then_o well_o harrow_v about_o four_o bushel_n will_v sufficient_o sow_v a_o acre_n which_o do_v you_o must_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o harrow_n very_o fine_a and_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n pick_v the_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n off_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v come_v easy_o up_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o sow_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march._n after_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o weed_n appear_v they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n keep_v as_o free_v from_o they_o as_o may_v be_v and_o when_o the_o leaf_n be_v come_v to_o full_a growth_n which_o will_v be_v some_o time_n soon_o and_o at_o other_o late_a as_o the_o seasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n produce_v dryer_n or_o moist_a you_o must_v cut_v it_o up_o and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o make_v it_o up_o in_o little_a ball_n and_o dry_v they_o well_o for_o use_v and_o good_a woad_n in_o a_o seasonable_a year_n may_v very_o probable_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o crop_n and_o ordinary_o four_o and_o three_o and_o the_o winter_n crop_n be_v excellent_a for_o sheep_n keep_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o many_o other_o disease_n it_o likewise_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o prepare_v the_o ground_n very_o well_o for_o corn_n and_o good_a estate_n have_v be_v get_v by_o it_o the_o best_a woad_n have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o pound_v a_o tun._n chap._n xlvii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v mad_a and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o mad_a be_v a_o very_a good_a improver_n of_o land_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o die_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_o it_o as_o goosegrass_n soft_a cliver_n crosswort_n lady_n bedstraw_n &c_n &c_n which_o have_v all_o leave_n like_o mad_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n 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winter_n and_o so_o all_o along_o to_o the_o time_n of_o set_v weed_z it_z and_z ho_o it_o till_o it_o have_v get_v the_o mastery_n of_o the_o weed_n and_o then_o it_o will_v destroy_v they_o set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n for_o a_o good_a evenness_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a crumble_a in_o light_a mould_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n and_o if_o any_o die_v you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n for_o they_o come_v not_o to_o their_o natural_a perfection_n under_o three_o year_n and_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n keep_v they_o hoe_z and_o you_o may_v gather_v set_v from_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v set_v for_o the_o root_n will_v bear_v it_o by_o take_v firmness_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o well_o spread_v so_o that_o these_o set_v will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n supply_v other_o ground_n chap._n xlviii_o wood-land_n and_o enclosure_n improve_v and_o the_o great_a advantage_n make_v thereby_o enclosure_n and_o wood-land_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n not_o only_o in_o supply_v he_o with_o timber_n for_o his_o own_o use_n in_o building_n and_o sale_n but_o with_o underwood_n for_o hedging_n fuel_n and_o the_o like_a for_o himself_o and_o neighbour_n to_o increase_v enclosure_n and_o pass_v away_o the_o bitter_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n with_o keep_v good_a fire_n beside_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v and_o will_v flourish_v in_o place_n where_o corn_n or_o grass_n or_o any_o other_o profitable_a thing_n will_v not_o kind_o grow_v beside_o when_o the_o land_n be_v clear_v of_o wood_n they_o prove_v much_o better_o and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n than_o many_o that_o have_v be_v long_o till_v lie_v round_o about_o they_o they_o also_o yield_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o the_o eye_n serve_v as_o cool_v shade_n to_o retreat_n in_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n prove_v shelter_n to_o the_o house_n barn_n and_o land_n lie_v near_o they_o from_o the_o cold_a nip_a wind_n and_o in_o wood_n by_o their_o warmness_n grass_n in_o the_o vacant_a place_n spring_v all_o the_o year_n on_o which_o sheep_n will_v feed_v well_o and_o grow_v fat_a be_v by_o that_o mean_v preserve_v from_o the_o cold_a and_o rot_v likewise_o well_o grow_v wood_n in_o most_o place_n produce_v mast_n holm_n acorn_n hazle-nut_n service_n meddler_n and_o the_o like_a which_o either_o fall_n of_o themselves_o or_o be_v diligent_o beat_v down_o feed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o swine_n to_o a_o considerable_a fatness_n land_n of_o small_a value_n may_v be_v by_o plant_v of_o tree_n bring_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o considerable_a estate_n i_o find_v it_o confirm_v by_o several_a that_o land_n not_o compute_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la have_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o improvement_n produce_v at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n as_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v fell_v from_o one_o acre_n 60_o l._n and_o indeed_o morish_a boggy-land_n that_o can_v be_v drain_v or_o other_o way_n improve_v to_o any_o profit_n or_o advantage_n be_v plant_v with_o osier_n willow_n alder_a poplar_n or_o the_o like_a tree_n that_o affect_v and_o covet_v moist_a ground_n return_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o a_o great_a advantage_n for_o many_o use_n grow_v very_o fast_o so_o that_o they_o turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n it_o have_v be_v know_v that_o a_o hundred_o ash_n at_o the_o growth_n of_o fifty_o year_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 500_o l._n and_o these_o grow_v too_o on_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n of_o land_n which_o they_o but_o little_o encumber_v and_o i_o find_v it_o set_v down_o that_o a_o person_n plant_v so_o much_o wood_n that_o in_o his_o own_o life_n time_n be_v value_v at_o 50000_o l._n these_o great_a income_n and_o increase_v methinks_v shall_v give_v many_o encouragement_n to_o imitate_v our_o predecessor_n that_o as_o we_o find_v the_o advantage_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n so_o ourselves_o and_o our_o posterity_n may_v find_v the_o like_a of_o our_o own_o and_o for_o the_o better_a quick_a and_o least_o chargeable_a improvement_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o plain_a and_o easy_a rule_n chap._n xlix_o of_o oak_n elm_n and_o beech_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o for_o the_o best_a advantage_n as_o for_o the_o english_a oak_n among_o other_o for_o firmness_n and_o durableness_n it_o be_v count_v the_o best_a timber_n in_o the_o world_n for_o build_v house_n ship_n and_o other_o necessary_a use_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o indifferent_a land_n good_a or_o bad_a as_o clay_n gravel_n sand_n mix_v or_o unmixed_a soil_n dry_a cold_a warm_a
february_n and_o beginning_n of_o march_n the_o wether_n be_v open_a and_o especial_o when_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o south_n or_o west_n hang_v bottle_n at_o the_o cut_v branch_n to_o receive_v the_o cristaline_a liquor_n or_o you_o may_v bore_v the_o tree_n and_o tap_n it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v get_v great_a quantity_n it_o flow_v forth_o very_o free_o the_o small_a branch_n of_o this_o tree_n turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n in_o make_v broom_n whisk_n wickers_n and_o many_o other_o use_v they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o timber_n be_v likewise_o very_o good_a and_o the_o great_a brances_fw-la make_v good_a pole_n chap._n li._n of_o the_o maple_n horn-beam_n quick-beam_n hazle_n box_n juniper_n holly_n and_o fir-tree_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o there_o be_v yet_o other_o tree_n useful_a either_o for_o fuel_n or_o shade_n that_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n the_o maple_n this_o require_v a_o dry_a and_o sound_a mould_n grow_v in_o hedge-row_n very_o well_o as_o also_o in_o wood_n and_o grove_n it_o may_v be_v propagate_v by_o set_v or_o the_o key_n of_o the_o ash_n the_o timber_n be_v much_o esteem_v for_o its_o whiteness_n and_o the_o diaper-knot_n find_v in_o it_o serve_v for_o trencher_n bowl_n and_o many_o other_o utensil_n and_o much_o esteem_v in_o joyner_n work_n horn-beam_n much_o affect_v the_o open_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v in_o walk_n or_o avenue_n produce_v a_o pleasant_a shade_n it_o will_v grow_v indifferent_o on_o any_o soil_n it_o must_v be_v set_v deep_a and_o the_o set_v may_v be_v about_o two_o inch_n in_o compass_n in_o the_o middle_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v raise_v of_o those_o seed_n that_o be_v ripe_a in_o auguct_n if_o sow_o in_o october_n but_o since_o most_o wood_n yield_v sufficient_a plant_n i_o like_v the_o set_v they_o best_o for_o the_o great_a expedition_n the_o timber_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o therefore_o useful_a for_o wheel-wrights_a or_o make_v tool_n 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work_n the_o scent_n of_o it_o keep_v away_o worm_n and_o moth_n its_o gum_n or_o the_o sweat_a of_o it_o be_v good_a against_o pain_n in_o the_o stomach_n or_o heart_n and_o prevent_v infectious_a air._n holly_n be_v a_o tough_a wood_n keep_v green_a all_o the_o year_n and_o carry_v on_o it_o in_o winter_n a_o curious_a red_a berry_n it_o thrive_v in_o any_o indifferent_a ground_n and_o may_v be_v set_v by_o slip_v or_o berry_n the_o wood_n if_o large_a yield_v a_o good_a price_n the_o lime-tree_n must_v be_v plant_v in_o a_o indifferent_a rich_a soil_n for_o it_o will_v not_o thrive_v in_o hungry_a cold_a dry_a land_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o sucker_n from_o the_o elm_n or_o from_o seed_n or_o berry_n that_o drop_v in_o autumn_n from_o the_o tree_n and_o these_o be_v most_o use_v for_o ornament_n in_o walk_n cast_v a_o lovely_a shade_n though_o in_o wood_n they_o grow_v a_o good_a pace_n and_o yield_v timber_n pole_n and_o store_n of_o good_a fuel_n the_o yew-tree_n may_v be_v 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a_o gentle_a warmth_n these_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o a_o nursery_n or_o where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v grow_v up_o to_o a_o grove_n or_o wood_n especial_o the_o pine_n which_o will_v hardly_o bear_v a_o remove_n unless_o very_o young_a though_o the_o fir_n may_v be_v very_o easy_o remove_v and_o propagate_v on_o slip_v and_o will_v grow_v small_a and_o straight_o to_o a_o prodigious_a height_n if_o it_o take_v good_a root_n even_o to_o sixty_o foot_n high_a in_o twenty_o year_n growth_n though_o in_o the_o six_o year_n they_o seem_v not_o to_o grow_v very_o fast_o but_o afterward_o shoot_v up_o exceed_o chap._n lii_o of_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a ground_n as_o the_o poplar_n aspen-tree_n alder_n willow_n etc._n etc._n their_o order_v and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o improve_v they_o thus_o reader_n have_v declare_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o dry_a barren_a land_n by_o plant_v the_o most_o useful_a tree_n for_o timber_n and_o other_o service_n i_o 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a_o common_a say_v that_o ground_n enrich_v with_o chalk_n make_v a_o rich_a father_n and_o a_o beggarly_a son_n the_o river-land_n by_o overflow_a and_o fast_o ground_n with_o muddy_a mingle_v with_o sand_n and_o gravel_n will_v do_v very_o well_o chap._n iii_o the_o nature_n use_v and_o benefit_n of_o marl_n the_o german_n beside_o other_o sort_n of_o enrich_v their_o ground_n do_v in_o some_o place_n instead_o of_o dung_n cast_v upon_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o pitch_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o earth_n pliny_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v first_o devise_v in_o england_n and_o france_n call_v marga_n as_o it_o be_v the_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v get_v in_o deep_a pit_n but_o not_o alike_o in_o all_o soyl_n questionless_a marle_n be_v a_o very_a useful_a thing_n the_o nature_n of_o it_o cold_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o sadden_v the_o land_n exceed_o and_o very_o heavy_a it_o be_v and_o will_v go_v downward_o some_o country_n yield_v marl_n of_o several_a 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whereas_o we_o see_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v excellent_o well_o plough_v in_o gelderland_n and_o about_o cologne_n where_o they_o plough_v only_o with_o two_o horse_n go_v very_o soft_o in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n where_o they_o plough_v with_o ox_n they_o make_v their_o furrow_n rather_o deep_a than_o broad_a where_o the_o ground_n be_v stiff_a the_o coulter_n must_v be_v the_o great_a and_o the_o strong_a that_o it_o may_v go_v the_o deep_a for_o if_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v up_o very_o broad_a it_o remain_v still_o whole_a whereby_o neither_o the_o weed_n be_v kill_v nor_o the_o ground_n can_v be_v well_o harrow_v the_o furrow_n ought_v not_o to_o exceed_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o length_n for_o if_o it_o do_v as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o beast_n because_o it_o will_v be_v too_o wearisome_a to_o they_o but_o this_o rule_n be_v not_o observe_v as_o in_o the_o country_n where_o the_o field_n be_v great_a their_o furrow_n be_v draw_v very_o long_o you_o must_v not_o plough_v in_o wet_a ground_n nor_o when_o after_o a_o long_a drought_n a_o little_a rain_n fall_v have_v but_o wet_a the_o upper_a part_n and_o not_o go_v deep_o if_o it_o be_v too_o wet_a when_o it_o be_v plough_v it_o will_v do_v little_a good_a that_o year_n you_o must_v therefore_o observe_v that_o the_o season_n be_v neither_o too_o dry_a nor_o too_o wet_a for_o too_o much_o dryness_n cause_v it_o that_o it_o will_v never_o work_v well_o for_o either_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v resist_v the_o plough_n or_o if_o it_o do_v enter_v it_o break_v it_o not_o small_a enough_o but_o only_o turn_v up_o great_a flake_n hurtful_a to_o the_o next_o plough_v for_o though_o the_o land_n be_v never_o so_o rich_a yet_o if_o you_o go_v any_o depth_n it_o will_v prove_v barren_a which_o be_v turn_v up_o with_o great_a clod_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o bad_a mould_n mix_v with_o the_o good_a yield_v the_o worse_a corn._n where_o you_o have_v plough_v in_o a_o dry_a season_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a for_o you_o to_o have_v some_o moisture_n in_o your_o second_o stir_v which_o moisten_v the_o ground_n shall_v make_v your_o labour_n the_o easy_a when_o the_o ground_n be_v rich_a and_o have_v long_o bear_v water_n it_o be_v to_o be_v stir_v when_o the_o wether_n be_v warm_a and_o when_o the_o weed_n be_v full_o grow_v and_o have_v their_o seed_n in_o their_o top_n which_o be_v plough_v so_o thick_a as_o you_o can_v scarce_o see_v where_o the_o coulter_n have_v go_v utter_o kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o weed_n beside_o through_o many_o stir_n your_o fallow_a be_v bring_v to_o so_o fine_a a_o mould_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v need_v little_a or_o no_o harrow_n when_o you_o sow_v it_o for_o the_o old_a roman_n as_o calumella_n affirm_v will_v say_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v ill_o husband_v that_o after_o sow_v have_v need_n of_o the_o harrow_n moreover_o the_o good_a husbandman_n must_v try_v whether_o it_o be_v well_o plough_v or_o not_o and_o not_o only_o to_o trust_v to_o his_o eye_n but_o to_o experience_n with_o his_o hand_n otherwise_o the_o balk_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n he_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v upon_o certain_a proof_n to_o which_o purpose_n let_v he_o thrust_v down_o a_o rod_n into_o the_o furrow_n which_o if_o it_o pierce_v alike_o in_o every_o place_n it_o show_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o plough_v if_o it_o be_v shallow_a in_o one_o place_n and_o deep_a in_o another_o place_n it_o signify_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o well_o plough_v if_o you_o be_v to_o plough_v upon_o a_o hill_n you_o must_v plough_v overthwart_o
mix_v with_o other_o sand_n or_o fine_a fat_a earth_n well_o sift_v from_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n then_o manure_v it_o with_o such_o dung_n as_o you_o have_v that_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o it_o to_o give_v it_o a_o fertilize_a heat_n as_o that_o of_o the_o horse_n ox_n or_o kine_n rot_a straw_n mud_n out_o of_o ditch_n or_o pond_n that_o be_v fat_a and_o slimy_a the_o sweep_a of_o the_o house_n flower_n mill_n barn_n yard_n where_o cattle_n trample_v much_o and_o if_o you_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a weed_n call_v hemp-weed_n bear_v broad_a leave_n black_a with_o great_a head_n and_o twist_v like_o peas-straw_n grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n among_o the_o sea-sedge_n on_o many_o coast_n with_o this_o when_o get_v you_o may_v strew_v over_o your_o ground_n already_o plough_v and_o plough_v it_o in_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o manure_n and_o by_o rot_v there_o it_o will_v add_v heat_n and_o strength_n to_o the_o land_n let_v this_o plough_v be_v deep_a than_o the_o first_o with_o large_a furrow_n that_o the_o new_a quick_a earth_n so_o raise_v up_o may_v mingle_v with_o the_o manure_n hack_v and_o harrow_v it_o again_o then_o take_v pigeon_n and_o land-poultries_a dung_n for_o that_o of_o waterfowl_n be_v naught_o and_o sprinkle_v over_o it_o allow_v if_o you_o have_v it_o two_o or_o three_o bushel_n to_o a_o acree_n scatter_v it_o in_o as_o equal_v a_o proportion_n as_o you_o can_v then_o sow_v your_o wheat_n or_o other_o corn_n and_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o ground_n at_o first_o wheat_n be_v the_o most_o thrive_a though_o it_o will_v bear_v other_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o with_o care_n of_o a_o very_a barren_a and_o useless_a ground_n become_v useful_a and_o very_a advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n it_o must_v likewise_o be_v clot_v and_o slate_v and_o if_o you_o want_v salt-sand_n or_o salt_n steep_v your_o wheat_n in_o brine_n of_o any_o salt_n and_o it_o will_v produce_v a_o good_a crop_n you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o weed_n it_o and_o gather_v the_o stone_n before_o that_o will_v obstruct_v the_o corn_n from_o rise_v and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o road_n or_o dry_a ditch_n or_o some_o pit_n proper_a for_o they_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v general_o great_a producer_n of_o stone_n if_o weed_n which_o common_o breed_v in_o wet_a barren_a ground_n grow_v up_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o seed_v it_o or_o that_o you_o will_v be_v at_o the_o labour_n and_o cost_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o fruitful_a arable_a ground_n pluck_v they_o all_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n or_o nipper_n of_o wood_n with_o saw-teeth_n shoot_v one_o into_o another_o to_o hold_v they_o the_o fast_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n dry_v they_o and_o burn_v they_o then_o scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n as_o before_o direct_v plough_v the_o ground_n but_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o the_o first_o yet_o turn_v up_o the_o furrow_n as_o deep_a as_o possible_a you_o can_v and_o if_o it_o lie_v subject_a to_o overflowing_n make_v cross_a furrow_n and_o drain_v into_o ditch_n or_o river_n or_o low_a place_n that_o the_o water_n may_v descend_v and_o be_v carry_v off_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o current_n make_v a_o pond_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o which_o may_v receive_v the_o water_n but_o this_o will_v do_v but_o little_a if_o it_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o water-flowing_n or_o marish_a spring_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v use_v it_o for_o corn-land_n you_o must_v find_v a_o way_n to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n or_o it_o will_v not_o avail_v your_o labour_n and_o cost_n in_o manure_v direction_n for_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o hereafter_o at_o large_a as_o for_o the_o manure_a it_o must_v be_v as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o all_o the_o particular_n in_o management_n only_o you_o must_v at_o the_o second_o plough_v do_v it_o very_o deep_a to_o hollow_a the_o ground_n that_o the_o water_n may_v the_o better_o soak_v away_o and_o lay_v the_o land_n in_o ridge_n as_o high_a as_o you_o can_v and_o the_o furrow_n as_o deep_a chap._n ix_o to_o improve_v barren_a clay_n simple_n or_o compound_v overrun_v with_o whinne_n with_o the_o particular_a order_v of_o it_o there_o be_v another_o barren_a clay_n no_o matter_n which_o either_o simple_a or_o compound_v that_o be_v pester_v and_o overrun_v with_o whinne_n a_o short_a bushy_a knotty_a prickly_a thing_n not_o grow_v above_o a_o handful_n from_o the_o ground_n yet_o entangle_v in_o one_o another_o and_o spread_v so_o fast_o that_o they_o choke_v the_o grass_n and_o obstruct_v the_o cattle_n from_o feed_v and_o the_o grass_n keep_v thus_o down_o will_v most_o die_v and_o a_o mossy_a scurf_n cover_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o for_o this_o dangerous_a encumbrance_n there_o be_v a_o remedy_n and_o this_o ground_n i_o shall_v instruct_v the_o honest_a farmer_n how_o to_o bring_v to_o bear_v a_o good_a crop_n to_o begin_v this_o work_n worthy_a your_o cost_n and_o labour_n take_v a_o fine_a thin_a paring-shovel_n make_v of_o good_a tough_a iron_n and_o well_o steel_a and_o harden_v round_o about_o the_o edge_n and_o with_o it_o pare_v up_o the_o upper_a swarth_a of_o the_o ground_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o inch_n deep_a turn_v up_o every_o pare_n about_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o shovel_n will_v convenient_o do_v it_o turn_v the_o whinne_n or_o grassy_a side_n downward_o and_o let_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o sun_n two_o or_o three_o day_n to_o dry_a may_v for_o this_o undertake_n be_v the_o proper_a month_n and_o be_v well_o dry_v on_o the_o earthy_a side_n turn_v it_o and_o let_v that_o well_o dry_a then_o gather_v it_o into_o heap_n and_o twist_v it_o as_o it_o be_v into_o band_n or_o cord_n and_o lay_v it_o up_o round_o and_o hollow_a that_o fire_n be_v put_v under_o the_o hollowness_n may_v easy_o come_v at_o it_o to_o consume_v it_o thrust_v in_o to_o the_o great_a cavity_n which_o must_v be_v like_o a_o oven_n but_o much_o less_o combustible_a dry_a matter_n for_o that_o purpose_n when_o these_o heap_n be_v burn_v break_v they_o as_o bail_v with_o shovel_n and_o beetle_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v mix_v with_o the_o ash_n then_o spread_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n to_o a_o equal_a thickness_n whilst_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o glow_a which_o will_v heat_v the_o earth_n and_o destroy_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o root_n that_o remain_v either_o of_o the_o whinne_n or_o weed_n this_o be_v do_v plough_v up_o the_o ground_n in_o good_a long_a furrow_n hack_v it_o small_a with_o hacking-hoes_a manure_v it_o and_o further_a order_n in_o all_o particular_n as_o in_o the_o forego_n direction_n for_o goss_n fur_n etc._n etc._n let_v the_o last_o plough_v be_v very_o deep_a especial_o your_o furrow_n and_o let_v your_o harrow_n have_v weight_n on_o they_o to_o press_v the_o hard_a on_o the_o ground_n and_o turn_v up_o the_o remain_a root_n of_o the_o whinne_n which_o be_v drag_v 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the_o field_n in_o a_o moderate_a breathe_a air_n the_o fire_n will_v encroach_v to_o one_o another_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o centre_n so_o scorch_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v kill_v the_o weed_n and_o root_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n and_o the_o ash_n manure_v the_o ground_n then_o with_o a_o strong_a plough_n have_v broad_a wing_n share_v and_o a_o even_a coulter_n lay_v the_o land_n large_a and_o the_o furrow_n deep_a not_o as_o yet_o trouble_v yourselves_o to_o pick_v out_o the_o quick_a root_n but_o let_v they_o lie_v in_o the_o furrow_n yet_o hack_v the_o ground_n over_o as_o have_v be_v often_o direct_v and_o in_o this_o case_n with_o your_o hack_n and_o paring-shovel_n when_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_v pare_v the_o furrow_n and_o where_o you_o see_v many_o fibre_n of_o root_n and_o lay_v the_o paring_n to_o dry_a then_o place_v they_o in_o little_a heap_n near_o each_o other_o in_o row_v that_o so_o be_v hollow_v up_o and_o dry_a heath_n put_v under_o they_o they_o may_v burn_v 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green_a swarth_a to_o the_o quick_a or_o new_a plowed_a earth_n or_o rather_o turn_v one_o swarth_a against_o another_o so_o that_o the_o furrow_n may_v lie_v and_o only_o but_o touch_v the_o edge_n one_o of_o another_o when_o this_o be_v do_v hack_v it_o into_o several_a piece_n and_o let_v it_o lie_v for_o many_o day_n in_o the_o furrow_n that_o the_o green_a swarths_n heat_n one_o another_o may_v rot_v which_o you_o may_v perceive_v they_o be_v about_o to_o do_v when_o they_o grow_v black_a though_o these_o sandy_a ground_n be_v easy_o crumble_v require_v not_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o the_o main_a of_o the_o hack_v in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o cut_v the_o swarth_a that_o it_o may_v rot_v and_o it_o be_v only_o require_v in_o barren_a sand_n which_o have_v some_o toughness_n in_o they_o and_o not_o in_o those_o that_o be_v very_o loose_a and_o fruitful_a when_o you_o have_v thus_o order_v your_o ground_n there_o be_v a_o way_n to_o be_v use_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a which_o be_v to_o marle_n it_o and_o now_o because_o this_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a term_n to_o some_o and_o not_o everywhere_o in_o use_n because_o not_o to_o be_v have_v i_o shall_v declare_v what_o marl_n be_v before_o i_o proceed_v further_o this_o marl_n be_v a_o certain_a rich_a stiff_a clay_n a_o enemy_n to_o all_o weed_n that_o spring_v up_o of_o themselves_o and_o give_v generative_a virtue_n to_o all_o seed_n that_o be_v sow_o in_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v of_o a_o glewy_a substance_n and_o not_o fat_a or_o oily_a as_o some_o suppose_v it_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n cold_a and_o dry_a and_o be_v earth_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v marle_n and_o be_v make_v marle_n it_o be_v no_o more_o but_o a_o clay_n ground_n as_o for_o this_o when_o it_o be_v a_o little_a harden_v it_o be_v only_o dissolve_v by_o frost_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n it_o always_o work_v better_a effect_n the_o second_o year_n than_o the_o first_o as_o for_o the_o colour_n of_o 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draw_v the_o earth_n in_o one_o place_n then_o proceed_v in_o the_o most_o likely_a place_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o marl_n and_o the_o most_o proper_a place_n to_o make_v this_o essay_n be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o high_a country_n near_o brook_n and_o lake_n and_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o low_a country_n upon_o the_o knowl_n of_o little_a hill_n and_o in_o the_o cleft_n of_o steep_a bank_n or_o breach_n in_o hill_n open_v of_o themselves_o in_o some_o place_n it_o lie_v deep_a in_o some_o again_o shallow_a and_o common_o these_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v verge_v with_o it_o lie_v very_o deep_a have_v find_v it_o dig_v it_o up_o in_o great_a lump_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o your_o land_n with_o what_o speed_n you_o can_v lay_v it_o on_o heap_n a_o yard_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o when_o iâ—_n be_v dry_v spread_v all_o the_o heap_n and_o mix_v the_o marl_n with_o the_o sand_n and_o observe_v if_o the_o land_n ascend_v upon_o a_o hill_n to_o lay_v 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be_v more_o dry_a loose_a and_o harsh_a than_o the_o former_a and_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o fertility_n mow_v down_o the_o encumber_a weed_n as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v and_o note_v if_o they_o be_v high_a it_o show_v the_o ground_n of_o some_o strength_n but_o if_o low_a weak_a and_o out_o of_o heart_n lay_v they_o thin_a and_o turn_v the_o weed_n you_o mow_v down_o that_o they_o may_v dry_v and_o when_o they_o rustle_v that_o you_o may_v crumble_v they_o bring_v your_o plough_n and_o turn_v up_o your_o furrow_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v flat_a to_o the_o ground_n one_o green_a swarth_a against_o another_o then_o observe_v how_o broad_a your_o furrow_n so_o turn_v up_o be_v or_o the_o ground_n so_o cover_v and_o leave_v so_o much_o space_n unplough_v between_o furrow_n and_o furrow_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o green_a balk_v and_o a_o furrow_n and_o have_v go_v over_o the_o land_n in_o this_o manner_n take_v a_o paring-shovel_n and_o pare_v up_o the_o furrow_n about_o two_o inch_n thick_a in_o piece_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o length_n make_v they_o in_o little_a hollow_a hill_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o ti_o l_o they_o be_v dry_v well_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o wind_n and_o place_v the_o earthy_a part_n upward_o put_v dry_v fern_n under_o they_o and_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n when_o that_o be_v do_v and_o the_o earthy_a part_n sufficient_o parch_v hack_v over_o the_o furrow_n that_o be_v turn_v up_o then_o beat_v and_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o burn_a clumper_n over_o the_o ground_n mix_v it_o well_o with_o the_o mould_n than_o marle_n it_o plentiful_o which_o do_v plough_v it_o over_o again_o very_a well_o leave_v nothing_o unturned_a up_o and_o then_o the_o fresh_a ground_n mix_v with_o the_o rest_n will_v augment_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o this_o plough_v shall_v proper_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n the_o ground_n thus_o dress_v lime_n it_o a_o little_a and_o this_o lime_a will_n much_o abate_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n or_o any_o other_o encumbrance_n its_o acute_a quality_n dead_v the_o root_n and_o above_o all_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o thistle_n which_o fern_n ground_n natural_o alter_v into_o after_o this_o it_o require_v a_o three_o plough_v very_o deep_a and_o harrow_v it_o well_o but_o my_o advice_n be_v not_o for_o sow_v wheat_n on_o this_o sort_n of_o ground_n it_o not-being_a proper_a for_o it_o unless_o a_o little_a on_o the_o best_a part_n of_o it_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o your_o family_n because_o it_o have_v not_o much_o more_o strength_n than_o the_o manure_n allow_v it_o but_o it_o will_v bear_v excellent_a rye_n the_o first_o three_o year_n and_o the_o four_o barley_n and_o three_o year_n after_o tolerable_a good_a oat_n the_o eight_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v fetch_n or_o lupin_n and_o for_o three_o year_n after_o it_o will_v be_v tolerable_a good_a grass_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n of_o dung_n or_o slimy_a fat_a cast_v of_o ditch_n or_o pond_n you_o must_v after_o sow_v harrow_n it_o well_o and_o close_o it_o for_o though_o it_o be_v sand_n the_o marl_n and_o lime_n will_v make_v it_o cling_v hard_a together_o the_o weed_n that_o after_o this_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o spring_v up_o with_o the_o corn_n be_v fern_n and_o thistle_n where_o the_o lime_n have_v not_o strength_n to_o settle_v and_o destroy_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o appear_v pull_v they_o up_o and_o lay_v they_o on_o heap_n to_o rot_v and_o make_v dung_n chap._n xiii_o of_o order_v and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n subject_a to_o wild_a briar_n twitch_n and_o bush_n etc._n etc._n these_o land_n remain_v in_o their_o nature_n unprofitable_a art_n and_o industry_n be_v require_v to_o render_v they_o advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n cut_v up_o these_o shrub_n or_o under_o wood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v then_o stub_n up_o the_o root_n very_o clean_o and_o they_o will_v in_o a_o manner_n recompense_v the_o labour_n in_o serve_v for_o fuel_n or_o mend_v hedge_n then_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o strong_a harrow_n go_v over_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v weight_n on_o they_o to_o press_v the_o hard_a on_o the_o surface_n tear_v up_o the_o twitch-briar_n that_o have_v escape_v your_o fight_n as_o also_o the_o rough_a grass_n till_o the_o bare_a earth_n appear_v unlade_v the_o harrow_n as_o they_o be_v cloy_v and_o lay_v the_o refuse_n up_o in_o heap_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o dry_v and_o then_o bring_v they_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o burn_v they_o spread_v the_o ash_n and_o plough_v they_o in_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o the_o ash_n untouched_a with_o your_o plough_n hack_v it_o small_a and_o let_v it_o be_v run_v over_o by_o child_n or_o other_o at_o a_o small_a rate_n to_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o remain_a fibre_n or_o root_n that_o appear_v above_o ground_n burn_v they_o also_o and_o scatter_v the_o ash_n on_o the_o land_n to_o manure_v this_o sort_n of_o ground_n the_o best_a manure_n experience_n approve_v of_o be_v horse_n or_o ox-dung_n straw_n rot_v in_o stable_n or_o cow-house_n with_o the_o scour_v of_o the_o yard_n where_o sink_n come_v and_o cattle_n or_o poultry_n trample_v and_o likewise_o the_o scour_n of_o muddy_a ditch_n pond_n brook_n lake_n where_o there_o be_v fat_a slime_n which_o be_v know_v by_o willow_n grow_v and_o thrive_v about_o they_o mingle_v tâ—is_n with_o the_o first_o manure_n then_o harrow_v it_o even_o and_o sow_v it_o after_o that_o harrow_n it_o again_o well_o and_o it_o will_v produce_v exceed_o rich_a maslin_n or_o mixture_n of_o one_o part_v wheat_n and_o two_o of_o rye_n for_o then_o
the_o crop_n will_v be_v more_o certain_a and_o thrive_v the_o better_a and_o this_o will_v hold_v for_o three_o year_n then_o sow_v barley_n after_o that_o oat_n and_o so_o go_v on_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n as_o for_o weed_n you_o must_v do_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o perceive_v the_o weed_n sprout_v up_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n or_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o grow_v again_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o order_v tilling_n and_o enrich_v barren_a land_n encumber_a with_o moor_n or_o moorish_a long_a grass_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o this_o kind_n of_o barren_a sand_n it_o be_v the_o worst_a be_v moorish_a blackish_a wlth_n a_o ill_o send_v bear_v stink_a long_a grass_n or_o moss_n and_o grass_n together_o which_o no_o beast_n though_o hungry_a and_o hard_o feed_v will_v meddle_v withal_o and_o these_o kind_n of_o ground_n be_v common_o full_a of_o moor_n and_o boggy_a wetness_n in_o some_o place_n grow_v moss_n and_o grass_n in_o other_o rush_n which_o last_o be_v the_o best_a kind_n of_o ground_n to_o manure_v and_o be_v general_o extreme_o moist_a and_o cold_a and_o therefore_o when_o you_o enter_v upon_o manure_v it_o it_o must_v be_v drain_v by_o make_v gutter_n into_o ditch_n brook_n or_o some_o neighbour_a river_n with_o sluice_n to_o let_v out_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o and_o keep_v out_o the_o overflowing_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o ample_o speak_v of_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o draining_n fen_n and_o marsh_n boggy_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o considerable_a dryness_n plough_v it_o up_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a plough_n that_o may_v go_v very_o deep_a lay_v before_o the_o plough_n reed_n of_o fetch_n peas-straw_n or_o that_o of_o lupin_n turn_v the_o furrow_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o weed_n that_o they_o may_v be_v bruise_v under_o the_o mould_n and_o so_o order_v every_o furrow_n or_o most_o of_o they_o and_o give_v the_o earth_n time_n to_o rot_v the_o straw_n and_o if_o 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yet_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o compost_n with_o the_o wetness_n that_o you_o may_v let_v in_o at_o pleasure_n it_o will_v produce_v good_a wheat_n for_o three_o year_n then_o sow_v it_o with_o barley_n the_o next_o year_n help_v it_o a_o little_a by_o fold_v sheep_n on_o it_o and_o for_o two_o year_n after_o it_o will_v bear_v rye_n and_o till_o nine_o year_n oat_n and_o pease_n then_o for_o three_o year_n follow_v it_o will_v be_v good_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n after_o which_o time_n it_o must_v be_v dress_v and_o put_v in_o heart_n as_o before_o as_o for_o the_o encumbrance_n the_o corn_n will_v be_v subject_a to_o it_o will_v be_v small_a reed_n and_o seag_n which_o you_o may_v weed_v out_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o see_v they_o well_o appear_v either_o pull_v they_o up_o with_o your_o wooden_a nipper_n or_o cut_v they_o close_o with_o your_o weed-hook_n and_o they_o will_v not_o grow_v again_o chap._n xv._o a_o way_n in_o general_n to_o enrich_v any_o poor_a sand_n or_o clay_n for_o grain_n with_o less_o trouble_n and_o cost_n than_o before_o there_o be_v divers_a thing_n that_o some_o through_o ignorance_n regard_v not_o that_o be_v very_o profitable_a for_o the_o manure_a and_o enrich_n of_o land_n as_o woollen_a rag_n and_o of_o these_o a_o sackful_a and_o a_o half_a be_v sufficient_a for_o dress_v a_o acre_n of_o arable-ground_n be_v ground_n or_o chap_v very_o small_a and_o spread_v a_o equal_a thickness_n over_o the_o land_n before_o fallowing-time_n and_o then_o come_v to_o fallow_a let_v the_o plough_n take_v they_o careful_o into_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v they_o after_o this_o use_n stir_a soil_a ridge_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o good_a husbandry_n in_o their_o proper_a season_n when_o you_o come_v to_o sow_v the_o land_n thus_o order_v to_o make_v the_o seed_n prosper_v the_o better_a steep_v it_o in_o thick_a slimy_a water_n that_o drain_v from_o dunghill_n and_o if_o no_o such_o be_v to_o be_v have_v near-hand_o steep_a cowdung_n in_o water_n and_o soak_v the_o seed_n in_o it_o wheat_n will_v be_v well_o soak_v in_o 18_o hour_n barley_n in_o 36_o pease_n in_o 12_o rye_n and_o oat_n may_v be_v sow_v dry_a for_o they_o receive_v more_o hurt_v than_o advantage_n by_o wet_a cover_v and_o order_v it_o as_o have_v be_v direct_v in_o other_o case_n and_o fear_v not_o a_o extraordinary_a increase_n the_o shave_n or_o waste_v of_o horn_n or_o the_o hoof_n of_o beast_n be_v extraordinary_a good_a to_o dress_v land_n withal_o scatter_v the_o shave_v to_o the_o like_a quantity_n as_o the_o rag_n and_o plough_v they_o in_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o these_o manure_n will_v give_v a_o good_a heart_n to_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n without_o any_o renew_n the_o hoof_n of_o cattle_n be_v approve_v for_o this_o and_o may_v be_v get_v of_o trotter-man_n and_o tripe-man_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o must_v be_v slice_v or_o cut_v small_a and_o strew_v on_o the_o land_n as_o the_o rag_n soap-ash_n when_o the_o lie_n have_v be_v drain_v from_o they_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n to_o strengthen_v land_n beside_o the_o advantage_n it_o have_v of_o kill_a weed_n and_o infect_v that_o breed_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o eat_v up_o the_o corn_n be_v dry_v beat_a and_o light_o scatter_v over_o the_o hair_n of_o beast_n enrich_v land_n be_v strew_v and_o plough_v in_o and_o there_o let_v lie_v to_o rot_v also_o mault-dust_n be_v much_o available_a or_o the_o excrement_n of_o malt_n allow_v three_o quarter_n of_o it_o to_o a_o acre_n and_o to_o enrich_v your_o dung_n on_o the_o lay-stall_n be_v to_o throw_v often_o beef-broth_n and_o other_o waste_a broth_n upon_o it_o as_o also_o soap-sud_n and_o in_o so_o do_v one_o load_n will_v be_v worth_a three_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n that_o be_v not_o so_o use_v if_o you_o continue_v it_o long_o the_o blood_n and_o garbage_n of_o creature_n much_o fatten_v dung_n and_o make_v it_o of_o excellent_a use_n and_o so_o do_v the_o dregs_o of_o oil_n or_o the_o press_n or_o grave_n of_o the_o whale_n or_o any_o other_o sea-fish_n so_o that_o by_o what_o i_o have_v direct_v much_o great_a improvement_n may_v be_v make_v than_o be_v at_o present_a if_o you_o will_v enrich_v barren_a woody_n land_n new_o stub_a for_o increase_n of_o corn_n take_v the_o underwoods_n or_o spray_n place_v they_o in_o a_o great_a hollow_a heap_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o the_o turf_n or_o swarth_n you_o pare_v up_o ear_n h_z and_o all_o then_o put_v fire_n to_o the_o wood_n till_o all_o be_v well_o burn_v break_v the_o earth_n and_o spread_v it_o over_o the_o ground_n mingle_v with_o the_o ash_n of_o the_o wood_n spread_v it_o a_o second_o time_n with_o the_o ash_n of_o fern_n stubble_n straw_n or_o the_o like_a and_o let_v it_o rest_v a_o while_n plough_v it_o and_o soil_n it_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n and_o plouge_v it_o a_o second_o time_n sow_v it_o with_o rye_n the_o first_o crop_n and_o it_o will_v bear_v it_o very_o plentiful_o the_o next_o may_v be_v wheat_n the_o three_o barley_n the_o four_o lupin_n or_o any_o other_o pulse_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o sow_v it_o with_o wheat_n again_o and_o this_o land_n will_v last_v in_o good_a heart_n for_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n and_o long_o where_o there_o be_v any_o natural_a fertility_n in_o the_o soil_n as_o have_v to_o good_a advantage_n be_v experience_v in_o many_o woody_a part_n of_o england_n chap._n xvi_o to_o reduce_v ground_n to_o fertility_n that_o have_v be_v spoil_v by_o salt-water_n or_o overflow_a of_o sea-breache_n this_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a point_n for_o though_o salt-water_n or_o salt-sand_n moderate_o use_v on_o ground_n give_v it_o
disperse_v on_o it_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n you_o desire_v cut_v your_o main_a carriage_n allow_v it_o a_o convenient_a descent_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o good_a current_n all_o along_o and_o let_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v of_o breadth_n rather_o than_o depth_n capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a stream_n you_o desire_v and_o when_o you_o be_v to_o use_v a_o part_n of_o the_o water_n let_v the_o main_a carriage_n narrow_a by_o degree_n that_o at_o the_o end_n it_o may_v press_v the_o more_o forcible_o into_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n that_o issue_v all_o along_o from_o it_o and_o at_o every_o rise_a ground_n and_o other_o proper_a distance_n you_o ought_v to_o cut_v small_a taper_a carriage_n proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n or_o water_n you_o design_n to_o fructify_v which_o must_v be_v very_o shallow_a and_o many_o in_o number_n for_o the_o water_n run_v shallow_a and_o swift_o over_o the_o grass_n great_o revive_v it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v that_o in_o draw_v or_o water_v of_o land_n you_o may_v make_v drain_v to_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o water_n the_o carriage_n be_v on_o and_o therefore_o they_o must_v bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o it_o though_o not_o so_o large_a and_o as_o the_o water_n be_v conduct_v by_o the_o lesser_a carriage_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n so_o the_o lesser_a drain_v must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o low_a place_n to_o lead_v the_o water_n off_o and_o as_o the_o carriage_n lessen_v so_o must_v they_o widen_v as_o they_o run_v to_o drain_v the_o water_n well_o off_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o land_n be_v well_o soak_v into_o other_o ground_n for_o if_o water_n be_v leave_v in_o low_a place_n it_o prove_v very_o injurious_a to_o the_o grass_n in_o the_o winter_n it_o kill_v it_o and_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n much_o hinder_v its_o growth_n breed_v rush_n and_o weed_n though_o when_o drain_v produce_v good_a pasture_n be_v you_o water_n droughty_a land_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n do_v it_o in_o the_o night_n or_o a_o very_a cloudy_a temperate_a day_n take_v it_o off_o again_o before_o the_o sunbeam_n shine_v hot_a upon_o it_o leave_v that_o conspire_v with_o the_o heat_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n deaden_a or_o sicken_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n so_o as_o it_o wither_v and_o flag_n rather_o than_o grow_v to_o any_o great_a advantage_n in_o some_o place_n for_o the_o more_o ease_n of_o water_v you_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o command_v a_o small_a stream_n or_o spring_n and_o to_o bring_v it_o down_o by_o carriage_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o proportion_v they_o small_a or_o great_a according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n you_o can_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v little_a from_o drill_a spring_n make_v stop_v in_o the_o carriage_n that_o it_o may_v water_v one_o land_n first_o and_o then_o by_o the_o drain_v convey_v it_o to_o that_o which_o lie_v low_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n to_o all_o as_o conveniency_n will_v admit_v and_o the_o small_a spring_n in_o constant_o work_v will_v bring_v much_o improvement_n as_o for_o spring_n that_o produce_v a_o hard_a harsh_a water_n proceed_v from_o alomy_n vitrioline_n and_o coal_n mine_n or_o mineral_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v on_o land_n unless_o for_o the_o destroy_n of_o rush_n and_o weed_n and_o afterward_o the_o acrimony_n take_v off_o by_o mollify_a water_n or_o well_o dung_v with_o fat_a and_o nourish_a soil_n to_o amend_v the_o barrenness_n and_o produce_v store_n of_o grass_n chap._n xx._n the_o proper_a way_n effectual_o to_o drain_n land_n and_o reduce_v it_o to_o fertility_n either_o arable_a or_o pasture_n when_o land_n be_v much_o encumber_v by_o water_n and_o thereby_o render_v as_o it_o be_v useless_a especial_o where_o there_o be_v a_o superfluity_n of_o venomous_a corrupt_a water_n lie_v in_o the_o earth_n much_o occasion_v bogginess_n you_o may_v nevertheless_o consider_v that_o this_o land_n with_o some_o labour_n and_o cost_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v very_o good_a and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o procure_n of_o it_o to_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o plain_a rule_n and_o direction_n take_v special_a care_n in_o drain_n such_o ground_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v feed_v spring_n and_o observe_v in_o this_o case_n the_o descent_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_a by_o the_o drain_n take_v away_o all_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v of_o little_a value_n therefore_o observe_v the_o low_a level_n of_o your_o drain_n and_o so_o low_a that_o you_o may_v draw_v off_o your_o water_n and_o not_o any_o low_a can_v you_o carry_v it_o away_o by_o this_o mean_n therefore_o be_v especial_o careful_a herein_o and_o than_o if_o you_o can_v get_v a_o low_a descent_n from_o this_o carry_v your_o drain_n upon_o the_o level_n till_o you_o find_v certain_o you_o be_v get_v under_o the_o moisture_n miryness_n and_o water_n that_o either_o feed_v the_o bog_n or_o cover_v the_o land_n and_o go_v a_o spade_n graft_n or_o thereabouts_o deep_o and_o so_o you_o need_v not_o tie_v yourself_o to_o a_o dead_a leavel_n but_o as_o the_o moisture_n lie_v high_a or_o ground_n rise_v so_o may_v you_o rise_v in_o the_o work_n your_o drain_n keep_v one_o spade_n graft_v under_o it_o observe_v that_o in_o cold_a rushy_a land_n this_o kind_n of_o water_n that_o create_v much_o barrenness_n be_v find_v beneath_o the_o first_o and_o second_o swarth_a of_o the_o land_n and_o beneath_o that_o you_o most_o frequent_o find_v a_o little_a gravel_n or_o stonyness_n in_o which_o this_o water_n be_v and_o sometime_o below_o these_o in_o a_o hungry_a gravel_n but_o it_o usual_o lie_v deep_a in_o boggy_a land_n than_o in_o rushy_a and_o a_o spade_n graft_v you_o must_v go_v deep_a than_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o as_o for_o the_o matter_n cause_v the_o bog_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v sometme_n lie_v within_o two_o foot_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o usual_o within_o three_o or_o four_o though_o some_o lie_v far_o deep_o as_o six_o and_o eight_o or_o more_o and_o have_v find_v this_o spring_n that_o will_v willing_o break_v out_o be_v it_o not_o encumber_v by_o the_o load_n of_o earth_n it_o be_v force_v to_o wheeze_v through_o and_o break_v its_o way_n by_o much_o spread_a dig_v a_o foot_n beneath_o it_o give_v it_o a_o current_n in_o the_o drain_n and_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a it_o will_v suck_v all_o the_o other_o spring_n to_o it_o and_o make_v the_o boggy_a spunginess_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o cease_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n a_o dryness_n will_v ensue_v make_v your_o drain_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n trench_v it_o in_o the_o sound_a ground_n or_o else_o in_o some_o low_a ditch_n so_o low_a as_o you_o conceive_v it_o under_o the_o spring_n or_o spewing-water_n then_o carry_v up_o the_o trench_n into_o the_o boggy_a straight_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o one_o foot_n under_o that_o spewing-water_n or_o spring_n upon_o the_o level_n unless_o it_o rise_v high_a for_o many_o time_n it_o rise_v as_o the_o land_n rise_v and_o at_o other_o time_n rise_v very_o level_a even_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o bog_n into_o which_o you_o must_v carry_v your_o drain_n or_o within_o two_o or_o three_o yard_n of_o the_o head_n of_o it_o then_o at_o the_o head_n strike_v another_o trench_n overthwart_o both_o way_n at_o the_o middle_a trench_n as_o far_o as_o the_o bog_n go_v all_o along_o the_o end_n of_o it_o continue_v at_o least_o one_o foot_n under_o it_o and_o this_o may_v work_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o more_o trench_v or_o to_o work_v it_o somewhat_o more_o certain_o consider_v after_o you_o have_v bring_v a_o trench_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bog_n then_o cut_v a_o substantial_a trench_n about_o it_o according_a to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o bog_n whether_o round_o square_a or_o long_o or_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n within_o the_o boggy_a ground_n for_o so_o far_o it_o will_v drain_v well_o that_o which_o you_o leave_v without_o the_o trench_n underneath_o the_o spring-water_n round_o and_o when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v make_v one_o work_n or_o two_o overthwart_o it_o upward_o and_o downward_o all_o under_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o bog_n and_o in_o a_o year_n at_o further_a your_o desire_n will_v be_v answer_v chap._n xxi_o to_o drain_n fenny_a and_o marshy_a land_n with_o the_o least_o charge_n and_o most_o effectual_o etc._n etc._n fenny_a and_o marshy_a ground_n be_v another_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v and_o great_a advantage_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o well_a drain_n they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convert_v
expedition_n to_o make_v this_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o tough_a willow_n timber_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o spade_n stale_a somewhat_o straight_o only_o at_o the_o nether_a end_n it_o must_v look_v a_o little_a up_o with_o a_o neck_n like_o a_o foot_n to_o run_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o just_a above_o the_o neck_n must_v be_v place_v a_o little_a coulter_n to_o shear_v or_o cut_v the_o ground_n first_o on_o one_o side_n the_o trench_n and_o then_o on_o the_o other_o and_o where_o this_o coulter_n be_v wedge_v in_o the_o stale_a must_v be_v plate_v with_o iron_n to_o hold_v it_o the_o firm_a and_o have_v cast_v your_o trench_n by_o line_n then_o use_v this_o to_o cut_v out_o the_o side_n of_o the_o trench_n which_o it_o will_v do_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o a_o man_n can_v follow_v it_o cut_v it_o out_o to_o the_o end_n by_o run_v along_o the_o line_n and_o when_o one_o side_n be_v do_v place_v it_o to_o the_o other_o and_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o plain_a trenching-plough_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v this_o do_v with_o more_o exactness_n than_o place_n in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o little_a brazen_a wheel_n about_o 4_o inch_n high_a that_o the_o foot_n bear_v itself_o light_o on_o the_o wheel_n may_v bear_v itself_o with_o more_o ease_n but_o this_o wheel_n must_v be_v well_o plant_v in_o the_o foot_n upon_o plate_n and_o a_o little_a iron_n axletree_n and_o these_o you_o may_v use_v to_o cut_v turf_n overthwart_o and_o trench_n 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n broad_a or_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o be_v require_v to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n and_o this_o turf_n and_o earth_n take_v up_o by_o a_o trenching-spade_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o swarth_a bare_a ground_n or_o fill_v up_o low_a place_n the_o turning-spade_n must_v be_v make_v with_o a_o bite_v look_v up_o twice_o so_o much_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o ordinary_a spade_n with_o a_o fine_a thin_a shoe_v also_o look_v up_o the_o bite_v of_o it_o very_o well_o steel_v and_o more_o broad_a at_o the_o point_n or_o nether-end_n of_o the_o bite_v than_o at_o the_o overend_n by_o half_a a_o inch_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n it_o will_v take_v up_o turf_n all_o of_o one_o thickness_n just_o be_v a_o natural_a height_n as_o a_o man_n stand_v when_o he_o usual_o shovel_n and_o one_o of_o the_o same_o form_n a_o little_a less_o may_v be_v use_v with_o advantage_n in_o cleanse_v the_o bottom_n of_o trench_n and_o be_v very_o useful_a in_o bank_v and_o level_v high_a ant-hill_n the_o trench_a spade_n be_v another_o instrument_n very_o useful_a in_o this_o great_a work_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v between_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n broad_a the_o tree_n must_v be_v make_v more_o of_o compass_n and_o look_v up_o by_o far_o than_o your_o ordinary_a spade_n so_o that_o it_o may_v carry_v a_o trench_n level_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n move_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o arm_n and_o guide_v by_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n the_o spade_n shoe_n must_v be_v make_v with_o two_o side_n or_o lâ—ngets_v up_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bite_v as_o if_o two_o broad_a knive_n blade_n be_v place_v on_o a_o common_a spade_n to_o look_v uâ—ward_o with_o their_o point_n from_o the_o end_n of_o your_o spade_n bite_v but_o they_o must_v be_v make_v a_o little_o strong_a yet_o not_o above_o 2_o inch_n broad_a at_o the_o very_o bite_v as_o thin_a as_o the_o work_n will_v bear_v and_o narrow_a and_o narrow_a upward_o till_o it_o come_v to_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o 5_o inch_n long_o make_v very_o true_a and_o exact_a sharp_a and_o smooth_a or_o it_o will_v not_o work_v forâ—h_o its_o coâ—r_n and_o furrow_n clear_o and_o easy_o but_o exceed_v the_o strength_n of_o a_o man_n to_o manage_v it_o in_o make_v good_a work_n this_o tool_n cut_v out_o its_o furrow_n and_o coat_n so_o well_o that_o within_o a_o week_n if_o your_o turn_n be_v serve_v you_o may_v lay_v it_o down_o again_o in_o the_o same_o evenness_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o way_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o grass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v a_o little_a settle_a it_o will_v become_v of_o its_o former_a evenness_n with_o the_o other_o ground_n the_o paring-spade_n be_v another_o tool_n useful_a in_o this_o work_n the_o bite_v of_o this_o may_v be_v make_v all_o of_o iron_n be_v a_o strong_a iron_n plate_n have_v a_o convenient_a socket_n to_o put_v a_o straight_a helve_z or_o stale_a into_o that_o it_o may_v be_v fasten_v not_o easy_a to_o come_v forth_o again_o but_o when_o you_o please_v the_o bite_v must_v be_v make_v 20_o inch_n long_o the_o nether-end_n and_o two_o side_n well_o steel_v the_o nether-part_n of_o the_o bite_v a_o little_a belly_a or_o square_v and_o the_o side_n a_o little_a compass_v or_o hollow_v and_o the_o side_n and_o end_n as_o sharp_a as_o they_o can_v be_v make_v for_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o it_o be_v now_o and_o then_o to_o cut_v a_o trench_n in_o valley_n and_o low_a place_n where_o the_o trenching-plough_n either_o wheel_v or_o plain_a can_v convenient_o come_v at_o it_o yet_o principal_o to_o pare_v off_o trench_n after_o the_o first_o year_n who_o edge_n will_v grow_v so_o thick_a with_o grass_n that_o the_o water_n as_o to_o its_o currency_n in_o pass_v will_v be_v obstruct_v and_o to_o dig_v it_o will_v break_v the_o trench_n and_o cut_v it_o too_o thick_a but_o with_o this_o as_o with_o a_o cutting-knife_n you_o may_v take_v it_o off_o all_o along_o the_o trench_n line_n the_o trenching-gauge_n be_v another_o instrument_n make_v like_o a_o long_a shovel_n with_o a_o sharp_a shoe_n semicirl_v at_o the_o end_n the_o stale_a a_o little_a bend_n upward_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o the_o trenching-spade_n in_o a_o round_o bottom_v trench_n chap._n xxiii_o the_o best_a way_n to_o improve_v drain_v fen-land_n to_o great_a advantage_n etc._n etc._n have_v already_o give_v direction_n for_o draining_n and_o how_o to_o procure_v material_n in_o order_n to_o perfect_v so_o necessary_a a_o work_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a now_o for_o i_o to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o advantage_n accrue_v thereby_o as_o for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o dry_a fen-land_n and_o sometime_o but_o partly_o under_o water_n and_o that_o not_o always_o i_o consider_v it_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o be_v the_o best_a capable_a of_o raise_v present_a profit_n and_o if_o you_o have_v enough_o other_o ground_n for_o graze_v and_o meadow_n you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o and_o it_o will_v prove_v excellent_a hemp_n and_o oad-land_n produce_v great_a crop_n of_o cole_n and_o rape-seed_n which_o will_v indeed_o grow_v on_o worse_a land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o little_a marling_n liming_n ashing_n and_o dung_v you_o may_v improve_v it_o to_o bear_v excellent_a wheat_n barley_n or_o rye_n order_v it_o as_o have_v be_v direct_v for_o barren-land_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o sort_n of_o grain_n there_o be_v a_o second_o sort_n subject_a only_a to_o be_v drown_v by_o upland_n flood_n and_o great_a rain_n and_o dry_a when_o they_o be_v go_v or_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n this_o i_o count_v worse_o than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v plough_v up_o raise_v it_o as_o high_a as_o your_o drain_v will_n carry_v off_o the_o water_n in_o the_o land_n 3_o yard_n over_o that_o will_v bear_v two_o cast_v of_o seed_n change_v your_o furrow_n in_o plough_v to_o stir_v up_o the_o mould_n the_o better_a that_o the_o water_n may_v soak_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o drain-furrow_n and_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o make_v your_o last_o furrow_n always_o in_o one_o place_n as_o for_o the_o manure_a it_o let_v it_o be_v with_o lime_n chalk_n ash_n hot_a dung_n as_o horse-dung_n cowdung_n or_o the_o like_a so_o in_o the_o usual_a plough_v it_o will_v bear_v excellent_a wheat_n oat_n pease_n and_o hold_v good_a so_o for_o three_o year_n but_o over_o plough_v this_o kind_n of_o land_n take_v the_o heart_n out_o of_o it_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v it_o the_o most_o convenient_a after_o three_o year_n sow_v to_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n or_o a_o four_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v it_o with_o clover_n though_o it_o will_v bear_v corn_n much_o long_o but_o not_o a_o considerable_a crop_n till_o it_o have_v rest_v two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o recover_v its_o spirit_n and_o when_o you_o lay_v it_o down_o scatter_v it_o light_o over_o with_o good_a hay-seed_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v very_o low_a and_o deep_a and_o have_v be_v long_o under_o water_n before_o recover_v that_o it_o be_v
so_o shall_v the_o compost_n and_o manure_v which_o be_v lay_v on_o not_o be_v soon_o wash_v away_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n because_o the_o furrow_n not_o lie_v straight_o downward_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o rain_n stop_v and_o can_v descend_v and_o so_o the_o soil_n be_v keep_v in_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v a_o husbandman_n care_n to_o know_v what_o cattle_n be_v fit_a for_o draught_n and_o the_o tillage_n of_o his_o ground_n whether_o ox_n or_o horse_n or_o both_o of_o they_o together_o in_o cold_a stony_a mountianous_a country_n horse_n be_v prefer_v though_o in_o most_o county_n ox_n be_v sure_a and_o of_o great_a value_n in_o this_o labour_n as_o be_v steady_a very_o strong_a and_o sober_a in_o their_o pace_n so_o that_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v plough_v deep_a and_o careful_o and_o beside_o when_o their_o labour_n be_v do_v they_o turn_v to_o advantage_n by_o their_o hide_n flesh_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o many_o county_n horse_n be_v prefer_v because_o they_o serve_v for_o other_o use_n not_o proper_a to_o those_o and_o endure_v wet_a and_o hardship_n better_o and_o indeed_o in_o drive_v if_o you_o make_v that_o speed_n with_o your_o ox_n as_o you_o do_v with_o your_o horse_n you_o will_v not_o only_o tire_v overheat_v bruise_v and_o spoil_v they_o but_o render_v they_o unfit_a for_o labour_n or_o feed_v but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n to_o keep_v ox_n and_o horse_n put_v the_o first_o to_o plough_v near_o home_o and_o keep_v they_o to_o their_o moderate_a pace_n only_o and_o they_o will_v do_v well_o enough_o and_o let_v the_o letter_n draw_v the_o cart_n or_o be_v use_v at_o the_o plough_n where_o expedition_n be_v require_v according_a to_o the_o road_n or_o ground_n as_o the_o country_n lay_v or_o the_o fashion_n use_v among_o your_o neighbour_n though_o i_o can_v consent_v that_o custom_n be_v so_o much_o to_o be_v follow_v as_o some_o plead_v for_o if_o it_o be_v disonant_a to_o reason_n and_o true_a experience_n therefore_o industrious_a husbandman_n try_v many_o way_n and_o stick_v to_o that_o which_o redound_v to_o their_o best_a advantage_n chap._n xxix_o proper_a thing_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o do_v throughout_o the_o twelve_o month_n in_o the_o year_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o which_o a_o husbandman_n ought_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o and_o that_o be_v proper_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o particular_a labour_n and_o these_o i_o shall_v brief_o set_v down_o as_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o present_a discourse_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n if_o you_o live_v in_o a_o good_a fertile_a soil_n among_o rich_a simple_a clay_n in_o the_o first_o place_n plough_v up_o the_o pease-ground_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v to_o take_v bait_n before_o it_o be_v sow_o but_o if_o in_o fruitful_a and_o well-mixed_a soil_n then_o in_o this_o month_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a water_z such_o pasture_n and_o meadow-ground_n as_o require_v it_o drain_n and_o make_v dry_a arable-land_n especial_o where_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v pease_n oat_n or_o barley_n the_o follow_a seedtime_n stub_n up_o the_o rough_a ground_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o for_o your_o own_o health_n keep_v warm_a your_o body_n feed_v on_o good_a wholesome_a diet_n and_o rather_o with_o exercise_n than_o sauce_n whet_v and_o increase_v your_o appetite_n in_o february_n set_v or_o sow_v all_o sort_n of_o bean_n pease_n and_o other_o pulse_n and_o the_o stiff_a your_o ground_n be_v begin_v your_o arable_a toil_n the_o soon_o forbear_n mentz_n that_o be_v slimey_a take_v heed_n of_o cold_a and_o plegmatick_a humour_n and_o if_o need_v or_o any_o accident_n require_v bath_n and_o purge_v and_o if_o the_o wether_n be_v suitable_a you_o may_v bleed_v but_o not_o too_o lavish_o in_o march_n end_v the_o sow_a season_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o small_a pulse_n and_o begin_v barley_n rye_n and_o oat_n the_o rye_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v march_n rye_n this_o month_n if_o necessity_n require_v it_o you_o may_v often_o bathe_v but_o not_o bleed_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o extremity_n purge_v gentle_o and_o let_v your_o diet_n be_v temperate_a and_o cool_a april_n require_v you_o to_o finish_v up_o your_o barley_n seedtime_n and_o order_v your_o ground_n for_o the_o sow_v of_o hemp_n and_o flax_n cut_v down_o great_a oak-timber_n that_o the_o bark_n may_v the_o better_o rise_v scour_v pond_n and_o ditch_n and_o gather_v what_o manure_n you_o can_v to_o your_o lay-stall_n lay_v your_o meadow_n slight_a and_o your_o corn-ground_n gather_v stone_n from_o off_o the_o land_n set_v osier_n and_o willow_n to_o make_v good_a your_o fence_n cast_v up_o bank_n and_o ruin_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o all_o decay_a fence_n and_o where_o health_n require_v it_o purge_n bath_n or_o bleed_v use_v moderate_a exercise_n which_o stir_v the_o humour_n in_o the_o body_n and_o cause_v a_o healthful_a constitution_n with_o the_o use_n of_o temperate_a meat_n and_o drink_v which_o nature_n belong_v after_o in_o may_v sow_v barley_n upon_o all_o light_n sands_n and_o burn_a ground_n as_o also_o flax_n hemp_n and_o tender_a seed_n summer-stir_a your_o mix_a earth_n fallow_a your_o stiff_a clay_n soil_n all_o light_n and_o loose_a sand_n as_o for_o barren_a earth_n prepare_v it_o for_o rye_n and_o wheat_n stub_n the_o root_n of_o broom_n or_o fern_n goss_n or_o fur_n burn_v bait_n begin_v to_o fold_v your_o sheep_n carry_v out_o manure_v and_o bring_v home_n fence_v and_o fuel_n weed_v winter-corn_n cut_v all_o sort_n of_o grass_n either_o in_o father_n or_o pasture_n for_o your_o health_n use_v drink_v that_o will_v cool_v and_o purge_v the_o blood_n in_o june_n carry_v marle_n sand_n lime_n and_o other_o manure_n of_o any_o kind_n to_o the_o land_n lay_v up_o store_n of_o 〈◊〉_d shear_v your_o fat_a sort_n of_o sheep_n early_o cut_v rank_n low_a meadow_n and_o for_o health_n be_v temperate_a in_o diet._n in_o july_n take_v seasonable_a wether_n for_o your_o hay_n harvest_n for_o there_o be_v much_o discomodity_n and_o loss_n in_o neglect_n summer-stir_a rich_a stiff_a ground_n latter-soil_n all_o loose_a hot_a sand_n soil_n all_o mix_a ground_n fence_v up_o your_o copice_n graze_v your_o elder_a underwoods_n and_o bring_v home_o all_o field-timber_n as_o for_o health_n abstain_v from_o bleed_v and_o purge_v unless_o in_o necessitous_a case_n be_v not_o over-venerous_a nor_o meddle_v not_o with_o superfluity_n of_o strong_a liquor_n in_o august_n apply_v yourself_o to_o take_v the_o best_a seasonable_a time_n for_o your_o corn-harvest_n mow_v rye_n wheat_n barley_n and_o oat_n and_o be_v moderate_a in_o all_o your_o diet_n labour_n and_o exercise_n for_o this_o month_n be_v full_a of_o disease_n very_o dangerous_a to_o life_n in_o september_n cut_v up_o your_o bean_n pease_n and_o all_o other_o pulse_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o your_o harvest_n manure_v your_o wheat-land_n sow_v rye_n and_o wheat_n in_o rich_a and_o barren_a ground_n thatch_n your_o stack_n of_o wheat_n thrash_v wheat_n and_o rye_n and_o order_v all_o your_o necessary_a affair_n abroad_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v hinder_v by_o overflowing_n occasion_v by_o great_a rain_n or_o fall_a snow_n or_o the_o break_n of_o the_o ground_n into_o deep_a way_n for_o healths-sake_n this_o month_n physic_n moderate_o forbear_v eat_v too_o much_o fruit_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v too_o lucious_a lest_o they_o infect_v the_o blood_n and_o create_v disease_n and_o be_v temperate_a in_o meat_n and_o drink_n in_o october_n finish_v your_o wheat-sowing_a scour_v ditch_n and_o pond_n for_o manure_v pluâ—h_n hedges_n and_o set_v quickset_n make_v a_o end_n of_o winter-ridging_a draw_v furrow_n to_o keep_v dry_a by_o well-draining_a your_o new-sown_a corn_n make_v store_n of_o malt._n for_o health_n take_v moderate_a physic_n from_o a_o skilful_a land_n use_v moderate_a recreation_n and_o feed_v well_o on_o wholesome_a diet._n in_o november_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o sow_v either_o rye_n or_o wheat_n in_o very_o hot_a soil_n cut_v down_o all_o sort_n of_o timber_n for_o plough_n cart_n and_o axletree_n and_o other_o husbandry-utensil_n or_o instrument_n break_v all_o such_o flax_n and_o hemp_n as_o be_v design_v for_o spin_v and_o use_n in_o the_o winter-season_n for_o health_n and_o vigour_n eat_v strong_a wholesome_a meat_n for_o good_a digestion_n and_o unless_o in_o extreme_a case_n there_o be_v neither_o need_n of_o physician_n nor_o physic_n for_o all_o dangerous_a disease_n be_v still_o unless_o excess_n stir_v they_o up_o by_o surfeit_n and_o other_o force_n of_o the_o good_a constitution_n and_o unnatural_a temper_n of_o the_o body_n in_o december_n begin_v to_o plough_v up_o your_o ground_n whereon_o you_o only_o intend_v to_o sow_v clean_a bean_n drain_v your_o cornfield_n if_o it_o be_v open_a wether_n
lay_v a_o indifferent_a weight_n upon_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v break_v the_o small_a clumper_n and_o smooth_a the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o hemp_n it_o need_v not_o be_v weed_v at_o all_o because_o this_o will_v out_o strip_v and_o choke_v they_o but_o if_o with_o flax_n or_o line_n be_v a_o much_o tender_a seed_n bring_v forth_o many_o more_o tender_a leaf_n and_o branch_n then_o observe_v how_o the_o weed_n spring_v up_o and_o pluck_v they_o away_o till_o the_o flax_n be_v well_o spring_v and_o then_o it_o will_v conquer_v they_o and_o not_o be_v overgrow_v by_o they_o as_o for_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o ground_n you_o shall_v dress_v it_o as_o you_o do_v the_o clayey_a barren_a ground_n i_o have_v mention_v chap._n beginning_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o appoint_v or_o indeed_o if_o urgent_a occasion_n detain_v you_o from_o it_o you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o about_o michaelmas_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o march_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a seedtime_n plough_v it_o again_o and_o manure_v it_o as_o the_o clay-ground_n hack_v it_o and_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v rough_a and_o stiff_a harrow_v it_o before_o you_o sow_v it_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v small_a and_o as_o level_v as_o possible_a break_v the_o clots_n if_o any_o remain_n with_o your_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o first_o shower_n have_v well_o moisten_v it_o go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o even_o but_o very_o weighty_a rowler_n tread_v the_o ground_n as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o swift_a it_o be_v draw_v the_o better_a it_o will_v crumble_v the_o ground_n under_o it_o as_o for_o weed_n here_o you_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v yourself_o for_o the_o earth_n purposely_o thus_o order_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o they_o and_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o any_o nor_o shall_v you_o have_v any_o trouble_n in_o dress_v it_o above_o once_o in_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n nor_o plough_v it_o after_o the_o first_o year_n but_o at_o seed-time_n if_o you_o can_v get_v with_o drag_v or_o engine_n the_o broad_a black-leaved_n seaweed_n call_v ore-weed_n grow_v in_o great_a tust_n abundant_o about_o the_o seashore_n cover_v the_o land_n with_o they_o and_o so_o plough_v they_o in_o as_o they_o may_v be_v bury_v to_o rot_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o will_v be_v excellent_a manure_n give_v much_o strength_n and_o heart_n to_o the_o ground_n chap._n xxxviii_o to_o order_v hemp_n and_o flax_n when_o ripe_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n have_v thus_o treat_v on_o hemp_n and_o flax_n as_o to_o the_o sow_v it_o to_o profit_n and_o advantage_n not_o to_o omit_v my_o former_a method_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o speak_v something_o brief_o as_o to_o the_o order_n it_o when_o ripe_a and_o gather_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o render_v it_o useful_a flax_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o ripeness_n be_v know_v by_o the_o yellowness_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n at_o which_o time_n gather_v it_o and_o bound_v it_o in_o little_a bundle_n set_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v that_o the_o seed_n may_v fall_v out_o into_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o gather_v up_o and_o keep_v they_o for_o use_n viz._n either_o for_o sow_v feed_v bird_n make_v of_o medicine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o they_o fall_v not_o out_o spontanious_o you_o must_v rake_v they_o out_o with_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v or_o by_o beat_v with_o a_o pole_n card_v or_o the_o like_a when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o and_o the_o bundle_n be_v well_o dry_v lay_v they_o in_o water_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o float_v by_o press_v they_o down_o with_o weight_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o wet_a have_v make_v the_o rind_n very_o loose_a conclude_v they_o to_o be_v steep_v enough_o then_o take_v they_o out_o unbind_v the_o bundle_n and_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n again_o then_o peel_v of_o the_o rind_n and_o hatchel_v it_o on_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v fasten_v to_o a_o block_n with_o many_o long_a iron_n tooth_n and_o beat_v the_o stalk_n till_o they_o become_v loose_a and_o pliant_a so_o that_o they_o may_v in_o dress_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o fine_a short_a thread_n and_o dress_v they_o as_o the_o rind_n though_o upon_o fine_a comb_n or_o hatchel_n have_v for_o this_o purpose_n several_a degree_n of_o they_o as_o to_o fineness_n anoint_v the_o spikes_n or_o tooth_n with_o oil_n that_o they_o may_v slip_v the_o glibber_n and_o so_o you_o may_v bring_v it_o fit_a for_o use_v in_o make_v linnen-cloth_n etc._n etc._n of_o hemp_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a the_o first_o bear_v no_o flower_n but_o a_o seed_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o latter_a bear_v a_o flower_n the_o stalk_v be_v full_a of_o knot_n out_o of_o which_o proceed_v many_o branch_n sharp_a jagged_a or_o indent_v the_o root_n of_o this_o descend_v into_o the_o ground_n a_o very_a considerable_a depth_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v deep_a plough_v than_o the_o former_a it_o grow_v very_o fast_o and_o a_o prodigious_a height_n in_o some_o country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o its_o nature_n require_v water_n at_o the_o root_n or_o to_o be_v sow_v in_o somewhat_o a_o moist_a ground_n prosper_v the_o better_a the_o thick_a it_o be_v sow_o and_o may_v be_v order_v and_o dress_v in_o all_o respect_n like_o flax_n be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o nation_n chap._n thirty-nine_o how_o to_o plant_v and_o order_n saffron_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n saffron_n be_v not_o the_o least_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n in_o medicine_n for_o comfort_v the_o heart_n and_o expel_v all_o ill_a vapour_n that_o have_v death_n for_o their_o attendant_n if_o not_o timely_o remove_v and_o therefore_o if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v plant_v cherish_v and_o improve_v but_o there_o be_v other_o for_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n great_o recompense_v his_o labour_n if_o care_n be_v take_v about_o it_o as_o those_o in_o suffolk_n essex_n and_o cambridge-shire_n where_o it_o grow_v in_o abundance_n experimental_o find_v it_o will_v grow_v upon_o indifferent_a ground_n with_o little_a manure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o stiff_a clay_n too_o cold_a or_o wet_a but_o rather_o a_o compound_n most_o incline_a to_o red_a sand_n and_o somewhat_o stony_a though_o a_o fine_a mellow_a mould_n produce_v it_o better_o plough_v this_o well_o and_o make_v the_o mould_n small_a with_o the_o go_v over_o of_o harrow_n and_o beat_v the_o clumper_n lay_v the_o land_n high_a as_o for_o wheat_n with_o convenient_a ridge_n then_o with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n like_o a_o ho_o with_o a_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o inch_v broad_a bit_n draw_v the_o furrow_n long_a way_n pretty_a deep_a place_v your_o root_n or_o set_v in_o they_o for_o from_o the_o seed_n no_o advantage_n arise_v unless_o they_o be_v transplant_v let_v they_o be_v place_v about_o two_o inch_n one_o from_o other_o and_o set_v about_o three_o inch_n deep_a then_o draw_v another_o furrow_n so_o near_o that_o the_o mould_v turn_v out_o of_o it_o may_v cover_v the_o former_a root_n and_o so_o one_o after_o another_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v effect_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o the_o last_o into_o which_o you_o must_v draw_v what_o mould_n come_v next_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o set_v they_o be_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n or_o beginning_n of_o july_n leave_v range_n or_o space_n between_o the_o furrow_n that_o a_o small_a hoe_n may_v pass_v to_o take_v away_o the_o weed_n all_o winter_n they_o will_v appear_v green_a like_z sives_z but_o in_o the_o summer_n soon_o after_o the_o flower_n decay_v it_o appear_v to_o dry_v or_o wither_v in_o september_n the_o flower_n be_v blue_a and_o lovely_a to_o behold_v come_v up_o without_o any_o green_a leaf_n or_o spire_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o flower_n you_o will_v find_v two_o three_o or_o four_o blade_n of_o saffron_n stand_v upright_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o flower_n spread_v itself_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v they_o thus_o to_o put_v out_o draw_v they_o forth_o between_o your_o finger_n and_o thumb_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o thick_a clean_a linnen-bag_n the_o better_a to_o preserve_v the_o scent_n do_v this_o every_o morning_n or_o otherways_o it_o will_v return_v into_o the_o flower_n or_o earth_n and_o you_o can_v with_o any_o conveniency_n come_v at_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o this_o you_o may_v do_v for_o a_o month_n together_o the_o flower_n continual_o increase_v and_o therefore_o the_o number_n of_o your_o saffron-picker_n must_v
be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o your_o crop_n that_o it_o be_v gather_v with_o expedition_n no_o time_n but_o the_o morning_n be_v proper_a to_o do_v it_o in_o saffron_n will_v grow_v to_o bear_v two_o successive_a crop_n but_o no_o more_o for_o than_o you_o must_v transplant_v the_o young_a root_n and_o lay_v the_o elder_a aside_o as_o useless_a these_o root_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o the_o bushel_n and_o two_o bushel_n of_o good_a one_o will_v sufficient_o furnish_v a_o acre_n of_o land_n so_o order_v as_o direct_v the_o season_n for_o take_v it_o up_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o july_n or_o you_o may_v do_v it_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n if_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o dry_a saffron_n when_o gather_v you_o must_v make_v a_o kiln_n of_o clay_n not_o quite_o half_a so_o large_a as_o a_o beehive_n though_o in_o form_n like_o it_o with_o small_a stick_v lay_v over_o and_o it_o must_v be_v tend_v with_o a_o moderate_a charcolefire_n turn_v and_o order_v so_o that_o that_o it_o may_v dry_v well_o in_o every_o part_n and_o to_o know_v when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o dry_v reduce_v three_o pound_n as_o it_o grow_v wet_a or_o moist_a to_o one_o when_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v sufficient_o order_v and_o of_o a_o good_a acre_n you_o may_v expect_v fifteen_o pound_n of_o well_o dry_a and_o good_a condition_a saffron_n though_o two_o pound_n at_o the_o rate_n it_o go_v will_v much_o overbalance_n your_o charge_n and_o labour_n chap._n xl._n claver_fw-la or_o clover-grass_n how_o in_o the_o best_a manner_n to_o order_v the_o seed_n sow_n and_o increase_v it_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o claver_fw-la call_v vulgar_o clover-grass_n from_o whence_o great_a advantage_n spring_v in_o the_o improvement_n of_o barren_a land_n it_o be_v my_o intent_n to_o encourage_v the_o industruous_a husbandman_n in_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v convenient_a for_o improvement_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o for_o the_o land_n proper_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o this_o i_o hold_v that_o best_a that_o be_v dry_a and_o warm_a for_o though_o it_o be_v coarse_a yet_o with_o a_o little_a manure_n it_o will_v produce_v excellent_a grass_n of_o this_o kind_n land_n that_o have_v be_v sow_v so_o often_o with_o corn_n that_o it_o will_v well_o bear_v it_o no_o long_o without_o new_a dress_n will_n nevertheless_o serve_v this_o turn_n especial_o earthy_a well-mixed_a land_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n with_o a_o little_a improvement_n be_v excellent_a for_o it_o you_o for_o this_o may_v manure_v it_o with_o dung_n marle_n lime_n or_o chalk_v beat_v small_a and_o last_o your_o natural_a cold_a land_n so_o order_v will_v turn_v to_o good_a improvement_n if_o it_o be_v well_o drain_v to_o prevent_v overflowing_n or_o the_o water_n lie_v long_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o most_o sort_n of_o land_n well_o order_v produce_v it_o though_o some_o more_o in_o abundance_n than_o other_o and_o this_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o land_n which_o be_v not_o too_o rank_a or_o sit_v for_o any_o sort_n of_o corn_n be_v not_o too_o good_a for_o this_o sort_n of_o grass_n but_o barren_a land_n without_o improvement_n by_o manure_v will_v not_o produce_v it_o to_o answer_v expectation_n as_o for_o the_o plough_v use_v it_o as_o direct_v for_o fetch_n and_o pulse_n chap._n ..._o as_o for_o the_o great_a claver_fw-la which_o be_v the_o best_a the_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v like_a that_o of_o mustardseed_n but_o not_o so_o round_o rather_o incline_v somewhat_o to_o a_o oblong_a the_o choice_a of_o this_o be_v of_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a colour_n some_o a_o little_a radish_n but_o the_o black_a be_v not_o so_o good_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o your_o seed_n have_v a_o great_a care_n for_o that_o be_v the_o main_a of_o the_o business_n to_o answer_v your_o cost_n and_o industry_n and_o of_o this_o seed_n we_o have_v as_o good_a among_o ourselves_o as_o any_o be_v bring_v from_o holland_n for_o what_o by_o their_o kiln_n dry_v of_o it_o and_o the_o sea_n in_o bring_v it_o over_o it_o many_o time_n take_v salt-water_n deceive_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o answer_v little_a of_o the_o charge_n and_o to_o get_v it_o out_o of_o the_o husk_n which_o be_v somewhat_o difficult_a by_o thrash_v or_o beat_v it_o may_v be_v mill_v out_o with_o stone_n not_o too_o sharp_a and_o hang_v at_o a_o proper_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v bruise_v the_o husk_n but_o not_o the_o seed_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v ready_o take_v out_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o honest_a countryman_n about_o this_o particular_a for_o if_o he_o have_v none_o of_o his_o own_o he_o must_v buy_v it_o and_o try_v a_o little_a of_o it_o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v how_o it_o will_v spring_v up_o that_o you_o may_v not_o be_v frustrate_v in_o your_o labour_n and_o expense_n a_o gallon_n or_o twelve_o pound_n be_v sufficient_a to_o sow_v a_o acre_n well_o if_o it_o be_v light_o distribute_v and_o if_o you_o sow_v some_o of_o the_o chaff_n of_o the_o husk_n with_o it_o it_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a and_o that_o it_o may_v fill_v the_o hand_n the_o better_a to_o spread_v mix_v with_o it_o some_o fine_a earth_n or_o fine_a ash_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v not_o scatter_v away_o more_o to_o one_o place_n than_o to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v so_o very_o small_a you_o can_v see_v how_o it_o lie_v on_o the_o land_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v equal_o distribute_v then_o again_o it_o will_v not_o as_o corn_n be_v draw_v even_o by_o the_o harrow_n when_o it_o be_v not_o so_o it_o must_v be_v sow_v then_o in_o calm_a wether_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v not_o have_v power_n to_o drive_v it_o but_o that_o it_o muy_fw-es fall_v incidiate_o to_o the_o ground_n you_o may_v sow_v barley_n or_o oat_n with_o it_o and_o the_o first_o year_n it_o will_v not_o grow_v up_o so_o far_o as_o to_o hinder_v they_o but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o be_v sow_v so_o thick_a as_o in_o other_o case_n and_o when_o they_o be_v harrow_v in_o and_o this_o sâ—ed_z sow_o after_o a_o gentle_a harrow_n or_o the_o draw_v over_o of_o white-thorn_n bush_n will_v sufficient_o cover_v it_o and_o it_o will_v last_v on_o the_o ground_n many_o year_n the_o best_a time_n to_o sow_v it_o be_v the_o end_n of_o march_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n if_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a season_n late_o sow_v may_v do_v in_o a_o fruitful_a season_n but_o early_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n on_o ground_n where_o it_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v three_o crop_n two_o to_o mow_n and_o one_o to_o graze_v the_o first_o by_o mid_n may_n the_o second_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n and_o then_o by_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n it_o will_v be_v grow_v up_o for_o graze_v which_o you_o may_v continue_v till_o january_n it_o be_v best_o cut_v moderate_o green_a when_o the_o sap_n be_v in_o the_o stalk_v and_o leaf_n and_o then_o be_v well_o dry_v render_v it_o the_o sweet_a and_o most_o nourish_v unless_o you_o keep_v it_o for_o seed_n alone_o and_o then_o it_o must_v grow_v up_o to_o its_o full_a growth_n and_o be_v very_o dry_a but_o then_o stalk_n be_v good_a for_o little_a more_o than_o fuel_n however_o the_o seed_n if_o well_o get_v out_o will_v recompense_v the_o charge_n it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a feeder_n of_o cattle_n increase_v milk_n in_o kine_n and_o fatten_v ox_n above_o any_o other_o grass_n as_o be_v of_o a_o fat_a sweet_a and_o luscious_a nourishment_n and_o sow_v a_o good_a acre_n the_o second_o year_n growth_n for_o mow_v and_o feed_v will_v return_v you_o the_o advantage_n of_o twelve_o pound_n which_o be_v sufficient_a profit_n see_v it_o will_v grow_v upon_o ground_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n or_o under_o very_o well_o and_o last_o good_a forty_o five_o year_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n and_o one_o advantage_n be_v in_o it_o that_o when_o it_o dwindle_n it_o prepare_v the_o land_n for_o corn_n so_o that_o one_o under_o another_o it_o come_v to_o great_a profit_n chap._n xli_o st._n foin_n or_o french-grass_n direction_n for_o sow_v order_v and_o improve_n it_o on_o land_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o grass_n that_o turn_v to_o good_a advantage_n and_o that_o be_v st._n foin_n original_o a_o french_a grass_n so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v by_o the_o first_o improver_n of_o it_o sow_v then_o upon_o dry_a husky_a land_n and_o some_o time_n in_o their_o garden_n it_o yield_v to_o cattle_n that_o feed_v on_o it_o abundance_n of_o milk_n and_o will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v in_o any_o barren_a hilly_a land_n though_o it_o
thrive_v better_a upon_o land_n that_o be_v moderate_o manure_v with_o dung_n marle_n or_o chalk_n and_o when_o it_o have_v grow_v seven_o year_n the_o root_n so_o spread_v that_o be_v plough_v in_o it_o become_v excellent_a manure_n to_o prepare_v the_o land_n for_o corn._n the_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v most_o like_o a_o parsnip-seed_n only_o a_o little_a brown_a round_a and_o full_a you_o must_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v big_a sow_v more_o in_o quantity_n than_o that_o of_o claver_fw-la for_o the_o small_a the_o seed_n be_v the_o further_a it_o spread_v in_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o a_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a of_o this_o or_o somewhat_o more_o will_v go_v no_o further_o than_o a_o pound_n of_o the_o other_o for_o the_o thick_a and_o close_o it_o grow_v the_o better_a it_o stock_n the_o ground_n the_o manner_n of_o sow_v it_o may_v be_v with_o barley_n or_o oat_n and_o be_v mow_v with_o they_o may_v be_v use_v as_o good_a feed_n but_o the_o separate_n i_o hold_v the_o best_a it_o may_v the_o first_o sow_v be_v mow_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n and_o so_o preserve_v for_o a_o good_a crop_n five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o and_o then_o the_o spirit_n decay_v the_o common_a grass_n will_v overcome_v it_o and_o by_o that_o time_n it_o have_v prepare_v the_o earth_n fit_a for_o corn_n again_o there_o be_v also_o another_o grass_n by_o the_o french_a call_v the_o la-lucein_a which_o be_v exceed_o good_a fodder_n and_o this_o will_v well_o grow_v on_o dry_a and_o barren_a land_n but_o this_o be_v not_o very_o common_a nor_o have_v any_o considerable_a improvement_n be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o this_o kingdom_n however_o it_o may_v be_v proper_a for_o barren_a land_n of_o little_a value_n for_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o a_o experiment_n will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o improve_v it_o for_o by_o industry_n through_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n all_o the_o improvement_n we_o have_v have_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o enrich_n and_o plentiful_o feed_v the_o nation_n whilst_o sloth_n will_v have_v bring_v poverty_n and_o want_n chap._n xlii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v and_o well-ordering_a turnip_n turnip_n be_v a_o great_a improvement_n of_o land_n for_o beside_o the_o advantage_n they_o yield_v in_o sell_v for_o the_o kitchen_n and_o the_o feed_a cattle_n and_o swine_n the_o root_n and_o leave_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o rot_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o become_v good_a manure_n beside_o they_o hinder_v not_o the_o first_o crop_n especial_o of_o pease_n bean_n or_o barley_n but_o be_v sow_o when_o they_o be_v take_v off_o grow_v and_o flourish_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o be_v proper_o draw_v defore_o barley_n or_o oat_n seedtime_n though_o you_o may_v sow_v two_o crop_n the_o early_a and_o the_o latter_a the_o seed_n be_v small_a may_v for_o the_o better_a and_o more_o even_o spread_v of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o fine_a mould_n or_o to_o prevent_v the_o bug_n or_o worm_n eat_v it_o in_o the_o ground_n with_o wood-ash_n they_o require_v if_o the_o ground_n have_v be_v well_o break_v up_o but_o a_o light_n plough_v but_o to_o be_v well_o harrow_v that_o the_o bird_n destroy_v not_o the_o seed_n which_o if_o you_o perceive_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o barrenness_n of_o one_o place_n more_o than_o another_o when_o they_o come_v up_o you_o may_v sow_v that_o again_o and_o there_o will_v be_v little_a difference_n in_o their_o come_n to_o perfection_n they_o delight_v in_o and_o prosper_v best_a in_o a_o mellow_a ground_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o sand_n and_o clay_n a_o black_a mould_n be_v exceed_o good_a to_o produce_v they_o for_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v hard_a their_o root_n will_v not_o spread_v or_o come_v to_o their_o full_a natural_a perfection_n of_o these_o very_a useful_a root_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n both_o of_o one_o kind_n that_o be_v the_o round_a or_o bulbous_a and_o the_o long_a parsnip_n turnip_n but_o the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a and_o usual_a sow_o in_o field_n when_o you_o have_v sow_v and_o harrow_v the_o seed_n lay_v the_o land_n as_o even_o and_o level_a as_o may_v be_v go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o rowler_n of_o weighty_a wood_n to_o press_v it_o in_o and_o break_v the_o remain_a clod_n that_o the_o grow_a seed_n may_v the_o easy_o put_v through_o it_o and_o when_o they_o be_v pretty_a well_o come_v up_o and_o the_o leaf_n begin_v to_o spread_v they_o must_v be_v diligent_o hoe_v over_o and_o the_o underling_n cull_v out_o by_o cut_v they_o off_o even_o with_o the_o ground_n or_o somewhat_o low_o that_o the_o principal_a plant_n may_v receive_v the_o sun_n and_o air_n more_o free_a and_o thrive_v the_o better_a and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v large_a if_o they_o appear_v too_o thick_a they_o must_v have_v a_o second_o hoe_z and_o then_o the_o top_n will_v spring_v up_o amain_o and_o the_o root_n have_v more_o earth_n to_o spread_v in_o if_o you_o find_v a_o black_a sort_n of_o a_o caterpillar_n to_o light_v on_o they_o when_o they_o come_v up_o first_o green_a or_o grow_v a_o little_a height_n which_o poison_n and_o eat_v up_o their_o leaf_n by_o that_o mean_n hinder_v their_o growth_n if_o you_o can_v flow_v they_o for_o a_o time_n with_o water_n to_o drown_v these_o infect_v go_v over_o they_o with_o a_o great_a heavy_a wooden_a rowler_n take_v care_n that_o the_o horse_n with_o his_o foot_n spoil_v as_o few_o as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o rowler_n bear_v the_o top_n hard_a to_o the_o ground_n will_v crush_v the_o infect_v to_o death_n and_o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o dry_a time_n when_o they_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n most_o infect_v the_o top_n with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o little_a sprinkle_n of_o rain_n will_v rise_v again_o and_o flourish_v more_o than_o ever_o to_o preserve_v the_o best_a seed_n for_o the_o next_o year_n be_v sow_v take_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o large_a turnip_n free_a from_o worm-eaten_a stringyness_n rough-rind_n or_o wart_n and_o transplant_v they_o to_o a_o good_a soil_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o seed_n co_fw-la ere_v they_o pretty_a high_a with_o earth_n that_o be_v about_o four_o inch_n above_o the_o root_n set_v they_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n and_o water_v they_o a_o little_a if_o the_o wether_n be_v very_o dry_a and_o so_o let_v they_o run_v to_o seed_n then_o cut_v of_o the_o stalk_n when_o the_o seed_n loosen_v and_o begin_v to_o tussle_v in_o the_o pod_n and_o have_v well_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n put_v they_o into_o a_o large_a hopsack_n and_o by_o beat_v they_o with_o staff_n that_o the_o seed_n will_v come_v out_o which_o you_o may_v sift_v or_o winnow_v from_o the_o husk_n and_o lay_v it_o up_o in_o a_o moderate_a dry_a place_n for_o your_o next_o year_n use_n sow_v it_o as_o before_o and_o order_v in_o all_o particular_n where_o require_v as_o direct_v and_o you_o will_v have_v winter-stores_a for_o yourself_o plenty_n for_o your_o cattle_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o market_n if_o you_o live_v near_o any_o good_a town_n this_o be_v a_o very_a wholesome_a moist_a cool_a and_o nourish_a root_n good_a against_o fever_n and_o all_o hot_a disease_n allay_v the_o acrimony_n of_o the_o blood_n chap._n xliii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v of_o carrot_n and_o how_o to_o well_o order_n they_o etc._n etc._n carrot_n be_v very_o wholesome_a nourish_a root_n and_o by_o they_o land_n may_v be_v well_o improve_v but_o in_o every_o soil_n they_o will_v not_o prosper_v as_o most_o delight_v in_o warm_a sandy-ground_n mix_v with_o a_o moderate_a fruitful_a light_a mould_n and_o if_o you_o sow_v they_o in_o any_o other_o it_o must_v be_v well_o stir_v and_o manure_v but_o where_o you_o find_v a_o natural_a light_n and_o warm_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v but_o indifferent_o fertile_a they_o will_v however_o thrive_v therein_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o in_o interval_n between_o bean_n or_o pease_n lay_v in_o furrow_n and_o so_o reap_v two_o advantage_n with_o a_o little_a more_o labour_n and_o cost_n the_o one_o not_o hinder_v the_o other_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o carrot_n be_v ready_a to_o draw_v the_o other_o will_v be_v take_v off_o the_o ground_n and_o though_o in_o do_v it_o some_o of_o the_o top_n may_v be_v bruise_v in_o trample_v they_o will_v recover_v and_o spring_v up_o again_o the_o land_n these_o be_v sow_v in_o shall_v be_v rather_o dig_v than_o plough_v or_o if_o the_o latter_a it_o must_v be_v very_o deep_a to_o give_v the_o root_n leave_v to_o grow_v to_o a_o full_a length_n and_o bigness_n when_o you_o have_v sow_v the_o seed_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n or_o much_o soon_o if_o the_o
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place_n this_o be_v proper_o produce_v by_o sucker_n which_o may_v be_v plant_v at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n distance_n and_o they_o will_v grow_v a_o great_a pace_n rising_z as_o it_o be_v sudden_o to_o tree_n after_o the_o first_o year_n they_o may_v be_v cut_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o will_v shoot_v out_o very_o strong_o this_o tree_n yield_v excellent_a sap_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o be_v prepare_v with_o honey_n or_o sugar_n into_o a_o wine_n be_v very_o medicable_a as_o well_o as_o a_o pleasant_a innocent_a liquor_n call_v birch-wine_n it_o may_v be_v extract_v by_o cut_v some_o small_a branch_n when_o the_o sap_n rise_v in_o the_o end_n of_o
easy_o wind_v and_o bend_v viz._n the_o willow_n and_o birch_n and_o the_o smale_a oak_n shingles_n to_o cover_v house_n be_v best_a make_v of_o oak_n beech_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o such_o other_o tree_n as_o bear_v mast_n also_o of_o such_o as_o yield_v rosin_n as_o the_o pine_n and_o the_o pitch-tree_n for_o table_n stand_v bowl_n and_o such_o other_o household_n utensil_n the_o maple_n ash_n and_o walnut_n be_v very_o curious_a graceful_a english_a wood_n and_o much_o last_a box_n be_v a_o wood_n well_o know_v of_o great_a value_n for_o its_o firmness_n and_o durableness_n and_o usual_o sell_v for_o its_o preciousness_n by_o weighâ—_n and_o serve_v for_o comb_n haft_n of_o knife_n mathematical_a instrument_n and_o so_o many_o mechanical_a use_n that_o little_a except_o the_o very_a tender_a spray_n can_v be_v count_v waste_n in_o it_o so_o that_o a_o acre_n of_o good_a growth_n of_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o exceed_v by_o much_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o acre_n of_o the_o best_a corn_n and_o therefore_o consider_v when_o once_o it_o be_v well_o get_v in_o the_o ground_n that_o every_o twenty_o year_n it_o may_v be_v well_o cut_v and_o the_o root_n leave_v will_v produce_v new_a shoot_v to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o what_o be_v take_v away_o what_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v make_v by_o it_o in_o improve_n land_n where_o little_a else_o will_v grow_v and_o that_o it_o require_v no_o yearly_a toil_a plough_v and_o sow_v nor_o the_o charge_n of_o seed_n holly_n be_v another_o excellent_a wood_n useful_a for_o whip-stock_n copse_n of_o caâ—rs_n and_o siding_n as_o also_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o require_v a_o strong_a tough_a last_a wood_n but_o above_o all_o its_o bark_n have_v of_o late_o be_v find_v famous_a for_o the_o make_n of_o bird-lime_n the_o which_o because_o it_o may_v be_v grateful_a to_o the_o countryman_n not_o only_o in_o take_v and_o destroy_v such_o bird_n as_o annoy_v his_o corn_n but_o to_o furnish_v his_o table_n though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o a_o digression_n from_o the_o subject_a i_o shall_v however_o by_o the_o way_n give_v he_o a_o receipt_n to_o make_v and_o use_v it_o and_o then_o come_v again_o to_o a_o conclusion_n of_o what_o i_o intend_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o order_v of_o tree_n and_o improvement_n of_o wood-land_n for_o his_o advantage_n chap._n lvii_o a_o true_a receipt_n how_o to_o make_v the_o best_a birdlime_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v full_a in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o holly_n about_o midsummer_n take_v that_o which_o be_v well_o grow_v and_o strip_v off_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o the_o bark_n and_o boil_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n till_o the_o gray_a and_o white_a bark_n part_n from_o the_o green_a so_o separate_v the_o green_a and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o heap_n on_o a_o tile_v or_o stone_n floor_n in_o a_o cellar_n or_o some_o such_o cool_a place_n cover_v with_o weed_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n in_o which_o time_n it_o will_v putrify_v turn_v into_o a_o slimy_a quality_n then_o put_v it_o into_o a_o mortar_n and_o beat_v it_o with_o a_o wooden_a pestle_n till_o nothing_o but_o slime_n remain_v so_o that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n be_v to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v be_v wrought_v like_o wax_n then_o wash_v it_o in_o a_o run_a stream_n that_o no_o moat_n or_o husk_n may_v remain_v in_o it_o after_o this_o be_v do_v kneed_a it_o into_o a_o glaze_v earthen_a vessel_n cover_v it_o close_o from_o the_o air_n and_o there_o it_o will_v fume_v up_o and_o purge_v out_o its_o scurf_n and_o dross_n and_o after_o six_o day_n scum_v it_o off_o and_o continue_v so_o do_v till_o no_o more_o arise_v then_o that_o you_o may_v keep_v it_o for_o use_n shift_v it_o into_o another_o clean_a vessel_n when_o you_o use_v this_o on_o twig_n straw_n or_o bush_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fowl_n you_o design_v to_o take_v warm_v it_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o a_o little_a hog_n or_o goose-grease_n over_o a_o gentle_a fire_n till_o they_o be_v well_o incorporate_v by_o frequent_a stir_v then_o anoint_v the_o twig_n straw_n or_o bush_n with_o it_o as_o even_o as_o you_o can_v without_o leave_v any_o knob_n or_o roughness_n and_o place_v they_o either_o in_o wood_n or_o field_n where_o the_o bird_n you_o intend_v to_o take_v resort_n and_o place_n what_o allurement_n you_o think_v fit_a in_o meat_n or_o other_o matter_n as_o will_v be_v most_o take_v to_o they_o and_o place_v they_o so_o that_o when_o they_o descend_v they_o must_v needs_o touch_v they_o and_o such_o as_o do_v will_v certain_o be_v entangle_v for_o if_o they_o rise_v with_o they_o on_o their_o foot_n they_o will_v certain_o lap_v their_o wing_n and_o that_o will_v cause_v they_o sudden_o to_o fall_v and_o as_o the_o great_a or_o lessness_n of_o the_o fowl_n be_v so_o must_v you_o proportion_v your_o twig_n chap._n lviii_o wonderful_a improvement_n of_o land_n by_o plant_v tree_n and_o by_o enclosure_n show_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o over_o those_o land_n that_o lie_v in_o common_a will_v may_n be_v great_o improve_v by_o enclose_v ground_n with_o it_o for_o corn_n and_o pasture_n yield_v a_o great_a many_o advantage_n to_o the_o painful_a husbandman_n who_o good_a industry_n well_o deserve_v a_o good_a recompense_n first_o for_o that_o well-grown_a tree_n and_o good_a hedge-row_n shelter_n his_o tender_a corn_n etc._n etc._n from_o bleak_a wind_n and_o keep_v off_o the_o blast_n that_o will_v much_o annoy_v it_o even_o when_o grow_v second_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o pasture-land_n in_o shelter_a cattle_n both_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o extreme_a of_o winter_n as_o also_o from_o violent_a storm_n of_o rain_n hail_o or_o snow_n etc._n etc._n three_o it_o secure_v corn_n from_o high-road_n be_v make_v into_o it_o by_o idle_a person_n and_o cattle_n which_o if_o it_o lay_v in_o common_a or_o open_a can_v not_o be_v avoid_v since_o those_o that_o know_v not_o the_o toil_n and_o cost_v the_o husbandman_n be_v at_o to_o bring_v his_o crop_n to_o a_o harvest_n little_a regard_n what_o havoc_n they_o make_v through_o laziness_n for_o wanton_a disportment_n or_o the_o near_a way_n which_o if_o there_o be_v a_o barrier_n of_o good_a fence_n they_o can_v not_o do_v and_o then_o for_o cattle_n it_o save_v the_o trouble_n of_o pound_v and_o many_o frivolous_a suit_n that_o frequent_o arise_v on_o trespass_n of_o these_o kind_n and_o therefore_o be_v advantageous_a both_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o four_o tree_n grow_v up_o their_o lordship_n afford_v much_o fuel_n and_o fence_v perpetual_o supply_v the_o owner_n with_o both_o as_o occasion_n require_v and_o indeed_o few_o know_v the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o first_o so_o well_o as_o those_o that_o live_v distant_a from_o enclosure_n in_o open_a champion_n country_n where_o coal_n can_v at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o without_o great_a charge_n and_o labour_n be_v have_v not_o only_o the_o pinch_a winter_n afflict_v these_o but_o even_o their_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o brew_v bake_v and_o dress_n their_o provision_n make_v they_o sensible_a to_o their_o great_a cost_n and_o loss_n of_o time_n that_o the_o plant_n of_o tree_n be_v extreme_o beneficial_a for_o that_o be_v at_o hand_n they_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o a_o readiness_n by_o get_v it_o in_o and_o lay_v it_o up_o to_o dry_a at_o leisure_n time_n to_o their_o great_a comfort_n and_o advantage_n and_o be_v profit_v in_o sell_v the_o overplus_n to_o the_o rich_a and_o charitable_o bestow_v some_o on_o their_o poor_a neighbour_n and_o for_o their_o christian_a compassion_n towards_o they_o be_v load_v with_o their_o blessing_n and_o prayer_n and_o of_o this_o one_o mr._n tusser_n one_o very_a much_o experience_v in_o rural_a affair_n in_o his_o old_a fashion_a rhyme_n thus_o speak_v the_o wood-land_n above_o all_o i_o praise_v the_o champion_n delight_v not_o i_o for_o nothing_o of_o wealth_n it_o do_v raise_v to_o such_o as_o laborious_a be_v in_o wood-land_n the_o poor_a man_n that_o have_v scarce_o full_o ten_o acre_n in_o land_n more_o merry_o live_v and_o do_v save_v than_o the_o other_a with_o forty_o in_o land_n the_o one_o have_v in_o every_o hedge_n both_o plenty_n of_o fuel_n and_o fruit_n the_o other_o lay_v turf_n up_o and_o sedge_n and_o get_v it_o by_o wondrous_a suit_n and_o ready_a in_o winter_n to_o starve_v when_o the_o other_a you_n see_v do_v not_o so_o but_o have_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o serve_v when_o the_o other_a all_o ragged_a do_v go_v there_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o advantage_n arise_v between_o enclosure_n or_o wood-land_n and_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a and_o though_o some_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o grudge_v