his_o foot_n this_o sort_n of_o wit_n be_v a_o delicate_a thing_n and_o endure_v no_o rough_a handle_n but_o still_o i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mere_a quickness_n of_o representation_n but_o in_o the_o perfection_n represent_v that_o natural_a thing_n do_v so_o far_o exceed_v the_o most_o artificial_a image_n and_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o in_o all_o representation_n of_o object_n of_o worship_n those_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a which_o best_a set_v forth_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o be_v as_o it_o deserve_v our_o worship_n now_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o work_n of_o creation_n manifest_a god_n eternal_a power_n and_o what_o be_v it_o the_o image_n of_o a_o old_a man_n represent_v so_o that_o compare_v these_o two_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v in_o regard_n of_o real_a representation_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v much_o more_o deserve_v to_o be_v worship_v than_o any_o image_n whatsoever_o and_o vasquez_n do_v well_o prove_v that_o upon_o the_o principle_n of_o worship_a image_n 2._o one_o may_v lawful_o worship_n god_n in_o any_o creature_n whatsoever_o for_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n in_o the_o image_n by_o a_o mere_a fiction_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o worship_v that_o image_n be_v not_o god_n real_a presence_n in_o every_o creature_n a_o far_o better_a ground_n and_o reason_n to_o worship_v it_o and_o all_o the_o distinction_n and_o evasion_n which_o serve_v in_o one_o will_v equal_o serve_v in_o the_o other_o case_n how_o earnest_o do_v t._n g._n contend_v for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n footstool_n and_o why_o may_v not_o his_o footstep_n be_v worship_v as_o well_o as_o his_o footstool_n i_o be_o sure_a t._n g._n himself_o can_v not_o have_v take_v the_o height_n and_o bigness_n of_o hercules_n from_o his_o footstool_n which_o he_o say_v be_v do_v from_o his_o footstep_n and_o therefore_o one_o come_v near_a to_o the_o thing_n worship_v than_o the_o other_o cardinal_n lugo_n give_v a_o excellent_a answer_n to_o this_o metaphor_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v god_n footstep_n 1_o for_o say_v he_o they_o may_v be_v worship_v for_o all_o that_o for_o do_v not_o we_o worship_v the_o footstep_n of_o saint_n in_o many_o church_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o adore_v the_o footstep_n of_o god_n but_o t._n g._n give_v another_o reason_n against_o worship_v the_o creature_n 5._o 94._o viz._n that_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n of_o terminate_a the_o worship_n upon_o they_o than_o upon_o a_o image_n because_o they_o be_v creature_n subsist_v of_o themselves_o and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o real_a benefit_n to_o mankind_n if_o there_o be_v more_o danger_n in_o the_o one_o there_o be_v more_o folly_n in_o the_o other_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o father_n who_o look_v on_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o the_o most_o silly_a and_o childish_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n while_o they_o think_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o heaven_n very_o excusable_a upon_o this_o ground_n i_o have_v say_v before_o it_o follow_v that_o what_o deserve_v most_o honour_n shall_v have_v the_o least_o give_v it_o and_o that_o which_o deserve_v least_o shall_v have_v most_o for_o the_o danger_n be_v still_o great_a where_o the_o excellency_n be_v great_a and_o by_o this_o reason_n we_o ought_v rather_o to_o worship_v a_o beast_n than_o a_o saint_n for_o there_o be_v less_o danger_n of_o terminate_a the_o worship_n on_o one_o than_o on_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o egyptian_n be_v more_o excusable_a than_o the_o papist_n these_o word_n he_o return_v upon_o i_o on_o a_o very_a slight_a occasion_n viz._n set_v the_o sun_n before_o a_o ant_n or_o a_o fly_n 86._o as_o though_o they_o have_v be_v a_o reason_n of_o my_o give_v where_o as_o i_o only_o show_v the_o ridiculousness_n of_o this_o which_o be_v the_o only_a pretence_n they_o have_v for_o not_o worship_v god_n by_o a_o live_a old_a man_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o picture_n of_o one_o and_o if_o this_o be_v all_o t._n g._n have_v to_o say_v i_o see_v still_o the_o distinction_n of_o sovereign_n and_o inferior_a of_o absolute_a and_o relative_a worship_n will_v bear_v any_o man_n out_o in_o the_o worship_n of_o any_o creature_n with_o a_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o well_o at_o least_o as_o it_o do_v they_o in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n vasquez_n say_v there_o be_v these_o several_a ground_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o a_o creature_n among_o they_o sup_n 1._o representation_n which_o belong_v to_o a_o image_n 2._o contact_n although_o long_o since_o past_a thence_o they_o worship_v the_o cross_n nail_n garment_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v touch_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n or_o the_o saint_n 3._o union_n thence_o they_o worship_v all_o relic_n which_o have_v be_v part_n of_o the_o saint_n 4._o presence_n thence_o god_n be_v more_o present_a in_o his_o work_n than_o any_o saint_n can_v be_v in_o a_o garment_n he_o do_v once_o wear_v there_o be_v more_o reason_n to_o worship_n god_n in_o his_o work_n than_o any_o saint_n in_o relic_n cardinal_n lugo_n assign_v these_o several_a reason_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n in_o any_o creature_n 1._o because_o they_o worship_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n as_o the_o hand-writing_n of_o any_o saint_n sup_n much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o worship_n god_n work_n with_o a_o relative_n worship_n 2._o because_o they_o worship_v the_o very_a place_n where_o the_o saint_n have_v be_v as_o a_o stone_n on_o which_o they_o have_v sit_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o contact_n and_o propinquity_n much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o worship_n god_n creature_n to_o who_o he_o be_v far_o near_a than_o the_o body_n of_o a_o saint_n to_o a_o stone_n 3._o because_o they_o receive_v gift_n from_o prince_n with_o great_a veneration_n although_o mean_v in_o themselves_o therefore_o since_o all_o the_o creature_n be_v god_n gift_n we_o may_v worship_v they_o for_o his_o sake_n 4._o because_o a_o man_n be_v the_o live_a image_n of_o god_n therefore_o as_o a_o wooden_a image_n may_v be_v worship_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o exemplar_n much_o more_o say_v he_o ought_v such_o a_o lively_a image_n as_o man_n be_v thus_o we_o see_v how_o man_n of_o the_o great_a understanding_n among_o they_o have_v discern_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o their_o own_o principle_n of_o worship_n and_o find_v there_o be_v no_o defend_v they_o without_o yield_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o worship_v god_n through_o any_o of_o his_o creature_n and_o live_v man_n rather_o than_o dead_a image_n on_o the_o account_n of_o a_o full_a representation_n of_o god_n and_o say_v lugo_n with_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n in_o respect_n of_o god_n and_o a_o inferior_a worship_n on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o proper_a excellency_n 8._o if_o man_n have_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n about_o divine_a worship_n they_o can_v not_o have_v think_v of_o a_o principle_n more_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o general_a sense_n of_o it_o than_o this_o be_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o creature_n but_o there_o be_v two_o case_n wherein_o they_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o 1._o in_o the_o case_n of_o indecency_n although_o there_o have_v be_v a_o real_a contact_n thus_o the_o lip_n of_o judas_n be_v except_v although_o they_o touch_v christ._n and_o cardinal_n lugo_n with_o particular_a caution_n except_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o ass_n on_o which_o christ_n ride_v to_o jerusalem_n 11._o but_o say_v arriaga_n there_o be_v indignitas_fw-la moralis_fw-la 10._o that_o do_v hinder_v the_o worship_n of_o judas_n his_o lip_n however_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v how_o this_o can_v cut_v off_o the_o adorability_n of_o they_o on_o the_o principle_n of_o vasquez_n and_o lugo_n as_o to_o the_o ass_n on_o which_o christ_n ride_v there_o be_v some_o say_v he_o do_v yield_v that_o it_o may_v be_v worship_v and_o the_o mule_n and_o the_o ass_n which_o stand_v by_o the_o manger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o manger_n be_v self_n but_o it_o may_v be_v it_o be_v better_o deny_v because_o there_o be_v say_v he_o i_o know_v not_o what_o meanness_n in_o it_o which_o hinder_v adoration_n but_o he_o add_v that_o in_o all_o these_o moral_a thing_n very_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o person_n and_o in_o case_n the_o intention_n be_v right_o direct_v he_o think_v it_o very_o hard_a upon_o their_o principle_n to_o prove_v that_o god_n can_v be_v worship_v in_o any_o creature_n 2._o in_o case_n of_o public_a scandal_n they_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o not_o from_o any_o real_a hurt_n in_o the_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o people_n have_v be_v only_o hitherto_o accustom_v to_o worship_n image_n and_o relic_n of_o saint_n the_o danger_n say_v vasquez_n from_o cajetan_n will_v
subject_n to_o give_v homage_n to_o he_o and_o another_o day_n to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o altar_n as_o he_o be_v after_o his_o election_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 6._o there_o to_o receive_v adoration_n from_o the_o cardinal_n as_o the_o vicar_n of_o christ_n will_v any_o man_n say_v he_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n in_o these_o because_o the_o same_o posture_n may_v be_v use_v in_o both_o although_o then_o the_o outward_a act_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o act_n may_v be_v far_o from_o equivocal_a because_o determine_v by_o the_o circumstance_n which_o do_v accompany_v they_o i_o grant_v then_o that_o the_o mere_a external_a act_n of_o adoration_n in_o bow_v or_o kneel_v may_v be_v give_v both_o on_o the_o account_n of_o honour_n and_o worship_n i._n e._n upon_o the_o account_n of_o excellency_n and_o superiority_n as_o some_o of_o the_o patriarch_n bow_v to_o angel_n as_o a_o token_n of_o honour_n of_o their_o excellency_n and_o not_o out_o of_o religious_a worship_n and_o man_n may_v bow_v and_o kneel_v to_o their_o sovereign_a prince_n on_o the_o account_n of_o civil_a worship_n and_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n in_o token_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o creature_n to_o their_o creator_n in_o their_o solemn_a act_n of_o devotion_n but_o i_o say_v in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o different_a signification_n of_o these_o act_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o they_o 3._o and_o that_o act_n of_o religious_a and_o civil_a worship_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o come_v the_o appointment_n of_o set_a time_n and_o place_n and_o solemn_a rite_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o hence_o cicero_n give_v that_o definition_n of_o religion_n 53._o religio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la superioris_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la naturae_fw-la quam_fw-la divinam_fw-la vocant_fw-la curam_fw-la ceremoniamque_fw-la affert_fw-la therefore_o they_o think_v the_o solemn_a rite_n and_o circumstance_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v sufficient_a to_o discriminate_a the_o nature_n of_o that_o worship_n from_o any_o other_o and_o these_o they_o think_v so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n that_o whatever_o be_v they_o give_v this_o solemn_a worship_n to_o they_o think_v to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o deity_n although_o inferior_a and_o subordinate_a because_o these_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o divine_a be_v aquinas_n can_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v some_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o other_o 5._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o make_v religion_n a_o moral_a virtue_n and_o a_o part_n of_o justice_n because_o it_o be_v its_o office_n reddere_fw-la cultum_fw-la debitum_fw-la deo_fw-la to_o give_v god_n the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o now_o say_v he_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o himself_o be_v infinite_o above_o all_o other_o therefore_o the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o aught_o to_o be_v peculiar_a ad_fw-la religionem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la say_v cajetan_n 3._o exhibere_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la uni_fw-la deo_fw-la secundum_fw-la unam_fw-la rationem_fw-la in_fw-la quantum_fw-la sc_n est_fw-la primum_fw-la principium_fw-la creationis_fw-la &_o gubernationis_fw-la rerum_fw-la but_o since_o this_o reason_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o the_o creation_n and_o government_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n as_o to_o be_v incommunicable_a to_o any_o else_o beside_o he_o be_v there_o not_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o act_n of_o this_o worship_n shall_v be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o too_o and_o upon_o this_o ground_n aquinas_n do_v grant_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sacrifice_n 2._o hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la videmus_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la republica_n observari_fw-la quod_fw-la summum_fw-la rectorem_fw-la aliquo_fw-la signo_fw-la singulari_fw-la honorant_fw-la quod_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la alteri_fw-la deferretur_fw-la esset_fw-la crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la in_o lege_fw-la divina_fw-la statuitur_fw-la poena_fw-la mortis_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la divinum_fw-la honorem_fw-la aliis_fw-la exhibent_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o infer_v not_o only_o that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o religious_a worship_n appropriate_v to_o god_n but_o that_o the_o give_v the_o worship_n do_v by_o those_o act_n to_o any_o creature_n be_v a_o crime_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n the_o same_o aquinas_n 120._o dispute_v against_o the_o heathen_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a thing_n to_o those_o that_o hold_v one_o first_o principle_n to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o other_o beside_o he_o and_o we_o give_v worship_n to_o god_n not_o that_o he_o need_v it_o but_o that_o hereby_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n may_v be_v confirm_v in_o we_o by_o external_a and_o sensible_a act_n which_o can_v be_v do_v say_v he_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o peculiar_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o this_o we_o call_v divine_a worship_n beside_o this_o external_a worship_n be_v necessary_a to_o man_n to_o raise_v in_o their_o mind_n a_o spiritual_a reverence_n of_o god_n and_o we_o find_v that_o custom_n have_v a_o great_a influence_n on_o man_n mind_n but_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o man_n that_o the_o honour_n or_o worship_n give_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o none_o else_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v much_o more_o so_o towards_o god_n because_o if_o a_o liberty_n be_v allow_v of_o give_v this_o worship_n to_o other_o of_o a_o high_a rank_n and_o not_o only_o to_o the_o supreme_a than_o man_n and_o angel_n may_v give_v divine_a worship_n to_o one_o another_o to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o that_o of_o creation_n and_o preservation_n and_o that_o he_o be_v our_o lord_n by_o a_o proper_a title_n and_o angel_n and_o the_o best_a of_o creature_n be_v but_o his_o servant_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v the_o same_o worship_n to_o they_o that_o we_o do_v to_o god_n as_o our_o lord_n in_o his_o disputation_n about_o idolatry_n 2._o he_o show_v that_o the_o command_n exod._n 20._o do_v reach_n to_o external_a as_o well_o as_o internal_a worship_n and_o he_o argue_v against_o those_o who_o plead_v that_o all_o visible_a and_o external_a worship_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o other_o god_n and_o only_o internal_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n as_o be_v much_o better_a upon_o this_o principle_n that_o the_o external_a belong_v only_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o internal_a belong_v and_o he_o dispute_v against_o those_o heretic_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a in_o time_n of_o persecution_n to_o give_v external_a worship_n to_o idol_n as_o long_o as_o they_o preserve_v the_o true_a faith_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o say_v he_o the_o external_a worship_n be_v a_o profession_n or_o sign_n of_o the_o internal_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pernicious_a thing_n for_o a_o man_n to_o speak_v contrary_a to_o his_o mind_n so_o it_o be_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o s._n augustin_n condemn_v seneca_n as_o so_o much_o the_o more_o culpable_a in_o the_o worship_n of_o idol_n because_o he_o act_v against_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n in_o the_o next_o article_n 3._o he_o show_v that_o idolatry_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n for_o say_v he_o as_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o great_a crime_n to_o give_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n to_o any_o other_o for_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o lie_v in_o a_o man_n to_o put_v all_o thing_n into_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n so_o among_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v against_o god_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a whereby_o a_o man_n give_v divine_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o say_v that_o it_o include_v blasphemy_n in_o it_o because_o it_o take_v away_o from_o god_n the_o peculiarity_n of_o his_o dominion_n cajetan_n there_o say_v that_o the_o idolater_n as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v tollit_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la svam_fw-la singularem_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la qua_fw-la solus_fw-la est_fw-la deus_fw-la rob_v god_n of_o that_o peculiar_a excellency_n whereby_o he_o be_v god_n alone_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o necessity_n of_o some_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v assert_v by_o these_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o preserve_v the_o belief_n and_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n in_o the_o world_n suarez_n grant_v 4._o that_o as_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v singular_a and_o above_o all_o creature_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a and_o incommunicable_a worship_n as_o be_v plain_a from_o those_o word_n of_o scripture_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v but_o then_o he_o make_v this_o worship_n
idolater_n in_o all_o age_n be_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o image_n they_o do_v represent_v the_o object_n of_o their_o worship_n as_o present_v to_o they_o so_o as_o thereby_o to_o be_v put_v more_o in_o mind_n of_o he_o and_o to_o excite_v their_o reverence_n and_o devotion_n but_o s._n paul_n tell_v the_o athenian_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o such_o representation_n of_o god_n presence_n for_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o every_o one_o of_o we_o for_o in_o he_o we_o live_v and_o move_v and_o have_v our_o being_n and_o that_o man_n who_o will_v not_o find_v god_n in_o those_o admirable_a effect_n of_o his_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n we_o carry_v continual_o about_o we_o will_v hardly_o find_v he_o in_o the_o senseless_a representation_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n and_o he_o that_o will_v not_o stand_v in_o awe_n of_o he_o as_o he_o govern_v the_o world_n will_v hardly_o fear_v he_o when_o he_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o shape_n of_o a_o man_n although_o he_o have_v a_o thunderbolt_n in_o his_o hand_n 4._o from_o the_o disparity_n between_o god_n and_o image_n v_o 29._o for_o as_o much_o then_o as_o we_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o god_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v that_o the_o godhead_n be_v like_a to_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o stone_n grave_v by_o art_n or_o man_n device_n upon_o which_o word_n lorinus_n a_o jesuit_n make_v this_o paraphrase_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o athenian_n follow_v their_o own_o poet_n do_v confess_v that_o we_o be_v the_o live_a image_n of_o god_n they_o ought_v to_o think_v that_o material_a idol_n make_v by_o the_o art_n of_o man_n 29._o which_o fall_v far_o short_a of_o the_o perfection_n of_o nature_n be_v infinite_o distant_a from_o the_o divine_a power_n by_o which_o we_o obtain_v a_o dignity_n far_o above_o these_o material_a thing_n and_o since_o we_o can_v express_v this_o image_n of_o god_n in_o we_o by_o any_o line_n much_o less_o can_v we_o the_o divine_a original_a so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o gross_a ignorance_n to_o affirm_v that_o god_n can_v dwell_v or_o be_v include_v or_o worship_v in_o or_o by_o their_o altar_n or_o image_n for_o so_o delubra_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v by_o he_o if_o he_o speak_v pertinent_o for_o although_o sometime_o it_o signify_v a_o temple_n with_o more_o image_n than_o one_o yet_o servius_n withal_o say_v aen._n it_o signify_v a_o wooden_a image_n and_o so_o festus_n understand_v it_o which_o thing_n i_o be_o force_v to_o explain_v to_o prevent_v cavil_v for_o otherwise_o t._n g._n will_v have_v complain_v of_o my_o pervert_n the_o sense_n of_o author_n as_o he_o have_v do_v very_o unjust_o as_o will_v appear_v in_o this_o chapter_n but_o lorinus_n after_o have_v bring_v the_o several_a place_n of_o scripture_n against_o make_v any_o image_n of_o god_n think_v to_o salve_v all_o by_o say_v they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o image_n as_o represent_v he_o to_o the_o life_n as_o though_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o to_o do_v it_o or_o such_o which_o they_o worship_v for_o god_n which_o the_o heathen_n utter_o deny_v that_o they_o do_v cornelius_n à _fw-la lapide_fw-la loc_n after_o several_a vain_a attempt_n to_o make_v out_o the_o force_n of_o the_o apostle_n argument_n at_o last_o conclude_v this_o to_o be_v it_o that_o since_o our_o soul_n according_a to_o which_o we_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o god_n can_v be_v paint_v or_o represent_v in_o gold_n silver_z or_o stone_n be_v incorporeal_a and_o spiritual_a much_o less_o can_v the_o divinity_n be_v paint_v or_o represent_v by_o they_o be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o spirit_n estius_n agree_v loc_n that_o this_o be_v the_o force_n of_o the_o apostle_n argument_n from_o whence_o he_o say_v he_o do_v not_o infer_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v gold_n silver_z or_o stone_n to_o be_v god_n although_o he_o may_v have_v do_v it_o but_o to_o little_a purpose_n because_o say_v he_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o athenian_n among_o who_o be_v many_o 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anthropomorphitism_n but_o from_o hence_o to_o show_v far_o the_o folly_n of_o idolatry_n for_o if_o image_n fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o god_n there_o can_v be_v but_o this_o plea_n leave_v that_o they_o be_v like_a to_o he_o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v worship_n god_n by_o they_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o resemblance_n of_o he_o now_o this_o the_o apostle_n show_v to_o be_v as_o vain_a and_o idle_a a_o pretence_n as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o resemblance_n between_o the_o workmanship_n of_o gold_n silver_z and_o stone_n and_o a_o infinite_a and_o spiritual_a be_v 5._o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o repentance_n and_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o future_a judgement_n v_o 30_o 31._o if_o all_o the_o apostle_n have_v aim_v at_o be_v only_o to_o rectify_v a_o erroneous_a conceit_n of_o the_o athenian_n about_o the_o divinity_n be_v like_a to_o their_o image_n he_o have_v take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o his_o exhortation_n to_o repentance_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o judgement_n to_o come_v because_o such_o a_o erroneous_a conceit_n may_v possess_v man_n of_o innocent_a mind_n and_o free_a from_o idolatry_n as_o it_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o monk_n in_o egypt_n of_o who_o epiphanius_n 70._o and_o s._n austin_n speak_v 50._o and_o who_o epiphanius_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v very_o harmless_a man_n save_v only_o their_o separation_n from_o the_o church_n nay_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o apprehend_v any_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o their_o opinion_n which_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v at_o if_o that_o which_o nicephorus_n say_v be_v true_a 12._o viz._n that_o epiphanius_n be_v a_o anthropomorphite_n himself_o and_o yet_o epiphanius_n be_v well_o know_v to_o have_v be_v as_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o image-worship_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o idolatry_n as_o any_o person_n that_o live_v in_o his_o age._n the_o same_o be_v observable_a of_o tertullian_n and_o lactantius_n whereof_o the_o one_o attribute_v corporeity_n to_o god_n and_o the_o other_o shape_n and_o figure_n 7._o as_o our_o adversary_n confess_v and_o yet_o both_o these_o be_v vehement_a disputer_n against_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n from_o whence_o we_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o this_o opinion_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o idolatry_n or_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v altogether_o as_o good_a reason_n why_o god_n shall_v be_v worship_v by_o a_o image_n on_o that_o supposition_n as_o why_o christ_n shall_v be_v by_o a_o crucifix_n since_o his_o incarnation_n which_o be_v t._n g's_o great_a argument_n on_o all_o occasion_n but_o those_o who_o suppose_v god_n to_o be_v like_a to_o man_n may_v yet_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a to_o worship_n god_n by_o the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n and_o if_o arbitrary_a representation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o worship_n then_o natural_a will_v be_v much_o more_o so_o and_o consequent_o it_o will_v be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o man_n to_o worship_v one_o another_o than_o to_o worship_v image_n and_o all_o the_o same_o distinction_n and_o pleasant_a evasion_n will_v serve_v for_o one_o as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v for_o the_o other_o i_o desire_v now_o to_o know_v of_o t._n g._n whether_o the_o athenian_n be_v to_o blame_v only_o for_o this_o erroneous_a conceit_n of_o they_o 3._o in_o think_v the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_o their_o image_n if_o this_o be_v all_o their_o fault_n 1._o i_o dare_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o many_o among_o they_o be_v whole_o innocent_a viz._n those_o who_o follow_v the_o school_n of_o plato_n and_o zeno_n beside_o those_o of_o the_o people_n who_o take_v their_o image_n for_o symbol_n of_o the_o divinity_n 2._o s._n paul_n take_v very_o needless_a pain_n
that_o come_v from_o they_o 4._o the_o humane_a shape_n itself_o which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o very_a notable_a argument_n to_o make_v man_n think_v that_o image_n live_v because_o man_n do_v especial_o he_o say_v if_o it_o be_v say_v so_o by_o wise_a man_n but_o whatever_o the_o reason_n be_v he_o say_v he_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o heathen_n believe_v ipsa_fw-la idola_fw-la esse_fw-la deos_fw-la the_o very_a image_n themselves_o to_o be_v go_n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o contradictory_n to_o this_o assertion_n than_o those_o word_n of_o the_o heathen_n in_o arnobius_n be_v so_o that_o the_o per_fw-la se_fw-la which_o t._n g._n charge_v i_o with_o leave_v out_o add_v rather_o more_o weight_n and_o emphasis_n to_o the_o testimony_n 4._o after_o all_o this_o i_o say_v that_o arnobius_n do_v reject_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n on_o such_o ground_n as_o do_v hold_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n by_o a_o image_n for_o he_o bring_v that_o as_o the_o objection_n 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any_o temple_n because_o the_o heathen_n suppose_v there_o can_v be_v no_o proper_a temple_n without_o image_n therefore_o in_o s._n hierom_n vigilant_a sanctorum_fw-la basilicas_fw-la in_o templa_fw-la convertere_fw-la be_v all_o one_o as_o turn_v church_n into_o idol_n temple_n and_o both_o in_o origen_n and_o minucius_n the_o heathen_n join_v those_o accusation_n together_o that_o the_o christian_n have_v no_o altar_n nor_o image_n nor_o temple_n and_o vitruvius_n in_o the_o build_n of_o a_o temple_n 5._o take_v the_o great_a care_n of_o place_v the_o image_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v so_o that_o the_o image_n may_v look_v on_o those_o who_o come_v up_o to_o the_o altar_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o discourse_n in_o arnobius_n that_o they_o value_v no_o temple_n where_o there_o be_v no_o image_n thence_o come_v the_o suspicion_n that_o hadrian_n intend_v to_o worship_n christ_n because_o he_o command_v temple_n to_o be_v build_v in_o all_o city_n without_o any_o image_n as_o lampridius_n say_v in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n severus_n sever._n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o our_o purpose_n whether_o hadrian_n have_v any_o such_o intention_n or_o no_o for_o its_o be_v believe_v that_o he_o have_v from_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o temple_n be_v without_o image_n be_v a_o most_o undeniable_a evidence_n that_o the_o christian_n than_o do_v not_o worship_n god_n or_o christ_n by_o any_o image_n in_o their_o church_n after_o this_o arnobius_n argue_v against_o the_o use_n of_o image_n for_o this_o reason_n 195._o if_o you_o believe_v your_o god_n to_o be_v in_o heaven_n to_o what_o purpose_n do_v you_o make_v image_n of_o they_o to_o worship_n can_v you_o as_o well_o pray_v to_o the_o god_n themselves_o but_o it_o may_v be_v you_o will_v say_v because_o you_o can_v see_v the_o god_n themselves_o you_o represent_v they_o as_o present_v by_o those_o image_n but_o say_v he_o he_o that_o think_v he_o must_v have_v god_n to_o be_v see_v do_v not_o believe_v any_o at_o all_o however_o say_v they_o we_o worship_v they_o through_o these_o image_n and_o what_o say_v he_o can_v be_v more_o injurious_a or_o reproachful_a than_o to_o know_v god_n to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o pray_v to_o another_o to_o expect_v help_n from_o the_o deity_n and_o yet_o to_o fall_v down_o before_o a_o senseless_a image_n which_o be_v like_o a_o man_n that_o shall_v pretend_v to_o take_v advice_n from_o man_n and_o to_o ask_v it_o of_o ass_n and_o swine_n be_v not_o that_o say_v he_o 200._o not_o mere_a mistake_n but_o madness_n supplicare_fw-la tremebundum_fw-la factitatae_fw-la abs_fw-la te_fw-la rei_fw-la to_o fall_v down_o tremble_v before_o a_o thing_n make_v by_o yourselves_o beside_o this_o he_o argue_v from_o the_o matter_n form_n and_o design_n of_o they_o how_o ridiculous_a it_o be_v to_o worship_v image_n and_o after_o expose_v the_o other_o pretence_n of_o the_o heathen_a idolater_n in_o the_o last_o place_n he_o consider_v this_o that_o the_o 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own_o and_o never_o provide_v in_o the_o least_o for_o any_o defence_n of_o it_o so_o that_o after_o all_o the_o loud_a clamour_n and_o insolent_a charge_n of_o t._n g._n we_o find_v that_o arnobius_n himself_o do_v full_o prove_v that_o the_o divinity_n can_v be_v worship_v by_o image_n and_o that_o what_o the_o heathen_n plead_v for_o themselves_o in_o he_o do_v show_v that_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o divinity_n in_o image_n but_o what_o only_o come_v from_o their_o consecration_n to_o such_o a_o use._n the_o next_o testimony_n he_o charge_v i_o with_o foul-dealing_a in_o be_v that_o of_o s._n austin_n 17._o wherein_o i_o say_v the_o wise_a heathen_n deny_v 113._o that_o they_o worship_v the_o image_n themselves_o but_o they_o add_v that_o through_o they_o they_o worship_v the_o deity_n after_o this_o t._n g._n set_v down_o those_o word_n of_o s._n austin_n videntur_fw-la sibi_fw-la purgatiores_fw-la esse_fw-la religionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o because_o in_o the_o follow_a expression_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o corporeal_a creature_n or_o the_o spirit_n that_o rule_v over_o they_o as_o worship_v by_o their_o image_n therefore_o he_o charge_v i_o with_o great_a disingenuity_n in_o say_v that_o the_o heathen_n in_o s._n austin_n affirm_v that_o through_o their_o image_n they_o do_v worship_v the_o deity_n and_o yet_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o these_o be_v the_o very_a word_n i_o translate_v in_o s._n austin_n non_fw-la hoc_fw-la visibile_fw-la colo_fw-la sed_fw-la numen_fw-la quod_fw-la illic_fw-la invisibiliter_fw-la habitat_fw-la and_o i_o now_o appeal_v to_o man_n of_o any_o common_a ingenuity_n what_o usage_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o from_o this_o adversary_n who_o pass_v by_o the_o very_a word_n i_o translate_v as_o near_o to_o the_o signification_n as_o possible_a and_o produce_v other_o passage_n and_o than_o hector_n and_o triumph_n and_o cry_v out_o of_o my_o disingenuity_n when_o
this_o conclusion_n of_o his_o be_v condemn_v as_o scandalous_a and_o against_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n yet_o he_o conclude_v his_o apology_n with_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v universal_o condemn_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n his_o proposition_n have_v be_v heretical_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o person_n who_o do_v agree_v in_o the_o practice_n yet_o because_o they_o say_v the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v only_o improper_o and_o abusive_o be_v not_o think_v to_o believe_v or_o do_v what_o the_o church_n require_v therefore_o suarez_n say_v â—â—_z 1._o that_o it_o be_v defy_v or_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n imagine_v esse_fw-la adorandas_fw-la that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v and_o that_o to_o be_v own_a not_o in_o any_o limit_a and_o improper_a sense_n but_o absolute_o and_o simple_o which_o article_n he_o say_v be_v found_v in_o the_o tradition_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o church_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o by_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n 2._o that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v not_o abusive_o and_o improper_o but_o verè_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la true_o and_o proper_o and_o that_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o durandus_fw-la be_v dangerous_a rash_a and_o savour_v of_o heresy_n so_o he_o say_v medina_n determine_v it_o 3._o who_o report_v that_o victoria_n say_v it_o be_v heretical_a and_o this_o conclusion_n he_o say_v be_v common_o receive_v among_o the_o modern_a divine_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o council_n especial_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a which_o have_v define_v it_o under_o a_o anathema_n but_o he_o add_v if_o image_n be_v only_o to_o be_v worship_v abusive_o and_o improper_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o be_v rather_o simple_o to_o be_v deny_v than_o affirm_v for_o a_o improper_a and_o abusive_a worship_n be_v no_o worship_n at_o all_o and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o heretic_n who_o allow_v the_o use_n of_o image_n for_o memory_n and_o only_o deny_v their_o worship_n to_o which_o he_o subjoin_v this_o reason_n either_o the_o image_n true_o and_o in_o itself_o be_v at_o least_o the_o material_a object_n of_o worship_n total_a or_o partial_a or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n be_v grant_v if_o not_o then_o in_o plain_a term_n the_o image_n be_v not_o worship_v for_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o formal_a nor_o the_o material_a object_n of_o worship_n but_o only_o the_o occasion_n or_o sign_n exciting_a man_n to_o worship_v the_o thing_n represent_v and_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n the_o heretic_n will_v speak_v more_o proper_o than_o the_o catholic_n for_o he_o that_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o beautiful_a creature_n be_v excite_v to_o praise_n or_o love_v the_o creator_n can_v be_v say_v to_o praise_v or_o love_v the_o creature_n although_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o creature_n do_v raise_v that_o devotion_n therefore_o say_v he_o the_o nicene_n council_n do_v condemn_v this_o opinion_n when_o it_o condemn_v those_o who_o say_v that_o image_n do_v only_o serve_v for_o memory_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v all_o the_o use_n that_o opinion_n allow_v they_o and_o when_o the_o nicene_n council_n declare_v the_o worship_n give_v to_o image_n not_o to_o be_v latria_n for_o if_o no_o more_o worship_n be_v allow_v but_o only_o worship_v the_o object_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o image_n than_o the_o most_o perfect_a latria_n may_v be_v give_v to_o christ_n before_o the_o image_n and_o consequent_o the_o worship_n in_o that_o abusive_a and_o improper_a sense_n may_v be_v latria_n which_o the_o council_n deny_v and_o far_o the_o same_o council_n say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o exemplar_n may_v be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n but_o that_o the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o exemplar_n by_o which_o it_o determine_v the_o image_n to_o be_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n although_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n represent_v 3._o suarez_n say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v towards_o image_n but_o the_o very_a intention_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v direct_v towards_o they_o for_o even_o durandus_fw-la himself_o do_v allow_v the_o external_a act_n to_o be_v do_v towards_o they_o and_o because_o the_o inward_a intention_n he_o say_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o exemplar_n therefore_o he_o say_v the_o image_n be_v only_o say_v abusive_o to_o be_v worship_v for_o which_o assertion_n suarez_n give_v these_o reason_n 1._o the_o external_a act_n without_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v no_o proper_a worship_n but_o only_o counterfeit_v and_o leontius_n quote_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a say_v in_o all_o worship_n the_o inward_a intention_n be_v require_v 2._o from_o many_o passage_n in_o that_o council_n imply_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o worship_n ought_v to_o be_v about_o the_o image_n because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o deserve_v worship_n and_o from_o the_o say_n of_o epiphanius_n basilius_n adrianus_n tarasius_n there_o extant_a and_o elias_n cretensis_n who_o say_v he_o do_v perfect_o worship_v they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o the_o inward_a intention_n and_o from_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n which_o call_v it_o due_a honour_n and_o worship_n but_o it_o can_v be_v any_o true_a honour_n without_o the_o inward_a intention_n 3._o to_o perform_v the_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n before_o a_o image_n be_v either_o to_o worship_v it_o or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v than_o the_o inward_a intention_n be_v grant_v but_o since_o there_o may_v be_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o intention_n of_o worship_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o perform_v the_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n in_o order_n to_o worship_v it_o be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o perform_v the_o material_a act_n but_o to_o do_v they_o with_o the_o intention_n of_o give_v worship_n by_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o inward_a intention_n but_o the_o outward_a act_n be_v towards_o the_o image_n and_o the_o inward_a intention_n to_o the_o exemplar_n for_o say_v suarez_n as_o true_a worship_n do_v essential_o require_v the_o intention_n of_o worship_n so_o the_o worship_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a thing_n do_v require_v a_o proportionable_a intention_n towards_o that_o thing_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o another_o thing_n distinct_a from_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o way_n participate_v by_o it_o but_o the_o image_n be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o exemplar_n therefore_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o exemplar_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n unless_o the_o image_n do_v partake_v of_o the_o worship_n and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v a_o intention_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o the_o image_n this_o say_v he_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n if_o a_o man_n kiss_v the_o ground_n out_o of_o a_o mere_a intention_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o god_n thereby_o he_o can_v true_o and_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o worship_v the_o ground_n about_o which_o the_o material_a action_n be_v conversant_a but_o only_o god_n to_o who_o he_o direct_v his_o worship_n and_o all_o this_o he_o confirm_v by_o more_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o he_o say_v be_v not_o so_o regardless_o about_o the_o manner_n and_o name_n of_o worship_n as_o vasquez_n imagine_v but_o take_v great_a care_n to_o express_v itself_o so_o that_o true_a and_o proper_a worship_n be_v give_v to_o image_n which_o it_o define_v under_o a_o anathema_n and_o although_o it_o use_v other_o word_n of_o salutation_n honour_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o make_v these_o equivalent_a to_o that_o real_a worship_n which_o it_o do_v express_o require_v ambros_n catharinus_n say_v 133._o that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o say_v image_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o to_o be_v worship_v but_o god_n to_o be_v worship_v before_o a_o image_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o those_o who_o deny_v any_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n because_o we_o direct_v our_o gesture_n our_o word_n and_o sign_n of_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n to_o which_o likewise_o we_o burn_v incense_v and_o we_o worship_v the_o cross_n say_v o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o he_o prove_v at_o large_a by_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a that_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n be_v require_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o conclude_v that_o image_n be_v not_o mere_o for_o instruction_n 139._o or_o memory_n or_o exciting_a devotion_n but_o that_o they_o be_v set_v up_o proper_o for_o worship_n therefore_o if_o any_o man_n ask_v another_o súntne_n adorandae_fw-la imagine_v intrepidè_fw-la respondeat_fw-la adorandae_fw-la
for_o say_v he_o if_o all_o the_o dispute_n have_v be_v only_o about_o a_o condition_n exciting_a man_n to_o adoration_n it_o can_v not_o have_v come_v into_o man_n head_n to_o have_v say_v that_o because_o image_n be_v dead_a and_o inanimate_a thing_n they_o can_v not_o be_v a_o mere_a physical_a condition_n of_o adoration_n which_o be_v all_o that_o durandus_fw-la allow_v they_o be_v any_o man_n so_o senseless_a to_o say_v that_o because_o word_n be_v inanimate_a thing_n therefore_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v excite_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n at_o the_o hear_n of_o they_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o representation_n make_v by_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o the_o ear_n but_o when_o they_o deny_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o they_o speak_v of_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n which_o be_v immediate_o carry_v to_o the_o image_n themselves_o and_o for_o this_o they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o argument_n which_o have_v a_o appearance_n of_o truth_n viz._n that_o image_n be_v dead_a thing_n have_v no_o excellency_n to_o deserve_v any_o real_a worship_n from_o we_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o father_n condemn_v these_o heretic_n they_o do_v not_o determine_v that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o condition_n of_o worship_n but_o that_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o cardinal_n lugo_n say_v 37._o that_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n it_o be_v not_o only_o necessary_a that_o the_o external_a act_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o image_n of_o kiss_v or_o bow_v etc._n etc._n but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o inward_a affection_n too_o which_o imply_v submission_n for_o say_v he_o worship_n as_o all_o agree_v be_v a_o expression_n of_o submission_n to_o the_o thing_n worship_v and_o it_o will_v be_v ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o peter_n be_v worship_v by_o that_o token_n of_o submission_n which_o i_o show_v to_o paul_n therefore_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n the_o outward_a act_n must_v express_v the_o inward_a submission_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o it_o or_o else_o we_o must_v deny_v the_o common_a definition_n of_o adoration_n and_o make_v a_o new_a one_o and_o this_o he_o afterward_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a who_o do_v decree_v that_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n as_o they_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o exemplar_n according_a to_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v require_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o worship_n thus_o i_o have_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n and_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o eminent_a divine_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n such_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n as_o be_v terminate_v upon_o the_o image_n themselves_o 11._o 2._o we_o be_v now_o to_o equire_v what_o kind_n of_o worship_n that_o be_v which_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v give_v to_o image_n which_o will_v appear_v by_o show_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o that_o the_o worship_n require_v be_v high_a than_o mere_a reverence_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v low_a than_o latria_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v high_a than_o mere_a reverence_n t._n g._n will_v insinuate_v etc._n that_o all_o the_o worship_n require_v by_o the_o nicene_n council_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o reverence_n show_v to_o the_o book_n of_o the_o holy_a gospel_n or_o the_o sacred_a utensil_n of_o the_o altar_n for_o which_o he_o quote_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n wherein_o those_o thing_n be_v join_v together_o and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o hadrian_o epistle_n extant_a in_o the_o council_n in_o the_o latin_a translation_n for_o the_o greek_a have_v another_o sense_n and_o in_o damascens_n oration_n 749._o but_o to_o clear_v yet_o far_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n i_o shall_v show_v 1._o the_o difference_n between_o the_o reverence_n of_o these_o thing_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 2._o that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v put_v a_o difference_n between_o they_o 1._o for_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o reverence_n of_o these_o thing_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n although_o no_o irrational_a or_o inanimate_a be_v be_v capable_a of_o that_o real_a excellency_n to_o deserve_v any_o honour_n from_o we_o for_o its_o own_o sake_n as_o aquinas_n determine_v 3_o yet_o such_o thing_n may_v have_v a_o relation_n to_o matter_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o deserve_v a_o different_a usage_n and_o regard_n from_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o church_n or_o the_o chalice_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o common_a drink_n which_o peculiarity_n of_o the_o use_n of_o such_o thing_n be_v that_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o be_v dedicate_v to_o sacred_a purpose_n so_o s._n augustin_n say_v 2._o of_o the_o sacred_a vessel_n that_o they_o be_v consecrate_v and_o do_v become_v holy_a by_o their_o use_n be_v separate_v from_o common_a service_n and_o devote_a to_o the_o ministry_n of_o holy_a thing_n but_o he_o do_v plain_o distinguish_v the_o respect_n show_v to_o they_o from_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n for_o a_o little_a before_o he_o speak_v of_o such_o who_o do_v worship_n or_o pray_v look_v upon_o a_o image_n and_o that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o do_v behave_v themselves_o as_o if_o they_o expect_v to_o be_v hear_v by_o the_o image_n but_o do_v we_o pray_v to_o the_o sacred_a utensil_n because_o we_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o our_o prayer_n to_o god_n little_o do_v s._n austin_n think_v that_o pray_v look_v upon_o image_n and_o the_o reverence_n show_v to_o sacred_a vessel_n on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o use_n shall_v have_v be_v rank_v together_o he_o that_o pray_v look_v upon_o a_o image_n do_v either_o direct_v his_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n or_o to_o the_o person_n represent_v by_o the_o image_n as_o if_o he_o be_v actual_o present_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n but_o no_o man_n can_v pretend_v this_o as_o to_o the_o reverence_n of_o holy_a thing_n because_o all_o their_o holiness_n consist_v in_o a_o bare_a extrinsical_a denomination_n which_o afford_v no_o reason_n for_o any_o more_o than_o such_o a_o esteem_n as_o belong_v to_o sacred_a thing_n and_o not_o for_o any_o act_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o they_o who_o make_v the_o image_n themselves_o to_o be_v the_o material_a object_n or_o term_v of_o adoration_n do_v yet_o say_v that_o the_o formal_a reason_n of_o that_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o object_n represent_v other_o say_v that_o the_o thing_n represent_v and_o the_o image_n be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o act_n of_o adoration_n but_o both_o sort_n do_v make_v the_o representation_n in_o a_o image_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o it_o why_o then_o shall_v those_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o represent_v be_v worship_v as_o those_o that_o do_v be_v not_o image_n appoint_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n and_o in_o high_a way_n on_o purpose_n for_o worship_n be_v they_o not_o form_v and_o set_v forth_o with_o all_o advantage_n to_o allure_v man_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o and_o after_o all_o this_o be_v no_o more_o mean_v by_o their_o worship_n than_o by_o the_o reverence_n of_o holy_a thing_n which_o be_v design_v for_o a_o peculiar_a use_n and_o serve_v for_o other_o end_n than_o to_o be_v worship_v by_o we_o if_o image_n be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n only_o for_o memory_n and_o instruction_n and_o be_v as_o much_o appoint_v by_o god_n to_o inform_v we_o of_o his_o will_n as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v there_o be_v some_o colour_n of_o show_v a_o like_a regard_n to_o they_o as_o to_o the_o holy_a bible_n but_o it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o they_o be_v never_o appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v uncapable_a of_o do_v it_o and_o be_v set_v up_o for_o adoration_n and_o yet_o can_v the_o same_o man_n who_o command_v their_o worship_n have_v any_o pretence_n for_o make_v the_o reverence_n to_o the_o bible_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n to_o be_v alike_o beside_o all_o this_o be_v there_o no_o difference_n between_o a_o religious_a respect_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o to_o sacred_a place_n and_o thing_n and_o all_o the_o most_o solemn_a act_n of_o adoration_n which_o be_v ever_o give_v to_o image_n by_o the_o great_a idolater_n such_o as_o kneel_n before_o they_o prostration_n pray_v with_o their_o eye_n fix_v upon_o they_o as_o though_o they_o be_v speak_v to_o they_o
burn_v incense_n and_o light_n before_o they_o which_o be_v as_o great_a testimony_n of_o worship_n as_o be_v ever_o use_v by_o the_o gross_a and_o most_o sottish_a idolater_n i_o may_v rather_o say_v there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o they_o and_o their_o image_n that_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n between_o such_o worship_n and_o the_o reverence_n of_o holy_a thing_n 2._o that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v put_v a_o difference_n between_o these_o thing_n for_o however_o to_o blind_v the_o business_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v they_o put_v they_o together_o in_o the_o definition_n yet_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o ground_n on_o which_o it_o establish_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v such_o as_o refer_v to_o the_o thing_n represent_v by_o they_o and_o not_o any_o sacred_a use_n of_o they_o and_o those_o express_v in_o the_o very_a same_o definition_n 555._o for_o say_v they_o they_o honour_v of_o the_o image_n pass_v to_o the_o prototype_n and_o he_o that_o worship_v the_o image_n do_v in_o that_o worship_n the_o thing_n represent_v by_o which_o they_o lie_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n upon_o a_o thing_n peculiar_a to_o they_o and_o that_o do_v not_o hold_v for_o the_o other_o thing_n and_o this_o reason_n here_o assign_v run_v through_o all_o the_o several_a discourse_n in_o that_o synod_n of_o hadrian_n theodorus_n tarasius_n germanus_n leontius_n and_o epiphanius_n and_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n be_v assign_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n it_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o s._n augustin_n 10._o that_o the_o most_o sacred_a thing_n be_v only_o capable_a of_o honour_n honorem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la religiosa_fw-la possunt_fw-la habere_fw-la where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o element_n of_o the_o eucharist_n but_o tarasius_n in_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a pronounce_v they_o all_o guilty_a of_o hypocrisy_n who_o will_v only_o give_v honour_n and_o not_o worship_n to_o image_n 247._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o council_n determine_v more_o than_o mere_a reverence_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n 2._o that_o this_o worship_n which_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a determine_v be_v low_a than_o latria_n for_o so_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n that_o they_o only_o mean_v a_o honorary_a adoration_n and_o not_o true_a latria_n which_o be_v only_o due_a to_o god_n tarasius_n upon_o read_v pope_n hadrian_o epistle_n declare_v his_o consent_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n assert_v in_o it_o 127._o reserve_v latria_n and_o faith_n to_o god_n alone_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v constantinus_n bishop_n of_o constantia_n in_o cyprus_n upon_o read_v the_o epistle_n of_o theodorus_n 187._o who_o word_n i_o grant_v be_v mistake_v by_o the_o translator_n of_o the_o council_n into_o latin_a as_o appear_v by_o what_o he_o be_v charge_v with_o in_o the_o caroline_n book_n and_o his_o word_n in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n but_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o t._n g._n will_v have_v it_o 145._o that_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n do_v mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o nicene_n synod_n for_o the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n particular_o observe_v that_o in_o those_o word_n as_o translate_v he_o do_v contradict_v the_o say_n of_o the_o rest_n 17._o but_o that_o unaware_o he_o have_v betray_v that_o which_o the_o rest_n endeavour_v to_o conceal_v viz._n that_o they_o give_v the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n to_o image_n for_o however_o they_o deny_v it_o in_o word_n they_o do_v it_o in_o their_o action_n so_o epiphanius_n the_o deacon_n say_v 539._o that_o they_o often_o declare_v that_o they_o do_v not_o give_v latria_n to_o image_n thus_o we_o see_v what_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v as_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 12._o 2._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o addition_n which_o have_v be_v make_v to_o this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n when_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o good_a catholic_n doctrine_n that_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o christ._n so_o thomas_n aquinas_n determine_v in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o simon_n majolus_n and_o he_o go_v upon_o these_o ground_n 14._o 1._o because_o no_o irrational_a creature_n be_v capable_a of_o worship_n but_o with_o a_o respect_n to_o a_o rational_a be_v 2._o because_o image_n be_v worship_v on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o representation_n therefore_o say_v he_o they_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o worship_n with_o the_o thing_n represent_v 3._o because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n towards_o a_o image_n 2._o as_o a_o image_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o motion_n towards_o the_o thing_n represent_v 4._o because_o the_o church_n in_o pray_v to_o the_o cross_n speak_v to_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v christ_n himself_o o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la but_o how_o can_v this_o doctrine_n be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a 3._o which_o determine_v express_o contrary_a estius_n say_v that_o s._n thomas_n never_o see_v this_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n the_o same_o be_v say_v by_o catharinus_n and_o silvius_n for_o say_v catharinus_n 5._o if_o he_o have_v see_v it_o he_o will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o have_v reconcile_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n which_o show_v that_o he_o think_v it_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o from_o whence_o i_o argue_v that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v not_o then_o receive_v in_o the_o western_a church_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v be_v it_o conceivable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n as_o aquinas_n shall_v either_o not_o have_v see_v it_o or_o if_o he_o have_v see_v it_o shall_v have_v contradict_v the_o definition_n of_o it_o but_o aquinas_n be_v not_o the_o first_o who_o assert_v this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o alex._n hales_n who_o be_v his_o master_n say_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n although_o he_o do_v not_o so_o open_o apply_v the_o term_n of_o latria_n to_o it_o 1â—_n yet_o put_v this_o question_n whether_o great_a worship_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o cross_n than_o to_o any_o man_n he_o determine_v it_o affirmative_o and_o distinguish_v between_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o image_n and_o a_o image_n have_v all_o its_o excellency_n from_o the_o object_n represent_v all_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o prototype_n now_o say_v he_o man_n have_v a_o proper_a excellency_n can_v deserve_v no_o more_o than_o dulia_n and_o therefore_o the_o cross_n as_o it_o represent_v christ_n must_v have_v the_o worship_n of_o latria_n and_o it_o be_v considerable_a that_o alex._n hales_n as_o pitts_n say_v 1245._o write_v his_o sum_n by_o the_o command_n of_o pope_n innocent_a 4._o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alex_n 4._o it_o be_v examine_v by_o seventy_o divine_n and_o approve_v and_o recommend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o all_o university_n card._n bonaventure_n determine_v it_o roundly_o 2._o that_o as_o christ_n himself_o from_o his_o union_n to_o the_o divinity_n be_v worship_v with_o latria_n so_o be_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n as_o it_o represent_v he_o and_o conclude_v thus_o proptereà _fw-la imagini_fw-la christi_fw-la debet_fw-la cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la rich._n de_fw-fr media_fw-la villa_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o century_n 2._o assert_v the_o same_o doctrine_n and_o when_o durandus_fw-la oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o thomas_n on_o this_o ground_n because_o the_o image_n and_o prototype_n be_v two_o distinct_a thing_n and_o therefore_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o exemplar_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o image_n however_o consider_v as_o a_o image_n and_o so_o the_o worship_n be_v to_o the_o exemplar_n can_v not_o be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n yet_o he_o confess_v the_o other_o be_v the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n 3_o which_o be_v defend_v against_o durandus_fw-la by_o paludanus_n and_o capreolus_n marsilius_n ab_fw-la ingen_n speak_v his_o mind_n free_o in_o this_o matter_n say_v that_o the_o cross_n as_o a_o sign_n represent_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n and_o as_o a_o medium_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v adore_v with_o latria_n and_o for_o this_o he_o appeal_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la auge_n piis_fw-la justitiam_fw-la reisque_fw-la dona_fw-la veniam_fw-la which_o three_o thing_n he_o say_v do_v proper_o belong_v to_o god_n and_o therefore_o say_v he_o it_o be_v proper_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n which_o the_o church_n do_v give_v to_o the_o cross_n as_o a_o sign_n jacobus_n almain_n declare_v 5._o that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o worship_n that_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v because_o
a_o book_n no_o one_o suspect_v that_o his_o praise_n be_v therefore_o direct_v to_o his_o book_n thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n the_o object_n be_v that_o be_v to_o which_o the_o worship_n be_v direct_v but_o because_o external_a act_n must_v have_v some_o local_a circumstance_n by_o the_o position_n of_o our_o countenance_n and_o the_o tendency_n of_o our_o posture_n either_o towards_o heaven_n or_o towards_o some_o place_n as_o the_o more_o immediate_a symbol_n of_o a_o divine_a presence_n the_o difference_n be_v apparent_a between_o such_o a_o direction_n of_o the_o act_n towards_o a_o place_n and_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o towards_o a_o object_n in_o case_n it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o may_v be_v a_o place_n of_o worship_n which_o be_v not_o a_o object_n of_o it_o for_o which_o we_o must_v consider_v 1._o that_o the_o object_n of_o worship_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o worship_n be_v give_v either_o for_o its_o own_o sake_n or_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o that_o which_o it_o represent_v but_o a_o local_a circumstance_n do_v only_o circumscribe_v the_o material_a act_n of_o worship_n within_o certain_a bound_n and_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o worship_n be_v a_o person_n either_o real_o present_a or_o represent_v as_o present_v the_o idolater_n who_o worship_v their_o image_n as_o god_n if_o at_o least_o any_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o ever_o do_v so_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o suppose_v some_o spirit_n to_o be_v incorporate_v in_o the_o image_n and_o so_o to_o make_v together_o with_o it_o a_o person_n fit_a to_o receive_v worship_n those_o who_o worship_v the_o element_n or_o heavenly_a body_n do_v it_o not_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o matter_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v but_o of_o those_o spirit_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o rule_v over_o those_o thing_n they_o worship_v as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o general_a discourse_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o order_n to_o a_o object_n of_o worship_n that_o the_o person_n be_v real_o present_a for_o if_o man_n by_o imagination_n do_v suppose_v he_o present_a as_o represent_v by_o a_o image_n that_o make_v those_o who_o worship_n that_o image_n perform_v the_o very_a same_o act_n as_o if_o he_o be_v actual_o present_a and_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n they_o do_v make_v this_o representation_n by_o a_o image_n a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o make_v that_o a_o object_n of_o worship_n which_o we_o say_v be_v the_o very_a thing_n forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n viz._n that_o any_o image_n shall_v be_v worship_v on_o the_o account_n of_o what_o it_o represent_v and_o therefore_o it_o forbid_v all_o kind_n of_o representation_n to_o be_v worship_v by_o man_n because_o a_o image_n seem_v to_o have_v such_o a_o relation_n to_o the_o thing_n it_o represent_v that_o they_o may_v pretend_v they_o give_v worship_n to_o it_o on_o another_o account_n than_o mere_o its_o matter_n and_o form_n viz._n the_o thing_n represent_v by_o it_o thus_o when_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o exemplar_n as_o it_o be_v both_o in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o trent_n they_o thereby_o show_v that_o they_o do_v make_v the_o image_n a_o true_a object_n of_o worship_n although_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o person_n represent_v but_o suppose_v man_n worship_n god_n towards_o the_o west_n as_o the_o jew_n do_v or_o towards_o the_o east_n as_o the_o christian_n do_v what_o be_v there_o in_o this_o that_o do_v represent_v god_n to_o we_o what_o be_v there_o that_o we_o fix_v our_o worship_n upon_o but_o only_o himself_o god_n have_v no_o where_o forbid_v man_n to_o worship_v he_o towards_o the_o place_n of_o his_o presence_n for_o even_o our_o saviour_n have_v bid_v we_o pray_v our_o father_n which_o be_v in_o heaven_n and_o suppose_v god_n have_v promise_v a_o more_o peculiar_a presence_n in_o his_o holy_a temple_n it_o be_v as_o lawful_a to_o worship_n god_n towards_o that_o as_o towards_o heaven_n but_o that_o which_o god_n have_v strict_o forbid_v be_v the_o worship_v of_o any_o thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o representation_n either_o of_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o creature_n for_o this_o do_v suppose_v that_o image_n to_o be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n although_o it_o be_v on_o the_o account_n of_o what_o it_o represent_v 2._o suppose_v the_o same_o external_a act_n to_o be_v perform_v towards_o a_o image_n and_o towards_o a_o place_n of_o god_n particular_a presence_n yet_o the_o case_n be_v not_o alike_o in_o both_o these_o if_o those_o who_o do_v they_o declare_v they_o do_v they_o not_o with_o a_o design_n to_o worship_v that_o place_n for_o to_o the_o make_v any_o thing_n a_o object_n of_o worship_n there_o must_v be_v some_o ground_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o intend_v to_o worship_v it_o either_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o action_n or_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n they_o live_v in_o but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v express_o declare_v that_o what_o they_o do_v be_v only_o intend_v as_o a_o local_a circumstance_n there_o be_v no_o ground_n to_o charge_v they_o with_o make_v it_o a_o object_n of_o worship_n thus_o those_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o declare_v that_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o image_n but_o only_a worship_n god_n before_o a_o image_n although_o they_o perform_v the_o same_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n yet_o be_v condemed_a of_o heresy_n because_o hereby_o they_o declare_v they_o do_v not_o give_v worship_n to_o image_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o council_n much_o more_o certain_o will_v those_o be_v condemn_v by_o they_o who_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a to_o worship_v any_o thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o representation_n and_o that_o they_o do_v only_o determine_v the_o act_n of_o outward_a worship_n towards_o a_o particular_a place_n without_o any_o intention_n to_o worship_v that_o place_n but_o only_o to_o worship_n god_n that_o way_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o jew_n as_o to_o the_o worship_v of_o image_n and_o of_o god_n towards_o the_o holy_a of_o holies_n they_o declare_v it_o utter_o unlawful_a to_o do_v one_o because_o god_n have_v strict_o forbid_v it_o and_o they_o though_o it_o as_o lawful_a to_o do_v the_o other_o because_o he_o allow_v the_o practice_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v among_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o they_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o worship_v either_o the_o ark_n or_o the_o cherubim_n 3._o where_o there_o be_v only_o a_o local_a circumstance_n of_o worship_n the_o same_o thing_n will_v be_v worship_v suppose_v that_o circumstance_n change_v but_o where_o any_o thing_n be_v a_o object_n of_o worship_n that_o be_v change_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v not_o worship_v this_o make_v the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o easy_a and_o intelligible_a by_o all_o if_o a_o jew_n shall_v worship_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o christian_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o same_o object_n of_o their_o worship_n continue_v still_o for_o they_o worship_v the_o same_o god_n both_o way_n but_o if_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n or_o the_o b._n virgin_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o altar_n a_o papist_n can_v be_v say_v to_o worship_v the_o same_o thing_n there_o that_o he_o do_v before_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o real_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n to_o clear_v the_o jewish_a worship_n of_o god_n towards_o his_o holy_a place_n and_o to_o show_v how_o different_a it_o be_v from_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 8._o 2._o but_o t._n g._n pretend_v to_o bring_v clear_a scripture_n for_o the_o jew_n worship_v the_o ark_n adore_v you_o the_o footstool_n of_o god_n for_o it_o be_v holy_a psal._n 98.5_o so_o all_o the_o ancient_a father_n 206._o he_o say_v read_v it_o without_o scruple_n and_o s._n hierome_n he_o say_v confirm_v it_o and_o why_o be_v it_o place_v in_o the_o holy_a of_o holies_n and_o why_o be_v the_o people_n command_v to_o adore_v or_o bow_v down_o before_o it_o but_o to_o testify_v their_o reverence_n to_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o one_o may_v venture_v odds_o against_o t._n g._n that_o when_o he_o quote_v all_o the_o father_n for_o he_o he_o have_v very_o few_o of_o his_o side_n nothing_o less_o will_v content_v he_o here_o than_o all_o the_o father_n read_v it_o without_o scruple_n for_o it_o be_v holy_a when_o lorinus_n say_v 99.5_o that_o all_o the_o greek_a father_n not_o one_o dissent_v that_o he_o have_v see_v read_v it_o for_o he_o be_v holy_a and_o among_o the_o latin_n he_o confess_v that_o s._n hierome_n and_o s._n augustine_n both_o read_v it_o so_o for_o
godhead_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v so_o as_o to_o leave_v they_o without_o excuse_n 20._o be_v this_o their_o know_v of_o god_n 21._o and_o that_o incorruptible_a god_n who_o glory_n they_o turn_v into_o the_o image_n of_o a_o corruptible_a man_n &_o c_o be_v all_o this_o 23._o nothing_o but_o jupiter_n of_o crete_n and_o the_o arch-devil_n under_o his_o name_n but_o what_o will_v not_o man_n say_v rather_o than_o confess_v themselves_o idolater_n although_o these_o testimony_n of_o scriture_n be_v never_o so_o evident_a 3._o yet_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a but_o t._n g._n may_v be_v the_o polus_n mention_v in_o erasmus_n now_o who_o he_o mention_n for_o my_o sake_n 37.203_o more_o than_o once_o and_o may_v espy_v a_o red_a fiery_a dragon_n even_o the_o old_a serpent_n there_o where_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o but_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o true_a god_n therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o testimony_n of_o heathen_n or_o the_o scripture_n may_v not_o weigh_v much_o with_o he_o methinks_v he_o may_v have_v consider_v what_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o their_o own_o church_n have_v say_v to_o this_o purpose_n th._n aquinas_n confess_v fin_n that_o the_o most_o of_o the_o gentile_n do_v acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a god_n from_o who_o they_o say_v all_o those_o other_o who_o they_o call_v god_n do_v receive_v their_o be_v and_o that_o they_o ascribe_v the_o name_n of_o divinity_n to_o all_o immortal_a substance_n chief_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o wisdom_n happiness_n and_o government_n which_o custom_n of_o speak_v say_v he_o be_v likewise_o find_v in_o scripture_n where_o either_o the_o holy_a angel_n or_o man_n and_o judge_n be_v call_v god_n i_o have_v say_v you_o be_v god_n and_o many_o other_o place_n franciscus_n ferrariensis_n in_o his_o commentary_n on_o that_o place_n say_v that_o aquinas_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o scripture_n only_o agree_v with_o the_o heathen_n as_o to_o the_o name_n but_o that_o they_o call_v their_o god_n proper_o so_o whereas_o the_o scripture_n speak_v of_o they_o only_o by_o way_n of_o participation_n and_o do_v aquinas_n mean_v any_o otherwise_o of_o the_o heathen_n when_o he_o say_v that_o all_o their_o inferior_a god_n derive_v their_o very_a be_v from_o the_o supreme_a the_o same_o aquinas_n in_o his_o book_n purposely_o write_v against_o the_o gentile_n 120._o give_v this_o account_n of_o their_o principle_n of_o religion_n that_o some_o of_o they_o hold_v one_o god_n the_o first_o and_o universal_a principle_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o withal_o all_o they_o give_v divine_a worship_n latriam_fw-la next_o to_o the_o supreme_a god_n to_o intellectual_a substance_n of_o a_o heavenly_a nature_n which_o they_o call_v god_n whether_o they_o be_v substance_n separate_v from_o body_n or_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o heavenly_a orb_n and_o star_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o intellectual_a substance_n unite_v to_o aerial_a body_n which_o they_o call_v daemon_n who_o they_o make_v god_n in_o respect_n of_o man_n and_o think_v they_o deserve_v divine_a worship_n from_o man_n as_o be_v mediator_n between_o the_o god_n and_o they_o and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o good_a man_n as_o be_v raise_v to_o a_o high_a state_n than_o that_o of_o this_o present_a life_n other_o of_o they_o supposs_v god_n to_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n do_v believe_v that_o divine_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o not_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o body_n but_o the_o soul_n which_o they_o say_v be_v god_n as_o a_o wise_a man_n have_v honour_n give_v he_o not_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o body_n but_o of_o his_o mind_n other_o again_o assert_v that_o thing_n below_o man_n as_o image_n may_v have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o they_o in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v participate_v of_o a_o superior_a nature_n either_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o spirit_n which_o image_n they_o call_v god_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v call_v idolater_n and_o so_o he_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v who_o acknowledge_v one_o first_o principle_n do_v give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o other_o be_v because_o it_o weaken_v the_o notion_n and_o esteem_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o supreme_a be_v to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o other_o beside_o he_o as_o it_o will_v lessen_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o king_n for_o any_o other_o person_n to_o have_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o respect_n show_v to_o he_o which_o we_o express_v to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o this_o divine_a worship_n be_v due_a to_o god_n on_o the_o account_n of_o creation_n which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o he_o and_o because_o he_o be_v proper_o lord_n over_o we_o and_o none_o else_o beside_o he_o and_o he_o be_v our_o great_a and_o last_o end_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o great_a and_o weighty_a reason_n why_o divine_a worship_n shall_v be_v appropriate_v to_o god_n alone_o but_o say_v he_o although_o this_o opinion_n which_o make_v god_n a_o separate_a be_v and_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o intellectual_a being_n be_v true_a yet_o that_o which_o make_v god_n the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n though_o it_o be_v far_o from_o truth_n give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o create_a being_n for_o than_o they_o give_v that_o divine_a worship_n to_o god_n himself_o for_o according_a to_o this_o principle_n the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o respect_n of_o god_n be_v but_o as_o the_o several_a member_n of_o a_o man_n body_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o soul_n but_o the_o most_o unreasonable_a opinion_n he_o say_v be_v that_o of_o animate_v image_n because_o those_o can_v deserve_v more_o worship_n than_o either_o the_o spirit_n that_o animate_v they_o or_o the_o maker_n of_o they_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v they_o beside_o that_o by_o lie_a oracle_n and_o wicked_a counsel_n these_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v evil_a spirit_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v no_o worship_n of_o we_o from_o hence_o he_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o because_o divine_a worship_n be_v proper_a only_o to_o god_n as_o the_o first_o principle_n and_o none_o but_o a_o ill_o dispose_v rational_a be_v can_v excite_v man_n to_o the_o do_v such_o unlawful_a thing_n as_o give_v the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n to_o any_o other_o be_v that_o man_n be_v draw_v to_o idolatry_n by_o the_o instigation_n of_o evil_a spirit_n which_o covet_v divine_a honour_n to_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o scripture_n say_v they_o worship_v devil_n and_o not_o god_n from_o which_o remarkable_a testimony_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o these_o thing_n 1._o that_o he_o confess_v many_o of_o the_o gentile_n who_o he_o charge_v with_o idolatry_n do_v believe_v and_o worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n as_o creator_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o that_o divine_a worship_n be_v so_o proper_a to_o the_o true_a god_n that_o whosoever_o give_v it_o to_o any_o create_v be_v though_o in_o itself_o of_o real_a excellency_n and_o consider_v as_o derive_v that_o excellency_n from_o god_n be_v yet_o guilty_a of_o idolatry_n 3._o that_o relative_a latria_n be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n be_v idolatry_n for_o so_o he_o make_v it_o to_o be_v in_o those_o who_o suppose_v god_n to_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o desire_v t._n g._n or_o any_o other_o cunning_a sophister_n among_o they_o to_o show_v i_o why_o a_o man_n may_v not_o as_o lawful_o worship_v any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o a_o relative_a latria_n suppose_v god_n to_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n as_o any_o image_n or_o crucifix_n whatsoever_o for_o if_o union_n contact_n or_o relation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o relative_a latria_n in_o one_o case_n it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o other_o also_o and_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_v so_o great_a a_o judgement_n as_o aquinas_n have_v 3._o shall_v not_o either_o have_v make_v he_o justify_v the_o heathen_n on_o this_o supposition_n or_o condemn_v the_o christian_n in_o give_v latria_n i._n e._n proper_a divine_a worship_n to_o the_o cross._n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o shadow_n of_o reason_n produce_v by_o he_o for_o the_o one_o which_o will_v not_o hold_v have_v much_o more_o for_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o image_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o prototype_n be_v not_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n to_o the_o mind_n that_o animate_v they_o if_o the_o image_n deserve_v the_o same_o worship_n with_o the_o person_n represent_v by_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n capable_a of_o receive_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o the_o person_n as_o the_o
camar_n to_o enliven_v and_o that_o from_o cama_fw-la the_o soul_n so_o that_o pachacamac_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n which_o word_n they_o have_v in_o so_o great_a veneration_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o pronounce_v it_o but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ceremony_n and_o with_o the_o most_o humble_a posture_n of_o adoration_n which_o be_v the_o external_a sovereign_a worship_n which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o supreme_a deity_n and_o above_o what_o they_o give_v to_o the_o sun_n who_o name_n they_o do_v usual_o pronounce_v from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o although_o the_o external_a worship_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o sun_n yet_o they_o have_v in_o their_o soul_n a_o great_a adoration_n to_o pachacamac_n as_o a_o invisible_a deity_n that_o give_v be_v and_o life_n to_o the_o world_n he_o say_v that_o without_o all_o question_n the_o yncas_n and_o their_o amautas_n or_o philosopher_n do_v intend_v no_o other_o by_o this_o word_n but_o the_o true_a sovereign_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n however_o the_o spaniard_n think_v some_o devil_n be_v understand_v by_o it_o but_o say_v he_o the_o indian_n when_o they_o mean_v the_o devil_n they_o call_v he_o cupay_v and_o at_o the_o name_v he_o do_v spit_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o token_n of_o execration_n but_o when_o they_o mention_v pachacamac_n they_o do_v it_o with_o all_o the_o reverence_n and_o devotion_n imaginable_a and_o withal_o he_o add_v that_o whatever_o acosta_n and_o other_o say_v this_o be_v the_o proper_a name_n for_o god_n in_o the_o peruvian_n language_n and_o they_o do_v not_o know_v how_o to_o express_v he_o otherwise_o and_o that_o all_o other_o name_v give_v by_o the_o spaniard_n as_o tici_n viracocha_n pachaia_n chacher_n pacharurac_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o the_o unexpressible_a majesty_n of_o god_n in_o their_o tongue_n as_o pachacamac_n do_v he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o inviolable_a law_n of_o the_o yncas_n throughout_o their_o empire_n 146._o that_o divine_a worship_n shall_v be_v give_v only_o to_o pachacamac_n as_o the_o sovereign_a deity_n and_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o great_a benefit_n the_o world_n receive_v by_o he_o and_o that_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o very_a reproachful_a thing_n among_o they_o to_o attribute_v the_o name_n honour_n authority_n power_n of_o god_n or_o any_o other_o divine_a perfection_n to_o any_o sublunary_a thing_n but_o they_o have_v a_o inferior_a reverence_n for_o the_o moon_n as_o wife_n and_o sister_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o for_o the_o star_n which_o they_o call_v her_o daughter_n and_o servant_n of_o her_o house_n and_o so_o they_o have_v for_o their_o yncas_n too_o who_o body_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o cozco_n on_o either_o side_n his_o golden_a image_n 20._o and_o in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o empress_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o which_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o yncas_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v their_o vow_n to_o the_o moon_n 21._o and_o recommend_v themselves_o to_o she_o as_o their_o mother_n but_o they_o offer_v no_o sacrifice_n to_o she_o as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o sun_n they_o have_v likewise_o great_a respect_n for_o the_o star_n and_o especial_o for_o the_o planet_n venus_n which_o they_o call_v the_o page_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o they_o have_v for_o the_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o thunderbolt_n which_o he_o say_v again_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v to_o be_v god_n but_o to_o be_v his_o domestic_a servant_n which_o the_o spaniard_n because_o they_o represent_v they_o as_o three_o in_o one_o mistake_v for_o the_o trinity_n worship_v among_o they_o which_o eusebius_n nierembergius_n from_o acosta_n call_v tangatanga_n garcilasso_n know_v nothing_o of_o it_o but_o say_v that_o they_o call_v they_o yllapa_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o great_a veneration_n for_o the_o rainbow_n as_o the_o production_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o for_o the_o city_n of_o cozco_n but_o as_o to_o all_o these_o they_o give_v only_o a_o inferior_a and_o honorary_a worship_n to_o they_o but_o they_o reserve_v the_o sovereign_n internal_a worship_n for_o pachacamac_n and_o external_a by_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o sun_n this_o pachacamac_n although_o he_o have_v no_o temple_n erect_v by_o the_o yncas_n yet_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o 30._o that_o under_o the_o power_n of_o cuysmancu_n king_n of_o the_o yuncas_n there_o be_v a_o valley_n call_v the_o valley_n of_o pachacamac_n where_o be_v a_o temple_n erect_v to_o his_o worship_n and_o when_o the_o ynca_n of_o peru_n demand_v subjection_n to_o he_o and_o to_o join_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n he_o say_v pachacamac_n be_v creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o all_o 3._o and_o therefore_o great_a than_o the_o sun_n who_o they_o worship_v with_o the_o utmost_a expression_n of_o adoration_n the_o king_n himself_o not_o dare_v to_o enter_v the_o temple_n with_o his_o face_n towards_o his_o image_n and_o beside_o he_o they_o only_o worship_v the_o oracle_n of_o rimac_n and_o mamacohca_n i._n e._n the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o sun_n they_o find_v too_o great_a inconvenience_n by_o his_o heat_n for_o they_o to_o worship_v he_o the_o ynca_n reply_v that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o worship_v the_o sun_n but_o pachacamac_n too_o but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o invisible_a and_o incomprehensible_a deity_n they_o offer_v he_o no_o sacrifice_n nor_o build_v he_o any_o temple_n but_o they_o have_v the_o great_a inward_a veneration_n towards_o he_o which_o they_o express_v by_o all_o possible_a demonstration_n as_o oft_o as_o they_o mention_v his_o name_n at_o last_o the_o difference_n be_v compose_v on_o these_o term_n the_o yuncas_n be_v to_o retain_v the_o temple_n of_o pachacamac_n but_o to_o forbear_v any_o image_n of_o he_o as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o and_o humane_a sacrifice_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o yncas_n to_o admit_v the_o oracle_n of_o rimac_n huayna_n capac_n one_o of_o the_o yncas_n make_v use_v of_o this_o argument_n to_o the_o highpriest_n his_o uncle_n that_o the_o sun_n can_v not_o be_v the_o supreme_a god_n 9_o who_o dare_v say_v he_o command_v i_o to_o go_v a_o long_a journey_n and_o never_o rest_n but_o if_o i_o command_v any_o officer_n i_o have_v to_o go_v to_o chili_n he_o dare_v not_o disobey_v sure_o then_o say_v he_o our_o father_n the_o sun_n so_o the_o yncas_n still_o call_v he_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o great_a lord_n than_o himself_o which_o command_v he_o to_o take_v such_o a_o journey_n every_o day_n by_o these_o thing_n it_o full_o appear_v that_o the_o mighty_a empire_n of_o peru_n while_o it_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o yncas_n do_v acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a god_n to_o who_o they_o give_v internal_a worship_n as_o most_o proper_a for_o he_o and_o external_a adoration_n at_o the_o mention_n of_o his_o name_n although_o they_o offer_v their_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a what_o the_o same_o excellent_a author_n far_o add_v 4._o that_o the_o indian_n worship_v pachacamac_n under_o the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o unknown_a god_n which_o be_v the_o inscription_n on_o the_o altar_n at_o athens_n from_o whence_o s._n paul_n say_v who_o you_o ignorant_o worship_n he_o i_o declare_v unto_o you_o acosta_n say_v 4._o that_o the_o supreme_a god_n be_v worship_v in_o mexico_n with_o a_o very_a magnificent_a temple_n and_o after_o he_o the_o sun_n in_o virginia_n one_o that_o have_v it_o from_o intimate_a familiarity_n with_o the_o priest_n declare_v virgin_n that_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v many_o god_n which_o they_o call_v mantoac_n but_o of_o different_a sort_n and_o degree_n one_o only_a chief_a and_o great_a god_n which_o have_v be_v from_o all_o eternity_n who_o as_o they_o affirm_v when_o he_o purpose_v to_o make_v the_o world_n make_v first_o other_o god_n of_o a_o principal_a order_n to_o be_v as_o mean_n and_o instrument_n to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o creation_n and_o government_n to_o follow_v and_o after_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n as_o petty_a god_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o other_o order_n more_o principal_a and_o when_o tomocomo_n a_o principal_a person_n of_o virginia_n be_v here_o in_o england_n 6._o he_o aver_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o god_n that_o make_v heaven_n and_o earth_n who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o good_a to_o they_o creuxius_n the_o jesuit_n 78._o in_o his_o late_a history_n of_o canada_n say_v that_o when_o paulus_n juvenaeus_n discourse_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o god_n and_o describe_v he_o to_o be_v of_o infinite_a power_n and_o that_o make_v heaven_n and_o earth_n they_o cry_v out_o to_o each_o other_o atoachan_n atoachan_n intimate_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v by_o that_o god_n who_o they_o worship_v under_o that_o name_n but_o they_o
subjection_n to_o a_o superior_a 12._o but_o withal_o he_o make_v the_o mere_a apprehension_n of_o excellency_n to_o include_v the_o formal_a reason_n of_o it_o whereas_o mere_a excellency_n without_o superiority_n do_v not_o require_v any_o subjection_n but_o only_a estimation_n for_o let_v we_o apprehend_v never_o so_o great_a excellency_n in_o a_o person_n that_o have_v no_o authority_n over_o we_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o it_o in_o we_o be_v only_o a_o mighty_a estimation_n whereas_o the_o apprehension_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n in_o a_o person_n where_o there_o be_v not_o that_o opinion_n of_o excellency_n do_v natural_o incline_v man_n to_o submission_n to_o he_o nay_o although_o we_o apprehend_v a_o conjunction_n of_o excellency_n and_o power_n together_o if_o that_o power_n do_v not_o respect_v we_o we_o find_v no_o inclination_n in_o ourselves_o by_o any_o act_n to_o testify_v our_o subjection_n to_o it_o as_o if_o we_o apprehend_v the_o great_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n or_o japan_n how_o do_v that_o apprehension_n move_v we_o to_o express_v any_o act_n of_o subjection_n to_o either_o of_o they_o we_o be_v well_o enough_o content_v for_o all_o that_o to_o let_v they_o govern_v at_o home_n and_o think_v it_o more_o our_o own_o interest_n and_o duty_n to_o submit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n over_o our_o self_n nay_o yet_o far_o if_o according_a to_o the_o epicurean_a hypothesis_n we_o can_v suppose_v god_n himself_o to_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a be_v but_o to_o exercise_v no_o power_n or_o authority_n over_o the_o world_n there_o will_v be_v still_o reason_n for_o a_o great_a esteem_n leave_v but_o not_o for_o the_o subjection_n of_o ourselves_o to_o he_o and_o we_o may_v express_v that_o esteem_n by_o praise_n and_o other_o testimony_n of_o his_o honour_n but_o there_o will_v be_v no_o ground_n for_o any_o proper_a service_n or_o worship_n of_o he_o either_o in_o prayer_n or_o thanksgiving_n or_o any_o rite_n of_o religious_a worship_n which_o imply_v any_o dependence_n upon_o he_o or_o subjection_n to_o he_o so_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o honour_n and_o worship_n be_v in_o themselves_o distinct_a thing_n the_o one_o arise_v from_o the_o apprehension_n of_o excellency_n and_o the_o formal_a reason_n of_o the_o other_o be_v superiority_n and_o a_o power_n over_o we_o 2._o for_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n 2._o it_o must_v consist_v in_o such_o a_o subjection_n of_o ourselves_o to_o god_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o apprehension_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o sovereignty_n over_o we_o and_o because_o his_o sovereignty_n be_v supreme_a absolute_a and_o peculiar_a to_o himself_o therefore_o our_o worship_n of_o he_o must_v approach_v as_o near_o to_o the_o expression_n of_o this_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o to_o come_v i._n e._n it_o must_v be_v of_o the_o high_a nature_n with_o the_o great_a submission_n of_o our_o soul_n to_o he_o it_o must_v be_v entire_a not_o divide_v between_o he_o and_o other_o and_o it_o must_v have_v such_o a_o peculiarity_n in_o it_o as_o may_v not_o be_v give_v to_o any_o beside_o himself_o for_o whatever_o worship_n be_v common_a to_o he_o and_o other_o do_v not_o serve_v to_o express_v the_o sense_n of_o our_o mind_n as_o to_o his_o peculiar_a sovereignty_n over_o we_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o inviolable_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n to_o have_v such_o act_n of_o worship_n appropriate_v to_o it_o that_o the_o give_v of_o these_o to_o any_o other_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o this_o have_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la and_o to_o deserve_v as_o high_a a_o punishment_n as_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o because_o it_o be_v a_o immediate_a attempt_n upon_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o whatever_o lessen_v it_o tend_v to_o overthrow_v it_o if_o then_o god_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o to_o have_v the_o only_a supreme_a power_n over_o we_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unreasonable_a in_o itself_o nor_o a_o great_a affront_n to_o his_o majesty_n than_o to_o make_v all_o outward_a expression_n of_o our_o duty_n to_o he_o common_a to_o himself_o and_o his_o creature_n i_o know_v it_o be_v not_o deny_v by_o t._n g._n or_o his_o brethren_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sovereign_a worship_n which_o belong_v to_o god_n but_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v 288._o that_o withal_o they_o tell_v we_o 1._o that_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n or_o worship_n be_v equivocal_a and_o sometime_o may_v signify_v the_o honour_n which_o belong_v to_o god_n and_o sometime_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o creature_n 2._o that_o even_o sacrifice_v itself_o which_o they_o look_v on_o as_o most_o peculiar_a to_o god_n and_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o absolute_a worship_n due_a to_o he_o do_v receive_v the_o formality_n of_o such_o a_o act_n from_o a_o intention_n to_o profess_v a_o total_a submission_n of_o ourselves_o to_o god_n as_o the_o supreme_a author_n of_o life_n and_o death_n otherwise_o t._n g._n say_v 182._o the_o material_a action_n of_o sacrifice_n may_v be_v do_v for_o several_a end_n and_o intention_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v not_o according_a to_o they_o to_o be_v take_v from_o any_o external_a act_n but_o from_o the_o inward_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o that_o there_o be_v some_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o none_o but_o to_o god_n himself_o i_o prove_v 1._o from_o the_o nature_n and_o design_n of_o religious_a worship_n 2._o from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n appropriate_v some_o act_n only_o to_o god_n 3._o from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n condemn_v those_o for_o idolatry_n who_o have_v give_v they_o to_o any_o creature_n 1._o from_o the_o nature_n and_o design_n of_o religious_a worship_n which_o be_v to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o worship_n we_o give_v to_o god_n and_o to_o his_o creature_n for_o since_o god_n have_v appoint_v government_n among_o man_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o his_o intention_n be_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o worship_n shall_v be_v give_v from_o some_o of_o his_o creature_n to_o other_o although_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o themselves_o for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o power_n to_o punish_v and_o to_o reward_v there_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o worship_n in_o those_o who_o be_v under_o that_o power_n which_o worship_n lie_v in_o express_v a_o due_a regard_n to_o that_o power_n by_o a_o care_n not_o to_o provoke_v it_o and_o a_o endeavour_n to_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o it_o which_o be_v among_o mankind_n live_v in_o society_n with_o each_o other_o be_v therefore_o call_v civil_a worship_n which_o denomination_n it_o do_v not_o lose_v although_o we_o give_v that_o worship_n to_o superior_n upon_o a_o religious_a account_n i._n e._n though_o i_o give_v worship_n to_o my_o sovereign_n with_o a_o respect_n to_o god_n because_o he_o have_v command_v it_o and_o i_o intend_v to_o honour_v he_o by_o it_o yet_o the_o worship_n do_v not_o take_v its_o denomination_n from_o my_o intention_n but_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n which_o be_v civil_a the_o worship_n continue_v to_o bear_v that_o name_n by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o external_a circumstance_n which_o do_v accompany_v man_n act_n be_v those_o which_o do_v so_o circumscribe_v and_o limit_v they_o that_o from_o thence_o they_o become_v either_o civil_a or_o religious_a i_o can_v therefore_o but_o extreme_o wonder_v to_o see_v man_n of_o understanding_n so_o much_o to_o seek_v in_o this_o matter_n because_o the_o same_o external_a act_n be_v common_a to_o divine_a and_o civil_a worship_n but_o what_o then_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a way_n to_o discriminate_a these_o one_o from_o the_o other_o i_o grant_v the_o same_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n may_v be_v use_v to_o man_n which_o be_v use_v to_o god_n as_o abraham_n bow_v to_o the_o child_n of_o heth_n in_o token_n of_o civil_a respect_n as_o well_o as_o when_o he_o worship_v god_n but_o can_v not_o any_o one_o that_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n make_v a_o plain_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o adoration_n when_o the_o roman_a emperor_n will_v have_v divine_a honour_n give_v to_o they_o be_v any_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o senseless_a to_o say_v they_o know_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o the_o worship_n give_v they_o before_o because_o they_o may_v use_v the_o same_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n in_o both_o case_n suppose_v the_o pope_n one_o day_n to_o sit_v on_o a_o throne_n as_o a_o temporal_a prince_n and_o on_o that_o account_n summon_v his_o
of_o divine_a worship_n and_o see_v upon_o what_o ground_n they_o become_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n which_o will_v not_o reach_v home_o to_o themselves_o card._n bessarion_n have_v write_v a_o elaborate_a vindication_n of_o plato_n against_o trapezuntius_fw-la 3._o wherein_o he_o show_v that_o plato_n do_v assert_v the_o unity_n power_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n and_o the_o creation_n of_o all_o thing_n by_o he_o and_o that_o he_o do_v this_o frequent_o and_o constant_o in_o his_o parmenides_n phaedrus_n phaedo_fw-la philebus_fw-la timaeus_n sophista_fw-la law_n politic_n epistle_n every_o where_o 5._o but_o trapezuntius_fw-la charge_n plato_n that_o although_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v god_n he_o do_v not_o worship_v he_o and_o that_o he_o sacrifice_v only_o to_o the_o inferior_a god_n to_o this_o bessarion_n answer_v that_o in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o people_n he_o do_v not_o express_o prescribe_v any_o worship_n to_o god_n under_o the_o name_n of_o one_o or_o first_o or_o ineffable_a which_o be_v the_o title_n he_o have_v give_v he_o in_o his_o dialogue_n and_o be_v not_o know_v to_o the_o people_n but_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n of_o law_n he_o appoint_v twelve_o solemn_a feast_n to_o the_o twelve_o god_n of_o who_o jupiter_n be_v chief_a under_o which_o name_n the_o supreme_a god_n be_v know_v among_o the_o people_n than_o which_o name_n in_o the_o proper_a importance_n of_o it_o none_o can_v have_v be_v more_o significant_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o that_o he_o retain_v the_o other_o common_a name_n of_o the_o god_n worship_v among_o they_o that_o he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n in_o religion_n although_o the_o philosopher_n understand_v they_o in_o another_o sense_n than_o the_o common_a people_n do_v by_o jove_n they_o mean_v the_o first_o be_v or_o supreme_a deity_n by_o minerva_n wisdom_n by_o mercury_n reason_n by_o saturn_n eternity_n by_o neptune_n form_n by_o juno_n matter_n by_o venus_n nature_n by_o apollo_n the_o sun_n by_o pan_n the_o universe_n but_o when_o they_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o they_o do_v not_o mention_v wisdom_n or_o reason_n or_o eternity_n but_o minerva_n mercury_n saturn_n and_o he_o say_v it_o will_v have_v be_v folly_n in_o they_o to_o have_v do_v otherwise_o the_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o worship_v the_o god_n under_o these_o name_n and_o nothing_o more_o be_v requisite_a but_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v they_o aright_o but_o for_o plato_n himself_o he_o say_v he_o worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n after_o the_o best_a manner_n i._n e._n with_o inward_a reverence_n and_o adoration_n in_o plato_n own_o expression_n by_o think_v the_o best_a and_o most_o worthy_a thing_n of_o he_o which_o bessarion_n interpret_v in_o spirit_n and_o in_o truth_n and_o he_o add_v that_o plato_n look_v on_o sacrifice_n and_o image_n as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o who_o be_v a_o pure_a mind_n and_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v by_o any_o image_n to_o man_n but_o plato_n adversary_n charge_v he_o with_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o latria_n to_o inferior_a god_n and_o creature_n to_o which_o bessarion_n say_v that_o latria_n among_o the_o heathen_n signify_v only_o a_o strict_a kind_n of_o service_n which_o some_o man_n pay_v to_o other_o that_o be_v above_o they_o 4._o and_o that_o the_o worship_n by_o sacrifice_n by_o a_o long_a custom_n from_o the_o time_n of_o zamolxis_n and_o orpheus_n be_v look_v on_o as_o common_a to_o all_o thing_n worship_v by_o they_o but_o say_v he_o he_o refer_v all_o that_o worship_n which_o other_o give_v to_o many_o and_o different_a god_n to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a principle_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o again_o mention_n that_o say_n in_o his_o epinomis_n that_o the_o most_o suitable_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v to_o think_v honourable_o of_o he_o which_o i_o suppose_v plato_n will_v have_v say_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n call_v latria_n and_o that_o he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n understand_v how_o sacrifice_n come_v to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o it_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n bessarion_n quote_v the_o say_n of_o porphyrius_n that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v in_o silence_n and_o with_o a_o pure_a mind_n and_o with_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o a_o good_a life_n and_o as_o to_o other_o deity_n which_o plato_n allow_v to_o be_v worship_v he_o say_v that_o he_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v inferior_a and_o subordinate_a to_o the_o supreme_a 4._o and_o dependent_a upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o worship_v empty_a statue_n but_o one_o god_n the_o principle_n of_o all_o which_o be_v compare_v with_o plato_n law_n and_o practice_n about_o worship_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n do_v imply_v that_o he_o worship_v image_n with_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o true_a god_n let_v now_o the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o learned_a cardinal_n plato_n be_v guilty_a of_o worship_v only_o the_o image_n of_o false_a go_n but_o trapezuntius_fw-la still_o urge_v hard_o upon_o plato_n 6._o that_o if_o he_o allow_v the_o worship_n of_o a_o second_o and_o three_o order_n of_o god_n which_o be_v but_o creature_n he_o may_v on_o the_o same_o ground_n worship_v any_o creature_n because_o all_o creature_n be_v infinite_o distant_a from_o the_o creator_n bessarion_n like_o a_o understand_a man_n tell_v he_o that_o this_o argument_n will_v hold_v as_o well_o against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o against_o plato_n which_o worship_v angel_n although_o they_o be_v creature_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v the_o argument_n will_v reach_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o all_o creature_n because_o though_o all_o creature_n be_v equal_o distant_a as_o to_o existence_n yet_o some_o come_v near_o than_o other_o as_o to_o perfection_n this_o trapezuntius_fw-la take_v off_o by_o say_v that_o plato_n worship_v daemon_n 7._o which_o bessarion_n grant_v but_o by_o daemon_n he_o say_v plato_n and_o aristotle_n and_o other_o philosopher_n do_v not_o understand_v such_o evil_a spirit_n as_o we_o do_v but_o certain_a aereal_a being_n low_a than_o god_n and_o above_o man_n who_o they_o look_v on_o as_o mediator_n and_o intercessor_n between_o god_n and_o man_n but_o for_o evil_a spirit_n he_o say_v they_o be_v not_o receive_v into_o their_o religion_n and_o that_o lucifer_n be_v look_v on_o as_o accurse_a by_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o ate._n 8._o and_o he_o show_v far_a from_o s._n augustin_n that_o all_o the_o poetical_a theology_n be_v reject_v by_o plato_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a dispute_n with_o plato_n about_o worship_n must_v come_v to_o these_o two_o point_n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n by_o external_a and_o visible_a representation_n suppose_v that_o a_o man_n direct_v his_o intention_n aright_o towards_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n by_o they_o 2._o 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thing_n it_o be_v only_o a_o divinity_n by_o way_n of_o gift_n and_o participation_n such_o as_o angel_n and_o holy_a man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v which_o do_v not_o hinder_v our_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v all_o at_o first_o create_v by_o one_o god_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o inferior_a deity_n he_o say_v assert_v by_o the_o philosopher_n 2._o viz._n daemon_n or_o god_n with_o aërial_a body_n who_o have_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o humane_a affair_n intelligence_n or_o the_o spirit_n which_o animate_v and_o move_v the_o star_n and_o celestial_a deity_n who_o converse_v with_o the_o supreme_a god_n now_o all_o these_o he_o make_v appear_v from_o many_o passage_n in_o plato_n especial_o the_o famous_a one_o in_o his_o timaeus_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o god_n and_o that_o when_o in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n 3._o and_o the_o epinomis_n or_o appendix_n to_o
he_o make_v more_o of_o his_o own_o for_o he_o say_v these_o be_v samaritan_n sectary_n who_o be_v more_o precise_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o be_v much_o trouble_v at_o the_o cherubim_v in_o the_o temple_n and_o more_o at_o the_o respect_n which_o the_o christian_n tender_v to_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o saint_n i_o never_o see_v a_o more_o pitiful_a pretender_n to_o history_n than_o this_o author_n who_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o add_v to_o or_o vary_v from_o his_o original_a he_o make_v the_o matter_n worse_o than_o he_o find_v it_o for_o not_o one_o of_o his_o author_n in_o the_o margin_n say_v they_o be_v samaritan_n but_o only_a hebrew_n as_o zonaras_n and_o cedrenus_n his_o other_o author_n elmacinus_n and_o the_o chronicon_fw-la orientale_n have_v not_o one_o word_n about_o it_o where_o they_o mention_v jezid_v the_o chaliph_n of_o arabia_n and_o yet_o grant_v they_o be_v samaritan_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o his_o say_n they_o be_v more_o precise_a in_o this_o matter_n of_o image_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o jew_n for_o epiphanius_n himself_o 25._o who_o he_o quote_v suspect_v they_o of_o secret_a idolatry_n in_o mount_n gerizim_n and_o the_o jew_n general_o charge_v they_o with_o it_o for_o they_o say_v they_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o a_o dove_n on_o mount_n gerizim_n 16._o which_o maimonides_n affirm_v of_o they_o with_o great_a confidence_n and_o obadias_n bartenora_n with_o several_a other_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o unhappy_a for_o this_o historian_n to_o pitch_v upon_o the_o samaritan_n sectary_n of_o all_o other_o as_o the_o beginner_n of_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o iconoclast_n and_o be_v it_o not_o lucky_o do_v to_o begin_v a_o history_n with_o so_o palpable_a a_o falsehood_n but_o this_o be_v a_o pretty_a artifice_n to_o possess_v his_o reader_n at_o the_o entrance_n that_o none_o but_o samaritan_n sectary_n can_v be_v enemy_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n which_o he_o know_v to_o have_v be_v the_o method_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a only_o he_o pursue_v it_o with_o great_a ignorance_n than_o they_o 2._o by_o fabulous_a story_n and_o lie_a miracle_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v many_o instance_n in_o the_o action_n of_o that_o famous_a council_n 251._o but_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v that_o out_o of_o the_o limonarion_n of_o the_o pretend_a sophronius_n about_o the_o spirit_n of_o fornication_n haunt_v a_o monk_n who_o have_v a_o image_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n to_o who_o the_o devil_n say_v if_o thou_o will_v not_o worship_v that_o image_n i_o will_v trouble_v thou_o no_o more_o but_o the_o devil_n will_v not_o tell_v he_o this_o great_a secret_a till_o he_o have_v solemn_o promise_v he_o he_o will_v reveal_v it_o to_o no_o body_n the_o monk_n next_o day_n tell_v it_o to_o the_o abbot_n theodore_n who_o assure_v he_o he_o have_v better_o go_v into_o all_o the_o stew_n in_o the_o city_n than_o leave_v off_o the_o worship_n of_o that_o image_n with_o which_o the_o monk_n go_v away_o much_o comfort_v but_o the_o devil_n soon_o after_o charge_v he_o with_o perjury_n the_o monk_n reply_v he_o have_v forswear_v to_o god_n and_o not_o to_o he_o upon_o which_o john_n vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a bishop_n say_v it_o be_v better_a to_o forswear_v one_o self_n than_o to_o keep_v a_o oath_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o image_n and_o concern_v miracle_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o tarasius_n confess_v 223._o that_o their_o image_n do_v work_v none_o in_o their_o day_n because_o miracle_n be_v for_o unbeliever_n and_o yet_o manzo_n a_o bishop_n there_o present_a say_v 258._o he_o be_v cure_v of_o a_o disease_n by_o lay_v a_o image_n of_o christ_n upon_o the_o part_n affect_v bellarmin_n and_o baronius_n say_v 29._o the_o miracle_n of_o the_o image_n at_o berytus_n be_v do_v in_o those_o time_n and_o yet_o after_o the_o read_n the_o story_n which_o make_v the_o good_a father_n weep_v tharasius_n say_v those_o word_n which_o make_v this_o story_n by_o compare_v these_o circumstance_n together_o appear_v a_o mere_a fabulous_a imposture_n for_o in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a the_o story_n be_v report_v as_o write_v by_o s._n athanasius_n near_o four_o hundred_o year_n before_o but_o not_o only_o those_o author_n but_o sigebert_n say_v it_o be_v do_v a._n d._n 765._o and_o lambecius_n undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o story_n be_v never_o write_v by_o s._n athanasius_n but_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o passage_n which_o eutychius_n the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n relate_v concern_v the_o occasion_n of_o theophilus_n the_o emperor_n extirpate_v image_n out_o of_o church_n 448._o one_o of_o the_o courtier_n have_v tell_v he_o there_o be_v a_o image_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n from_o who_o breast_n there_o drop_v milk_n upon_o her_o day_n but_o search_v be_v make_v the_o cheat_n be_v discover_v the_o church_n officer_n execute_v and_o all_o image_n prohibit_v if_o all_o the_o impostor_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v deal_v with_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o will_v be_v few_o pretence_n to_o miracle_n wrought_v by_o image_n than_o there_o be_v 3._o by_o cry_v up_o those_o for_o martyr_n who_o suffer_v for_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o oppose_v the_o imperial_a edict_n for_o pull_v they_o down_o thus_o pope_n gregory_n 2._o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o leo_n magnify_v the_o zeal_n of_o the_o woman_n who_o kill_v the_o emperor_n officer_n who_o be_v send_v to_o demolish_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n call_v antiphoneta_n leon._n and_o afterward_o suffer_v themselves_o for_o the_o tumult_n they_o raise_v in_o the_o city_n but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a act_n of_o zeal_n in_o the_o woman_n in_o this_o good_a cause_n for_o as_o baronius_n relate_v it_o 12._o out_o of_o the_o act_n of_o stephanus_n extant_a in_o damascens_n work_v when_o a_o new_a patriarch_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o room_n of_o germanus_n they_o shake_v off_o all_o modesty_n and_o run_v into_o the_o church_n and_o throw_v stone_n at_o the_o patriarch_n and_o call_v he_o hireling_n wolf_n and_o what_o not_o one_o need_v not_o wonder_v at_o the_o mighty_a zeal_n of_o the_o woman_n in_o this_o cause_n for_o as_o pope_n gregory_n notable_o observe_v on_o behalf_n of_o image_n the_o woman_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v the_o little_a child_n in_o their_o arm_n 2._o and_o show_v they_o this_o and_o the_o other_o image_n which_o contribute_v mighty_o to_o the_o infallibility_n of_o oral_a tradition_n when_o the_o woman_n and_o nurse_n can_v point_v with_o their_o finger_n to_o the_o article_n of_o faith_n elegant_o express_v in_o picture_n which_o the_o child_n do_v delight_n to_o look_v upon_o the_o great_a number_n of_o martyr_n in_o this_o cause_n of_o which_o baronius_n glory_v consist_v chief_o of_o woman_n and_o monk_n who_o be_v the_o most_o zealous_a champion_n in_o it_o and_o the_o late_a historian_n can_v hardly_o abstain_v from_o make_v the_o empress_n irene_n a_o martyr_n in_o this_o cause_n for_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o queen_n a_o lady_n of_o so_o incomparable_o great_a virtue_n and_o goodness_n 3.5_o that_o it_o be_v a_o affront_n to_o her_o majesty_n to_o commend_v such_o a_o one_o to_o her_o protection_n he_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o tell_v she_o that_o the_o only_a imputation_n which_o assault_v those_o princess_n repute_n viz._n irene_n and_o theodora_n be_v their_o piety_n in_o restore_v the_o religious_a use_n and_o veneration_n of_o holy_a image_n to_o the_o eastern_a empire_n what_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o such_o a_o historian_n who_o dare_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n tell_v her_o majesty_n so_o impudent_a a_o falsehood_n for_o zonaras_n cedrenus_n glycas_n theophanes_n constantinus_n manasses_n 91._o although_o friend_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n yet_o all_o accuse_v irene_n of_o intolerable_a ambition_n and_o cruelty_n to_o her_o son_n the_o emperor_n constantine_n and_o to_o all_o his_o kindred_n nay_o baronius_n himself_o who_o mince_v the_o matter_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v say_v 8._o that_o if_o she_o use_v those_o cruelty_n to_o her_o son_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o empire_n as_o the_o greek_a historian_n say_v she_o do_v she_o be_v worse_a than_o agrippina_n but_o const._n manasses_n as_o zealous_a as_o any_o for_o image_n make_v she_o worse_o than_o a_o tiger_n or_o lion_n or_o bear_v or_o dragon_n for_o her_o cruelty_n and_o he_o can_v think_v of_o no_o parallel_n for_o she_o among_o woman_n but_o medea_n and_o be_v not_o this_o a_o excellent_a confessor_n at_o least_o if_o not_o a_o martyr_n in_o this_o cause_n a_o person_n fit_a to_o be_v commend_v to_o her_o majesty_n protection_n as_o one_o that_o suffer_v only_o under_o the_o imputation_n of_o her_o zeal_n for_o image_n but_o if_o any_o be_v give_v up_o to_o
citation_n i_o there_o produce_v out_o of_o origen_n wherein_o he_o say_v the_o christian_n dare_v have_v no_o image_n of_o the_o deity_n because_o of_o this_o commandment_n and_o that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o defile_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o impiety_n and_o even_o theodoret_n himself_o say_v 168._o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o make_v any_o image_n of_o god_n because_o they_o see_v no_o similitude_n of_o he_o and_o which_o be_v more_o to_o t._n g._n even_o the_o nicene_n council_n and_o the_o great_a patron_n of_o image_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o do_v yield_v that_o the_o second_o commandment_n do_v forbid_v the_o make_n or_o worship_v any_o representation_n of_o god_n as_o i_o have_v already_o at_o large_a prove_v if_o i_o may_v advise_v t._n g._n i_o will_v never_o have_v he_o venture_v at_o the_o father_n again_o but_o be_v content_v to_o bear_v his_o own_o burden_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a pity_n to_o they_o not_o to_o load_v they_o with_o the_o imputation_n of_o his_o own_o infirmity_n if_o not_o wilful_a mistake_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o mere_o against_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o heathen_n i_o add_v these_o word_n if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n why_o be_v it_o not_o more_o plain_o express_v why_o be_v none_o of_o the_o word_n elsewhere_o use_v by_o way_n of_o contempt_n of_o the_o heathen_a idol_n here_o mention_v as_o be_v less_o liable_a to_o ambiguity_n why_o in_o so_o short_a a_o comprehension_n of_o law_n be_v this_o law_n so_o much_o enlarge_v above_o what_o it_o may_v have_v be_v if_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o say_v be_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o it_o for_o then_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o two_o first_o precept_n may_v have_v be_v sum_v up_o in_o very_a few_o word_n thou_o shall_v have_v no_o other_o god_n but_o i_o and_o thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o image_n of_o no_o other_o god_n but_o i_o to_o all_o this_o which_o be_v sure_o something_o more_o than_o say_v that_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o imagine_v the_o law_n mean_v any_o thing_n else_o t._n g._n answer_v not_o one_o word_n 53._o but_o instead_o of_o that_o he_o spend_v some_o page_n about_o two_o similitude_n one_o of_o i_o and_o another_o quaint_a of_o his_o own_o which_o must_v stand_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o only_o for_o his_o desire_v i_o to_o make_v my_o similitude_n run_v on_o all_o four_o as_o the_o beast_n mention_v in_o it_o it_o be_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o wit_n that_o i_o desire_v he_o may_v enjoy_v the_o comfort_n of_o it_o but_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v with_o the_o word_n pesel_n which_o he_o say_v 54._o the_o lxx_o will_v never_o have_v render_v it_o here_o contrary_a to_o their_o custom_n idol_n without_o some_o particular_a reason_n for_o it_o what_o particular_a reason_n be_v there_o here_o more_o than_o in_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o commandment_n deut._n 5.8_o where_o they_o translate_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o alex._n m_o s._n and_o in_o other_o copy_n of_o the_o lxx_o deut._n 4.16_o be_v there_o not_o as_o much_o reason_n to_o have_v use_v the_o same_o word_n in_o those_o place_n as_o in_o this_o since_o the_o commandment_n be_v the_o very_a same_o and_o for_o the_o other_o place_n he_o mention_n as_o isaiah_n 40.18_o 44.9_o 10_o 13._o i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o any_o man_n whether_o they_o do_v not_o far_o better_o prove_v that_o a_o idol_n in_o scripture_n be_v a_o image_n set_v up_o for_o worship_n than_o that_o by_o grave_a image_n be_v mean_v a_o heathen_a idol_n this_o i_o be_o certain_a of_o that_o pet._n picherellus_n a_o excellent_a critic_n 221._o and_o learned_a divine_a in_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v convince_v by_o compare_v of_o these_o place_n that_o the_o signification_n of_o a_o idol_n in_o the_o second_o commandment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o a_o grave_a image_n and_o that_o the_o use_v any_o outward_a sign_n of_o worship_n before_o any_o image_n be_v the_o thing_n forbid_v in_o this_o commandment_n 231._o and_o that_o the_o do_v so_o be_v that_o idolatry_n which_o god_n have_v threaten_v so_o severe_o to_o punish_v which_o i_o beseech_v t._n g._n and_o those_o of_o his_o church_n to_o consider_v and_o repent_v the_o second_o way_n i_o propose_v to_o find_v out_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o commandment_n be_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 14._o which_o i_o say_v the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n infinite_a and_o incomprehensible_a nature_n which_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v to_o man_n but_o in_o a_o way_n that_o must_v be_v a_o infinite_a disparagement_n to_o it_o for_o which_o i_o produce_v isaiah_n 40.19_o 20_o 21_o 22._o to_o who_o will_v you_o liken_v god_n or_o what_o likeness_n will_v you_o compare_v to_o he_o the_o workman_n melt_v a_o grave_a image_n and_o the_o goldsmith_n spread_v it_o over_o with_o gold_n etc._n etc._n have_v you_o not_o know_v have_v you_o not_o hear_v have_v it_o not_o be_v tell_v you_o from_o the_o beginning_n have_v you_o not_o understand_v from_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v he_o that_o sit_v upon_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n whence_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o this_o reason_n be_v give_v against_o heathen_a idol_n or_o those_o image_n which_o be_v worship_v for_o god_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o by_o this_o reason_n god_n do_v not_o declare_v that_o all_o worship_n give_v to_o he_o by_o any_o visible_a representation_n of_o he_o be_v extreme_o dishonourable_a to_o he_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n when_o this_o precept_n be_v enforce_v on_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n by_o a_o very_a particular_a caution_n 16._o take_v you_o therefore_o good_a heed_n to_o yourselves_o lest_o you_o corrupt_v yourselves_o and_o make_v you_o a_o grave_a image_n the_o similitude_n of_o any_o figure_n etc._n etc._n the_o ground_n of_o that_o caution_n be_v express_v in_o these_o word_n for_o you_o see_v no_o manner_n of_o similitude_n on_o the_o day_n that_o the_o lord_n speak_v unto_o you_o if_o the_o whole_a intention_n of_o the_o law_n have_v be_v only_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o worship_v the_o heathen_a idol_n or_o image_n for_o god_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o here_o mention_v that_o they_o see_v no_o similitude_n of_o god_n when_o he_o speak_v to_o they_o for_o although_o god_n appear_v with_o a_o similitude_n then_o yet_o there_o may_v have_v be_v great_a reason_n against_o worship_v the_o heathen_a idol_n or_o fix_v the_o intention_n of_o their_o worship_n on_o the_o bare_a image_n but_o this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a reason_n why_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v of_o honour_v god_n by_o a_o image_n for_o if_o he_o have_v judge_v that_o a_o suitable_a way_n of_o worship_n to_o his_o nature_n and_o excellency_n he_o will_v not_o have_v leave_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o similitude_n to_o themselves_o but_o will_v have_v appear_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o similitude_n as_o have_v best_a please_v he_o this_o discourse_n t.g._n say_v 58._o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o delude_v a_o vulgar_a auditory_a out_o of_o the_o pulpit_n i_o with_o their_o pulpit_n have_v never_o any_o worse_a before_o not_o vulgar_a auditory_n but_o altogether_o empty_a and_o insignificant_a when_o bring_v to_o the_o test_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v whether_o my_o reason_n or_o his_o answer_n will_v be_v find_v so_o however_o he_o say_v this_o do_v not_o prove_v it_o idolatry_n no_o that_o be_v very_o strange_a for_o if_o the_o image_n of_o god_n when_o worship_v be_v a_o idol_n and_o forbid_a as_o such_o in_o the_o commandment_n than_o i_o suppose_v the_o worship_n of_o it_o be_v idolatry_n but_o none_o so_o blind_a as_o they_o that_o will_v not_o see_v now_o for_o the_o terrible_a test_n of_o reason_n he_o say_v 1._o that_o all_o representation_n of_o god_n be_v not_o dishonourable_a to_o he_o and_o for_o that_o he_o produce_v a_o hieroglyphical_a picture_n of_o a_o three_o cornered_a light_n within_o a_o cloud_n 59_o and_o the_o name_n jehovah_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o a_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n by_o rob._n barker_n 1642._o from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n do_v not_o look_v on_o all_o visible_a representation_n as_o a_o infinite_a disparagement_n to_o god_n as_o though_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v concern_v in_o all_o the_o fancy_n of_o engraver_n in_o the_o frontispiece_n of_o book_n public_o allow_v he_o may_v better_o have_v prove_v that_o we_o worship_n jupiter_n ammon_n in_o our_o church_n
prolatum_fw-la &_o risu_fw-la dignum_fw-la 23._o inutile_fw-la &_o mendacio_fw-la plenum_fw-la dementissimum_fw-la &_o ratione_fw-la carens_fw-la deliramentum_fw-la errore_fw-la plenum_fw-la falsissimum_fw-la &_o risu_fw-la dignum_fw-la ridiculosissimum_fw-la dictum_fw-la superciliosè_fw-la &_o indoctè_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la when_o t._n g._n have_v consider_v these_o expression_n and_o the_o force_n and_o pungency_n of_o they_o be_v all_o apply_v to_o the_o father_n of_o that_o nicene_n synod_n by_o the_o western_a bishop_n under_o the_o name_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a he_o may_v possible_o cool_v and_o abate_v his_o rage_n towards_o i_o for_o use_v only_o that_o ironical_a expression_n of_o that_o wise_a synod_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o considerable_a say_v by_o the_o nicene_n father_n which_o be_v not_o answer_v in_o that_o book_n to_o who_o i_o may_v therefore_o better_o refer_v he_o than_o he_o do_v i_o to_o the_o answer_n of_o epiphanius_n in_o the_o nicene_n council_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o no_o less_o than_o eight_o argument_n as_o himself_o number_v they_o of_o the_o constantinopolitan_a father_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n but_o that_o he_o may_v not_o think_v the_o great_a weight_n lie_v in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v pass_v by_o i_o shall_v brief_o consider_v the_o defence_n he_o make_v for_o the_o nicene_n synod_n in_o the_o particular_n mention_v by_o he_o 1._o he_o say_v that_o the_o nicene_n father_n do_v just_o plead_v the_o continuance_n of_o christ_n kingdom_n against_o the_o idolatry_n of_o christian_n 125._o because_o god_n have_v promise_v that_o he_o will_v take_v away_o idol_n from_o the_o earth_n 13.2_o not_o for_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n but_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n i_o desire_v t._n g._n to_o consider_v whether_o this_o argument_n will_v not_o have_v hold_v as_o well_o against_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n who_o charge_v the_o arrian_n with_o idolatry_n and_o what_o answer_n he_o give_v himself_o about_o that_o will_v show_v the_o feebleness_n of_o his_o answer_n in_o this_o case_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n relate_v to_o event_n under_o the_o new_a suppose_v that_o do_v so_o which_o be_v far_o from_o be_v clear_a do_v certain_o show_v what_o the_o design_n and_o tendency_n of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n be_v and_o what_o will_v be_v if_o man_n do_v observe_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o the_o prophecy_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o world_n notwithstanding_o which_o we_o find_v the_o world_n at_o the_o old_a rate_n of_o quarrel_v and_o fight_v under_o new_a pretence_n just_o so_o it_o be_v with_o idolatry_n no_o doctrine_n in_o the_o world_n will_v preserve_v man_n more_o effectual_o from_o it_o if_o they_o will_v observe_v it_o but_o if_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o christianity_n they_o bring_v in_o only_o a_o new_a scheme_n of_o it_o it_o be_v still_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o thing_n although_o it_o appear_v in_o a_o fresh_a dress_n but_o then_o say_v t._n g._n the_o gate_n of_o hell_n will_v prevail_v against_o the_o church_n against_o what_o church_n the_o whole_a christian_a church_n whoever_o say_v they_o can_v or_o how_o do_v that_o follow_v the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n or_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n have_v not_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v too_o strong_a for_o they_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o gate_n of_o hell_n do_v certain_o prevail_v against_o that_o if_o it_o do_v unchurch_n all_o other_o christian_n that_o be_v not_o of_o its_o communion_n and_o why_o may_v not_o idolatry_n prevail_v where_o luciferian_a pride_n and_o hellish_a cruelty_n and_o desperate_a wickedness_n have_v long_o since_o prevail_v have_v christ_n make_v promise_n to_o secure_v that_o church_n from_o error_n which_o have_v be_v overrun_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o wickedness_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o her_o own_o member_n and_o friend_n these_o be_v gobbet_n fit_a only_a to_o be_v cram_v down_o the_o throat_n of_o very_a implicit_a believer_n 127._o 2._o he_o undertake_v to_o show_v that_o the_o say_n of_o the_o father_n against_o the_o arrian_n can_v reach_v to_o those_o that_o worship_v image_n because_o epiphanius_n say_v the_o arrian_n trust_v in_o christ_n and_o give_v proper_o divine_a honour_n to_o christ_n which_o they_o do_v not_o to_o the_o image_n of_o christ._n to_o answer_v this_o i_o show_v that_o aquinas_n and_o his_o follower_n do_v declare_v that_o latria_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n therefore_o this_o can_v not_o at_o least_o excuse_v they_o from_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o arrian_n and_o if_o their_o argument_n hold_v good_a than_o all_o that_o worship_v image_n fall_v under_o the_o like_a condemnation_n this_o he_o bestow_v the_o name_n of_o many_o fallacy_n upon_o 128._o and_o run_v on_o so_o brisk_o with_o show_v the_o inconsequence_n of_o it_o as_o though_o he_o do_v in_o earnest_n believe_v it_o be_v a_o impertinent_a answer_n by_o which_o he_o will_v insinuate_v that_o i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o aquinas_n his_o opinion_n to_o prove_v those_o guilty_a of_o idolatry_n which_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n no_o such_o matter_n for_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o say_n of_o the_o father_n concern_v the_o arrian_n idolatry_n can_v be_v just_o apply_v to_o those_o that_o worship_v image_n yes_o say_v i_o upon_o epiphanius_n his_o own_o ground_n they_o may_v if_o they_o who_o worship_v image_n give_v divine_a honour_n to_o they_o but_o aquinas_n and_o his_o follower_n contend_v that_o divine_a honour_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o fall_v under_o the_o like_a censure_n and_o by_o their_o argument_n all_o that_o worship_v image_n must_v come_v under_o it_o for_o either_o they_o worship_v image_n for_o themselves_o and_o then_o they_o all_o acknowledge_v it_o be_v idolatry_n or_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o exemplar_n which_o if_o it_o be_v the_o reason_n and_o object_n of_o worship_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o image_n it_o must_v have_v the_o same_o worship_n which_o the_o thing_n consider_v in_o its_o own_o be_v deserve_v which_o be_v divine_a honour_n that_o must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n but_o t._n g._n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o all_o this_o to_o depend_v upon_o their_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o because_o the_o nicene_n father_n be_v not_o mention_v by_o i_o as_o agree_v with_o aquinas_n therefore_o he_o represent_v this_o argue_v as_o ridiculous_a whereas_o my_o design_n be_v to_o show_v that_o since_o divine_a honour_n be_v give_v to_o image_n be_v confess_v to_o make_v the_o case_n alike_o that_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o most_o prevalent_a party_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o such_o honour_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o and_o that_o other_o do_v it_o although_o they_o will_v not_o own_o the_o do_v it_o and_o whether_o man_n acknowledge_v it_o or_o no_o if_o they_o give_v that_o which_o be_v real_o divine_a worship_n they_o become_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n as_o well_o as_o the_o arrian_n and_o let_v man_n call_v it_o by_o what_o name_n they_o will_v of_o relative_n or_o absolute_a sovereign_a or_o inferior_a worship_n if_o it_o be_v that_o which_o god_n have_v forbid_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n it_o become_v idolatry_n 3._o t._n g._n say_v 134._o that_o the_o argument_n do_v not_o hold_v that_o if_o the_o union_n of_o the_o divine_a and_o humane_a nature_n be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n then_o there_o must_v be_v a_o equal_a presence_n or_o union_n between_o christ_n and_o the_o image_n to_o make_v that_o a_o object_n of_o worship_n for_o say_v he_o not_o only_a union_n but_o representation_n may_v occasion_v worship_n who_o doubt_v of_o that_o but_o may_v it_o not_o as_o well_o occasion_n people_n to_o commit_v idolatry_n but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o representation_n may_v occasion_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n or_o no_o for_o so_o a_o ant_n or_o a_o fly_n or_o any_o creature_n may_v occasion_v it_o but_o this_o be_v notorious_a shuffle_n to_o talk_v of_o image_n be_v only_o a_o occasion_n of_o worship_n whereas_o i_o have_v at_o large_a show_v that_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o their_o church_n make_v they_o object_n of_o worship_n and_o since_o the_o christian_a church_n acknowledge_v the_o humanity_n of_o christ_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o worship_n only_o on_o the_o account_n of_o a_o hypostatical_a union_n with_o the_o divine_a nature_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o a_o mere_a image_n of_o that_o humane_a nature_n can_v be_v a_o object_n of_o lawful_a worship_n if_o t._n g._n say_v that_o the_o image_n be_v a_o fit_a object_n of_o worship_n and_o representation_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o let_v he_o show_v how_o representation_n come_v to_o be_v a_o equal_a reason_n with_o personal_a
his_o petition_n to_o it_o for_o a_o good_a office_n at_o court_n and_o observe_v that_o he_o do_v this_o frequent_o and_o with_o great_a gravity_n i_o be_o afraid_a they_o will_v hardly_o hold_v their_o countenance_n long_o to_o see_v such_o a_o solemn_a fop_n and_o yet_o this_o pleasant_a courtier_n may_v pretend_v that_o he_o do_v all_o this_o as_o imagine_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o present_a by_o representation_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o give_v this_o honour_n to_o the_o chair_n of_o state_n absolute_o consider_v as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n but_o only_o relative_o and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o master_n that_o he_o know_v better_a what_o belong_v to_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o sovereign_a worship_n than_o such_o rude_a fellow_n as_o they_o that_o his_o intention_n be_v to_o show_v what_o esteem_n he_o have_v for_o his_o prince_n by_o all_o this_o and_o though_o as_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o act_n this_o be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o chair_n of_o state_n after_o a_o inferior_a manner_n as_o a_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n and_o pure_o for_o his_o sake_n i_o leave_v the_o substantial_a yeoman_n of_o the_o guard_n t._n g's_o judge_n in_o this_o controversy_n to_o determine_v in_o a_o general_n council_n among_o they_o whether_o t._n g's_o quaker_n or_o this_o old_a courtier_n be_v the_o more_o ridiculous_a by_o which_o instance_n we_o see_v that_o even_o in_o prince_n court_n man_n may_v overact_v their_o reverence_n and_o make_v themselves_o laugh_v at_o for_o their_o foolish_a and_o extravagant_a relative_n worship_n for_o in_o all_o such_o case_n the_o rule_n of_o the_o court_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o there_o be_v no_o entrenchment_n upon_o divine_a law_n and_o every_o man_n that_o come_v to_o court_n inquire_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o court_n and_o he_o that_o keep_v within_o they_o do_v his_o duty_n and_o never_o fear_v the_o yeoman_n of_o the_o guard_n if_o the_o order_n of_o the_o court_n be_v for_o man_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o presence_n or_o other_o chamber_n without_o any_o ceremony_n will_v not_o the_o yeoman_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o observe_v those_o who_o use_v it_o their_o business_n be_v to_o observe_v order_n themselves_o and_o to_o see_v that_o other_o do_v it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n how_o this_o parallel_n can_v reach_v to_o our_o case_n all_o that_o we_o plead_v for_o be_v that_o the_o rule_n and_o order_n be_v observe_v which_o god_n have_v give_v we_o for_o his_o worship_n since_o he_o have_v give_v law_n we_o ought_v to_o obey_v they_o and_o since_o he_o have_v appoint_v what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v and_o what_o he_o will_v not_o we_o must_v follow_v his_o rule_n and_o not_o our_o own_o extravagant_a fancy_n pretend_v that_o we_o have_v pretty_a device_n to_o honour_v he_o with_o which_o he_o have_v express_o forbid_v in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v forbid_v or_o no_o but_o not_o where_o the_o whole_a matter_n depend_v on_o custom_n and_o general_a rule_n which_o every_o man_n may_v easy_o know_v and_o no_o one_o have_v any_o reason_n to_o be_v scrupulous_a as_o long_o as_o he_o keep_v within_o the_o measure_n of_o decency_n but_o withal_o the_o force_n of_o my_o question_n lie_v in_o the_o confession_n of_o our_o adversary_n who_o acknowledge_v on_o one_o side_n that_o if_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o prototype_n it_o be_v idolatry_n on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v distinct_a it_o be_v idolatry_n and_o then_o i_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o put_v this_o question_n because_o either_o way_n they_o be_v entangle_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o own_o party_n but_o as_o if_o yeoman_n of_o the_o guard_n shall_v be_v so_o senseless_a as_o some_o of_o they_o to_o tell_v a_o poor_a countryman_n when_o he_o be_v go_v through_o the_o presence_n chamber_n that_o if_o he_o give_v the_o chair_n of_o state_n the_o same_o honour_n he_o give_v the_o king_n he_o commit_v treason_n and_o other_o say_v if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o worship_v the_o chair_n for_o itself_o and_o so_o commit_v treason_n will_v not_o any_o man_n say_v the_o countryman_n have_v reason_n to_o stand_v and_o scratch_v his_o head_n and_o consider_v what_o he_o do_v for_o he_o do_v not_o care_n to_o commit_v treason_n and_o if_o he_o must_v do_v it_o one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v go_v some_o other_o way_n or_o be_v better_o resolve_v what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v thus_o in_o our_o case_n bellarmin_n say_v it_o be_v idolatry_n to_o give_v the_o same_o worship_n to_o a_o image_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n vasquez_n say_v it_o be_v idolatry_n to_o give_v distinct_a worship_n therefore_o if_o a_o man_n will_v avoid_v idolatry_n he_o must_v give_v none_o at_o all_o especial_o when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n at_o all_o of_o do_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o no_o case_n parallel_n with_o the_o difficulty_n about_o sight_n and_o motion_n which_o t._n g._n make_v use_n of_o 185_o to_o show_v that_o such_o subtlety_n ought_v not_o to_o hinder_v man_n from_o do_v thing_n not_o when_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v a_o doubtful_a case_n and_o so_o doubtful_a that_o their_o most_o learned_a man_n say_v there_o be_v danger_n of_o idolatry_n either_o way_n i_o do_v not_o know_v a_o more_o prudent_a consideration_n to_o keep_v a_o man_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o therefore_o t._n g._n after_o all_o his_o complaint_n of_o mix_v these_o school_n dispute_v 13._o and_o let_v i_o know_v what_o edgetool_n these_o school_n distinction_n be_v as_o any_o one_o may_v guess_v by_o his_o manner_n of_o handle_v they_o yet_o at_o last_o he_o resolve_v to_o venture_v upon_o clear_v the_o point_n 188._o 1._o he_o say_v the_o council_n declare_v in_o this_o matter_n that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o give_v latria_n to_o image_n or_o the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o god_n and_o this_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o absolute_a or_o relative_a latria_n 2._o he_o confess_v that_o s._n thomas_n and_o those_o of_o his_o way_n 189._o do_v hold_v that_o the_o same_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o christ_n and_o to_o his_o image_n can_v any_o two_o thing_n appear_v with_o a_o face_n of_o great_a opposition_n than_o these_o two_o but_o say_v t._n g._n latria_n be_v twofold_a one_o absolute_a 190._o and_o that_o be_v due_a to_o god_n himself_o and_o the_o other_o relative_a that_o may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n or_o rather_o in_o the_o same_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v a_o double_a notion_n the_o one_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o god_n himself_o which_o be_v absolute_a latria_n the_o other_o as_o it_o reflect_v on_o the_o image_n for_o his_o sake_n which_o be_v relative_a latria_n which_o distinction_n i_o have_v already_o examine_v and_o show_v the_o vanity_n of_o in_o several_a place_n and_o that_o there_o be_v many_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o hold_v absolute_a latria_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o relative_n latria_n any_o creature_n may_v be_v worship_v therefore_o i_o shall_v keep_v to_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o this_o place_n 1._o i_o say_v this_o distinction_n be_v just_a as_o if_o a_o unchaste_a wife_n shall_v plead_v to_o her_o husband_n that_o the_o person_n she_o be_v so_o kind_a with_o be_v extreme_o like_o he_o and_o a_o near_a friend_n of_o he_o that_o it_o be_v out_o of_o respect_n to_o he_o that_o she_o give_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o bed_n can_v any_o one_o think_v that_o such_o a_o excuse_n as_o this_o will_v be_v take_v by_o a_o jealous_a husband_n how_o much_o less_o will_v such_o pretence_n avail_v with_o that_o god_n who_o have_v declare_v himself_o particular_o jealous_a of_o his_o honour_n in_o this_o command_n above_o other_o and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v his_o glory_n to_o another_o but_o have_v reserve_v all_o divine_a worship_n as_o peculiar_a to_o himself_o and_o no_o such_o fond_a excuse_n of_o relative_n inferior_a and_o improper_a worship_n will_v serve_v when_o they_o encroach_v upon_o his_o prerogative_n to_o this_o t._n g._n answer_n that_o the_o object_n of_o jealousy_n be_v a_o rival_n 180._o or_o what_o have_v relation_n to_o or_o union_n with_o he_o not_o what_o may_v serve_v to_o express_v affection_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v love_v but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v from_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o own_o writer_n and_o