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to_o its_o nature_n the_o six_o be_v to_o make_v plant_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n or_o open_a air_n as_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o pond_n or_o in_o some_o great_a hollow_a tree_n i_o may_v and_o can_v answer_v to_o all_o these_o but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a for_o i_o do_v very_o believe_v that_o to_o sow_v seed_n any_o way_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v by_o man_n will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o cause_n they_o to_o be_v quite_o another_o kind_n of_o plant_n for_o if_o you_o find_v any_o alteration_n in_o any_o plant_n that_o be_v it_o be_v from_o the_o conception_n and_o nativity_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o there_o be_v no_o real_a alteration_n but_o by_o seed_n i_o know_v that_o plant_n or_o tree_n may_v bring_v fair_a or_o small_a flower_n or_o fruit_n according_a to_o the_o order_v and_o natural_a situation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o the_o kernel_n of_o a_o apple_n will_v bring_v forth_o a_o pear_n or_o a_o pear_n a_o apple_n or_o that_o cherry-stone_n will_v produce_v a_o plumb_n or_o plumb-stone_n a_o cherry_n but_o if_o you_o sow_v the_o kernel_n of_o good_a pear_n or_o apple_n etc._n etc._n then_o you_o may_v expect_v good_a fruit_n and_o of_o different_a taste_n shape_n or_o bigness_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a for_o i_o do_v believe_v all_o our_o sort_n of_o pippin_n come_v from_o one_o the_o burry-pear_n from_o the_o green-field_n the_o pettit_n rouselet_n from_o the_o katherine_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o of_o walnut_n or_o other_o fruit_n and_o what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n than_o
big_a enough_o for_o walk_n wood_n or_o what_o you_o please_v thus_o much_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o sycamore_n only_o remember_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n and_o wood_n chap._n xxi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o of_o the_o sycamore_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v set_v in_o park_n because_o deer_n do_v not_o often_o bark_v they_o but_o of_o all_o tree_n that_o i_o know_v for_o that_o purpose_n this_o be_v the_o best_a for_o a_o deer_n will_v starve_v before_o he_o will_v so_o much_o as_o taste_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o hornbeam_n they_o do_v not_o love_v much_o the_o very_a small_a top_n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n or_o by_o lay_v but_o by_o seed_n be_v best_a though_o the_o young_a seedling_n be_v tender_a the_o seed_n may_v be_v sow_v at_o the_o time_n direct_v for_o the_o ash_n for_o it_o lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o it_o come_v up_o and_o then_o you_o must_v look_v to_o keep_v it_o well_o shade_a or_o else_o it_o will_v soon_o be_v go_v than_o you_o think_v for_o it_o natural_o love_v to_o grow_v on_o stiff_a ground_n where_o it_o will_v grow_v and_o bring_v great_a lop_v to_o the_o owner_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o a_o very_a shell_n as_o indeed_o most_o old_a tree_n be_v hollow_a within_o which_o i_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o to_o grow_v but_o the_o fault_n of_o those_o that_o look_v to_o they_o for_o they_o have_v too_o many_o master_n which_o be_v bad_a husband_n and_o no_o friend_n to_o this_o tree_n and_o many_o other_o as_o the_o elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n who_o let_v the_o lordship_n be_v great_a before_o they_o lop_v they_o perswade_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v more_o great_a wood_n which_o be_v most_o useful_a never_o consider_v that_o great_a lop_v do_v endanger_v the_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o at_o best_a wound_n it_o so_o much_o that_o many_o tree_n decay_v more_o yearly_a in_o their_o body_n than_o the_o yearly_a lop_v come_v to_o and_o so_o indeed_o they_o do_v provide_v themselves_o with_o more_o great_a wood_n though_o it_o be_v much_o to_o the_o owner_n loss_n though_o this_o tree_n will_v bear_v great_a lop_v when_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o shell_n of_o a_o tree_n stand_v yet_o the_o ash_n if_o once_o come_v to_o take_v wet_a much_o at_o the_o head_n it_o rare_o bear_v more_o lop_n after_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n decay_v therefore_o if_o once_o a_o tree_n decay_v much_o at_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v soon_o be_v little_a worth_n else_o but_o for_o the_o fire_n but_o in_o case_n you_o find_v a_o timber_n tree_n decay_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a down_o with_o it_o in_o time_n for_o fear_v you_o lose_v your_o timber_n and_o also_o the_o firewood_n be_v spoil_v but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v speak_v before_o and_o will_v also_o speak_v more_o can_v i_o with_o word_n but_o persuade_v man_n out_o of_o this_o great_a error_n but_o our_o ordinary_a husbandman_n will_v vindicate_v their_o countrey-husbandry_n to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o next_o for_o indeed_o country_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o the_o order_n of_o tree_n and_o hedge_n and_o they_o as_o much_o condemn_v we_o for_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o out_o of_o their_o self-conceited_a opinion_n and_o tradition_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o jew_n turn_n christian_n this_o tree_n make_v the_o very_o best_a hedge_n of_o any_o tree_n we_o have_v in_o england_n that_o shed_v the_o leaf_n i_o mean_v for_o ornament_n for_o you_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o what_o form_n you_o please_v and_o it_o will_v grow_v very_o thick_a to_o the_o very_a ground_n therefore_o to_o make_v a_o private_a walk_n or_o to_o sense_n in_o avenue_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n without_o the_o bound-range_a of_o tree_n or_o walk_n or_o to_o hedge_v in_o riding_n causewayes_o or_o to_o make_v close_a walk_n or_o arbour_n this_o tree_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v especial_o on_o such_o ground_n which_o it_o like_v you_o may_v be_v better_o satisfy_v about_o this_o tree_n at_o hampton-court_n in_o his_o majesty_n garden_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o ingenious_a artist_n and_o my_o good_a friend_n mr._n tobias_n gatts_n it_o be_v good_a firewood_n and_o yield_v good_a increase_n both_o from_o stub_n and_o pollard_n it_o increase_v much_o by_o sow_v itself_o therefore_o you_o that_o love_v plant_n get_v a_o few_o into_o your_o plantation_n and_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v thrive_v with_o you_o or_o not_o which_o doubtless_o it_o will_v on_o many_o ground_n where_o now_o it_o be_v not_o and_o so_o will_v many_o other_o tree_n do_v mighty_a well_o in_o wood_n and_o coppice_n to_o thicken_v they_o and_o make_v they_o the_o more_o beautiful_a especial_o those_o that_o increase_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o noble_a elm_n cherry_n sarvice_n abel_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o other_o for_o to_o seed_v if_o you_o have_v they_o not_o as_o ash_n sycamore_n line_n hornbeam_n maple_n quickbeam_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o those_o which_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o you_o may_v at_o every_o fall_v furnish_v your_o wood_n where_o they_o be_v thin_a and_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o it_o will_v pay_v you_o for_o your_o pain_n with_o interest_n chap._n xxii_o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n the_o quickbeam_n whitchen_n or_o wild-ash_n though_o very_o scarce_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v pretty_a plentiful_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o north_n as_o in_o nottinghamshire_n etc._n etc._n and_o will_v be_v there_o more_o plentiful_a be_v it_o suffer_v to_o grow_v great_a to_o bear_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o i_o think_v it_o increase_v as_o the_o ash_n do_v only_o from_o seed_n it_o produce_v straight_o small_a and_o long_o shoot_v which_o in_o that_o country_n they_o cut_v off_o while_o they_o be_v young_a to_o make_v goad_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o whip_n to_o drive_v their_o ox_n with_o for_o it_o be_v as_o tough_a a_o wood_n as_o most_o be_v i_o do_v guess_v the_o seed_n lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o i_o be_o now_o about_o try_v to_o raise_v some_o let_v i_o desire_v some_o kind_a planter_n to_o get_v some_o of_o this_o wood_n into_o their_o bound_n where_o it_o be_v not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v try_v whether_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o the_o south_n or_o not_o as_o no_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v if_o you_o will_v but_o try_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o tree_n because_o i_o can_v yet_o speak_v much_o on_o my_o own_o knowledge_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n this_o tree_n increase_v froom_n the_o root_n or_o sucker_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v there_o be_v seed_n in_o that_o which_o it_o shed_v in_o the_o spring_n though_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v it_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o your_o hungry_a gravel_n as_o it_o do_v about_o cashicbury_n in_o several_a wood_n therefore_o you_o that_o have_v barren_a ground_n where_o your_o wood_n be_v get_v some_o set_n of_o this_o wood_n to_o help_v to_o thicken_v your_o wood_n for_o though_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a of_o wood_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o useful_a and_o the_o great_a god_n have_v order_v it_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o worst_a of_o ground_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o servant_n he_o have_v endow_v it_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o attract_v and_o prepare_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o very_a medicinal_a liquor_n which_o be_v both_o pleasant_a and_o healthful_a for_o man_n which_o to_o take_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o also_o to_o prepare_v this_o water_n and_o to_o demonstrate_v what_o disease_n it_o be_v good_a for_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o borrow_v out_o of_o esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 32_o etc._n etc._n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n with_o a_o chisel_n and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well-spreading_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o little_a open_a fasten_v thereto_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extill_o a_o limphid_v and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o tree_n thus_o may_v you_o obtain_v this_o water_n i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n how_o to_o make_v it_o as_o
content_a of_o man_n and_o these_o two_o jewel_n no_o man_n that_o well_o understand_v himself_o will_v willing_o be_v without_o for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o set_v down_o for_o a_o certain_a truth_n by_o many_o wise_a man_n but_o confirm_v by_o experience_n the_o learned_a lord_n bacon_n commend_v the_o follow_v of_o the_o plough_n in_o fresh_a ground_n to_o be_v very_o healthful_a for_o man_n but_o more_o the_o digging_z in_o garden_n say_v it_o be_v best_a to_o take_v the_o air_n of_o the_o earth_n new_o turn_v up_o by_o digging_z with_o the_o spade_n or_o stand_v by_o he_o that_o dig_v he_o tell_v you_o also_o that_o he_o know_v a_o great_a man_n that_o live_v long_o who_o have_v a_o clean_a clod_n of_o earth_n bring_v to_o he_o every_o morning_n as_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o bed_n and_o will_v hold_v his_o head_n over_o it_o a_o good_a pretty_a while_n etc._n etc._n see_v pag._n 203._o of_o his_o natural_a history_n for_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a external_n or_o visible_a and_o internal_a or_o invisible_a the_o external_n be_v not_o the_o element_n but_o the_o body_n of_o the_o element_n in_o which_o be_v the_o sulphur_n mercury_n and_o salt_n for_o the_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v life_n and_o spirit_n wherein_o lie_v the_o astra_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o bring_v forth_o all_o grow_a thing_n for_o it_o have_v in_o itself_o the_o seed_n and_o seminal_a virtue_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o as_o it_o be_v make_v fruitful_a by_o all_o the_o other_o element_n so_o it_o bring_v forth_o all_o thing_n out_o of_o itself_o as_o tree_n herb_n and_o flower_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v again_o the_o astrum_n and_o seed_n see_v philosophy_n reform_v p._n 38._o thus_o be_v show_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v in_o it_o the_o virtue_n of_o all_o herb_n it_o must_v then_o be_v also_o healthful_a as_o they_o be_v but_o for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v near_o the_o surface_n the_o plant_n suck_v most_o of_o its_o virtue_n into_o they_o therefore_o that_o which_o lie_v deep_o may_v be_v the_o more_o healthful_a for_o man_n to_o smell_v of_o for_o consumption_n loss_n of_o appetite_n etc._n etc._n and_o tree_n do_v not_o only_o catch_v the_o mildew_n and_o other_o offensive_a dew_n with_o their_o leave_n but_o screen_n the_o air_n of_o other_o bad_a one_o and_o make_v it_o much_o the_o healthful_a for_o man._n therefore_o you_o that_o live_v near_o to_o fen_n moor_n and_o other_o unhealthful_a place_n plant_v your_o seat_n round_o with_o tree_n and_o some_o of_o those_o that_o yield_v healthful_a smell_n for_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a what_o the_o aforesaid_a learned_a author_n say_v p._n 204._o that_o odour_n do_v nourish_v for_o he_o say_v he_o know_v a_o gentleman_n that_o will_v fast_v three_o or_o four_o day_n without_o meat_n bread_n or_o drink_n by_o only_o smell_v to_o a_o great_a wisp_n of_o herb_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o p._n 44._o in_o the_o history_n of_o his_o life_n and_o death_n say_v that_o odour_n be_v especial_o profitable_a for_o the_o comfort_v of_o the_o heart_n and_o further_o he_o say_v we_o commend_v above_o all_o other_o odour_n that_o of_o plant_n grow_v and_o not_o pluck_v take_v in_o the_o open_a air_n as_o violet_n gillyflower_n pink_n bean-flower_n linetree_n blossom_n honeysuckle_n wall-flower_n rose_n mint_n lavender_n etc._n etc._n orange-tree_n citron_n myrtle_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o to_o walk_v or_o sit_v near_o the_o breath_n of_o these_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v neglect_v thus_o you_o see_v this_o learned_a man_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o linetree_n and_o if_o the_o simple_a water_n that_o be_v distil_v from_o the_o flower_n be_v good_a against_o the_o plague_n or_o other_o infectious_a disease_n as_o certain_a it_o be_v then_o sure_a the_o smell_n from_o the_o blossom_n themselves_o must_v be_v very_o good_a therefore_o excellent_a to_o plant_v near_o your_o house_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o wise_a man_n opinion_n be_v that_o the_o line-tree_n in_o the_o city_n in_o holland_n add_v much_o to_o the_o health_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o it_o be_v my_o belief_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o lime_n or_o linetree_n in_o the_o ensue_a line_n and_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o for_o your_o further_a encouragement_n to_o plant_v and_o preserve_v tree_n the_o content_a of_o one_o tree_n as_o i_o have_v it_o from_o the_o honourable_a sir_n henry_n capell_n as_o follow_v a_o witch-elm_n in_o sir_n walter_n baggott_n park_n in_o the_o county_n of_o stafford_n two_o man_n five_o day_n fell_v it_o it_o lay_v 40_o yard_n in_o length_n the_o stool_n five_o yard_n two_o foot_n over_o fourteen_o load_n of_o wood_n break_v in_o the_o fall_n forty_o eight_o load_n in_o the_o top._n eighty_o pair_n of_o nave_n be_v make_v out_o of_o it_o eight_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n of_o board_n and_o plank_n it_o cost_v ten_o pound_n seventeen_o shilling_n saw_v the_o whole_a substance_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v 97_o tun_n it_o be_v fell_v in_o the_o year_n 1674._o and_o now_o i_o shall_v set_v before_o you_o some_o rock_n which_o be_v in_o some_o book_n and_o for_o their_o strangeness_n be_v entertain_v too_o long_o to_o the_o abuse_n of_o many_o but_o these_o which_o i_o mark_v here_o pray_v endeavour_n to_o avoid_v first_o error_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o that_o if_o you_o put_v your_o seed_n in_o a_o box_n shell_n or_o squill_n and_o so_o set_v they_o in_o the_o ground_n these_o seed_n will_v unite_v in_o one_o and_o so_o bring_v forth_o large_a and_o better_a fruit_n but_o if_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o root_n or_o branch_n that_o will_v not_o make_v the_o fruit_n the_o better_a or_o large_a nor_o of_o two_o kind_n in_o taste_n as_o some_o have_v say_v i_o rather_o think_v that_o put_v seed_n into_o such_o thing_n will_v stupefy_v they_o and_o destroy_v they_o but_o if_o they_o shall_v unite_v in_o one_o shoot_v that_o shoot_v that_o grow_v the_o fast_o will_v lead_v all_o the_o 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put_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o that_o when_o your_o ground_n be_v level_v again_o the_o end_n of_o this_o root_n so_o cut_v off_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n i_o do_v judge_n the_o foresaid_a time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o then_o the_o sun_n hasten_v to_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a or_o rather_o this_o star_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o libra_n the_o sun_n have_v heat_n and_o a_o strong_a draw_n faculty_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n draw_v by_o its_o secret_a influence_n on_o the_o several_a branch_n on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o head_n from_o the_o body_n and_o both_o head_n and_o body_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n be_v furnish_v with_o sap_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o supply_v the_o body_n and_o the_o head_n be_v then_o the_o fit_a to_o produce_v with_o that_o sap_n a_o new_a tree_n likely_a than_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o full_a sap_n viz._n in_o summer_n for_o then_o the_o abundance_n of_o sap_n 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that_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o ruin_n than_o to_o increase_v its_o kind_a but_o if_o it_o do_v live_v the_o spring_n be_v the_o time_n when_o it_o will_v bud_v therefore_o by_o consequence_n the_o best_a my_o reason_n for_o cut_v the_o root_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o from_o the_o great_a root_n be_v then_o that_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o many_o root_n at_o the_o end_n especial_o if_o smooth_v cut_v off_o and_o so_o the_o better_a for_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o take_v the_o root_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v by_o part_n of_o root_n the_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o raise_v be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n elm_n maple_n poplar_n aspen_n abete_n cherry_n crabtree_n plumb_n white_a bush_n serve_v etc._n etc._n chap._n viii_o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a for_o tree_n or_o their_o seed_n etc._n etc._n any_o sort_n of_o dung_n that_o be_v very_o hot_a of_o itself_o as_o pigeon_n hens-dung_n sea-coal_n or_o wood-ash_n soot_n or_o malt-dust_n such_o or_o as_o heat_n after_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o horse-dung_n and_o horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n or_o weeds_o these_o or_o the_o like_a unless_o a_o small_a quantity_n and_o in_o very_o cold_a ground_n be_v better_o save_v than_o use_v for_o tree_n especial_o forest-tree_n some_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o first_o their_o forefather_n have_v not_o meet_v with_o such_o kindness_n therefore_o their_o child_n do_v not_o nor_o can_v digest_v it_o so_o well_o second_o these_o sort_n
of_o dung_n be_v good_a for_o several_a sort_n of_o plant_n especial_o annual_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o they_o where_o they_o meet_v with_o such_o warm_a entertainment_n to_o come_v up_o the_o soon_o provide_v the_o dung_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a as_o to_o burn_v they_o for_o nature_n have_v accustom_v they_o so_o much_o to_o a_o yearly_o decay_n that_o the_o seed_n of_o they_o will_v lay_v hold_n of_o the_o first_o opportunity_n and_o put_v forward_o for_o their_o journey_n either_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n or_o winter_n according_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o provision_n for_o their_o progress_n till_o they_o have_v accomplish_v that_o which_o be_v do_v for_o they_o viz._n produce_v seed_n when_o your_o forrest-tree_n know_v its_o continuance_n to_o be_v long_o and_o that_o natural_o it_o have_v many_o year_n to_o produce_v its_o like_a it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o force_v by_o art_n or_o artificial_a mean_n for_o who_o can_v by_o the_o best_a art_n or_o care_n that_o can_v be_v use_v force_v the_o key_n of_o a_o ash_n to_o come_v up_o in_o a_o year_n or_o to_o grow_v but_o one_o inch_n for_o it_o will_v lie_v a_o year_n or_o more_o before_o before_o it_o will_v begin_v to_o shoot_v when_o as_o several_a sort_n of_o annual_n will_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n come_v up_o in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n if_o their_o entertainment_n be_v according_o therefore_o neither_o your_o forrest-tree_n not_o their_o seed_n require_v much_o dung_n but_o love_v a_o ground_n trench_v deep_a with_o some_o addition_n of_o fresh_a earth_n such_o as_o they_o delight_v in_o as_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o strong_a clay_n then_o trench_v it_o deep_a and_o mix_v it_o with_o fat_a sand_n rubbish_n of_o building_n sea-coal-ash_n highway-earth_n that_o have_v drift_n sand_n in_o it_o or_o small_a gravel-lime_n or_o lime-rubbish_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o gravel_n or_o sand_n then_o trench_v it_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o loom-clay_n the_o 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natural_a ground_n for_o garden_n or_o plantation_n that_o be_v your_o strong_a ground_n be_v worse_o for_o tree_n than_o your_o light_n especial_o for_o their_o seed_n for_o they_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o great_a weed_n as_o couch-grass_n thistle_n nettle_n etc._n etc._n when_o your_o gravelly_a ground_n have_v in_o most_o place_n a_o short_a grass_n or_o mother_n of_o thyme_n or_o moss_n common_o the_o great_a plant_n be_v fern_n which_o be_v very_o natural_a to_o seed_n of_o tree_n and_o to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n you_o may_v often_o see_v several_a young_a tree_n come_v up_o in_o fern_n which_o natural_o grow_v on_o your_o light_a ground_n therefore_o be_v most_o natural_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o wood_n but_o your_o strong_a ground_n do_v most_o common_o produce_v the_o great_a oak_n and_o your_o gravelly_a or_o shallow_a ground_n the_o fine_a grain_n that_o be_v when_o tree_n be_v on_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o do_v natural_o love_v to_o grow_v on_o they_o then_o produce_v the_o great_a grain_n for_o then_o be_v their_o annual_a circle_n the_o great_a therefore_o such_o tree_n be_v your_o strong_a and_o tough_a timber_n but_o when_o a_o tree_n grow_v on_o a_o ground_n it_o natural_o do_v not_o like_a than_o the_o annual_a circle_n be_v small_a the_o grain_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n must_v by_o consequence_n be_v fine_a and_o the_o wood_n not_o so_o tough_a so_o that_o these_o stately_a tree_n do_v not_o love_v such_o great_a variety_n as_o your_o annual_n for_o if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o ground_n which_o they_o do_v not_o very_o well_o like_a if_o you_o give_v they_o but_o room_n by_o deep_a and_o often_o dig_v they_o will_v then_o search_v the_o further_a from_o home_n and_o provide_v such_o nourishment_n as_o will_v make_v they_o thrive_v and_o be_v stately_a when_o as_o your_o annual_a plant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v not_o very_o long_o live_v they_o will_v desire_v better_o and_o more_o variety_n of_o dung_n than_o your_o forrest-tree_n i_o have_v often_o admire_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o some_o plant_n will_v not_o come_v to_o their_o perfection_n unless_o they_o stand_v on_o dung_n or_o that_o which_o will_v give_v a_o great_a heat_n which_o will_v kill_v the_o seed_n of_o several_a other_o do_v they_o but_o stand_v there_o one_o day_n but_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n that_o such_o plant_n desire_v it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v make_v for_o hot_a country_n and_o therefore_o if_o we_o will_v have_v they_o to_o come_v to_o maturity_n in_o our_o cold_a one_o we_o must_v give_v they_o warm_a lodging_n especial_o in_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v too_o cold_a with_o we_o for_o they_o but_o what_o be_v it_o then_o that_o plant_n do_v feed_v on_o but_o then_o to_o consider_v well_o this_o why_o the_o heat_n of_o grass_n or_o green_a weed_n shall_v bring_v they_o forward_o as_o well_o as_o dung_n of_o horse_n provide_v you_o can_v keep_v it_o but_o as_o temperate_a for_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o as_o long_o last_v for_o it_o will_v not_o keep_v its_o heat_n long_o where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n and_o mercury_n or_o spirit_n in_o the_o dung_n more_o than_o in_o the_o grass_n to_o feed_v these_o plant_n also_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o if_o you_o take_v rich_a mould_n half_a or_o more_o of_o it_o rot_a dung_n and_o cover_v one_o end_n of_o your_o bed_n with_o the_o other_o end_n cover_v the_o same_o thickness_n with_o poor_a hungry_a mould_n provide_v you_o make_v it_o fine_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o this_o last_o shall_v do_v as_o well_o and_o many_o time_n better_a for_o any_o seed_n on_o a_o hot_a bed_n than_o the_o rich_a mould_n where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n more_o than_o in_o the_o hungry_a as_o most_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o rich_a the_o mould_n the_o more_o of_o they_o and_o that_o all_o plant_n draw_v their_o nourishment_n from_o these_o matter_n when_o i_o know_v that_o the_o seed_n most_o we_o sow_v on_o hot_a bed_n can_v well_o digest_v that_o matter_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n if_o it_o be_v there_o more_o than_o in_o the_o poor_a and_o come_v on_o much_o forward_a in_o these_o mould_v each_o if_o not_o on_o a_o hot-bed_n the_o rich_a mould_n will_v bring_v on_o plant_n much_o strong_a than_o the_o poor_a provide_v the_o seed_n be_v of_o such_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n pigeon_n dung_n sow_v thin_a upon_o cold_a land_n and_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v very_o good_a for_o barley_n but_o if_o sow_v late_o and_o on_o dry_a hot_a ground_n it_o will_v then_o do_v more_o harm_n than_o
good_a for_o it_o will_v burn_v up_o your_o seed_n or_o plant_n this_o dung_n be_v too_o hot_a and_o quick_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o pigeon_n to_o eat_v salt_n and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o seaside_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o there_o to_o pick_v up_o salt_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v by_o dry_v up_o the_o salt_n water_n and_o then_o leave_v the_o salt_n upon_o the_o sand_n now_o this_o fowl_n feed_v so_o much_o upon_o salt_n the_o dung_n of_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o salt_a than_o any_o fowl_n i_o know_v now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v good_a for_o cold_a land_n and_o withal_o to_o sow_v it_o early_o be_v these_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n that_o the_o dryer_n and_o hot_a it_o be_v keep_v the_o more_o it_o keep_v its_o own_o body_n and_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o cold_a and_o moist_a place_n it_o than_o dissolve_v in_o a_o little_a time_n 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principal_a and_o first_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o a_o learned_a author_n have_v it_o in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o mineral_n p._n 44_o so_o wonderful_o have_v god_n create_v water_n the_o first_o matter_n of_o nature_n which_o though_o it_o be_v so_o tender_a and_o feeble_a a_o substance_n yet_o from_o thence_o be_v create_v the_o most_o solid_a and_o durable_a fruit_n that_o be_v from_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o oily_a earthy_a water_n be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o plant_n the_o part_n of_o the_o dust_n be_v thus_o fill_v upon_o the_o sun_n attract_v that_o and_o the_o plant_n the_o root_n embrace_v this_o fume_v this_o little_a root_n it_o have_v not_o life_n to_o grow_v turn_v to_o earth_n and_o its_o grave_n be_v a_o room_n to_o lead_v the_o root_n of_o another_o plant_n in_o it_o will_v give_v good_a entertainment_n to_o its_o own_o kind_a thus_o you_o see_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o another_o a_o little_a of_o this_o be_v good_a for_o some_o seed_n of_o forrest-tree_n but_o sow_v it_o not_o too_o thick_a for_o any_o thing_n lest_o it_o mould_n or_o turn_v musty_a note_v that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a for_o the_o root_n to_o be_v in_o when_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n be_v grow_v be_v the_o place_n that_o bring_v it_o soon_o to_o destruction_n when_o dead_a and_o contrary_a for_o a_o tree_n can_v live_v in_o water_n or_o always_o dry_a and_o those_o preserve_v the_o timber_n long_o when_o the_o tree_n be_v dead_a this_o may_v be_v further_o improve_v by_o ingenuity_n note_v also_o that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a to_o keep_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a for_o a_o tree_n or_o plant_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o contrary_a old_a rag_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n as_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n by_o the_o industrious_a farmer_n cut_v into_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o good_a compost_n for_o their_o ground_n they_o draw_v the_o dew_n and_o rain_n to_o they_o and_o keep_v it_o till_o sol_n 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be_v break_a brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n the_o reason_n be_v tell_v you_o chalk_n break_v small_a into_o piece_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o chalk_n but_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a fat_a chalk_n be_v good_a for_o such_o ground_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o stiff_o let_v your_o reason_n instruct_v you_o further_o lime_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a compost_n for_o cold_a ground_n and_o stiff_a clayes_n for_o its_o heat_n cause_v a_o fume_n and_o its_o tenderness_n make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o fetch_v home_o their_o nourishment_n and_o its_o heat_n be_v great_a at_o first_o therefore_o lay_v not_o on_o too_o much_o on_o no_o ground_n and_o let_v that_o be_v slack_v if_o your_o dry_a ground_n be_v it_o your_o tree_n delight_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o you_o be_v force_v to_o set_v they_o on_o 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learning_n reflect_v upon_o man_n imagination_n but_o not_o the_o least_o thing_n comprehend_v substantial_o but_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n take_v clay_n or_o loom_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o too_o thick_a the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n and_o there_o let_v it_o be_v till_o the_o frost_n have_v make_v it_o fall_v into_o mould_n then_o in_o some_o dry_a open_a time_n harrow_v it_o all_o over_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o plough_n then_o plough_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o trench_n for_o forrest_n or_o fruit-tree_n observe_v to_o order_v it_o so_o for_o by_o thus_o do_v the_o clay_n will_v mix_v with_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n much_o the_o better_o the_o better_a that_o any_o man_n chew_v his_o meat_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o easy_a to_o digest_v and_o the_o dry_a you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o ground_n provide_v it_o have_v but_o time_n to_o water_n itself_o well_o before_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v it_o be_v the_o 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to_o make_v they_o descend_v towards_o the_o house_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v which_o to_o do_v i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v through_o one_o hill_n thirty_o rod_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot-deep_a into_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v the_o same_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o i_o raise_v of_o seed_n most_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o layer_n at_o hadham-hail_a they_o be_v with_o my_o lord_n ever_o since_o their_o minority_n and_o he_o many_o time_n their_o barber_n engage_v he_o to_o have_v the_o more_o particular_a kindness_n for_o they_o therefore_o he_o order_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o think_v good_a in_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o which_o i_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o i_o level_v the_o hill_n and_o when_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o ground_n near_o to_o the_o level_n conclude_v on_o i_o stake_v out_o my_o ground_n where_o every_o tree_n shall_v stand_v and_o then_o order_v my_o hole_n to_o 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shoot_v forth_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o their_o head_n that_o be_v the_o side-bough_n to_o keep_v the_o wind_n from_o break_v they_o there_o be_v in_o these_o four_o row_n of_o tree_n 296._o and_o of_o these_o i_o lose_v not_o one_o tree_n the_o first_o year_n but_o they_o do_v grow_v and_o shoot_v so_o well_o that_o there_o be_v several_a noble_a man_n that_o see_v they_o do_v think_v as_o they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o remove_v the_o year_n before_o but_o the_o year_n after_o we_o have_v three_o spoil_v by_o some_o base_a man_n or_o boy_n of_o the_o very_a same_o parcel_n of_o tree_n my_o lord_n give_v sir_n william_n temple_n thirty_o of_o the_o best_a of_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o see_v choose_v out_o they_o be_v set_v at_o sir_n william_n house_n at_o sheen_n a_o much_o better_o nature_a ground_n than_o we_o yet_o they_o lose_v all_o but_o six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o year_n i_o see_v a_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n but_o i_o think_v they_o 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pay_v the_o tribute_n of_o their_o thanks_o to_o his_o lordship_n like_a pyramid_n our_o stately_a top_n we_o will_v raise_v to_o sing_v our_o noble_a benefactor_n be_v praise_n fresh_o we_o will_v to_o after-age_n show_v what_o noble_a essex_n do_v on_o we_o bestow_v for_o we_o our_o very_a be_v owe_v to_o he_o or_o else_o we_o have_v long_o since_o entomb_v be_v in_o crop_n of_o bird_n or_o in_o beast_n belly_n find_v or_o meet_v our_o death_n neglect_v on_o the_o ground_n by_o he_o we_o cherish_v be_v with_o dung_n and_o spade_n for_o which_o we_o will_v recompense_n he_o with_o our_o shade_n and_o since_o his_o kindness_n see_v we_o prune_v so_o well_o we_o will_v requite_v he_o with_o our_o fragrant_a smell_n in_o winter_n as_o in_o gratitude_n be_v meet_v we_o will_v strew_v our_o humble_a leave_n beneath_o his_o foot_n nay_o in_o each_o tree_n root_n trunk_n branch_n all_o will_v be_v proud_a to_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o posterity_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o by_o example_n the_o good_a effect_n of_o a_o light_a brick-earth_n upon_o gravel_n i_o can_v also_o tell_v the_o same_o of_o a_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n small_a gravel_n upon_o your_o clay_n or_o stiff_a ground_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o i_o have_v inform_v your_o judgement_n so_o much_o that_o you_o will_v reasonable_o conclude_v with_o i_o that_o the_o prepare_v of_o ground_n for_o tree_n be_v only_o to_o mix_v ground_n so_o together_o that_o there_o may_v be_v convenient_a room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o search_v for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o to_o humour_v the_o tree_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o natural_a ground_n which_o each_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v in_o i_o know_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o stiff_a clay_n then_o to_o trench_v and_o mix_v it_o with_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n lime_n rubbish_n or_o chalk_n and_o lime_n be_v great_a help_n to_o such_o ground_n either_o for_o tree_n or_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o more_o last_a than_o dung_n and_o for_o forrest-tree_n full_a as_o good_a as_o dung_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o give_v leave_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o take_v away_o that_o over-moistness_a in_o the_o cold_a stiff_a ground_n which_o hinder_v conception_n by_o let_v the_o water_n down_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o keep_v it_o from_o crack_v and_o so_o nourish_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o keep_v it_o from_o spend_v it_o too_o hasty_o horse-dung_n be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o hot_a bed_n with_o for_o such_o plant_n as_o be_v common_o raise_v of_o they_o be_v annual_a plant_n but_o it_o be_v too_o hasty_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n unless_o it_o be_v rot_v and_o well_o mix_v with_o natural_a mould_n it_o be_v best_a for_o your_o stiff_a cold_a land_n and_o if_o you_o lay_v it_o upon_o plough_v ground_n which_o it_o be_v best_o for_o then_o plough_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o if_o it_o lie_v there_o to_o dry_v there_o will_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oily_a substance_n which_o make_v the_o fume_n for_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n be_v exhale_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n let_v no_o sort_n of_o dung_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n unplowedin_fw-fr but_o plough_n or_o dig_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o by_o lie_v so_o it_o do_v not_o only_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o goodness_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o if_o it_o lie_v thin_a but_o where_o your_o dunghill_n lie_v every_o shower_n will_v wash_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v the_o dung_n off_o from_o that_o place_n as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v yet_o you_o shall_v have_v that_o place_n bear_v rank_a corn_n than_o where_o you_o think_v the_o dung_n have_v lie_v much_o thick_a if_o it_o lie_v long_o in_o a_o place_n the_o observation_n of_o this_o teach_v i_o many_o good_a uses_n as_o first_o to_o lay_v dung_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n be_v much_o better_a than_o stone_n as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n advises_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n for_o this_o keep_v moist_a the_o ground_n better_o than_o they_o and_o rain_n wash_v the_o strength_n to_o the_o root_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o if_o you_o dig_v in_o this_o when_o the_o strength_n be_v go_v and_o your_o tree_n strong_a it_o than_o prepare_v way_n for_o the_o root_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a benefit_n to_o your_o tree_n or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o digged-in_a but_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n and_o there_o turn_v to_o earth_n it_o than_o feed_v the_o root_n on_o the_o top_n and_o lead_v they_o upward_o and_o see_v where_o dung_n lie_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v by_o the_o washing-in_a of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n it_o may_v well_o inform_v you_o that_o dung_n steep_v in_o water_n be_v very_o good_a especial_o if_o you_o use_v dung_n in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o plant_n and_o strength_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
plant_n have_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n in_o they_o some_o more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o that_o they_o feed_v on_o these_o be_v not_o certain_a to_o i_o but_o it_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o fume_v steam_n or_o more_o proper_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o feed_v on_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o vast_a many_o production_n of_o plant_n and_o infect_v which_o be_v produce_v every_o year_n and_o from_o no_o seed_n or_o sperm_n but_o according_a to_o the_o fit_a matrix_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star-fire_n and_o virgin_n mercury_n their_o dame_n nature_n be_v then_o busy_a to_o make_v some_o plant_n or_o insect_n according_a as_o she_o have_v provide_v a_o breast_n to_o suckle_v and_o feed_v they_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o but_o only_o a_o lodging-place_n and_o simple_a water_n be_v only_o its_o garment_n for_o simple_a crude_a water_n feed_v nothing_o but_o be_v rather_o destructive_a as_o be_v see_v by_o water_n that_o run_v forth_o on_o a_o gravel_n and_o the_o stream_n quick_a there_o be_v feldome_o good_a meadow_n by_o such_o river_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o town_n that_o wash_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n or_o good_a rich_a land_n or_o lane_n or_o the_o like_a your_o spring-water_n unless_o it_o have_v some_o assistance_n be_v the_o like_a but_o of_o water_n see_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o example_n of_o earth_n by_o which_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v on_o simple_a earth_n nor_o crude_a water_n my_o lord_n be_v the_o author_n that_o tell_v i_o this_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v permit_v i_o i_o then_o do_v try_v the_o experiment_n which_o be_v thus_o perform_v i_o take_v out_o of_o a_o hill_n of_o good_a rich_a fresh_a earth_n which_o i_o have_v prepare_v for_o other_o thing_n some_o of_o the_o dry_v somewhat_o above_o a_o good_a large_a flowerpot_n full_a this_o i_o carry_v into_o a_o little_a room_n which_o i_o have_v at_o hadham-hall_n it_o join_v upon_o the_o bakehouse_n there_o i_o spread_v this_o earth_n thin_a upon_o the_o shelf_n now_o and_o then_o turn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v as_o dry_a as_o dust_n and_o as_o i_o think_v as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o burn_v have_v thus_o prepare_v my_o earth_n i_o fill_v a_o flowerpot_n with_o it_o which_o pot_n and_o earth_n thus_o fill_v weigh_v as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v weigh_v it_o just_a eighteen_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a march_z approaching_z in_o the_o year_n 1666_o i_o put_v this_o pot_n into_o a_o hot_a bed_n to_o secure_v the_o seed_n and_o withal_o to_o help_v forward_o my_o design_n to_o preserve_v they_o the_o seed_n be_v purslain_a which_o i_o sow_v in_o it_o the_o quantity_n be_v very_o small_a i_o keep_v this_o pot_n in_o hot_a bed_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o may_n and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o under_o a_o south_n wall_n where_o it_o stand_v till_o that_o month_n be_v out_o and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o in_o the_o shade_n from_o the_o meridian_n sun_n there_o it_o stand_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n and_o then_o find_v my_o plant_n full_a of_o seed_n and_o at_o a_o stand_n i_o then_o cut_v up_o the_o purslain_a close_o to_o the_o ground_n at_o noontime_n when_o it_o be_v very_o dry_a and_o weigh_v the_o purslain_a as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v and_o it_o weigh_v just_a six_o pound_n two_o ounce_n then_o i_o take_v the_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o south_n window_n in_o a_o banquet_a house_n to_o dry_a turn_v the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v out_o some_o of_o the_o moisture_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v wet_a for_o i_o have_v keep_v this_o pot_n with_o water_v all_o the_o summer_n as_o occasion_v serve_v then_o i_o take_v this_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o little_a room_n to_o dry_v the_o earth_n as_o i_o do_v before_o and_o put_v some_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o a_o box_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o pot_n i_o make_v it_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v or_o at_o least_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o sow_v my_o seed_n in_o it_o and_o then_o put_v all_o my_o earth_n into_o the_o pot_n again_o i_o weigh_v it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o and_o then_o the_o pot_n and_o the_o earth_n weight_v just_o eighteen_o pound_n and_o seven_o ounce_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v the_o root_n of_o the_o purslain_a but_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v i_o do_v believe_v they_o do_v not_o weigh_v one_o ounce_n and_o this_o one_o ounce_n that_o it_o lose_v of_o weight_n may_v be_v earth_n dash_v over_o with_o ra_n now_o these_o plant_n weigh_v so_o much_o and_o the_o earth_n waste_v or_o decrease_v in_o its_o weight_n so_o little_a do_v plain_o show_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v only_o on_o earth_n for_o i_o do_v believe_v this_o that_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v 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to_o vindicate_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o for_o walk_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o i_o do_v suppose_v with_o myself_o that_o whosoever_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o walk_n will_v not_o fell_v the_o timber-tree_n in_o a_o stately_a walk_n while_o the_o timber_n be_v in_o its_o prime_n for_o most_o tree_n will_v continue_v many_o year_n very_o ornamental_a after_o they_o be_v in_o their_o prime_n even_o while_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o no_o use_n but_o fire_n wood_n and_o why_o not_o the_o line_n then_o for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o any_o sort_n of_o timber_n tree_n 2._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o on_o different_a ground_n as_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v which_o be_v a_o considerable_a encouragement_n to_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n to_o see_v their_o labour_n prosper_v 3._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o great_a and_o as_o high_a if_o keep_v with_o prune_v up_o as_o most_o tree_n we_o have_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v borrow_v the_o word_n 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that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a
his_o hedgerows_a etc._n etc._n or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o i_o can_v and_o do_v wish_v that_o owner_n will_v encourage_v their_o tenant_n by_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o money_n for_o every_o fruit-tree_n and_o so_o much_o for_o every_o forrest-tree_n they_o plant_v in_o their_o ground_n and_o look_v to_o they_o well_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v cattle_n spoil_v they_o this_o will_v help_v both_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n may_v be_v in_o waste_a place_n where_o now_o none_o be_v this_o will_v make_v the_o farm_n much_o better_a and_o pleasant_a and_o so_o we_o may_v have_v more_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n and_o timber_n and_o knowledge_n in_o plant_v will_v be_v great_o improve_v now_o suppose_v you_o shall_v plant_v on_o good_a land_n and_o in_o open_a field_n you_o will_v be_v no_o loser_n by_o it_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v plant_v oak_n ash_n or_o elm_n in_o pasture-ground_n at_o three_o or_o four_o rod_n asunder_o they_o will_v do_v your_o land_n no_o harm_n nor_o will_v you_o lose_v any_o ground_n save_v only_o just_a where_o the_o tree_n stand_v now_o it_o must_v be_v a_o good_a tree_n that_o take_v up_o one_o yard_n square_a nay_o the_o leave_n and_o shade_n may_v do_v your_o cattle_n as_o much_o good_a as_o may_v countervail_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o land_n as_o if_o your_o land_n be_v worth_a 20_o s._n a_o acre_n that_o be_v not_o a_o penny_n a_o yard_n as_o here_o i_o shall_v show_v 160_o rod_n square_a make_v a_o acre_n and_o five_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a square_n be_v a_o rod._n you_o see_v that_o in_o one_o rod_n square_a there_o be_v 30_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n for_o the_o decimal_n fraction_n 25_o be_v ¼_n of_o a_o 100_o or_o thus_o 5_o time_n 5_o be_v 25_o and_o 5_o half_n and_o 5_o half_n make_v 5_o whole_a rod_n and_o a_o half_a and_o a_o half_a make_v but_o ¼_n which_o be_v 30_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n here_o you_o see_v that_o 4840_o the_o yard_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 12_o the_o penny_n 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not_o grow_v of_o cut_n nor_o lay_v well_o they_o be_v bad_a to_o be_v remove_v when_o old_a because_o the_o root_n run_v far_o from_o the_o body_n in_o few_o year_n and_o if_o break_v or_o cut_v off_o they_o will_v not_o ready_o break_v out_o at_o side_n and_o end_n therefore_o remove_v they_o young_a at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n old_a and_o at_o the_o time_n beforesaid_a and_o then_o you_o may_v expect_v glorious_a stately_a tree_n none_o of_o all_o our_o green_a tree_n in_o england_n may_v compare_v with_o they_o prune_n they_o as_o the_o fir_n they_o be_v fine_a to_o set_v round_o a_o garden_n or_o bowling-green_n for_o the_o leave_n will_v not_o do_v any_o harm_n of_o firre-tree_n we_o have_v two_o sort_n they_o be_v easy_o raise_v of_o seed_n sow_v as_o the_o pine_n one_o sort_n will_v grow_v of_o lay_v or_o of_o slip_v set_v about_o bartholomewtide_n but_o than_o you_o must_v cut_v they_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o from_o the_o body_n and_o cut_v that_o stump_n close_o off_o the_o march_n follow_v and_o cut_v all_o other_o bought_n that_o be_v needful_a at_o that_o time_n and_o you_o need_v not_o fear_v hurt_v your_o tree_n though_o my_o french_a curate_n be_v against_o it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o be_v in_o story_n about_o a_o yard_n between_o one_o another_o but_o do_v not_o cut_v their_o end_n as_o some_o do_v neither_o let_v they_o grow_v thick_a on_o a_o heap_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o in_o story_n they_o will_v grow_v taper_n and_o you_o may_v take_v off_o some_o when_o you_o see_v cause_n and_o so_o help_v they_o up_o to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o straight_o as_o a_o arrow_n for_o they_o natural_o grow_v in_o a_o good_a shape_n lay_v the_o clog_n before_o the_o fire_n and_o they_o will_v gape_v so_o may_v you_o take_v out_o the_o seed_n the_o better_a pliny_n call_v one_o sort_n of_o pine_n the_o pinaster_n jonson_n herbal_a pag._n 1350._o chap._n xxix_o of_o raise_v the_o yew_n holly_n box_n juniper_n bayes_n and_o laurel_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o tree_n some_o of_o which_o shed_v their_o leave_n and_o some_o keep_v they_o all_o the_o year_n beside_o those_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o but_o these_o be_v the_o most_o of_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o garden_n i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v they_o the_o yew-tree_n be_v produce_v of_o seed_n rub_v the_o fleshy_a substance_n off_o then_o dry_v they_o and_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a put_v they_o in_o sand_n a_o little_a moist_a in_o a_o pot_n or_o tub_n let_v this_o be_v do_v any_o time_n before_o christmas_n keep_v they_o in_o house_n all_o winter_n and_o under_o some_o north-wall_n abroad_o all_o summer_n the_o spring_n come_v twelvemonth_n after_o you_o put_v they_o in_o sand_n sow_v they_o on_o a_o bed_n the_o ground_n not_o too_o stiff_a keep_v they_o clean_o and_o prick_v they_o out_o of_o that_o bed_n into_o your_o nursery_n when_o they_o have_v stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n there_o you_o may_v bring_v they_o to_o what_o shape_n you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v more_o increase_v holly_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o the_o berry_n as_o the_o yew_n or_o by_o lay_v it_o love_v a_o gravelly-ground_n as_o most_o of_o our_o forrest-greens_a doe_n it_o be_v a_o curious_a tree_n for_o hedge_n and_o will_v grow_v under_o the_o drop_n of_o great_a tree_n it_o well_o deserve_v your_o love_n yet_o be_v somewhat_o ticklish_a to_o remove_v but_o the_o best_a time_n be_v before_o michaelmas_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v stiff_a and_o cold_a mix_v it_o with_o gravel_n but_o no_o dung._n box_n the_o english_a and_o edge_v etc._n etc._n do_v grow_v well_o of_o slip_v set_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n or_o in_o march_n it_o be_v very_o pleasant_a in_o green_a grove_n and_o in_o wilderness_n though_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a smell_n after_o snow_n juniper_n be_v raise_v of_o the_o berry_n it_o be_v ticklish_a 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be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n xxx_o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n your_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v feed_v for_o many_o year_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o your_o common_a pasture-ground_n or_o the_o like_a such_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n good_a be_v the_o best_a the_o next_o be_v your_o meadow-ground_n and_o then_o your_o plough_v land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v of_o soil_n alike_o thus_o i_o prefer_v they_o several_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o but_o i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o these_o few_o as_o namely_o your_o ground_n that_o be_v constant_o feed_v have_v likewise_o constant_o a_o supply_n of_o cattle_n dung_n and_o urine_n with_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n which_o add_v much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o likewise_o your_o pasture-ground_n though_o it_o abound_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o herb_n or_o 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best_o be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v your_o ground_n with_o store_n of_o they_o second_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a then_o set_v in_o good_a store_n of_o the_o cut_n of_o alder_n willow_n sallow_a especial_o the_o two_o last_o on_o any_o ground_n for_o if_o there_o come_v a_o wet_a spring_n or_o a_o moist_a summer_n many_o of_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v good_a under-wood_n if_o set_v as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o 26_o the_o or_o 27_o the_o chapter_n though_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o a_o gravel-bottom_a yet_o they_o will_v thrive_v and_o produce_v good_a shoot_n in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o i_o have_v find_v true_a at_o cashiobury_n etc._n etc._n three_o if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o sow_v seed_n than_o you_o must_v prepare_v your_o ground_n with_o a_o good_a tillage_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o seed_n as_o much_o as_o you_o do_v for_o sow_v of_o barley_n and_o have_v all_o your_o seed_n ready_a prepare_v by_o be_v keep_v some_o time_n in_o a_o house_n till_o 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you_o may_v make_v your_o hole_n square_a if_o you_o please_v see_v figure_n 1_o this_o be_v much_o like_a to_o that_o question_n whether_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n square_n or_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n most_o when_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v they_o be_v both_o alike_o but_o it_o be_v their_o mistake_n for_o ½_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v only_o 6_o inch_n every_o way_n that_o be_v 6_o time_n 6_o be_v 36_o and_o 6_o time_n 36_o be_v 216_o inch_n when_o as_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n be_v the_o half_a of_o a_o cubical_a square_a foot_n the_o number_n be_v 12_o the_o square_a root_n be_v 144_o for_o 12_o time_n 12_o make_v 144_o and_o 12_o time_n 144_o make_v 1728_o the_o cube_n now_o the_o half_a of_o 1728_o be_v 864_o which_o be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a foot_n then_o if_o you_o divide_v 864_o by_o 216_o you_o will_v find_v 4_o for_o the_o quotient_a so_o that_o half_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v but_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o square_a foot_n this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v that_o i_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o every_o countrey-capacity_n now_o if_o you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n after_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n the_o charge_n will_v be_v as_o follow_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a dig_v ground_n you_o may_v have_v 20_o hole_n make_v for_o 12_o d._n two_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a so_o there_o will_v be_v four_o time_n 160_o hole_n which_o be_v 640_o hole_n at_o 20_o for_o 12_o d._n that_o be_v 32_o s._n and_o then_o i_o allow_v for_o every_o hole_n 2_o set_v so_o than_o it_o will_v take_v 1280_o set_v which_o will_v cost_v you_o together_o about_o 4_o d._n the_o 120._o of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o come_v to_o about_o 3_o s._n 6_o d._n then_o for_o every_o hole_n 2_o sallow_a or_o willow_n cut_n 3._o s._n then_o 5_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 6_o s._n and_o then_o key_n and_o seed_n to_o sow_v among_o your_o set_v next_o spring_n 5_o s._n 6_o d._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n make_v holes_n 01_o 12_o 00_o set_v 00_o 03_o 06_o sallow_a truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 00_o 06_o 00_o key_n and_o seed_n 00_o 05_o 06_o whole_a charge_n 02_o 10_o 00_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n plant_v this_o way_n will_v cost_v you_o about_o 2_o l._n 10_o s._n where_o workman_n and_o set_v may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o a_o price_n the_o spring_n after_o i_o advise_v to_o sow_v acorn_n sycamore-keye_n apple_n and_o crab-stampings_a etc._n etc._n let_v this_o sow_v be_v do_v so_o oft_o as_o you_o find_v stamping_n and_o key_n to_o be_v have_v till_o you_o find_v your_o wood_n very_o thick_a i_o do_v sow_v all_o the_o stamping_n of_o apple_n and_o crab_n at_o cashiobury_n among_o our_o young_a wood_n which_o i_o have_v set_v and_o the_o ground_n not_o produce_v a_o strong_a grass_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o come_v up_o thick_a and_o do_v well_o but_o take_v care_v you_o let_v they_o not_o lie_v too_o thick_a long_a for_o if_o you_o do_v the_o 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what_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o may_v be_v which_o do_v i_o but_o know_v your_o ground_n and_o what_o wage_n your_o workman_n in_o such_o place_n have_v for_o one_o day_n work_n i_o can_v then_o do_v more_o exact_o but_o we_o will_v suppose_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v a_o good_a dig_v ground_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v to_o be_v dig_v and_o lay_v up_o for_o 4_o d._n the_o rod-square_a and_o our_o example_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v by_o what_o be_v before_o show_v there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o half_o plough_v and_o that_o half_a plant_v first_o then_o for_o a_o good_a deep_a plough_v of_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n 4_o s._n second_o for_o half_a a_o acre_n of_o ground_n dig_v at_o 4_o d._n the_o rod_n for_o if_o 160_o rod_n make_v one_o acre_n than_o 80_o rod_n be_v half_a a_o acre_n and_o then_o 80_o groat_n for_o the_o dig_v come_v to_o 1_o l._n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n three_o if_o every_o four_o man_n must_v have_v one_o man_n to_o sy_n to_o they_o than_o there_o must_v be_v near_o one_o four_o part_n more_o for_o he_o which_o one_o fourth_z be_v 6_o s._n 8_o d._n four_o if_o we_o allow_v for_o every_o yard_n square_a in_o this_o half_a acre_n one_o good_a set_a beside_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n etc._n etc._n the_o number_n of_o yard_n in_o a_o superficial_a rod_n square_a be_v 30_o and_o ¼_n the_o number_n of_o superficial_a sq_n rod_n in_o one_o acre_n 160._o the_o number_n of_o sq_n yard_n in_o
one_o acre_n or_o 160_o rod_n 4840._o or_o if_o you_o will_v work_v this_o question_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o your_o compass_n set_v one_o point_n on_o one_o extend_v to_o 5_o and_o ½_o the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 5_o and_o ½_o to_o 30_o and_o ¼_n second_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 30_o and_o ¼_n the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 160_o to_o 4840_o thus_o you_o may_v prove_v your_o work_n by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n now_o find_v 4840_o yard_n in_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o for_o every_o yard_n one_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n come_v to_o forty_o groat_n and_o forty_o over_o which_o be_v 13_o s._n 5_o d._n 1_o q._n and_o ⅓_n of_o q._n for_o forty_o groat_n be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n than_o to_o know_v what_o the_o odd_a forty_o come_v to_o the_o rule_n rank_n itself_o thus_o if_o 120_o cost_n 4_o d._n or_o 16_o q._n what_o then_o will_v 40_o cost_n so_o you_o see_v that_o these_o 40_o will_v cost_v 5_o q._n and_o 40_o over_o and_o if_o you_o divide_v this_o 120_o by_o 40_o there_o then_o will_v be_v 3_o in_o the_o quotient_a which_o show_v that_o 40_o be_v ⅓_n of_o 120_o so_o that_o 4840_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n will_v cost_v thirteen_o shilling_n five_o penny_n one_o farthing_n and_o one_o three_o part_n of_o a_o farthing_n for_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n 3_o s._n and_o for_o seed_n 10_o s._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n plough_v 00_o 04_o 00_o digging_z 01_o 06_o 08_o to_o a_o man_n to_o set_v 00_o 06_o 08_o for_o set_v 00_o 13_o 06_o for_o truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o for_o key_n nut_n and_o seed_n 00_o 10_o 00_o whole_a charge_n be_v 03_o 03_o 10_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v some_o way_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n and_o also_o what_o charge_v it_o will_v cost_v you_o though_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o low_a rate_n that_o good_a dig_v ground_n can_v be_v do_v at_o and_o where_o man_n work_v for_o 10_o d._n per_fw-la day_n yet_o if_o you_o love_v plant_n and_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o bad_a ground_n to_o dig_v as_o a_o gravel_n or_o stiff_a clay_n and_o that_o your_o set_v be_v scarce_o or_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v more_o in_o your_o ground_n which_o will_v be_v the_o better_a then_o if_o you_o allow_v as_o much_o more_o to_o each_o acre_n the_o charge_n may_v be_v compute_v according_o and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v great_a there_o be_v more_o way_n to_o plant_v wood_n but_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o best_a or_o thus_o instead_o of_o make_v your_o holes_n round_o you_o may_v make_v they_o a_o long_a square_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v be_v the_o easy_a to_o make_v after_o this_o way_n see_v fig._n 2._o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v i_o hope_v will_v be_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o those_o that_o love_v plant_n of_o wood_n and_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o the_o way_n which_o if_o it_o be_v i_o then_o shall_v be_v well_o satisfy_v for_o my_o design_n be_v a_o general_n more_o than_o a_o particular_a good_n now_o have_v finish_v your_o wood_n take_v care_n to_o keep_v it_o well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o when_o it_o be_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n growth_n than_o fall_v it_o prune_v up_o those_o to_o a_o head_n you_o be_v mind_v to_o leave_v for_o standard_n leave_v half_a as_o many_o more_o as_o need_v to_o stand_v for_o timber-tree_n as_o oak_n ash_n elm_n beech_n etc._n etc._n fell_v the_o rest_n at_o the_o ground_n not_o flat_o off_o but_o well_o slope_v up_o and_o if_o you_o have_v poplar_n abele_n cherry_n elm_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v spring_v much_o from_o the_o root_n and_o thicken_v your_o wood_n if_o not_o set_z some_z in_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o plant_v young_a hedge_n and_o how_o to_o improve_v and_o keep_v old_a hedge_n there_o be_v and_o may_v be_v make_v many_o sort_n of_o hedge_n of_o one_o particular_a sort_n of_o wood_n alone_o some_o for_o ornament_n only_o some_o for_o ornament_n and_o profit_n and_o some_o for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o a_o fence_n juniper_n i_o take_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a for_o to_o make_v a_o low_a hedge_n of_o any_o plant_n or_o tree_n we_o have_v grow_v in_o england_n for_o it_o grow_v natural_o very_o thick_a be_v a_o slow_a grower_n and_o have_v always_o a_o fine_a fresh_a green_a colour_n and_o the_o severe_a of_o our_o hard_a winter_n will_v not_o make_v it_o change_v his_o countenance_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v something_o ticklish_a to_o be_v remove_v for_o its_o being_n not_o use_v to_o stir_v far_o from_o home_n make_v it_o many_o time_n lose_v its_o way_n and_o its_o life_n too_o if_o lead_v far_o from_o its_o native_a place_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n or_o by_o a_o ignorant_a guide_n and_o put_v into_o such_o a_o habitation_n as_o be_v not_o suitable_a for_o it_o to_o live_v in_o i_o have_v with_o good_a success_n remove_v it_o above_o thirty_o mile_n namely_o from_o beyond_o cashiobury_n to_o little-hadham_a there_o i_o make_v my_o ground_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o stiff_a clay_n by_o mix_v it_o well_o with_o gravel_n and_o sand_n i_o remove_v it_o a_o little_a after_o bartholomewtide_n and_o i_o do_v not_o lose_v one_o plant_v in_o ten_o but_o they_o do_v flourish_v in_o two_o little_a hedge_n most_o gallant_o i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o most_o healthful_a aromatic_a seed_n which_o it_o bear_v nor_o of_o the_o use_n of_o this_o cedar_n but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v further_o satisfy_v see_v esquire_n evelin_n discourse_v of_o forrest-tree_n or_o any_o herbal_a i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o raise_v any_o of_o it_o of_o seed_n but_o i_o be_o now_o make_v a_o trial_n which_o if_o they_o once_o come_v to_o endure_v remove_v while_o young_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o then_o they_o will_v be_v better_a to_o remove_v when_o old_a holly_n make_v a_o most_o stately_a and_o beautiful_a hedge_n and_o have_v we_o but_o store_n of_o the_o white-berried_n holly_n to_o mix_v in_o the_o hedge_n with_o the_o red_a it_o will_v make_v it_o the_o more_o ornamental_a it_o be_v ground_n that_o it_o most_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o be_v dry_a and_o gravelly_a see_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o holly_n or_o have_v we_o but_o store_n of_o the_o strip_v to_o make_v hedge_n with_o it_o will_v be_v very_o noble_a indeed_o hornbeam_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o good_a shape_n for_o a_o high_a hedge_n and_o very_o thick_a even_o to_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v alone_o one_o of_o the_o very_o best_a homebred_a natural_a forrest-tree_n that_o shed_v the_o leaf_n to_o make_v a_o hedge_n of_o and_o be_v senceable_a unless_o against_o the_o rude_a sort_n of_o cattle_n box_n make_v a_o good_a hedge_n and_o last_a i_o mean_v the_o english_a though_o the_o other_o be_v pretty_a for_o hedge_n both_o the_o gild_a and_o the_o dwarf_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o name_n or_o to_o discourse_v of_o among_o forrest-tree_n i_o shall_v only_o name_v they_o and_o many_o other_o sort_n and_o so_o pass_v forward_o laurel_n as_o we_o call_v it_o or_o bay-cherry_n make_v a_o good_a hedge_n and_o if_o well_o keep_v very_o fine_a standard_n hard_a winter_n do_v pierce_v it_o on_o some_o ground_n but_o on_o most_o it_o be_v durable_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o increase_v and_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o most_o ground_n keep_v it_o but_o down_o and_o it_o will_v grow_v strong_a below_o and_o thick_a and_o then_o make_v a_o very_a fine_a hedge_n arbutus_fw-la or_o strawberry-tree_n be_v a_o curious_a plant_n for_o a_o hedge_n only_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a especial_o while_o young_a for_o the_o leave_n be_v constant_a while_o life_n last_v and_o of_o a_o fair_a green_n fine_o dent_v about_o the_o edge_n and_o its_o pretty_a white_a flower_n in_o summer_n with_o its_o strawberry_n on_o the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n all_o together_o add_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o grace_n to_o this_o plant._n cypress_n will_v make_v fine_a hedge_n but_o for_o two_o fault_n for_o first_o in_o in_o some_o ground_n it_o be_v tender_a and_o will_v not_o abide_v our_o hard_a winter_n and_o second_o it_o do_v not_o love_n to_o be_v head_v for_o that_o make_v it_o still_o more_o tender_a cut_v it_o not_o late_o in_o summer_n mezereon_o or_o dwarf-bay_n both_o the_o red_a and_o white_a together_o make_v a_o pretty_a low_a hedge_n and_o show_v very_o beautiful_o early_a in_o the_o spring_n alaternus_n or_o ever_o green_a privet_fw-la make_v a_o fine_a thick_a green_a hedge_n it_o will_v be_v support_v with_o a_o frame_n especial_o while_o it_o be_v young_a pyracantha_n or_o prickly_a coral_n make_v a_o good_a thick_a
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o 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the_o oak_n you_o need_v not_o much_o fear_n its_o grow_a top-heavy_a for_o it_o have_v such_o a_o thick_a bark_n the_o sap_n be_v subject_a to_o lodge_v in_o it_o and_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n and_o the_o root_n apt_a to_o break_v out_o with_o sucker_n the_o more_o when_o prune_v therefore_o prune_v it_o up_o high_a and_o often_o but_o let_v the_o season_n be_v february_n for_o then_o its_o fine_a dark_a green-coloured_n leaf_n and_o long_o hang_v on_o it_o be_v the_o more_o ornamental_a and_o fit_a for_o walk_n as_o for_o the_o way_n to_o increase_v it_o from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o seven_o chapter_n which_o will_v show_v you_o full_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o observe_v but_o they_o rule_n you_o may_v raise_v many_o fine_a young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o much_o better_a than_o natural_o they_o will_v be_v produce_v from_o the_o root_n i_o advise_v you_o where_o you_o find_v your_o ground_n natural_a 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pleasure_n to_o his_o king_n chap._n xii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o ash_n and_o as_o for_o raise_v the_o ash_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o same_o rule_n as_o i_o do_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a honourable_a person_n the_o same_o time_n before_o the_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n be_v write_v let_v your_o key_n be_v through_o ripe_a which_o will_v be_v about_o the_o middle_n or_o end_n of_o october_n or_o november_n when_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o lay_v they_o thin_a to_o dry_v but_o gather_v they_o off_o from_o a_o young_a straight_a thrive_a tree_n my_o reason_n to_o gather_v they_o off_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v because_o there_o will_v the_o key_n or_o seed_n in_o the_o key_n be_v the_o large_a and_o solider_fw-la therefore_o by_o consequence_n they_o be_v the_o able_a to_o shoot_v the_o strong_a and_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o the_o better_a and_o long_o though_o i_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o seed_n of_o some_o old_a plant_n will_v come_v up_o 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come_v twelve_o month_n before_o they_o appear_v if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o very_a subject_n to_o great_a weed_n you_o may_v sow_v they_o with_o oat_n if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o make_v a_o wood_n of_o it_o and_o in_o your_o wood_n on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n but_o if_o they_o be_v prepare_v beforehand_o they_o will_v be_v much_o more_o certain_a of_o grow_v therefore_o if_o you_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o raise_v good_a store_n of_o they_o for_o to_o make_v walk_n or_o furnish_v your_o wood_n with_o etc._n etc._n have_v gather_v your_o key_n and_o order_v they_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a prepare_v some_o sift_v earth_n or_o sand_n which_o be_v better_o by_o keep_v a_o equal_a warmth_n and_o moisture_n to_o prepare_v they_o for_o spear_v have_v prepare_v your_o sand_n and_o a_o house_n to_o lay_v they_o in_o where_o the_o air_n may_v free_o come_v then_o in_o this_o house_n lay_v one_o lay_v of_o sand_n and_o a_o lay_v of_o key_n part_v your_o key_n well_o so_o do_v till_o 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