Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	wonderful_a	word_n	world_n	18	3	3.8895	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57681	The Abyssinian philosophy confuted, or, Tellvris theoria neither sacred not agreeable to reason being for the most part a translation of Petrus Ramazzini, Of the wonderful springs of Modena : illustrated with many curious remarks and experiments by the author and translator : to which is added a new hypothesis deduced from Scripture and the observation of nature : with an addition of some miscellany experiments / by Robert St. Clair ...; Defontium Mutinènsium admiranda scaturgine tractatus physico-hydrostaticis. English	Ramazzini, Bernardino, 1633-1714.; St. Clair, Robert N.	1697 (1697)	Wing R199; ESTC R3670	79,203	302

and_o wide_a place_n form_v by_o the_o mountain_n hang_v over_o they_o then_o although_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o some_o place_n river_n of_o great_a bigness_n flow_v under_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o believe_v that_o in_o this_o great_a plain_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o subterraneous_a cavity_n and_o that_o field_n of_o so_o great_a a_o largeness_n can_v stand_v without_o ruin_n for_o so_o long_a time_n i_o must_v add_v moreover_o that_o the_o depth_n of_o this_o river_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v small_a because_o nature_n build_v all_o her_o cave_n and_o subterraneous_a passage_n archwise_o which_o all_o must_v have_v a_o depth_n proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n otherwise_o they_o lose_v their_o force_n and_o common_o they_o be_v of_o a_o circular_a figure_n or_o come_v near_o to_o it_o i._n e._n as_o deep_a as_o they_o be_v broad_a which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v at_o least_o 4_o mile_n ☜_o but_o this_o cavity_n be_v of_o no_o depth_n almost_o yea_o but_o a_o few_o foot_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o the_o auger_n have_v make_v in_o bore_v for_o pass_v a_o iron_n rod_n throw_v the_o hole_n the_o bottom_n be_v present_o find_v as_o i_o have_v often_o try_v with_o other_o that_o have_v be_v with_o i_o moreover_o see_v the_o digger_n in_o the_o very_a terebration_n often_o fall_v on_o stock_n of_o tree_n as_o myself_o have_v often_o observe_v we_o must_v confess_v therefore_o that_o these_o tree_n have_v be_v before_o in_o open_a air_n and_o see_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o well_n be_v often_o find_v bone_n coal_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o believe_v that_o people_n have_v former_o live_v on_o that_o ground_n or_o we_o must_v think_v that_o this_o great_a river_n at_o that_o time_n have_v a_o cover_n of_o 6_o or_o 8_o foot_n and_o that_o this_o our_o plain_n do_v afterward_o grow_v high_a by_o the_o daily_a descent_n of_o water_n from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o pare_n off_o of_o the_o upper_a ground_n but_o the_o above_o mention_v difficulty_n do_v still_o occur_v but_o let_v we_o suppose_v this_o great_a river_n run_v this_o way_n and_o that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v suffer_v a_o bridge_n from_o whence_o i_o pray_v come_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o water_n to_o fill_v this_o great_a cavity_n which_o we_o must_v always_o suppose_v to_o be_v full_a to_o make_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o well_n see_v to_o sustain_v the_o royal_a dignity_n of_o the_o po_n scarce_o so_o many_o river_n run_v into_o it_o from_o the_o apennine_a and_o the_o alps_o be_v sufficient_a and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n we_o may_v affirm_v that_o the_o po_n come_v far_o short_a of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n last_o if_o this_o river_n must_v be_v 4_o mile_n broad_a i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o in_o all_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o source_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_n be_v always_o find_v the_o same_o for_o the_o well_n which_o be_v dig_v near_o the_o side_n of_o this_o great_a arch_n will_v be_v deep_o than_o those_o elsewhere_o but_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o difference_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o these_o well_n we_o can_v therefore_o give_v way_n to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o this_o subterraneous_a river_n notwithstanding_o the_o conjecture_n mention_v which_o we_o shall_v short_o answer_v and_o far_o less_o must_v we_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v many_o subterraneous_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o same_o cistern_n and_o distinguish_v by_o interval_n which_o give_v water_n continual_o to_o these_o fountain_n for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v see_v there_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o fountain_n and_o continual_o such_o well_n be_v make_v both_o in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n that_o the_o undertaker_n never_o fall_v upon_o such_o interstice_n in_o the_o bore_v as_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v and_o which_o one_o can_v never_o admire_v enough_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o caution_n here_o no_o need_n of_o diligence_n in_o choose_v a_o place_n see_v any_o place_n mark_v out_o either_o in_o the_o city_n or_o without_o for_o many_o mile_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o building_n of_o these_o well_n and_o all_o the_o difficulty_n in_o dig_v these_o well_n be_v in_o keep_v out_o the_o side-water_n which_o sometime_o flow_v in_o in_o great_a quantity_n so_o that_o they_o need_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n to_o keep_v it_o out_o but_o when_o the_o workman_n have_v come_v to_o this_o last_o bottom_n then_o as_o have_v get_v their_o wish_n they_o begin_v their_o perforation_n with_o as_o great_a assurance_n of_o get_v water_n by_o their_o auger_n as_o if_o they_o have_v moses_n his_o rod._n neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o to_o be_v entertain_v who_o think_v that_o the_o subterraneous_a space_n from_o which_o these_o water_n flow_v be_v former_o the_o channel_n of_o scultenna_n and_o gabellus_n between_o which_o two_o river_n modena_n be_v now_o place_v which_o river_n as_o they_o imagine_v after_o they_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a do_v join_v their_o water_n in_o this_o place_n and_o therefore_o through_o length_n of_o time_n the_o mountain_n decrease_v and_o the_o field_n rise_v the_o water_n rise_v to_o this_o height_n in_o these_o well_n when_o they_o be_v dig_v or_o in_o a_o hole_n make_v with_o sand_n wet_a with_o water_n which_o be_v supply_v from_o these_o river_n by_o hide_a passage_n and_o the_o sand_n itself_o that_o they_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o so_o plausible_a a_o thought_n they_o give_v a_o example_n for_o they_o say_v that_o near_o a_o stream_n a_o hole_n be_v make_v in_o the_o sand_n though_o dry_a on_o the_o surface_n the_o water_n appear_v which_o also_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o pliny_n the_o young_a be_v know_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o seashore_n for_o after_o this_o author_n with_o his_o accustom_a elegancy_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o plin._n gallus_n describe_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o his_o countrey-village_n by_o the_o seaside_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o epistle_n he_o make_v this_o relation_n as_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o have_v well_n or_o rather_o fountain_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o that_o shore_n be_v wonderful_a in_o whatever_o place_n you_o move_v the_o ground_n you_o meet_v with_o water_n and_o that_o so_o fresh_a as_o not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o saltness_n from_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o these_o word_n the_o most_o learned_a man_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o specimen_fw-la of_o our_o fountain_n see_v there_o also_o in_o whatever_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v dig_v there_o be_v moisture_n yet_o it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n word_n that_o the_o water_n of_o these_o well_n do_v not_o spring_v up_o i_o believe_v the_o same_o will_v happen_v in_o any_o sea-coast_n except_o some_o bed_n of_o clay_n intervene_v for_o the_o water_n do_v easy_o follow_v the_o sand_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o in_o any_o place_n of_o pliny_n countryhouse_n the_o water_n appear_v fresh_a be_v strain_v through_o the_o sand_n from_o the_o near_a sea_n and_o so_o deprive_v of_o its_o saltness_n but_o it_o be_v no_o way_n probable_a that_o the_o case_n be_v so_o in_o our_o ground_n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o these_o river_n do_v former_o run_v in_o deep_a channel_n yet_o that_o that_o they_o give_v water_n to_o this_o spring_n i_o can_v no_o way_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v ☜_o for_o these_o spring_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v they_o know_v any_o increase_n or_o decrease_v when_o yet_o these_o river_n not_o only_o in_o summer_n but_o also_o sometime_o in_o winter_n have_v their_o sand_n dry_a as_o we_o have_v see_v of_o late_a year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o hot_a season_n see_v all_o the_o well_n except_o these_o though_o dig_v deep_a give_v no_o water_n in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n but_o the_o flow_a of_o a_o most_o pure_a water_n from_o these_o fountain_n be_v so_o uniform_a and_o constant_a that_o it_o be_v improbable_a they_o shall_v depend_v on_o the_o unconstant_a and_o unequal_a state_n and_o course_n of_o these_o river_n for_o the_o water_n decrease_v in_o the_o deep_a vein_n the_o pressure_n will_v also_o decrease_v and_o so_o these_o fountain_n will_v be_v diminish_v moreover_o see_v the_o country_n of_o rhegium_n parma_n and_o all_o on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o many_o river_n descend_v from_o the_o apennine_a glide_v over_o these_o country_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o same_o prerogative_n when_o well_n be_v dig_v deep_a in_o they_o but_o no_o where_o that_o i_o know_v of_o

the_o most_o curious_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o digging_z of_o the_o well_n and_o when_o the_o water_n spring_v up_o be_v remark_v but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o keep_v the_o reader_n long_o in_o suspense_n you_o must_v know_v for_o a_o certain_a truth_n which_o many_o thousand_o of_o experiment_n have_v already_o confirm_v that_o in_o any_o place_n within_o or_o without_o the_o city_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o one_o may_v open_v a_o spring_n which_o shall_v constant_o send_v forth_o most_o pure_a water_n and_o see_v every_o citizen_n may_v take_v out_o of_o this_o great_a stock_n as_o much_o water_n for_o his_o private_a uses_n as_o he_o please_v without_o fear_n of_o wrong_v the_o public_a or_o be_v fine_v for_o it_o therefore_o when_o any_o will_v have_v a_o spring_n in_o his_o own_o house_n he_o call_v some_o workman_n and_o have_v agree_v for_o the_o price_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o crown_n he_o show_v they_o the_o place_n which_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a and_o they_o without_o further_a consideration_n dig_v a_o well_o in_o a_o place_n mark_v out_o for_o they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v come_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o about_o 63_o foot_n they_o pierce_v the_o bottom_n with_o a_o great_a auger_n which_o when_o it_o have_v be_v drive_v down_o 5_o foot_n deep_a immediate_o the_o water_n gush_v out_o with_o so_o great_a force_n throw_v up_o stone_n and_o sand_n that_o almost_o in_o a_o moment_n all_o the_o well_o be_v fill_v to_o the_o top_n and_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o thence_o constant_o moreover_o that_o which_o in_o dig_v these_o well_n give_v the_o great_a trouble_n to_o the_o workman_n be_v the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o side_n by_o which_o they_o be_v sometime_o much_o trouble_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o 28_o foot_n where_o first_o the_o potter_n clay_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o therefore_o to_o keep_v off_o these_o water_n which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o clean_a when_o they_o first_o break_v earth_n they_o make_v a_o well_o pretty_a large_a drawing_z out_o the_o water_n that_o flow_v together_o on_o every_o side_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n then_o they_o build_v upon_o it_o as_o on_o a_o solid_a foudation_n a_o wall_n round_o about_o of_o lime_n and_o well-burnt_a brick_n make_v for_o the_o purpose_n that_o so_o the_o well_o may_v be_v narrow_a and_o they_o careful_o plaster_v the_o outer_a surface_n of_o it_o with_o clay_n well_o wrought_v press_v it_o with_o their_o foot_n and_o thus_o they_o continue_v to_o do_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o hinder_v the_o influx_n of_o water_n from_o the_o side_n which_o be_v do_v as_o if_o all_o be_v safe_a and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o fear_n of_o the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o side_n they_o carry_v on_o their_o dig_v to_o the_o lowermost_a place_n so_o successful_o that_o from_o the_o appear_v of_o the_o clay_n they_o observe_v no_o more_o water_n to_o drop_v yea_o which_o be_v wonderful_a they_o be_v force_v sometime_o to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o easy_o dig_v it_o be_v also_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n to_o the_o digger_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chalky_a or_o clayie_a ground_n that_o the_o soft_a earth_n fall_v in_o upon_o they_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o side-water_n which_o impediment_n be_v not_o overcome_v but_o with_o great_a labour_n but_o when_o at_o length_n they_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n of_o clay_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v they_o form_n get_v by_o the_o usual_a bore_v the_o usual_a eruption_n of_o water_n for_o no_o case_n be_v remember_v in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o city_n or_o without_o the_o city_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o which_o upon_o open_v a_o hole_n and_o give_v vent_n to_o the_o enclose_a water_n they_o do_v not_o immediate_o spring_v up_o on_o high_a for_o the_o digger_n do_v with_o as_o great_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n fasten_v down_o their_o auger_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_n as_o one_o be_v to_o draw_v wine_n will_v pierce_v a_o hogshead_n when_o it_o be_v full_a i_o be_v often_o present_a when_o this_o phlebotomy_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o be_v practise_v and_o i_o always_o observe_v the_o water_n to_o break_v out_o almost_o with_o the_o same_o force_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v muddy_a and_o full_a of_o sand_n but_o the_o next_o day_n it_o appear_v clear_a enough_o but_o when_o the_o water_n have_v break_v out_o and_o the_o borer_n be_v pull_v out_o sit_v on_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o auger_n immediate_o two_o or_o three_o workman_n that_o be_v about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o draw_v out_o the_o water_n with_o all_o possible_a diligence_n for_o see_v at_o that_o time_n the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n drive_v out_o much_o sand_n and_o gravel_n they_o say_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v promote_v and_o the_o well_n be_v make_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n more_o plentiful_o neither_o can_v the_o stuff_n settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n stop_v the_o hole_n the_o digger_n of_o the_o well_n say_v that_o some_o new-made_a fountain_n have_v throw_v up_o sometime_o so_o much_o water_n with_o the_o gravel_n and_o sand_n that_o the_o ground_n give_v way_n on_o every_o side_n and_o threaten_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o adjacent_a building_n they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o fountain_n again_o with_o earth_n and_o hew_a stone_n but_o the_o pibble_n stone_n which_o be_v throw_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjacent_a river_n neither_o be_v they_o small_a but_o some_o of_o they_o weigh_v 3_o or_o 4_o ounce_n some_o of_o these_o be_v adorn_v with_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o pretty_a hard_a other_o be_v hard_a and_o like_o the_o rudiment_n of_o pibble_n stone_n in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n be_v low_a the_o water_n arise_v above_o the_o plain_a from_o whence_o it_o run_v easy_o down_o but_o in_o high_a place_n it_o stop_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o plain_a so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v conduit_n under_o ground_n through_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o public_a canal_n which_o afterward_o meet_v into_o one_o canal_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o they_o sail_v convenient_o enough_o even_o to_o venice_n for_o this_o canal_n fall_v into_o the_o scultenna_n and_o the_o scultenna_n into_o the_o po_n the_o number_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v very_o great_a so_o that_o now_o almost_o every_o house_n have_v one_o and_o their_o number_n be_v increase_v the_o old_a fountain_n become_v few_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o most_o illustrious_a family_n of_o the_o sadalet_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o castelvitry_n where_o the_o pipe_n that_o now_o send_v forth_o no_o more_o water_n be_v high_o than_o those_o that_o at_o present_a do_v these_o fountain_n also_o be_v in_o the_o garden_n about_o the_o town_n and_o in_o the_o adjacent_a village_n some_o of_o which_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o the_o digger_n of_o the_o well_n say_v that_o they_o have_v on_o trial_n find_v they_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n beyond_o scultenna_n for_o have_v make_v a_o hole_n with_o a_o auger_n they_o say_v the_o water_n do_v boil_v up_o free_o enough_o throw_v up_o sand_n and_o gravel_n wherefore_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o hide_a spring_n be_v not_o know_v enough_o yet_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v extend_v far_o from_o east_n to_o west_n than_o from_o north_n to_o south_n see_v in_o this_o tract_n they_o be_v not_o find_v extend_v above_o four_o mile_n this_o be_v remarkable_a that_o when_o the_o hole_n be_v bore_v and_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o break_v out_o the_o next_o fountain_n cease_v from_o run_v for_o some_o time_n yet_o after_o a_o little_a time_n they_o run_v again_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o person_n of_o credit_n that_o when_o a_o well_o be_v bore_v in_o the_o cloister_n of_o the_o nun_n of_o st._n francis_n des_fw-fr sales_n he_o see_v in_o another_o well_o near_o it_o the_o water_n sink_v in_o a_o moment_n which_o afterward_o ascend_v till_o both_o the_o well_n be_v in_o a_o equilibrium_n the_o water_n settle_v in_o the_o same_o horizontal_n surface_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v this_o decrease_v but_o not_o with_o so_o great_a swiftness_n in_o which_o the_o water_n do_v not_o sink_v so_o deep_a on_o a_o sudden_a but_o rather_o

side_n that_o look_v to_o the_o plain_a of_o nola_n the_o fire_n not_o only_o keep_v time_n with_o the_o water_n but_o also_o produce_v they_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o by_o force_n of_o the_o violent_a heat_n diffuse_v over_o the_o mountain_n so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v exhale_v from_o some_o cistern_n that_o hold_v the_o sea-water_n that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o make_v a_o torrent_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v as_o convenientby_o deduce_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n enclose_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n press_v down_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o force_v it_o out_o another_o way_n neither_o do_v the_o bed_n of_o stone_n and_o chalk_n which_o bartholine_n object_n withstand_v the_o lift_n of_o the_o vapour_n upward_o for_o suppose_v the_o mountain_n be_v as_o all_o confess_v they_o to_o be_v cavernous_a within_o such_o bed_n as_o these_o may_v afford_v this_o use_n to_o stop_v the_o vapour_n lift_v upward_o by_o force_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o let_v they_o fall_v down_o by_o various_a chink_n as_o vein_n to_o which_o these_o bed_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v gravelly_a and_o stony_a be_v passable_a from_o whence_o the_o fountain_n arise_v which_o be_v call_v mouth_n of_o the_o vein_n therefore_o it_o be_v a_o more_o ready_a way_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o draw_v the_o original_a of_o fountain_n which_o be_v perpetual_a and_o subject_a to_o no_o alteration_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o continual_a ascent_n of_o vapour_n in_o the_o great_a receptacle_n of_o nature_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v it_o so_o in_o our_o case_n both_o from_o the_o old_a state_n of_o the_o country_n on_o this_o side_n the_o po_n and_o also_o the_o perpetual_a fire_n that_o the_o neighbour_a mountain_n maintain_v which_o at_o their_o wide_a mouth_n sometime_o throw_v up_o much_o fire_n and_o ash_n with_o stone_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n and_o crash_a that_o it_o be_v hear_v sometime_o 12_o mile_n off_o which_o true_o be_v not_o new_a see_v pliny_n mention_n this_o who_o write_v that_o in_o the_o land_n of_o modena_n the_o fire_n come_v out_o on_o set_v day_n and_o tell_v it_o as_o a_o prodigy_n that_o two_o mountain_n meet_v together_o smoke_n and_o fire_n come_v out_o and_o that_o in_o the_o day_n time_n a_o great_a multitude_n of_o roman_a horseman_n and_o traveller_n be_v look_v on_o but_o that_o be_v especial_o see_v in_o mount_n gibbius_fw-la where_o there_o be_v many_o fountain_n from_o which_o petroleum_n flow_v a_o account_n of_o some_o very_a remarkable_a one_o i_o have_v from_o my_o brother_n who_o see_v they_o and_o be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o signior_n spoletti_n physician_n to_o the_o late_a ambassador_n from_o venice_n and_o professor_n of_o physic_n at_o padova_n when_o he_o be_v at_o my_o chamber_n they_o be_v see_v on_o a_o side_n of_o one_o of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n half_a way_n betwixt_o bologna_n and_o florence_n near_o a_o place_n call_v petra_n mala_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o fierenzola_n it_o be_v in_o a_o spot_n of_o ground_n of_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n diameter_n which_o incessant_o send_v up_o a_o flame_n rise_v very_o high_a with_o no_o noise_n smoak_n or_o smell_v but_o give_v a_o very_a great_a heat_n and_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v thus_o in_o all_o time_n except_o of_o great_a rain_n which_o put_v it_o out_o for_o a_o while_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o it_o burn_v with_o great_a violence_n than_o before_o the_o sand_n about_o it_o when_o turn_v up_o send_v forth_o a_o flame_n but_o within_o 3_o or_o 4_o yard_n round_o about_o it_o there_o be_v corn_n fields_n the_o people_n that_o live_v near_o to_o it_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o deep_a hole_n there_o but_o he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v firm_a ground_n there_o be_v 3_o or_o 4_o more_o of_o those_o near_a but_o they_o do_v not_o burn_v so_o vehement_a by_o as_o this_o when_o i_o be_v think_v on_o a_o more_o exact_a history_n of_o these_o fountain_n of_o petroleum_n than_o be_v in_o writer_n i_o understand_v by_o letter_n from_o malliabecchius_fw-la to_o who_o as_o prince_n of_o the_o learned_a whatever_o happen_v new_a in_o learning_n be_v present_o bring_v that_o the_o most_o learned_a d._n olinger_n the_o king_n professor_n at_o copenhagen_n have_v late_o publish_v a_o book_n which_o he_o find_v among_o some_o manuscript_n under_o the_o name_n of_o franciscus_n areostus_fw-la of_o the_o oil_n of_o mount_n zibinius_fw-la or_o the_o petroleum_n of_o modena_n which_o book_n that_o most_o renown_a author_n dedicate_v to_o the_o same_o malliabecehius_fw-la with_o a_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n a_o great_a reproach_n of_o our_o sloth_n who_o stay_v till_o some_o rise_n from_o the_o remote_a country_n to_o illustrate_v our_o matter_n by_o our_o own_o write_n though_o i_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o our_o fountain_n from_o the_o sea_n first_o then_o from_o some_o cistern_n of_o water_n place_v in_o our_o mountain_n into_o which_o the_o vapour_n send_v up_o by_o the_o enclose_v heat_n be_v return_v in_o form_n of_o water_n i_o will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o this_o cistern_n be_v place_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n but_o i_o believe_v rather_o that_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n than_o in_o the_o top_n for_o though_o as_o i_o show_v before_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a that_o the_o water_n though_o enclose_v within_o pipe_n shall_v reach_v to_o the_o height_n of_o their_o cistern_n which_o happen_v as_o often_o as_o their_o passage_n be_v stratint_v they_o have_v not_o free_a liberty_n to_o flow_v out_o as_o in_o fig._n 1._o but_o if_o we_o shall_v place_v this_o cistern_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n probable_o the_o water_n may_v rise_v high_o in_o they_o when_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o i_o can_v certain_o conjecture_v in_o what_o part_n whether_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o in_o their_o inner_a part_n this_o cistern_n of_o water_n be_v place_v by_o the_o divine_a architect_n i_o have_v spare_v no_o labour_n nor_o experience_n to_o find_v out_o the_o head_n of_o this_o spring_n and_o therefore_o i_o diligent_o view_v not_o only_o the_o plain_a towards_o the_o mountain_n but_o the_o mountain_n themselves_o and_o can_v find_v no_o mark_n of_o it_o i_o observe_v indeed_o some_o small_a lake_n but_o such_o as_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o so_o become_v pasture_n for_o cattle_n of_o the_o number_n of_o which_o be_v the_o lake_n paulinus_n 25_o mile_n distant_a from_o this_o i_o think_v best_a therefore_o to_o fetch_v the_o original_a of_o these_o water_n from_o another_o source_n viz._n from_o some_o secret_a cistern_n of_o water_n place_v in_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cavernous_a and_o that_o there_o be_v in_o they_o cistern_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o fountain_n and_o river_n draw_v their_o original_a lucan_n feign_v to_o himself_o a_o great_a cistern_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o apennine_a from_o which_o all_o the_o river_n of_o italy_n do_v flow_v that_o run_v into_o both_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o bring_v in_o here_o his_o verse_n see_v to_o reason_n in_o so_o abstruse_a matter_n with_o the_o philosopher_n or_o to_o conjecture_v with_o the_o poet_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n fontibus_fw-la his_fw-la vastis_fw-la immensos_fw-la concipit_fw-la amnes_fw-la fluminaque_fw-la in_o geminy_n spargit_fw-la divortia_fw-la ponti_fw-la in_o laevum_fw-la cecidere_fw-la latus_fw-la veloxque_fw-la metaurus_n crustuminumque_fw-la rapax_fw-la &_o junctus_fw-la sapis_n isauro_n quoque_fw-la magis_fw-la nullum_fw-la tellus_fw-la se_fw-la solvit_fw-la in_o amnem_fw-la erldanus_fw-la fract_v as_o deducit_fw-la in_o aequora_fw-la silvas_fw-la dexterior_fw-la a_fw-la petens_fw-la montis_fw-la declivia_fw-la tybrim_fw-la vnda_fw-la facit_fw-la hence_o from_o vast_a fountain_n do_v great_a river_n flow_v and_o into_o double_a sea_n divorce_n do_v slide_v in_o several_a channel_n down_o on_o the_o left_a side_n metaurus_n swift_a and_o strong_a crustumium_n flow_v isapis_n join_v to_o isaurus_n sonna_n too_o and_o aufidus_n the_o adriatic_a beat_v eridanus_n than_o which_o no_o river_n get_v more_o ground_n whole_a forest_n roll_z into_o the_o sea_n overturn_v but_o see_v it_o be_v know_v enough_o by_o what_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o history_n of_o these_o fountain_n that_o this_o spring_n be_v not_o so_o old_a as_o the_o world_n see_v the_o last_o plain_n in_o which_o the_o auger_n be_v fasten_v be_v former_o in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o the_o tree_n in_o it_o make_v evident_a if_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o