consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opinion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to bespared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbum Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be lest by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Gloge his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Pance being
injury Here we see the use of treaty and still-stand or truce ordained of Policy that every man may presse to winne his owne aymes The Souldiers that in six weekes before were wounding and killing one another are now coming and discoursing together as friends where I did remarke and observe that it is much easier to be reconciled with an enemy then to conquer him Now in time of these still-stands by discourse they presse to finde out one anothers actions and to observe one anothers faults and excursions treasuring up against the day of advantage for the confounding of one another at their first out-falling and like the Crocodile they slime one anothers way to make one another fall coming in occasions againe and therefore it was the answere that Seneca gave unto himselfe when he asked Quid est homini inimicissimum he answered Alter homo Our enemies studies are the plots of our ruine leaving nothing unattempted which may induce our dammage and the danger is ever most when we see it not Yet I thinke he that can be a worthy enemy can reconciled be a worthy friend and he that in a just cause can fight against us can likewise in the like cause being reconciled fight with us and if he be unworthy reconcile him too if it were but to be freed of his scandalous tongue and that also will be worth thy labour and he that upon good termes refuseth reconcilement may be stubborne but not valiant nor wise for he that wilfully continues an enemy teacheth his enemy to do him a mischiefe if he can and that endeavour is well spent that unmaskes an enemy or makes a friend for as the one begets a treasure the other it may be raiseth a siege and that man is wise that is kinde to his friends and sharpe to his enemies but he is wiser that can entertaine his friends in love and make his enemies like them as our Nation did here at Trailesound in keeping their Masters love to the best for their loyalty and in making their enemies thinke well of them and love them for their brave carriage and valour Likewise I did observe here the benefit that ariseth to a Kingdome City or State through a good Government and what a blessing it was to a Towne perplexed as this was to get a good wise vertuous and valiant Governour in time of their greatest trouble which shewes that we are govern'd by a power above us for oftimes that which we desire or feare doth seldome happen This City having feared the Emperours tyranny to come over them desired the King of Denmark as their protector yet God by his providence gave them another to wit the invincible King of Sweden who provided them an able Governour in their greatest neede to wit Sr. Alexander Lesly who immediatly after his entry tooke the command upon him keeping both the Dane their Souldiers and the Burgars under his command and direction as worthy of his authority flowing from the King his Master of most famous and of never dying memory it faring then with Trailesound as with Sara she became fruitfull when she could not believe it and they became flourishing having gotten a Scots Governour to protect them whom they looked not for which was a good Omen unto them to get a Governour of the Nation that was never conquered which made them the onely Towne in Germany free as yet from the Emperiall yoake by the valour of our Nation that defended their City in their greatest danger To conclude then for the love I beare to the Crowne that doth protect them knowing their dispositions by experience to be froward factious and proud having as yet some Wolves amongst them that the folde may be quiet let the factious heads be made higher by a pole than their bodies cutting off the tumultuous whereby their Governour by a majesticke awe may keepe the rest in a strict subjection lest slacknesse and connivence may undermine an unsetled Government for it is no crueltie to denie false men libertie that are so infected though there be some honest men amongst them let them serve their Governour and let him beare the sway as becomes the dignitie of the place that having once wonne the field he may be sure to keepe it for though I hate the evill people for their former unthankfulnesse to our Souldiers and Nation yet the love I beare to their Protector and Governour makes me thus plaine whose happinesse I wish to endure while there remaineth a stone in the Citie and his fame eternally The nineteenth Dutie discharged of the out-fall made by Spynies Regiment and of their Retreate made good by Captaine Mac-Kenyee THE treatie dissolved the new supply being come out of Denmarke Sir Alexander Leslie being made Governour he resolved for the credit of his Country-men to make an out-fall upon the Enemy and desirous to conferre the credit on his owne Nation alone being his first Essay in that Citie And therefore made choice of Spynies Regiment being their first service to make the out-fall ordaining Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the remainder of our Regiment in the Lievetenant Colonell his absence to second them for making good of their retreate My Lord Spynie being present with his Regiment consisting of brave and valourous Officers being all worthy Cavaliers of noble descent and of good families having action valour and breeding answerable to their charges they were desirous to gaine honour and credit against a powerfull enemy with whom they were to be ingaged they went on with boldnesse and confident resolution and falling into the enemies workes they forced the enemy to retire and to give ground even to the body of their Armie And delighting in the shedding of their enemies bloud who had shed so much of their Country bloud before they pursued them hard following them unto their maine reserve or battell where they seazed on their Cannon but the enemy being too strong and his forces still augmenting they were made to retire with the losse of some brave Cavaliers especially the losse of Sir Iohn Hume of Aiton the first Captaine of the Regiment who after many bloudy wounds received was taken prisoner being a brave resolute Cavalier of good carriage and moderation in all his actions who after died of his wounds with the enemy being a prisoner long and was much lamented of all that knew him Here also was killed the valourous Captaine Mac-Donald who in valour succeeded his worthy predecessors for with his owne hands as is credibly reported he killed with his sword five of his enemies before he was kill'd himselfe Divers also of these Officers were hurt as Capt Lundesey of Bainsho who received three dangerous wounds Lievetenant Pringle who was hurt also and divers more they being made to retire their powder being spent to make their retreate good falls up Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the old Scottish blades of our Regiment to suppresse the enemies fury they keeping faces to their enemies while their Camerades were retiring the
from the enemy in making them give ground he possessed the mill on the other side of the passe till the rest of the commanded Musketiers did follow the enemy to the Castle where Kniphowsen with his Forces did advance the passe being free His Majestie having given Orders where the Batteries should be made giving Generall Banier charge to attend the Armie as it begunne to grow darke his Majestie accompanied by Colonell Tivell went to appoint the place where the approaches should beginne where the Guards should be kept that were to guard the workmen in case of an out-fall where presently both the Guards and the men that should worke were commanded forth with sufficient Officers to oversee them Likewise there were men commanded from every Regiment proportionably for making the Batteries and a strong Guard was appointed to guard the Cannon against an out-fall others were commanded from every Regiment to make more Cannon Baskets and the Furiers with Convoyes were ordained to returne to Letts for bringing of Proviant to every Regiment This all orderly done he that had meate in his Knapsacke being free of dutie could invite his Camerade to supper and make merry till he were commanded on dutie himselfe where divers did eate that were not sicke on the morrow The enemy perceiving the next morning the Guards by the approaches saluted them with Cannon and Musket and were saluted againe though not so kindly as friends doe one another The service continued the whole day his Majestie oft visiting the Castle being hardest prest as of most consequence for the Castle once wonne the Towne could not hold out Vpon the Castle were seaven Companies of Colonell Holks Regiment who fearing to be blowne up by a Mine entred in treatie and were content to take service under his Majestie and to render their Colours which immediatly was agreed upon and their Colours brought to be planted and spred on our Batteries as tokens of his Majesties victory The Cannon in the meane time from our Batteries thundring till night on their workes they begunne to be discouraged finding the Castle was given over they were out of hopes to maintaine the Towne longer The next morning Captaine Beaton of our Regiment having the guard in the Trenches the enemy falling out strong the Dutch retired and gave ground while our folke maintained their Poast valiantly in sight of his Majesty who commanded Generall Bannier with some Musketiers of Here-Tyvells Regiment and ours led on by Major Potley an English Cavalier of good worth to second the Guards and to beate backe the enemy in plaine champagne Generall Bannier advanced the enemy playing hard with cannon on them Notwithstanding whereof entering the skirmish the enemy was beate backe not without great losse on both sides where I cannot but commend Bannier his carriage being in sight of his King as his Majesty did commend our Nation for their good behaviour and charity for a Captaine of Banniers Regiment being left for dead on the field his countrimen for feare refusing to bring him off he was voluntarily brought off by our countrimen to their great praise who after disdaining his Camerades and thanking our countrimen he died of paine and agony before night After this show made of courage by the besieged they being discouraged desired a Parle where Major Greeneland an English Cavalier then serving the Emperour was sent out to make the accord with his Majesty pledges delivered by both the accord agreed on was subscribed where it was concluded the Governour should march out with flying Colours and Armes and with two peeces of Ordinance with bâ—g and baggage and a convoy to the next Emperiall Garrison providing the Governour should leave behinde him all cannon being threescore peeces of Brasse all store of Amunition and victuall and all spare Armes and to march forth precisely the next day by twelve of the clocke But had the Governour the Duke of Savellie bin so valorous as those he commanded he might in respect of the season situation of the Towne have kept the City a moneth longer so that to our Iudgments he was no good Souldier knowing his Generall was able to relieve him The enemy thus march't away and his Majesty having beset the Garrison heareing Generall Tylly with a strong Army had taken resolution to visit his Majesty in Maclenburgh he stood not long on advisement but out of hand disposed of his Army couragiously wisely and circumspectly as the event did witnesse his Majesties good command an resolution Damaine beset with Swedens Generall Bannier was ordained to stay there for to command the Garrison and to keepe correspondence with his Majesties and with others in case of Tyllies coming Generall Major Kniphowsen was sent with his owne Regiment and six companies of my Lord of Rhees commanded by his Lievetenant Colonell Bainshâ—w to lie at new Brandenburg Major Sinclair with two companies was ordained to lie at Triptowe the Grave Fonottenburg with his Majesties Regiment of horse and my squadron of Foote was appointed to lie at Malchene his Majesty himselfe with the rest of the Army were to lie at Pooswell being the passe unto Pomeren and to the Oder Felt-marshall Horne being recall'd with his forces from Landsberg was ordained to lie at Freedland all having their instructions and orders in writ which they durst not passe one jot to th' end that where ever Tyllies Army would settle the rest of our Army from the severall Garrisons should come together to relieve the party besieged if his Majesty thought fitting So leaving Damaine having lost three hundred men before it our march houlds out according to our severall orders and instructions The fifth Observation ALL things were atchieved unto here by the goodnesse of a glorious order being seconded with skilfull and valorous Officers and Souldiers obedient even unto death every one by revolution keeping his certaine time and turne and that with strictnesse each being greedy of their owne honour and advancement under this noble King and Generall who liked of no wicked Souldier living out of compasse and rule such as were birds of the Divells hatching all such were banished from this Army that was led by Pious and religious Gustavus of never dying memory who could not abide any that would profaine Gods ordinance or that refused to give obedience to good orders Here at Letts before our rising to Dameine I could not but pitty though an enemy the Italian Governour that commanded in Letts who suffered himselfe the place and his followers to be surprised knowing of the Armies approach for we see by his example that goods evill conquest with great paines are soone lost going away with wings swifter then the winde whereof Histories are full of examples to which purpose I will inferre one story I have reade of Hugolene Gerrardesque Depise as records Paulus Aemilius in the eighth booke of the French story This Hugolene being a Commander for the Pope over the Guelfes having chased a part of the Gibelins
all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntter and desired him to put on a light corseles with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiers besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame of before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting all Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead on shoulder to shoulder Colonell Lumsdell and I fortunately without hurt enter the Port where at our entry some I know received their rest and the enemy forced to retire in confusion being astonished at our entry they had neither wit nor courage as to let downe the Portcullis of the great Port behinde them so that we entering the streets at their heeles we made a stand till the body of our Pikes were drawne up orderly and flancked with Musketiers and then wee advanced our Pikes charged and our Musketiers giving fire on the flancks till the enemy was put in disorder After us entred Generall Banier with a fresh body of Musketiers he following the enemy in one street and Lumsdell and I in another having rancountred the enemy againe they being well beaten our Officers tooke nine Colours of theirs which were to be presented to his Majestic and the most part of the Souldiers were cut off in revenge of their crueltie used at New Brandenburg but some of their Officers got quarters such as they had given to ours This Regiment defeated wee directed an Officer with a strong partie to possesse the bridge and that to hinder their escape their passage being cut off they were also cut downe themselves till the streets were full of dead bodies and that the most part of our Souldiers and Officers disbanded to make bootie leaving me and a few number of honest Souldiers to guard my Colours which disorder I confesse stood not in my power to remedie Thus farre for Lumsdells part and mine which I dare maintaine to be truth And as I have spoken truth of our owne Actions without ostentation which no man can controlle that is friend to vertue I will now relate other mens Actions so farre as I know to be truth by relation of my honest Camerades Lievetenant Colonell Musten being appointed to command the Musketiers of Lumsdells Regiment and of my Colonells then under my command he seeing us entred did follow after us and commanded those he led on execution apart giving no better Quarters than we did The Dutch also remembring the enemies crueltie used at Brandenburg they gave but slight Quarters Major Iohn Sinclaire as I was credibly informed being accompanied with Lievenant George Heatly being both resolute and stout were the first that came over the walles with ladders who at their first entry having but a few Musketiers with them they were charged on the streets by the enemies Curassiers or best horsemen where they were forced to stand close their backs to the wall where they entred and to give severall Salves of Muskets upon the enemy till they were made to retire Likewise after we were entred the yellow and the blew Briggads being esteemed of all the Army both resolute and couragious in all their exploits they were to enter on the Irish quarter where they were twice with great losse furiously beaten off and were cruelly spoyled with fire-workes throwne by the Irish amongst them But at last they having entred notwithstanding the inequality of their strength the Irish though weake stood to it and fought with sword and pikes within workes a long time till the most part of the Souldiers fell to ground where they stoode fighting so that in the end Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler who commanded the Irish being shot in the arme and pierced with a pike through the thigh was taken prisoner so that the next day it was to be seene on the poast where the best service was done and truely had all the rest stood so well to it as the Irish did we had returned with great losse and without victory The fury past the whole streete being full of Coaches and rusty waggons richly furnished withall sorts of riches as Plate Iewells Gold Money Clothes Mulets and horses for saddle coach and waggons whereof all men that
Circles of the Empire to offer to joyne with his Majestie in confederacy having seene the appearance of the strong partie his Majestie could make being assured of the friendship and concurrence of great Britaine they were both graciously accepted of and so much the more that they were the first did hazard with a private Convoy to come to his Majestie through their enemies for which his Majestie did thanke them who the next day were dispatched to returne for advanceing of the cause in doing his Majestie good service by collecting of more forces as they did soone after They being gone the twenty-two of Inly Generall Tilly with his mightie Armie did present himselfe before our Leaguer about two of the clocke in the after-noone and begun to salute us with thirty-two pieces of great Ordnance of their carriage discharging through and through our Leaguer till he made us to draw to our Armes and stand in Battaile horse and foote under the walles which did shelter us from his Cannon where we stood till night looking for his on-falling requiting and honouring him now and then with interchange of Cannon-Bullets till it begun to grow darke that he retired his Cannon to the body of his Armie having lyen all night in Battaile without being intrencht though strongly fortified without him with strong Guards both of horse and foote having his Crabbats and Dragoniers without them againe His Majestie having commanded out strong Horse-guards to watch without the Leaguer I was commanded as least worthy of a thousand that night to watch without the Leaguer with five hundred commanded Musketiers which were ordained to lye in readinesse betwixt the enemies Armie and the Leaguer almost a Cannon-shot from our workes getting orders from his Majestie himselfe how I should keepe good watch and how to behave my selfe in case of the enemies pursute and being come the length of the ground appointed for me to watch on having consolidated the body of my Musketiers in the safest ground I could finde for them to stand on their Armes rested and in readinesse First I caused set out my Perdues without my other Centries not trusting the giving of an Alarum altogether to our horse Centries and then to the end the enemy might not surprize us being sleeping I ordained the halfe of our Musketiers to stand for two houres in readinesse till the Centries were relieved and then I suffered the other halfe to rest them so long as the other did before and thus orderly wee past over the nights watch having had sundry naughtie Alarums in the night without continuance Our dutie was to be the more strict having received command of his Majestie not to quit that ground except the enemy by greatnesse of strength would beate me from it and then I should retire orderly skirmishing with the enemy our faces to them still and our Armes giving fire on them till we came under our walles so that by that meanes the Leaguer would get time to be in readinesse to receive them By the breake of day friend to valour and courage the enemies Horse-guards begun to skirmish with ours who being stronger made our Horsemen to give ground the Commander of the Watch sent to me for a supply of fiftie Musketiers which I accordingly did send with a Lievetenant giving him charge how to behave himselfe who having a little skirmished with the enemies Dragoniers and Horsemen was made to give ground also and having commanded out a Captaine with fiftie Musketiers more he was also repulsed I wondring at their carriage advanced to recognosce the bounds they were on and spying an advantage of ground I tooke out a hundred Musketiers giving a Captaine charge to remaine by the remnant of my Musketiers and putting a hedge betwixt us and the enemy we advanced till we were in even line with them and then giving a Salve amongst them incontinent we made the enemy retire so that our Horsemen did advance to their former stations His Majestie having heard the service ordained the Armie should be in readinesse and coming forth from the Leaguer accompanied with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish and Baron Tyvell where his Majestie begun to enquire of me how all passed which accordingly I related But though his Majestie was pleased yet he checked me for leaving of the Reserve to another when I went on service which I confesse was more suddenly done than wisely and ever after I promised to his Majestie to avoide the like over-sight though it succeeded well His Majestie incontinent since they had tryed his guards he would also try in earnest what for Officers and Souldiers they did command and to that effect his Majestie sent Orders to the Leaguer to command out eight hundred Horsemen of Hagapells and a thousand Musketiers with foure small Field-pieces of Cannon with the five hundred Musketiers I commanded on the Poste which all being set in order his Majestie directed the Colonell of his Leefe Regiment Here Tyvell to leade on the foote towards a Dorpe that lay neere the enemies Armie and his Majestie with Generall Lievetenant Bawtish commanded the Horse taking the Cannon along with them and comming neare the enemies Guards consisting of a thousand Currassiers having given fire with the Cannon amongst them they charged furiously with the Horse in middest of the enemy and putting them in disorder they cut them downe from their Horses as they retired at the spurres being still followed unto the body of their Armie And our Musketiers falling up alike discharging amongst them the enemy at first in great feare was almost put in confusion the most part of their Horsemen being abroad on Forrage their Guards did stand to their Armes till the Armie was drawne in Battaile and their Horse spanned or put before their Cannon during which time our Souldiers continued in giving fire amongst them till his Majestie did give orders for our Retreate which we softly made giving now and then faces about skirmishing with Cannon and Musket and then retiring againe orderly being pressed thereto by their Cannon giving fire after us and their Horsemen calling up ours in our Reare till at last we being retired the length of my Poste our Cannon being able to reach them they were made to make a stand and I was ordained with my Musketiers to remain on our former Poste his Majestie and the rest of the partie being retired within the Leaguer Incontinent from our Batteries our Cannon did play againe within the Leaguer which continued the whole day doing great hurt on both sides where the whole time I with my partie did lie on our Poste as betwixt the Devill and the deepe Sea for sometimes our owne Cannon would light short and grase over us and so did the enemies also where we had three shot with the Cannon till I directed an Officer to our owne Batteries acquainting them with our hurt and desiring they should stell or plant their Cannon higher In the morning also we lost on the skirmish thirteene Souldiers besides
in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that scarce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Except the LORD watch the watch-man watchethin vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindow under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that were made Earles by the Emperour from Marchants having turn'd Souldiers to serve his Emperiall Majestie which Graveshaft or Earledome could pay yearely beside Contribution to the warres ten thousand Rex-Dollers being a good augmentation of pay for an old servant who had served long and valourously without the least blot of discredit and retired bravely with meanes and credit to his Country carrying the markes of his valour in his body being above the waste full of tokens of valour credibly gotten in his Masters service for as he was couragious before his enemy he was also fortunate in his Conduct in obtaining victory beyond his fellowes and being often singled out man to man to make his courage the more undoubted he alwayes gave testimony in this kinde of his valour answerable to the externall shew and hansome frame of his body being in personage inferiour to no man for strength and comely stature His Majesty continuing his March towards Engolstat coming within sight of the Towne he drew his Armie in Battaile horse foote and Artillery where we stood the whole night at Armes The next day drawing neerer to the enemies Armie being incamped before us Ex opposito on the other side of the Danube ready to second the Towne on all occasions which his Majestie considering gave order to draw out our Leaguer and to set men to worke after we were quartered where for our welcome the enemy from the Towne did salute us furiously with Cannon so that at first the head was shot from the young Markgrave of Baden and his Majestie recognosceing the legge was shot from his Horse divers others were also here lamed by the Cannon The night drawing on his Majestie expecting a strong out-fall from the Towne their Armie being so neere our Briggad according to custome was commanded to march and to stand the whole night in Armes on a razed Champaigne under mercie of Cannon and musket being ordained in case of the enemies out-fall by fighting to hold them up till our Armie might be in readinesse to relieve us being in Aprill though the aire was cold the service being hot sundrie were taken away in full rancks with the Cannon being in no action our selves but standing ready to maintaine our ground in case the enemie should pursue us which to my minde was the longest night in the yeare though in Aprill for at one shot I lost twelvemen of my owne Companie not knowing what became of them being all taken alike with the Cannon and he that was not this night in this stand afraid of a Cannon bullet might in my opinion the next night be made gunpowder of without paine and who would sweare he was not afrighted for a shot I would not trust him againe though he spake truth His Majestie in the beginning of the night commanded a thousand Swedens being Musketiers led by sufficient Officers in his Majesties owne presence to fall on the Skonce before the bridge which was beset with fifteene hundred foote and five hundred horse lying open on the side that lay next the Towne that if the enemie should storme and enter he might be clensed outagaine with Cannon and musket from the Towne wall notwithstanding whereof the Swedens bravely advanced even to the graffe being ready to storme they were plagued with the musket and with fire-workes that leaving three hundred men killed about the Skonce they were forced to retire the enemy continuing a thunder-clap of Muskets for one halfe houre till they were fully retired His Majestic finding nothing could be effectuate in this manner retired with the Musketiers leaving us and our Briggad in the former stand to attend the enemies out-coming
though the world should turne to nothing Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Children seeing her baninished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person to get her restored bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey fortune having crossed him abroad yet for all this this Magnanimous King was not dejected but with a couragious resolution makes use of the time retiring to one corner of his Kingdome to prevent the losse of the whole being naturally fortified with a broad graffe as the Isle of Britaine being strong of shipping having his Majestie of Britaine to friend and the Estates of the united Provinces he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did By this example we may see what advantage our Soveraigne the Kings Majestie of great Britaine hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe through the scituation of his Dominions being mightie in power of men shipping and money is able to make warre abroad where he pleaseth and to make a safe Retreat when he pleaseth being Master at Sea as he can easily be terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad and a strong Armie at Sea he can offend whom he will and retire when he list forcing all Europe to be in feare of him and his Majestie in feare of none but of the King of Kings The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie his Children and Subjects from the power of forraigne enemies and I wish a great part of my friends and Country-men were so farre addicted to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia and her Royall Issue as I am the warres then should never end till they were restored and I avenged of my friends bloud and mine owne shed in the quarrell Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection in preventing the Emperialists in coming by water unto his Kingdome having beset all Finland with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote which kept strong guards and good watch by night and by day at such places on the Coast as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting till in the end the enemy was forced to retire his Armie leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes which lay on the Coast which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did often visite to their great hurt with strong parties retiring againe having done his exployt at his pleasure in safetie This Magnanimous King to my knowledge deserved to have been worthily thought of and well spoken of for his noble enterprizing of the warre being Leader and Generall in so good a cause And though the successe was not answerable I dare be bold to affirme it was none of his Majesties fault for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it Neverthelesse there are alwayes some Cynicks that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings without reason where we may see that no man no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the malevolent tongue Therefore it is good to doe well and then we need not care what is said except the sayer put his name to his assertion and then he may be made to foote his Boule in maintaining of it or unworthily to refuse it Here also I did observe that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare for having once imagined the enemies over-coming he was never fully setled till he was safe a ship-board And therefore I did see at this time that verified that when man distrusteth God it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe for after our Retreat being on the Roade the Generall being thronged in his owne Ship could not command a Ship to transport his servants till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service which should teach all men in Authoritie while they have command to command with discretion lest the wheele should turne and then they should be beholding to those whom before they commanded Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded and it may be sooner than they thought for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service the next day I being a Ship-board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners robbed both of Cloaths and money and kept long in bondage being forced to serve against their Conscience such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts and the love of beasts to their Masters as worth the noting to confirme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians and men of one profession my brother Obstell of worthy memory had a Horse of our owne Country-breed that was so familiarly acquainted with his Souldiers and with the noise and touch of Drumme that the whole day on our march when his Master went a foote he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company halting when they halted and moving when they moved fast or slow Another Horse I left that being in Wismer Leager having rode out one day to a wood halfe a mile from the Leager to cause to cut timber leaving my Horse standing alone and my Cloake on my Saddle a Rutter coming by unknowne to me and my fellowes steales my Horse away who finding himselfe in strangers hands skips loose and runs to our Leager being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horsemen out-runs them all unto the trenches and running through the Leager stands before my Tent my Camerades wondering what became of mee thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen come and make search for me and finding me tell me of my Horse These beasts I have remembred for their love for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse fidelitie and bountie of some Horses whereof I have formerly read Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed We reade of the Numidians that were so much redoubted of the Romanes that in their warres they would at spurres runne their Horses in middest of their enemies without a bridle to governe them In the Battaile of Cannes Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile to looke more narrowly to the place a Romane Knight halfe dead hearing the noise of people lifted up his head of purpose to have spokē but his voice failing died with the last gaspe by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse who knowing his Master begun to move his eares to bray and to leape and rebound with such fury till he casts the Numidian to ground runnes through the dead bodies and stands before his dead Master and leaning
downe his necke and shoulders sheweth the desire he had that his Master should leape on him to the great astonishment of Hanniball and his followers We reade also in the warres of Germanie in the yeare 1176 the Dukes of Saxon forced by Armes to submit themselves to the Emperour Henry the fourth giving the Emperour for pledges of their fidelitie two yong Princes Sonnes to a Marquesse which were carefully kept in a Castle that was very strong the Captaine whereof moved by Compassion and wonne by some presents suffered them sometimes to goe abroad to take the ayre and to ride their Horses thereabout The Captaine going a hunting takes these young youths with him the prey found and hunted shee is followed by all not thinking of any other thing The youths spurring hard out of sight follow their course till they come to the River of the Maine where they request a Fisherman to transport them in his little Cane or Boate to Mentz offering him their little scarlet Cloakes for pay The Fisherman helpes them from their Horses and takes them in his Boate and rowes downe the River their Horses swimming after them to Mentz where they and their Horses were graciously welcomed Plinie writes that Horses wept at their Masters deaths and it is recorded that the Horse of Caesar wept foretelling his Masters death and I perswade my selfe the gentle Reader could adde somewhat to this purpose if he listed but thus farre to animate Christians to love respect and cherish their Camerades and not to kill and backbite them as too many are too ready to detract from others to adde to themselves a wrong way for honour is compared well to a chaste Maide that will never love them who would ravish her but being courted shee may be moved Here I must not forget that dutie I owe to the remembrance of that worthy young Gentleman Arthur Forbesse Sonne to a worthy Cavalier of famous memory Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse being a worthy valourous sonne descended of a valiant Father This young Gentleman being deadly wounded on service and with hazard brought unto our Ship within two dayes dyed Likewise a Gentleman borne in the Isles of Scotland called Alexander Mac-Worche being wounded in the head and shot in the arme the enemies Horsemen shooting at him with Pistols he leapes from the shoare with his cloathes on notwithstanding those wounds and swimmes to my Cosen Captaine Monro his Boate and being brought in died the next day and was much lamented for of his Camerades as a Gentleman of great hope I did also observe here the inconvenience that happens to many brave Officers and Souldiers given to plundering gathering together a little bootie for spending which brings them commonly into their enemies hands their punishment being farre more grievous than their purchase was delightfull and yet I thinke the Guilt is worse than the punishment To which purpose I will onely here inferre one Story A Pythagorian bought a paire of shooes upon trust the shooe-maker dyes the Philosopher is glad and thinks them gaine but a while after his Conscience touches him and becomes a perpetuall chider he repaires to the house of the dead casts in his money with these words There take thy due thou livest to me though dead to all besides Certainly in my opinion ill gotten gaines are farre worse than losses with preserved honestie These grieve but once the others are continually grating upon our quiet and he diminishes his owne contentment that would adde unto it by unlawfulnesse for looking onely to the beginning he thinkes not of the end But in my opinion if plundering or making of bootie at any time be excusable for a Souldier it is onely in respect of the circumstances Our friends being forced to quit their Countrey and their goods to their enemies before it should inrich the enemy it were not amisse to take it or destroy it either with fire or water before it were profitable to our enemies and in this point onely I doe allow of this bootie making providing it doe not hinder men from the discharge of their duties in time and place otherwise our best goods being impediments to the discharge of our honest dutie in our calling are to be throwne away And for mine owne part a few bookes left by my friends which mine enemy might have burnt was all the bootie that ever I made neither doe I repent me of my neglect in this point having seene many make bootie who had never the happinesse to enjoy it long His Majesties care in fore-seeing the safetie of Denmarke merits praise for by the preservation of Denmarke his Majestie like a skilfull Gamester recovered againe all that he lost Therefore we ought never to grieve for any thing past but for sinne and for that alwayes And he spake well that said He that hath himselfe hath lost nothing The eight Dutie discharged of our Quartring and Mustring in Fune and of the Colonels going for a Recreute unto Scotland HAving happily arrived in Denmarke at Assens in Funland our Colonell goes a shoare to understand of his Majesties will and command and being graciously welcomed is made to dine at his Majesties Table after dinner his Majestie discharging then the dutie of a Generall Quarter-Master who wrote with his own hand the names of the dorpes ordained for our Quarters as also did appoint a faire Hoffe to receive all our wounded and sicke men where they were to be entertained together till they were cured and to that effect his Majestie graciously ordained skilfull Chirurgians diligently to attend them being an hundred and fiftie besides Officers then we got orders to land the Regiment and to draw up in a convenient part till our sicke and wounded were first directed to quarters and then to appoint our Watch viz. two Companies to watch at Assens then having gotten Waggons for transporting of our Colonels baggage and spare Armes the severall Companies Quarters dealt out the Furriers sent before to divide the Quarters every Company led by their owne guids we marched off severally by Companies as our severall wayes did lie unto our Quarters where we had rest for our former toyle and good entertainment for our spare dyet so that in a short time we were all sufficiently refreshed without feare of an enemy Neverthelesse our Watches were duely and orderly kept and relieved by course every second night then Orders were given by the Commissaries to give in our Rolles for mustering of us that his Majestie might know what losse we had sustained on service and that those that served well might be rewarded we mustered sicke and whole neere nine hundred men under Armes besides Officers having lost on service foure hundred men that were killed in the place and taken in our retreate Before our coming to muster Newes was come to his Majestie of the losse of the Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten Stathoulder Ransowe his chiefe residence where Major Dumbarre did command and was killed The particulars of