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your_o hole_n large_a when_o you_o set_v they_o and_o ram_n or_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o keep_v they_o moist_a the_o first_o summer_n and_o let_v the_o slant_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n hang_v downward_o and_o if_o your_o cut_v be_v choice_n put_v a_o little_a soft_a wax_n on_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n to_o keep_v out_o air_n and_o wet_n when_o you_o set_v any_o tree_n or_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n or_o hedge_n be_v mindful_a to_o put_v in_o one_o or_o two_o cut_n with_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o time_n lose_v to_o do_v it_o but_o well_o spend_v as_o i_o have_v often_o prove_v chap_n vii_o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o as_o for_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v only_o from_o part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n there_o be_v many_o but_o of_o those_o that_o i_o have_v make_v experience_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n give_v a_o 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put_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o that_o when_o your_o ground_n be_v level_v again_o the_o end_n of_o this_o root_n so_o cut_v off_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n i_o do_v judge_n the_o foresaid_a time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o then_o the_o sun_n hasten_v to_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a or_o rather_o this_o star_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o libra_n the_o sun_n have_v heat_n and_o a_o strong_a draw_n faculty_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n draw_v by_o its_o secret_a influence_n on_o the_o several_a branch_n on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o head_n from_o the_o body_n and_o both_o head_n and_o body_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n be_v furnish_v with_o sap_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o supply_v the_o body_n and_o the_o head_n be_v then_o the_o fit_a to_o produce_v with_o that_o sap_n a_o new_a tree_n likely_a than_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o full_a sap_n viz._n in_o summer_n for_o then_o the_o abundance_n of_o sap_n 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that_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o ruin_n than_o to_o increase_v its_o kind_a but_o if_o it_o do_v live_v the_o spring_n be_v the_o time_n when_o it_o will_v bud_v therefore_o by_o consequence_n the_o best_a my_o reason_n for_o cut_v the_o root_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o from_o the_o great_a root_n be_v then_o that_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o many_o root_n at_o the_o end_n especial_o if_o smooth_v cut_v off_o and_o so_o the_o better_a for_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o take_v the_o root_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v by_o part_n of_o root_n the_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o raise_v be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n elm_n maple_n poplar_n aspen_n abete_n cherry_n crabtree_n plumb_n white_a bush_n serve_v etc._n etc._n chap._n viii_o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a for_o tree_n or_o their_o seed_n etc._n etc._n any_o sort_n of_o dung_n that_o be_v very_o hot_a of_o itself_o as_o pigeon_n hens-dung_n 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be_v break_a brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n the_o reason_n be_v tell_v you_o chalk_n break_v small_a into_o piece_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o chalk_n but_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a fat_a chalk_n be_v good_a for_o such_o ground_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o stiff_o let_v your_o reason_n instruct_v you_o further_o lime_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a compost_n for_o cold_a ground_n and_o stiff_a clayes_n for_o its_o heat_n cause_v a_o fume_n and_o its_o tenderness_n make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o fetch_v home_o their_o nourishment_n and_o its_o heat_n be_v great_a at_o first_o therefore_o lay_v not_o on_o too_o much_o on_o no_o ground_n and_o let_v that_o be_v slack_v if_o your_o dry_a ground_n be_v it_o your_o tree_n delight_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o you_o be_v force_v to_o set_v they_o on_o 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learning_n reflect_v upon_o man_n imagination_n but_o not_o the_o least_o thing_n comprehend_v substantial_o but_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n take_v clay_n or_o loom_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o too_o thick_a the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n and_o there_o let_v it_o be_v till_o the_o frost_n have_v make_v it_o fall_v into_o mould_n then_o in_o some_o dry_a open_a time_n harrow_v it_o all_o over_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o plough_n then_o plough_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o trench_n for_o forrest_n or_o fruit-tree_n observe_v to_o order_v it_o so_o for_o by_o thus_o do_v the_o clay_n will_v mix_v with_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n much_o the_o better_o the_o better_a that_o any_o man_n chew_v his_o meat_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o easy_a to_o digest_v and_o the_o dry_a you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o ground_n provide_v it_o have_v but_o time_n to_o water_n itself_o well_o before_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v it_o be_v the_o 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to_o make_v they_o descend_v towards_o the_o house_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v which_o to_o do_v i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v through_o one_o hill_n thirty_o rod_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot-deep_a into_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v the_o same_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o i_o raise_v of_o seed_n most_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o layer_n at_o hadham-hail_a they_o be_v with_o my_o lord_n ever_o since_o their_o minority_n and_o he_o many_o time_n their_o barber_n engage_v he_o to_o have_v the_o more_o particular_a kindness_n for_o they_o therefore_o he_o order_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o think_v good_a in_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o which_o i_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o i_o level_v the_o hill_n and_o when_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o ground_n near_o to_o the_o level_n conclude_v on_o i_o stake_v out_o my_o ground_n where_o every_o tree_n shall_v stand_v and_o then_o order_v my_o hole_n to_o 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can_v and_o carry_v to_o cashiobury_n the_o place_n of_o their_o now_o abide_v and_o then_o have_v good_a store_n of_o help_n and_o good_a mould_n prepare_v of_o the_o small_a and_o fine_a i_o set_v the_o tree_n with_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o each_o tree_n level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n make_v a_o round_a hill_n half_a a_o foot_n high_a about_o every_o tree_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o hole_n have_v prune_v the_o head_n of_o each_o tree_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o bruise_a root_n and_o the_o end_n of_o such_o root_n as_o be_v break_v i_o sort_v the_o tree_n and_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o place_v they_o namely_o i_o set_v the_o high_a next_o the_o bowling-green_n and_o so_o short_a and_o short_a till_o the_o low_a be_v next_o to_o the_o garden_n which_o i_o do_v for_o these_o reason_n next_o the_o green_n be_v the_o worst_a ground_n and_o the_o tree_n more_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v spoil_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o market-path_n that_o go_v 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they_o be_v never_o transplant_v before_o for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o be_v give_v that_o the_o often_o you_o remove_v a_o tree_n the_o likely_a it_o be_v to_o grow_v when_o it_o be_v remove_v again_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o too_o great_a beside_o experience_n do_v plain_o show_v the_o same_o for_o i_o have_v often_o find_v that_o a_o walnut-tree_n set_v of_o a_o nut_n and_o never-removed_n in_o its_o minority_n but_o still_o keep_v his_o place_n of_o situation_n till_o it_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a that_o in_o remove_v such_o a_o tree_n you_o shall_v find_v near_o as_o much_o hazard_n in_o the_o grow_n of_o that_o tree_n as_o in_o remove_v a_o oak_n of_o the_o same_o stature_n provide_v the_o oak_n have_v have_v his_o abide_v in_o open_a air_n and_o not_o be_v tender_o nurse_v up_o in_o a_o wood_n for_o such_o tree_n let_v they_o be_v of_o what_o kind_n you_o will_v be_v nice_a to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o their_o warm_a habitation_n but_o 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wide_a and_o two_o spade_n deep_a at_o least_o half_o a_o year_n or_o a_o quarter_n at_o least_o before_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v if_o it_o be_v a_o year_n it_o be_v the_o better_a provide_v you_o keep_v that_o mould_n which_o you_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o hole_n clean_o from_o weed_n and_o grass_n by_o turn_v it_o over_o as_o occasion_n require_v and_o if_o you_o think_v your_o ground_n be_v poor_a or_o of_o some_o contrary_a soil_n to_o what_o your_o tree_n natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o mix_v it_o with_o some_o such_o like_a earth_n as_o your_o tree_n do_v best_a delight_n to_o grow_v in_o as_o for_o a_o oak_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v gravelly_a mix_v it_o then_o with_o the_o upper_a spade_n of_o ground_n that_o be_v a_o brick-earth_n turn_v these_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n you_o do_v throw_v out_o of_o the_o hole_n if_o clay_n mix_v it_o then_o with_o a_o light_a loom_n or_o a_o fat_a sand_n or_o small_a gravel_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v poor_a a_o little_a lay_n of_o rot_a dung_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hole_n but_o let_v none_o be_v among_o your_o earth_n when_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o touch_v the_o root_n of_o they_o have_v thus_o prepare_v your_o hole_n for_o your_o tree_n and_o your_o earth_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o dry_a soil_n then_o begin_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o find_v the_o leaf_n to_o fall_v that_o be_v in_o october_n it_o be_v not_o the_o hill_n or_o valley_n north_n or_o south_n situation_n which_o make_v the_o fine_a or_o tough_a grain_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o seed_v ground_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n or_o on_o the_o north_n side_n more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o valley_n or_o southside_n there_o then_o will_v be_v the_o tough_a timber_n for_o where_o a_o tree_n grow_v most_o in_o a_o year_n that_o oak_n be_v the_o tough_a timber_n and_o there_o that_o tree_n shall_v have_v the_o most_o sap_n as_o on_o a_o deep_a loomy_a ground_n but_o let_v it_o be_v hill_n or_o valley_n if_o it_o be_v a_o shallow_a ground_n and_o the_o bottom_n gravel_n and_o not_o mix_v with_o loom_n or_o clay_n there_o oak_n will_v grow_v slow_a and_o the_o annual_a circle_n be_v close_o together_o the_o timber_n must_v then_o be_v the_o fine_a grain_v and_o the_o sap_n of_o such_o oak_n be_v little_a as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v experience_n and_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v always_o hitherto_o take_v with_o i_o as_o guide_n in_o my_o travel_n and_o search_v after_o nature_n have_v confirm_v i_o in_o this_o a_o light_a brick-earth_n or_o a_o loomy-clay_n produce_v the_o stately_a oak_n soon_a and_o tough_a timber_n for_o there_o they_o grow_v quick_a your_o clay_n produce_v great_a oak_n for_o that_o be_v a_o hold_v ground_n although_o they_o grow_v sometime_o slow_a yet_o they_o last_v long_o your_o gravel_n produce_v many_o oak_n and_o straight_o they_o grow_v slow_a the_o timber_n be_v fine_a and_o they_o decay_v while_o they_o be_v young_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o have_v make_v ready_a your_o holes_n and_o take_v up_o your_o tree_n well_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o open_v the_o earth_n well_o round_o your_o tree_n keep_v the_o side_n of_o your_o spade_n to_o the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n to_o prevent_v cut_v the_o root_n when_o you_o take_v they_o up_o and_o also_o to_o dig_v deep_a round_o the_o tree_n that_o when_o you_o come_v to_o pull_v up_o your_o tree_n it_o may_v come_v up_o easy_o which_o will_v prevent_v those_o root_n which_o grow_v elbow-like_a which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o break_v off_o in_o pull_v up_o by_o strain_v they_o to_o pull_v up_o they_o will_v crack_v so_o in_o the_o elbow_n that_o they_o will_v never_o grow_v nor_o put_v forth_o root_n below_o that_o place_n therefore_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v ticklish_a to_o remove_v take_v the_o more_o time_n lest_o you_o verify_v the_o old_a proverb_n which_o say_v too_o much_o haste_n oft_o make_v waste_v such_o root_n as_o you_o find_v bruise_v or_o much_o crack_v cut_v they_o off_o till_o you_o come_v at_o firm_a sound_a root_n such_o tree_n as_o be_v slow-growers_a as_o the_o oak_n be_v you_o may_v prune_v up_o to_o the_o small_a head_n as_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v taper_n and_o straight_o you_o may_v prune_v up_o such_o a_o tree_n to_o one_o shoot_v but_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o taper_n then_o leave_v two_o side-bough_n or_o more_o to_o receive_v some_o of_o the_o sap_n which_o will_v make_v the_o shoot_n that_o you_o intend_v shall_v lead_v to_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o small_a and_o so_o
and_o chap._n 6._o which_o teach_v how_o to_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o cut_n remember_v to_o keep_v they_o well_o fence_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-shoots_a which_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o put_v out_o below_o the_o head_n and_o thin_a the_o head_n as_o you_o see_v it_o convenient_a leave_v not_o above_o six_o or_o eight_o for_o arm_n so_o do_v will_v make_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n swell_v and_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o as_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n of_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o inquire_v after_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o not_o to_o describe_v they_o and_o if_o you_o know_v how_o to_o raise_v some_o you_o may_v then_o soon_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v they_o all_o but_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n more_o which_o be_v call_v the_o smell_a willow_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o shoot_v a_o great_a shoot_n bear_v fine_a broad_a shine_a green_a leave_n and_o will_v grow_v on_o most_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o too_o dry_a it_o bear_v a_o sweet_a beautiful_a flower_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v set_v in_o orchard_n you_o that_o have_v river_n run_v by_o your_o orchard_n plant_v some_o of_o this_o if_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a and_o pretty_a good_a it_o will_v grow_v mighty_o and_o yield_v ornament_n and_o profit_n it_o be_v easy_o increase_v of_o cut_n which_o if_o set_v as_o be_v show_v in_o chap._n 6._o will_v grow_v every_o one_o only_a mind_n if_o your_o ground_n have_v a_o dry_a bottom_n than_o set_v they_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o wall_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o smell_n the_o industrious_a bee_n love_v it_o much_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o increase_v as_o any_o sallow_a and_o bear_v as_o good_a a_o lop_n then_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o as_o common_a from_o one_o small_a plant_n i_o have_v raise_v some_o hundred_o and_o have_v set_v several_a in_o our_o wood-walks_a at_o cashiobury_n where_o they_o grow_v well_o notwithstanding_o our_o dry_a ground_n but_o they_o be_v root_v before_o i_o set_v they_o there_o i_o commend_v the_o like_a husbandry_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o plant_v and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o that_o busy_a martial_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v a_o early_a relief_n to_o they_o it_o may_v also_o be_v very_o plentiful_o increase_v by_o lay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o cover_v with_o ground_n it_o will_v root_n of_o sallow_n there_o be_v three_o common_a sort_n all_o of_o they_o love_v a_o moist_a ground_n but_o that_o with_o the_o round_a leaf_n will_v grow_v on_o bank_n as_o in_o hedge_n for_o if_o you_o set_v they_o for_o stake_n they_o will_v take_v root_n and_o though_o they_o be_v no_o very_o good_a fence_n yet_o they_o will_v yield_v good_a profit_n the_o two_o other_o grow_v best_a on_o moorish_a ground_n and_o there_o will_v yield_v great_a shoot_n they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n much_o and_o may_v be_v increase_v well_o by_o lay_v both_o which_o way_n you_o may_v thicken_v your_o wood_n very_o much_o but_o than_o you_o must_v keep_v out_o cattle_n especial_o all_o deer_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o above_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o seed_n as_o the_o elm_n be_v some_o year_n for_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o all_o year_n good_a with_o we_o no_o more_o be_v the_o elm_n and_o line_n i_o have_v raise_v many_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n in_o the_o downy_a substance_n but_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o increase_v by_o cut_n and_o lay_v that_o you_o need_v not_o trouble_v yourself_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v as_o profitable_a a_o wood_n for_o under-wood_n in_o wood_n as_o any_o you_o can_v set_v in_o they_o for_o fire_n produce_v strong_a and_o great_a shoot_n therefore_o where_o you_o stock_n up_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n set_v two_o or_o three_o sallow_a truncheon_n with_o some_o other_o wood_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o run_v as_o elm_n cherry_n abele_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o thin_a wood_n make_v a_o thick_a good_a wood_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v moorish_a and_o will_v not_o yield_v good_a grass_n then_o plant_v as_o be_v before_o show_v of_o the_o water-pople_a and_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o quick_a and_o great_a profit_n if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o large_o of_o these_o sallowe_n etc._n etc._n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n 19_o the_o chapt._n he_o tell_v you_o you_o may_v graft_v fig_n and_o mulberry_n on_o they_o and_o that_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o be_v true_a you_o may_v graft_v on_o they_o but_o you_o have_v best_o try_v the_o other_o for_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o pliny_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o forbear_v of_o oziers_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n and_o be_v all_o raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o sallow_a they_o love_v a_o moist_a and_o more_o moorish_a ground_n than_o the_o sallow_a or_o willow_n the_o basket-maker_n know_v best_a the_o time_n to_o fell_v they_o which_o may_v be_v do_v any_o time_n in_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n and_o thus_o i_o shall_v conclude_v of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n only_o let_v i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o have_v moorish_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o yield_v little_a profit_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o sure_a direction_n and_o i_o do_v engage_v you_o a_o great_a and_o certain_a profit_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n these_o stately_a tree_n want_v more_o respect_n with_o we_o than_o they_o have_v and_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o make_v it_o so_o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o that_o be_v they_o miss_v the_o right_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v they_o plant_v they_o when_o other_o tree_n be_v plant_v as_o from_o november_n to_o march_v which_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a 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that_o grow_v in_o the_o cold_a country_n beyond_o denmark_n as_o in_o russia_n etc._n etc._n then_o certain_o they_o may_v and_o will_v grow_v here_o in_o england_n very_o well_o if_o you_o will_v but_o mind_n to_o set_v and_o preserve_v they_o then_o a_o second_o reason_n why_o man_n do_v raise_v but_o few_o of_o these_o and_o plant_v but_o few_o may_v be_v because_o they_o love_v they_o not_o and_o it_o be_v with_o other_o man_n because_o they_o many_o time_n die_v or_o do_v not_o grow_v well_o with_o they_o and_o this_o make_v they_o not_o fancy_v they_o but_o such_o man_n want_v good_a instruction_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v give_v they_o some_o that_o will_v make_v they_o again_o in_o charity_n with_o these_o fine_a tree_n but_o other_o there_o be_v that_o have_v ground_n and_o fit_a place_n to_o plant_v tree_n in_o but_o mind_v they_o not_o these_o man_n do_v not_o love_v tree_n no_o nor_o themselves_o nor_o their_o posterity_n the_o three_o great_a hindrance_n of_o plant_v these_o and_o other_o tree_n be_v there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o love_v plant_n and_o improve_n of_o tree_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o not_o have_v ground_n of_o their_o own_o convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o and_o if_o they_o nurse_v up_o or_o plant_v tree_n for_o their_o landlord_n they_o many_o time_n meet_v with_o but_o small_a encouragement_n for_o so_o do_v for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o farm_n before_o they_o come_v to_o perfection_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v come_v to_o be_v fit_a to_o fell_v many_o time_n another_o man_n shall_v have_v they_o as_o cheap_a as_o he_o that_o nurse_v they_o up_o in_o
up_o your_o instrument_n be_v it_o water-level_n or_o ground-level_n with_o sight_n and_o when_o you_o have_v place_v it_o so_o high_a as_o you_o may_v see_v over_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n than_o set_v a_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o top_n exact_o level_a with_o the_o sight_n and_o one_o on_o the_o high_a side_n the_o top_n level_v with_o the_o middle_a stake_n then_o turn_v the_o level_n or_o lood_n back_o sight_n and_o set_v one_o level_v with_o these_o two_o on_o the_o low_a ground_n so_o have_v you_o three_o stake_n in_o line_n level_a keep_v your_o level_n true_a to_o your_o middle-stake_n and_o turn_v your_o level_n till_o it_o make_v right-angle_n with_o these_o three_o stake_n and_o set_v up_o two_o stake_n at_o each_o side_n one_o level_v with_o those_o three_o so_o have_v you_o five_o stake_n set_v true_a level_n in_o two_o line_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a you_o may_v set_v up_o two_o row_v more_o by_o 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will_v direct_v you_o that_o you_o can_v go_v amiss_o to_o make_v any_o sloop_n first_o line_n out_o your_o top_n and_o foot_n true_a then_o if_o your_o sloop_n be_v not_o very_o long_o you_o may_v have_v a_o frame_n of_o wood_n make_v according_a to_o your_o sloop_n which_o will_v be_v as_o a_o mould_n to_o try_v your_o work_n by_o two_o foot_n rise_v in_o 6_o foot_n level_n be_v a_o good_a proportion_n for_o a_o sloop_n chap._n lv._o for_o make_v cider_n observe_v these_o rule_n whatsoever_o apple_n you_o make_v your_o cider_n of_o let_v they_o hang_v on_o the_o tree_n until_o they_o be_v through_o ripe_a which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o these_o few_o infallible_a rule_n first_o if_o you_o find_v the_o kernel_n brown_a or_o the_o seed_n rattle_v in_o the_o apple_n as_o in_o some_o they_o will_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o begin_v to_o fall_v much_o in_o still_a weather_n or_o if_o you_o find_v they_o to_o handle_v like_o a_o dry_a piece_n of_o wood_n sound_v in_o your_o hand_n if_o you_o toss_v they_o up_o than_o you_o may_v go_v to_o gather_v as_o fast_o as_o you_o please_v so_o your_o fruit_n be_v dry_a observe_v that_o the_o green_a your_o fruit_n be_v the_o sour_a will_v your_o cider_n be_v therefore_o be_v not_o too_o forward_o in_o gather_v for_o gather_v your_o apple_n observe_v these_o direction_n take_v care_n they_o be_v not_o too_o much_o bruise_v for_o your_o bruise_a fruit_n if_o they_o be_v a_o little_a keep_v will_v rot_v and_o give_v your_o cider_n a_o ill_a taste_n and_o a_o high_a brown_a colour_n and_o not_o yield_v so_o well_o for_o your_o bruise_a place_n of_o the_o apple_n if_o it_o do_v not_o immediate_o rot_v the_o juice_n of_o that_o place_n will_v vapour_n forth_o and_o be_v a_o dry_a red_a yield_v little_a taste_n or_o liquor_n but_o sometime_o a_o bad_a taste_n but_o to_o the_o make_n of_o one_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n there_o be_v require_v a_o great_a many_o apple_n as_o if_o they_o be_v good_a yield_a fruit_n and_o not_o too_o long_o keep_v some_o 18_o or_o 20_o bushel_n will_v make_v a_o hogshead_n if_o not_o as_o aforesaid_a then_o 24_o bushel_n or_o more_o to_o one_o hogshead_n therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o have_v your_o apple_n too_o much_o bruise_v yet_o i_o will_v not_o advise_v you_o to_o pick_v they_o by_o hand_n but_o you_o may_v lay_v a_o truss_n or_o two_o of_o barley_n straw_n under_o your_o tree_n when_o you_o go_v to_o gather_v they_o and_o on_o that_o lay_v some_o blanket_n or_o the_o like_a according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o tree_n thereon_o with_o discretion_n shake_v your_o fruit_n let_v not_o too_o many_o lie_v on_o at_o one_o time_n but_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o place_n where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v lie_v till_o you_o grind_v or_o beat_v they_o thus_o you_o may_v remove_v your_o straw_n and_o blanket_n from_o tree_n to_o tree_n as_o your_o pleasure_n be_v now_o for_o keep_v they_o after_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o let_v it_o be_v in_o some_o house_n if_o you_o can_v with_o convenience_n and_o on_o some_o dry_a board_n or_o board_v flower_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o earth-flower_n you_o must_v lay_v they_o on_o first_o cover_v it_o with_o good_a dry_a straw_n and_o so_o lay_v they_o on_o that_o for_o if_o you_o lay_v they_o on_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v decay_v fast_o and_o turn_v musty_a before_o they_o have_v do_v sweat_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o which_o be_v best_a to_o preserve_v plant_n be_v the_o quite_o contrary_a to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v fruit_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v plain_a that_o which_o a_o man_n sow_v must_v first_o die_v before_o it_o take_v root_n to_o live_v and_o produce_v its_o kind_n thus_o it_o may_v be_v with_o fruit_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o secret_a vapour_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v much_o to_o the_o death_n or_o dissolution_n of_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n that_o the_o seed_n may_v the_o soon_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o produce_v its_o like_a in_o its_o several_a kind_n for_o nature_n or_o the_o secret_a provide_v power_n of_o the_o almighty_a be_v at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n actuate_a and_o assist_v every_o species_n to_o produce_v its_o kind_n for_o any_o who_o have_v but_o observe_v the_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n though_o one_o have_v get_v his_o fur_n gown_n &_o the_o other_o his_o nolimetangere_a cloak_n as_o to_o too_o of_o the_o sense_n yet_o notwithstanding_o when_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o as_o i_o may_v say_v than_o how_o willing_o the_o gown_n and_o cloak_n be_v throw_v aside_o to_o
content_a of_o man_n and_o these_o two_o jewel_n no_o man_n that_o well_o understand_v himself_o will_v willing_o be_v without_o for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o set_v down_o for_o a_o certain_a truth_n by_o many_o wise_a man_n but_o confirm_v by_o experience_n the_o learned_a lord_n bacon_n commend_v the_o follow_v of_o the_o plough_n in_o fresh_a ground_n to_o be_v very_o healthful_a for_o man_n but_o more_o the_o digging_z in_o garden_n say_v it_o be_v best_a to_o take_v the_o air_n of_o the_o earth_n new_o turn_v up_o by_o digging_z with_o the_o spade_n or_o stand_v by_o he_o that_o dig_v he_o tell_v you_o also_o that_o he_o know_v a_o great_a man_n that_o live_v long_o who_o have_v a_o clean_a clod_n of_o earth_n bring_v to_o he_o every_o morning_n as_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o bed_n and_o will_v hold_v his_o head_n over_o it_o a_o good_a pretty_a while_n etc._n etc._n see_v pag._n 203._o of_o his_o natural_a history_n for_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a external_n or_o visible_a and_o internal_a or_o invisible_a the_o external_n be_v not_o the_o element_n but_o the_o body_n of_o the_o element_n in_o which_o be_v the_o sulphur_n mercury_n and_o salt_n for_o the_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v life_n and_o spirit_n wherein_o lie_v the_o astra_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o bring_v forth_o all_o grow_a thing_n for_o it_o have_v in_o itself_o the_o seed_n and_o seminal_a virtue_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o as_o it_o be_v make_v fruitful_a by_o all_o the_o other_o element_n so_o it_o bring_v forth_o all_o thing_n out_o of_o itself_o as_o tree_n herb_n and_o flower_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v again_o the_o astrum_n and_o seed_n see_v philosophy_n reform_v p._n 38._o thus_o be_v show_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v in_o it_o the_o virtue_n of_o all_o herb_n it_o must_v then_o be_v also_o healthful_a as_o they_o be_v but_o for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v near_o the_o surface_n the_o plant_n suck_v most_o of_o its_o virtue_n into_o they_o therefore_o that_o which_o lie_v deep_o may_v be_v the_o more_o healthful_a for_o man_n to_o smell_v of_o for_o consumption_n loss_n of_o appetite_n etc._n etc._n and_o tree_n do_v not_o only_o catch_v the_o mildew_n and_o other_o offensive_a dew_n with_o their_o leave_n but_o screen_n the_o air_n of_o other_o bad_a one_o and_o make_v it_o much_o the_o healthful_a for_o man._n therefore_o you_o that_o live_v near_o to_o fen_n moor_n and_o other_o unhealthful_a place_n plant_v your_o seat_n round_o with_o tree_n and_o some_o of_o those_o that_o yield_v healthful_a smell_n for_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a what_o the_o aforesaid_a learned_a author_n say_v p._n 204._o that_o odour_n do_v nourish_v for_o he_o say_v he_o know_v a_o gentleman_n that_o will_v fast_v three_o or_o four_o day_n without_o meat_n bread_n or_o drink_n by_o only_o smell_v to_o a_o great_a wisp_n of_o herb_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o p._n 44._o in_o the_o history_n of_o his_o life_n and_o death_n say_v that_o odour_n be_v especial_o profitable_a for_o the_o comfort_v of_o the_o heart_n and_o further_o he_o say_v we_o commend_v above_o all_o other_o odour_n that_o of_o plant_n grow_v and_o not_o pluck_v take_v in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o violet_n gillyflower_n pink_n bean-flower_n linetree_n blossom_n honeysuckle_n wall-flower_n rose_n mint_n lavender_n etc._n etc._n orange-tree_n citron_n myrtle_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o to_o walk_v or_o sit_v near_o the_o breath_n of_o these_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v neglect_v thus_o you_o see_v this_o learned_a man_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o linetree_n and_o if_o the_o simple_a water_n that_o be_v distil_v from_o the_o flower_n be_v good_a against_o the_o plague_n or_o other_o infectious_a disease_n as_o certain_a it_o be_v then_o sure_a the_o smell_n from_o the_o blossom_n themselves_o must_v be_v very_o good_a therefore_o excellent_a to_o plant_v near_o your_o house_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o wise_a man_n opinion_n be_v that_o the_o line-tree_n in_o the_o city_n in_o holland_n add_v much_o to_o the_o health_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o it_o be_v my_o belief_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o lime_n or_o linetree_n in_o the_o ensue_a line_n and_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o for_o your_o further_a encouragement_n to_o plant_v and_o preserve_v tree_n the_o content_a of_o one_o tree_n as_o i_o have_v it_o from_o the_o honourable_a sir_n henry_n capell_n as_o follow_v a_o witch-elm_n in_o sir_n walter_n baggott_n park_n in_o the_o county_n of_o stafford_n two_o man_n five_o day_n fell_v it_o it_o lay_v 40_o yard_n in_o length_n the_o stool_n five_o yard_n two_o foot_n over_o fourteen_o load_n of_o wood_n break_v in_o the_o fall_n forty_o eight_o load_n in_o the_o top._n eighty_o pair_n of_o nave_n be_v make_v out_o of_o it_o eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n of_o board_n and_o plank_n it_o cost_v ten_o pound_n seventeen_o shilling_n saw_v the_o whole_a substance_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v 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they_o to_o find_v their_o nourishment_n the_o better_a note_v that_o those_o tree_n who_o root_n run_v shallow_a do_v most_o delight_n in_o light_a ground_n as_o on_o a_o gravel_n your_o beech_n cherry_n ash_n if_o mix_v with_o loom_n the_o elm_n or_o any_o on_o a_o brick_n earth_n the_o oak_n elm_n pear_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o these_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o each_o particular_a chapter_n of_o their_o kind_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o ground_n for_o tree_n or_o most_o sort_n of_o plant_n i_o take_v your_o clay_n to_o be_v the_o worst_a that_o be_v your_o strong_a blue_a strong_a white_a or_o strong_a red_a but_o if_o any_o of_o these_o have_v some_o stone_n natural_o in_o they_o they_o make_v they_o the_o better_a and_o the_o near_o they_o turn_v to_o a_o mixture_n of_o loom_n they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o better_o so_o likewise_o gravelly_a or_o sandy_a ground_n the_o near_a a_o loom_n the_o better_a for_o a_o loom_n that_o be_v a_o light_a brick-earth_n be_v the_o most_o natural_a ground_n for_o garden_n or_o plantation_n that_o be_v your_o strong_a ground_n be_v worse_o for_o tree_n than_o your_o light_n especial_o for_o their_o seed_n for_o they_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o great_a weed_n as_o couch-grass_n thistle_n nettle_n etc._n etc._n when_o your_o gravelly_a ground_n have_v in_o most_o place_n a_o short_a grass_n or_o mother_n of_o thyme_n or_o moss_n common_o the_o great_a plant_n be_v fern_n which_o be_v very_o natural_a to_o seed_n of_o tree_n and_o to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n you_o may_v often_o see_v several_a young_a tree_n come_v up_o in_o fern_n which_o natural_o grow_v on_o your_o light_a ground_n therefore_o be_v most_o natural_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o wood_n but_o your_o strong_a ground_n do_v most_o common_o produce_v the_o great_a oak_n and_o your_o gravelly_a or_o shallow_a ground_n the_o fine_a grain_n that_o be_v when_o tree_n be_v on_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o do_v natural_o love_v to_o grow_v on_o they_o then_o produce_v the_o great_a grain_n for_o then_o be_v their_o annual_a circle_n the_o great_a therefore_o such_o tree_n be_v your_o strong_a and_o tough_a timber_n but_o when_o a_o tree_n grow_v on_o a_o ground_n it_o natural_o do_v not_o like_a than_o the_o annual_a circle_n be_v small_a the_o grain_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n must_v by_o consequence_n be_v fine_a and_o the_o wood_n not_o so_o tough_a so_o that_o these_o stately_a tree_n do_v not_o love_v such_o great_a variety_n as_o your_o annual_n for_o if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o ground_n which_o they_o do_v not_o very_o well_o like_a if_o you_o give_v they_o but_o room_n by_o deep_a and_o often_o dig_v they_o will_v then_o search_v the_o further_a from_o home_n and_o provide_v such_o nourishment_n as_o will_v make_v they_o thrive_v and_o be_v stately_a when_o as_o your_o annual_a plant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v not_o very_o long_o live_v they_o will_v desire_v better_o and_o more_o variety_n of_o dung_n than_o your_o forrest-tree_n i_o have_v often_o admire_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o some_o plant_n will_v not_o come_v to_o their_o perfection_n unless_o they_o stand_v on_o dung_n or_o that_o which_o will_v give_v a_o great_a heat_n which_o will_v kill_v the_o seed_n of_o several_a other_o do_v they_o but_o stand_v there_o one_o day_n but_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n that_o such_o plant_n desire_v it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v make_v for_o hot_a country_n and_o therefore_o if_o we_o will_v have_v they_o to_o come_v to_o maturity_n in_o our_o cold_a one_o we_o must_v give_v they_o warm_a lodging_n especial_o in_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v too_o cold_a with_o we_o for_o they_o but_o what_o be_v it_o then_o that_o plant_n do_v feed_v on_o but_o then_o to_o consider_v well_o this_o why_o the_o heat_n of_o grass_n or_o green_a weed_n shall_v bring_v they_o forward_o as_o well_o as_o dung_n of_o horse_n provide_v you_o can_v keep_v it_o but_o as_o temperate_a for_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o as_o long_o last_v for_o it_o will_v not_o keep_v its_o heat_n long_o where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n and_o mercury_n or_o spirit_n in_o the_o dung_n more_o than_o in_o the_o grass_n to_o feed_v these_o plant_n also_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o if_o you_o take_v rich_a mould_n half_a or_o more_o of_o it_o rot_a dung_n and_o cover_v one_o end_n of_o your_o bed_n with_o the_o other_o end_n cover_v the_o same_o thickness_n with_o poor_a hungry_a mould_n provide_v you_o make_v it_o fine_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o this_o last_o shall_v do_v as_o well_o and_o many_o time_n better_a for_o any_o seed_n on_o a_o hot_a bed_n than_o the_o rich_a mould_n where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n more_o than_o in_o the_o hungry_a as_o most_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o rich_a the_o mould_n the_o more_o of_o they_o and_o that_o all_o plant_n draw_v their_o nourishment_n from_o these_o matter_n when_o i_o know_v that_o the_o seed_n most_o we_o sow_v on_o hot_a bed_n can_v well_o digest_v that_o matter_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n if_o it_o be_v there_o more_o than_o in_o the_o poor_a and_o come_v on_o much_o forward_a in_o these_o mould_v each_o if_o not_o on_o a_o hot-bed_n the_o rich_a mould_n will_v bring_v on_o plant_n much_o strong_a than_o the_o poor_a provide_v the_o seed_n be_v of_o such_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n pigeon_n dung_n sow_v thin_a upon_o cold_a land_n and_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v very_o good_a for_o barley_n but_o if_o sow_v late_o and_o on_o dry_a hot_a ground_n it_o will_v then_o do_v more_o harm_n than_o
shoot_v forth_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o their_o head_n that_o be_v the_o side-bough_n to_o keep_v the_o wind_n from_o break_v they_o there_o be_v in_o these_o four_o row_n of_o tree_n 296._o and_o of_o these_o i_o lose_v not_o one_o tree_n the_o first_o year_n but_o they_o do_v grow_v and_o shoot_v so_o well_o that_o there_o be_v several_a noble_a man_n that_o see_v they_o do_v think_v as_o they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o remove_v the_o year_n before_o but_o the_o year_n after_o we_o have_v three_o spoil_v by_o some_o base_a man_n or_o boy_n of_o the_o very_a same_o parcel_n of_o tree_n my_o lord_n give_v sir_n william_n temple_n thirty_o of_o the_o best_a of_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o see_v choose_v out_o they_o be_v set_v at_o sir_n william_n house_n at_o sheen_n a_o much_o better_o nature_a ground_n than_o we_o yet_o they_o lose_v all_o but_o six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o year_n i_o see_v a_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n but_o i_o think_v they_o be_v the_o bastard-kind_n which_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n in_o england_n set_v at_o debden-hall_n the_o right_a worshipful_a sir_n richard_n brown_n house_n the_o natural_a ground_n be_v not_o bad_a for_o they_o but_o how_o they_o be_v order_v i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o they_o have_v the_o first_o year_n not_o above_o one_o in_o ten_o that_o do_v grow_v any_o thing_n considerable_o i_o see_v the_o like_a or_o worse_o spoil_v of_o the_o same_o tree_n at_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n turnor_n near_a startford_n where_o the_o ground_n may_v easy_o have_v be_v make_v very_o good_a for_o they_o i_o only_o write_v this_o to_o persuade_v noble_a man_n and_o other_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_v to_o remember_v the_o old_a say_n viz._n a_o thing_n once_o well_o do_v be_v twice_o do_v and_o those_o that_o be_v resolve_v to_o plant_n that_o they_o make_v their_o ground_n fit_a for_o those_o tree_n before_o they_o set_v they_o and_o not_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o hole_n like_o a_o dead_a dog_n as_o too_o too_o many_o do_v let_v i_o then_o beg_v that_o they_o may_v have_v good_a and_o fresh_a lodging_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o good_a attendance_n also_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o their_o enemy_n till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v with_o they_o they_o that_o will_v not_o do_v this_o let_v they_o never_o resolve_v to_o plant_v tree_n for_o why_o shall_v they_o spoil_v the_o least_o of_o those_o stately_a monument_n and_o in_o so_o do_v throw_v away_o their_o money_n for_o let_v such_o note_n that_o nature_n bestow_v not_o her_o gift_n but_o where_o she_o find_v suitable_a convenience_n therefore_o order_v your_o ground_n well_o and_o then_o you_o may_v see_v a_o good_a success_n as_o my_o lord_n have_v have_v in_o several_a of_o his_o plantation_n though_o as_o bad_a ground_n as_o most_o be_v to_o plant_v on_o one_o night_n my_o thought_n walk_v up_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n line-walks_a i_o hear_v the_o grateful_a tree_n thus_o pay_v the_o tribute_n of_o their_o thanks_o to_o his_o lordship_n like_a pyramid_n our_o stately_a top_n we_o will_v raise_v to_o sing_v our_o noble_a benefactor_n be_v praise_n fresh_o we_o will_v to_o after-age_n show_v what_o noble_a essex_n do_v on_o we_o bestow_v for_o we_o our_o very_a be_v owe_v to_o he_o or_o else_o we_o have_v long_o since_o entomb_v be_v in_o crop_n of_o bird_n or_o in_o beast_n belly_n find_v or_o meet_v our_o death_n neglect_v on_o the_o ground_n by_o he_o we_o cherish_v be_v with_o dung_n and_o spade_n for_o which_o we_o will_v recompense_n he_o with_o our_o shade_n and_o since_o his_o kindness_n see_v we_o prune_v so_o well_o we_o will_v requite_v he_o with_o our_o fragrant_a smell_n in_o winter_n as_o in_o gratitude_n be_v meet_v we_o will_v strew_v our_o humble_a leave_n beneath_o his_o foot_n nay_o in_o each_o tree_n root_n trunk_n branch_n all_o will_v be_v proud_a to_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o posterity_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o by_o example_n the_o good_a effect_n of_o a_o light_a brick-earth_n upon_o gravel_n i_o can_v also_o tell_v the_o same_o of_o a_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n small_a gravel_n upon_o your_o clay_n or_o stiff_a ground_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o i_o have_v inform_v your_o judgement_n so_o much_o that_o you_o will_v reasonable_o conclude_v with_o i_o that_o the_o prepare_v of_o ground_n for_o tree_n be_v only_o to_o mix_v ground_n so_o together_o that_o there_o may_v be_v convenient_a room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o search_v for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o to_o humour_v the_o tree_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o natural_a ground_n which_o each_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v in_o i_o know_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o stiff_a clay_n then_o to_o trench_v and_o mix_v it_o with_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n lime_n rubbish_n or_o chalk_n and_o lime_n be_v great_a help_n to_o such_o ground_n either_o for_o tree_n or_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o more_o last_a than_o dung_n and_o for_o forrest-tree_n full_a as_o good_a as_o dung_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o give_v leave_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o take_v away_o that_o over-moistness_a in_o the_o cold_a stiff_a ground_n which_o hinder_v conception_n by_o let_v the_o water_n down_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o keep_v it_o from_o crack_v and_o so_o nourish_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o keep_v it_o from_o spend_v it_o too_o hasty_o horse-dung_n be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o hot_a bed_n with_o for_o such_o plant_n as_o be_v common_o raise_v of_o they_o be_v annual_a plant_n but_o it_o be_v too_o hasty_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n unless_o it_o be_v rot_v and_o well_o mix_v with_o natural_a mould_n it_o be_v best_a for_o your_o stiff_a cold_a land_n and_o if_o you_o lay_v it_o upon_o plough_v ground_n which_o it_o be_v best_o for_o then_o plough_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o if_o it_o lie_v there_o to_o dry_v there_o will_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oily_a substance_n which_o make_v the_o fume_n for_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n be_v exhale_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n let_v no_o sort_n of_o dung_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n unplowedin_fw-fr but_o plough_n or_o dig_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o by_o lie_v so_o it_o do_v not_o only_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o goodness_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o if_o it_o lie_v thin_a but_o where_o your_o dunghill_n lie_v every_o shower_n will_v wash_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v the_o dung_n off_o from_o that_o place_n as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v yet_o you_o shall_v have_v that_o place_n bear_v rank_a corn_n than_o where_o you_o think_v the_o dung_n have_v lie_v much_o thick_a if_o it_o lie_v long_o in_o a_o place_n the_o observation_n of_o this_o teach_v i_o many_o good_a uses_n as_o first_o to_o lay_v dung_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n be_v much_o better_a than_o stone_n as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n advises_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n for_o this_o keep_v moist_a the_o ground_n better_o than_o they_o and_o rain_n wash_v the_o strength_n to_o the_o root_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o if_o you_o dig_v in_o this_o when_o the_o strength_n be_v go_v and_o your_o tree_n strong_a it_o than_o prepare_v way_n for_o the_o root_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a benefit_n to_o your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o digged-in_a but_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n and_o there_o turn_v to_o earth_n it_o than_o feed_v the_o root_n on_o the_o top_n and_o lead_v they_o upward_o and_o see_v where_o dung_n lie_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v by_o the_o washing-in_a of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n it_o may_v well_o inform_v you_o that_o dung_n steep_v in_o water_n be_v very_o good_a especial_o if_o you_o use_v dung_n in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o plant_n and_o strength_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
and_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o shoot_v much_o in_o a_o year_n for_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a fume_v and_o such_o plant_n can_v well_o dispose_v of_o it_o cowdung_n be_v a_o good_a soil_n for_o most_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o hot_a ground_n and_o better_a for_o durable_a plant_n than_o it_o be_v for_o annual_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o rare_a flower_n if_o first_o it_o be_v thorow-rotten_a and_o then_o dry_v and_o beat_v to_o dust_n and_o some_o fresh_a fine_a earth_n then_o mix_v well_o with_o it_o deers-dung_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cow_n or_o bullock_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o tender_a and_o small_a plant_n sheeps-dung_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o more_o agreeable_a to_o tender_v and_o small_a seed_n and_o plant_n by_o this_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n find_v good_a profit_n by_o fold_v their_o sheep_n every_o night_n on_o their_o own_o land_n for_o there_o they_o find_v a_o far_o certain_a benefit_n on_o their_o ground_n by_o the_o dung_n and_o urine_n which_o the_o sheep_n make_v in_o one_o night_n though_o it_o be_v not_o long_o last_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a help_n for_o the_o first_o crop_n and_o a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o second_o this_o may_v teach_v you_o that_o a_o thin_a sprinkle_n of_o dung_n be_v more_o sure_a most_o year_n for_o your_o corn-land_n than_o great_a quantity_n and_o also_o that_o to_o break_v your_o dung_n small_a be_v best_a for_o the_o small_a the_o better_o especial_o if_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o long_o before_o you_o sow_v especial_o for_o your_o summer-crop_n from_o this_o i_o do_v advise_v my_o ingenuous_a countryman_n of_o these_o few_o rule_n which_o be_v speak_v before_o to_o well_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n and_o by_o so_o do_v to_o enrich_v it_o with_o such_o soil_n and_o dung_n as_o be_v most_o natural_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v on_o it_o and_o to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n at_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o many_o useful_a compost_n and_o also_o that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v far_o more_o proper_a for_o some_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v for_o other_o though_o there_o be_v many_o more_o sort_n that_o may_v be_v and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o very_o good_a effect_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o nor_o you_o with_o the_o name_v any_o more_o know_v that_o he_o that_o understand_v to_o number_v to_o 20_o in_o arithmetic_n may_v soon_o count_v to_o a_o 100_o now_o as_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o tree_n plant_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o small_a your_o seed_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n the_o fine_a the_o quick_a your_o seed_n be_v of_o growth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o run_v into_o stalk_n or_o leaf_n your_o dung_n may_v then_o be_v the_o new_a and_o strong_a and_o the_o more_o in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o digestion_n of_o your_o plant_n but_o if_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o long_a last_a then_o let_v the_o dung_n be_v the_o more_o rot_a and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o shoot_v great_a shoot_n the_o more_o you_o may_v allow_v they_o but_o let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o some_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o and_o also_o to_o allow_v they_o room_n that_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o little_a and_o small_a cottage_n and_o as_o for_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n if_o the_o time_n be_v the_o spring_n that_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o sow_v your_o seed_n then_o lay_v such_o dung_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a early_a on_o your_o ground_n and_o rather_o err_v in_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o such_o dung_n as_o be_v your_o pigeon_n hen_n sea-coal-ash_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a such_o as_o horse-dung_n horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n these_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o annual_n and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o be_v too_o spare_v towards_o these_o tender_a plant_n rather_o err_v in_o keep_v your_o dung_n too_o dry_a than_o too_o wet_a for_o in_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v keep_v its_o heat_n the_o long_o and_o have_v the_o more_o command_n to_o keep_v it_o so_o but_o if_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v dung_n on_o ground_n to_o help_v such_o tree_n or_o plant_n as_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o more_o slow_a in_o their_o progress_n then_o mix_v such_o dung_n thin_a and_o not_o too_o near_o the_o root_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o autumn_n season_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n then_o lay_v it_o something_o thick_a for_o the_o winter_n will_v qualify_v the_o strength_n and_o heat_n of_o it_o to_o conclude_v if_o you_o be_v to_o lay_v dung_n on_o land_n that_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v with_o seed_n that_o do_v not_o run_v much_o into_o stalk_n and_o be_v but_o slow_a in_o grow_v then_o do_v as_o our_o farmer_n do_v let_v it_o be_v rot_v and_o mix_v well_o with_o mould_n before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n and_o then_o your_o grain_n or_o seed_n will_v the_o better_o agree_v with_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v find_v on_o your_o land_n strong_a great_a weed_n such_o as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o for_o strong_a land_n will_v produce_v the_o strong_a weed_n and_o the_o other_o contrary_n therefore_o if_o your_o dung_n be_v too_o rank_a and_o new_a for_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v your_o ground_n with_o then_o mix_v it_o with_o some_o other_o compost_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o your_o land_n and_o most_o convenient_a to_o be_v have_v and_o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a then_o mix_v it_o with_o chalk_n light_v sandy_a ground_n or_o somewhat_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o earth_n first_o than_o your_o dung_n and_o then_o earth_n to_o cover_v your_o dung_n all_o over_o by_o so_o do_v you_o will_v save_v that_o oily_a water_n which_o will_v soak_v from_o the_o dung_n by_o shower_n of_o rain_n into_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o dung_n and_o by_o cover_v your_o dung_n with_o earth_n it_o will_v keep_v the_o sun_n from_o dry_v out_o that_o moisture_n and_o whatever_o fume_n arise_v the_o earth_n on_o the_o top_n will_v receive_v be_v sure_a you_o let_v it_o not_o grow_v with_o weed_n on_o the_o top_n but_o when_o you_o find_v they_o to_o appear_v take_v they_o off_o and_o suffer_v none_o to_o grow_v on_o your_o compost_n or_o turn_v it_o over_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o your_o earth_n below_o however_o let_v it_o be_v mix_v together_o before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n thus_o do_v with_o new_a horse-dung_n and_o litter_n but_o if_o it_o be_v any_o other_o dung_n lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o opportunity_n serve_v for_o the_o long_o you_o let_v it_o lie_v the_o more_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o strength_n therefore_o lay_v it_o on_o rather_o too_o thin_a and_o in_o dry_a weather_n and_o early_o to_o assist_v nature_n do_v thou_o not_o neglect_v use_v she_o not_o rough_o lest_o there_o be_v defect_n thus_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o tree_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o flower_n or_o other_o fine_a and_o tender_a plant_n you_o then_o must_v be_v more_o curious_a and_o mix_v your_o earth_n better_o but_o they_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n at_o this_o time_n the_o main_a business_n be_v to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o to_o fetch_v their_o nourishment_n as_o for_o tree_n and_o plant_n that_o root_v deep_a trench_v your_o ground_n according_o etc._n etc._n now_o for_o to_o please_v the_o tree_n or_o plant_n with_o such_o earth_n as_o it_o delight_v to_o be_v in_o add_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o dung_n as_o may_v be_v suitable_a to_o the_o growth_n of_o your_o tree_n or_o plant_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o fume_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o let_v this_o fume_n be_v make_v of_o what_o it_o will_v for-my_a part_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v whether_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n or_o as_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n all_o or_o any_o one_o of_o these_o that_o feed_v the_o plant_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o if_o it_o be_v fire_n earth_n water_n or_o air_n as_o be_v former_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a for_o sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n may_v answer_v to_o fire_n salt_n to_o the_o earth_n mercury_n to_o water_n spirit_n to_o air._n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o
plant_n have_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n in_o they_o some_o more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o that_o they_o feed_v on_o these_o be_v not_o certain_a to_o i_o but_o it_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o fume_v steam_n or_o more_o proper_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o feed_v on_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o vast_a many_o production_n of_o plant_n and_o infect_v which_o be_v produce_v every_o year_n and_o from_o no_o seed_n or_o sperm_n but_o according_a to_o the_o fit_a matrix_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star-fire_n and_o virgin_n mercury_n their_o dame_n nature_n be_v then_o busy_a to_o make_v some_o plant_n or_o insect_n according_a as_o she_o have_v provide_v a_o breast_n to_o suckle_v and_o feed_v they_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o but_o only_o a_o lodging-place_n and_o simple_a water_n be_v only_o its_o garment_n for_o simple_a crude_a water_n feed_v nothing_o but_o be_v rather_o destructive_a as_o be_v see_v by_o water_n that_o run_v forth_o on_o a_o gravel_n and_o the_o stream_n quick_a there_o be_v feldome_o good_a meadow_n by_o such_o river_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o town_n that_o wash_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n or_o good_a rich_a land_n or_o lane_n or_o the_o like_a your_o spring-water_n unless_o it_o have_v some_o assistance_n be_v the_o like_a but_o of_o water_n see_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o example_n of_o earth_n by_o which_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v on_o simple_a earth_n nor_o crude_a water_n my_o lord_n be_v the_o author_n that_o tell_v i_o this_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v permit_v i_o i_o then_o do_v try_v the_o experiment_n which_o be_v thus_o perform_v i_o take_v out_o of_o a_o hill_n of_o good_a rich_a fresh_a earth_n which_o i_o have_v prepare_v for_o other_o thing_n some_o of_o the_o dry_v somewhat_o above_o a_o good_a large_a flowerpot_n full_a this_o i_o carry_v into_o a_o little_a room_n which_o i_o have_v at_o hadham-hall_n it_o join_v upon_o the_o bakehouse_n there_o i_o spread_v this_o earth_n thin_a upon_o the_o shelf_n now_o and_o then_o turn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v as_o dry_a as_o dust_n and_o as_o i_o think_v as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o burn_v have_v thus_o prepare_v my_o earth_n i_o fill_v a_o flowerpot_n with_o it_o which_o pot_n and_o earth_n thus_o fill_v weigh_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v weigh_v it_o just_a eighteen_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a march_z approaching_z in_o the_o year_n 1666_o i_o put_v this_o pot_n into_o a_o hot_a bed_n to_o secure_v the_o seed_n and_o withal_o to_o help_v forward_o my_o design_n to_o preserve_v they_o the_o seed_n be_v purslain_a which_o i_o sow_v in_o it_o the_o quantity_n be_v very_o small_a i_o keep_v this_o pot_n in_o hot_a bed_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o may_n and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o under_o a_o south_n wall_n where_o it_o stand_v till_o that_o month_n be_v out_o and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o in_o the_o shade_n from_o the_o meridian_n sun_n there_o it_o stand_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n and_o then_o find_v my_o plant_n full_a of_o seed_n and_o at_o a_o stand_n i_o then_o cut_v up_o the_o purslain_a close_o to_o the_o ground_n at_o noontime_n when_o it_o be_v very_o dry_a and_o weigh_v the_o purslain_a as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v and_o it_o weigh_v just_a six_o pound_n two_o ounce_n then_o i_o take_v the_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o south_n window_n in_o a_o banquet_a house_n to_o dry_a turn_v the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v out_o some_o of_o the_o moisture_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v wet_a for_o i_o have_v keep_v this_o pot_n with_o water_v all_o the_o summer_n as_o occasion_v serve_v then_o i_o take_v this_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o little_a room_n to_o dry_v the_o earth_n as_o i_o do_v before_o and_o put_v some_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o a_o box_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o pot_n i_o make_v it_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v or_o at_o least_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o sow_v my_o seed_n in_o it_o and_o then_o put_v all_o my_o earth_n into_o the_o pot_n again_o i_o weigh_v it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o and_o then_o the_o pot_n and_o the_o earth_n weight_v just_o eighteen_o pound_n and_o seven_o ounce_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v the_o root_n of_o the_o purslain_a but_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v i_o do_v believe_v they_o do_v not_o weigh_v one_o ounce_n and_o this_o one_o ounce_n that_o it_o lose_v of_o weight_n may_v be_v earth_n dash_v over_o with_o ra_n now_o these_o plant_n weigh_v so_o much_o and_o the_o earth_n waste_v or_o decrease_v in_o its_o weight_n so_o little_a do_v plain_o show_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v only_o on_o earth_n for_o i_o do_v believe_v this_o that_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v waste_v be_v dash_v out_o of_o the_o pot_n by_o hasty_a water_v and_o by_o sudden_a shower_n of_o rain_n or_o perchance_o some_o may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pot_n with_o the_o water_n now_o though_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v on_o earth_n yet_o earth_n be_v the_o nurse_n and_o receptacle_n of_o most_o thing_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v spungy_a and_o porous_a fit_a to_o receive_v the_o several_a influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o heat_n rains_n and_o dew_n and_o store_v they_o up_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o her_o product_n and_o when_o the_o seed_n or_o plant_n desire_v it_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o celestial_a heat_n the_o earth_n free_o give_v out_o of_o her_o store_n according_a as_o the_o plant_n can_v dispose_v of_o it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o plant_n to_o feed_v on_o this_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o many_o time_n nature_n make_v some_o which_o do_v for_o the_o earth_n will_v produce_v several_a plant_n of_o its_o self_n without_o seed_n or_o root_n but_o they_o be_v plant_n of_o no_o long_a last_a and_o when_o they_o die_v they_o then_o turn_v to_o air_n and_o spirit_n as_o all_o thing_n do_v for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a stay_n for_o all_o thing_n have_v their_o time_n of_o increase_v and_o their_o time_n of_o decay_a till_o they_o be_v turn_v to_o that_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v no_o man_n can_v see_v tree_n grow_v yet_o all_o man_n know_v that_o they_o do_v it_o be_v plain_a to_o see_v when_o a_o tree_n be_v decay_v yet_o to_o know_v how_o long_o it_o will_v be_v before_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o decay_v turn_v to_o earth_n or_o dust_n be_v hard_o to_o know_v though_o it_o be_v report_a that_o a_o oak_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n a_o grow_a a_o hundred_o year_n stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o a_o hundred_o year_n decay_v yet_o this_o be_v very_o erroneous_a for_o on_o shallow_a ground_n a_o oak_n will_v not_o grow_v so_o long_o and_o on_o deep_a ground_n much_o long_o and_o neither_o it_o nor_o any_o thing_n else_o stand_v at_o a_o stay_n but_o when_o it_o do_v begin_v to_o decay_v it_o keep_v on_o according_a as_o it_o meet_v with_o accident_n till_o it_o come_v to_o dust_n thus_o have_v i_o guess_v but_o whether_o right_a or_o no_o the_o critic_n lash_v i_o be_o sure_a to_o undergo_v i_o to_o th'ingen'ous_a practiser_n direct_v these_o line_n which_o hope_v with_o he_o to_o gain_v respect_n for_o learned_a man_n ofttimes_o mistake_v be_v when_o fool_n as_o oft_o guess_v right_a though_o unaware_o chap._n ix_o of_o water_n for_o tree_n and_o seed_n and_o water_v they_o i_o have_v oft_o observe_v your_o cistern_n and_o other_o place_n that_o be_v only_o fill_v with_o rain-water_n that_o that_o water_n will_v in_o a_o summer_n time_n produce_v several_a sort_n of_o infect_v and_o some_o sort_n of_o water-plant_n and_o also_o that_o it_o will_v leave_v a_o green_a slime_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o plant_n which_o substance_n or_o slime_n as_o i_o term_v it_o will_v certain_o be_v spend_v into_o plant_n be_v there_o but_o some_o quantity_n of_o aquatic_a plant_n put_v into_o this_o water_n such_o as_o mint_n of_o any_o sort_n yellow_a water-flagge_n flower-de-luce_n crabs-claw_n or_o water_n sen-green_a brook-lime_n ducks-meat_n etc._n etc._n i_o once_o make_v a_o experiment_n to_o try_v this_o which_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v i_o take_v two_o water-pot_n and_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o water_n out_o of_o a_o fountain_n which_o have_v be_v fill_v by_o snow_n and_o rain_n the_o winter_n before_o and_o
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such_o up_o you_o spoil_v their_o spear_v by_o break_v it_o off_o or_o by_o let_v in_o the_o dry_a air_n and_o so_o kill_v it_o therefore_o keep_v your_o bed_n clean_o from_o weed_n and_o about_o the_o middle_n or_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n they_o will_v be_v come_v up_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n sift_v a_o little_o rich_a mould_n all_o over_o the_o bed_n but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o cover_v they_o thus_o do_v the_o next_o summer_n and_o take_v off_o the_o side_n â—_o bough_n though_o young_a and_o when_o they_o have_v stand_v two_o year_n on_o that_o bed_n then_o plant_v they_o on_o bed_n in_o your_o nursery_n keep_v they_o with_o dig_v and_o prune_v up_o yearly_o till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o the_o stature_n you_o think_v convenient_a to_o plant_v abroad_o in_o set_v this_o or_o any_o sort_n of_o tree_n forget_v not_o to_o top_v the_o end_n of_o the_o tap-root_n or_o other_o long_a one_o and_o also_o not_o to_o leave_v a_o bruise_a end_n uncut_v off_o 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the_o oak_n you_o need_v not_o much_o fear_n its_o grow_a top-heavy_a for_o it_o have_v such_o a_o thick_a bark_n the_o sap_n be_v subject_a to_o lodge_v in_o it_o and_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n and_o the_o root_n apt_a to_o break_v out_o with_o sucker_n the_o more_o when_o prune_v therefore_o prune_v it_o up_o high_a and_o often_o but_o let_v the_o season_n be_v february_n for_o then_o its_o fine_a dark_a green-coloured_n leaf_n and_o long_o hang_v on_o it_o be_v the_o more_o ornamental_a and_o fit_a for_o walk_n as_o for_o the_o way_n to_o increase_v it_o from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o seven_o chapter_n which_o will_v show_v you_o full_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o observe_v but_o they_o rule_n you_o may_v raise_v many_o fine_a young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o much_o better_a than_o natural_o they_o will_v be_v produce_v from_o the_o root_n i_o advise_v you_o where_o you_o find_v your_o ground_n natural_a 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many_o in_o your_o hedge-rowe_n or_o elsewhere_o therefore_o defer_v not_o but_o put_v this_o in_o practice_n especial_o the_o great_a kind_a my_o lord_n bacon_n advise_v to_o bud_v it_o to_o make_v the_o leave_v the_o large_a but_o that_o be_v needless_a part_v of_o these_o rule_n i_o write_v some_o year_n ago_o at_o the_o request_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o true_o ingenious_a planter_n and_o lover_n thereof_o sir_n henry_n capell_n and_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o same_o conclusion_n now_o that_o i_o do_v then_o to_o he_o which_o take_v as_o follow_v since_o gard'ning_n be_v the_o first_o and_o best_a vocation_n and_o adam_n who_o all_o be_v by_o procreation_n be_v the_o first_o gardener_n of_o the_o world_n and_o you_o be_v the_o green_a shoot_n of_o he_o the_o original_a tree_n encourage_v then_o this_o innocent_a old_a trade_n you_o noble_a soul_n that_o be_v from_o adam_n make_v so_o shall_v the_o gard'ners_n labour_n better_o bring_v to_o his_o country_n profit_n pleasure_n to_o his_o king_n chap._n xii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o ash_n and_o as_o for_o raise_v the_o ash_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o same_o rule_n as_o i_o do_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a honourable_a person_n the_o same_o time_n before_o the_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n be_v write_v let_v your_o key_n be_v through_o ripe_a which_o will_v be_v about_o the_o middle_n or_o end_n of_o october_n or_o november_n when_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o lay_v they_o thin_a to_o dry_v but_o gather_v they_o off_o from_o a_o young_a straight_a thrive_a tree_n my_o reason_n to_o gather_v they_o off_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v because_o there_o will_v the_o key_n or_o seed_n in_o the_o key_n be_v the_o large_a and_o solider_fw-la therefore_o by_o consequence_n they_o be_v the_o able_a to_o shoot_v the_o strong_a and_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o the_o better_a and_o long_o though_o i_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o seed_n of_o some_o old_a plant_n will_v come_v up_o 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vegetable_n of_o the_o same_o species_n they_o all_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n or_o the_o heavenly_a influence_n but_o the_o last_o be_v the_o great_a author_n of_o alteration_n both_o in_o sensible_fw-fr vegetable_n and_o animal_n however_o like_o still_o produce_v its_o like_a and_o since_o there_o be_v such_o plenty_n of_o forrest-tree_n that_o bear_v seed_n you_o may_v as_o well_o gather_v all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n off_o or_o under_o such_o tree_n as_o not_o as_o for_o the_o time_n of_o sow_v they_o let_v it_o be_v any_o time_n between_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n and_o the_o last_o of_o january_n for_o they_o will_v lie_v till_o spring_v
come_v twelve_o month_n before_o they_o appear_v if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o very_a subject_n to_o great_a weed_n you_o may_v sow_v they_o with_o oat_n if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o make_v a_o wood_n of_o it_o and_o in_o your_o wood_n on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n but_o if_o they_o be_v prepare_v beforehand_o they_o will_v be_v much_o more_o certain_a of_o grow_v therefore_o if_o you_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o raise_v good_a store_n of_o they_o for_o to_o make_v walk_n or_o furnish_v your_o wood_n with_o etc._n etc._n have_v gather_v your_o key_n and_o order_v they_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a prepare_v some_o sift_v earth_n or_o sand_n which_o be_v better_o by_o keep_v a_o equal_a warmth_n and_o moisture_n to_o prepare_v they_o for_o spear_v have_v prepare_v your_o sand_n and_o a_o house_n to_o lay_v they_o in_o where_o the_o air_n may_v free_o come_v then_o in_o this_o house_n lay_v one_o lay_v of_o sand_n and_o a_o lay_v of_o key_n part_v your_o key_n well_o so_o do_v till_o 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any_o tree_n except_o the_o beech_n then_o why_o will_v you_o have_v low_a timber-tree_n of_o ash_n when_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v high_a one_o therefore_o prune_v up_o your_o young_a ash-tree_n well_o and_o often_o and_o if_o you_o follow_v but_o these_o rule_n you_o may_v raise_v they_o as_o easy_o as_o barley_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o touch_v the_o several_a kind_n some_o author_n will_v have_v two_o sort_n the_o male_a and_o female_a but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o male_a and_o female_a among_o plant_n though_o some_o plant_n be_v so_o call_v for_o what_o act_n of_o either_o do_v any_o two_o plant_n communicate_v to_o each_o other_o the_o great_a difference_n that_o ever_o i_o observe_v in_o young_a ash_n among_o the_o many_o thousand_o that_o i_o have_v raise_v be_v in_o their_o bark_n for_o i_o have_v have_v some_o that_o have_v have_v blackish_a bark_n some_o radish_n the_o leave_v alike_o but_o what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o key_n and_o 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so_o full_a that_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o swell_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n pollard-head_n be_v big_a than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o head_n be_v so_o full_a that_o it_o can_v contain_v the_o sap_n no_o long_o it_o than_o break_v out_o into_o abundance_n of_o young_a shoot_n and_o when_o they_o set_v once_o a_o grow_v they_o grow_v apace_o and_o so_o the_o bark_n of_o they_o be_v thin_a and_o open_a for_o the_o sap_n to_o run_v in_o they_o receive_v as_o much_o as_o the_o root_n can_v possible_o provide_v for_o they_o and_o endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v the_o head_n to_o that_o magnitude_n as_o it_o be_v at_o before_o but_o though_o the_o ash_n do_v harm_n to_o grow_v near_o or_o upon_o plough_v ground_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o useful_a wood_n that_o grow_v for_o the_o plough_n and_o other_o use_v belong_v to_o the_o ploughman_n it_o be_v a_o quick-growing_a wood_n and_o will_v grow_v pretty_a well_o on_o most_o sort_n of_o ground_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o too_o wet_a or_o very_o shallow_a it_o grow_v best_a on_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v their_o surface_n of_o a_o loose_a nature_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o shallow_a it_o produce_v excellent_a timber_n for_o several_a use_n and_o be_v such_o a_o quick-grow_a that_o from_o a_o key_n in_o forty_o year_n one_o ash_n be_v sell_v for_o thirty_o pound_n sterling_a as_o witness_v the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 22._o and_o this_o i_o can_v tell_v which_o my_o lord_n and_o i_o measure_v of_o the_o shoot_n of_o a_o ash_n that_o stand_v between_o the_o woodyard_n at_o hadham-hall_n and_o a_o place_n where_o i_o use_v to_o raise_v melon_n plant_n that_o the_o second_o year_n shoot_v be_v eight_o foot_n within_o two_o inch_n which_o have_v it_o shoot_v but_o a_o few_o year_n at_o this_o rate_n it_o will_v soon_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a tree_n and_o worth_a a_o like_a price_n of_o all_o the_o wood_n that_o i_o know_v there_o be_v none_o burn_v so_o well_o green_a as_o the_o ash_n and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n that_o many_o a_o fine_a pollard_n be_v spoil_v for_o your_o bad_a husband_n as_o they_o be_v term_v be_v as_o unkind_a to_o tree_n as_o they_o be_v to_o themselves_o for_o their_o want_n of_o wood_n early_o in_o the_o winter_n make_v they_o fly_v to_o the_o ash_n whence_o they_o hack_v off_o the_o bough_n and_o thus_o leave_v he_o all_o winter_n in_o which_o time_n the_o wood_n be_v not_o very_o hard_a that_o drink_v in_o the_o wet_a at_o these_o wound_a place_n and_o before_o the_o spring_n come_v to_o heal_v it_o over_o decay_n and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_v every_o winter_n receive_v the_o wet_a more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o have_v destroy_v root_n body_n and_o branch_n on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v some_o which_o will_v not_o lop_v their_o tree_n till_o they_o bear_v very_o great_a bough_n and_o then_o lop_v off_o they_o smooth_a and_o well_o cut_v off_o though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n yet_o in_o such_o great_a wound_n before_o the_o sap_n can_v cover_v the_o place_n the_o wet_a make_v a_o hole_n in_o some_o or_o many_o of_o these_o place_n and_o so_o you_o lose_v both_o body_n and_o lop_v in_o a_o few_o year_n beside_o the_o lop_n of_o tree_n young_a that_o be_v at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n at_o the_o most_o by_o so_o do_v you_o keep_v your_o tree_n much_o the_o long_o alive_a and_o you_o shall_v have_v shoot_v of_o tree_n at_o first_o fell_v grow_v more_o into_o wood_n in_o one_o year_n than_o they_o do_v
plant_v they_o in_o your_o nursery_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o walnut-tree_n there_o keep_v they_o with_o dig_v and_o prune_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a of_o stature_n to_o plant_v out_o they_o grow_v in_o good_a shape_n and_o last_v long_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n it_o like_v best_a a_o strong_a ground_n but_o let_v it_o be_v good_a and_o there_o they_o will_v bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n and_o grow_v to_o be_v large_a fine_a tree_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n by_o which_o they_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n but_o how_o to_o do_v that_o see_v chapt._n 7._o there_o you_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v how_o to_o raise_v they_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a bud_v they_o they_o will_v bear_v soon_o more_o and_o better_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n i_o know_v many_o will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o rank_v this_o among_o forrest-tree_n but_o if_o such_o do_v but_o see_v the_o fine_a stately_a tree_n that_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n they_o will_v then_o conclude_v it_o proper_a for_o wood_n and_o if_o for_o wood_n then_o for_o forest_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o glorious_a show_n in_o the_o spring_n their_o white_a blossom_n show_v at_o a_o distance_n as_o though_o they_o be_v clothe_v with_o fine_a white_a linen_n their_o blossom_n be_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o the_o industrious_a bee_n at_o that_o season_n the_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o order_v they_o be_v as_o follow_v and_o first_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o raise_v they_o be_v of_o stone_n let_v your_o cherry_n be_v very_o ripe_a for_o the_o ripe_a your_o cherry_n be_v or_o any_o other_o fruit_n the_o plump_a and_o better_a be_v the_o kernel_n the_o time_n they_o be_v ripe_a be_v according_a to_o the_o kind_n but_o it_o be_v the_o black_a cherry_n which_o grow_v common_a in_o wood_n and_o hedge_n about_o cashiobury_n which_o be_v the_o tree_n fit_v for_o wood_n and_o therefore_o how_o to_o raise_v it_o i_o shall_v show_v though_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o these_o also_o for_o we_o have_v some_o full_a as_o large_a and_o good_a as_o the_o corowne_n and_o at_o a_o place_n call_v red-heath_n at_o one_o mr._n baldwin_n they_o have_v some_o sort_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o black_a orleans_n which_o be_v produce_v natural_o from_o the_o stone_n without_o bud_a or_o graft_v or_o any_o other_o help_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o natural_a to_o they_o they_o be_v ripe_a in_o july_n and_o the_o large_a sort_n be_v ripe_a late_a the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n will_v give_v you_o notice_n of_o their_o time_n of_o be_v ripe_a by_o their_o visit_v they_o which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o messenger_n to_o awaken_v the_o industrious_a to_o take_v care_n in_o time_n to_o preserve_v they_o and_o to_o the_o careless_a man_n and_o sluggard_n to_o take_v that_o away_o from_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o take_v care_n of_o for_o as_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n say_v prov._n 20._o the_o sluggard_n will_v not_o plough_v by_o reason_n of_o cold_a therefore_o shall_v he_o beg_v in_o harvest_n so_o he_o that_o will_v not_o take_v care_n in_o time_n shall_v want_v when_o other_o have_v but_o we_o have_v such_o store_n that_o what_o the_o jackdaw_n jay_n mag-py_n etc._n etc._n eat_v they_o be_v not_o miss_v with_o we_o and_o though_o the_o fowl_n do_v begin_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o turn_v blackish_a yet_o nature_n have_v tie_v they_o on_o so_o fast_o to_o the_o stalk_n that_o they_o can_v but_o take_v off_o part_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o leave_v the_o stone_n and_o rest_n to_o feed_v the_o kernel_n for_o the_o wonderful_a wise_a god_n have_v order_v most_o sort_n of_o fruit_n so_o that_o some_o by_o their_o bitter_a sour_a or_o other_o taste_v be_v so_o well_o defend_v 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other_o kind_n of_o or_o there_o to_o stand_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o walk_n for_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a they_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n the_o ground_n they_o like_v be_v a_o dry_a soil_n the_o bottom_n gravel_n the_o surface_n mix_v with_o loom_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o on_o bed_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v take_v the_o flesh_n off_o and_o they_o will_v do_v very_o well_o and_o come_v up_o the_o spring_n follow_v and_o then_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o at_o two_o year_n shoot_v where_o you_o please_v but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n before_o you_o sow_v they_o they_o will_v lie_v two_o winter_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o note_v this_o that_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n will_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a the_o flesh_n take_v off_o and_o the_o stone_n a_o little_a dry_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n if_o well_o keep_v and_o sow_v 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indeed_o no_o other_o sort_n of_o tree_n but_o especial_o those_o that_o natural_o run_v shallow_a as_o all_o sort_n do_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o put_v forth_o young_a tree_n from_o their_o root_n such_o be_v the_o elm_n abele_n sarvice_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v want_v in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o land_n but_o you_o that_o want_v it_o i_o will_v counsel_v you_o to_o get_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o ground_n be_v convenient_a for_o it_o chap._n xviii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n this_o tree_n be_v call_v by_o most_o herbal_n the_o linetree_n or_o linden_n but_o
it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n say_v he_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o still_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_a and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winey_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spirituous_a drink_n which_o be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n instead_o of_o honey_n lib._n 1._o to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raison-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v for_o distemper_n in_o man_n it_o be_v good_a for_o cure_n of_o the_o ptysick_n most_o powerful_a for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n and_o reins_o this_o liquor_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la this_o from_o the_o learned_a author_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o birch_n and_o now_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n of_o the_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o and_o some_o very_a good_a fruit_n as_o the_o red_a and_o white_a filberd_n the_o great_a french_a nut_n etc._n etc._n also_o your_o wild_a nut_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o shape_n and_o goodness_n my_o lord_n have_v once_o a_o quantity_n of_o very_a good_a sort_n send_v he_o from_o beyond_o sea_n they_o have_v a_o very_a tender_a shell_n therefore_o i_o take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o of_o they_o and_o do_v several_a but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o our_o hedge-nut_n when_o they_o be_v ripe_a i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o for_o every_o boy_n can_v order_v they_o all_o winter_n as_o you_o be_v advise_v to_o keep_v your_o walnut_n and_o sow_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v grow_v almost_o on_o any_o ground_n provide_v not_o too_o wet_a but_o best_a on_o your_o dry_a ground_n therefore_o set_v they_o on_o your_o high_a and_o dry_a bank_n between_o your_o fence_n but_o early_o in_o winter_n if_o they_o hold_v but_o the_o first_o year_n they_o will_v produce_v good_a stub_n you_o may_v increase_v they_o by_o sucker_n or_o lay_v but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v from_o their_o nut_n i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o benefit_n yourself_o by_o lay_v this_o and_o other_o wood_n in_o your_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a of_o wood_n i_o dare_v assure_v you_o that_o for_o every_o shilling_n you_o lay_v out_o in_o this_o husbandry_n in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n every_o shilling_n shall_v be_v pay_v you_o yearly_o for_o many_o year_n after_o chap._n xxv_o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o popler_n there_o may_v be_v many_o sort_n of_o this_o wood_n but_o i_o know_v but_o four_o the_o best_a be_v that_o large_a white_a poplar_n a_o great_a leaf_n white_a on_o the_o low_a side_n it_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a whitish_a shoot_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n the_o second_o be_v a_o sort_n much_o like_o to_o this_o both_o in_o leaf_n and_o shoot_v which_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o land_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n call_v 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fence_v in_o a_o place_n round_o the_o tree_n to_o keep_v cattle_n off_o and_o keep_v down_o the_o great_a weed_n a_o little_a they_o will_v put_v forth_o many_o young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o a_o old_a one_o especial_o if_o you_o prune_v up_o or_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o any_o of_o these_o sort_n they_o will_v then_o yield_v the_o more_o but_o if_o you_o do_v not_o value_v your_o mother-tree_n but_o desire_v to_o get_v a_o great_a stock_n of_o young_a one_o than_o you_o may_v fell_v the_o mother-tree_n at_o the_o ground_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o young_a or_o old_a the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o in_o young_a tree_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n and_o head_n of_o that_o tree_n and_o so_o will_v the_o elm_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n then_o how_o useful_a such_o tree_n be_v to_o set_v in_o the_o place_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a i_o leave_v you_o to_o judge_v though_o this_o tree_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a of_o wood_n beside_o the_o aforesaid_a 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from_o two_o foot_n long_o to_o eight_o the_o first_o be_v the_o best_a to_o set_v for_o stub_n the_o other_o you_o may_v make_v pollard_n of_o for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a profitable_a wood_n bring_v a_o good_a lop_n in_o few_o year_n and_o that_o on_o some_o ground_n better_o than_o the_o willow_n for_o your_o instruction_n in_o set_v the_o small_a set_n see_v chap._n 6._o and_o for_o set_v those_o of_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n long_o for_o to_o make_v pollard-tree_n keep_v the_o low_a end_n of_o your_o set_n and_o also_o the_o upper_a free_a from_o crack_n and_o cut_v each_o slope_v off_o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n let_v
it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a then_o defer_v it_o till_o february_n but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v wet_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v make_v drein_n two_o spade-deep_a and_o a_o yard_n wide_a and_o at_o every_o two_o yard_n asunder_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o ground_n you_o leave_v and_o sow_v it_o the_o first_o year_n with_o oat_n to_o mellow_v the_o ground_n which_o may_v pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o your_o charge_n if_o not_o all_o the_o next_o winter_n set_v it_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o wood_n water-pople_a and_o other_o alder_a willow_n withy_o sallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o you_o may_v have_v a_o good_a fall_n of_o wood_n so_o may_v you_o have_v every_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o for_o many_o year_n to_o encourage_v you_o esquire_n evelin_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o abele_n that_o do_v shoot_v in_o one_o year_n seventeen_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o your_o wrist_n and_o also_o inform_v you_o of_o some_o willow_n that_o have_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n therefore_o to_o those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v wet_a or_o moorish_a ground_n which_o be_v bad_a and_o will_v not_o graze_v well_o do_v i_o direct_v this_o good_a husbandry_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o and_o fell_v well_o the_o charge_n to_o do_v this_o will_v not_o be_v great_a and_o to_o satisfy_v you_o the_o more_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o if_o you_o dig_v two_o spade_n deep_a then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o ground_n to_o dig_v that_o be_v to_o dig_v your_o trench_n one_o yard_n wide_a and_o leave_v two_o yard_n there_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o sow_v one_o year_n or_o to_o set_v the_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v the_o ground_n ready_a 160_o rod_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 3_o give_v one_o 3_o d._n of_o 160_o which_o be_v 53_o and_o â…“_n this_o 53_o double_a neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a
his_o hedgerows_a etc._n etc._n or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o i_o can_v and_o do_v wish_v that_o owner_n will_v encourage_v their_o tenant_n by_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o money_n for_o every_o fruit-tree_n and_o so_o much_o for_o every_o forrest-tree_n they_o plant_v in_o their_o ground_n and_o look_v to_o they_o well_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v cattle_n spoil_v they_o this_o will_v help_v both_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n may_v be_v in_o waste_a place_n where_o now_o none_o be_v this_o will_v make_v the_o farm_n much_o better_a and_o pleasant_a and_o so_o we_o may_v have_v more_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n and_o timber_n and_o knowledge_n in_o plant_v will_v be_v great_o improve_v now_o suppose_v you_o shall_v plant_v on_o good_a land_n and_o in_o open_a field_n you_o will_v be_v no_o loser_n by_o it_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v plant_v oak_n ash_n or_o elm_n in_o pasture-ground_n at_o three_o or_o four_o rod_n asunder_o they_o will_v do_v your_o land_n no_o harm_n nor_o will_v you_o lose_v any_o ground_n save_v only_o just_a where_o the_o tree_n stand_v now_o it_o must_v be_v a_o good_a tree_n that_o take_v up_o one_o yard_n square_a nay_o the_o leave_n and_o shade_n may_v do_v your_o cattle_n as_o much_o good_a as_o may_v countervail_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o land_n as_o if_o your_o land_n be_v worth_a 20_o s._n a_o acre_n that_o be_v not_o a_o penny_n a_o yard_n as_o here_o i_o shall_v show_v 160_o rod_n square_a make_v a_o acre_n and_o five_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a square_n be_v a_o rod._n you_o see_v that_o in_o one_o rod_n square_a there_o be_v 30_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n for_o the_o decimal_n fraction_n 25_o be_v ¼_n of_o a_o 100_o or_o thus_o 5_o time_n 5_o be_v 25_o and_o 5_o half_n and_o 5_o half_n make_v 5_o whole_a rod_n and_o a_o half_a and_o a_o half_a make_v but_o ¼_n which_o be_v 30_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n here_o you_o see_v that_o 4840_o the_o yard_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 12_o the_o penny_n in_o a_o shilling_n give_v 403_o shilling_n and_o 4_o remain_v that_o be_v one_o acre_n at_o a_o penny_n a_o yard_n come_v to_o 20_o l._n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n but_o it_o may_v be_v sixty_o year_n before_o a_o tree_n take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n then_o at_o half_a that_o age_n it_o take_v up_o but_o half_a so_o much_o ground_n than_o 60_o halfpence_n be_v but_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o your_o tree_n at_o that_o age_n and_o on_o such_o land_n may_v be_v worth_a 30_o s._n or_o more_o which_o be_v profit_n and_o pleasure_n &c_n &c_n to_o the_o planter_n but_o to_o our_o business_n johnson_n tell_v you_o of_o some_o ten_o sort_n of_o pine_n but_o i_o know_v but_o two_o or_o three_o in_o england_n one_o be_v common_a and_o be_v raise_v of_o the_o seed_n sow_v in_o good_a ground_n and_o in_o the_o shade_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n if_o it_o be_v frosty_a put_v it_o into_o earth_n or_o sand_n and_o keep_v it_o in_o the_o house_n till_o the_o weather_n be_v seasonable_a they_o will_v not_o grow_v of_o cut_n nor_o lay_v well_o they_o be_v bad_a to_o be_v remove_v when_o old_a because_o the_o root_n run_v far_o from_o the_o body_n in_o few_o year_n and_o if_o break_v or_o cut_v off_o they_o will_v not_o ready_o break_v out_o at_o side_n and_o end_n therefore_o remove_v they_o young_a at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n old_a and_o at_o the_o time_n beforesaid_a and_o then_o you_o may_v expect_v glorious_a stately_a tree_n none_o of_o all_o our_o green_a tree_n in_o england_n may_v compare_v with_o they_o prune_n they_o as_o the_o fir_n they_o be_v fine_a to_o set_v round_o a_o garden_n or_o bowling-green_n for_o the_o leave_n will_v not_o do_v any_o harm_n of_o firre-tree_n we_o have_v two_o sort_n they_o be_v easy_o raise_v of_o seed_n sow_v as_o the_o pine_n one_o sort_n will_v grow_v of_o lay_v or_o of_o slip_v set_v about_o bartholomewtide_n but_o than_o you_o must_v cut_v they_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o from_o the_o body_n and_o cut_v that_o stump_n close_o off_o the_o march_n follow_v and_o cut_v all_o other_o bought_n that_o be_v needful_a at_o that_o time_n and_o you_o need_v not_o fear_v hurt_v your_o tree_n though_o my_o french_a curate_n be_v against_o it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o be_v in_o story_n about_o a_o yard_n between_o one_o another_o but_o do_v not_o cut_v their_o end_n as_o some_o do_v neither_o let_v they_o grow_v thick_a on_o a_o heap_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o in_o story_n they_o will_v grow_v taper_n and_o you_o may_v take_v off_o some_o when_o you_o see_v cause_n and_o so_o help_v they_o up_o to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o straight_o as_o a_o arrow_n for_o they_o natural_o grow_v in_o a_o good_a shape_n lay_v the_o clog_n before_o the_o fire_n and_o they_o will_v gape_v so_o may_v you_o take_v out_o the_o seed_n the_o better_a pliny_n call_v one_o sort_n of_o pine_n the_o pinaster_n jonson_n herbal_a pag._n 1350._o chap._n xxix_o of_o raise_v the_o yew_n holly_n box_n juniper_n bayes_n and_o laurel_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o tree_n some_o of_o which_o shed_v their_o leave_n and_o some_o keep_v they_o all_o the_o year_n beside_o those_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o but_o these_o be_v the_o most_o of_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o garden_n i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v they_o the_o yew-tree_n be_v produce_v of_o seed_n rub_v the_o fleshy_a substance_n off_o then_o dry_v they_o and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a put_v they_o in_o sand_n a_o little_a moist_a in_o a_o pot_n or_o tub_n let_v this_o be_v do_v any_o time_n before_o christmas_n keep_v they_o in_o house_n all_o winter_n and_o under_o some_o north-wall_n abroad_o all_o summer_n the_o spring_n come_v twelvemonth_n after_o you_o put_v they_o in_o sand_n sow_v they_o on_o a_o bed_n the_o ground_n not_o too_o stiff_a keep_v they_o clean_o and_o prick_v they_o out_o of_o that_o bed_n into_o your_o nursery_n when_o they_o have_v stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n there_o you_o may_v bring_v they_o to_o what_o shape_n you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v more_o increase_v holly_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o the_o berry_n as_o the_o yew_n or_o by_o lay_v it_o love_v a_o gravelly-ground_n as_o most_o of_o our_o forrest-greens_a doe_n it_o be_v a_o curious_a tree_n for_o hedge_n and_o will_v grow_v under_o the_o drop_n of_o great_a tree_n it_o well_o deserve_v your_o love_n yet_o be_v somewhat_o ticklish_a to_o remove_v but_o the_o best_a time_n be_v before_o michaelmas_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v stiff_a and_o cold_a mix_v it_o with_o gravel_n but_o no_o dung._n box_n the_o english_a and_o edge_v etc._n etc._n do_v grow_v well_o of_o slip_v set_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n or_o in_o march_n it_o be_v very_o pleasant_a in_o green_a grove_n and_o in_o wilderness_n though_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a smell_n after_o snow_n juniper_n be_v raise_v of_o the_o berry_n it_o be_v ticklish_a to_o remove_v it_o be_v a_o pretty_a plant_n for_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n the_o berry_n be_v very_o wholesome_a the_o wood_n burn_v yield_v a_o wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a presume_v so_o do_v the_o plant_n in_o the_o spring_n bayes_n be_v increase_v plentiful_o of_o sucker_n or_o you_o may_v raise_v they_o of_o their_o berry_n they_o love_v the_o shade_n and_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v set_v in_o green_a grove_n laurel_n or_o cherry-bay_n be_v increase_v by_o cut_n set_v about_o bartholomewtide_n and_o in_o the_o shade_n best_o or_o by_o the_o cherry_n it_o be_v a_o glorious_a tree_n for_o standard_n on_o most_o ground_n but_o on_o our_o cold_a and_o open_a it_o hold_v out_o our_o hard_a winter_n best_a it_o may_v be_v keep_v with_o a_o clear_a stem_n two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a and_o let_v the_o head_n be_v keep_v round_o so_o that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o row_n of_o they_o the_o tree_n all_o of_o a_o height_n and_o bigness_n and_o the_o head_n all_o of_o a_o shape_n no_o tree_n be_v more_o pleasant_a it_o be_v fit_a for_o grove_n wilderness_n hedge_n etc._n etc._n it_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o any_o ground_n threfore_o make_v use_n of_o this_o beautiful_a tree_n the_o oak_n at_o first_o do_v like_o a_o king_n appear_v the_o laurel_n now_o at_o last_o bring_v up_o the_o rear_n the_o one_o do_v tender_a plenty_n and_o renown_n the_o other_o offer_v pleasure_n and_o a_o crown_n the_o elm_n the_o useful_a ash_n and_o sycomore_n together_o with_o the_o beech_n and_o many_o more_o they_o promise_v all_o content_a to_o those_o that_o look_v to_o practice_v what_o
be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n xxx_o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n your_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v feed_v for_o many_o year_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o your_o common_a pasture-ground_n or_o the_o like_a such_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n good_a be_v the_o best_a the_o next_o be_v your_o meadow-ground_n and_o then_o your_o plough_v land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v of_o soil_n alike_o thus_o i_o prefer_v they_o several_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o but_o i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o these_o few_o as_o namely_o your_o ground_n that_o be_v constant_o feed_v have_v likewise_o constant_o a_o supply_n of_o cattle_n dung_n and_o urine_n with_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n which_o add_v much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o likewise_o your_o pasture-ground_n though_o it_o abound_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o herb_n or_o grass_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o also_o your_o meadow-ground_n do_v yet_o your_o pasture-ground_n have_v not_o only_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o soil_n by_o one_o sort_n of_o cattle_n or_o other_o but_o the_o grass_n which_o grow_v on_o it_o do_v seldom_o run_v to_o flower_n or_o seed_n which_o when_o they_o do_v they_o draw_v forth_o much_o more_o of_o the_o salt_n or_o spirit_n or_o strength_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v the_o herb_n or_o grass_n on_o meadow-ground_n most_o common_o do_v therefore_o i_o judge_v your_o commons_o the_o best_a and_o both_o common_a field_n ground_n and_o meadow_n better_o than_o constant_a plough_v land_n for_o that_o be_v keep_v with_o plough_v to_o prevent_v what_o natural_o it_o will_v produce_v this_o make_v the_o ground_n the_o better_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o where_o your_o house_n stand_v or_o highway_n be_v there_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n or_o the_o life_n of_o 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you_o may_v make_v your_o hole_n square_a if_o you_o please_v see_v figure_n 1_o this_o be_v much_o like_a to_o that_o question_n whether_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n square_n or_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n most_o when_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v they_o be_v both_o alike_o but_o it_o be_v their_o mistake_n for_o ½_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v only_o 6_o inch_n every_o way_n that_o be_v 6_o time_n 6_o be_v 36_o and_o 6_o time_n 36_o be_v 216_o inch_n when_o as_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n be_v the_o half_a of_o a_o cubical_a square_a foot_n the_o number_n be_v 12_o the_o square_a root_n be_v 144_o for_o 12_o time_n 12_o make_v 144_o and_o 12_o time_n 144_o make_v 1728_o the_o cube_n now_o the_o half_a of_o 1728_o be_v 864_o which_o be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a foot_n then_o if_o you_o divide_v 864_o by_o 216_o you_o will_v find_v 4_o for_o the_o quotient_a so_o that_o half_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v but_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o square_a foot_n this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v that_o i_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o every_o countrey-capacity_n now_o if_o you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n after_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n the_o charge_n will_v be_v as_o follow_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a dig_v ground_n you_o may_v have_v 20_o hole_n make_v for_o 12_o d._n two_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a so_o there_o will_v be_v four_o time_n 160_o hole_n which_o be_v 640_o hole_n at_o 20_o for_o 12_o d._n that_o be_v 32_o s._n and_o then_o i_o allow_v for_o every_o hole_n 2_o set_v so_o than_o it_o will_v take_v 1280_o set_v which_o will_v cost_v you_o together_o about_o 4_o d._n the_o 120._o of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o come_v to_o about_o 3_o s._n 6_o d._n then_o for_o every_o hole_n 2_o sallow_a or_o willow_n cut_n 3._o s._n then_o 5_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 6_o s._n and_o then_o key_n and_o seed_n to_o sow_v among_o your_o set_v next_o spring_n 5_o s._n 6_o d._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n make_v holes_n 01_o 12_o 00_o set_v 00_o 03_o 06_o sallow_a truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 00_o 06_o 00_o key_n and_o seed_n 00_o 05_o 06_o whole_a charge_n 02_o 10_o 00_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n plant_v this_o way_n will_v cost_v you_o about_o 2_o l._n 10_o s._n where_o workman_n and_o set_v may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o a_o price_n the_o spring_n after_o i_o advise_v to_o sow_v acorn_n sycamore-keye_n apple_n and_o crab-stampings_a etc._n etc._n let_v this_o sow_v be_v do_v so_o oft_o as_o you_o find_v stamping_n and_o key_n to_o be_v have_v till_o you_o find_v your_o wood_n very_o thick_a i_o do_v sow_v all_o the_o stamping_n of_o apple_n and_o crab_n at_o cashiobury_n among_o our_o young_a wood_n which_o i_o have_v set_v and_o the_o ground_n not_o produce_v a_o strong_a grass_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o come_v up_o thick_a and_o do_v well_o but_o take_v care_v you_o let_v they_o not_o lie_v too_o thick_a long_a for_o if_o you_o do_v the_o 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and_o if_o you_o divide_v this_o 120_o by_o 40_o there_o then_o will_v be_v 3_o in_o the_o quotient_a which_o show_v that_o 40_o be_v ⅓_n of_o 120_o so_o that_o 4840_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n will_v cost_v thirteen_o shilling_n five_o penny_n one_o farthing_n and_o one_o three_o part_n of_o a_o farthing_n for_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n 3_o s._n and_o for_o seed_n 10_o s._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n plough_v 00_o 04_o 00_o digging_z 01_o 06_o 08_o to_o a_o man_n to_o set_v 00_o 06_o 08_o for_o set_v 00_o 13_o 06_o for_o truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o for_o key_n nut_n and_o seed_n 00_o 10_o 00_o whole_a charge_n be_v 03_o 03_o 10_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v some_o way_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n and_o also_o what_o charge_v it_o will_v cost_v you_o though_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o low_a rate_n that_o good_a dig_v ground_n can_v be_v do_v at_o and_o where_o man_n work_v for_o 10_o d._n per_fw-la day_n yet_o if_o you_o love_v plant_n and_o your_o ground_n be_v 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hedge_n and_o a_o very_a fine_a show_n when_o it_o be_v full_a of_o its_o fine_a red_a berry_n which_o appear_v like_o bead_n of_o red_a coral_n among_o the_o dark_a green_a leave_n it_o like_v our_o entertainment_n so_o well_o that_o it_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o most_o ground_n our_o winter_n disturb_v it_o not_o and_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v multiply_v or_o increase_v by_o lay_v or_o cut_n they_o that_o have_v store_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_n i_o hope_v will_v not_o be_v without_o these_o few_o name_v and_o many_o more_o that_o will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a but_o they_o be_v not_o some_o of_o they_o so_o proper_a for_o hedge_n many_o more_o there_o be_v that_o will_v make_v very_o fine_a hedge_n for_o pleasure_n if_o well_o keep_v as_o the_o double-blossom_n cherry_n the_o laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la or_o wild_a bay_n primme_a savin_n etc._n etc._n these_o few_o be_v only_o for_o ornament_n and_o make_v any_o of_o they_o fine_a hedge_n alone_o or_o 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very_o curious_a hedge_n of_o pear_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o be_o too_o far_o get_v into_o the_o orchard_n or_o garden_n i_o must_v retreat_v to_o my_o forrest-tree_n to_o shelter_v i_o from_o the_o gardiner_n anger_n of_o those_o sort_n that_o be_v for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o for_o fence_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v two_o peculiar_a sort_n viz._n the_o white-thorn_n and_o the_o crab_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o fence_v in_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o wood_n of_o any_o i_o know_v i_o know_v most_o hedge_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o many_o sort_n of_o wood_n be_v apt_a to_o come_v too_o fast_o without_o plant_v set_v of_o white-thorn_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v plentiful_a to_o be_v have_v burr_n if_o you_o will_v raise_v they_o of_o haws_n order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o cherry_n or_o yew-berry_n now_o to_o raise_v your_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n though_o the_o crab-stock_n be_v better_a than_o your_o apple-stock_n for_o the_o crab_n grow_v more_o rugged_a strong_a and_o be_v more_o last_a but_o stock_n raise_v of_o apple-kernel_n will_v do_v well_o let_v your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v by_o digging_z and_o picking_z it_o clean_o from_o weed_n mix_v it_o with_o some_o good_a rot_a dung_n then_o when_o the_o time_n be_v that_o they_o beat_v their_o crab_n for_o verjuice_n or_o apple_n for_o cider_n then_o prepare_v yourself_o with_o so_o many_o as_o you_o think_v be_v convenient_a for_o your_o ground_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v stamp_v sow_v they_o if_o you_o can_v for_o if_o they_o lie_v long_o in_o the_o stamping_n that_o will_v heat_n and_o spoil_v your_o kernel_n therefore_o if_o you_o have_v they_o to_o fetch_v far_o or_o that_o you_o can_v sow_v they_o instant_o then_o let_v they_o be_v sift_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o spread_v thin_a or_o mix_v with_o dry_a sand_n till_o you_o have_v opportunity_n to_o sow_v they_o or_o you_o may_v keep_v they_o in_o sand_n the_o kernel_n i_o mean_v a_o little_a moist_a till_o february_n and_o then_o sow_v they_o but_o be_v sure_a your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v beforehand_o with_o good_a tillage_n and_o clean_o pick_v cover_v they_o about_o one_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o with_o fine_a mould_n afterward_o when_o they_o come_v up_o keep_v they_o constant_o clean_a from_o weed_n remember_v if_o you_o sow_v at_o michaelmas_n that_o you_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v trap_n set_v for_o fear_v mouse_n rob_v you_o of_o your_o kernel_n thus_o may_v you_o raise_v what_o quantity_n of_o stock_n you_o please_v which_o at_o two_o and_o three_o year_n old_a you_o may_v set_v where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o to_o raise_v tree_n or_o to_o make_v hedge_n for_o fence_v in_o your_o ground_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n by_o digging_z or_o hoe_z thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o furnish_v yourselves_o with_o store_n of_o stock_n in_o a_o little_a time_n which_o will_v make_v you_o as_o strong_a and_o good_a fence_n as_o most_o wood_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v very_o profitable_a too_o both_o to_o yield_v good_a liquor_n for_o drink_v and_o to_o bring_v good_a fuel_n to_o the_o fire_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o plant_v these_o quickset_n both_o for_o hedge_n with_o ditch_n and_o for_o stant-hedge_n as_o some_o call_v they_o without_o ditch_n first_o strain_v a_o line_n where_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o ditch_n must_v go_v next_o your_o hedge_n then_o mark_v along_o by_o the_o line_n slope_v as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bank_n of_o your_o hedge_n to_o slope_v then_o strain_v the_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o slope_v inward_a
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o may_v direct_v you_o when_o you_o lay_v any_o fence-hedge_n of_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n soever_o it_o be_v first_o at_o every_o lay_v lay_v down_o some_o old_a plash_n or_o young_a one_o if_o your_o hedge_n be_v thin_a but_o let_v they_o point_v with_o their_o end_n to_o the_o ditch-side_n of_o the_o bank_n keep_v the_o end_v low_a on_o the_o bank_n they_o will_v the_o better_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n of_o your_o bank_n second_o at_o every_o laying_z lay_v earth_n on_o your_o bank_n to_o heighten_v it_o and_o to_o cover_v your_o layer_n all_o but_o the_o end_n which_o earth_n will_v help_v your_o quick_a much_o and_o make_v the_o fence_n the_o better_a by_o heighten_v the_o bank_n and_o deepn_v your_o ditch_n three_o do_v not_o cut_v your_o plash_n too_o much_o but_o just_a so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v well_o bend_v down_o and_o do_v not_o lay_v they_o so_o upright_o as_o some_o of_o our_o workman_n do_v but_o lay_v they_o near_o to_o a_o level_n the_o sap_n will_v break_v out_o at_o several_a place_n the_o better_a and_o not_o run_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n as_o it_o will_v when_o they_o lie_v much_o slope_v if_o you_o have_v wood_n to_o spare_v cut_v up_o most_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o the_o ditch_n but_o hang_v the_o bank_n then_o with_o bush_n to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o crop_v they_o the_o first_o year_n these_o will_v shoot_v strong_a and_o secure_v your_o hedge_n well_o keep_v up_o the_o bank_n and_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n four_o
lay_v your_o hedge_n pretty_a thick_a turn_v the_o beard_n on_o the_o ditch-side_n but_o do_v not_o let_v the_o beard_n hang_v uncut_v as_o the_o common_a workman_n do_v though_o it_o do_v make_v a_o good_a show_n at_o first_o make_v but_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o straggle_a bough_n within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o both_o side_n then_o will_v it_o shoot_v strong_a at_o these_o place_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n much_o the_o more_o of_o this_o reason_n may_v inform_v you_o as_o it_o do_v i_o and_o experience_n will_v afterward_o confirm_v it_o five_o if_o you_o have_v get_v a_o good_a high_a bank_n make_v your_o hedge_n so_o low_a as_o you_o think_v it_o may_v but_o just_o serve_v for_o fence_v the_o first_o year_n for_o it_o will_v soon_o grow_v high_a and_o the_o low_a your_o hedge_n be_v make_v the_o quick_a will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o the_o bottom_n will_v be_v the_o thick_a but_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o the_o field-side_n the_o first_o year_n after_o it_o be_v make_v six_o if_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a hedge_n for_o fence_n you_o must_v fell_v it_o often_o do_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o take_v care_n at_o every_o fell_n to_o root_n out_o elder_a traveller_n joy_n that_o be_v bull-bine_a as_o some_o call_v it_o briany_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o leave_v not_o too_o many_o high_a standard-tree_n or_o pollard_n in_o it_o the_o elm_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a do_v not_o use_v too_o much_o dead_a wood_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n for_o that_o choke_v your_o quick_a but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o gap_n make_v your_o dead_a hedge_n at_o a_o distance_n much_o more_o i_o can_v say_v of_o hedge_n but_o i_o forbear_v only_o i_o can_v pass_v by_o the_o learned_a esquire_n good_a advice_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 50._o which_o be_v this_o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedge-rowe_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_a county_n thus_o far_o the_o learned_a author_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o number_n plant_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o plant_v ten_o crab-stock_n for_o the_o want_n of_o one_o tree_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v but_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o we_o as_o it_o in_o hereford-shire_n and_o once_o grow_v to_o a_o custom_n we_o shall_v in_o few_o year_n banish_v out_o foreign_a drink_n by_o this_o our_o excellent_a and_o most_o wholesome_a one_o beside_o our_o tree_n in_o shallow_a ground_n will_v thrive_v better_o in_o bank_n of_o hedge-rowe_n than_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ground_n again_o say_v he_o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v effectual_o take_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v in_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beaverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerrard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o ch_n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedge-rowe_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o fruit-tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n however_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o go_v forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graft_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a charge_n and_o with_o how_o great_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n do_v afford_v comparable_a for_o divers_a curious_a use_n with_o most_o this_o also_o will_v make_v timber_n the_o more_o plentiful_a the_o decay_a tree_n and_o prune_a will_v be_v good_a firewood_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o do_v wish_n be_v practise_v in_o our_o hedge_n and_o those_o fine_v severe_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o viz._n that_o there_o shall_v not_o a_o oak_n in_o any_o hedge_n whatsoever_o be_v head_v but_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o shred_v they_o up_o as_o some_o do_v elm_n though_o not_o to_o stock_n or_o fall_v they_o till_o such_o a_o age_n in_o such_o bank_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o best_a timber_n and_o enrich_v the_o owner_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n or_o more_o with_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n or_o the_o like_a and_o will_v have_v it_o plant_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o be_v to_o have_v your_o tree_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o to_o have_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o convenient_o you_o can_v in_o your_o ground_n which_o be_v suppose_v all_o man_n will_v have_v and_o yet_o your_o tree_n to_o stand_v at_o convenient_a distance_n now_o i_o say_v suppose_v your_o ground_n to_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o geometrical_a square_n in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o may_v begin_v your_o first_o row_n on_o which_o side_n you_o please_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n for_o the_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v you_o must_v first_o resolve_v what_o distance_n your_o tree_n have_v best_o be_v plant_v at_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v plant_v your_o tree_n at_o somewhat_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o most_o tree_n delight_v in_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o particular_a chapter_n speak_v of_o each_o kind_a your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o plant_v they_o triangular_a and_o not_o square_a as_o some_o do_v for_o you_o can_v plant_v they_o in_o no_o form_n or_o order_v whatsoever_o to_o be_v more_o please_v to_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n than_o to_o have_v every_o three_o tree_n to_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n nor_o in_o no_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o to_o have_v so_o many_o tree_n to_o stand_v in_o such_o or_o any_o piece_n of_o ground_n whatsoever_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n for_o satisfaction_n and_o likewise_o to_o demonstrate_v it_o more_o full_o observe_v these_o two_o follow_a figure_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o be_v a_o geometrical_a square_n but_o before_o i_o show_v you_o a_o draft_n or_o you_o stake_n out_o your_o ground_n for_o your_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v first_o consider_v well_o these_o few_o rule_n first_o observe_v the_o distance_n that_o your_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o always_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n that_o then_o your_o tree_n will_v hold_v the_o long_o and_o by_o consequence_n grow_v to_o the_o great_a perfection_n therefore_o plant_v at_o large_a distance_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o plant_v this_o acre_n of_o ground_n with_o syder-apple_n as_o for_o instance_n all_o redstrakes_a which_o be_v a_o excellent_a syder-apple_n and_o be_v likewise_o
a_o great_a bearer_n and_o a_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o last_v very_o long_o my_o ground_n be_v also_o a_o shallow_a ground_n i_o think_v of_o 22_o foot_n asunder_o to_o plant_v these_o tree_n at_o or_o as_o near_o that_o as_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v then_o second_o i_o go_v round_o my_o ground_n and_o observe_v my_o fence_n well_o and_o find_v no_o great_a tree_n in_o it_o i_o then_o resolve_v to_o set_v my_o tree_n at_o six_o foot_n from_o my_o fence_n but_o note_n if_o there_o be_v great_a tree_n in_o your_o hedge_n that_o fence_n your_o ground_n than_o this_o be_v too_o nigh_o than_o i_o set_v off_o six_o foot_n at_o one_o corner_n of_o my_o orchard_n and_o six_o foot_n at_o the_o other_o corner_n of_o the_o same_o side_n which_o be_v the_o east_n side_n than_o i_o set_v off_o six_o foot_n at_o one_o corner_n of_o the_o west_n side_n it_o matter_n not_o which_o only_o that_o end_n which_o be_v the_o levell_a be_v the_o best_a for_o measure_v have_v set_v these_o three_o stake_n i_o strain_v a_o line_n from_o one_o stake_n to_o the_o other_o on_o the_o east_n side_n then_o i_o lay_v a_o square_a to_o this_o line_n remove_v it_o along_o the_o line_n till_o i_o find_v the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o square_a point_n exact_o against_o the_o stake_n on_o the_o west_n side_n then_o lay_v a_o line_n right_n square_a to_o that_o line_n till_o you_o come_v at_o the_o stake_n on_o the_o west_n side_n i_o then_o measure_v by_o this_o line_n as_o many_o 22_o foot_n as_o i_o can_v note_v how_o many_o time_n 22_o foot_n i_o find_v and_o what_o you_o find_v be_v over_o or_o more_o than_o 11_o foot_n then_o make_v your_o distance_n the_o less_o to_o make_v that_o up_o the_o equal_a distance_n for_o one_o tree_n more_o but_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o half_a the_o distance_n your_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o then_o add_v that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o 11_o foot_n to_o the_o number_n of_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o observe_v but_o this_o and_o then_o you_o need_v not_o fear_v that_o your_o tree_n will_v stand_v too_o far_o off_o on_o one_o side_n and_o too_o near_o on_o the_o other_o it_o be_v the_o same_o charge_n to_o plant_v in_o good_a order_n as_o at_o random_n as_o too_o many_o do_v nay_o many_o time_n less_o charge_n and_o how_o much_o more_o please_a order_n be_v i_o leave_v they_o to_o judge_v to_o who_o the_o great_a god_n of_o order_n have_v give_v a_o great_a delight_n to_o imitate_v he_o in_o his_o glorious_a work_n but_o as_o for_o this_o my_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o i_o pitch_v on_o only_o for_o example_n viz._n one_o acre_n and_o a_o square_a i_o must_v find_v the_o square_a root_n of_o 160_o rod_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o my_o chain_n will_v give_v and_o then_o subtract_v but_o the_o 12_o foot_n out_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o the_o fence_n and_o divide_v the_o remainder_n by_o 22_o the_o quotient_n tell_v you_o how_o many_o tree_n will_v stand_v in_o a_o row_n the_o over-measure_n substract_v from_o or_o add_v to_o as_o your_o reason_n teach_v you_o note_v this_o that_o it_o be_v most_o common_o the_o best_a way_n for_o your_o row_v to_o go_v the_o long_a way_n of_o your_o ground_n for_o though_o your_o tree_n stand_v 22_o foot_n asunder_o yet_o your_o row_v in_o their_o straight_a line_n will_v not_o stand_v so_o far_o now_o to_o find_v the_o square_a root_n there_o be_v very_o many_o rule_n but_o none_o that_o be_v to_o my_o apprehension_n so_o exact_a and_o easy_a as_o by_o logarithme_n find_v but_o the_o logarithme_n of_o your_o number_n then_o take_v half_a that_o log._n the_o number_n answer_v be_v the_o square_a root_n exam._n the_o log._n of_o 160_o be_v 2._o 204_o 11998._o the_o half_a of_o this_o log._n be_v 1._o 10205999._o the_o near_a number_n answer_v this_o logarithme_n be_v 12_o rod_n 65_o 100_o that_o be_v 12_o rod_n 65_o link_n of_o a_o one_o pole-chain_n divide_v into_o 100_o part_n the_o proof_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o three_o example_n follow_v by_o this_o it_o do_v plain_o appear_v that_o 12.65_o be_v the_o near_a number_n that_o can_v be_v find_v by_o your_o decimal_n chain_v it_o be_v but_o 225_o 10000_o more_o and_o by_o logarithme_n but_o 2_o of_o a_o link_n put_v into_o 100_o part_n therefore_o exact_a as_o need_v be_v for_o this_o purpose_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o calculation_n in_o astronomy_n or_o the_o like_a and_o you_o see_v that_o 12.64_o multiply_v in_o itself_o amount_v to_o 159_o rod_n and_o 7696_o 10000_o so_o that_o i_o take_v 12_o rod_n and_o 65_o of_o 100_o to_o be_v length_n or_o breadth_n it_o be_v a_o square_n they_o both_o be_v as_o one_o now_o be_v the_o question_n be_v propound_v in_o foot_n we_o must_v turn_v this_o 12_o rod_n and_o 65_o 100_o into_o foot_n also_o but_o note_n you_o may_v work_v the_o same_o by_o the_o link_n of_o your_o chain_n better_o than_o by_o foot_n measure_n but_o some_o it_o be_v possible_a have_v not_o a_o chain_n therefore_o observe_v both_o way_n and_o first_o by_o foot_n measure_n 12_o rod_n multiply_v by_o 16_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a show_v the_o foot_n in_o 12_o rod._n then_o for_o the_o 65_o link_n of_o one_o rod_n put_v into_o 100_o part_n or_o if_o it_o be_v your_o four_o pole-chain_n as_o be_v most_o usual_a now_o put_v into_o 100_o link_n then_o be_v these_o 65_o link_n but_o 16_o link_n and_o a_o 1_o 49_o by_o that_o chain_n then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 25_o the_o link_n in_o one_o rod_n be_v equal_a to_o 16_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o foot_n in_o one_o rod_n how_o many_o foot_n be_v equal_a to_o 16_o link_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o question_n rank_n itself_o thus_o in_o decimal_a fraction_n as_o 25_o be_v to_o 16._o 50_o so_o be_v 16._o 25_o to_o 10_o foot_n 725_o 1000_o of_o a_o foot_n do_v you_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o this_o fraction_n 725_o 1000_o be_v in_o inch_n or_o barley-corn_n which_o be_v the_o low_a vulgar_a term_n in_o survey_v to_o satisfy_v you_o and_o also_o myself_o and_o likewise_o to_o instruct_v those_o that_o desire_v to_o learn_v this_o excellent_a rule_n the_o rule_n of_o three_o which_o right_o for_o its_o excellent_a use_n be_v call_v the_o golden_a rule_n observe_v this_o if_o one_o foot_n or_o 12_o inch_n be_v put_v into_o 1000_o part_n as_o here_o it_o be_v and_o must_v be_v be_v it_o be_v the_o integer_fw-la or_o whole_a sum_n of_o 725_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 1000_o be_v to_o 12_o inch_n so_o be_v 725_o to_o 8_o inch_n 700_o 1000_o now_o to_o know_v what_o this_o 700_o 1000_o be_v in_o barley-corn_n do_v as_o before_o say_v thus_o if_o 1000_o be_v equal_a to_o 3_o barley-corn_n what_o be_v 700_o equal_a unto_o i_o say_v as_o here_o you_o see_v it_o prove_v that_o 700_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o barley-corn_n and_o one_o ten_o part_n of_o one_o for_o 100_o be_v one_o ten_o of_o 1000_o by_o this_o it_o do_v plain_o appear_v that_o if_o 12_o rod_n 65_o 100_o be_v turn_v into_o foot_n it_o make_v 208_o foot_n 8_o inch_n 2_o barley-corn_n and_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o barley-corn_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o square_a root_n of_o a_o acre_n be_v near_o 208_o foot_n 8_o inch_n two_o barley-corn_n neglect_v 1_o 10_o because_o 65_o 100_o be_v somewhat_o too_o much_o now_o from_o this_o 208_o foot_n 8_o inch_n i_o take_v the_o 12_o foot_n for_o the_o tree_n to_o stand_v off_o from_o the_o fence_n there_o remain_v 196_o foot_n 8_o inch_n than_o i_o divide_v this_o by_o 22_o the_o distance_n the_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o so_o i_o find_v there_o may_v stand_v ten_o tree_n for_o here_o you_o see_v there_o may_v be_v open_a place_n and_o 20_o foot_n 8_o inch_n for_o one_o more_o so_o there_o want_v but_o one_o foot_n 4_o inch_n or_o 16_o inch_n to_o make_v 10_o tree_n in_o a_o row_n for_o there_o be_v always_o a_o tree_n more_o than_o the_o open_a note_v that_o in_o plant_v of_o walk_n this_o be_v of_o good_a use_n that_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o make_v one_o tree_n more_o this_o 16_o inch_n i_o divide_v by_o 9_o be_v there_o be_v 9_o open_n between_o the_o ten_o tree_n the_o quotient_a be_v near_o 2_o inch_n which_o subtract_v from_o 22_o foot_n and_o there_o remain_v then_o 21_o foot_n 10_o inch_n and_o so_o much_o must_v every_o tree_n stand_v asunder_o the_o proof_n be_v as_o follow_v here_o you_o see_v that'tis_fw-la 196_o foot_n and_o 6_o inch_n it_o want_v but_o 2._o in._n then_o to_o know_v what_o distance_n your_o row_v may_v stand_v asunder_o the_o rule_n be_v if_o
you_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n the_o perpendicular_a of_o that_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o row_v which_o triangle_n i_o have_v draw_v by_o the_o same_o scale_n of_o the_o orchard_n see_v fig._n 4._o see_v chapter_n the_o 44_o the_o the_o breadth_n of_o my_o paper_n 6_o inch_n the_o plat_v 196_o foot_n and_o 66_o of_o 100_o for_o the_o 8_o inch_n my_o scale_n be_v near_o 33_o part_n in_o one_o inch_n but_o i_o take_v 32_o because_o it_o be_v a_o even_a number_n see_v fig._n 4._o if_o you_o will_v try_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o this_o triangle_n it_o be_v but_o 19_o foot_n so_o that_o there_o be_v 3_o foot_n between_o every_o 2_o row_v save_v by_o plant_v your_o ground_n this_o way_n more_o than_o those_o that_o plant_v their_o ground_n to_o have_v every_o 4._o tree_n to_o make_v a_o square_a the_o tree_n stand_v in_o both_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o find_v that_o but_o little_a paper_n bear_v the_o full_a breadth_n of_o 6_o inch_n the_o quarter_n of_o a_o sheet_n and_o this_o be_v less_o square_a by_o twelve_o foot_n than_o my_o full_a draught_n shall_v be_v this_o be_v only_o for_o the_o square_n of_o the_o tree_n i_o draw_v and_o proportion_v my_o scale_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o 5_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a 208_o foot_n divide_v by_o 5_o and_o ½_o show_v that_o your_o scale_n must_v be_v one_o inch_n divide_v into_o 37_o part_n and_o better_o but_o for_o fear_v this_o scale_n shall_v be_v too_o great_a i_o draw_v my_o plat_v by_o the_o scale_n of_o 40_o in_o one_o inch_n so_o if_o you_o divide_v 208_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o 40_o it_o give_v 5_o inch_n and_o 8_o 40_o and_o so_o broad_a must_v the_o plat_v be_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n thus_o may_v you_o enlarge_v your_o draught_n or_o diminish_v it_o on_o your_o paper_n as_o your_o pleasure_n be_v but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o draw_v all_o your_o draught_n as_o large_a as_o your_o paper_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o draught_n be_v 21_o foot_n 10_o inch_n asunder_o see_v fig._n 5._o by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o if_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n triangle_n this_o acre_n of_o ground_n have_v 11_o row_v and_o 104_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o begin_v either_o side_n with_o 10_o as_o before_o i_o begin_v with_o 9_o then_o will_v there_o be_v in_o this_o ground_n 105_o tree_n but_o to_o know_v how_o many_o row_v you_o may_v have_v in_o any_o ground_n do_v thus_o and_o you_o may_v present_o satisfy_v yourself_o you_o see_v the_o ground_n from_o one_o outside_n row_v to_o the_o other_o be_v 196_o foot_n 8_o inch_n which_o divide_v by_o 19_o the_o distance_n that_o the_o row_v be_v asunder_o neglect_v the_o fraction_n as_o needless_a now_o give_v 10_o distance_n always_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v one_o rowe_n or_o in_o a_o range_v of_o tree_n one_o more_o than_o the_o distance_n in_o this_o draught_n the_o tree_n stand_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o square_a see_v fig._n 6._o by_o this_o last_o draught_n it_o appear_v that_o if_o you_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o set_v they_o square_n that_o then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o 9_o row_v and_o 90_o tree_n in_o this_o square_a acre_n of_o ground_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v they_o triangle_n then_o will_v it_o hold_v 14_o or_o 15_o tree_n more_o but_o if_o your_o plat_v of_o ground_n be_v a_o long_a square_n or_o any_o other_o irregular_a figure_n then_o will_v your_o triangle-way_n hold_v a_o great_a many_o more_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n beside_o it_o make_v many_o more_o row_v therefore_o more_o please_v to_o the_o eye_n note_v this_o well_o for_o set_v your_o tree_n exact_o have_v find_v the_o distance_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o and_o likewise_o how_o many_o row_v with_o a_o line_n lay_v or_o stake_n true_a set_v where_o your_o first_o row_n must_v go_v the_o say_v stake_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o set_v the_o tree_n by_o when_o your_o hole_n be_v make_v have_v resolve_v on_o which_o side_n you_o will_v begin_v which_o always_o let_v be_v the_o side_n you_o find_v most_o in_o sight_n set_v down_o your_o two_o corner-stake_n for_o the_o first_o and_o last_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v then_o with_o your_o assistant_n measure_v exact_o in_o your_o row_n by_o the_o line_n 21_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n but_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v be_v odd_a measure_n than_o proportion_n it_o as_o be_v show_v before_o by_o make_v one_o hole_n more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o see_v cause_n then_o have_v two_o man_n to_o assist_v you_o with_o a_o chain_n for_o line_n will_v reach_v or_o shrink_v measure_v exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o tree_n let_v one_o hold_v at_o one_o tree_n and_o one_o at_o the_o next_o in_o the_o row_n you_o stand_v at_o the_o angle_n with_o the_o chain_n equal_o stiff_a put_v down_o a_o stake_n at_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o two_o tree_n pitch_v down_o your_o stake_n perpendicular_a and_o also_o consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o your_o stake_n thence_o let_v your_o two_o man_n go_v to_o the_o next_o and_o you_o set_v down_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o the_o whole_a ground_n this_o do_v when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v your_o chain_n strain_v both_o side_n alike_o and_o to_o allow_v for_o the_o crookedness_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v two_o row_v plant_v than_o your_o eye_n will_v assist_v you_o well_o enough_o to_o observe_v the_o row_v as_o you_o go_v on_o note_v also_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a and_o a_o square_a than_o your_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o find_v the_o middle_a row_n and_o set_v that_o off_o square_a from_o that_o side_n of_o your_o ground_n you_o mind_v most_o or_o find_v to_o be_v straight_a there_o begin_v to_o mark_v out_o your_o hole_n and_o also_o to_o plant_v your_o tree_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v irregular_a or_o have_v a_o angle_n on_o one_o side_n then_o begin_v on_o your_o straight_a side_n and_o run_v the_o odd_a measure_n into_o the_o angle_n as_o far_o as_o be_v convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o need_v but_o find_v what_o distance_n your_o first_o row_n must_v be_v set_v at_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n have_v both_o the_o side_n straight_o than_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o set_v the_o side-rowe_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o your_o fence_n thus_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v but_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o proportion_n one_o to_o the_o distance_n your_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o other_o to_o the_o distance_n the_o row_v be_v to_o be_v asunder_o and_o you_o may_v proceed_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n after_o this_o method_n you_o may_v plant_v any_o sort_n of_o forrest_n tree_n in_o grove_n the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n before_o you_o plant_v a_o tree_n or_o make_v one_o hole_n by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v well_o perceive_v where_o a_o fault_n be_v and_o easy_o mend_v it_o in_o time_n though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n otherwise_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o judgement_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o with_o experience_n and_o reason_n but_o for_o fear_v any_o thing_n shall_v be_v dubious_a to_o you_o that_o i_o have_v write_v observe_v but_o the_o set_n out_o of_o these_o two_o row_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v to_o you_o how_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v the_o length_n of_o your_o ground_n shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n mark_v at_o the_o end_n thus_o see_v figure_n 7._o have_v stake_v out_o your_o first_o row_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o have_v the_o chain_n exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o open_n then_o bid_v one_o of_o your_o man_n take_v one_o end_v and_o the_o other_o man_n the_o other_o end_v you_o hold_v exact_o the_o middle_a bid_v one_o hold_n at_o the_o stake_n one_o the_o other_o at_o the_o stake_n two_o then_o pitch_v you_o down_o your_o stake_n right_o at_o the_o angles_n as_o the_o prick_a line_n show_v so_o let_v your_o two_o man_n remove_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n and_o you_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o row_n and_o then_o let_v they_o come_v to_o that_o row_n you_o last_o set_v out_o and_o go_v on_o to_o another_o so_o proceed_v till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n thus_o much_o for_o plant_v tree_n in_o orchard_n fashion_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a to_o
show_v the_o best_a way_n for_o improve_n your_o ground_n presume_v that_o every_o man_n that_o fence_v in_o a_o ground_n will_v plant_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o he_o can_v in_o it_o let_v such_o but_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v deliver_v and_o what_o i_o shall_v deliver_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o he_o if_o it_o be_v it_o will_v be_v the_o like_a to_o i_o but_o what_o order_n soever_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n in_o make_v your_o hole_n good_a before_o set_v not_o your_o tree_n too_o deep_a and_o keep_v they_o stake_v the_o first_o year_n cover_v the_o ground_n over_o the_o root_n with_o some_o litter_n or_o dung_n and_o over_o that_o a_o little_a mould_n to_o keep_v the_o sun_n from_o burn_v the_o dung_n and_o exhaust_v the_o strength_n in_o the_o spring_n walk_v over_o the_o ground_n you_o plant_v in_o winter_n and_o set_v your_o tree_n to_o right_a and_o tread_v the_o mould_n to_o the_o root_n especial_o if_o the_o spring_n be_v dry_a 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good_a crop_n of_o corn_n off_o so_o much_o land_n and_o not_o the_o less_o corn_n which_o may_v well_o encourage_v you_o to_o plant_v if_o you_o dare_v believe_v i_o but_o if_o not_o be_v but_o so_o kind_a to_o yourself_o and_o i_o as_o to_o try_v whether_o i_o tell_v truth_n not_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v cow_n out_o of_o your_o young_a orchard_n sheep_n will_v do_v no_o harm_n provide_v you_o wisp_n your_o tree_n about_o with_o thum-band_n while_o young_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o destructive_a hare_n and_o coney_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n although_o i_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o prune_v most_o sort_n of_o tree_n in_o each_o chapter_n where_o i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o yet_o i_o shall_v say_v a_o little_a more_o and_o all_o will_v be_v too_o little_a for_o the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n tell_v you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o rare_a among_o gardener_n to_o prune_n tree_n well_o for_o the_o do_v of_o it_o well_o depend_v more_o upon_o their_o ingenuity_n than_o upon_o their_o hand_n it_o be_v also_o very_o hard_o to_o give_v instruction_n for_o it_o because_o it_o consist_v not_o in_o certain_a and_o general_a maxim_n but_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o each_o tree_n so_o that_o it_o depend_v absolute_o upon_o the_o gardener_n prudence_n who_o ought_v of_o himself_o to_o judge_v what_o branch_n must_v be_v leave_v and_o which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v cut_v away_o etc._n etc._n indeed_o that_o erroneous_a custom_n and_o say_v which_o be_v among_o most_o man_n of_o timber-tree_n not_o to_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o or_o if_o you_o do_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o bough_n at_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n have_v make_v many_o a_o good_a fruit-tree_n lose_v its_o life_n soon_o by_o many_o year_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o also_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o owner_n much_o less_o and_o worse_a fruit_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v therefore_o whatsoever_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o from_o fruit_n or_o forrest-tree_n cut_v it_o close_o and_o smooth_a and_o the_o low_a side_n close_a then_o will_v it_o not_o hold_v water_n and_o every_o year_n the_o bark_n will_v surround_v and_o overgrow_v the_o wound_n by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o it_o have_v quite_o heal_v the_o place_n but_o if_o you_o leave_v a_o stump_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o will_v hold_v water_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n into_o the_o very_a body_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o so_o in_o little_a time_n make_v it_o sick_a and_o kill_v it_o which_o before_o will_v bear_v you_o but_o little_a and_o poor_a fruit_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n hang_v down_o so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v wet_a than_o the_o tree_n must_v be_v as_o big_a as_o that_o stump_n be_v long_o on_o all_o side_n before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v that_o place_n or_o if_o the_o stump_n rot_v and_o break_v off_o than_o many_o time_n it_o leave_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o if_o it_o tend_v much_o upward_a so_o that_o it_o take_v water_n it_o certain_o kill_v the_o tree_n and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o a_o very_a thrive_a tree_n it_o will_v be_v very_o long_o before_o it_o overgrowes_a that_o hole_n though_o it_o do_v not_o take_v wet_a therefore_o what_o bough_n you_o cut_v off_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o unless_o the_o tree_n be_v very_o old_a and_o the_o bough_n great_a such_o i_o do_v not_o advise_v you_o to_o meddle_v with_o but_o if_o you_o do_v cut_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n always_o remember_v to_o let_v the_o wound_n be_v smooth_a and_o to_o tend_v as_o much_o from_o the_o horizon_n as_o may_v be_v all_o bough_n that_o grow_v upright_o be_v they_o great_a or_o little_a cut_v they_o not_o right_o cross_v over_o but_o cut_v they_o slope_v upward_o and_o let_v the_o slope_n aspect_n the_o south_n east_n or_o west_n if_o it_o may_v be_v and_o in_o those_o bough_n that_o lean_a from_o the_o head_n cut_v the_o slope_n on_o the_o low_a side_n the_o slope_n tend_v downward_o so_o will_v they_o cover_v over_o the_o better_a if_o the_o wound_n be_v great_a cover_n it_o over_o with_o some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o horse-dung_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o weather_n and_o it_o will_v cover_v over_o the_o soon_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n be_v spoil_v by_o graft_v of_o it_o in_o bad_a place_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o hundred_o of_o which_o i_o have_v not_o spare_v as_o oft_o as_o i_o can_v to_o tell_v the_o owner_n but_o few_o will_v believe_v i_o for_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o great_a bough_n till_o they_o come_v to_o 6_o inch_n or_o thereabouts_o diameter_n there_o they_o put_v in_o four_o or_o six_o graft_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o sometime_o two_o in_o the_o clift_n and_o see_v the_o bough_n right_o cross_v over_o though_o it_o grow_v upright_o in_o which_o if_o the_o graft_n do_v grow_v the_o head_n be_v so_o great_a and_o they_o grow_v round_o as_o it_o be_v endeavour_v to_o cover_v over_o the_o wound_n make_v such_o a_o hollow_a place_n like_o a_o dish_n on_o the_o head_n as_o holds_z water_n and_o kill_v the_o tree_n which_o be_v many_o time_n dead_a before_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v over_o the_o head_n or_o if_o the_o tree_n do_v not_o thrive_v very_o well_o they_o keep_v that_o place_n will_v cover_v with_o loom_n or_o clay_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o sometime_o they_o head_n the_o tree_n very_o low_a and_o thereby_o check_v it_o so_o much_o that_o it_o die_v in_o little_a time_n after_o sometime_o they_o cut_v off_o such_o great_a bough_n and_o do_v it_o so_o ill_a that_o though_o the_o head_n grow_v yet_o in_o little_a time_n these_o wound_n kill_v the_o tree_n though_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o teach_v you_o how_o to_o graft_v yet_o let_v i_o advise_v you_o when_o you_o graft_v high_a great_a tree_n not_o to_o cut_v they_o too_o low_o but_o to_o prune_v they_o up_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o your_o arm_n or_o less_o and_o then_o graft_v they_o for_o than_o will_v the_o graft_n soon_o overgrow_v such_o place_n leave_v a_o good_a many_o of_o these_o head_n on_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o tree_n that_o if_o some_o miss_v you_o may_v take_v they_o off_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o yet_o have_v enough_o for_o the_o head_n if_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n you_o must_v remember_v to_o head_n your_o graft_n about_o midsummer_n or_o else_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o blow_v off_o put_v your_o graft_n in_o always_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n
as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o spring-shoot_a be_v over_o which_o be_v near_a midsummer_n and_o take_v out_o some_o great_a bough_n then_o if_o you_o mind_v your_o time_n and_o do_v it_o with_o discretion_n you_o may_v force_v that_o tree_n to_o put_v forth_o blow_v bud_n and_o blow_n and_o bear_v the_o year_n follow_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o some_o way_n and_o hint_n of_o prune_a tree_n though_o i_o know_v some_o that_o be_v against_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o so_o be_v there_o some_o that_o be_v against_o learning_n but_o it_o be_v convenient_a for_o tree_n to_o be_v prune_v well_o as_o also_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o man_n to_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n for_o thereby_o both_o produce_v much_o the_o better_a fruit_n therefore_o be_v go_v from_o hence_o thou_o knotty-natured_a turk_n there_o be_v nought_o design_v for_o thou_o within_o this_o work_n this_o be_v for_o christian_n make_v and_o such_o as_o be_v lover_n of_o tree_n and_o ingenuity_n this_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o wise_a and_o none_o but_o ignorant_n will_v it_o despise_v let_v fool_n laugh_v on_o and_o wise_a man_n plant_v as_o fast_o and_o see_v who_o will_v have_v the_o better_o on_o it_o at_o last_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o what_o the_o good_a esquire_n say_v in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 74._o which_o he_o quote_v from_o a_o ancient_a author_n it_o be_v a_o misery_n say_v he_o to_o see_v how_o our_o fair_a tree_n be_v deface_v by_o unskilful_a woodman_n and_o mischievous_a borderer_n who_o go_v always_o arm_v with_o short_a hand-bill_n hack_v and_o chap_a off_o all_o that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n by_o which_o our_o tree_n be_v make_v full_a of_o knot_n boil_n and_o canker_n to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n good_a husband_n shall_v be_v ashamed_a of_o it_o as_o much_o to_o be_v reprehend_v be_v those_o who_o either_o begin_v this_o work_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n or_o so_o maim_v the_o poor_a branch_n that_o either_o out_o of_o 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or_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o if_o you_o find_v they_o root_v you_o may_v set_v they_o again_o but_o than_o you_o must_v observe_v winter-season_n but_o such_o tree_n as_o yield_v sucker_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o elm_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v in_o wood_n and_o they_o thin_a leave_v some_o of_o they_o as_o you_o please_v they_o will_v do_v the_o tree_n no_o harm_n be_v sure_a to_o take_v sucker_n clean_o off_o from_o the_o body_n the_o first_o year_n 7._o the_o body_n be_v most_o common_o in_o danger_n if_o deer_n hare_n or_o connye_n can_v come_v at_o they_o while_o they_o be_v young_a therefore_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o dear_a or_o coney_n be_v you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o well_o with_o frames_n of_o wood_n and_o look_v to_o keep_v they_o so_o or_o else_o never_o plant_v at_o all_o for_o in_o one_o day_n or_o night_n they_o will_v bark_v round_o several_a especial_o the_o ash_n line_n abele_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o take_v great_a 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etc._n etc._n spoil_v by_o such_o carelessness_n 9_o if_o a_o tree_n be_v bark-bound_a then_o slit_v through_o the_o bark_n with_o your_o knife_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n this_o will_v do_v most_o tree_n good_a and_o no_o harm_n to_o any_o 10_o if_o worm_n be_v get_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v out_o and_o the_o place_n do_v over_o with_o loom_n 11._o canker_a place_n or_o gall_v or_o bough_n break_v be_v to_o be_v cut_v smooth_a and_o cover_v over_o with_o loom_n the_o canker_n must_v be_v cast_v clean_o out_o if_o a_o great_a bough_n
the_o diameter_n at_o the_o end_n or_o by_o have_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o base_a thereof_o but_o we_o have_v the_o circumference_n which_o be_v 72_o inch_n i_o shall_v proceed_v that_o way_n and_o first_o by_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n the_o circumference_n be_v 72_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n 696_o inch_n how_o many_o solid_a foot_n be_v there_o in_o such_o a_o tree_n as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 147_o 36_o to_o the_o circumference_n 72_o inch_n so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o inch_n 696_o to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n 166_o and_o near_o half_a that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a it_o can_v well_o be_v read_v on_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o 147_o â—6_n â—â—0_o point_n to_o 72_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o number_n 696_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n and_o then_o turn_v your_o compass_n twice_o from_o that_o 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the_o rule_n and_o compass_n it_o be_v well_o when_o this_o tree_n be_v saw_v off_o a_o little_a above_o the_o root_n i_o tell_v just_a 72_o annual_a circle_n some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o i_o ever_o yet_o see_v in_o any_o tree_n and_o those_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o age_n some_o three_o make_v above_o one_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o tree_n than_o do_v grow_v above_o two_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n time_n but_o at_o first_o and_o of_o late_a for_o some_o 6_o or_o 7_o year_n it_o do_v increase_v but_o little_a for_o it_o be_v near_o at_o its_o full_a growth_n so_o that_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12_o the_o semi-diameter_n for_o it_o be_v 24_o inch_n at_o the_o root-end_n by_o 6_o it_o give_v you_o 72_o so_o that_o it_o do_v grow_v one_o year_n with_o another_o 2_o inch_n in_o 6_o year_n or_o one_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o tree_n in_o for_o its_o greatness_n but_o for_o its_o quick_a growth_n and_o fine_a length_n of_o timber_n which_o be_v help_v by_o its_o situation_n it_o stand_v in_o a_o valley_n and_o set_v round_o with_o many_o other_o great_a tree_n if_o this_o tree_n have_v be_v sell_v alone_o it_o be_v such_o a_o straight_a tree_n and_o such_o a_o tough_a grain_n for_o your_o great_a grand_a tree_n be_v always_o the_o tough_a to_o some_o pike-maker_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v worth_a 1_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o foot_n at_o which_o price_n the_o very_a timber_n come_v to_o 09_o l._n 15_o s._n 09_o d._n then_o the_o head_n and_o root_n will_v well_o pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n and_o make_v up_o the_o wood_n and_o make_v up_o this_o sum_n ten_o pound_n too_o i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o to_o compare_v with_o tree_n that_o be_v and_o have_v be_v for_o the_o ingenious_a author_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 84._o tell_v you_o of_o a_o tree_n worth_a 50_o l._n as_o affirm_v by_o capt._n bullock_n but_o i_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v those_o that_o love_v tree_n what_o profit_n a_o thrive_a tree_n bring_v they_o yearly_o and_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o they_o have_v better_o pay_v use_v for_o money_n than_o cut_v down_o a_o tree_n that_o stand_v in_o a_o good_a place_n and_o be_v in_o a_o good_a thrive_a condition_n therefore_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v grow_v and_o increase_n in_o shoot_n be_v not_o too_o hasty_a in_o fell_n and_o when_o they_o be_v decay_v it_o be_v too_o late_o therefore_o let_v they_o not_o decay_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o when_o your_o wood_n be_v come_v to_o the_o growth_n you_o intend_v to_o fell_v at_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thick_a of_o wood_n then_o fall_v the_o timber-tree_n and_o underwood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o you_o can_v but_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a than_o stock_n up_o your_o tree_n especial_o if_o great_a timber_n and_o the_o winter_n after_o into_o these_o hole_n where_o you_o stock_v up_o the_o tree_n set_v elm_n cherry_n poplar_n sarvice_n and_o sallow-cuttings_a so_o will_v these_o tree_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o grow_v from_o the_o run_a root_n thicken_v your_o wood_n the_o root_n will_v pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n you_o will_v save_v a_o soot_n or_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o timber_n and_o the_o root_n of_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a in_o the_o loose_a ground_n where_o you_o make_v the_o hole_n whereas_o the_o old_a root_n will_v keep_v the_o ground_n from_o nourish_v or_o any_o from_o grow_v there_o for_o many_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n do_v not_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n quite_o but_o set_v in_o some_o run_v wood_n the_o ground_n be_v deep_a by_o the_o hill_n will_v make_v the_o other_o wood_n grow_v better_o and_o the_o end_n of_o several_a root_n be_v cut_v will_v shoot_v forth_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v receive_v seed_n which_o the_o wind_n will_v blow_v into_o they_o and_o there_o be_v weed_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o will_v 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january_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o fell_a timber_n but_o the_o oak_n in_o april_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bark_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v decrease_v and_o the_o wind_n not_o east_n when_o the_o stub_n of_o your_o underwood_n be_v grow_v great_a stock_n they_o up_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v good_a husbandry_n with_o we_o in_o hartfordshire_n which_o they_o call_v runt_v their_o wood_n it_o make_v way_n for_o seedling_n and_o young_a root_n to_o run_v the_o better_a do_v this_o at_o felling-time_n wheresoever_o you_o have_v fell_v tree_n at_o the_o ground_n when_o
i_o take_v the_o mean_a diameter_n to_o be_v 9_o in._n as_o 7_o to_o 22_o so_o 9_o to_o 28_o and_o 2_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o hollow_a ¼_n be_v 7_o in._n then_o as_o 12_o to_o 7_o so_o 12_o foot_n to_o 4_o and_o ¼_n near_o which_o take_v from_o 39_o foot_n and_o ½_o leave_v 35_o foot_n and_o ¼_n for_o the_o sound_a timber_n of_o that_o piece_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n as_o for_o make_v of_o walk_n in_o garden_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o in_o this_o place_n because_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o keep_v my_o walk_n without_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v several_a book_n of_o garden_v that_o have_v many_o draft_n and_o knot_n in_o they_o but_o they_o be_v all_o do_v by_o guess_n and_o none_o of_o they_o fit_v to_o a_o scale_n to_o inform_v what_o ground_n they_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o so_o that_o they_o be_v as_o fit_v for_o butter-print_n as_o for_o knot_n in_o a_o garden_n most_o walk_n that_o be_v make_v abroad_o they_o either_o terminate_v or_o end_n or_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o door_n or_o garden-gate_n or_o other_o gate_n highway_n or_o wood_n etc._n etc._n now_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o walk_n from_o any_o one_o of_o these_o and_o have_v resolve_v upon_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o door_n in_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o the_o like_a there_o pitch_v up_o a_o straight_a stake_n and_o then_o from_o the_o square_n of_o the_o front_n etc._n etc._n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o this_o stake_n and_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o this_o perpendicular_a line_n set_v up_o another_o stake_n let_v these_o two_o stake_n be_v two_o little_a stake_n at_o first_o but_o that_o at_o the_o centre_n always_o the_o high_a these_o two_o stake_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o you_o full_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v in_o the_o mid-line_n then_o come_v to_o the_o centre-stake_n and_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o quantity_n of_o stake_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n bid_v one_o of_o your_o assistance_n go_v as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v well_o see_v back-sight_n and_o foresight_n and_o there_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o your_o hand_n or_o hat_n and_o his_o own_o back-sight_n let_v he_o fix_v upright_o one_o stake_n as_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o line_n then_o take_v up_o the_o two_o little_a stake_n and_o at_o the_o centre_n fix_v in_o a_o stake_n six_o foot_n high_a straight_o and_o upright_o with_o paper_n on_o the_o top_n and_o exact_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o little_a stake_n stand_v thus_o have_v get_v two_o stake_n place_v the_o middle-stake_n and_o the_o centre-stake_n you_o may_v if_o your_o walk_n be_v level_a and_o the_o ground_n clear_a and_o the_o walk_v not_o above_o one_o mile_n long_o set_v up_o one_o stake_n at_o the_o end_n in_o the_o mid-line_n look_v over_o the_o head_n of_o that_o stake_n and_o the_o other_o move_v it_o till_o these_o three_o stake_n be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n so_o may_v you_o have_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o your_o walk_n by_o these_o three_o stake_n exacter_n than_o by_o more_o for_o the_o few_o stake_n you_o use_v in_o your_o mid-line_n the_o better_a because_o that_o if_o you_o be_v but_o once_o a_o little_a amiss_o the_o more_o stake_n be_v use_v you_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o further_o out_o of_o the_o right_a way_n and_o note_v it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v your_o sight_n over_o the_o head_n of_o your_o stake_n than_o to_o look_v by_o their_o side_n therefore_o you_o must_v have_v the_o centre_n stake_v high_a the_o next_o a_o little_o short_a and_o so_o the_o next_o short_a than_o that_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a than_o order_n your_o stake_n according_o as_o thus_o and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a or_o be_v of_o such_o a_o length_n that_o you_o can_v well_o see_v from_o end_n to_o end_n than_o you_o must_v place_v down_o more_o stake_n viz._n between_o the_o middle-stake_n and_o centre-stake_n one_o and_o between_o the_o middle_a and_o end-stake_n one_o if_o need_v require_v more_o i_o have_v oft_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sight-stake_n which_o i_o have_v only_o to_o find_v the_o place_n where_o my_o other_o stake_n shall_v stand_v this_o stake_n be_v make_v with_o a_o slit_n in_o the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a which_o i_o look_v through_o over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rest_n till_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o to_o set_v my_o stake_n right_o in_o the_o mid-line_n it_o be_v of_o good_a use_n and_o fig._n 13._o may_v somewhat_o represent_v it_o you_o may_v make_v it_o to_o slide_v up_o and_o down_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n see_v fig._n 13._o when_o you_o take_v sight_n to_o set_v any_o stake_n true_a in_o a_o line_n with_o other_o stand_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n with_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n so_o shall_v you_o set_v it_o exacter_n in_o the_o line_n than_o when_o your_o eye_n touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n set_v your_o stake_n so_o that_o you_o may_v only_o see_v three_o stake_n in_o a_o line_n let_v your_o walk_n be_v of_o what_o length_n it_o will_n have_v thus_o stake_v out_o your_o mid-line_n strain_v a_o line_n in_o this_o mid-line_n and_o lay_v a_o square_a to_o that_o line_n so_o set_v off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n exact_o square_a to_o your_o middle-line_n then_o set_v up_o stake_n as_o you_o do_v against_o every_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o walk_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v the_o line_n true_a where_o your_o tree_n must_v stand_v then_o drive_v down_o oak-stake_n in_o the_o line_n to_o the_o head_n and_o then_o it_o be_v but_o put_v down_o high_a stake_n by_o these_o when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n then_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v your_o tree_n at_o and_o provide_v good_a store_n of_o small_a stake_n take_v your_o chain_n and_o not_o a_o line_n for_o that_o will_v retch_v and_o shrink_v and_o with_o your_o help_n set_v little_a stake_n downright_o in_o this_o line_n and_o square_v where_o you_o will_v have_v every_o tree_n to_o stand_v these_o stake_n be_v to_o make_v your_o hole_n by_o which_o i_o will_v have_v at_o least_o three_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o hole_n make_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v a_o year_n it_o be_v the_o better_a keep_v the_o mould_n turn_v over_o now_o and_o then_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o earth_n or_o dung_n if_o need_v be_v then_o when_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v be_v come_v begin_v betimes_o however_o on_o dry_a ground_n set_v up_o stake_n by_o every_o oak-stake_n you_o leave_v in_o the_o row_n before_o have_v prune_v the_o root_n and_o head_n to_o a_o equal_a height_n set_v they_o right_v one_o tree_n against_o another_o square_n and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o size_n set_v the_o great_a first_o right_a one_o against_o another_o and_o so_o lesser_a and_o lesser_a by_o degree_n mind_v that_o both_o row_v go_v on_o square_a together_o and_o be_v sure_a you_o mind_n to_o let_v your_o tree_n be_v at_o equal_a distance_n from_o end_n to_o end_n then_o if_o you_o have_v a_o point_n fix_v at_o both_o end_n you_o must_v run_v over_o that_o distance_n you_o resolve_v to_o plant_v your_o tree_n at_o before_o you_o set_v your_o stake_n and_o if_o you_o find_v it_o be_v over_o or_o short_a of_o equal_a distance_n then_o must_v you_o add_v or_o subtract_v this_o odd_a open_a to_o or_o from_o the_o rest_n to_o make_v they_o all_o of_o equal_a distance_n see_v chap._n 33._o now_o have_v your_o tree_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n set_v they_o by_o the_o stake_n stand_v in_o the_o row_v mind_v to_o set_v every_o tree_n to_o range_v with_o the_o stake_n by_o back-sight_n and_o foresight_n cover_v and_o part_v the_o root_n with_o fine_a mould_n and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v lie_v on_o some_o rot_a dung_n over_o that_o mould_n and_o then_o cover_v that_o dung_n with_o a_o little_a mould_n this_o dung_n will_v keep_v they_o from_o frieze_v in_o winter_n and_o from_o dry_v too_o much_o in_o summer_n and_o also_o well_o prepare_v the_o water_n for_o the_o root_n thus_o have_v set_v they_o take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o in_o at_o such_o place_n where_o need_n be_v so_o will_v you_o as_o well_o as_o i_o reap_v a_o great_a satisfaction_n if_o you_o let_v not_o the_o dung_n touch_v the_o root_n do_v not_o mask_v a_o fine_a front_n nor_o vail_v a_o
but_o these_o we_o have_v here_o make_v be_v call_v ambligone_n that_o be_v a_o triangle_n which_o have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v show_v you_o most_o of_o the_o regular_a figure_n through_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v or_o in_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v i_o shall_v now_o show_v how_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v through_o a_o square_a and_o so_o proceed_v see_v fig._n 26._o you_o may_v make_v your_o walk_n according_a to_o this_o figure_n or_o you_o may_v have_v the_o walk_n break_v into_o the_o square_n in_o the_o middle_a on_o every_o side_n which_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o with_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o centre_n where_o the_o prick_n be_v thus_o see_v fig._n 27._o how_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v in_o a_o square_a may_v well_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o last_o figure_n beside_o it_o be_v common_a in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v see_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o a_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a figure_n from_o these_o forego_n you_o may_v make_v several_a other_o according_a to_o your_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n to_o cut_v your_o coat_n according_a to_o your_o cloth_n and_o to_o proportion_v the_o figure_n your_o walk_n end_v in_o according_a to_o the_o best_a convenience_n of_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o your_o hand_n always_o for_o copy_n stay_v but_o let_v a_o active_a fancy_n lead_v your_o way_n proportion_n still_o your_o figure_n to_o your_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v triangle_n square_n or_o round_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n be_v also_o the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o lawn_n that_o be_v a_o spacious_a plane_n join_v to_o your_o house_n which_o let_v be_v in_o largeness_n according_a as_o your_o ground_n will_v permit_v as_o 100_o acre_n or_o more_o this_o lawn_n be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n or_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o give_v the_o more_o way_n for_o the_o west_n wind_n which_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a to_o harm_v your_o house_n by_o its_o free_a passage_n thereto_o also_o if_o your_o best_a room_n front_v your_o lawn_n as_o they_o always_o shall_v do_v the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a time_n in_o which_o great_a person_n do_v solace_v themselves_o in_o these_o principal_a room_n the_o afternoon_n sun_n will_v then_o be_v offensive_a to_o such_o room_n and_o the_o prospect_n will_v both_o be_v hinder_v and_o not_o so_o pleasant_a for_o the_o sun_n by_o shine_v against_o you_o and_o from_o the_o object_n do_v by_o both_o hinder_v your_o prospect_n and_o most_o prospect_n be_v most_o pleasant_a when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o they_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o arise_v from_o your_o lawn_n be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o your_o house_n be_v consider_v i_o thence_o conclude_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n that_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o your_o lawn_n to_o be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o there_o you_o have_v your_o room_n shady_a in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o object_n which_o you_o view_v from_o your_o house_n much_o beautify_v by_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o afternoon_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n your_o lawn_n may_v do_v very_o well_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o the_o sun_n shine_v most_o part_n of_o the_o day_n on_o that_o side_n of_o your_o house_n do_v much_o add_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o that_o front_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o best_a front_n of_o your_o house_n therefore_o a_o large_a lawn_n on_o that_o side_n do_v much_o help_n the_o prospect_n to_o the_o house_n and_o also_o from_o it_o a_o lawn_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v no_o way_n convenient_a for_o that_o lay_v your_o house_n too_o open_a to_o the_o cold_a north_n wind_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o let_v your_o north_n and_o west_n side_n be_v plant_v with_o wood_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n a_o square_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n thus_o where_o there_o may_v be_v three_o avenue_n break_v out_o at_o the_o three_o angle_n or_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o house_n and_o if_o your_o lawn_n be_v rise_v ground_n to_o the_o house_n some_o tree_n set_v thin_a on_o the_o lawn_n will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a see_v fig._n 28._o your_o lawn_n may_v be_v bound_v with_o walk_n if_o you_o please_v which_o in_o this_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n with_o set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o they_o will_v show_v the_o shape_n of_o their_o head_n the_o better_a as_o the_o prick_n be_v on_o the_o lawn_n so_o may_v your_o tree_n stand_v but_o leave_v the_o front_n clear_a except_o the_o lawn_n be_v much_o fall_a ground_n from_o the_o house_n let_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o these_o two_o fig._n 28_o 29._o or_o any_o other_o yet_o let_v the_o lawn_n be_v on_o both_o side_n the_o front_n alike_o make_v a_o angle_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n or_o at_o some_o court_n gate_n right_a before_o it_o and_o break_v off_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o fig._n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o house_n a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n set_v at_o 4_o rod_n distance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o fig._n will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n see_v fig._n 29._o from_o these_o two_o you_o may_v make_v several_a but_o still_o mind_n to_o make_v such_o as_o will_v best_o fit_v your_o ground_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o good_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n only_o it_o must_v break_v off_o before_o it_o come_v against_o the_o front_n a_o triangle_n be_v also_o a_o very_a proper_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v too_o acute_a at_o the_o angle_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n but_o rather_o obtuse_a or_o right_o angle_v at_o the_o angle_n next_o the_o front_n as_o in_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v some_o field_n lie_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o triangle_n lead_v up_o between_o two_o wood_n or_o large_a hedge_n and_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v a_o house_n at_o the_o angle_n this_o have_v be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o my_o fancy_n especial_o when_o it_o have_v ascend_v up_o hill_n and_o have_v have_v the_o south_n southeast_n or_o east_n aspect_n now_o if_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n convenient_a will_v but_o make_v some_o such_o lawn_n before_o their_o house_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o seat_n they_o may_v make_v these_o lawn_n and_o clear_v the_o wood_n that_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o as_o it_o decay_v or_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n the_o charge_n will_v not_o be_v great_a but_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n will_v certain_o be_v great_a and_o last_a i_o do_v prefer_v your_o lime-tree_n to_o bind_v in_o your_o lawn_n because_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o any_o soil_n have_v but_o care_n to_o plant_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v beside_o the_o fine_a shape_n all_o the_o tree_n will_v natural_o grow_v in_o for_o they_o will_v seem_v as_o though_o they_o be_v cut_v provide_v they_o be_v not_o set_v too_o thick_a for_o then_o one_o hinder_v the_o shape_n of_o another_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o good_a tree_n for_o this_o purpose_n for_o it_o have_v a_o fine_a green_a leaf_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a for_o it_o it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o straight_o if_o keep_v with_o prune_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v these_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v thick_a round_o your_o lawn_n the_o beech_n in_o ground_n where_o it_o like_v make_v a_o stately_a tree_n so_o do_v the_o walnut_n chesnut_n black_a cherry_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v quick_a grower_n and_o very_o pleasant_a in_o the_o spring_n when_o they_o be_v clothe_v in_o their_o white_a garment_n and_o indeed_o any_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a to_o remove_v as_o be_v the_o stately_a oak_n and_o pines_n which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o fault_n the_o fir_n and_o ewe_n be_v not_o so_o difficult_a they_o will_v do_v well_o where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n now_o where_o man_n have_v not_o the_o convenience_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n if_o they_o make_v but_o 20_o acre_n in_o a_o field_n in_o some_o good_a figure_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n it_o will_v be_v the_o more_o pleasant_a and_o the_o charge_n as_o little_a as_o to_o do_v it_o other_o way_n chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o several_a superficial_a
2_o the_o other_o will_v reach_v to_o 12_o and_o so_o many_o penny_n two_o foot_n will_v cost_v and_o so_o of_o any_o other_o sum_n example_n 3._o if_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n or_o 50_o foot_n of_o timber_n etc._n etc._n be_v sell_v for_o 37_o s._n 6_o d._n that_o be_v 450_o penny_n what_o be_v that_o for_o one_o foot_n set_a one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 50_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 450_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 9_o and_o so_o many_o penny_n will_v one_o foot_n cost_n at_o 37_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o load_n and_o if_o you_o will_v know_v what_o 6_o foot_n will_v cost_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o your_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 6_o to_o 54_o and_o so_o many_o penny_n 6_o foot_n will_v cost_v at_o the_o aforesaid_a price_n but_o now_o have_v the_o price_n of_o one_o foot_n give_v you_o and_o you_o will_v know_v what_o that_o be_v a_o load_n as_o if_o a_o foot_n cost_v 9_o d._n the_o rule_n be_v thus_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o 9_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 50_o which_o be_v a_o load_n to_o 450_o the_o penny_n that_o a_o load_v cost_n and_o if_o you_o will_v know_v what_o this_o be_v in_o shilling_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12_o to_o one_o be_v 12_o d._n make_v one_o shilling_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 450_o to_o 37_o and_o a_o half_a that_o be_v 37_o shilling_n and_o 6_o penny_n for_o ½_o a_o shilling_n be_v 6_o d._n example_n 4._o by_o this_o line_n and_o compass_n you_o may_v soon_o find_v the_o decimal_n fraction_n of_o any_o sum_n the_o integer_fw-la be_v but_o give_v if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v the_o decimal_n fraction_n of_o 15_o s._n the_o pound_n or_o 20_o shilling_n may_v be_v 10000_o or_o 1000_o or_o more_o for_o the_o large_a you_o make_v this_o sum_n the_o better_a will_v the_o fraction_n appear_v but_o because_o great_a sum_n can_v be_v so_o well_o wrought_v on_o the_o line_n i_o will_v take_v the_o integer_fw-la or_o 20_o shilling_n to_o be_v put_v into_o 100_o part_n and_o than_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 20_o to_o 100_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 15_o to_o 75_o the_o decimal_n of_o 15._o thus_o if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o decimal_n fraction_n of_o thirteen_o shilling_n if_o you_o keep_v the_o extent_n of_o your_o compass_n fix_v which_o you_o take_v from_o 20_o to_o 100_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 13_o to_o 65_o so_o then_o 65_o be_v the_o decimal_n of_o thirteen_o shilling_n if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o decimal_n of_o 5_o shilling_n the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 5_o to_o 25_o the_o decimal_n of_o 5_o shilling_n the_o decimal_n of_o 2_o shilling_n be_v 10_o the_o decimal_n of_o one_o shilling_n be_v 05_o that_o be_v 5_o of_o 100_o for_o if_o that_o cypner_n be_v not_o prefix_v before_o it_o than_o be_v it_o but_o 5_o of_o 10._o thus_o by_o these_o rule_n may_v you_o know_v any_o other_o decimal_a fraction_n example_n 5._o if_o 100_o l._n gain_n 120_o shilling_n in_o one_o year_n or_o 6_o l._n what_o will_v 30_o l._n gain_n in_o the_o same_o time_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 100_o to_o 120_o that_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 30_o to_o 36_o so_o that_o 30_o l._n will_v gain_v 36_o shilling_n in_o one_o year_n twelve_o month_n or_o 365_o day_n example_n 6._o if_o one_o year_n or_o 365_o day_n yield_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o 20_o pound_n 24_o s._n or_o 288_o penny_n what_o will_v 60_o day_n yield_v for_o 20_o l_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 365_o the_o day_n in_o one_o year_n to_o 288_o the_o penny_n in_o 24_o shilling_n that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 47_o and_o near_o a_o ½_o so_o that_o 20_o will_v yield_v in_o 60_o day_n 47_o penny_n ¼_n and_o better_a these_o few_o rule_n of_o many_o will_v show_v you_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o work_v the_o golden_a rule_n direct_v on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n there_o be_v also_o the_o golden_a rule_n reverse_v or_o backward_a rule_n of_o three_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o useful_a as_o the_o direct_a rule_n yet_o it_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v know_v for_o its_o excellent_a use_n the_o rule_n of_o three_o direct_v you_o see_v the_o number_n that_o be_v seek_v aught_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o second_o term_n as_o the_o three_o do_v from_o the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n therefore_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o second_o number_n by_o the_o three_o number_n or_o the_o three_o by_o the_o second_o their_o product_n divide_v by_o the_o first_o give_v the_o four_o chap._n liii_o the_o golden_a rule_n reverse_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n the_o rule_n of_o three_o inverse_n be_v when_o the_o number_n seek_v proceed_v from_o the_o second_o term_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o the_o first_o proceed_v from_o the_o three_o and_o if_o the_o three_o number_n be_v great_a than_o the_o first_o then_o will_v the_o four_o number_n be_v less_o than_o the_o second_o but_o if_o the_o three_o be_v less_o than_o the_o first_o than_o the_o four_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o second_o in_o this_o rule_n if_o you_o multiply_v the_o first_o term_n by_o the_o second_o and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o the_o three_o the_o quotient_n show_v the_o four_o the_o first_o number_n and_o the_o three_o must_v be_v of_o one_o kind_a and_o the_o second_o number_n or_o middle_a number_n of_o the_o three_o give_v must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o the_o four_o example_n 1._o if_o 24_o man_n do_v any_o piece_n of_o work_n in_o 16_o day_n how_o many_o man_n be_v require_v to_o do_v such_o another_o piece_n of_o work_n in_o four_o day_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n before_o name_v though_o 24_o be_v here_o propound_v first_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o second_o place_n and_o then_o the_o question_n will_v order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 4_o be_v to_o 24_o so_o be_v 16_o to_o 96_o or_o thus_o as_o 4_o be_v to_o 16_o so_o be_v 24_o to_o 96._o therefore_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 4_o to_o 24_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 16_o to_o 96._o or_o the_o extent_n of_o 4_o to_o 16_o will_v reach_v from_o to_o 24_o to_o 96_o so_o that_o if_o 24_o do_v a_o piece_n of_o work_n in_o 16_o day_n 96_o will_v do_v as_o much_o in_o 4_o day_n example_n 2._o if_o 9_o bushel_n of_o provender_n serve_v 8_o horse_n 12_o day_n how_o many_o day_n will_v that_o serve_v 16_o horse_n the_o question_n will_v order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 16_o be_v to_o 8_o so_o be_v 12_o to_o 6._o or_o as_o 16_o be_v to_o 12_o so_o be_v 8_o to_o 6._o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 16_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 8_o to_o 6_o so_o that_o if_o 9_o serve_v 8_o horse_n 12_o day_n it_o will_v serve_v 16_o but_o 6_o day_n if_o this_o question_n have_v be_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o direct_v than_o it_o will_v have_v order_v itself_o thus_o if_o 8_o have_v cost_v 12_o than_o 16_o will_v have_v cost_v 24._o but_o in_o this_o inverse_n rule_n you_o must_v begin_v with_o 16_o which_o be_v the_o three_o number_n and_o so_o work_v backward_o as_o be_v before_o show_v at_o large_a example_n 3._o if_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o biscuit_n will_v serve_v 100_o man_n eight_o week_n how_o many_o man_n will_v it_o serve_v ten_o week_n in_o this_o example_n as_o in_o the_o other_o you_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o three_o sum_n first_o and_o so_o work_v back_o as_o before_z for_o here_o the_o three_o sum_n be_v 10_o which_o you_o must_v begin_v withal_o and_o the_o question_n will_v order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 10_o be_v to_z 8_o so_o be_v 100_o to_o 80_o therefore_o to_o work_v it_o by_o the_o line_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 100_o to_o 80_o so_o it_o will_v serve_v 80_o man_n 10_o week_n there_o be_v many_o other_o rule_n which_o may_v be_v wrought_v on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v further_o satisfy_v see_v the_o work_n of_o mr._n gunter_n mr._n wingat_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o holy_a david_n psal_n 115._o last_o verse_n as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v with_o i_o but_o we_o will_v praise_v the_o lord_n from_o henceforth_o and_o for_o ever_o praise_v you_o the_o lord_n chap._n liv._o of_o level_v any_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v slope_n or_o battery_n etc._n etc._n to_o level_v any_o piece_n of_o ground_n that_o you_o can_v see_v from_o side_n to_o side_n or_o from_o the_o middle_a to_o any_o side_n go_v into_o the_o middle_n and_o there_o set_v