara besides many others in Medicines and Physick and in Plasters as we have mentioned in the other part The next sort of Grane which is ripe in the Harvest of that Countrey is that which they call Quinua or small Rice because in form and colour it much resembles it This Plant in the stalk or blade is very like our Spinage the leaf being very tender and much used by the Spaniards and Indians in all their boiled Dishes and is put into all their Broths and Potages The Indians also in those Countries which do not produce Mayz make their Drinks of this Quinua and the Indian Physicians make use of the Flour of it in all their Medicines for the sick In the year 1590 they sent me some of the Seeds of this Quinua into Spain which I sowed at divers times and seasons but never came up Besides this Grane they have three or four sorts in Peru of Fetches like Kidney-beans which they put into their boiled Meats called Purutu they are in Shells or Pods like our Lupines is Spain though bigger and whiter called Tarvi They have also a sort of these Beans which are not to be eaten called Chuy of divers colours they are used for Counters in play by Men in years and Boys in their common sport the variety of which for brevity we omit CHAP. X. Of Pulse and Roots which grow under ground THere are many other things which are produced under ground and yet are esteemed for excellent nourishment in the barren Countries which yield no plenty or quantities of Cara The chief Dish of all is Papa which being boiled or baked serves them for Bread and which they put into all their Dishes To conserve it they dry and wither it in the Sun or Frost and call it as we have said Chunu There is another sort which they call Oca of a very pleasant taste it is long and thick as a Man 's middle finger it is very sweet being eaten raw they boil it with their Meat and to keep it they dry it in the Sun and it is so delicate that without either Sugar or Honey it seems a Conserve and then it is called Cavi There is another sort like this in the shape but not in the taste being very bitter and cannot be eaten unless it be boiled and then they call it Annus The Indians say that it is an Enemy to procreation but those who would not lose their appetite to Courtship holding in their hands a wand or stick at the time they eat it can as they say find no hurt or prejudice by it I have often heard them to talk and discourse to this purpose and seen them practise it but I believe it was rather by way of jest or merriment than out of belief of this old Womans story Those Roots which the Spaniards call Patatas and the Indians of Peru Apichu are of four or five several colours some are red others white others yellow others brown and are of different tastes the worst sort are of those which are brought into Spain They have also a sort of Goards called Roman Goards and in Peru Capallu they grow like Melons they eat them boiled or baked but never raw The sort of Goards of which they make Bottels or Vessels for all manner of uses are very good and in great plenty which they call Mati but the Goards which are eatable were not known untill the time of the Spaniards There is another sort of Root which they dig out of the Earth which the Indians call Ynchic and the Spaniards Mani all the Names which the Spaniards give to their Fruits and Pulse of Peru are all taken from the Language used in the Island of Barlovento The Ynchic both in the kernel and taste is very like Almonds If it be eaten crude it offends the head if baked or parched it is pleasant and wholsome and with Honey makes admirable Almond-cake they also press Oil out of it for divers diseases Besides these there is another sort of Root which grows under ground called by the Indians Chuchuchu for which as yet the Spaniards have coined no proper Name because they have no sort of that Fruit in the Islands of Barlovento which are very hot Countries but this grows in Collao which is a cold Climate being eaten raw it is delicious to the palate and a great strengthener of the stomach the Roots of it are much longer and deeper in the ground than the Anni-seeds It casts no leaf above ground but onely a green Fiber which shews the place where the Chuchuchu is found and when that greenness withers it is a sign that the Fruit is ripe and the season to gather it This Fruit and the Ynchic are esteemed delicacies fit for the palate of the rich and curious rather than for the diet of the common people who make it their business to gather and present them to the Rich and persons of Power and Quality CHAP. XI Of Fruits and Fruit-Trees of the largest sort THere is another sort of Fruit excellent and good which the Spaniards having no name for call it a Cucumber because it is something like it in its shape though not in the taste nor yet in the quality of it being of good digestion and such as they prescribe to persons sick of Calentures or high Fevers and of another nature to the Cucumbers of Spain What name the Indians give them I must confess that I have quite forgot for which I blame my self and cannot imagine the word they give it unless it be Cacham but I hope that the distance I am now from my own Countrey and my long absence from thence will excuse my ignorance amongst my Countreymen for whose sake I have undertaken this work without other hopes or expectation of reward than onely to please and serve them These Cucumbers are of three several sorts and sizes the least which are such as are in the form of a Heart and grow in little bushes are the best There is another sort of Fruit called Chili which was brought to Cozco in the year 1557. It is very delicious to the palate and wholsome it grows on branches which run almost level with the ground it bears a kind of colour or grane like the Arbuteus and is of the same bigness onely it is not round but rather long in fashion of a Heart There are many other sorts of Fruits which grow on high Trees some of which are produced in hot Countries such as are on the Sea-coast about the Antis others in more temperate Climates such as are the warm Vallies of Peru but because these Fruits are common in many places it will not be necessary to particularize the several sorts of them but onely to report in what manner they grow And first as to

and therefore more pliant or not so stiff as they desired both of them aimed low at each other so that Hernando Piçarro forely wounded his Enemy in the thigh piercing the Coat of Male which covered it Pedro de Lerma wounded Piçarro's Horse in the Forehead which razed the skin and with the sharp point of the Lance cut the head-stall of the Horse and then making a second charge he happened to bear upon the pummel of the Saddle with such force that though it were made for War yet it broke and gave way to the Lance which passing forward pierced the Coat of Male and wounded Piçarro In the belly though not mortally for the Horse being over-born fell backwards to the ground by which means yielding to the force of the stroke he saved his life which otherwise had been in great danger for had the Lance found full resistence it had passed quite thorow his Entrails On this occasion both our Historians having just cause to applaud the Prowess and Valour of Orgonnos do almost use the same words Augustine Carate in the Encomiu● which he gives of him saith as follows In this Fight Rodrigo Orgonnos was wounded with a Chain-shot in the forehead which passed the Beaver of his Head-piece and yet after this wound he killed two Men with his Lance and with his Rapier he ran another into the mouth who was a Servant to Hernando Piçarro mistaking him for the Master by reason of his good Habit. Thus far Carate And here it is to be noted that he who sent a Narrative of this Battel into Spain must have been an Enemy to Piçarro because the Relation he gave thereof was to the prejudice of that party for he reports that Hernando Piçarro had cloathed a Servant of his with the same Habit which he pretended to wear on the day of Battel that so those who fought for him might reak their fury on his Servant and suffer him to escape which if it had been true he might have deserved the disgrace and character of Coward But though this Story was absolutely false yet it so far prevailed in Spain and over all Peru that the Royal Council of the Indies to be truly informed of the matter sent for a famous Souldier who was present at the Battel on Almagro's side called Silvestre Gonzalez and amongst other things demanded of him they asked Whether in Peru Hernando Piçarro was esteemed for a Coward In reply unto which though the Souldier was of the adverse party yet he averred all that which was reported of Hernando Piçarro touching the Combat which he and his Companions fought and related it in the same manner as we have done adding that such was the common fame and report concerning the particulars of that Battel This passed at Madrid towards the latter years of the Imprisonment of Hernando Piçarro which were twenty three in all and this Souldier himself acquainted me with what he had declared to the King's Council of the Indies But that which gave the first colour to this scandalous report was as he said the term of Servant which we call a Companion for it was said that he was richly cloathed and so it was true for he was habited exactly like Piçarro wearing a Coat of Incarnation-coloured Velvet which was very much slashed Thus far was very true but then that wherein the mistake lay was that this Person was a Servant and not a Companion But to proceed When the Souldiers of Hernando Piçarro saw their Commander on the ground they believed that he was killed and then presently the Armies began to engage and fought with such bravery that a great slaughter ensued on both sides for they killed and wounded each other with extreme fury and despair forgetting that they were of the same Nation and Religion or Brothers and Companions in Arms and that they had entred into Articles of Agreement and Brother-hood for the Conquest of that Empire The Victory continued for a much longer time doubtfull than was believed for though the Almagrians were much Inferiour in their Numbers yet the others being equal in their Courage and Art of War made great resistence but the advantage which the other party had by their Harquebuses was so great that with the loss of many lives they at last yielded and after most of them were killed and wounded the rest were put to flight when in the pursuit the cruelty and slaughter was greater than in the Battel not pardoning those who were already conquered and had yielded to their force as Carate and Gomara do both avouch one in the 11th Chapter of the third Book and the other in the Chap. 141. the Words of which are these which follow CHAP. XXXVIII Of the fatal Consequences which ensued after the Battel of Salinas THE Armies of Almagro and Gonzalo Piçarro joyned Battel and both sides like Spaniards fought with much Bravery but at length the Piçarrists prevailed who made use of their Victory with much cruelty and severity which in excuse they attribute to the revenge they designed for the defection which was made from Alvarado at the bridge of Amancay Orgonnos having yielded himself Prisoner unto two Cavaliers another came and fell upon him and killed him When Captain Ruydiaz was taken and quarter given him one came behind and passed his body thorough with his Lance in the same manner many others were killed after they had thrown away their Arms and Quarter given them Samaniego stabbed Pedro de Lerma by night in his bed Many died fighting with their Swords in their hands of which the Captains were Moscoso Salinas and Hernando de Alvarado besides such a number of Spaniards that had the Indians as was talked fallen upon those few that remained they might easily have become Masters of them all But they were so busie and taken up in stripping the dead whom they left naked and in plundering the Tents and Baggage which were not guarded for every one was employed in the pursuit that they had no leisure to think of this advantage Almagro by reason of his indisposition of health did not engage personally in the Battel but stood on the side of a Hill to behold the success which when he perceived to have been fatal to himself he fled to the Fortress of Cozco where being pursued and taken by Gonzalo Piçarro and Alonso de Alvarado they cast him into the same Prison wherein they themselves had been detained and held by him Thus far are the Words of Gomara with which he concludes that Chapter Amongst the many remarkable passages which happened that day of which some are omitted by this Authour we shall add others not unworthy to be noted One whereof is this A certain Cavalier carrying behind him on his Horse Hernando de Sotelo who was Kinsman of Christopher Sotelo for his Prisoner to whom he had given Quarter there came a Souldier and shot him with his Carbine through the back the Bullet wounding though not mortally the person

their milk they learned to pronounce the Name of God on no other occasion than of Prayers and Praises to him But whilst Gonçalo Piçarro was solemnizing the Festival appointed in honour to his new Title of Governour he did not forget his dependence on Spain and therefore proposed first to his Captains and Friends in private and afterwards publickly to the Citizens of Los Reyes that it was necessary to send Messengers to his Majesty to render an account of all that happened unto that time beseeching his Majesty in behalf of that whole Empire to confer the Government thereof upon Gonçalo Piçarro representing it as a matter much conducing to the service of his Majesty and to the common peace and tranquillity both of Indians and Spaniards And moreover that Piçarro should dispatch a private Agent as from himself who should lay before his Majesty the many services and labours which he had sustained for the enlargement of the dominions of Spain in those parts this Proposal was approved by the common consent of all and generally the World was of opinion that a Proposition of this nature tending so much to the welfare of the people to the increase of his Majesty's revenue and enrichment of his Subjects would not be refused onely Francisco de Carvajal as Diego Fernandez Palentino relates in the twenty eighth Chapter of his Book was of another opinion and declared that the best Agents to persuade in Affairs of this kind were a good body of Musquetiers Horse and Arms And though it was true that Subjects ought never to take up Arms against their King yet when they had once drawn the Sword they ought never to put it up again and that for the present if they would send Messengers they should be the Judges themselves who having been the persons that had imprisoned the Vice-king they were the most able to render an account to his Majesty of the reasons and causes which moved them thereunto This opinion was seconded by Hernando Bachicao but the votes of two men could not over-rule the sense of the whole Court who decreed to send Doctour Texada and Francisco Maldonado Usher of the Hall to Gonçalo Piçarro into Spain with instructions to represent unto his Majesty the present state and condition of their Affairs It was also ordered that these persons should embark on a Ship then in Port besides which there was no other at that time and whereon Licenciado Vaca de Castro was a prisoner and stood committed by order from the Vice-king and now remained in expectation how the present Governours would dispose of him not judging it fit to fail for Spain without the Orders of some over-ruling power 'T was farther agreed that Hernando Bachicao should have the Charge to provide the Ship with Men and Guns and thereon to transport their Agents to Panama of which Vaca de Castro being informed by a Friend and Kinsman of his called Garcia de Mont-alvo he presently apprehended that in case they brought him ashoar from the Ship some mischief might ensue to him or at least some treatment not beseeming his quality and condition he resolved with the assistence of his Kinsman Mont-alvo and of the Servants then with him to weigh Anchor and set sail for Panama The matter succeeded as was expected and desired for there was not one person of Piçarro's faction then aboard and the Mariners were all for Vaca de Castro who was very well beloved and esteemed by the people of the Countrey Piçarro was greatly troubled at this disappointment for the sending of his Agents into Spain he esteemed to be the onely means to set matters right and well understood at that Court. CHAP. XXII How much Gonçalo Piçarro was troubled for the Escape of Vaca de Castro and what disturbance it caused Hernando Bachicao goes to Panama The Vice-king sends abroad his Warrants to raise Men. HEreupon as all the three Writers agree it was conceived that this Escape of Vaca de Castro could not be contrived without a Conspiracy of several persons concerned therein so that immediately an Allarum was given over all the Town the Souldiers were put in Arms and all those Gentlemen whom they suspected as well such as were Natives or Citizens of Los Reyes as those who had fled from Cozco and those who were of the Vice-king's party were all seized and committed to the publick prison and amongst them Licenciado Carvajal was one to whom Major General Carvajal sent order that he should at that instant confess and make his last Will and Testament for that it was decreed he should presently be put to death Carvajal with all readiness submitted to the sentence and began to prepare himself for the same the Executioner stood by him with his Halter and Gibbet and urged him to finish his Affairs howsoever he continued something long in his confession no question but he expected to dye without any reprieve howsoever such as considered the quality of his person and condition were of opinion that he ought not to have been brought under those circumstances but since it had so fallen out it would be dangerous to suffer him to live but then it was considered that in case Carvajal were put to death many of those who were now in custody would follow the same fate which would be a great loss to the Kingdom to be deprived of the most principal persons thereof who had always been faithfull to the Interest of his Majesty Whilst Licenciado Carvajal remained under these sad apprehensions certain sober persons went to Gonçalo Piçarro and told him that it were well to consider in this case how great an Interest the Licenciado Carvajal had in his Coutrey and that the Agent Carvajal who was his brother was put to death by the Vice-king for no other cause or reason than because his man followed the party and side of Piçarro and therefore for the very merit of his brother and for the services of this person he should spare his life who was and might be of great use and benefit to him for the future And as to the escape of Vaca de Castro all the World was well satisfied That neither Licenciado Carvajal nor the others who were imprisoned upon suspicion were concerned therein and that all this jealousie did arise from the vain censures of some people for which there was no just cause or ground To all which Declaration Gonçalo Piçarro answered little but seemed angry and disturbed commanding that none should move him farther in that matter Hereupon Carvajal and his Friends resolved to proceed another way which was by means of the Major General to whom they secretly presented a Wedge of gold to the value of two thousand pieces of Eight and promised him much more the which having accepted he began to be a little backward and cold in the execution of the sentence and went and came so often untill at length both Carvajal and all the others who were imprisoned were set at liberty So this

and though they were all select and choice men yet they were so affrighted and distracted with the Villany they were going to act as if they had been to charge a formidable enemy whereas indeed they were going to kill a Gentleman who fearing and apprehending no evil gave easie access to all people In short they entring the House the first person they met was Alonso de Castro who was Deputy-Governour who seeing men come up in that tumultuous manner thought to qualifie them with good words and said Gentlemen what is the occasion of this commotion God save the King. Presently Don Sebastian drawing his Sword 't is not now seasonable said he for such treaties The Deputy seeing his Sword drawn turned his back and fled but a certain Souldier called Anselmo d'Ervias pursued him and ran him through with his Rapier and tucked him to the Wall with which the point of his Sword being bent when he would have given him a thrust or two more the Rapier would not enter which made the Souldier say what a tough hide this Dog Traitour hath but others coming in to his aid they soon dispatched him Then rushing into the Chamber of Pedro de Hinojosa they found him not there nor in any of the other Rooms of the House at which they were much troubled fearing lest he had made his escape whereupon two of them putting out their heads at the Window of the Street cried out the Tyrant is dead the Tyrant is dead which they said intending to call their own complotters to their assistence before the people of the City could come to the rescue of the General those who remained below in the yard searched for him in all private passages and entries of the House and at length a Souldier chanced to find him in a secret corner near the necessary Office and said in a jeering manner Sir I beseech your Worship to come forth for here is Don John de Castilla and other Cavaliers come to speak with you and kiss your hands The General hereupon coming forth in his morning Gown a Souldier called Gonçalo de Mata went boldly up to him and said Sir these Gentlemen are desirous to have you for their Lord their General and their Father as Palentino reports Chapter the twelfth in these words The General smiling as it were spake out aloud What me alas Gentlemen command me as you please to which Garci Tello de Vega made answer A curse light on you 't is now too late we have a good General already of Don Sebastian and with that run him thorough the Body to the very Hilt of his Sword with which he immediately fell to the ground and endeavouring to arise Antonio de Sepulveda and Anselmo de Hervias came in upon him and gave him two wounds more with which he cried out for a Confessour but he speedily expired by this time Don Garci Tello was come down and being told that the General was dead he bid them make sure work for the whole affair depended thereupon so Anselmo de Hervias returned to him who lay extended on the ground and gave him a good slash over the face with which he yielded up his last breath Then all the Assassinates gathering in a body came to the Market-place and cried out God save the King the Tyrant is dead which is the common language of Rebels in Peru and then they plundred the House and in a moment all was carried away c. Thus far Diego Hernandez But as to that great cut which they say Hervias gave him over the face it was not with a Sword but a dash with a slab of Silver which they had taken out of his Closet where he had heaped up so many as if they had been Tiles to cover a House with which giving him a blow here said he take thy fill of Riches for the sake of which thou didst break thy word and faith to us and wouldst not be our Commander according to thy promise The General being slain the Conspiratours ran out crying aloud Long live the King long live the King the covetous Tyrant is dead the breaker of his Faith. At the same instant Garci Tello de Guzman appeared with his fifteen Associates who dividing themselves into two parties ran to kill Paulo de Meneses and Martin de Robles with whom the Souldiery was highly displeased because having called them to their respective aids to joyn with them in their private quarrels one against the other as is before related was afterwards contented to make peace and be reconciled to the disappointment of the Souldiery who called it an Affront and a contrivance to fool them But Martin de Robles having timely notice brought him by an Indian Servant of all that had passed leaped out of his Bed in his Shirt and escaped Paulo de Meneses considering the insolency of the Souldiers and that it could not be long before it broke forth into open Outrages departed from the City that very night and went to a Countrey Seat not far from thence where having received information of all that had passed he immediately fled to more remote parts beyond the reach of their power The Souldiers not finding them plundered and robbed their houses of every thing that was in them and then went to the Market-place to join with Don Sebastian and because they had a quarrel with every man that had any Estate they seised upon Pedro Hernandez de Paniagua who was the person employed by the President Gasca to carry the Letters to Gonçalo Piçarro and for that Service had an Estate given him in the City of Plate they also apprehended John Ortez de Carate and Antonio Alvarez and all the Citizens that they could catch for so senseless were they and inapprehensive of the licencious Souldiers that they suspected nothing untill they were seised by them Polo the Lawyer having timely notice by an Indian Servant called Yacuna made his escape on horse-back The other Souldiers who were dispersed over the City flocked to the Market-place in a Body Then Tello de Vega surnamed the Blockhead took an Ensign or Colours from the Indians and set it up in the Market-place as Palentino saith and issued out Orders by beat of Drum that all Inhabitants and others upon pain of death should immediately repair thither and list themselves under that Standard and hereupon Rodrigo de Orellana leaving the Staff of his Authority at home though then Sheriff came and surrendred himself in like manner John Ramon and Gomez Hernandez the Lawyer did the same and as every one was listed they came in at one door of the Church and went out at the other so that the number taken amounted to a hundred and fifty two persons Then was Don Sebastian nominated for Captain General and Chief Justice and two days afterwards he caused the Citizens then in his custody to chuse him for their Mayor and Gomez Hernandez the Lawyer to be Recorder and John de Huarte was made Serjeant