as are very tender till the next Month where thick or intangled Branches appear that may any ways gaul or fret or keep out the Air and Sun make them thinner by taking off some as the Tree will bear it Begin to trim and nail your Espaliers and Wall trees rub off the Moss from Trees the Weather being open or moist prepare your Scions for grafting whilst the Buds or Supports are not yet come and towards the end of this Month the Weather being open graft Cherrier Pears or Plumbs Remove Stocks proceeding from Kernels to advantageous Places either in your Nursery or where you intend they shall stand to be grafted taking off the part of the Tops and Roots sharpen and prepare your Tools for the Work of the succeeding Months Fruits in their full Virtue and still continuing Pears The Winter Norwich very good to bake thâ— Great Surreiâ— the Winter Musk the Winter Bon Chrâ—flein and Winter-bergomot Wall-fruit c. Apples The Winter Queening Harvey-apple Pomâ—water Marrigold Kentish pippin Golden-pippin Russeâ—-pippin French-pippin John-apple Pome-roy Goldeâ— drucet Reniting Winter-pearmain Loons-pearmain aâ—â— some others that are with good keeping well secureâ— from the Violence of the Frost and exclude all Rotting as the Redstreak the Puffin the Wilding the Gilliflower apple c. Pisces ♓ FEBRUARY IN this Month prune Vines and other Fruit-trees bind nail plash and dress especially Wall-Fruit sucâ— as are tender for now the greatest Danger of the Frosâ— hurting them is in a manner over and finish this Worâ— before the Bearers and Buds swell however in Nectâ—rines and other choice Fruit it may be omitted till thâ— next Month especially if the Weather be very cold Bind the colateral Branches to put the Wall-trees in 〈◊〉 good shape but strain them not too roughly or unnâ—turally for that hinders the Sap in its free Motion anâ— in this and well pruning lies one Master-piece of a Gaâ—dener as to these Particulars The Grafts of former Years Grafting may be now râ—moved lay and cut Quick-set trim up your Espaliers and the Hedges of your Palisadoes and hitherto you may set the Vines and divers Sorts of Shrubs Kernels or Stones of Fruit are proper now to be set or sowed This is a proper Month for the Circumposition by Baskets or Tubs of Earth and such Branches as you would leave to take Root may be now layed in the Earth Moss your Fruit-trees and apply Remedies for Canâ—ers as cutting them out and laying on a Plaister of â—idgeons dung Tar and sweet Butter Drain your Orchard and rid it of the Wet that lies sapping at the Roots of the Trees either Proceeding from Rain melted Snow or Springs Cast good Earth â—out the Roots of the Trees cover those that were â—id bare prune off the Webs of Caterpillars hanging on the Twigs or Branches After Rain pick up Worms and Sug-snails and destroy them by putting them into hot Water or Lime About the middle till the latter End of this Month it may be very proper to graft in the Cleft and this necessary Work may be held on till the End of March especially Pears Plumbs Apples Cherries and it is best done in the New and Old Moon Fruits in their full Virtue and still continuing Pears The Winter Poppering the Winter Bon-chrestein the Little Dagobert the Warden Apples The Reniting the Loâ—ns Pearmain the Kenâ—ish Kirton the Holland Pippin the Winter Queening the Harvy-apple the Golden Doucet the Pome Roy the Russet-pippin Aries or the Ram. MARCH YOU may yet dung your Orchard and plant Trees that remain yet unset tho it had been better done in the last Month unless in moist cold Places that are very backward This whole Month you may Graft first with Peaâ—â— in the beginning and so conclude it with Apples unlessâ— it be in an extraordinary forward Spring wherein the Trees put very early out both Leafs and Blossoms Nectarines and Peach-trees may successfully be planted but forbear to take off the Top of the Root as of other Trees is proper by Reason it will endanger their taking Root at all or at least hinder their Growth and Thriving Cut off the Tops of your budded Stocks anâ— prune Grafts of the last Year Uncover your Seed oâ— Kernel-beds or if the Weather be cold or much weâ— refrain it till April Stir the new planted Ground anâ— well lay and order it Cover Tree-roots that have continued bare since Autumn and cut your Quick-sets trim your Fruit in the Fruit-lofts but open not the Windows lest too great 〈◊〉 Confluence of Air putrifie and cause them to rot Fruits still Lasting and in their Virtue Pears The Double Blossom Pear the Bon Chrestien Apples The Winter Pearmain the Golden Doucet 〈◊〉 Loons Pearmain the Pippin the Reineting Taurus ♉ or the Bull. APRIL KEEP your Orchard free from Weeds water Treeâ— where they are upon a dry Ground but ever dâ— this at a distance that the Water may soak leisurely 〈◊〉 the Roots Hang well betimes such Borders as yoâ— Wall-fruit stands in and refresh the Ground with Conâ—post set no Flowers there that they may not hindeâ— their stirring the Ground keep Weeds clear as alsâ— Worms and Snails only the Outverges you may adoâ—â— with a Border of Pinks or any pleasant Thing that â—ows low and will not shadow the Heat of the Sun â—om the Root of the Tree and you may sprinkle the â—st with Salleting but when they begin to run to Seed 〈◊〉 aspire Pluck them up Roots and all or as soon as â—hey are fit for young and tender Salleting Graft by â—pproach Oranges Lemmons Pomegranades c. Fruits still Lasting and in full Virtue Pearâ— The Oak-pear the Bon-Chrestien the Double Blossom the Rowling-pear Apples The Deux-ans Pippins Flat Leinet Westbury Apple Gilliflower Gemini ♊ or the Twins MAY. THIS Month as to Matters in the Affairs of Orcharding in a manner gives the Arborists rest only be careful to keep under the Weeds spread and bind down the Branches and Arbours and clip such Trees as require it for a Pleasantness and Shape Bring the Orange-trees out of the Conservatory at such Times as you see the Mulberry-tree put sorth and open its Leafs let the Weather be what it will for that is an Infallible Rule for the proper Season to Transplant and remove them but do it with Care drawing the Tree out with competent Mould sticking to it when you have well loosed it from the sides of the case and so with better ease place it in another filled with Earth taking up the first half split just under the Turf of the richest Pasture Ground in a place that has been well fothered and take rotten Cow-dung one part and mix with this or at least very mellow Soil well skreened or sifted and if this proves too stiff sift a little Loam in it or a little Lime with the small rotten Sticks of Willows then cut the two extravagant or thick Roots a little 〈◊〉 the Bottom and set the Plant but
Heads or Bending of Cross-bows with a Diamond and a Square at the midst of it and other Flourishes to fill up the Vacancies of the Angels and Bends The Interwoven or Knotâ— flourished Diamond the Oval the Maze or Labyrinth's and many more which in Words cannot be well expressed but rather require Figures being far more obviouâ— to the Eye than to the Ear and of which I shall have more occasion to speak of when I come to Treat of Choice Flowers c. and therefore at present I shaâ—â— proceed to other Matters Further Directions for the well ordering this kind of Garden in many material Particulars in its Sight and Furnishing it with Herbs Plants c. AS for the Quantity of a Plat of Ground to make a Suitable Garden there can be no particular Rules given but every one may take such a Proportion of Ground as conveniency will admit But let me caution all not to undertake more than can be well looked after with Hands enough for the well Management of Things in their proper Seasons for a small Plat of Ground well ordered turns to greater Advantage than a large one neglected or that upon sundry Occasions cannot be so well compassed in due time for if the Weeds get the Mastery for want of Hands to rid them it will not be easie to root them out Also watering a large Garden in droughty Weather requires much Time and Pains and therefore my Opinion is That one of a moderate Quantity of good Ground is to be preferred and may produce a sufficiency of Herbs and Roots for use and a supply for the Market But to come nearer to the intended Purpose Herbs are of two Sorts one for Scent and pleasant Prospect the other for Food and therefore it is proper they be sowed or planted separate and not too much mingled together to hinder each others Growth by the â—ers over Topping and shadowing the lesser and before the Garden for Flowers and curious Herbs â—t to be separated from the Kitchen-Garden by some â—inction tho' one Plat of Ground may contain them 〈◊〉 because your Garden-flowers will not only suffer grace but he annoyed if among them you sow Oniâ— Lettice Carrots Parsnips and the like which â—wn in their due Season must moreover leave Roughâ— and Deformity on the Earth and if not set at a conâ—ent distance take up the Roots of the Flowers 〈◊〉 them and make a Confusion and Disorder where â—â—er and Comeliness should be Besides the Times of â—â—ng and ordering them are various and the Ground 〈◊〉 much stirred for the Planting the one injures the 〈◊〉 other Cabbages Colliflowers Colworts and the â—t making great shadows to keep out the Sun-beams â—sparagus and the like run its Root much spreading â—hich drawing up brings away with it those lesser â—ants and Flowers it has undermined or entangled And â—o many other Things in their fading Time are to be â—â—n and others planted in their steads And in the â—itchen-Garden you need not be at the trouble to raise 〈◊〉 Beds so high as in the Summer-Garden yet it is reâ—â—site you leave Alleys to go between for the Advantage â—f Weeding and gathering what is necessary in due Seaâ—â—n without treading on or any ways Bruising what reâ—â—ins for these Kind of Herbs and Roots will go deeper 〈◊〉 the Ground as requiring more wet than the other 〈◊〉 will better endure it Yet here you must observe to place your Herbs of the biggest Growth by themselves â—â—at all may have a proportion of the Sun's Heat and the â—â—eeness of the Air to make them thrive and come kindly on for use setting the biggest in the out Parts of â—quares or Borders and the lowest in the middle The several Growths of Herbs and Plants distinguished 〈◊〉 know the better how to place them THO' Garden Herbs Flowers c. are various aâ—â— very numerous it in some Measure they may 〈◊〉 divided into two Sorts and briefly thus Of the Tallest Growth are Angelica Fennel Tansie Holly-Hocks Elecampaâ— Loveage Succory Lillies French Poppy Endine Freâ— Mallows Clary and such like Of the Middle Growth are Alexander Cardus benedictus Langdibief Occuâ— Christi Aniseeds Coriander Featherfew Wall-flowers Gilliflowers Bugloss Parsley Marigolds Beets Bâ—â—rage Lavender Camfry and the like Of the Smaller Growth are Tansie Hearts-ease Marjorum Savory Leeks Chiveâ— Chibals Liquorice Strawberries Hysop Peniroyal Scuâ—vy-grass Time Wood-sorrel and many others too â—dious here to enumerate and therefore I have given theâ— as a Taste and many others will follow in their dâ—â— Place In the most Sunny places of your Garden place the teâ—derest Plants or such as you would have forward observing to keep them as warm as their Nature requireâ— either with Soil or Covering when sharp Winds are abroad the Weather is Nipping or that Blites or Blaâ— are expected â—â—ry sorts of useful Herbs their Encrease well Ordering and Preserving c. â—T will not be convenient that I give Instructions for the 〈◊〉 well Ordering and Renewing Herbs c. proper for 〈◊〉 Kitchen-Garden And of these in Order Angelica is renewed with the Seed which it bears in â—â—ty the second Year and then fades You may reâ—â—e the Roots the first Year And then in this manâ— you may use Alexanders Aniseeds make their Growth the first Year and bear â—ch Seed by which they must be renewed the next 〈◊〉 also Coriander Borrage and Bugloss are wholesome Pot-herbs and â—â—â—y Cordial Herbs otherwise used They are also reâ—ewed by Seed Camomile will easily grow being set of divided Roots 〈◊〉 Banks not too moist and the more it is pressed the â—uer it will thrive Chibals or Chives part in the Root like Lillies and â—â—st be renewed by transplanting the smaller Roots every â—d or fourth Year Clary is produced of the Seed and Seeds every second Year coast-Coast-root parted may be set in March and then it will â—ar the second Year Elecampane and Lovage are long lasting they Seed â—early and in transplanting you may divide the Roots Endive Succory and Fennel divide the Roots and you â—ay remove them before they put forth their shanks Featherfew encreases by shedding its Seed without â—owing Hysop may be set by slips or young Roots and is long â—asting growing indifferently in most Grounds Leeks seed the second Year unremoved yet unless â—ou then remove them they die Lavender Spike is proper to be removed every Seven 〈◊〉 Eight Years Slips twined of these as also Hysop and Sage take Root if set warm at Michaelmas White Lavender must be sooner removed or transplanted Lettice Seeds the first Year and dies yet you may transplant them for Winter-Lettice and prevent their runniâ— to Seed Mallows French or Jagged Seed the First or Secoâ—â— Year Sow them in March Marigolds are usually produced of Seeds and you mâ—â— transplant them when two Inches grown Occulus Christi Seeds and dies the first Year Parsly is sown of Seed the first Year and Seeds the Seconâ— Penyroyal or Pudding-Grass lasts long spreading dâ—â—
it â—ill sink then at about two Foot distance put in the â—ants and in such a Bed you may plant three or four â—ows and in Time they will extend themselves throughâ—t the whole Bed Let them take good Root before you cut them that the â—oots may grow as strong and large and not be stunted 〈◊〉 stubbed with unseasonable cutting the small ones you â—ay leave that the Roots may grow bigger permitting â—ose that spring up at the end of the Season to run up 〈◊〉 Seed which will turn to good Advantage At the beginning of the Winter when you have cut up the â—alks cover the Beds 4 or 5 Fingers thick with good â—ould mixed with good new House-dung which will â—eserve the Roots from the Frost and about the middle â—f March if the hard Frosts are over uncover the Beds â—d spread good fresh Mould over them about two Finâ—ers thick or somewhat more and lay the Dung in the â—lleys or some place near them that it may rot and be 〈◊〉 a Readiness to renew them when Occasion requires it If you take the Asparagus Root about the beginning of â—anuary and plant them in a hot Bed with good Deâ—ces from the Frost the Weather being open and the â—n any thing warm you may have Asparagus at Candleâ—s when yon cut the Asparagus remove a little of the Earth from about the Bottom and cut as near the Rooâ— as you can but beware you do not cut or wound thosâ— that are peeping up or not yet appearing above the Earth Colliflowers take a due Place in this Garden and oâ— these you may either sow the Seeds in August and carefully preserve them from the Injuries of Winter or yoâ— may raise them on your Leaf Beds in the Spring and remove the young Plants when they have differeâ— large Leaves into good Ground prepared for the Puâ—pose But the approved way is to dig small Pits aâ— fill them with good light Mould and therein plant yâ— Colliflowers which you must take care to water espeâ—ally in dry Seasons Cabbages are another great Advantage and these arâ— of several Colours and Forms tho' in this Place I shaâ— take Notice of the ordinary Country Cabbage only anâ— of others elsewhere Sow the Seed at any convenient Time between Midsummer and Michaelmas so that growing up whilst thâ— Weather is warm it may gain strength to defend itseâ— against the violence of the Winter which is howeveâ— many times too sharp for them or you may raise theâ— on hot Beds in the Spring Transplant them in April 〈◊〉 to well stirred and good rich Mould and to have theâ— large it must be warm and light Soil and they mâ— daily be watered till they have taken good Root thâ— ordinary Ground well digged and manured will prâ—duce Store The Seed you reserve must be of the beâ— Cabbages placed during the Winter low in the Ground to preserve them from the sharp Winds and Frosts coâ— them with earthen Pots and warm Soil over the Poâ— and when the Spring comes plant them forth Savoys are a kind of Cabbages tho' not coming to tâ— Firmness and Magnitude of the other yet are sweeâ— and earlier than the common Cabbage and this may planted and raised as the other also may the small Dâ— Cabbage and the long loose Cabbage of a Musky Scâ— are the sweetest of all others Pumpions or Pumkins are very useful in many cases â—d to raise them plant the Seed first in good Mould in warm Place and when they are fairly risen transplant â—m into a Dung-bed made to that End and now and â—en water them with Water wherein Pidgeons Dung 〈◊〉 been steeped and then about Blossoming-time take â—y all the By-shoots leaving one or two main Vines 〈◊〉 Runners and beware not to hurt the Heads of them 〈◊〉 this small Weed as I may term it will produce â—it of a prodigious Bigness â—ettice cannot be omitted in this Garden as being an â—llent cooling Sallad raw or boiled and is easily raiâ— of the Seed growing in any tollerable good Ground 〈◊〉 you have a Desire to have them white or as the â—h term it to blanch them then when they are headâ— and begin to Cabbage bind them about in a fair Day â—en the Dew is off them with Straws or raw Hemp â—er the Plants with small earthen Pots and lay some 〈◊〉 on them and so they will become white Beats are of singular use being a very wholesome Potâ—b they must be sowed and then transplanted into a 〈◊〉 Soil they are usually sown in the Spring and the â—ots left in the Ground will produce fresh Leaves any Years 〈◊〉 Beds how to prepare and fit them for such Things as require to be set in them WHere the Ground in Garden-plats is naturally cold Art must be used to callify or heat it lest in setâ—g or sowing many Plants or Seeds you lose your Labour â—arges and what is more vexatious your Expectation â—f the Land be of a light and warm Nature of itself â—re is required no more than common House-dung or â—w-dung to be mixed with the Mould in Trenching and â—ging and that will sufficiently enrich it But where Mould inclines to a cold Clay or a Ground â—'s stubborn or stiff mingle some light Sand with it or at least some light and very fertile Mould and make 〈◊〉 Laystall of Dung with this Compost in some convenienâ— Place let it lie and rot the better to mingle it a wholâ— Winter and in the Spring it will prove good warm Mâ—nure to cherish and enliven the Roots of your Plants aâ— make warm Beds by mixing it with a good Quantity 〈◊〉 tho Natural Soil and the best of this kind is Sheeps dungâ— that of Pidgeons or Poultry When you have made a Bed manured with this Duâ— well mixed with the Soil to the depth of a Spades graâ— or more rake it over as even as may be with an Iron raâ— and the Mould and Dung being made fine you may soâ— your Seeds thereon as Mellons Cucumbers Onions Leeâ— or the like but the two former separate from the lattâ— then take them in as even distance os you can for of thâ— first two a few Seeds are sufficient then put fine fâ— Mould in a very wide Sieve and riddle it over the Seeâ— about an Inch or more and the Product willl answer If you must chuse a Plat of Ground necessity so â—ing there being no other to be had where the bleâ— Winds power to beat upon it notwithstanding all the caâ— of Fencing c. Then lay your Ground up in Ridges 〈◊〉 Foot or two in height somewhat upright on the back 〈◊〉 North-side and more sloping or shelving to the Soutâ—ward and it may be laid about three or four Foot broâ— on that side you sow especially tender Seeds and oâ— Bank lying behind another the Ground that rises will keâ— off the bleak and nipping Winds so that they will in 〈◊〉 great measure fly over the tender Plants new sprouting 〈◊〉
the Fishes FEBRUARY Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month THIS Month sow Beans Pease Rouncevals Marigolds Corn Salleting Radishes Parsnips Anniseeds Garlick Onions Carrots Plant forth your Cabbages also Potatoes which may be set in some Corner in the worst of your Ground sow Parsley Spinage and hardy Potherbs that will endure the Weather Still plant Colliflowers to have them early make a beginning of your hot Beds for choice Plants as Cucumbers Mellons to be sowed in the Full of the Moon but rely not altogether on them Sow Asparagus c. Things of the last Month are yet in Season and indeed most Winter Roots and Plants continue the Winter-months except spoiled by excessive Rains melting of Snow-water or violent Extremity of Frosts which however rarely fall out in all Gardens and may be prevented Aries ♈ or the Ram. MARCH Things necessary to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. THIS Month dung and trench well your Ground where it is required and it is the most proper and chiefest season for raising hot Beds for Gourds Mellons Cucumbers c. which about the sixth eighth or tenth Day will be in a good liking to receive the Seeds prick them forth at a distance according to a true Method If you design them later ten or twelve Days after the first begin again and proceed to the like a third Time ever remembring to keep your hot Beds as much as may be from showers the Dropping of Trees or Eaves of Houses for if the Heat be too violent you may easily cool them but not ad◠Heat when once spent without new making up again Slip and set Lavender Sage Thyme Rosemary and other lasting Herbs Shrubs c. Sow in the beginnning of this Month Endive Leeks Radish Succory Peets Chard Beet Parsnips Skerrers the latter in fresh Earth that is rich and mellow when pretty moist place but one Root in a Hole keeping a Foot distance between them You may now sow Sorrel Parsley Bugloss Charvil Borage Sallery Small-age Alexander c. and several of these will continue many Years without renewing and most of them may be blanched by earthing up and laying on Litter over them Sow like Onions Garlick Orach Purslain Turnips to have early Monthly Pease c. Transplant Beer-Ghard sowed in August and the Chards will be very large Sow Cresses Fennel Marjorum Carrots Cabbages Basil c. But whatever of these sorts you plant or sow be not very hasty in Watering them nor too much by reason it will close and harden the Ground therefore in Watering do it not with too great a stream but rather labour to imitate the Fall of moderate showers About the middle of this Month dress up and string the Strawberry-beds uncover Asparagus loosning and spreading the Mould about them the better to give them ease in penetrating And now you may transplant their Roots to furnish new Beds Stake and bind up your weakest Herbs and Plants against the Violence of Winds that usually happen in this Month. Sow Lapins and such seeds as the spring requires to bring forward and keep all Weeds down as low as may be see to the Repairing the Banks or Borders in Alleys or Walks and secure your seeds newly sown from Birds or Insects Taurus ♉ or the Bull. APRIL Things necessary to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. THis Month about the beginning sow sweet Marjorum Hysop Thyme Scurvy Grass Basil Winter-savory and indeed all tender seeds that are desirous of hot Beds All sweet Herbs require to be stirred up and new moulded that they may then well take fresh Root Sow Purslane Colliflowers Lettice Radish and the like You may sow Carrots and Radish together in one Bed but so that one may be drawn before the other is much advanced also Lettice Purslane Parsnip and Carrots on the Ground where the Plat is small then you must consider to take each in its proper Season so that one may not incumber the other tho' it wou'd be more advantageous to change the Ground for Parsnips and Carrots now and then Plant Artichoak slips sow Turnips to have them early and set French-beans As yet you may slip Lavender Sage Penniroyal Rosemary c. and the more you clip them the better they will thrive and continue the longer without Transplanting especially Sage so served in Spring and Autumn To have very good Salleting all the Year plant Purslane Lettice Radish c. in Summer on very rich Ground and in Winter and Spring in hot Beds well covered and as soon as their Leaves open to the breadth of your Thumb-nail draw them up by the Roots and so continue sowing them Monthly About the middle of the Month you may make a Beginning to plant forth Mellons also Cucumbers and this you may continue to the end of the Month. After a warm spring or summer showers look for Snails and Worms and as well as may be clear your Garden of them Set Lupins carpet Walks and ply Weeding and speedily take way hoe or pull up lest the Weeds c. take Root again and prove injurious to the Ground for by the Cleanness of a Garden from Weeds and all such like destructive Incumbrances not only the Industry and Proficiency of the Gardener is proved even to such as make but Visits but also great Commodities arise thereby for a Garden once well cleared in the Spring saves much Labour in Summer Gemini ♊ or the Twins MAY Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month THis Month sow Marjorum Thyme and other hot and Aromatick-herbs and such as are the most tender Sow Purslane Lettice to have them large-sized and cabbaged painted Beans c. Now take care of your Mellons and towards the end of this Month give over to cover them any longer on Ridges with Mattrasses or straw c. continue Weeding and suffer not any to remain and run to seed that by the scattering of it the Garden may be the more incumbered to your Prejudice and Labour that might have been saved at once You may also now sift fine cooling Mould about the Boots of your hot Plants and Herbs which will greatly refresh them but so that it may not be strewed on the Leaves to hinder their growth by soiling them when showers fall or in your Watering As for Watering as I have said do it at the Root some distance that it may leisurely soak in round about to the Fibres c. Cancer ♋ or the Crab. JUNE Things to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. SOw Charvil Radish Lettice and the like and oth◠Things for young and tender Salleting Gath◠such sweet-herbs as you intend to dry and keep for you several uses which may be done for the whole Year by laying them not too thin but upon moderate heaps which you may move and turn till they are tollerable dry but not Brittle and this is to be done with as much Expedition as may be and for their
be in plain Ground laying â—ot so low as the wet and dampness may too much inâ—st it nor so high as to lye lyable to too much dryness â—â—e injury of Storms or sharp Air to â—nâ—p the tender â—ranches and Buds high Grounds are not naturally â—ertile and if they be Manured with Dung the Rains 〈◊〉 a little time wash down the futness and leave them â—â—or so that the one part will have overmuch and â—e other grow steril for want of it and it will be convenient it be sheltered with wild Trees round tâ— Verges of a good growth if possible that they mâ—â— break the turbulent Wind especially the S uth-Weâ—â— and North-West Winds which are usually violent March and September when the Air is free from eâ—tream Heat or Colds and a fitter place cannot be châ—sen for an Orchard if it may be done than on a cuâ—ous Level by a River-side or some pleasant Brook 〈◊〉 too near a Marsh or Moory Ground whence frequenâ— Fogs and Mists arise which hinder the growth of tâ— Plants and much injure them by ingendering poysonoâ— or infectious Air at certain Seasons The Suns long lying on the Trees greatly refresh aâ— enliven them in Winter as well as Summer let it 〈◊〉 therefore so chosen that it may not be destitute of 〈◊〉 Morning and Evening Sun at any time when it shinâ— and this appears by such Trees as are placed againâ— Walls where the refracted Beams give a greater heat make them Blossom and Leaf very early and to spreâ— their Branches so Luxurant that they require very ofâ— cutting or they take up so much Sap as not only hindâ—â— the Fruit in growth but in kindly ripening as shall more plainly shewed in the Progress of this necessaâ— Work CHAP. II. Which Soil is most fit for an Orchard anâ— the ordering it in that Kind WHEN you have found a proper and commoâ—ous Site for Planting of Fruit-Trees then â—quire into the Nature of the Soil and though Fruâ—â— Trees will grow in almost all Soils yet they will â—bundantly better thrive in one sort than in another fâ— Apple Pear red and white Plumb Philberd Da◠〈◊〉 Bully Barbery and the like require a black fat â—ellow and clean tempered Soil wherein they may â—ther plenty of good Sap. The Soil may be bettered by digging breaking and â—ell melting being cast up or laid level which with 〈◊〉 little Dung destroys those Weeds that are Enemies to â—ants If the Ground be much over-grown with Weeds 〈◊〉 subject to any Incumbrances of the like Nature than â—re up the Surface with the Root of them lay them in â—aps to dry with a hollowness underneath like an Oven 〈◊〉 Furnace and when by turning the Air and Sun have â—ssed on them that they are pretty dry put Fuel aâ—ongst them and burn the Weeds and Earth then â—eak the Cumbers and scatter them with the Ashes oâ—r the Ground and they will prove good Manure then â—rinkle a small sprinkling of Sea-cole-ashes or unslacked â—me and when the Rain has pretty well soaked them 〈◊〉 dig up the Ground and Trench it with a little Dung â—d if it be indifferent good Soil it will be excellent for 〈◊〉 Production of Fruit-trees and if your Orchard be â—bject to dryness in extream Droughts it will be very â—vantagious if it so lye that by Sluces you can overâ—w it with Water twice in the Summer and let the â—â—ter pass over it twenty four Hours and then draw it 〈◊〉 and fine Grass growing in an Orchard keeps the â—ound very moist but let it not grow thick about the â—ots of the Trees lest it breeds Mots shelter Vermine â—inâ—ure them or they be prejudiced by keeping the heat 〈◊〉 the Sun from them for the Sun's coming to the Roots â—n enlivener of the Tree It is not proper to dig very â—r Fruit-trees that are well grown unless by a careful 〈◊〉 skilful Hand for fear of cutting or wounding the â—ots that spread in the Ground which often makes the â—ees languish abate of their growth and yield less Fruit. The Crust of the Earth tempered with Heat Cold 〈◊〉 Moisture is a great helper to Trees for in that â—y chiefly spread their Roots especially those parts â—t mostly suck in and set up the Sap and this is in some Soil Eighteen Inches and in others less for low the Ground is not so fertile CHAP. III. Quantity of Ground and Shape manner Fencing and other Matters tending to tâ— preservation of your Orchard AS for the quantity of Ground to be employed 〈◊〉 an Orchard I account the larger the better for 〈◊〉 Trees growing up fence each other and if the Vergeâ— blasted the rest are frequently sheltered as well from as the Winds shaking down the Fruit when ripe 〈◊〉 hurting the Trees when young by losening their Roâ— but the proportion of Ground I cannot limit becaâ— it must be according to Conveniency the Planter's Aâ—lity or Pleasure and in the same Manner I musâ— general leave the Form to his Discretion for that whâ— pleases one another dislikes some Round some Squâ— some Triangular others Long and indeed Plats 〈◊〉 Grounds cannot be every where exactly chosen but 〈◊〉 must be contrived as they fall out to the best Advâ—tage As for Fencing in this you must be diligent as 〈◊〉 to preserve your Fruit from Thieves as Trees frâ— Spoil by the breaking in of Cattle and likewise 〈◊〉 it may be a good shelter to the young Plants Stoâ— Walls where Stone is plenty may be cheaply raiâ— or those of Brick but above all I recommend a gâ— thick and well grown Quickset of white Thorns 〈◊〉 thickening Brambles black Thorn or dwarf Shâ— at the bottom especially where Wall Fruit is not reâ—red and by skilful Setting and Continuance it 〈◊〉 grow so thick that it will be a great security more than Pailes Railes or Walls of Earth and grow high it may on the top be cut with Shears in Turfs â—nd Piramids and become a pleasant Ornament to the â—rchard As for Walks I shall describe them in that â—art of this Book that particularly relates to Gardening â—ho in Orchards curious green Walks kept short by â—lowing and Rowling in Summer are of good Esteem â—nd such may be raised so above the common Surface â—hat the Wet may have little influence in staying on â—hem even in Winter after a shower of Rain is past A â—ote or large wet Ditch round an Orchard is very serâ—iceable if it can be conveniently done and continued with Water But from these things I proceed to what â—omes somewhat nearer to my purpose viz. The getâ—ng ordering and planting of Sets c. CHAP. IV. â—ets how to be Chosen and Ordered either to grow up to Trees or to be Grafted on c. THE best and most usual kind of Sets are young Plants which have been brought up in a Nursery â—hether of Apples Pears Plumbs or the like has â—ing good Roots for they are more certain than Slips â—r such suckers as were taken
Branches and Suckers that waste and destrâ—â— the Sap unprofitable hindering the bearing Branchâ— from perfecting the Growth of the Fruit and seasoâ—ably ripening it this must be done before Sap rise as in January February or the beginning of March aâ— you must in this case distinguish the bearing from 〈◊〉 Leaf-buds and the bearing ones are known by theâ— being more turgid than the other fuller and more sweâ—ling In this Work cut off all the Shoots of August â—less the Nakedness of the Tree require you to hold yoâ— Hand what you Prune from the rest cut off slantâ— above the Bud with a sharp Knife leaving no Rags Those Buds in Wall-fruits that put forth between thâ— Stem and the Wall or opposite to them rub off as soâ—â— as they appear sparing only the colateral Branches Keep your Wall and Palisadoe-trees from too higâ— mounting hastily so that they may spread and the beâ— form themselves beautiful like a Fan close to the Grounâ— Take the Water-boughs away which are those on thâ— Standards that are shaded and dropt upon remainiâ— smooth and naked without Buds cut of the unbearinâ— Branches of Wall-fruit-trees smooth and slanting Aâ— for the tender Wall-fruit the proper Time to Prunâ— them is in February and the beginning of March Where Branches are intangled and thick that theâ— gall one another or exclude the free Entrance of the Sâ— and Air thin that Place at Discretion Trim and Nâ— your Wall-fruit and Espallers When you find any Moss on the Branches or at thâ— Roots of the Trees take it off with a Wooden or Hoâ—â— Scraper and rub the Place smooth with a Woollen Cloâ—â— dipped in Water wherein Ashes have been well steeped and it will not incumber those Places at least for a loâ— Time and see what Thrive best open the Roots a litâ—le of those that seem to drop and put good Dung or Manure to them and cover it up with light Earth Keep your Trees from mounting too high if you â—ould have them good Bearers for the nearer the Branches are to the Root the Sap has the more Influence â—o encrease the Blossoms the stronger to knit them and â—nlarge the Fruit And the moderate height of all spreadâ—ng Standard-trees should be something above two Yards â—â—yond a Man's reach and if the middle Branches are â—piring more than the other keep them down by Cutâ—ing and Pruning that the Tree may the better spread â—nd so they will be smooth-rined healthful and long â—asting Trees growing low and consequently safe from â—he injury of Winds and by spreading broad yield much Fruit not over-shadowing each other or dropping much upon each others Boughs and the Bole by reason â—f its shortness will take much Sap consume little itself â—nd so yield a great deal to the better producing the Fruit For if the Tree aspire the Sap takes its course so swiftly â—p that it has little Intercourse with the lower Boughs so that they bear but little Fruit. If you â—op old Trees and cut off great Arms do it close to the Tree and leave no Snags then make a Plaister of Tar Tallow and a little Pitch on a course Cloth and clap it to the Wound to keep off the cold â—nd wet till the Bark recover the Strength If it be Bark-peel'd make a Searcloth of Butter Honey and Wax and lay on it as a good Remedy to recover the Bark by the other Bark growing and closing up the naked Place To effect this you must be provided with a handsome light Ladder a little sharp and well-armed Saw 〈◊〉 little sharp Hatchet a broad-mouth Chizzle a Mallet â—nd a strong and sharp Cleaver with a Notch and which is most necessary among young and little Trees 〈◊〉 great-hafted and sharp Knife with a convenient Stool Pruning-hook and a Paring Chizzle to smooth the out Places CHAP. XXVI Soil proper for remedying Diseases in Fruiâ—-trees and destroying Vermine and Insecâ— that infect them c. WHERE large Trees grow in an Orchard there thâ— Ground requires every 4 or 5 Years to be weâ— Soiled for those great Bodies draw a great deal of Moâ—sture and consequently the best heart of the Ground And if it be not supply'd the Trees must pine and wâ— want much of their Fruit. But do not overstock thâ— Root with Dung rather lay it somewhat near and 〈◊〉 Rain wash and soak it to the Roots especially of youâ— Trees for too much Dung breeds rankness and much hurts 'em especially Apple-trees according to thâ— Verse Manure your Orchard let it be well laid But let it never be too fertile made For as a Tree due Nourishment may want So too much Soil destroys the tender Plant. As for the Diseeses and Hurts in Trees they are mâ—ny which I shall enumerate in their Order If the Trees be greatly subject to Moss you must coâ—sider what may be the principal cause of it whether by the over coldness of the Ground as in a wet clayey Soil or the Barrenness of the Earth naturally If coldness thro' moisture be the true Cause theâ— consider how to lay it dryer by trenching the Ground 〈◊〉 or if it be Clay-ground then bring in some warm Soâ— to mix with it as Ashes Sand Sheeps-dung the Dunâ— of Dove-houses or Poultry and the like and if the Soâ—â— be too Barren mix it with good fat Soil especially neâ— and at the Roots of the Trees and Moss the Trees weâ— of what is already upon them 2. Another hindrance of the growth of Fruit-trees 〈◊〉 their being Bark-bound which is known by their pininâ— â—en in fertile Ground This happens when there is but â—ull and slow Passage up of the Sap and in small quanâ— Upon this cut off some of the Superfluous Branâ—es and score the rest that are any thing great also the â—le of the Tree and the Root with a sharp Knife â—en to the hard Wood and it will open as if loosened â—om Bondage and another Rind will grow and fill up 〈◊〉 Space to a good Wideness according to the bulk of 〈◊〉 Tree and still grow with it So that it will seem rejoyce for his Deliverance and flourish a great deal â—uer than before This is proper to be done in the â—ring when the Sap is arising 3. The Cankar of which I have hinted before is a very â—eat Enemy to Trees natural to some accidental to others 〈◊〉 Bruises c. this hurts many and utterly spoils some The Remedy is to cut it out if it be upon the great â—ough or Body of the Tree then a mixture of Horseâ—ng and Clay and cut off the small Branches that are â—ad or decaying and lay the Mixture aforesaid on the â—ace tainted binding it on with Rushes Flags or soft â—â—nds of Hay or Straw then lay Sea-Cole or Wood-â—shes the Ashes of Fern or Nettles or the like to the â—oots But if this be a natural Vice and the Trees grow 〈◊〉 Gravelly Ground it will not easily be remedied â—ithout mending the Soil 4. In
new Roots which may be divided into Multitudes and removed and is an excellent Pot-herb Rosemary may be improved by Seed or set in Slips immediately after Lammas-tide in a moist good Earth Rule or Herb of Grace is an excellent Preserver 〈◊〉 Health as also Gardus this will grow of Slips Saffron is proper for this Garden as being a great Câ—dial at need Remove the Roots every three Years 〈◊〉 Flowers at Michaelmas when the Chives of Saffron mâ— be gathered Sage may be kept from Seeding by cutting the aspiring Tops then it will spread encrease in Leaves and Sprouting Savory Seeds the first Year and dies Sweet Sicily is either to be sown of Seeds or the dividing of Roots and transplanting it lasts long Thyme may be encreased either of Slips Roots or Seeds 〈◊〉 and if you let it not run to Seed which you may prevent by Topping it will last three or four Years at least Sweet Marjorum is produced best by Seeds but not lasting feeding and dying the first Year mostly Charvil is improved of Seed and will continue some time Tansy or Garden-mint are easily propagated by Seeds or divided Roots and will flourish and continue a long time And tho' there are others I might set down let thâ—â— suffice as a sufficient Store for this kind of Garden Rule in general for ordering Herbs c. â—N setting Herbs ever observe to leave the Tops no more than a Handful above the Ground and the â—â—s a Foot under the Earth â—wine the Roots of the Herbs you set unless too britâ— Observe always to sow dry and set moist â—et Slips without Shanks at any time except very hot â—â—ther as about Midsummer and in hard Frosts And â—â—ent such from Seeding as you would have continue 〈◊〉 for that weakens and decays the Root by drawing Heat from it â—â—ther Herbs when the Sap is full in the Top of them â—â—ce Pensroyal Camomile Dasies c. on Banks Artichoaks Cabbages Parsnips Carrots Saffron â—â—roots Onions Colliflowers Colwort Savoys c. â—â—uire whole Plats of Ground for their better thriving 〈◊〉 set at Distance they may be interlined with other â—â—ings of low Growth Gather all your Seeds ripe and 〈◊〉 and lay not Heaps of Dung to the Roots of Herbs the Over-rankness burn them up â—et Herbs and Plants distant according to the greatness smallness of them Such Herbs as you intend to gather for drying to keep 〈◊〉 â—se all the Winter do it about Lammas-tide dry â—em in the Shade that the Sun draw not out their Virâ— but in a clear Air and brezy Wind that no Mustiâ— may taint them then on Lines hang the Bundles â—â—y thin cross a Room where usually there is a Fire â—â—de in the Winter Thus far having directed you in what is most material 〈◊〉 the Furnishing and Ordering the Kitchen-Garden as Herbs c. I shall now shew you what is proper to be 〈◊〉 relating to Roots and other Things not or but very â—â—ly touched on Of Roots proper for the Kitchen-Garden their well Ordâ—â—ing and Improvement ROOTS are one of the main Things to be conâ—dered in a Kitchen-Garden and the chief of thâ— for Sweetness and good Nourishment is the Parsnip This is proper to be sown in the Spring rich and well stir'd mellow Soil that is deep dug so thâ— their Roots with little Interruption may descend aâ— grow in compass And when you perceive they 〈◊〉 grown to some bigness tread down the Tops that Roots may grow the larger In the Winter Seasâ— when you take them out of the Ground beware of â—ting them Take off the Mould clean and if you 〈◊〉 to keep them you may put them in Sand which 〈◊〉 preserve them a long time the fairest you may let 〈◊〉 to Seed to supply another Crop Trenching and Mellâ—ing the Ground in which you sow them to keep the as much as may be from wet The Skirt-Root is a very sweet Root much nourishiâ—â— and provocative It is well raised in a light and 〈◊〉 Mould which may be done of Slips planted in Roâ— or Ranges in the Spring-time about half a Foot distancâ— In Winter when you take up the Roots it will not 〈◊〉 amiss that you lay the Tops in the Earth till the Spriâ— for your further encrease Radishes are easily produced of Seed yet require good black mellow Mould that they may grow laâ— and deep and such Grounds as no Soakings or Spewinâ— of Water are in to rot or spoil them Potatoes in good fat Garden-Mould thrive a main anâ— if the Roots be accidentally cut with a Spade or otheâ— wise each part of it will grow and recovering thâ— Wound turn a perfect Root And so little Care thâ— require when once well taken in the Ground that thâ— can hardly be got out Jerusalem-Artichoakes are somewhat of the Nature 〈◊〉 â—â—toes but more soft and flashy when boiled and will 〈◊〉 as Potatoes in any good Mould and continue withâ— renewing for many Years and to propagate these them with a Stick they growing end upward â—â—aions are necessary for Sallets or shread with Potâ—s Broth Sauces or divers other Uses They best â—ive in a fat warm Soil and are proper to be sown in â—rch or the beginning of April for if sown sooner 〈◊〉 must be covered at first to keep them from the â—lls of extream Cold and where they grow very thick 〈◊〉 must be drawn whilst Young for the use of the â—hen or be transplanted and when they are grown 〈◊〉 reasonable bigness you may tread down the Spinâ— or Stalks that the Root may yet grow bigger 〈◊〉 prosper well when sown with Bay-salt and are to be drawn the latter end of August in a dry Season 〈◊〉 being rubbed clean tied in Bunches and hung up in moderate dry Out-House or laid thin in Straw that being well dryed they may be made up in Bundles or â—es or disposed of by Measure as the Custom for 〈◊〉 is some of the largest you may let stand for Seed â—gain a fresh supply the next Season Garlick is a very useful Root in many cases but most â—ysical In any rich Ground it prospers with a little â—re regard than Sowing or Setting taken of it It proâ—es in a little time a wonderful encrease and despises â—e Injury of Weather above all Roots And if the Tops 〈◊〉 kept down the Roots will grow much the larger Turnips tho' usually grown in the Field yet proâ—er best in a good Garden Soil being propagated from â—e Seed and when they come up which may be earâ—r or later as you sow them they must be Howed 〈◊〉 kept pretty thin the better to propagate Sow a â—e slacked Lime with the seeds to keep the Insects â—n destroying them on the Ground or to prevent Worm-eaten Roots or if the Caterpillar Slug or Snail â—ake the new sprung Plant do the like upon them and 〈◊〉 few showers will bring them up apace When you â—raw them leave the largest for seed Beans Pease Artichoaks Asparagus Cabbages Câ—â—flowers
keeping the natural Colour it will be well done in the shade however a little of the Sun is proper to prevent their being musty Now Mellons and Strawberries are in season and some other cooling Things Nature prudently providing such for the refreshing Mankind and theâ— kindly preservation of Health in hot Season while the hotter come seasonably in the colder Months Leo ♌ or the Lyon JULY Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. THE beginning of this Month sow Lettice Radish c. for young and tender Salleting also latter Pease that they may be ripe in October Let Herbs designed â—r it run to Seed and carefully save it for a new supâ—ly Long-sided Cabbages planted in May may now be reâ—oved and cut away all rotten and putrified Leaves from them and be yet diligent in the Weeding and Cleansing part of your Garden hoeing up the Weeds so â—on as they begin to appear above Ground and by this means a great riddance may be made in a ltitle Time â—an in a longer when they grow up Root-deep and â—rove more cumbersome to the Ground Destroy Worms â—nd other Insects by sprinkling hot Ashes in the places â—hey most frequent and it will utterly destroy such as â—re touched by it when a little Rain descends on it It 〈◊〉 also a great Enemy to the Weeds tho' Grass is imâ—roved by it and it proves an excellent Manure for that purpose but lay not on too much in hot Weather unâ—ess much Rain falls to dissolve it and moistens the Earth by which means it may leisurely soak in and disperse itself Virgo â™ or the Virgin-Sign AUGUST Things proper to be done in the Kitchen Garden this month THIS Month sow Radishes particularly the black ones to prevent going to Seed pale tender Cabbages Colliflowers for Winter Plants Lettice Carrots Corm Sallet Marigold Spinage Turnips Onions Parsnips Angela curled Endive Scurvy-grass c. To prevent Plants running up too hastily to Seed draw the Root a little out of the Ground lay them slaunting and cover them again with fresh Mould and by that means it will be prevented To secure Colliflowers to bear good Heads that are aâ— to overspread or upon Flowers before their Heads câ— be quite perfected take them out of the Ground anâ— bury them in some cold place as a Cellar and boâ— Root and stalk to the very Head and so without beinâ— exposed to the very Sun they will harden and bear firâ— Heads Now take up your Onions that are well grown as alsâ— Garlick transplant the Lettice you design shall continâ— for the Winter Gather seeds and clip such Herbs as you design shooâ— continue well in the Winter before the Full of the Moon And towards the latter end of this Month sow Puâ—slane Chard-beet Charvil and such like Herbs for use taking the Mould finely over them and laying thâ— Ground smooth and even yet so well covered that thâ— Birds cannot see them to destroy them and if Showerâ— fall and wash them out of the Ground cover them agaiâ— in the same manner Libra ♎ or the Ballance SEPTEMBER Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month SOw Skirrets Lettice Spinage Radishes Parsnips c. Cabbages Colliflowers Onions Anniseeds Scurvey-grass c. It is now proper to transplant Asparagus-roots anâ— Artichoaks Sow Herbs for Winter-store as also Roots get Strawberry plants out of the Copices or Woods and planâ— them in your Garden about a Foot asunder Towards the end of the Month earth up the Sallad-â—hs and Winter-plants set forth such Cabbage and Colliflower-plants as were sowed in August prepare Comâ—ost to be used in trenching and preparing and lay your Ground well for the approaching Winter where it is disencumbered as the occasion requires it and if the cold season hastily advances get warm covering for â—our tender Herbs either to preserve them well all the Winter or till such Time as you shall have occasion to â—pend them Scorpio â™ or the Scorpion OCTOBER Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month THis Month that it may lie for Winter-mellowing trench the Ground Sow Genova-Lettice which will with a little care continue for good Sallading all the Winter with Glass-bells and straw over them in the hard Frost or Cold but touch them not presently after a Thaw lest you break or crack the Glasses This Month you may sow Radishes clear the Alley of all Leafs that have fallen lest they corrupt and produce or at least shelter Vermin to annoy your Plants and seeds and foul your Garden with their Excrements Prepare covering for tender Herbs and Plants and be diligent in rectifying what is amiss in every part that your Garden may not only be pleasant and delightful to the Eye but profitable in encrease by being disencumbered of offensive Things Sagitarius â™ or the Archer NOVEMBER Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month THIS Month Trench fit to prepare your Garden Ground for Artichoaks carry Compost out of yoâ— Mellon-ground or mingle it by often turning with goâ— Earth so lay it in Ridges prepared for your Business oâ— the Spring Always note to sow moderate dry and plant moist but what you sow cover not too thick with Earth and there are many seeds you cannot sow too shallow so thaâ— they are covered sufficiently to preserve them from the Birds destroying them Set and sow early Beans and Pease which you may continue till Shrovetide Cut off the Tops of Asparagus cover the Roots with Dung or make Beds that they may be prepared for the spring planting Take up Patatoes a sufficiency for the Winter-spending and if they have been of any continuance tho' you search narrowly a sufficiency will escape to repair the Stock Lay up your Winter-store of Carrots Parsnips Turnips Cabbages c. as also seeds Capricorn ♑ or the Goat DECEMBER Things proper to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this month SOW for early Beans and Pease if a prospect of violent Frosts are not in view This Month is proper to Trench your Garden ground â—d dung it well set Traps to destroy Vermin and lay table-litter over such Herbs or Plants as can least enâ—re the Cold and what things are requisite to cover them now for either the Frosts are begun or very near approaching no Winter passing without more or less force of them which leave their marks and scars on most Herbs and Plants making them drop and languish for want of refreshing Heat to comfort them How to know particular Flowers that will alter for the best EXperience tell us that those Flowers which differ in Number of Leafs in colours and shape their seeds will produce Flowers much different from the ordinary Flowers tho' but a Year or two before produced all of one Flower nay a particular Flower among many others of one Plant will bring more double ones than 20 others that are not quallified in the same Nature As for Example the Stock-gilliflower that have five leaves or
and so being thinned they 〈◊〉 produce the fairer Flowers Protect your Ranunculas Pennash Tulips Auriâ—las Anemonies from storms of violent Rain Hail 〈◊〉 the too scarching Beams of the Sun by covering theâ— with Mats supported with Hoops or bent Wands Crâ—â—â—ewise Bring forth your choice and tender Shrubs in a faiâ— Day but the Orange-trees may be continued housed 〈◊〉 the next Month and when you water them let it be doâ— with Rain or Pond-water luke-warm but not too much at a time Flowers blowing or continuing RAnunculas of Tripoly white Violets Anemonies Auricula Ursi Caprisolum Crown Imperialâ— Caprisolum Gentianella Deus Caninus Bell-flowerâ— Tritillaria Double Hepticas Starry Jacinth Florenceiris Double Dasies white and tufted Double Narcissâ— Chamae-Iris Cowslips Primroses Pulsatilla Ladies smock Tulips Medias Radix Cava Geranium Peritaria Lurea Caltha Palustries Persian Lillies Laâ—rea Caltha Palustries Persian Lillies Lucoicum Pâ—onies Muscaria Reversed Double Jonquills Persiaâ— Jessamine Acanthus and some others Gemini ♊ or the Twins MAY â—â—ings proper to be done in the Flower-Garden this month â—Hade your Carnations and Gilliflowers about this Season when the Sun has passed the Meridian and at the Full Moon plant in Beds your Stock-gilliflowers tranâ—nt forth Aramanthus and water Ranunculus so Anmum or set it gather such Anemony-seeds as you 〈◊〉 to be ripe and preserve it for a new supply keep it 〈◊〉 dry to preserve it from moulding or mustying cut stalks of those Bulbous Flowers that you find dry About the latter End of this Month take such Tulips as â—r-stalks are dried covering the Roots you find bare prevent their being scorched by the heat of the Sun or â—hed up with sudden Showers and if any of these Roots 〈◊〉 take up be Cankered the best remedy is speedily to â—ry them in fresh Mould Flowers blowing or continuing c. RAnuncula's of all Kinds the latter set Anemonies Anapodophylon Chema-iris Blattaria Cirisus â—ranthes Heleborine Cyclamen Augustisoi Cyanus â—ellow Lillies Aspodel Froxinella Cullumbines Buâ—ns-iris Digitalis Grranum Horminum Caiticum Glaâ—us Double Cotyleden Caltha Plaustris Tulips of vaâ—s sorts and Colours Jacca Lychnis Double Bellis â—hite and red Millefolium Luteum Phalangium Orcliis â—panish Pinks Lillium Convallium Rosa common Guilder Cinamon and Centifol c. Cherrybay Oleaster Tâ—chellium Hisperis Cowslips Anterrhinum Sedums Sâ—ringa's Veronica single and double Musk Violets Valerian stock Gilliflowers Ladies-slipper Chalcedom Star-flowers Ordinary Crowfoot Red Martagom Campanellas white and blue Bugloss Homer's Maly Persian Lillies Bee-flower Purple Thalictrum Pansis Lucoium Bulbosum Secotinum Sysimbrium singlâ— and double Sambucus Peonies Sea Narcissus and somâ— others Cancer ♋ or the Crab. JUNE Things to be done in the Flower-Garden this Month. THis Month gather such ripe Flower-seeds as are valuable and proper to be saved as Narcissus Aâ—runculas Oriental Jacinth c. preserving them dry a shade your Carnations from the Afternoon's Sun transplant Autumnal Cyclamen you design to change for a place more advantageous take up Iris Chalcedon Now you may make a beginning to lay Gilliflowers also take up the best Sort of Ranunculas and Anemonies after moderate showers of Rain the stalks dry and withered and the roots in a good Temper Take up the Bulbs of Tulips cover those presently that lie naked on the Beds or transplant them to a cooler soil water dry or parched Beds as also the pots of Japan Narcissus prevent some Scabious from running to seed which now may be done by removing them and so the following Year they will produce very good Flowers Take up the Roots of such Flowers and plants as will endure not to be out of the Ground and immediately â—plant them in fresh soil as Oriental Jacinth Cyâ—men Frittilania Iris-crown Imperial Deus Caniâ— Muscaris Bulbous Jacinths c. Flowers blowing or continuing c. DOuble Poppies Phalangium Allobrogicum Amazanthus Asphodell Hedisarum Giadiolus Claâ—antis Panonica Blataria Millafolium yellow and â—ite Martagon Red and white Gentian Helebore Niâ—lla Astrea Atticus Bulbous-iris Hedisarum early â—rk-heel Genistia of Spain Pinks Orinthgalum Mount â—lies white and red with some others Leo ♌ or the Lyon JULY â—ings proper to be done in the Flower-Garden this Month. â—â—ip stocks the beginning of this Month with other Lignous plants and flowers lay Carnations and Gilâ—owers not suffering to remain above two or three spinâ—s for the Flowers Take away the superfluous Buds â—port those that remain with stays against the Wind â—stroy Earwigs and other Insects that annoy them Layers in a good light loamy Earth will take Root six Weeks set as many of them as may conveniently one pot to save room in Winter let not too much â—et come at them if it prove too wet lay the pots â—e-ways and shade those that blow from the Heat of â—e Sun in the Afternoons Take up early Cyclamen Bulbs and Tulips which you may immediately plant or if Conveniency permiâ— not you may do it any time within a Month after trim them and cut off the Fibres spreading in an early Place very dry but do not separate the off-sets of Tulips and the like till the principal Bulbs be fully dry Gather seeded Tulips and permit the seeds to continue in the Pods also the seed of early Cyclamen and immediately sow it pots or cases Remove Crocus that are seedlings of the last Septemâ—ber giving them wide Intervails till they come to Peâ—fection Take up some sorts of Aurunculas Persian-iris Crâ—cus Crown Imperial Frettillaria and Colchicums plaâ— the Iris and the two last as soon as you have taken theâ— up if you have conveniency else in August or September may do tollerably well or you may defer their taking up till then and replant Colchicums remove Deuâ— Canius c. Sift your Beds from the Off-sets of Tulips toward the latter end of this Month also for bulbous-Bulbous-roots Ranunculas Anemonies and the like which will preparâ— them for setting or plunging such Things as are in youâ— Pots and require to be set in the naked Earth till thâ— next Season some sort of Anemonies may now be soweâ— in Ground that is temperately moist cut away the withered stalks that incumber the roots of your Flowers covering the bared Roots with fresh Earth To destroâ— Worms and other Insects strew Pot ashes on your Grass plat and Carpet-walks and to the same end water youâ— Gravel-walks with Water wherein Tobacco-stalks havâ— been boiled Flowers blowing this Month or continuing ASpodes Amaranthus Phalangium Delphium Veronicâ— Odoriferous and Purple Sultan Connalnusus Volabilis Thlapse Criticum Geranius Triste Fraxenela Hedisaurum Corn-flower Alkengi Double and White Jacca Scorpion Grass Monthly Rose Jacinths and some others Virgo â™ or the Virgin-Sign AUGUST Things proper to be done in the Flower-Garden this month THis Month take up Bulbous Iris sow the Seeds of them as also of Collumbines Candy-Tufts â—ark-heels Holyocks Iron-coloured Fox Gloves and other Plants that have strength to endure the approachâ—ng season Plant some Anemony-roots for Winter flowers take â—o the last Years seedlings
from the Roots of grown â—rees and in removing them get all the Root â—ou can out of the Ground for if a main part of the â—oot be lost as some regard it not then it follows the Tree cannot thrive so well though upon the transplantâ—ng some of the Top be taking off for the Root has a â—ympathy with the Branches as to the greatness â—r smallness and when the Sap is straitned or lessenâ—d then is it that the Tree pines for want of its free â—urrency and Communication and when you take up â—he Root divest it not as little as may be of the Earth 〈◊〉 grows in for that upon the transplanting will be nourishing to it till it become better acquainted wiâ—â— the new Ground Too much Topping or Stowing approve not of because it very much hinders the growtâ— of the Tree and when you cut off any Branches dâ— it upwards that slanting it may shoot off the Wet anâ— not any way rive or split and if Clay and fine sisteâ— Horse Dung or Cow Dung were well mixed and clapped on the Cuts of the Branches it would be very proper to keep them from the Cold and Wet till they grow and begin to thrive unless you intend these Plants foâ— Grafting and then you may let the Tops grow till yoâ— cut the Stem for Inoculation in which you shall here after be instructed with all that is proper relating to it and set these in Rows by a Line in such Holes as yoâ— have prepared laying the Earth then lightly upon them after they are well placed in the Hole and heap it higheâ— then the Surface that it may well settle by Degrees and keep the Tree from the Roots being much shaken by thâ— Wind to which end whilst the Trees are young yoâ— must also use Stakes or Poles well fixed in the Ground fastned to the Plants by Hay-bands and some Moss oâ— soft thing clapped between to prevent the fretting thaâ— may accrue by the ratling or shaking of the Wind. Slips which some use are not so good by much to plant for either many of them miss to take Root or iâ— they do the Root being the main Wood doats and rots iâ— the Ground when the Tree comes to growth so that they are but of short continuance or at least-ways will buâ— weakly bare and those chiefly in Apple-trees yet a Bur-knot kindly taken from an Apple-Tree is much better and surer and this you must cut close at the Roots-end a handful under the Knot then cut away all the Twigs except the main one and set it deep in the Ground thaâ— it may only rise a little above the Surface and it wilâ— shoot up and become a good Stock especially for Grafting on if you like not the Fruit otherways As for large Fruit-trees there is danger in transplantâ—ng them for many times they do not thrive by reason â—f the injury they receive in the Roots for if some of â—he lesser Spums take they generally do not all so thâ—â—â—he Body not having sufficient Nourishment the Heart â—rows blackish or of a yellow colour and many times â—ho they bring forth fair Blossoms they have not strength â—nough to form their Fruit in the natural Perfection It has been Experimented that a Bough has been taken from a thriving Tree of a good bigness and grown to be 〈◊〉 Tree the manner thus Take off the Bark in a round Circle when the Sap is in it and make a Mortar of Clay â—ine Earth and a little Dung and clap on the bare place â—o the higness of a Foot-ball and let it lye till the Sap â—escends to the Root of the Tree then cut off the Bough â—â—anting on the hither side of the Mortar next to the Tree â—nd immediately put it into good Ground the Mortar â—nd all and cover it up close Water it sometimes and â—f this be done in October it will take Root and shoot forth in the Spring and if these stand they need not â—e Grafted on but will bear good Fruit of their own You may Sow the Kernels or Nuts of Trees in Nurseries and when they come up shelter and keep them Warm and in time they will afford you good Stocks â—nd Plants either to bear of themselves or to Graft on â—hough Suckers taken from the Roots of Trees grow â—aster than these till they get a Head but above all beware that Cattle come not into your Plantations or Nurseries to destroy them You may lay young Scions in the Ground where many sprout from one Master-top when cut near the Earth and by keeping them down with Sods one end being at liberty and growing upward they will be apt â—o take Root and so you may have four or five out of one in a little time and this is called a running Plant. As for the buying of Sets ready Grafted you may mainly be deceived in them as having only anothers Word what manner of Fruit they are and so you may be at most Cost and Labour about the worst Trees besides hinders the Experience you may gain in raising and oâ—dering them to the many singular Advantages CHAP. V. Proper times for Planting and Removing with the manner of Setting the distancâ— and placing of Trees c. WHEN you have made choice of your Sets tâ—â— the Ground being ready for Transplanting thâ— next thing to be considered is the time this is mâ— Proper to be done in and this account to be soon aftâ— the Fall of the Leaf in or about the change of the Mooâ— when the Sap is most quiet for then it is about turning but upon occasion it may be done all Winter in opâ— weather and early in the Spring when the Buds are juâ— putting out though as I have said the sooner you râ—move them in Winter it is the better some indeed 〈◊〉 remove them before the Sap is at a stand or about return that is in Autumn before the Leaves are fallinâ— but this I hold not so good and were it not for the falâ— of brevity could give you here many convincing reasoâ— to the contrary In setting make the Holes sufficiently large to â—â—ceive the Roots and more that they may have nâ—thing at first to contend with but the tender Mould shake that you have dug out lightly in when the Plaâ— is conveniently placed and in the mean while let anâ—ther move the Plant that the Earth may fill into thâ— cranies and settle better about the Root so press 〈◊〉 gently down that the Plant may be well fixed and 〈◊〉 a dry Season water it which being a settlement of thâ— Earth will make it take the sooner As for the distance of Trees you must consider the nature of them as to what greatness in time they may grow how spread their Branches as the Apple-tree or aspire more upright than the Pear tree if they be such as you intend shall continually stand for if they too much drop upon one another or the Boughs are galled by fretâ—ing or
rubing then Injury comes thereby and the underling Trees that are overshadowed will be stunted and spoiled and therefore according as you conjecture their Growth may be so place them and the Sun and free Air coming in among them will make them thrive the better and this distance must be as far as you conceive two Trees can spread their Boughs when grown up As for the placing them let Philberts Damsens Bulliss and such like the lower Trees stand on the outside next the fencing Your Cherries and choice Plums for the Sun the sooner to ripen them may be planted in the openest places your Apples Pears and Quinces in the most substantial place of the Orchard possessing the best Soil The Trees of greatest growth may be planted further from the Sun and those of the lesser nearer to the Sâ—uth that they may not be a hindrance to one another but all receive warm alike As for the Wardens and Winter Pears growing high they will do very well Northward because being hard latter Fruit they ripen leasurely and the blasts cannot hurt them As for the Medlers Services Pomgranets Citrons and such Trees though they are not often seen in Orchards yet they are very graceful and pleasant and must be planted where the Sun has great power and free from the droping of other Trees Almond-Trees are hardy and will bear the Blasts but not give their Fruit kindly unless well sheltered Set the Wallnut-trees on the highest ground if it may be without overshadowing others CHAP. VI. General Directions for the right Ordering Keeping and Preserving of an Orchard THE first thing that will be required as most necessary for an Orchard will be Dunging and Watering for the Fruit-trees a very few of them being only to be excepted require these and herein you must also be careful that you do it in the heat of the Sun and that your Dung be neither too new nor too old neither must it be laid close to the foot of the Tree but a little distance off that the fatness of the Dung may be drunk in of the Root Pidgeons-dung and Hogs-dung do also heal the hurts and wounds of Trees The water wherewith we water them must not be Fountain water or Well water if other may be had but drawn from some muddy Lake or standing Pool Moreover you must be sure that your Trees stand a good distance asunder that when they are grown up they may have room enough to spread and that the small and tender be not hurt of the greater neither by shaddow nor dropping The nature also of the Soil is herein much to be regarded for a Hill requireth to have them stand nearer together in windy places you must set them the thicker you must set your Plants in such a manner that the Tops be not hurt or bruised or the Bark or Rind flawed off for the Bark being taken away round about it killeth any kind of Tree You must also have a regard of the shadow what Trees it helpeth and what Trees it hurteth The Wallnut-tree the Pitch-tree the Firr-tree whatsoever they shadow they injure the Pine-tree with his shadow likewise destroys young Plants but they do resist the Wind and therefore good to inclose Vineyards The Cypress his shadow is very small and spreadeth not far and therefore it may safely enough grow amongst Vines and so for many others the dropping of all Trees is naught but worst of all those â—hose Branches grow so that the water cannot readily â—â—ss through For the drops of the Pine the Oak and â—e Martholme are most hurtful in whose company â—ou may also take the Wallnut Moreover pruning and â—tting is very good and necessary for Trees whereby â—e withered Boughs are cut away and the unprofitable â—ranches taken off but to prune them every Year is â—ught though the Vine requireth cutting every year 〈◊〉 also the Myrtil the Pomegrancte and the Cherry â—hereby they will sooner yield Fruit the others must 〈◊〉 seldomer pruned Cherry-trees may be pruned in the â—ll of the Leaf after the setting of the seven Stars â—nd first they must be well dunged and as a help against their hurts you must cut down the old rotten â—ranches that grow in the midst and such as grow â—ick and are tangled together and all the water-boughs â—nd unprofitable Branches about them The old ones are 〈◊〉 be cut close to the stock from whence the new Springs â—ill arise Scarifying also and Launcing is very wholeâ—ome for the Trees when they are screined with their â—eafs and dryness of their Barks at which time use to â—unce the Bark with a sharp Knife cutting it strait â—own in many places which what good it doth apâ—eareth by the opening of the Rhind which is straitways â—lled up with the Body underneath you must also trim â—nd dress the Roots of your Trees after this manner you â—ust open the ground round about them that they may â—e comforted with the warmth of the Sun and the Rain â—utting away all the Roots that run upwards The Trees â—â—at you remove may be marked which way they stood â—t the first As Virgil expresses And in the Bark they set a Sign To know which way the Tree did grow Which part did to the South incline And where the Northern blasts did blow Also you must consider well the nature of the Soil thâ— you remove not out of a dry Ground into moist and frâ—â— a barren Hill to a moist Plain and rather fat than â—therwise The young Plants being thus removed must 〈◊〉 the second or third Year be pruned leaving still about â—hrâ—â— or four Branches untouched so shall they grow the betterâ— Thus must you usually do every Year The old Tree 〈◊〉 move with the Tops cut off and the Roots unperisheâ— which must be helped with often Dunging and Wateringâ— Apple-trees that Blossom and bear no Fruit or if it beaâ— they suddenly fall away you shall remedy it by slitting 〈◊〉 the Root and thrusting in of a Stone or wooden Wedge also if you water your Trees with Vrine that is old thâ— helps them very much both for Fruitfulness and pleasanâ—ness of the Fruit if the Tree decay by reason of the greâ—â— heat of the Sun you must raise the Earth about it aâ— water the Roots every Night setting up some defence against the Sun To cause their Fruit to be quickly Ripâ— you must wet the little Roots with Vinegar and Vrine thâ— is old covering them again with Earth and often digginâ— about them The Vrine of Men if it be kept three or foâ—â— Months doth wonderfully much good to the Plants and 〈◊〉 you use it about Vines or Apple-trees it doth not onâ—â— bring you great encrease but also giveth an excellent Savour both to the Fruit and Vine You may also use the Mâ—ther of Oil such as is without Salt to the same purpose which both must speedily be used in Winter As Frosts anâ— Mists also do great harm to Trees so you must arm
the Wedge close it hard with your Hand and bind about it Clay and Horse Dung For great stocks you may cleave them cross and put â—n a Graft at each corner with little straining them and close them up with Clay and Dung as others and tho' â—hey are pretty large the stock having sap enough to support them some or all of them will cut and growing up faster than on small stocks will much sooner bear Fruit And this I have seen tryed on stocks of a good growth that have borne had Fruit and in a few Years the Grafts have shot up and produceth excellent Fruit. Packing on is when you cut sloap-wise a Twig of the same Magnitude with your Graft either in or besides the Knot two Inches long and make your Graft just agree with the scion and gashy our Graft and it just in the midst of the Wound length-ways about a straws breadth deep and thrust the one into the other Wound to Wound so that sap may come to sap and Bark to Bark so bind them close with soft strings and mix Clay and Dung and cover them over and this way many times thrives wonderfully and this may be done on Branches of Tree the latter end of Grafting-time when the sap is risen with good success The way of Inoculating is with an Eye or Bud taken with a pretty large piece of Bark to it from a thriving Tree and placed immediately on another Tree where just the same quantity has been taken off that it may close with the bare place of the Tree supplying the Bark that was taken thence and being bound on with Clay and Dung strengthened with a little Moss is in great likelyhood quickly to flourish This by some is called Imbuding Grafting in Scutcheon is somewhat like unto the former only differing in this that you must take an Eye or Bud with Leafs Note That an Eye is for a scion and a Bud for Flowers and Fruit and place them on another Tree in a Plain like the Letter H out with a sharp Knife and the Bark raise with a Wedge and then the Eye and Bud must be put in and so bound up These I have known to have grown well but it is somewhat a tedious way and the plainer way of Grafting soonest answers Expectation As for the young Grafts you must be careful to Fencâ— them about for the least rudness or rough handling spoils your Labour or much impares what you haâ—â— done and this may be done with setting of Roses Gooseberries or such prickly Trees about them but noâ— so as to over-shade them and hinder their growth aâ—â— be careful that no Cattle break into your Ground nay Dogs and Cats where they are grafted low to the Ground may by running over them break off the Graft and sâ— cross you in your Industry And now from General 〈◊〉 proceed to particular Trees c. CHAP. X. Of the Apple-Tree how Grafted and Ordered the Advantages accruing thereby c. THE Apple is commonly grafted upon the Crab-tree Stocks or upon the wild Apple-stock being first planted and the year after cut off within a foot to the Earth or more If your Apple-trees are pestered with Worms scrape them with a brazen Scraper and they will never come again provided that the place whence you scraped them be rubbed over with Bullocks Dung The Urine and Dung of Goats is very good for this purpose afterwards the Lees of old Wine may be poured upon the Roots of the Trees The Tree that is sick or prospereth not is helped with Asses Dung and watering it six days Apple-trees must be often watered at the setting of the Sun till the Spring be come when planted in dry Ground If you set your Apple-trees too thick they will never grow well nor thrive kindly The Apple declareth its ripeness by the blackness of the Kirnels The Winter Stores are gathered after the fourteenth of September or thereabouts according to their Kinds and not before the Moon be seventeen Days old in fair Weather and in the Afternoon Those that fall from the Trees must be laid by themselves it is better to pull them then shake â—hem least they be bruised in their falling The best way to keep them is in fair Lofts Vaults or cold places with Windows opening towards the North that â—hey may receive that Air the South Wind must be â—hut out they must be laid thin upon Straw Chaff or Mats You must lay every sort by themselves lest sundry sorts lying together they should the sooner rot They are also kept from rotting if they are laid in Barâ—y or Wheat Some to avoid the hurt of the Frost â—se to cover them with wet Linnen Clothes which beâ—ng frozen the Fruit that lay under them is preserved Of Apples besides other Uses you may with Mills for â—he purpose make a curious Drink called Cyder and 〈◊〉 small Drink besides with Water and the refuse of the Apples drained a good Drink to quench and cool the Thirst A kind of Vinegar also may be made of Crabs â—nd sower Apples called Verjuice which mashed and â—ying in a heap together three or four Days afterwards put into a Pipe or Tun wherewith mingle Spring water or Rain water and so suffer them to stand close covered thirty Days and after taking out what Vinegar the Moisture affords by drawing off and let it settle CHAP. XI Of the Pear-Tree how Grafted Ordered anâ— Improved c. THE Pear challengeth the next Place and is onâ— of the chiefest Beauties of the Orchard Thâ— Apple-Tree spreadeth in broad Branches but the Pear tree riseth in hight and delighteth in a rich and moiâ—â— Ground it doth grow of the Kernel and of thâ— Scion but it is a great while before it doth come unâ—â— any Perfection and when it is grown it degenerateâ— from them its old good Nature and therefore it is beâ—ter to take the wild Plants and set them in your Grounâ— in November and when that they are well rooted yoâ— may graft upon them It is said that in some Couâ—tries it is so prospereth with often digging and mucâ— Moisture that it never looseth its Flower You shall dâ— it a great deal of Good if every other Year you bestow some Dung upon it Ox Dung is thought to makâ— great and massy Pears some put too a little Ashes tâ— make their taste the pleasanter They are not onlâ— planted of the Roots but also of the very little Twigâ— being pluckt will grow If you will set young Plants let them be three Years old or at least two Years old before you set them Some again take the fairest Brancheâ— they find upon the Tree and set them as has been directed The time of Grafting the Pear is March anâ— April Pliny saith That you may graft it when the Blossom is on it which I myself have have tryed and founâ— true It is grafted upon the Quince the Pumgraneâ— the Almond the Apple and the Mulbery-tree If yoâ— graft it on the
Mulbery-tree your Pear shall be red and if you would have the Fruit pleasant and the Treâ— fruitful you must bore a Hole through the Stock closâ— by the Ground and driving in an Oaken or a Beecheâ— Pin cover it up with Earth if the Tree prosper not wash the Roots and water them with the Lees of old Wine fifteen Days so shall it bare the better and pleaâ—anter Fruit. It shall never be hurt with Worms if when you plant it you anoint it with the Gaul of an Ox â—f the Tree whose Roots have been cut seem not to â—rosper Paludius his Remedy is to pierce the Root thro' â—nd to drive in a Pin made either of Oak or Plum-tree â—f your Pears are stony or choak Pears dig up the Earth â—rom the Roots cleanse them of Stones and fift in good â—ew Mould again into the place Let your Pear-trees â—and thirty Foot asunder or little less your Apple-â—rees as I have said further You may make use of â—everal ways to keep your Pears some dip the Stalks in â—oyling Pitch and do afterwards hang them up others keep them in new boyled Wine or else in a close Vessel others in Sand and some again covered with Wheat â—r Chaff some are of Opinion that there is no kind Fruit but may be preserved in Honey of Pears there is Drink and Sauce made the Drink is Perry made as Cyder of a most delicious Taste the Juyce being pressed â—ut with the Press c. In other Countries to have a pretty Dish made of Pears for their Religious Fasts called Castimoniale CHAP. XII Of the Quince-Tree how Ordered Grafted Improved c. NEXT in order after Apples and Pears cometh the Quince they are planted after the same manner that Pears and Apples are Some affirm that the sets that have been set in March or in February have taken such Root as that they have born Fruit the Year after They grow well in cold and moist Countries in plain and silly Grounds in hot and dry Countries you must set them in October Many set them with the tops aâ— the set but neither of them both is very good and bâ—ing set of Scions they soon degenerate They are beâ—ter grafted in the Stock than in the Bark and that 〈◊〉 February or March they receive into their Stocks tâ— Grafts in a sort of all manner of Trees the Pomgiâ—net the Seruise all the kinds of Apples and make tâ— Fruit the better The Quince Tree must be set in thâ— order that in the shaking of the Wind they drop not oâ— upon another When it is young or newly plantâ— it is helped with Dung or better with Ashes thâ— must be watered as often as the Season is very dry aâ— digged about continually in hot Countries in Octobâ— or November in cold Countries in February or Marcâ— for if you do not often dig about them they will eithâ— be barren or bear naughty Fruit they must be prunâ— cut and rid of all Superfluities If the Tree be siâ— and do not prosper well the root must be watered wâ— the Mother of Oil mingled with the like quantity of Wâ—ter or unslack'd Lime mingled with Chalk or Rosiâ— or Tar must be poured upon the Roots You must gathâ— them in a fair Day being sound and unspotted and veâ— ripe and in the Wane of the Moon They are best keâ— coffened betwixt two hollow Tiles well closed on eveâ— side with Clay Some lay them only in dry Places wheâ— no wind cometh others heap them in Chaff and Wheaâ— some in Wine which maketh the Wine more pleasanâ— lay them not near any other Fruit because with 〈◊〉 Air they will corrupt them There is also made a kiâ— of Wine of Quinces being beaten and pressed and little Honey with Oil put into it there is also made 〈◊〉 them a precious Conserve and Marmalade red aâ— white being congealed with long Seething and boylâ— with Sugar Wine and Spices CHAP. XIII â—f the Medler and Service-tree how Ordered Grafted Improved c. THE Medler is accounted to be of the Number of Apple-trees and Pear-trees It is Planted in the â—e Manner as the Quince is It delighteth in hot Plaâ— but well watered it will do well enough It is â—anted of the Scion in March or November in a well â—nged Ground and mellow so that both the Ends be â—bbed over with Dung It is also set of a Stone but â—en it is very long before it cometh to any Thing It excellently well Grafted in the white Thorn the Pear the Apple The Medlers that you mean to keep you â—ust gather before they are Ripe and being suffered to â—ow so upon the Tree they last a great part of the â—inter They are preserved in sodden Wine and Viâ—gar and Water Of the Wood of the wild Medler 〈◊〉 use to make Spokes for Wheels of Carts and the â—wigs of them serve for Carters Whips Next to the â—edler for Neighbourhood sake I must speak of the â—rvice it is a high Tree with a round Berry fashioned â—e an Egg this Fruit grows in Clusters as the Grape â—th The wild is better than the Garden Fruit to Graft 〈◊〉 It delighteth in cold Places and if you Plant it in 〈◊〉 Ground it will wax Barren It hath no Prickles as â—e Medler hath it groweth of the Stone the Set the â—ot or the Scion and prospereth in a cold wet Soil â—s Planted in February and in March in cold Countries â—d in hot in October and November It is Grafted either its own Stalk or on the Quince or Haw-thorn either the Stock or the Bark CHAP. XIV Of the Pomegranate-tree how it must Ordered Grafted and Improved AMongst the strange Fruit there is none of them coâ—parable to the Pomegranate The tree is not Hiâ— the Leaf Narrow and of a very pleasant Green the Floâ—er Purple long like a Coffin the Apple that is compâ—ed with a thicker Rind is full of Grains within 〈◊〉 Pomegranate is sweet and sower This Tree only the Fig and the Vine the Body being cloven dieth nâ— the Branches are full of Prickles as the Gorst is It low both a hot Ground and a warm Air and liketh not â—tery Places In some hot Countries it groweth wild inâ— Bushes It is planted in the Spring-time the Roots beâ— watered with Hogs-dung and Stale It is Grafted upâ— its own Stock and also upon other Trees and likewâ— upon the Scion that grows from the Roots of the Tree And tho' it may be planted sundry Ways yet best Way is a Cubit in length smoothed with your Knâ— at both Ends and slope-wise in the Ground with hâ— its Ends well smothered with Hogs-dung and Stale 〈◊〉 much delighteth in the Myrtle insomuch as the Roâ— will meet and entangle together with delight Tâ— Fruit will grow without Kernels if Grafted in the Vâ— the Peth being taken out and the Set covered wâ— Earth and when it hath taken let it in the Spring pruned You shall have them keep a long while
are Planted from the Middle of Wâ—ter to the Ides of February but if you set tâ—â— Stones soon after the Fall of the Leaf let it be done 〈◊〉 November in a good and mellow Ground two Handfâ— deep they may be also set in February but then thâ— must be steeped in Lye three Days that they may tâ— sooner spring they are also Planted from the young Sâ— that grow from the Body of the Tree either in Januarâ— or the beginning of February the Roots being well câ—vered with Dung they prosper best in a rich and moâ—â— Ground and in a cold Country they are Grafted tâ—wards the End of March and are better in a clovâ— Stock than the Bark or else in January before thâ— Gum begin to drop out it is Grafted upon his owâ— Stock the Peach and the Almond There are sâ—veral Sorts of Plumbs whereof the Damsen is not thâ— least esteemed joying in a dry Ground and in a hâ—â— Country it is Grafted as the other Plumbs are Therâ— are divers coloured Plumbs white black purple anâ— red Wheat-plumbs and Horse-plumbs the Finger-plumbs are most commended bearing near the Length of a Man's Finger and blue in Colour but later The Damsens may be dryed in the Sun upon Lattises Leads or in an Oven some do dip them before either in Sea-water or in Brine and after dry them CHAP. XXII Of the Peach-tree and its Ordering c. Also of the Apricot-tree OF Peach-trees there are four Kinds but the chiefest are the Duraces and the Apricots In November in hot Countries and in others in January the Stones are to be set two Foot asunder in well dressed Grounds that when the young Trees are sprung up they may be removed but in the setting you must set the sharp end downwards and let them stand two or three Fingers in the Ground Wheresoever they grow they rejoyce in watery Grounds which Ground if you want look that you water them well so shall you have great Store of Fruit. Some would have them set in hot Countries and sandy Ground whereby they say that their Fruit will longer endure the better will also the Fruit be if as soon as you have eaten them you set the Stone with some part of the Fruit cleaving to it It is Grafted either on himself Almond or the Plumb-tree The Apples of Armenia or Abricot do far excel the Peach used as a great dainty amongst the Nobility and Gentry and much desired of the Sick They are best Grafted in the Plumb as the Peach in the Almond-tree The fairest Grafts that grow next to the body of the Tree are to be chosen and grafted in Jan. or Feb. in cold Countries and in November in hot for if you take those that grow in the Top they will either not grow or if they grow not long endure You may inoculate or imbud them in April or May the Stock being cut out aloft and many young Buds set in neither must you suffeâ— them to stand very far from the other that they may the better defend themselves from the heat of the Sun The Frenchmen and our Gardeners also do Graft the Abricot taking a Graft not full a Finger long oâ— the Bud that is well shot out with a little of the Rinâ— cut off and slitting the Rind of a Plum-tree cross-wise they set them in binding them strongly about with Hemp or Tow. Some do hold they will be red if they be either Grafted in the Plumb-tree or have Roses seâ— underneath them they will be figured or written in if seven Days after that you have set the Stone when iâ— begins to open you take out the Kernel and with Vermillion or any other Colour you may Counterfeiâ— what you will after the Stone is closed up about it and covered with Clay or Hogs-dung you set it in the Ground Again you shall have them with Stones if you pierce the Tree thro' and fill it up with a Pin of Willow oâ— Cornet-tree the Pith being had out but these Things 〈◊〉 will not certify as Truth but leave them to Experiment as not having tryed them The Roots of the Tree musâ— be cut and dressed in the Fall of the Leaf and dunged with its own Leaves you should also at this Time prune them and rid them of all rotten and dead Boughs Iâ— the Tree prosper not pour upon the Roots the Lees oâ— old Wine mingled with Water Against the Heat of the Sun heap up the Earth about them water them in the Evening and shadow them as well as you may Against the Frosts lay on Dung enough or the Lees of Wine mingled with Water or Water wherein Beans have been sodden if it be hurt with Worms or such Verâ— mine pour on it the Urine of Oxen mixed with a third part of Vinegar CHAP. XXIII Of the Date-tree and how it may be Propagated THE Date-tree it groweth in a mild gravelly Ground and delighteth in a watery Soil and tho' it deâ—res to have Water all the Year long yet in a dry Year 〈◊〉 bears the better therefore some think that Dung is â—urtful unto it About the River Nilus and in the Eastâ—arts it groweth Plenteously where they use to make â—oth Wine and Bread of it This Tree in Europe for â—he most part is Barren tho' for Novelty sake it hath â—een Planted of many as an Adorment to an Orâ—hard The Stones of Dates are to be Planted in Trenâ—hes of a Cubit in Depth and Breadth the Trench fill'd â—p with any Manner of Dung except Goats Dung then 〈◊〉 the midst of the Heap set your Stones so as the sharper â—art stand upward others would have it stand towards â—he East And after when first they have sprinkled â—hereon a little Salt they cover them with Earth well â—ingled with Dung and every Day while it Springeth â—hey water it some remove it after a Year's growth â—ho some let it grow till it be great Moreover because 〈◊〉 delighteth in Salt Ground the Roots must be dressâ—d every Year and Salt thrown upon them and so will 〈◊〉 quickly grow to be a great Tree The Sets are not â—resently to be put into the Ground but first to set in â—arthern Pots and when they have taken Root to be â—emoved Date-trees have such a Delight one in the other â—hat they bend themselves to touch together and if they â—row alone they wax Barren They are planted as Pliny saith of the Branches two Cubits long growing â—rom the Top of the Tree also of the slips and slivers The same Author affirmeth that about Babylon the very â—eaf if it be set groweth Of the Almond-Tree THE Almond-tree will grow and flourish well in Enâ—land if planted in warm Soil and exposed to tâ— Sun It is properly grafted on the Philbert and whâ— once it gets a Head it grows a-pace In Time with goâ— Diligence in dunging the Root of it with Swines dunâ— and Water beareth considerably It Flowers early whiâ— is of a reddish Colour and if for no
other than this 〈◊〉 much graces an Orchard but it has been known to be much Fruit some bitter some sweet according to tâ— Nature of the Tree or Graft Of the Barberry-tree THE Barberry-tree challenges a Place in an Orcharâ— amongst others by Reason of the usefulness of 〈◊〉 Fruit on sundry Occasions There are several Sorts 〈◊〉 these Trees tho' but one only common above which that to be preferred that beareth its Berries without Stone there is likewise another Sort differing from the common Kind bearing its Berries twice as big being tâ— most excellent of all others for preserving and maâ—ing Marmalade These are best planted on risâ— Banks where too much Moisture may not afflict 〈◊〉 Root Of the Gooseberry and Currant-trees OF these that grow in Orchards tho' under Trees 〈◊〉 Shrubs may well be accounted the Gooseberrâ— and currant-trees being Fruits that make excelleâ— Wine comparable to many others Of Gooseberries there are many Sorts and Colours thâ— white Holland or Dutch Gooseberry is of these the fairesâ— and the best Bearer of all others the Berries are whiâ— and transparent large smooth and round There is a Soâ— â—f green Gooseberries well tasted and deserving Commendation These Trees propagate with little Cost or â—abour and from the beginning of May to the middle of June their Berries are very useful for Tarts preserving making Sauces to be eaten raw for Concoction and creâ—ting of a good Digestion also to make Wine as I have said by clean pressing out of the Juice clarifying it and â—ottling it up with a little Loaf Sugar to feed on and â—ike out the Tartness A good Spirit may be distilled â—rom them when ripe if bruised and mix'd with Water coming very near Brandy There are a red Sort a very plentiful Bearer As for the Currants there are the white red and black These Trees are propagated with little Charge growing almost on any Ground and these with the foregoing may â—he planted in Intervals of Orchards As the red they are accounted the best for Preserving and being used in Confections moreover they produce a cool Wine being ordered as Gooseberries more pleasant to the Taste than any French Wine and held much wholesomer This as the Gooseberry may be set of slips with little Roots on rising Ground where the Sun can come at them to enlarge and ripen the Fruit The black are mostly to be used in Physical Matters Of the Rasberry-tree RAsberries claim a place in this Book for tho' it be but a Shrub it affords a delicious Fruit useful on sundry Occasions It delights in mellow Clay or loving Ground mingled with other good Earth to be set on little rising Hills or Banks in the Out-Borders of the Orchard by Ditch-sides but not in too moist Places for overmuch Wet rots the Root Of the Fig-tree THE Fig-tree grows upright of itself in Orchards and bears good Fruit as the great Blue Fig which usually comes to Ripeness and is of a delicious Taste other Sorts there are but being brought out of hot Countries and planted here the cold Weather coming on before their Fruit can well ripen they mostly cast it so that it comes to nothing The Fig may be well Grafted on the Mulberry and then it bears the pleasanter Fruit and Prospers best and when the Fruit appears weâ—â— grown Pluck off many of the shading Leafs that the Heat of the Sun coming to it it may better ripen and eat the kinder Of the Cornelian Cherry-tree and Orange-tree COrnelian Cherries much Grace an Orchard they may be set of the Stones and will grow up to Plants and Ingrafted on their own Stocks they bear a pleasanâ— Fruit and may be kept for Tarts and other Uses thâ— greater part of the Year as being much Harder and Firmer than others but not much planted but in choice Orchards and more for Pleasure than for Profit These are the principal standing or upright Trees belonging to an Orchard that grow without Support that I at presenâ— have accasion to Discourse of bringing great Advantage to the Industrious Arborist or Gardener only I shall add to them my Observation on some others termed Separate and usually called Wall-fruit or Supported-fruit as the Vine and such like who best prosper where there is a Reflection of the Sun to make the Heat the stronger and more powerful to Enliven Impregnate and Ripen such Fruit which in shady Places would come to little The Orange-trees curiously grace an Orchard but naturally growing in hot Countries are so tender that they must be planted in Pots Wickers or Wooden Troughs to be removed into the Green-house in Winter therefore when I come to speak of that I shall be larger on thiâ— excellent Tree CHAP. XXIV Wall-fruit-trees how best to Order them their Virtues c. THE Vine among these is accounted the Queen proving delicious Clusters as are not only pleasant to â—he Taste but reviving to the Spirits and healthful to the â—ody and it has been more cherished in England than at â—resent many spacious Grounds tho' now turned into Grass or Cornfields retaining yet the Name of Vineyards â—s that on the backside the Church of Camberwel in Surry â—nd many others from the Vines that have been formerâ—y Planted there tho' now totally Eradicated and no â—oubt store of Wines by well Planting Manuring Dresâ—ing and other good Management of Vines might be â—ill produced equally to that brought out of France and Germony but my purpose is now to speak of Wall-vines The Vine is best propagated by Layers of a good bearâ—ng Vine bent and layed in the Earth staked in about 4 or 5 Inches with good Mould and Turf upon it and aâ—out half a Yard rising upright which may be supportâ—d by a Stick stuck in the Ground and it will take Root which being cut short and set about the beginning of March will grow very well but ever observe to set â—hem to a Wall Pales or Houses side c. where the Morning Noon or Evening Sun or all of them may â—ave full Power for without the Influence of the Sun this Tree beareth not to any purpose bringing forth small Grapes which seldom ripen for the Season advancing â—he nipping Frosts come on them and wither them before â—hey can do it Some Eminent Gardeners allow it may â—e Grafted on the Cherry-tree or Elm of these there are many Kinds but the best Bearer in our Climate is the Parsly Vine bringing abundace of Fruit with good Maâ—agement to Perfection The Fox grape is a fair and â—rge Fruit bearing pretty well The Rhenish-grape Paris Grape and small Muscadel are pretty well suite to our Clime The Currant Grape is the earliest aâ— sweetest though they are but small Great care for the improving of the Vine must be Prune it before the Sap rises viz. in March and naâ— them up conveniently with a Slip of old Bud or soâ— Leather that the Branches may spread conveniently tâ—â— the Sun and the warm breathing of the South and Western
will a young number of Suckers arise from the â—â—â—ot which being taken off with some of the Root sliced with them and moist Earth about them as much as may be are easily planted and in a little Time will be â—it to be grafted on for Pears and raise a good Encrease and this way also Plumb stocks may be raised and you may be abundantly furnished of your own without beâ—â—g beholden to others CHAP. XXVIII Some further Observations in the Transplanting of Fruit-trees with the Errors of some therein discovered I Hold it tho' upon necessity or Emergency it may be done at other Seasons the best Time to transplant Trees is the Autumnal Quarter especiallly those that â—ose their Leaves and are naked all Winter whether they â—re young Stocks of new grafted Trees or of longer â—tanding and it is a good Time to do it when you perceive they have done growing in the Branch which may â—e known or Ends of the Branches of the Tops if â—hey be closed and shut up they may be removed withâ—ut Danger tho' in August but September is a general proper Time and also in October In taking up Plants great Care and Skill is required â—y the Remover See the spreading Roots be left on â—ho you must according as the Root is take of so much 〈◊〉 the Earth may come conveniently to close about the â—est and fasten on it every way that taking good hold 〈◊〉 may spread the better and in removal you will obâ—erve the younger Trees thrive better than the elder and â—any Times on an equal Soil over take them in Growth â—pon a remove of one and the same Time Plant not too deep for the over-turf is always richeâ— than the next Mould and in very moist Ground Plâ—â—â— the nearer the Surface that the Roots spreading mâ—â— avoid the Spume for planting too deep in any Ground much injures the growth of the Tree by reason the heaâ— of the Sun cannot penetrate the Earth to its Root there by to enliven it and shooting mostly downward it such in cold damp Spume which digests not into good Sapâ— whereby the Tree is enfeebled and not of force to brinâ— forth its Fruit in Proportion and many Times in thâ— depth the Roots meet with Chalk or Gravel whiâ— hinder their Progress In transplanting young Trees as you leave not on 〈◊〉 the Roots so neither must all the Branches takinâ— away the Tops of the Branches of Apples and Pears bâ—â— not of Plumbs Cherries or Walnuts It is no smalâ— Check to Plants to be removed out of a warm Soil in a cold one nor transplant Trees out of a lean Grounâ— into a very fat Soil for the sudden Alteration will 〈◊〉 near to destroy them or much hinder them from prospering and therefore tho' the Ground must necessarily bâ— better yet it must be by such Degrees as may be agreeable with the Tree transplanted Many plant Fruit-trees unfit for the Country or Soâ— wherein they plant them and their Care is to châ—â— Grafts of the first Kind and the fairest plants to looâ— upon not considering by the way that such kinds wiâ—â— prosper and bear Fruit well in those Climates and placeâ— where they plant them And hence it often is that manâ— who have fair and goodly Fruit-trees have little Frâ—â— from them It is an excellent Rule to chuse those kinds of Fruiâ— which yourself or others find by many Years Expeâ—â—ce to be good bearing Trees in those parts nearest 〈◊〉 your Orchard altho' the Fruit be not altogether so gooâ— as some others at greater Distance There is another Error in desiring the largest and faâ—est plants expecting such Trees will soonest improâ— and yield Encrease whereas great plants many of them â—e and others unless rather by Chance than any warâ—anted Certainty live very poorly whilst smaller plants well removed live generally and often thrive more in two or three Years than the great ones in six or seven for the removing great plants is to Nature a very great Check such as many Times it is not able to recover Another Error is that some unskilful Gardener break â—f the Buds upon the Stocks grafted on before the Grafts put forth insinuating it will receive the more Sap when those Wounds indeed put a check to the Saps rising and are more properly taken away when the Graft is united to the Bark of the Stock and has gathered strength from the Sap putting out Leaves and small Branches And some there are that graft young plants coming of Stones or Seeds where they were sowed or planted without removing which is not at all so proper for Growth THE Gardener's Almanack Containing what is to be donâ— in or relating to their Orchard in theâ— proper Seasons throughout the Year in each particular Month. Aquarus â™’ or the Skinker Things proper to be done in the Orchard iâ— the Month of JANUARY PRepare such Soil as is suitable to the Nature oâ— the Earth you plant in make ready the Grounâ— against the Spring by Trenching c. Lay oâ— Dung where there is occasion as your provideâ— Stores of Horse Neats and Sheeps Dung of two Yeaâ— old mingle with it in the Lay-stall some Loam anâ— under Pasture fine Mould mingle and stir them with thâ— Dung and skreen it well when laid on that it may thâ— easier melt and soak in by the falling Showers As foâ— the Fig tree the Dung of Pidgeons or Poultry is very nourishing when the first Heat is passed Let your Horseâ—â—ng e're laid on be exceeding rotten lest it infect the Ground with Knot-grass which is much offensive Apricots and Peaches require little but rather a natural or improved fat mellow Soil Dig Borders and uncover Tree-roots where you see occasion as where Ablequation is required transplant Fruit-trees set Quicksets for good Fencing plant Vines â—nd make a beginning to prune old Trees and the Branches of yound Orchard-fruit that are pretty well grown and that towards the decrease of the Moon but such as are young and tender disbranch not till the sap begins to stir that the Wound with the Scars that the Frosts imprint may be the easier cured cut away all the Shoots of August especially from Wall-fruit and observe in cutting the Fruit-buds from the Leaf-buds and the former may be known by their being more fuller and swelling and them you must preserve as much as may be cut slanting upwards that no Rags nor Splits be left and in taking off a whole Limb or Branch take it close to the Stem that the Bark may the sooner close over it rub off the Buds that put forth on Wall-fruit Trees between the Stem and the Wall or opposite Keep the Palisado and Wall-trees from too much aspiring that they may spread the better and be of a regular beautiful Form like the spreading of a Fan and bear the better by being kept the closer to the Ground Take off Water-boughs from Standards and the unbearing Branches of Wall-fruit but do not prune such
Good Cherries The Egriot Brigzsaux Great Bearer Morella Morocco-cherry and Carnations Peaches The Violet Muscat Nutmeg Peach Isabella Newington Persian and Rombovillet Plumbs Lady Elizabeth Primordial Damsens Myrbolans Blue and Red and Amber Violet Violet or Cheâ—â—plumb the Kings Plumb Deny Damask Pear-plumb â—namon-plumb Spanish Morocco-plumb Tawny and Abrâ—cot-plumb Apples The Marget-apple Deaux-ans Winter Rusâ—ting Pippins Andrew-apple Janeting Cinamon-appâ— Red and White Pears The Green-chesil Pearl-pear the Primat Ruâ—pear Summer-pears Gooseberries Currants Rasberries Strawberries â—lonsa Virgo â™ or the Virgin-Sign AUGUST BEgin not early to Inoculate gather Buds of thâ— Year and do it before you remove the Stockâ— Cut away the superfluous Branches and such Shoots 〈◊〉 are found of these second Spring but do not disrobe 〈◊〉 Fruit of too many Leaves whereby they may be 〈◊〉 too open to the scorching of the Sun Nail up such you leave on to cover the Wall's defects still take awâ—â— the superfluous Branches from the Vines but not so miâ— as to expose the Grapes too much to the Sun's heat 〈◊〉 they lose their Plumpness and ripen unkindly Pluck 〈◊〉 Suckers Release and unbind the Buds you have Inoculated 〈◊〉 they have taken prune and stop them make Cydâ— and Summer Perry Now is the exact Season for the Orange-tree's Bâ—ding therefore at the commencement of this Month Iâ—culate upon Seed-stocks of 4 Springs and to have thâ— better Buds cut off the Top of some aged Orange-treâ— which is of a growing kind and so get good Shoots About Bartholomew-tide lay your choice Greens as â—â—mmons Oranges Mirtles Jesamin Philareus Arbutus â—eanders and excellent Shrubs as the Pomegranates â—â—d such as will not endure the Nipping of the Frosts â—aking the Branches and Shoots of the Spring stake them â—own with little Hook-stakes in very Fertile Earth well â—iled with Soil that is consumed Water them during 〈◊〉 hot Weather on all convenient Times and when 〈◊〉 Month returns again they will be fit to remove â—ansplant them into suitable Earth and place them in â—e shade so that they may be kept moderately moist â—ut not too wet for fear of Rotting the Fibres of the â—oots and at the End of three Weeks find out an Airier place to set them in till the End of fifteen Days Fruits in Season Prime and yet remaining Sound Apples Sheeps-snout Kirham-apple May-flower Seamâ—ng-apple Cushion-apple Ladies Longing Spicing-apple John-apple Pippin Pears The Slipper-pear Burgomot Red Catharine Soâ—ereign Windsor Orange the Prussia-pear King Catharine the Deny-pear Sugar-pear Summer-poppings the Lording-pear c. Nectarines The Cluster-nectarine the Yellow-nectarine the Murcy-nectarine the Tawny Red-roman the Little Green-nectarine c. Abricots and Peaches The Savoy Mala-cottoon the Peach des Pot the Roman-peach Quince-peach Man-peach Burdeaux-peach Crown-peach Rambovillet Musk-peach Grand Carnation Portugal-peach Lover-peach Plumbs The White Date Imperial-blew Black Pear-plumb Yellow Pear-plumb Late Pear-plumb Great Anthony Turkey-plumb White Nutmeg Jane-plumb Some other Fruits of this Month viz. Filberts Cornelians Cluster-grapes and Muscadine Currants Figs Melons c. Libra ♎ or the Ballance SEPTEMBER THIS is a proper Month to Gather the ripe Wâ—ter-fruit as Plumbs Apples Pears c. for if thâ— hang longer the Winds being boisterous will shake theâ— off and spoil them for keeping by their Fall obseâ— to gather them always in dry Weather and if the Seaâ— afford it when the Sun has sucked up the Dews and â—â—sture from the Fruit and Leaves Let at liberty the Bud you have Inoculated espeâ—â—ally if you perceive them pinch for in that case it mâ—â— be done sooner Lay on your Winter Store of Duâ— spread it finely and thinly that the Rain may soak it iâ— to fertilize the Ground Prune Pine and Fir-trees bâ—tween the ninth and twelfth of this Month if it wâ— neglected in March and this will prove the more prospâ—rous Season About Michaelmas House choice Green and the tenderest Plants in a convenient Conservatorâ— a Lemmons Oranges Barba Jovis Ammonium Dates c ordering them with refreshing Mould stirring up 〈◊〉 rest and so filling up the Cases that they may keep 〈◊〉 Roots warm as consumed and rich Soil to wash in anâ— nourish the Fibres keep the Windows open till thâ— Cold admonish you to shut them Set such Plants as agree not to be Housed into thâ— Earth placing their Pots and Cases lower than the Surface of the Bed and to expose them as much as may be to the South that the Sun may a little refresh them iâ— the Winter and the cold Northern Winds skreened off cloath them with dry and fresh Moss and then coveâ— them with Glasses but in open Weather under the favour of the Sun's warm Beams or falling of gentle Showers give them Air to revive and exhilerate them and keep them from the Annoyance of any Creature thaâ— may come to break bruise or otherwise spoil them Fruits in Season Prime and still remaining sound Grapes The Muscadine Grape the little Blue-Grape â—â—e Verjuice-Grape excellent for Pickling Peaches The Malacoton the Liver-Peach c. Pears The Messieur Jane Beze d' Hery Hambden's â—agomont Black Worcester the Rowling Pear the Green 〈◊〉 Orange the Summer bon Christien Frith-Pear Hedgeâ—â—r Lewis-Pear Brunswick Pear Winter Poppering Biâ—â—'s Pear Bing's Bear Diego Emperor's Pear Cluster-â—â—â— Balsam-Pear Enelyn Norwich-Pear Arundel-Pear â—â—en fielding Apples The William the Belle bonne the Summer â—ermain the Red Greening Ribed Violet Apple Bloody â—â—in Narvy-Apple Pear-Apple Lording-Apple Quince-â—â—ple and several others of less worth and note Scorpio â™ or the Scorpion OCTOBER NOW is the proper Time for Trenching Ground in order to the well laying it for Orchards that 〈◊〉 Winter may Mellow it Plant your dry Trees viz. â—ruit-Trees of all Sorts Wall-Trees Standard or â—hrubs such as lose their Leaves but let those for the â—all be not above two Years Grafting smooth and veâ—â— sound Ablequation is now in Season as for old unâ—riving Trees bear their Roots and of those that â—ver hastily blow stir well the Ground you have newly â—lanted Continue in the encrease of the Moon to gaâ—her Winter-Fruit that remains always observing to gaâ—â—er when they are dry and beware of Pinching or Bruiâ—ng them with your Fingers lest they Taint and Rot â—ly them in fresh Wheat Straw in your Loft and cover â—hem warm Plash and make up your Quickset Fences after the seâ—ond Year remove Grafts unless such as are intended for Dwarf-trees which may well be let alone till the thâ—â— Year Sow Hard and Stony and hard Kernel Seeds as thâ—â— of the Pear-plumb Heart-cherries Black-cherries Mâ—rello's the Stones of Almonds Apple Pear Crab Nuâ— c. Cleanse by Sweeping your Walks and Allies of tâ—â— Autumnal Leaves lest Rotting they Breed Insects to â—ny your Ground Cut away the Hedgy Grass spreâ— Mole-hills and scrape the Moss from off your Fruit-treeâ— Fruit in Season Prime or still remaining sound Pears The Lambert-Pear Russel-pear Green Butâ— Pear Cow-Pear Saffron-pear Russet-pear Petworth-peâ—â— Violet-pear or Winter Windsor-Pear Thorne-pear Cloâ— pear
them infuse in an earthen Vessel 2 or 3 Days close covered then bruise the Berries in the Wine and through a fine Linnen Bag strain and gently by degrees squeeze out the liquid part let it gently simper over a very moderate Fire or place a Stein in which it is on hot Wood-ashes or Embers scum off the Froth or what else arises strain it again and with a quarter of a Pound of Loaf-sugar to a Gallon let it settle then in half a Pint of White-wine boil about an Ounce of well scented Cinamon and two or three Blades of Mace an put the Wine strained from the Spices unto it and Bottle it up and so it will prove an excellent Drink and Cordial To make Mulberry Wine TAKE Mulberries just growing to be ripe that is when they are changing from red to black to a Gallon put a Quart of Rhenish Wine let them infuse in a close Vessel 44 Hours and then in all respects use them as the Rasberries and it will be a great Cooler on noâ— Weather and a Cordial in hot Diseases If the Liquid be too thick or incline to roping at any Time â—ver when you drink it you may add more Wine vs best suits your Palate and so you will find it answer you Cost and Labour To make Wine of Services THIS tho' not usual is very pleasant and Cordial and to make it Take the Services from the Stalks when they begin to be soft bruise them with your Hands that you may not break the Stones infuse them in warm Sherry a Gallon of them in 2 Quarts and as much clear Small-beer then strain and press out the liquid Part fine it and put Powder of white Sugar-candy a quarter of a Pound to a Gallon and bottle it up for use Thus having gone thro' whatever I conceive material to be practised for Advantage and Improvement in as Orchard c. I shall proceed to the like in the Delicacies of Gardening as to what relates to Profit and Pleasure which will be my succeeding Task in such a degree that nothing in Print has hitherto come near it by many degrees OF GARDENING And First of the KITCHEN-GARDEN That is necessary to be done and observed therein for Setting Sowing Rearing and Bringing to Perfection Seeds Herbs Plants Roots c. CHAP. I. Of the Soil Site and Form of a Plat of Ground suitable to be Improved for a Kitchen Ground THE main Thing in this as in the former is to find out a fitting Plat of Ground and if it be not Fertile of itself so to cultivate and manure it as it may answer your Expectations and in this especially at first there must be a great care taken or you may bestow much Labour and Cost to little perpose The Soil of an Orchard and Garden may be said only to differ in this that the Soil of the latter must be somewhat dryer than the former because Herbs and Flower being mostly more tender than Trees cannot well endure too much moisture or drought in such excessiâ—â— Measures as Trees will do and therefore chusing a moderate dry Soil if drought come it is easier remedieâ— than to take away wetness that infests the Ground from Springs or the Lowness of its lying whereby it receiveâ— and keeps long the Rain-water The Soil of your Garden must be plain and well levelled at every Square to be cast into the fittest Form aâ—â— the reason is the Garden-product want such Helps 〈◊〉 should stay the Water which an Orchard hath and thâ— Roots of Herbs being mellow or loose is soon either washed away or lose their Vigour by too much washiâ—â— and moisture Again if a Garden soil be not clear of Weeds especially of Knot-grass it will never produce any Thing kindly and as the Richness or Barrenness of the Soil appears to produce so manure less or more at first digging it up a full Spit or something more and trenching in the Dung so that upon the Falling of Showers it may soâ—â— indifferently alike to fertilize the whole Mass or such Plats as your particular Materials require And to keep down the Weeds sow Ashes mingled with a little slack'd Lime which will also destroy Worms and other Insects that infest Walks Alleys Borders devouring the Seed in the Earth or the tender Roots or Leaves of Plants when sprung up This must be done in October or November that all Things may be well prepared against the Spring having your Tools and Instruments always in a Readiness that no Occasion may be omitted to facilitate the Work in its proper Season As for the Site of your Garden it may be the same with that of your Orchard seeing they both tend to one main end of Profit and Pleasure however the leveller it lies the more commodiously it produces It must not be much exposed to bleak Winds for there are many tender Herbs Flowers and Plants necessary to be sowed set 〈◊〉 planted which will not live if that be admitted and 〈◊〉 will well prosper and therefore the Garden-plat â—â—st be well Fenced and Secured from the North and â—â—rth east Winds especially with high Walls or good â—icksets well lined and thickned with Shrubs at the â—â—tom not only to keep out the Cold but Cats Dogs â—â—res Conies and other Things that greatly annoy Garâ—â—ns especially in their first Propagating by Breaking 〈◊〉 Spoiling the tender Plants of Flowers as likewise do â—â—ultry which must not be permitted to enter Let your Garden-plat be designed as near as you can 〈◊〉 good wholesome Air not near any Fenny or Marshy â—â—ces or any other whence Damps Fogs or Stenches â—ay arise or Blasting Infectious Airs to blite or Poyson â—he Plants Herbs or Flowers As for the Form of the whole Plat of Ground the â—â—are is accounted most Commodious next that the 〈◊〉 the Oct-angular but here I can see no general â—â—le because every Ground cannot be accordingly proâ—â—rtioned and therefore it must be done as the conveniâ—â—ty will admit but as for special Forms in the lesser â—â—â—dens they are divided into many and particularly sâ—â—ares and of the Knots and other Fancies there are 〈◊〉 many Devices as the Gardener's Invention will admit 〈◊〉 for which the Skilful are to be commended in bringing with them Boards nailed to the Stakes driven well in the Ground into various curious Figures or to do it in naturally by setting of Box Aysop Privet Marjorum Lavender Draff Rosemary or the like in various Circiling Intwining or Mazy Forms so that Herbs Flowers and curious greens may grow in their proper order exceeding delightful to the Eye These may be made of green Turf planted with double Dazies or Violets made up with Brick Tile Trotter-bones or the like but they are best raised with Boards And indeed in Knots they are great Varieties as the Diamond-Squares or Ground-plat for Knots the Cinquefoil or many Mazy Branches like the Leaves of Cinquefoil the Cross-bow or Four bendings from the outsides of the Square like the
Savoys Lettice c. to order and improveâ— BEans are proper to the Kitchen-Garden Set thâ— in distant Rows in the utmost Parts of it witâ— setting Stick They thrive best in a rich stiff Land 〈◊〉 are to be put in to make them forward and large abâ— 5 or 6 Inches in the Ground between St. Andrew's-Dâ— and Christmas observing to do it at the Wane of 〈◊〉 Moon especially in an open Winter but if the 〈◊〉 comes hard after your Beans are spired it will go neâ— destroy them or stint their Growth when come up 〈◊〉 therefore if you apprehend this Danger you may deâ— your setting till Candlemas Set them at an equall â—stance one from another by a Line that they may 〈◊〉 room to grow up without encumbering each other 〈◊〉 the Air pass more freely between them as also the Sâ— warm Beams to mature them Range them for a beâ— conveniency of the Sun from South or North and betwâ— the Ranges for the better improvement of the Grouâ— you may sow Carrots Lettice Beats or the like To make Beans grow well if you sow them in 〈◊〉 Spring steep them in Water wherein Cow-dung and 〈◊〉 Dregs of Oyl have been well mixed When they first 〈◊〉 hoe the Earth or refresh the tender Stalks and cut the Weeds that incumber them when they have poddâ— cut off the Tops which will make an excellent Dish bâ—ed and buttered besides the Pods and Beans will 〈◊〉 the larger having the more Juice to nourish them froâ— the Root Stripe not off those that are first Ripe 〈◊〉 that wounds the Stalks and hinders the Growth of othâ— Pods but rather cut them off with a Knife Garden Pease for forwardness largeness and sweâ—ness above those of the Field are in great Esteem aâ—â— of these there are several Sorts that may be sown or sâ— some for Earliness others for Largeness and Pleasaâ—ness of Taste others for their Lateness when the us◠〈◊〉 is out of Season The Hotspur's become the soonest 〈◊〉 of all others from their Time of sowing To these â—ceed the large white Pease after them the large â—e Hastings and after them the large Rounceval â—en later than these comes those called from their â—eetness Sugar-Pease which in their Pods are much â—wered by the Birds and therefore must as much as 〈◊〉 be kept from them As for the Ground these best thrive in if you would â—e them large it must be a rich Mould but they will â—e more tender and sweet in a warm ordinary Soil As for those you design early sow them the latter end September or beginning of October that so before the â—st takes them they may get good Sprouting and some â—d and if the Slugs or white Snales come upon them â—ter Lime on the Rills and it will both destroy them keep the Roots warm from the Frost 〈◊〉 you would have a latter Crop of Pease sow them â—le before Midsummer-tide after a Shower is fallen or â—e Earth be moist with the Descending of the Dews Lay â—m deeper than the former in your Rills that the Sun â—ay not too much make away the Moisture of the Earth â—rom them When they come up draw the Earth to â—em with a Hoe and keep the Alleys free from Weeds â—d so do twice or thrice till they have got a Head and â—vercome the Weeds and thus they will come to Perfeâ—ion and be fit for the Table in September As for Rounâ—vals you may set them with a Stick as you do Beans â—d if you would have them grow high crop off the â—ops which will make an excellent boil'd Sallet and set the Bushes or Sticks in the Rows or Intervails that their â—ines may take hold on and the easier raise the weight â—f the Hawn from the Ground that the Sun may ripen â—e Pods the better and bring the Pease to a larger and â—er Perfection than otherwise lying on the Ground â—y would be French or Kidneys-Beans are very necesâ—â—ry for furnishing out the Kitchen-Garden with wholeâ—ome Food in the proper Season These are to be set in a mellow Ground set them with Setting-sticks as othâ— Beans and when they spring up set Wands with Sâ— or Branches to twist about that they may rise and spreâ— more to the Sun for ripening the Pods if when theâ— grow up in Summer the Weather be very dry waâ— them or the Stalks will pine for want of Moisture aâ— not produce the desired Effect The Snails are great aâ—noyers of these Beans and therefore whilst they are â—der they must be looked well after and cleared of em Artichoakes are greatly in esteem for their good Tasâ— pleasant Nourishment and their lasting a long Season 〈◊〉 there is difficulty requir'd in raising bringing 'em to bâ— a full Largeness but briefly take the following Directioâ— Prepare the Ground very well you intend to raise thâ— Plants in mix it very deep with good mellow Duâ— trench it well and raise a little laying it pretty lightâ— then for Plants take the slips that grow by the sides 〈◊〉 the Roots of the old Stubs which plant about the begiâ—ning of April or sooner if the great Frosts are over Aâ— you must take care to Water them till they are firmly Rooted when kindly Rains fall and the Season be verâ— dry plant them about four Foot asunder if in a Riâ— Ground that they may spread and their Heads be thâ— larger But if you expect not large ones by reason thâ— Soil will not produce them you may plant them nearer To preserve the Root for sending up new Shouls wheâ— the Fruit is cut leave the Stalks about 4 Inches froâ— the Ground raise the Earth lightly about them to keeâ— them warm in the Winter and afterward covering theâ— with Litter Straw or long Dung yet not too close to mouldy or rot them and when the Winter is past uncover them by little and little at three different times with about four Days Interval between lest the Air coming too suddenly to them injure them being as yet tender This done dress dig about them and trim them verâ— well taking of the small slips to transplant not leavinâ— above three of the strongest and most likely thriving to thâ— Foot of each Root for Bearers and supply the Roots aâ— deep as conveniently as you can with good fat Mould Every fifth Year it is proper to renew the whole Planâ—on because too long standing in one Place impoveâ—es the Earth that it produces but small Choaks yet 〈◊〉 good deep mellow Ground you may permit them to â—ntinue if you see fit till eight Years or longer Asparagus makes another dainty Dish and is highly â—ecessary to be planted in the Kitchen Garden This is â—ised of Seed requiring a good fat Soil and two Years â—owth may be transplanted into Beds These Beds must be well prepared with Dung first â—ging about two Foot deep and four Foot wide made â—el at the Bottom and so with some of the Mould 〈◊〉 goodrotten Dung and fill them up considering
or when they are somewhat grown and the Sun will hâ— more force upon them to make them grow up and ripeâ— and this will do well where the Ground is over moist 〈◊〉 that Things affecting Moisture may be set low and Thiâ— of a drier bearance higher In February or earlier you may make a hot Bed 〈◊〉 Cucumbers Mellons Radishes Colliflowers c. in 〈◊〉 warmest Place of your Ground desended from Winds 〈◊〉 much may by Pails Walls or Reed-fences about six 〈◊〉 seven Foot high of such a distance or capacity as the â—ccasion requires then you must raise your Bed about two or three Foot high and about three or four over of new â—ogs dung or at least not above six eight or ten Days old reading it very hard down on the Top and the better 〈◊〉 keep up the sides if there be occasion place Boards â—y fine rich Mould about three or four Inches thick and when the extream ferment or heat of the Beds is over which you may perceive at the end of five or six Days by â—rusting in your Find then set out or sow your Seeds 〈◊〉 the Magnitude or Nature of them requires This done erect some little forked Sticks four or five â—ches above the Bed that may support the Frame of â—icks which must be laid over and then cover'd with â—raw defend the Plants or Seeds from the Wet or Cold only in a warm Day you may open your Covering 〈◊〉 Hour before and after Noon and when they shoot still earth them up to keep the lower part warm and when they are pretty well grown and the Season enables them to bear the Weather you may transplant them Watering the proper Time and what Plants Herbs c. most require it and in what Seasons WAtering is one Thing exceeding necessary and some Plants require it much more than others or especially in dry Seasons they would be burnt up they must be mended with Water on their first Removal at whatsoever Season it be and therefore not to be neglected though early in the Spring yet be cautious in Watering the Leafs of the young and tender Plants rather confine it to the Earth about the Root lest the Heat mildew and injure them When the Plants or Seeds are more hardy yet you find the Nights very cold water in the Forenoon but when the Nights are warm and the Weather Warm let it be done in the Evening after Sun-set you may mâ— your Water with a little fine Mould to take away thâ— Harshness of it if it be Spring-water or be drawn froâ— some cold Pit or Well let it stand in the Sun in Tubs 〈◊〉 heat and air well but Pond or River-water is more soâ— and natural to Plants or Herbs and the better to atteâ— it and render it more acceptable you may infuse in it Heâ— dung Pidgeons or Sheeps dung and it will better even your Plants For Plants that are or are to be laâ— Cabbages Colliflowers Artichoaks c. you may 〈◊〉 the Ground sink a little like the Indenting of an Oystâ— shell that the Winter may the more direct press to 〈◊〉 Root yet Excess of Watering is dangerous for oâ— abundance will be apt to wash the Vigitive fertile Sâ— out of the Ground about the Root of the Plant and iâ— poverish it And you had better water seldom and do it thoroughly well than often and do it scanty for if the Waâ— comes not to the Bottom of the Root that the Fibrâ— may suck Moisture it little avails If the Season or Ground be very dry when you sâ— Seeds sow them somewhat deeper but water them 〈◊〉 till they have been in the Ground several Days and 〈◊〉 is well settled about them When you transplant water the Plant in Setting 〈◊〉 not superabundantly lest it chill the Root or Ground toâ— much Observe that the Water run not into Puddles but 〈◊〉 well and equally distributed with a Watering-pot 〈◊〉 other Vessel that has a Sievy Nose and by that Meâ— it will be sprinkled softly not for sorcing upon thâ— Earth but delating and gradually sinking into it to râ—fresh the Plants c. The several Sorts of Strawberries the Manner of Settiâ— Transplanting and Improving them STrawberries are very material to be produced fâ— the furnishing out of Banquets and many othâ— Things and of these there are divers Sorts worthy of a â—ardener's Care The great sort thrive excellent well in new broken â—eds or in such Places as they have not before grown â—specially on the Sides of mellow Banks where the Force â—f the Sun is convenient to nourish them As for the ordinary red ones you may furnish yourâ—elf with store of their Roots in new fallen Copsis or in â—nding Woods where Vacancies or Avenues lie open to â—e Sun The ordinary red and white Strawberries may be eiâ—er planted in Beds or the Sides of Banks as your â—arden gives most conveniency and will hold there for 〈◊〉 long Time but the large ones must be kept stringed â—nd removed every two or three Years and they require not so much the Sun-beams as the other they deâ—ight much in a sandy soil and the best Plants are such as come of the strings if well planted and ordered There are a sort of green Strawberries tho' not of common use and but in few Places to be found and â—hey lie on the Ground under the slender and tall Leaves â—ery green in Colour and sweet in Taste There is yet another sort a very excellent scarlet Coâ—our such as they call New England and there abound 〈◊〉 great Plenty but here they will grow well as has â—een proved in divers curious Gardens delighting in a mellow fat soil somewhat sandy To preserve these several sorts over the Winter that â—ay come earlier and prove better cover them from â—he Frosts with a little Straw Peashawm or such like â—elter and if you would have Strawberries in Autumn 〈◊〉 away the first Blossoms and being hindered blowing 〈◊〉 the Spring they will blow anew much later and bear â—n the latter Season To make Strawberries very large when they have 〈◊〉 one bearing cut them to the Ground keep their spires â—own strew Cow-dung or Pidgeon-dung on them and waâ—er them after it THE Gardener's Almanack OR Things proper to be done iâ— the Kitchen-Garden in the several Months of the Year Aquarius â™’ or the Skinker JANUARY What is required to be done in the Kitchen-Garden this Month. THIS Month prepare Dung for your Garden anâ— the Dung of Pidgeons or Poultry is excellent 〈◊〉 Asparagus and Strawberries c. when it has passed thâ— first Heat Dress your sweet-herb Beds rather every second Yeaâ— with new Mould then Dung or over-strong or rank Soiâ—dig Borders set Beans and Pease sow if you think coâ—venient for early Colliflowers sow Lettice Radisheâ— Charvil and other more curious Salleting and if yâ—â— see it convenient raise your hot Beds Set up Traps for Vermin among bulkous Roots that will now be in Danger Pisces ♓ or
of Perennial-greens Take your tender and choice Shrubs of the Conservator and air them in a fair Day and about the middle of thâ— Month if the Weather be fair and temperate else leâ— them remain till May and when you see Occasion to water them about four Gallons of warm Water wilâ— serve to do about Trees but let it be Rain or Pond Water which will most nourish them You may also graft your tender Shrubs and the like by approach as Jessamines Pomgranades Oranges Lemmons and the like Towards the end of the Month will be a proper Season to remove and transplant Oleanders Myrtles Spanish Jessamine young Orange-plants Pomgranades c. firsâ— suffering them to sprout placing them about a Fortnighâ— in the shade refresh and time them and also Spanish Jessamine within an Inch or two of the Stock when it begins to put out or shoot If the cold Winds are passed â—owards the end of the Month after gentle showers c. Clip Barba-jovis Box Cyprus Myrtle Phillyrea Alternus and to prevent Box smelling after it is clipped water it immediately and the scent will vanish In MAY What things are proper to be done BRing forth your Orange-trees remove and transplant them See the particular Manner of it in what relates to Orchard-management of Fruit-trees Give such housed Shrubs and Plants as you think â—ot convenient to bring yet Abroad fresh Earth at the surâ—ice a handful deep or somewhat more loosening the â—est of the Earth with a forked stick without bruising â—r wounding the Roots Brush and cleanse the Leafs of your Plants from dust 〈◊〉 some other ill conveniencies they have gathered in the Green-house and if you neither remove nor transplant â—hem take off the surface of the old Earth and finely â—ift on some rotten old Cow-dung From the several sorts of Greens except Orange's â—nd Lemmons you need not in taking up to transplant â—hem or trim the Roots much unless they are very â—uch intangled or matted and if they encrease in growth â—d stature remove them into large Pots or Cases and â—ut lesser into those you remove them out of and this â—eed not be done above once in two or three Years In JUNE What things are proper to be done NOw Inoculate Roses Jessamine and some other choice Shrubs set Slips of Myrtle in Cold moisâ— Ground and they will the better take Root Likewise by slips you may multiply Cytisus Innatus in Ground that is moderately moist but let them not exceeds handful in length and be of the same spring and use this Month neither Seeds nor Layers of them Water now such Things as require it trim up your Knots and put every Thing in order that by defect aecident or luxuriance have intangled or put themselves out oâ— decency or regular form and proceed to the place thâ— spreading shoots or tender slips of this Years growth in your Verdent Bowers or Arbours In JULY What things are proper to be done YOu may this Month continue to slip Myrtle Lawrels and other useful Greens Water Shrubs newly planted as also Layers of Granads Myrtle Orange-trees Amomum which Shrub must be frequently Watered and cannot well be done too much requiring likewise very much Compost to support it as do also thâ— Granads and Myrtles so that take care when you triâ— their Roots or change their Earth that you give theâ— the fattest and most natural Soil Inarch graft by Approach and inoculate Oranges Jesamine and other curious Shrubs Take up Autumnal Cyclamen gather the early Seeds of it and sow it in Pots About the latter end of this Month lay new Earth on the Surface of the Cases wherein your Orange-Trees are planted and cool them as much as you can and plunge your Pots in cool Earth to avoid the excessive heat of the Sun In AUGUST What Things are proper to be done c. THE beginning of this Month is the proper season for Success in Budding of Orange-Trees Therefore Inoculate seedling Stocks of about three or four Years growth and to have good Buds for this purpose take off the head of an old Orange-Tree that is of a good kind which will furnish you with the best by making large Shoots About the 24th of this Month is a proper and very safe Season to remove and lay your Perennial Greens Lemmons Oranges Myrtles Oleanpers Phllyreat Pomgranates Monthly Roses Arbutus Jesamines and other choice Shrubs and such as will endure the Frost peg the Shoot and Branch of the last Spring in very fertile Earth water them as you see occasion during the Summer and when this Time comes again the next Year you may transplant or remove them into fit Earth set in the shade with moderate Moisture but not too much lest it rot the young Fibres and then at three Weeks end place them in a more Airy Station but not till fifteen Days after you ought not to venture them in the Sun especially 〈◊〉 hot In SEPTEMBER Things proper to be done c. PLANT Irish-chalchidon and Cyclamen cotinue to sow Phillyria and Alternus and Anuals that are not impaired by the Frost Priune Pines and Firr-Trees somewhat after the Equinoctial if it was not done in March for I prefer that Month as a proper Season About Michaelmas later or sooner as the Weather proves reasonable fair without Fogs or great Mists is a proper Time to retire your tender Greens c. observing at the same Time that they be dry on the Leafs c. as Lemmons Oranges Indian and Spanish Jessamine Dates Ledon Clusi Aloes Sedums Oleanders Babha-Jovis Citysus Lunatus Amomum Plin Choemeleatricocces put them into your Conservatory with fresh Mould stirred amongst that which is on the Top of their Cases and Boxes then add rich and well consumed Soil for their better nourishment during the Winter but you need not shut the Doors and Windows of the House till the cold is much more increased and by its sharpness gives you warning to do it As for Myrtles they may be left Abroad till the latter end of October In OCTOBER Things proper to be done c. IN this Month you may sow Cyprus if the Frost be not rise but do not much clip your Shrubs of any kind sow Alternus and Philligra-seeds and look after your Green-House to place all Things in good Order and clear them of dead or decaying Leafs or any other Annoyances and remove such Things as are yet Abroad according to their Degrees bearing Cold into shelter and put Dung to the Roots of such as are yet left Abroad but not too much nor too hot lest it injure them to too much Heat so that they will be the less abler In NOVEMBER Things proper to be done c. THIS Month cover your young exposed Ever-Greens with Straw or Hawm if the Winds be very sharp lest they be dried up and spoiled and quite enclose your tender Plants Peranual-greens and choice Shrubs if the Frost come on in your Conservatory excluding particularly