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it_o delight_v in_o good_a land_n though_o almost_o in_o any_o other_o it_o will_v thrive_v as_o barren_a mountain_n land_n hardly_o fit_a for_o any_o other_o use_n but_o the_o much_o spread_n of_o the_o root_n where_o they_o stand_v near_o arable_a land_n hinder_v the_o plough_n and_o the_o water_n drop_v from_o they_o much_o injure_v the_o corn_n but_o wood_n coppice_n waste_v etc._n etc._n may_v be_v replenish_v with_o they_o they_o usual_o grow_v better_a where_o other_o timber_n have_v be_v fell_v or_o decay_v by_o a_o long_a growth_n in_o white_a and_o chalky_a land_n they_o prosper_v very_o well_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o those_o of_o a_o very_a large_a stature_n grow_v on_o such_o land_n in_o wiltshire_n hampshire_n and_o other_o county_n in_o england_n the_o lop_v and_o timber_n turn_v to_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n these_o tree_n may_v be_v propagate_v of_o the_o key_n sow_o gather_v in_o october_n or_o after_o when_o they_o be_v about_o fall_v off_o from_o the_o most_o thrive_a tree_n these_o may_v be_v sow_v in_o a_o nursery_n and_o the_o spring_n come_v twelvemonth_n they_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o transplant_v to_o such_o place_n as_o you_o design_n for_o a_o continue_a growth_n but_o this_o as_o of_o all_o other_o tree_n be_v a_o slow_a way_n and_o therefore_o i_o advise_v rather_o to_o get_v young_a set_v of_o a_o moderate_a size_n and_o cut_v not_o off_o the_o young_a top_n because_o they_o be_v very_o sappy_a if_o it_o be_v of_o the_o seed_n but_o if_o of_o the_o young_a plant_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o near_o the_o ground_n and_o if_o they_o take_v good_a root_n as_o they_o will_v soon_o do_v you_o need_v not_o fear_v but_o they_o will_v send_v up_o young_a shoot_v and_o grow_v apace_o and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o and_o decay_n if_o you_o cut_v they_o near_o the_o ground_n they_o will_v revive_v and_o sprout_v up_o with_o more_o speed_n and_o flourish_v exceed_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o have_v a_o grove_n of_o ash_n on_o a_o hill_n or_o in_o open_a ground_n set_v the_o seed_n in_o row_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a after_o the_o ground_n have_v be_v light_o break_v up_o let_v they_o be_v at_o some_o distance_n and_o many_o seed_n in_o a_o hole_n that_o some_o may_v infallible_o hit_v and_o without_o transplant_n they_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n spring_v to_o a_o good_a height_n but_o if_o many_o plant_n come_v up_o in_o one_o place_n remove_v the_o underling_n that_o the_o main_a plant_n may_v grow_v the_o free_a by_o be_v disencumbr_v but_o beware_v that_o cattle_n destroy_v they_o not_o when_o young_a you_o may_v plant_v they_o among_o other_o tree_n that_o be_v grow_v pretty_a well_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o their_o brouzing_n and_o from_o the_o bite_a cold_a the_o use_n of_o this_o wood_n be_v almost_o general_a be_v proper_a in_o building_n where_o season_v or_o well_o dry_v it_o stand_v the_o plow-wright_n and_o wheel-wright_n in_o great_a stead_n cooper_n and_o turner_n be_v much_o profit_v by_o they_o for_o pole_n it_o be_v excellent_a either_o for_o the_o support_a hop_n or_o any_o aspire_a thing_n that_o can_v without_o help_n support_v themselves_o and_o serve_v the_o husbandman_n and_o gardener_n for_o many_o tool_n and_o and_o utensil_n it_o be_v use_v in_o many_o thing_n about_o ship_n and_o in_o maritime_a utensil_n as_o for_o fuel_n it_o burn_v sweet_a wet_a or_o dry_a leave_v curious_a white_a ash_n behind_o they_o and_o little_a earthy_a part_n the_o leave_v stamp_v and_o lay_v to_o the_o bite_n of_o any_o venomous_a beast_n draw_v out_o the_o poison_n and_o with_o success_n the_o juice_n of_o the_o leave_n be_v drink_v against_o any_o poison_n inward_o receive_v the_o season_n for_o set_v the_o ash_n for_o the_o best_a growth_n be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o october_n or_o beginning_n of_o november_n till_o january_n for_o if_o the_o sap_n at_o set_v be_v but_o a_o little_a in_o the_o tree_n the_o worm_n take_v it_o and_o hinder_v the_o growth_n very_o much_o spoil_v in_o the_o end_n the_o timber_n i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o a_o ash_n at_o forty_o year_n growth_n from_o the_o key_n or_o seed_n have_v be_v sell_v stand_v for_o thirty_o pound_n and_o the_o person_n who_o buy_v it_o get_v ten_o pound_n by_o it_o when_o cut_v out_o into_o timber_n and_o fuel_n as_o for_o the_o walnut_n chesnut_n and_o service-tree_n they_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o wood_n yet_o bear_v fruit_n very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o owner_n as_o for_o the_o walnut_n it_o grow_v best_a on_o hill_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v tolerable_o good_a in_o a_o curious_a sandy_n or_o gravelly_a soil_n and_o beside_o the_o fruit_n that_o be_v delicious_a and_o nourish_a make_v good_a oil_n for_o sundry_a use_n the_o wood_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n for_o gunstock_n cabinet_n in-laying_a and_o many_o other_o thing_n this_o tree_n grow_v of_o set_v or_o nut_n to_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n though_o it_o rise_v not_o so_o fast_o as_o the_o ash_n and_o if_o you_o design_v their_o propogation_n by_o nut_n after_o you_o have_v lay_v they_o to_o sweat_v enter_v they_o in_o sand_n and_o at_o a_o month_n end_n put_v they_o into_o water_n and_o those_o that_o swim_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a but_o such_o as_o sink_v dry_v they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o sand_n a_o month_n more_o and_o then_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n set_v they_o and_o they_o thrive_v best_a unmoved_a therefore_o set_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o when_o they_o grow_v up_o fit_a for_o transplant_n if_o occasion_n require_v it_o mark_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o they_o stand_v on_o the_o bark_n and_o place_v they_o when_o remove_v direct_o the_o same_o way_n slip_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grow_a walnut-tree_n as_o they_o be_v well-springing_a up_o with_o some_o little_a of_o the_o root_n and_o bark_n with_o they_o and_o set_v in_o sandy_n or_o a_o mix_a soil_n etc._n etc._n the_o chesnut-tree_n be_v former_o very_a flourish_a in_o england_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o eminent_a ancient_a building_n who_o timber_n most_o consist_v of_o that_o wood_n be_v very_o firm_a and_o durable_a these_o may_v be_v raise_v from_o nut_n as_o the_o former_a viz._n spread_v they_o when_o they_o be_v so_o ripe_a that_o they_o drop_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o let_v they_o sweat_v a_o while_n then_o use_v they_o in_o all_o respect_n as_o the_o walnut_n set_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n in_o a_o mix_a soil_n for_o they_o thrive_v best_a unmoved_a you_o may_v set_v they_o in_o winter_n or_o autumn_n in_o or_o without_o their_o husk_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o with_o other_o mast_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o copice_n it_o be_v a_o very_a thrive_a tree_n produce_v extraordinary_a good_a pole_n for_o divers_a necessary_a use_n and_o in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n time_n grow_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o timber_n and_o bear_v plenty_n of_o nut_n this_o timber_n for_o durance_n and_o service_n be_v next_o to_o oak_n be_v plant_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o avenue_n it_o yield_v a_o pleasant_a shade_n and_o ornament_n the_o service-tree_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o berry_n as_o other_o mast_n may_v be_v which_o be_v ripe_a may_v be_v sow_o as_o other_o mast_n and_o they_o will_v grow_v apace_o or_o you_o may_v draw_v young_a plant_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o be_v overshade_v by_o other_o more_o spread_a tree_n and_o can_v wâ—ll_n come_v to_o their_o growth_n they_o cause_v a_o beautiful_a shade_n and_o the_o berry_n cause_v good_a digestion_n the_o wood_n be_v useful_a for_o joiner_n as_o be_v of_o a_o very_a delicate_a grain_n fit_a for_o many_o use_n it_o also_o yield_v beam_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n the_o birch_n be_v another_o tree_n very_o useful_a and_o profitable_a and_o will_v grow_v almost_o on_o any_o land_n so_o that_o barren_a land_n may_v be_v much_o improve_v by_o it_o it_o will_v thrive_v on_o hot_a burn_a sand_n in_o cold_a moist_a clay_n and_o in_o marshy_a ground_n boggy_a or_o stony_a place_n this_o be_v proper_o produce_v by_o sucker_n which_o may_v be_v plant_v at_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n distance_n and_o they_o will_v grow_v a_o great_a pace_n rising_z as_o it_o be_v sudden_o to_o tree_n after_o the_o first_o year_n they_o may_v be_v cut_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o will_v shoot_v out_o very_o strong_o this_o tree_n yield_v excellent_a sap_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o be_v prepare_v with_o honey_n or_o sugar_n into_o a_o wine_n be_v very_o medicable_a as_o well_o as_o a_o pleasant_a innocent_a liquor_n call_v birch-wine_n it_o may_v be_v extract_v by_o cut_v some_o small_a branch_n when_o the_o sap_n rise_v in_o the_o end_n of_o
the_o earth_n not_o be_v free_a from_o it_o but_o a_o curse_n of_o barrenness_n cast_v upon_o it_o also_o yet_o adam_n be_v send_v forth_o to_o till_o the_o earth_n and_o improve_v it_o in_o the_o sweat_n of_o his_o face_n he_o must_v eat_v bread_n until_o he_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n again_o and_o so_o down_o to_o abel_n the_o one_o husband_v the_o earth_n for_o tillage_n and_o the_o other_o the_o sheep_n in_o pasture_v and_o graze_v and_o so_o down_o to_o noah_n the_o first_o planter_n of_o the_o vine_n he_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o husbandman_n and_o to_o abraham_n and_o to_o jacob_n and_o to_o esau_n and_o so_o along_o from_o the_o patriarch_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o government_n of_o king_n where_o vzziah_n commendation_n be_v that_o he_o love_v husbandry_n 2_o chron._n 26.11_o and_o many_o excellent_a thing_n as_o if_o husbandry_n be_v most_o excellent_a as_o indeed_o it_o be_v here_o on_o earth_n where_o solomon_n the_o wise_a man_n be_v the_o second_o husbandman_n or_o improver_n of_o the_o world_n who_o you_o shall_v find_v out_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o his_o experience_n to_o cry_v up_o diligence_n and_o activity_n in_o good_a husbandry_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v we_o to_o the_o pismire_n declaim_v against_o the_o sluggard_n and_o slothful_a on_o who_o say_v he_o come_v poverty_n as_o a_o arm_a man_n he_o extol_v the_o diligent_a as_o fit_a to_o converse_v with_o king_n when_o the_o idle_a shall_v be_v under_o tribute_n for_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o life_n estate_n the_o commonwealth_n and_o a_o advancement_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o ingenuity_n be_v little_o less_o than_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o new_a world_n for_o what_o be_v gain_v hereby_o either_o above_o the_o natural_a fruitfulness_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o by_o reducement_n of_o that_o which_o be_v destroy_v or_o impoverish_v from_o its_o natural_a fruitfulness_n to_o a_o great_a fertility_n be_v a_o clear_a argumentation_n and_o addition_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o profit_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n all_o other_o calling_n but_o proceed_v hence_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o very_a womb_n that_o bear_v all_o and_o the_o mother_n that_o must_v nourish_v and_o maintain_v all_o the_o merchant_n be_v a_o gallant_a servant_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o fetch_v his_o riches_n from_o far_o and_o he_o be_v a_o worthy_a contributer_n to_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o he_o produce_v it_o from_o other_o who_o can_v themselves_o make_v great_a profit_n of_o it_o and_o though_o he_o gain_v a_o great_a estate_n yet_o he_o raise_v it_o not_o out_o of_o nothing_o but_o part_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o with_o commodity_n for_o it_o but_o this_o merchant_n of_o husbandry_n he_o raise_v it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o will_v yield_v little_a unless_o his_o ingenuity_n dig_v and_o sethe_v it_o out_o otherwise_o possible_o it_o have_v never_o be_v so_o discover_v as_o to_o have_v be_v there_o and_o what_o part_n he_o with_o for_o it_o what_o rate_n purchase_v he_o it_o at_o even_o only_o by_o his_o ingenuous_a industry_n and_o with_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o labour_a man_n who_o he_o be_v bind_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n to_o allow_v a_o competent_a maintenance_n oh_o the_o excellency_n integrity_n and_o use_v of_o husbandry_n prov._n 11.26_o a_o blessing_n be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o he_o that_o till_v corn_n and_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o diligent_a bring_v abundance_n to_o conclude_v with_o few_o word_n as_o for_o the_o term_n of_o husbandry_n i_o resolve_v to_o deliver_v myself_o in_o our_o own_o native_a country_n ordinary_a and_o homespun_a language_n not_o slight_v those_o ancient_a term_n which_o be_v use_v in_o several_a country_n the_o better_a to_o acquaint_v my_o countryman_n with_o they_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v do_v as_o brief_o as_o possible_o i_o may_v to_o render_v myself_o acceptable_a to_o my_o reader_n be_v clear_a apprehension_n chap._n i._n how_o to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n many_o count_v that_o to_o be_v the_o best_a ground_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n be_v level_a and_o towards_o the_o sun_n in_o cold_a and_o northerly_a country_n it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v the_o land_n to_o be_v east_n and_o south_n lest_o these_o two_o quarter_n be_v hard_o off_o by_o a_o hill_n the_o land_n be_v freeze_v with_o cold_a but_o in_o hot_a country_n it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v the_o ground_n lie_v north_n both_o for_o pleasure_n and_o health_n you_o may_v soon_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o every_o ground_n than_o of_o man_n themselves_o for_o the_o ground_n be_v well_o till_v can_v hardly_o deceive_v you_o to_o know_v the_o nature_n therefore_o of_o every_o ground_n you_o must_v mark_v well_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o yield_v of_o the_o country_n except_o you_o will_v lose_v your_o labour_n look_v whether_o there_o be_v in_o the_o land_n either_o stone_n marble_n sand_n gravel_n raddel_n chalk_n day_n prebile_a or_o carbuncle_n that_o be_v ground_n overheat_v and_o parch_v with_o the_o sun_n which_o will_v burn_v the_o root_n of_o whatsoever_o come_v in_o it_o also_o if_o it_o be_v wet_a or_o weep_a ground_n or_o subject_n to_o such_o other_o inconvenience_n and_o such_o ground_n also_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o some_o country_n stone_n ground_n be_v altogether_o barren_a especial_o for_o corn_n and_o fruit_n in_o other_o place_n again_o they_o use_v stone_n in_o the_o manure_n and_o better_v of_o their_o ground_n in_o some_o place_n in_o stony_a and_o hilly_a ground_n oat_n do_v prosper_v well_o in_o like_a manner_n also_o in_o all_o country_n you_o must_v regard_v the_o layre_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o seed_n that_o we_o sow_v for_o gravel_n in_o some_o place_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o ground_n instead_o of_o dung_n and_o some_o thing_n prosper_v best_a in_o gravelly_a ground_n it_o be_v also_o something_o to_o the_o purpose_n whether_o the_o gravel_n be_v white_a red_a or_o yellow_a beside_o pure_a ground_n do_v deceive_v both_o with_o colour_n and_o quality_n in_o some_o country_n the_o black_a mould_n be_v only_o esteem_v in_o other_o the_o fat_a red_a mould_n be_v think_v best_a in_o other_o place_n the_o chalky_a ground_n bear_v good_a corn_n and_o pasture_n very_o well_o in_o some_o place_n the_o thick_a and_o clammy_a ground_n be_v most_o fruitful_a in_o all_o these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v what_o be_v best_a for_o the_o hilly_a ground_n what_o for_o the_o valley_n what_o for_o the_o till_v what_o for_o the_o lay_v ground_n what_o the_o most_o sedgy_a ground_n require_v and_o what_o the_o dry_a and_o barren_a also_o in_o plant_v what_o ground_n be_v best_a for_o vine_n what_o for_o other_o tree_n what_o delight_v in_o dry_a ground_n and_o what_o in_o moist_a ground_n virgil_n commend_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v fat_a for_o such_o ground_n be_v till_v with_o small_a charge_n and_o labour_n the_o next_o that_o which_o be_v fat_a and_o stiff_a which_o great_o recompense_v the_o husbandman_n travail_n and_o charge_n the_o worst_a be_v that_o which_o be_v dry_a lean_a and_o stiff_a for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o till_v with_o great_a pain_n but_o also_o it_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o husbandman_n expectation_n in_o his_o crop_n neither_o at_o any_o time_n serve_v it_o for_o good_a meadow_n or_o pasture_n and_o therefore_o such_o ground_n be_v not_o to_o be_v meddle_v withal_o also_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v by_o these_o signâ—_n and_o follow_v token_n for_o a_o cold_a clod_n sprinkle_v with_o a_o little_a water_n if_o in_o work_v with_o the_o hand_n it_o be_v clammy_a and_o cleave_v and_o stick_v to_o the_o finger_n like_o pitch_n when_o it_o be_v handle_v and_o break_v not_o in_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n this_o show_v a_o natural_a fatness_n and_o richness_n to_o be_v in_o it_o beside_o you_o may_v know_v the_o mould_n that_o be_v good_a for_o câ—â—â—_n if_o it_o bear_v bull_n rush_n thistle_n three-leaved_n grass_n dunwort_n bramble_n black_a thorn_n and_o such_o like_a as_o never_o grow_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o good_a ground_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o loathsome_a and_o ill-favoured_a weed_n declare_v a_o lean_a and_o a_o bitter_a ground_n fern_n and_o wither_a plant_n a_o cold_a ground_n sad_a and_o heavy_a colour_a a_o moist_a and_o a_o wet_a ground_n a_o raddel_n and_o a_o stony_a ground_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n a_o stiff_a and_o a_o tough_a clay_n by_o the_o labour_n and_o toil_n of_o the_o oxen._a it_o be_v also_o a_o
sign_n of_o a_o good_a ground_n where_o the_o crow_n and_o pie_n in_o great_a number_n follow_v the_o plough_n scrape_v in_o the_o step_v of_o the_o ploughman_n the_o goodness_n be_v likewise_o know_v if_o at_o the_o sunsetting_a after_o a_o rainbow_n and_o in_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n follow_v a_o drought_n it_o yield_v a_o pleasant_a succour_n also_o in_o taste_n it_o will_v appear_v if_o taste_v of_o a_o clod_n that_o have_v be_v water_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n you_o find_v it_o sweet_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o rich_a ground_n if_o bitter_a a_o great_a token_n of_o barren_a ground_n if_o it_o be_v saltish_a it_o be_v to_o be_v shun_v and_o not_o to_o be_v use_v you_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o ground_n will_v also_o change_v and_o of_o fruitful_a become_v barren_a which_o have_v be_v see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o our_o country_n beside_o one_o kind_n of_o ground_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o fertile_a will_v not_o bear_v all_o thing_n moreover_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n all_o country_n have_v not_o the_o wether_n and_o air_n alike_o wherefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a husbandman_n to_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o his_o ground_n and_o to_o mark_v the_o disposition_n of_o it_o for_o every_o season_n of_o the_o year_n he_o must_v also_o consider_v what_o crop_n be_v best_a for_o every_o layer_n some_o ground_n serve_v for_o corn_n some_o for_o meadow_n some_o for_o pasture_n neither_o may_v all_o thing_n be_v well_o sow_o in_o rich_a ground_n nor_o nothing_o in_o barren_a ground_n such_o thing_n as_o need_v not_o much_o moisture_n be_v best_a sow_o in_o light_a ground_n as_o the_o great_a claver_fw-la spery_n chich_n and_o the_o other_o pulse_n that_o be_v pull_v and_o not_o cut_v those_o that_o require_v much_o sustenance_n be_v sow_v in_o rich_a ground_n as_o potherb_n wheat_n rye_n barley_n linseed_n some_o of_o they_o do_v good_a in_o the_o year_n follow_v as_o lupin_n that_o be_v use_v to_o be_v sow_o for_o the_o better_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v difference_n also_o to_o be_v put_v betwixt_o fruit_n for_o pleasure_n and_o such_o as_o be_v for_o profit_n as_o fruit-tree_n and_o flower_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o yield_v both_o pleasure_n and_o sustenance_n and_o be_v also_o profitable_a to_o the_o ground_n you_o must_v choose_v for_o willow_n ofieâ—s_n and_o reed_n a_o wet_a and_o marshy_a ground_n and_o contrary_a where_o you_o will_v have_v corn_n and_o pulse_n that_o delight_n in_o dry_a ground_n sperage_n and_o suchlike_a must_v be_v sow_o in_o shady_a place_n and_o other_o ground_n for_o quickset_n timber_n mast_n and_o fuel_n yea_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v very_o gravelly_a and_o barren_a have_v its_o use_n where_o you_o may_v plant_v birch_n and_o suchlike_a and_o watery_a ground_n where_o you_o may_v set_v alder_n broom_n bulrush_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o dung_v of_o ground_n since_o in_o all_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v not_o of_o a_o like_a goodness_n if_o we_o chance_v upon_o a_o lean_a and_o a_o barren_a ground_n as_o heathy_a brushy_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o make_v these_o fruitful_a and_o to_o mend_v they_o by_o art_n for_o there_o be_v no_o country_n that_o our_o most_o gracious_a god_n have_v leave_v without_o sufficient_a yield_v if_o we_o use_v but_o our_o industry_n which_o may_v be_v happy_o employ_v divers_a way_n principal_o by_o dung_v and_o diligent_a labour_n to_o which_o purpose_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o know_v what_o dung_n do_v most_o enrich_v the_o earth_n the_o most_o expert_a of_o the_o ancient_a husbandman_n appoint_v three_o sort_n of_o dung_n the_o first_o of_o poultry_n the_o next_o of_o man_n the_o three_o of_o cattle_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n the_o best_a be_v have_v out_o of_o dove-house_n the_o next_o be_v of_o pulline_n and_o other_o fowl_n except_o goose_n and_o duck_n which_o be_v hurtful_a the_o ancient_n have_v such_o store_n of_o poultry_n and_o fowl_n as_o the_o dung_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v suffice_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o their_o ground_n the_o next_o to_o this_o be_v man_n ordure_n if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o other_o rubbish_n of_o the_o house_n for_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o burn_v the_o ground_n man_n urine_n be_v keep_v six_o month_n and_o pour_v upon_o the_o root_n of_o appletree_n and_o vine_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o give_v a_o pleasant_a taste_n to_o the_o fruit._n in_o the_o three_o place_n be_v the_o dung_n of_o cattle_n whereof_o the_o best_a be_v the_o dung_n of_o ass_n because_o this_o beast_n do_v chew_v with_o the_o most_o leisure_n whereby_o his_o meat_n be_v well_o digest_v be_v make_v the_o profitable_a dung_n next_o to_o this_o be_v the_o dung_n of_o sheep_n next_o of_o goat_n then_o of_o ox_n and_o horse_n the_o worst_a of_o swine_n very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o corn_n but_o use_v in_o some_o place_n for_o garden_n for_o want_v of_o other_o dung_n it_o be_v a_o great_a breeder_n of_o noisome_a weed_n the_o dung_n of_o horse_n likewise_o where_o they_o be_v feed_v with_o barley_n do_v breed_v weed_n the_o lupine_n before_o he_o bear_v his_o god_n be_v most_o commend_v be_v turn_v up_o with_o the_o plough_n or_o mattock_n and_o lay_v in_o bundle_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n or_o vine_n where_o they_o have_v no_o store_n of_o cattle_n they_o use_v to_o mend_v their_o ground_n with_o straw_n and_o fern_n and_o with_o the_o stalk_n of_o lupin_n and_o the_o branch_n lay_v together_o in_o some_o ditch_n hereunto_o you_o may_v cast_v ash_n the_o filth_n of_o sink_n and_o privy_n straw_n and_o other_o thing_n rake_v together_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n you_o must_v lay_v some_o sound_a substance_n against_o the_o breed_n of_o adder_n and_o snake_n also_o hemlock_n walwort_n and_o the_o weed_n grow_v about_o willow-tree_n and_o fern_n with_o other_o such_o rot_a weed_n you_o may_v gather_v and_o lay_v under_o your_o sheep_n they_o that_o dwell_v in_o gravelly_a and_o heathy_a ground_n do_v take_v the_o turn_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o heath_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o heap_n powder_v with_o a_o little_a dung_n suffer_v they_o to_o lie_v and_o rot_v and_o after_o lay_v it_o on_o barren_a ground_n but_o more_o especial_o when_o they_o keep_v great_a store_n of_o sheep_n they_o cast_v into_o their_o fold_n such_o turn_v pare_v from_o the_o ground_n columella_n count_v they_o but_o bad_a husband_n that_o have_v of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a kind_n of_o cattle_n less_o than_o a_o cartload_n of_o dung_n in_o three_o hundred_o day_n and_o each_o of_o the_o great_a sort_v ten_o load_n beside_o the_o filth_n and_o dirt_n of_o the_o yard_n this_o be_v also_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o dung_n that_o have_v lie_v a_o year_n be_v best_a for_o the_o corn_n for_o it_o both_o be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o breed_v less_o weed_n but_o upon_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n you_o must_v lay_v the_o new_a because_o it_o bring_v most_o grass_n and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v in_o february_n the_o moon_n increase_n for_o this_o be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o cause_n increase_v of_o grass_n in_o the_o manure_n of_o your_o ground_n look_v that_o you_o lay_v most_o dung_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n for_o the_o rain_n will_v drive_v it_o into_o the_o low_a part_n fast_o enough_o he_o that_o intend_v to_o have_v his_o ground_n to_o bear_v much_o corn_n if_o he_o mean_v to_o sow_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n must_v turn_v in_o his_o dung_n in_o september_n if_o in_o the_o spring_n he_o may_v lay_v it_o on_o in_o any_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n what_o time_n soever_o he_o do_v it_o he_o must_v look_v that_o the_o wind_n he_o westerly_a and_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o wain_n beside_o he_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o dung_n be_v dry_a when_o he_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n for_o lay_v it_o on_o while_o it_o be_v moist_a it_o do_v more_o harm_n to_o the_o ground_n than_o good_a as_o daily_a experience_n teach_v now_o as_o the_o land_n will_v wax_v cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o dung_v so_o will_v it_o be_v dry_v or_o burn_v if_o it_o be_v manure_v yearly_o or_o too_o much_o the_o watery_a ground_n require_v more_o store_n of_o dung_n and_o the_o dry_a ground_n the_o less_o in_o some_o place_n the_o scour_v of_o pond_n and_o ditch_n be_v use_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a land_n they_o make_v their_o land_n fruitful_a with_o lay_v on_o of_o chalk_n but_o long_o use_v of_o it_o make_v the_o ground_n stark_o nought_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v grow_v
have_v free_a access_n to_o it_o and_o three_o it_o be_v refresh_v by_o the_o toss_n it_o up_o and_o down_o to_o preserve_v rye_n or_o maslin_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o muck_n or_o blend-corn_n be_v a_o mixture_n of_o rye_n and_o wheat_n as_o for_o this_o sort_n of_o grain_n or_o for_o rye_n alone_o that_o which_o preserve_v the_o wheat_n will_v preserve_v the_o rye_n for_o they_o be_v grain_n of_o like_a nature_n only_o the_o rye_n be_v somewhat_o hot_a and_o dry_a and_o will_v continue_v good_a in_o moist_a place_n and_o therefore_o the_o plaister-floors_n with_o often_o turn_v be_v the_o proper_a to_o preserve_v it_o it_o will_v also_o do_v well_o in_o close_a hutche_n or_o in_o the_o pipe_n or_o dry-fat_a but_o be_v once_o open_v and_o the_o air_n free_o enter_v among_o it_o exceept_v it_o be_v soon_o spend_v it_o will_v putrify_v or_o taint_v to_o preserve_v oat_n after_o they_o be_v thrash_v and_o dry_v put_v they_o into_o a_o close_a graner_n or_o cask_n free_a from_o moisture_n and_o they_o will_v keep_v many_o year_n and_o oatmeal_n be_v preserve_v the_o same_o way_n though_o it_o be_v proper_a it_o shall_v if_o possible_a have_v some_o air_n of_o the_o fire_n for_o the_o warm_a it_o stand_v the_o long_a it_o will_v continue_v sweet_a and_o good_a as_o for_o the_o well-keeping_a of_o meal_n let_v it_o lie_v about_o a_o fortnight_n in_o the_o bran_n before_o you_o bolt_v it_o and_o then_o you_o will_v have_v near_o half_a a_o peck_n in_o a_o bushel_n more_o than_o if_o you_o have_v bolt_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o ground_n put_v it_o then_o in_o dry_a and_o well-seasoned_n cask_n tread_v it_o in_o by_o degree_n as_o hard_o as_o you_o can_v head_z it_o close_o from_o the_o air_n and_o when_o you_o take_v any_o out_o let_v no_o more_o be_v take_v out_o than_o what_o you_o present_o use_v and_o so_o it_o will_v keep_v well_o a_o long_a time_n but_o if_o it_o have_v come_v by_o sea_n or_o in_o rainy_a damp_n weather_n then_o lay_v it_o abroad_o on_o sheet_n and_o air_n it_o and_o it_o will_v keep_v it_o sweet_a and_o a_o little_a taint_v restore_v it_o to_o preserve_v pease_n or_o fetch_n which_o of_o all_o other_o grain_n be_v most_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n and_o imperfection_n be_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n apt_a to_o breed_v worm_n weavel_n or_o mite_n through_o the_o too_o much_o sweetness_n of_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o grain_n to_o keep_v they_o then_o long_o and_o good_a condition_v dry_v they_o either_o in_o a_o kiln_n or_o the_o sun_n especial_o those_o you_o use_v for_o diet_n or_o provender_n and_o lay_v they_o in_o graner_n or_o floor_n that_o be_v dry_a and_o they_o will_v last_o sound_n and_o good_a a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o corruption_n or_o breed_n infect_v lay_v they_o in_o thick_a heap_n and_o so_o they_o will_v be_v preserve_v moist_a the_o long_a time_n for_o if_o they_o be_v too_o much_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n by_o lie_v thin_a it_o take_v away_o part_n of_o their_o sweetness_n and_o goodness_n bean_n be_v another_o commodity_n very_o necessary_a and_o useful_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o therefore_o among_o other_o the_o well-keeping_a and_o preserve_v they_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v these_o be_v more_o gross_a and_o fat_a than_o any_o i_o have_v heretofore_o speak_v of_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fullness_n of_o their_o substance_n more_o subject_a to_o moisture_n and_o such_o damp_n humour_n as_o corrupt_v they_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o best_a way_n to_o thrash_n any_o more_o than_o what_o be_v for_o present_a use_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v kindly_a sweat_n in_o the_o mow_n or_o stack_n and_o become_v dry_a and_o hard_a not_o apt_a without_o bad_a keep_n to_o relent_v again_o then_o keep_v they_o either_o on_o plaster_n or_o board_v floor_n or_o well-made_a earthen_a one_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o day_n without_o toss_v or_o turn_v lay_v they_o as_o thick_a as_o you_o please_v for_o be_v once_o well_o dry_v they_o will_v not_o relent_v or_o you_o may_v put_v they_o up_o in_o barrel_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v have_v sweet_a oil_n in_o they_o and_o they_o will_v make_v they_o excellent_a good_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o kitchen_n if_o they_o be_v close_o cover_v and_o keep_v dry_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o certain_a mellowness_n that_o will_v be_v infuse_v into_o they_o and_o they_o will_v keep_v as_o many_o year_n as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v all_o small_a seed_n of_o any_o nature_n or_o quality_n soever_o gather_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v ripe_a in_o a_o clear_a sun-shiny_a day_n dry_a and_o wither_v they_o in_o the_o shade_n keep_v the_o sun_n and_o moisture_n from_o they_o then_o bound_v they_o up_o in_o bundle_n without_o thrash_v hang_v they_o up_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o own_o cod_n and_o they_o will_v last_v good_a a_o full_a year_n in_o preserve_v of_o lentil_o or_o lupin_n lay_v they_o together_o on_o a_o board_v floor_n in_o large_a broad_a and_o flat_a heap_n two_o foot_n or_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a sprinkle_v they_o with_o vinegar_n and_o lasarpitum_n and_o not_o any_o change_n of_o wether_n or_o vermin_n will_v do_v they_o hurt_v and_o they_o will_v keep_v many_o year_n and_o although_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v for_o humane_a food_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o profitable_a for_o the_o well_o feed_v of_o horse_n swine_n and_o other_o domestic_a cattle_n make_v they_o soon_o fat_a than_o any_o other_o ordinary_a pulse_n they_o be_v also_o physical_a and_o good_a for_o many_o medicine_n for_o remedy_v disease_n in_o cattle_n and_o the_o long_o they_o be_v well_o keep_v the_o more_o be_v their_o virtue_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v well_o esteem_v among_o other_o grain_n or_o pulse_n chap._n xxxv_o how_o the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v and_o order_n hop-vine_n to_o a_o great_a increase_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n since_o hops_n though_o former_o not_o esteem_v but_o account_v as_o a_o pernicious_a weed_n have_v in_o the_o latter_a age_n gain_v a_o general_a esteem_n and_o barren_a ground_n may_v be_v great_o improve_v by_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o bestow_v one_o chapter_n in_o this_o book_n in_o direction_n how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v order_v and_o improve_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n consider_v then_o that_o this_o plant_n be_v very_o tender_a and_o will_v not_o thrive_v to_o any_o advantage_n on_o too_o rich_a or_o too_o poor_a a_o ground_n for_o in_o the_o first_o they_o grow_v up_o to_o rankness_n bring_v forth_o only_o leave_v and_o no_o bell_n in_o the_o second_o very_o few_o leave_n or_o bell_n dwindle_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o if_o you_o have_v no_o other_o conveniency_n but_o the_o first_o you_o must_v allay_v the_o fatness_n of_o your_o hill_n by_o mix_v chalk_n with_o the_o mould_n or_o small_a gravel_n if_o it_o be_v hazle_v or_o mix_v mould_n and_o if_o it_o be_v stiff_a clay_n then_o with_o good_a store_n of_o red_a sand_n for_o any_o of_o these_o in_o a_o little_a time_n will_v lessen_v fertility_n the_o ground_n be_v free_a from_o water_n it_o may_v be_v raise_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o compass_n answerable_a neither_o too_o big_a nor_o too_o little_a but_o shape_v like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n yet_o so_o on_o the_o top_n that_o the_o hill_n may_v be_v flat_a a_o little_a to_o retain_v the_o rain_n or_o the_o thick_a dew_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o moderate_o but_o shoot_v off_o the_o great_a abundance_n make_v not_o the_o hill_n entire_o of_o one_o mould_n but_o a_o three_o or_o better_a of_o such_o earth_n as_o you_o shall_v dig_v up_o under_o dunghill_n and_o a_o little_a soap-ash_n drain_v from_o the_o lie_n and_o by_o mix_v they_o together_o compound_v your_o hop-hill_n but_o if_o these_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v get_v sufficient_a for_o your_o purpose_n than_o a_o three_o part_n of_o these_o and_o two_o part_n of_o natural_a earth_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o your_o purpose_n though_o the_o first_o be_v better_a however_o it_o must_v then_o be_v renew_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n or_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o will_v be_v lose_v when_o your_o hill_n be_v make_v pare_v up_o the_o green_a swarth_a in_o the_o alley_n about_o four_o finger_n thick_a and_o with_o it_o cover_v the_o outside_n of_o your_o hill_n almost_o to_o the_o top_n turn_v the_o grass-side_n next_o to_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o hill_n that_o rot_v there_o it_o may_v add_v to_o the_o manure_a and_z and_o keep_v they_o very_o warm_a let_v there_o be_v so_o much_o space_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n as_o may_v contain_v the_o plant_n
and_o the_o pole_n that_o support_v they_o only_o then_o if_o the_o conveniency_n of_o get_v it_o admit_v take_v dry_v fern_n and_o spread_v it_o in_o the_o alley_n of_o a_o pretty_a thickness_n so_o that_o rot_v in_o the_o winter_n it_o will_v much_o comfort_v the_o hill_n and_o be_v good_a manure_n against_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v then_o cast_v about_o they_o will_v very_o much_o strengthen_v they_o and_o make_v the_o plant_n prosper_v the_o hill_n be_v thus_o manure_v and_o cast_v up_o open_v they_o at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o setting-staff_n crumble_v good_a mould_n in_o to_o lie_v loose_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o then_o put_v in_o the_o best_a hop-plant_n you_o can_v get_v in_o every_o hill_n at_o the_o least_o four_o be_v well_o prepare_v put_v they_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o at_o least_o four_o finger_n thick_a and_o if_o the_o earth_n you_o cover_v they_o withal_o be_v mix_v with_o ox-blood_n and_o a_o little_a slack_v lime_n it_o will_v not_o only_o give_v much_o comfort_n to_o they_o but_o preserve_v the_o root_n from_o worm_n and_o other_o virmin_n your_o hopground_n be_v thus_o fit_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o month_n october_n which_o i_o account_v the_o best_a season_n let_v it_o rest_v till_o april_n and_o when_o the_o vine_n of_o your_o hop_n come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n to_o a_o pretty_a length_n then_o set_v up_o your_o pole_n long_o and_o straight_o of_o any_o convenient_a wholesome_a wood_n and_o in_o do_v it_o observe_v that_o in_o put_v they_o into_o the_o ground_n and_o fasten_v they_o you_o do_v not_o hurt_v the_o root_n of_o the_o hop_n aâ—d_v when_o they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o depth_n that_o they_o may_v stand_v firm_a ram_v the_o earth_n hard_o about_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v they_o be_v plant_v at_o that_o distance_n that_o the_o sun_n beam_n may_v easy_o come_v in_o between_o they_o and_o there_o be_v no_o overshadow_v this_o by_o a_o little_a practice_n may_v be_v perfect_v and_o turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n as_o for_o the_o number_n of_o pole_n to_o be_v place_v on_o every_o hill_n they_o must_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o vine_n that_o spring_v up_o and_o you_o must_v twine_v the_o tendrill_n about_o they_o so_o that_o grow_v up_o they_o may_v of_o themselves_o wind_n and_o take_v fast_o hold_v not_o leave_v any_o to_o creep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o they_o turn_v to_o no_o advantage_n as_o for_o weed_n hop-ground_n thus_o manure_v there_o be_v little_a occasion_n for_o it_o by_o reason_n the_o manure_n will_v destroy_v the_o weed_n but_o if_o in_o despite_n of_o this_o any_o sprout_n to_o annoy_v the_o tender_a stion_n you_o must_v cut_v they_o or_o pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n as_o in_o other_o weeding_n and_o with_o this_o care_n barren_a ground_n will_v yield_v a_o vast_a advantage_n however_o before_o i_o end_v this_o subject_a it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o tell_v you_o how_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o vermin_n as_o well_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o also_o chap._n xxxvi_o how_o to_o order_v hop-vine_n gather_v and_o dry_v the_o hop_n after_o the_o best_a manner_n etc._n etc._n if_o when_o the_o vine_n rise_v on_o the_o pole_n any_o of_o they_o happen_v to_o break_v loose_a you_o must_v twist_v they_o again_o towards_o the_o sunrising_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o those_o that_o mount_v above_o the_o pole_n be_v account_v for_o the_o best_a and_o if_o you_o perceive_v the_o fly_n or_o any_o other_o infect_v to_o bite_v and_o afflict_v they_o sprinkle_v the_o vine_n with_o water_n wherein_o wormwood_n have_v be_v well_o boil_v and_o it_o will_v preserve_v they_o in_o excessive_a hot_a weather_n water_n the_o hill_n about_o sunset_n and_o continue_v it_o if_o no_o rain_n fall_v till_o they_o blow_v which_o will_v be_v about_o st._n margaret_n day_n and_o at_o lamas-tide_n they_o bell._n when_o you_o observe_v they_o to_o turn_v colour_n some_o soon_o than_o the_o other_o pull_v they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ripe_a lest_o they_o shed_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o as_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o blast_n or_o other_o defect_n but_o when_o they_o natural_o do_v so_o and_o in_o a_o full_a season_n be_v ready_a to_o pull_v make_v a_o plain_a place_n in_o your_o hopground_n as_o near_o to_o the_o hill_n as_o conveniency_n will_v permit_v than_o cut_v the_o vine_n close_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pole_n bring_v they_o away_o pole_n and_o all_o by_o cut_v of_o the_o entanglement_n one_o with_o another_o with_o a_o hook_a knife_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o lay_v they_o down_o in_o order_n for_o those_o that_o be_v to_o gather_v they_o to_o pick_v off_o the_o bell_n which_o must_v be_v do_v with_o much_o celerity_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o stay_v long_o unpul_v either_o in_o rain_n or_o sun_n shine_v during_o the_o gather_n prepare_v your_o kiln_n heat_v with_o straw_n or_o small_a dry_a wood_n and_o spread_v they_o on_o it_o in_o such_o good_a or_o ler_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o dry_v which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o their_o bitterness_n or_o crumble_a between_o your_o hand_n however_o never_o permit_v they_o to_o continue_v on_o the_o kiln_n more_o than_o twelve_o hour_n and_o keep_v hot_a your_o kiln_n night_n and_o day_n till_o your_o whole_a gather_n be_v dry_v and_o take_v they_o thence_o let_v they_o lie_v on_o a_o floor_n a_o day_n or_o two_o to_o give_v before_o they_o be_v sack_v or_o bag_v up_o or_o else_o they_o will_v shed_v their_o seed_n wherein_o the_o great_a virtue_n lie_v and_o also_o the_o leave_n be_v apt_a to_o crumble_v and_o break_v off_o the_o vine_n be_v cut_v away_o bare_a and_o the_o root_n to_o the_o middle_n lay_v open_a shake_v a_o little_a mould_n mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o let_v they_o continue_v so_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o in_o so_o order_v a_o acre_n in_o a_o year_n that_o hit_v which_o be_v certain_o every_o three_o will_v yield_v 1200_o weight_n of_o hops_n and_o treble_v the_o charge_n you_o be_v at_o chap._n xxxvii_o flax_n and_o hemp_n good_a improver_n of_o land_n how_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o sow_n and_o order_v they_o there_o be_v great_a improvement_n to_o be_v make_v on_o barren_a land_n by_o manure_v it_o proper_a for_o the_o well-growing_a of_o flax_n and_o hemp_n commodity_n so_o useful_a and_o very_a profitable_a to_o this_o nation_n and_o for_o these_o you_o must_v however_o choose_v proper_a ground_n for_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n that_o natural_o refuse_v to_o bear_v these_o viz._n the_o rich_a stiff_a black_a tough_a and_o solid_a fast_a mould_n who_o extraordinary_a fertility_n give_v such_o a_o overplus_n of_o surcharge_n to_o the_o seed_n increase_v that_o either_o through_o rankness_n it_o run_v all_o into_o bun_n and_o have_v little_a or_o no_o rind_n or_o else_o the_o seed_n be_v tender_a the_o sod_a and_o heaviness_n of_o the_o mould_n bury_v it_o that_o it_o labour_v in_o vain_a to_o get_v out_o the_o other_o opposite_a to_o it_o be_v the_o most_o extreme_a barren_a ground_n which_o will_v not_o bear_v this_o nor_o any_o good_a seed_n and_o of_o these_o i_o propose_v to_o treat_v for_o such_o as_o will_v natural_o bear_v they_o i_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n upon_o as_o for_o the_o first_o of_o these_o then_o though_o it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o corn_n yet_o for_o hemp_n and_o flax_n it_o must_v be_v reduce_v and_o to_o begin_v to_o do_v it_o plough_v it_o up_o with_o a_o strong_a plough_n fit_a for_o such_o ground_n and_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v seasonable_a and_o the_o ground_n not_o too_o hard_a sow_v the_o seed_n if_o it_o be_v hard_a you_o must_v wait_v for_o some_o gentle_a shower_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v mollify_v then_o hack_v it_o after_o plough_v and_o break_v the_o clod_n in_o small_a piece_n then_o if_o you_o can_v get_v any_o salt_n sea-sand_n sand_n it_o plentiful_o over_o but_o for_o want_v of_o that_o sand_n it_o with_o the_o best_a red_a sand_n you_o can_v get_v and_o upon_o every_o acre_n so_o sand_v sow_v three_o bushel_n of_o bay-salt_n then_o plough_v it_o again_o to_o mix_v well_o the_o sand_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o this_o last_o plough_v be_v proper_a a_o little_a after_o michaelmas_n and_o then_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o seedtime_n and_o then_o plough_v and_o hack_v over_o the_o ground_n sow_v it_o either_o with_o hemp_n or_o flax_n as_o you_o think_v be_v most_o for_o your_o advantage_n harrow_v it_o well_o into_o a_o fine_a mould_n and_o clot_n it_o with_o a_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o first_o great_a shower_n run_v it_o over_o with_o the_o back_n of_o your_o harrow_n
lay_v a_o indifferent_a weight_n upon_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v break_v the_o small_a clumper_n and_o smooth_a the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v sow_o with_o hemp_n it_o need_v not_o be_v weed_v at_o all_o because_o this_o will_v out_o strip_v and_o choke_v they_o but_o if_o with_o flax_n or_o line_n be_v a_o much_o tender_a seed_n bring_v forth_o many_o more_o tender_a leaf_n and_o branch_n then_o observe_v how_o the_o weed_n spring_v up_o and_o pluck_v they_o away_o till_o the_o flax_n be_v well_o spring_v and_o then_o it_o will_v conquer_v they_o and_o not_o be_v overgrow_v by_o they_o as_o for_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o ground_n you_o shall_v dress_v it_o as_o you_o do_v the_o clayey_a barren_a ground_n i_o have_v mention_v chap._n beginning_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n there_o appoint_v or_o indeed_o if_o urgent_a occasion_n detain_v you_o from_o it_o you_o may_v plough_v it_o up_o about_o michaelmas_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o march_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a seedtime_n plough_v it_o again_o and_o manure_v it_o as_o the_o clay-ground_n hack_v it_o and_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v rough_a and_o stiff_a harrow_v it_o before_o you_o sow_v it_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v small_a and_o as_o level_v as_o possible_a break_v the_o clots_n if_o any_o remain_n with_o your_o clotting-beetle_n then_o after_o the_o first_o shower_n have_v well_o moisten_v it_o go_v over_o it_o with_o a_o even_o but_o very_o weighty_a rowler_n tread_v the_o ground_n as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o swift_a it_o be_v draw_v the_o better_a it_o will_v crumble_v the_o ground_n under_o it_o as_o for_o weed_n here_o you_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v yourself_o for_o the_o earth_n purposely_o thus_o order_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o they_o and_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o any_o nor_o shall_v you_o have_v any_o trouble_n in_o dress_v it_o above_o once_o in_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n nor_o plough_v it_o after_o the_o first_o year_n but_o at_o seed-time_n if_o you_o can_v get_v with_o drag_v or_o engine_n the_o broad_a black-leaved_n seaweed_n call_v ore-weed_n grow_v in_o great_a tust_n abundant_o about_o the_o seashore_n cover_v the_o land_n with_o they_o and_o so_o plough_v they_o in_o as_o they_o may_v be_v bury_v to_o rot_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o will_v be_v excellent_a manure_n give_v much_o strength_n and_o heart_n to_o the_o ground_n chap._n xxxviii_o to_o order_v hemp_n and_o flax_n when_o ripe_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n have_v thus_o treat_v on_o hemp_n and_o flax_n as_o to_o the_o sow_v it_o to_o profit_n and_o advantage_n not_o to_o omit_v my_o former_a method_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o speak_v something_o brief_o as_o to_o the_o order_n it_o when_o ripe_a and_o gather_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o render_v it_o useful_a flax_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o ripeness_n be_v know_v by_o the_o yellowness_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o seed_n on_o the_o top_n at_o which_o time_n gather_v it_o and_o bound_v it_o in_o little_a bundle_n set_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v that_o the_o seed_n may_v fall_v out_o into_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o gather_v up_o and_o keep_v they_o for_o use_n viz._n either_o for_o sow_v feed_v bird_n make_v of_o medicine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o they_o fall_v not_o out_o spontanious_o you_o must_v rake_v they_o out_o with_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v or_o by_o beat_v with_o a_o pole_n card_v or_o the_o like_a when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o and_o the_o bundle_n be_v well_o dry_v lay_v they_o in_o water_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o float_v by_o press_v they_o down_o with_o weight_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o wet_a have_v make_v the_o rind_n very_o loose_a conclude_v they_o to_o be_v steep_v enough_o then_o take_v they_o out_o unbind_v the_o bundle_n and_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o sun_n again_o then_o peel_v of_o the_o rind_n and_o hatchel_v it_o on_o a_o iron_n hatchel_v fasten_v to_o a_o block_n with_o many_o long_a iron_n tooth_n and_o beat_v the_o stalk_n till_o they_o become_v loose_a and_o pliant_a so_o that_o they_o may_v in_o dress_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o fine_a short_a thread_n and_o dress_v they_o as_o the_o rind_n though_o upon_o fine_a comb_n or_o hatchel_n have_v for_o this_o purpose_n several_a degree_n of_o they_o as_o to_o fineness_n anoint_v the_o spikes_n or_o tooth_n with_o oil_n that_o they_o may_v slip_v the_o glibber_n and_o so_o you_o may_v bring_v it_o fit_a for_o use_v in_o make_v linnen-cloth_n etc._n etc._n of_o hemp_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a the_o first_o bear_v no_o flower_n but_o a_o seed_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o latter_a bear_v a_o flower_n the_o stalk_v be_v full_a of_o knot_n out_o of_o which_o proceed_v many_o branch_n sharp_a jagged_a or_o indent_v the_o root_n of_o this_o descend_v into_o the_o ground_n a_o very_a considerable_a depth_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v deep_a plough_v than_o the_o former_a it_o grow_v very_o fast_o and_o a_o prodigious_a height_n in_o some_o country_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o its_o nature_n require_v water_n at_o the_o root_n or_o to_o be_v sow_v in_o somewhat_o a_o moist_a ground_n prosper_v the_o better_a the_o thick_a it_o be_v sow_o and_o may_v be_v order_v and_o dress_v in_o all_o respect_n like_o flax_n be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o nation_n chap._n thirty-nine_o how_o to_o plant_v and_o order_n saffron_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n saffron_n be_v not_o the_o least_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v of_o excellent_a use_n in_o medicine_n for_o comfort_v the_o heart_n and_o expel_v all_o ill_a vapour_n that_o have_v death_n for_o their_o attendant_n if_o not_o timely_o remove_v and_o therefore_o if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v plant_v cherish_v and_o improve_v but_o there_o be_v other_o for_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n great_o recompense_v his_o labour_n if_o care_n be_v take_v about_o it_o as_o those_o in_o suffolk_n essex_n and_o cambridge-shire_n where_o it_o grow_v in_o abundance_n experimental_o find_v it_o will_v grow_v upon_o indifferent_a ground_n with_o little_a manure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o stiff_a clay_n too_o cold_a or_o wet_a but_o rather_o a_o compound_n most_o incline_a to_o red_a sand_n and_o somewhat_o stony_a though_o a_o fine_a mellow_a mould_n produce_v it_o better_o plough_v this_o well_o and_o make_v the_o mould_n small_a with_o the_o go_v over_o of_o harrow_n and_o beat_v the_o clumper_n lay_v the_o land_n high_a as_o for_o wheat_n with_o convenient_a ridge_n then_o with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n like_o a_o ho_o with_o a_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o inch_v broad_a bit_n draw_v the_o furrow_n long_a way_n pretty_a deep_a place_v your_o root_n or_o set_v in_o they_o for_o from_o the_o seed_n no_o advantage_n arise_v unless_o they_o be_v transplant_v let_v they_o be_v place_v about_o two_o inch_n one_o from_o other_o and_o set_v about_o three_o inch_n deep_a then_o draw_v another_o furrow_n so_o near_o that_o the_o mould_v turn_v out_o of_o it_o may_v cover_v the_o former_a root_n and_o so_o one_o after_o another_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v effect_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o the_o last_o into_o which_o you_o must_v draw_v what_o mould_n come_v next_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o set_v they_o be_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n or_o beginning_n of_o july_n leave_v range_n or_o space_n between_o the_o furrow_n that_o a_o small_a hoe_n may_v pass_v to_o take_v away_o the_o weed_n all_o winter_n they_o will_v appear_v green_a like_z sives_z but_o in_o the_o summer_n soon_o after_o the_o flower_n decay_v it_o appear_v to_o dry_v or_o wither_v in_o september_n the_o flower_n be_v blue_a and_o lovely_a to_o behold_v come_v up_o without_o any_o green_a leaf_n or_o spire_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o flower_n you_o will_v find_v two_o three_o or_o four_o blade_n of_o saffron_n stand_v upright_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o flower_n spread_v itself_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v they_o thus_o to_o put_v out_o draw_v they_o forth_o between_o your_o finger_n and_o thumb_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o thick_a clean_a linnen-bag_n the_o better_a to_o preserve_v the_o scent_n do_v this_o every_o morning_n or_o otherways_o it_o will_v return_v into_o the_o flower_n or_o earth_n and_o you_o can_v with_o any_o conveniency_n come_v at_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o this_o you_o may_v do_v for_o a_o month_n together_o the_o flower_n continual_o increase_v and_o therefore_o the_o number_n of_o your_o saffron-picker_n must_v
then_o well_o harrow_v about_o four_o bushel_n will_v sufficient_o sow_v a_o acre_n which_o do_v you_o must_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o harrow_n very_o fine_a and_o break_v all_o the_o clots_n pick_v the_o stone_n and_o rubbish_n off_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v come_v easy_o up_o the_o proper_a time_n of_o sow_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march._n after_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v and_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v up_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o weed_n appear_v they_o must_v be_v take_v out_o and_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n keep_v as_o free_v from_o they_o as_o may_v be_v and_o when_o the_o leaf_n be_v come_v to_o full_a growth_n which_o will_v be_v some_o time_n soon_o and_o at_o other_o late_a as_o the_o seasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n produce_v dryer_n or_o moist_a you_o must_v cut_v it_o up_o and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o make_v it_o up_o in_o little_a ball_n and_o dry_v they_o well_o for_o use_v and_o good_a woad_n in_o a_o seasonable_a year_n may_v very_o probable_o yield_v five_o or_o six_o crop_n and_o ordinary_o four_o and_o three_o and_o the_o winter_n crop_n be_v excellent_a for_o sheep_n keep_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o many_o other_o disease_n it_o likewise_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o prepare_v the_o ground_n very_o well_o for_o corn_n and_o good_a estate_n have_v be_v get_v by_o it_o the_o best_a woad_n have_v be_v sell_v from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o pound_v a_o tun._n chap._n xlvii_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o sow_v mad_a and_o how_o to_o order_v it_o mad_a be_v a_o very_a good_a improver_n of_o land_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o die_v there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v manure_v and_o set_v for_o use_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n like_o it_o as_o goosegrass_n soft_a cliver_n crosswort_n lady_n bedstraw_n &c_n &c_n which_o have_v all_o leave_n like_o mad_a and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o wild_a kind_n of_o it_o it_o have_v long_a stalk_n and_o trail_a branch_n on_o the_o ground_n rough_a and_o full_a of_o joint_n and_o every_o joint_n set_v with_o green_a rough_a leave_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o star_n the_o flower_n grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a colour_n after_o which_o come_v the_o seed_n round_o and_o green_a the_o root_n creep_v far_o in_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o root_n entangle_v into_o another_o and_o when_o it_o be_v green_a and_o fresh_a the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n small_a and_o tender_a and_o although_o it_o bear_v a_o seed_n yet_o in_o this_o country_n it_o come_v not_o to_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v plant_v from_o the_o set_v that_o be_v to_o be_v get_v from_o the_o mad_a and_o the_o season_n of_o get_v or_o draw_v they_o be_v march_n and_o april_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n about_o three_o inch_n every_o sucker_n have_v some_o spines_n of_o root_n grow_v from_o it_o be_v slip_v from_o the_o main_a root_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v draw_v they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convenient_a basket_n with_o some_o fine_a mould_n and_o hasten_v they_o to_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v for_o the_o soon_o they_o be_v set_v the_o better_a they_o prosper_v the_o ground_n they_o best_o thrive_v in_o must_v be_v very_o rich_a warm_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n dig_v two_o spade_n graft_n and_o two_o woveling_n also_o and_o when_o it_o be_v rake_v and_o lay_v very_o even_o then_o draw_v very_o straight_a line_n or_o furrow_n tread_v out_o in_o long_a bed_n about_o four_o foot_n broad_a from_o one_o end_n of_o your_o work_n unto_o the_o other_o set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n asunder_o every_o way_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a spring_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v water_v till_o they_o recover_v their_o fade_a wan_a complexion_n you_o may_v begin_v to_o dig_v your_o ground_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o so_o all_o along_o to_o the_o time_n of_o set_v weed_z it_z and_z ho_o it_o till_o it_o have_v get_v the_o mastery_n of_o the_o weed_n and_o then_o it_o will_v destroy_v they_o set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n for_o a_o good_a evenness_n with_o a_o setting-stick_a crumble_a in_o light_a mould_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n and_o if_o any_o die_v you_o must_v fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n for_o they_o come_v not_o to_o their_o natural_a perfection_n under_o three_o year_n and_o the_o first_o and_o second_o year_n keep_v they_o hoe_z and_o you_o may_v gather_v set_v from_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o as_o you_o have_v set_v for_o the_o root_n will_v bear_v it_o by_o take_v firmness_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o well_o spread_v so_o that_o these_o set_v will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n supply_v other_o ground_n chap._n xlviii_o wood-land_n and_o enclosure_n improve_v and_o the_o great_a advantage_n make_v thereby_o enclosure_n and_o wood-land_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o husbandman_n not_o only_o in_o supply_v he_o with_o timber_n for_o his_o own_o use_n in_o building_n and_o sale_n but_o with_o underwood_n for_o hedging_n fuel_n and_o the_o like_a for_o himself_o and_o neighbour_n to_o increase_v enclosure_n and_o pass_v away_o the_o bitter_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n with_o keep_v good_a fire_n beside_o tree_n may_v be_v plant_v and_o will_v flourish_v in_o place_n where_o corn_n or_o grass_n or_o any_o other_o profitable_a thing_n will_v not_o kind_o grow_v beside_o when_o the_o land_n be_v clear_v of_o wood_n they_o prove_v much_o better_o and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n with_o a_o little_a manure_n than_o many_o that_o have_v be_v long_o till_v lie_v round_o about_o they_o they_o also_o yield_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a prospect_n to_o the_o eye_n serve_v as_o cool_v shade_n to_o retreat_n in_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n prove_v shelter_n to_o the_o house_n barn_n and_o land_n lie_v near_o they_o from_o the_o cold_a nip_a wind_n and_o in_o wood_n by_o their_o warmness_n grass_n in_o the_o vacant_a place_n spring_v all_o the_o year_n on_o which_o sheep_n will_v feed_v well_o and_o grow_v fat_a be_v by_o that_o mean_v preserve_v from_o the_o cold_a and_o rot_v likewise_o well_o grow_v wood_n in_o most_o place_n produce_v mast_n holm_n acorn_n hazle-nut_n service_n meddler_n and_o the_o like_a which_o either_o fall_n of_o themselves_o or_o be_v diligent_o beat_v down_o feed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o swine_n to_o a_o considerable_a fatness_n land_n of_o small_a value_n may_v be_v by_o plant_v of_o tree_n bring_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o considerable_a estate_n i_o find_v it_o confirm_v by_o several_a that_o land_n not_o compute_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la have_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o improvement_n produce_v at_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n as_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v fell_v from_o one_o acre_n 60_o l._n and_o indeed_o morish_a boggy-land_n that_o can_v be_v drain_v or_o other_o way_n improve_v to_o any_o profit_n or_o advantage_n be_v plant_v with_o osier_n willow_n alder_a poplar_n or_o the_o like_a tree_n that_o affect_v and_o covet_v moist_a ground_n return_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o a_o great_a advantage_n for_o many_o use_n grow_v very_o fast_o so_o that_o they_o turn_v to_o great_a advantage_n it_o have_v be_v know_v that_o a_o hundred_o ash_n at_o the_o growth_n of_o fifty_o year_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o 500_o l._n and_o these_o grow_v too_o on_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n of_o land_n which_o they_o but_o little_o encumber_v and_o i_o find_v it_o set_v down_o that_o a_o person_n plant_v so_o much_o wood_n that_o in_o his_o own_o life_n time_n be_v value_v at_o 50000_o l._n these_o great_a income_n and_o increase_v methinks_v shall_v give_v many_o encouragement_n to_o imitate_v our_o predecessor_n that_o as_o we_o find_v the_o advantage_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n so_o ourselves_o and_o our_o posterity_n may_v find_v the_o like_a of_o our_o own_o and_o for_o the_o better_a quick_a and_o least_o chargeable_a improvement_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o plain_a and_o easy_a rule_n chap._n xlix_o of_o oak_n elm_n and_o beech_n how_o to_o order_n and_o improve_v they_o for_o the_o best_a advantage_n as_o for_o the_o english_a oak_n among_o other_o for_o firmness_n and_o durableness_n it_o be_v count_v the_o best_a timber_n in_o the_o world_n for_o build_v house_n ship_n and_o other_o necessary_a use_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o any_o indifferent_a land_n good_a or_o bad_a as_o clay_n gravel_n sand_n mix_v or_o unmixed_a soil_n dry_a cold_a warm_a
be_v white_a and_o of_o singular_a use_n for_o turner_n work_n and_o to_o make_v tool_n for_o the_o husbandman_n and_o beside_o its_o pleasant_a shade_n it_o yield_v abundance_n of_o fuel_n the_o aspen-tree_n delight_v in_o moist_a wet_a ground_n though_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o wood_n and_o copice_n it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o poplar_n and_o be_v propagate_v by_o young_a sucker_n who_o top_n you_o must_v not_o cut_v off_o the_o first_o year_n the_o alder_n may_v with_o success_n be_v set_v in_o wet_a land_n and_o much_o improve_v it_o of_o these_o you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n and_o they_o will_v grow_v very_o fast_o they_o will_v also_o grow_v of_o seed_n but_o the_o best_a be_v young_a set_v with_o root_n be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o a_o man_n leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n cut_v not_o the_o small_a set_v till_o they_o have_v stand_v three_o year_n and_o so_o they_o will_v produce_v great_a store_n of_o wood_n for_o pole_n and_o other_o use_n the_o with_o be_v a_o good_a improver_n of_o boggy_a land_n as_o also_o the_o osier_n which_o turn_v to_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n be_v worth_a 9_o or_o 10_o l._n a_o acre_n where_o the_o land_n before_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n if_o they_o can_v be_v carry_v easy_o by_o land_n or_o water_n to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o make_v basket_n chair_n scuttle_n and_o the_o like_a ware_n they_o may_v be_v cut_v every_o two_o or_o three_o year_n the_o common_a willow_n afford_v much_o fuel_n pole_n and_o binding-rod_n this_o will_v grow_v either_o by_o root_n slip_v truncheon_n or_o the_o like_a plant_v they_o in_o february_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a and_o so_o till_o they_o bud._n these_o watery_a tree_n be_v of_o a_o clean_a white_a wood_n and_o very_o great_a improver_n increase_v exceed_a fast_n and_o the_o better_a when_o they_o be_v once_o grow_v up_o for_o be_v lop_v and_o be_v a_o good_a shade_n for_o cattle_n in_o summer_n and_o afford_v they_o good_a brouze_a chap._n liii_o farther_o improvement_n for_o order_v sundry_a sort_n of_o tree_n for_o the_o valuable_a improvement_n of_o land_n &c_n &c_n there_o remain_v yet_o other_o thing_n not_o treat_v of_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o tree_n viz._n as_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o cast_v their_o leave_n in_o the_o fall_n the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v they_o to_o other_o convenient_a place_n for_o timber_n under-wood_n shade_n or_o ornament_n you_o may_v do_v it_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a in_o october_n november_n and_o upon_o necessity_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o those_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o shed_v their_o leave_n but_o be_v green_a throughout_o the_o year_n be_v best_a remove_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o cold_a be_v abate_v and_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o root_n may_v spread_v and_o the_o sap_n be_v continue_v by_o fresh_a moisture_n and_o it_o may_v be_v well_o do_v in_o august_n the_o pithy_a tree_n as_o the_o ash_n lime-tree_n sycamore_n aspen_n etc._n etc._n need_v no_o cut_n upon_o transplant_n till_o they_o have_v well_o take_v root_n one_o year_n and_o then_o to_o hasten_v their_o growth_n in_o bigness_n you_o may_v cut_v the_o top_n of_o the_o uppermost_a branch_n that_o too_o luxurious_o expend_v the_o moisture_n that_o shall_v feed_v the_o bowl_n and_o under-branch_n as_o for_o fir_n or_o any_o rosiny-tree_n cut_v not_o the_o root_n nor_o the_o branch_n but_o a_o very_a little_a because_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o spread_v their_o rosin_n or_o turpentine_n too_o much_o to_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o plant_n for_o that_o be_v it_o which_o keep_v it_o alive_a and_z and_o make_v it_o prosper_v this_o method_n may_v be_v use_v to_o transplant_v sucker_n stion_n slip_v or_o layer_n of_o birch_n elm_n chesnut_n oak_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o where_o they_o have_v not_o good_a root_n it_o must_v be_v do_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v rise_v and_o they_o begin_v to_o put_v out_o their_o bud_n all_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a or_o watery_a ground_n may_v well_o be_v transplant_v in_o february_n or_o march_v before_o they_o be_v too_o forward_o if_o the_o frost_n be_v well_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n remove_v tree_n rather_o into_o a_o better_a than_o a_o worse_a ground_n wherein_o they_o natural_o grow_v or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o good_a earth_n in_o the_o hole_n you_o make_v to_o set_v they_o in_o as_o may_z first_o give_v they_o a_o fix_a root_n and_o so_o they_o may_v get_v a_o head_n and_o when_o they_o be_v once_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n they_o will_v thrive_v amain_o let_v as_o much_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o first_o grow_v as_o may_v be_v adhere_v to_o the_o root_n when_o you_o remove_v they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o nourish_v and_o grow_v more_o kind_o and_o let_v the_o spurn_v of_o the_o root_n be_v as_o many_o as_o may_v be_v 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they_o a_o little_a way_n so_o bow_v into_o the_o earth_n cover_v they_o with_o mold_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o rise_v with_o hook_a stake_n drive_v into_o the_o ground_n and_o spring_v up_o they_o will_v produce_v a_o great_a many_o sucker_n and_o in_o time_n grow_v up_o into_o tree_n or_o at_o least_o considerable_a underwood_n chap._n liv._o how_o to_o order_n tree_n for_o their_o better_a grow_v and_o more_o speedy_o turn_v to_o good_a advantage_n to_o preserve_v tree_n in_o good_a plight_n and_o to_o make_v they_o grow_v apace_o there_o be_v other_o thing_n require_v than_o what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v first_o prune_n they_o when_o they_o be_v
somewhat_o well_o grow_v take_v off_o with_o your_o pruning-hook_n the_o small_a and_o most_o superfluous_a bough_n and_o branch_n do_v it_o upward_o about_o january_n that_o what_o of_o the_o snag_n remain_v to_o the_o tree_n may_v not_o split_v and_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o as_o close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v lest_o the_o stump_n rot_v and_o water_n get_v into_o the_o hollow_a part_n to_o spoil_v and_o dote_v the_o timber_n second_o when_o you_o perceive_v your_o plant_n will_v not_o grow_v up_o to_o tall_a timber_n shroud_v they_o or_o lop_v they_o and_o they_o will_v grow_v up_o to_o be_v very_o good_a pollard_n this_o must_v be_v do_v above_o the_o height_n of_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n smooth_a and_o asloap_n take_v off_o the_o top_n and_o main_a branch_n this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fall_n and_o so_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o you_o may_v lop_v they_o every_o four_o or_o five_o year_n for_o good_a fuel_n beside_o these_o may_v stand_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o vacant_a place_n fit_a for_o no_o other_o use_n and_o after_o they_o have_v afford_v you_o great_a store_n of_o it_o the_o body_n if_o they_o hold_v sound_n make_v a_o good_a sort_n of_o short_a timber_n very_o fit_a for_o plank_n and_o other_o use_n as_o for_o winter-greens_a as_o pine_n or_o any_o other_o rosinous_a tree_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v in_o winter_n after_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o cold_a wind_n be_v over_o but_o in_o no_o wise_n be_v behead_v nor_o the_o colateral_a branch_n much_o cut_v off_o three_o all_o tree_n delight_v in_o wet_a or_o moist_a ground_n may_v be_v shroud_v or_o lop_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n the_o wether_n be_v open_a but_o not_o too_o near_o the_o body_n lest_o it_o endanger_v the_o tree_n and_o hinder_v its_o sprout_v four_o coppice_n may_v be_v fell_v or_o cut_v from_o september_n to_o mid_a march_n leave_v such_o standard_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o timber_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n choose_v out_o the_o straight_a and_o most_o likely_a thrive_a for_o that_o purpose_n cut_v not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o sloap-wise_a that_o the_o young_a sprig_n may_v the_o better_o shoot_v out_o and_o grow_v and_o furnish_v you_o with_o a_o second_o felling_n five_o when_o your_o timber-tree_n be_v arrive_v at_o their_o best_a state_n or_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o fell_v they_o for_o advantage_n fall_v the_o oak_n from_o april_n till_o midsummer_n for_o then_o the_o sap_n be_v proud_a and_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v a_o very_a good_a commodity_n will_v easfy_o be_v get_v off_o but_o for_o other_o timber_n the_o best_a season_n be_v in_o winter_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v low_a for_o if_o it_o be_v much_o in_o those_o tree_n it_o breed_v worm_n and_o much_o deface_v the_o beauty_n of_o it_o and_o the_o proper_a month_n be_v december_n and_o january_n when_o you_o fall_v large_a timber_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o large_a arm_n first_o lest_o they_o endanger_v the_o tree_n rifle_v or_o break_v in_o the_o fall_n chap._n lv._o sundry_a tree_n not_o yet_o mention_v their_o growth_n and_o well-ordering_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n cypress_n tree_n will_v grow_v tolerable_a well_o in_o england_n and_o be_v not_o only_o pleasant_a for_o the_o cool_a refresh_a shade_n it_o cast_v but_o in_o indifferent_a mix_v sandy_n and_o clay-ground_n it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o considerable_a stature_n and_o thickness_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o be_v set_v in_o over_o moist_a or_o wet_a places_z and_o though_o they_o be_v most_o use_v to_o shade_n walk_v avenue_n cover_v arbour_n and_o adorn_v the_o centre_n of_o green_a plait_n yet_o where_o they_o come_v to_o any_o thing_n of_o timber_n the_o wood_n be_v exceed_o good_a hard_a and_o durable_a of_o a_o good_a scent_n preserve_v clothes_n from_o moth_n and_o worm_n and_o last_v a_o long_a time_n without_o corrupt_v or_o rot_v pliny_n affirm_v he_o see_v gate_n of_o this_o wood_n four_o hundred_o year_n old_a and_o yet_o neither_o worm-eaten_a nor_o perish_v the_o pinetree_n be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fir_n of_o a_o rosiny_n sap_n and_o a_o very_a hot_a tree_n therefore_o it_o thrive_v best_a in_o cold_a place_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v make_v it_o sweat_v too_o much_o to_o spend_v and_o destroy_v itself_o though_o it_o delight_v much_o in_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o air_n be_v more_o free_a and_o cool_a always_o than_o in_o the_o valley_n yet_o will_v it_o thrive_v well_o enough_o in_o wood_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v upon_o a_o little_a rise_a ascent_n that_o the_o wet_a pass_n away_o and_o a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n of_o gravel_n sand_n and_o clay_n and_o as_o the_o former_a may_v be_v improve_v by_o slip_v or_o stion_n so_o this_o may_v also_o and_o by_o the_o kernel_n sow_o which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o wooden_a hust_n of_o the_o apple_n it_o bear_v and_o be_v this_o tree_n better_o regard_v and_o improve_v in_o england_n it_o may_v turn_v to_o as_o great_a a_o advantage_n here_o as_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o even_o our_o hill_n may_v be_v cover_v with_o these_o and_o fir-tree_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o generation_n we_o need_v not_o be_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o buy_v and_o fetch_v home_o timber_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o have_v plenty_n of_o our_o own_o to_o the_o great_a improvement_n of_o land_n that_o now_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n there_o be_v some_o other_o tree_n natural_a to_o other_o country_n that_o may_v be_v propagate_v in_o england_n and_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o industrious_a husbandman_n as_o the_o larach-tree_n a_o last_a sound_a wood_n as_o also_o the_o wild_a olive_n almond_n date_n cedar_n which_o by_o good_a management_n be_v conceive_v to_o grow_v well_o in_o this_o country_n and_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o great_a improvement_n though_o not_o to_o that_o perfection_n their_o native_a soil_n give_v they_o yet_o so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v a_o advantage_n very_o high_o to_o those_o that_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o plant_v and_o rear_v they_o for_o when_o they_o be_v once_o well_o enter_v they_o will_v produce_v number_n and_o grow_v themselves_o without_o any_o further_a trouble_n unless_o sometime_o prune_v and_o water_v in_o a_o dry_a and_o parch_a season_n till_o their_o spread_a top_n be_v sufficient_a to_o shade_v their_o root_n and_o prevent_v the_o sunbeam_n from_o suck_v up_o too_o much_o moisture_n from_o they_o and_o may_v as_o other_o tree_n be_v transplant_v as_o occasion_n require_v chap._n lvi_o of_o tree_n fit_v for_o timber_n and_o other_o use_v the_o sundry_a sort_n their_o goodness_n and_o to_o what_o use_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v now_o from_o what_o have_v already_o be_v lay_v down_o proceed_v to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o wood_n produce_v by_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v ample_o touch_v on_o cedar_n and_o cypress_n be_v excellent_a in_o building_n for_o their_o lastingness_n as_o not_o in_o a_o great_a number_n of_o year_n be_v subject_a to_o corrupt_v the_o fir_n poplar_n ash_n and_o elm_n be_v exceed_o good_a for_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o building_n as_o for_o main_a timber_n joust_n rafter_n floor_n etc._n etc._n but_o hold_v not_o so_o well_o where_o they_o be_v sometime_o wet_a and_o at_o other_o time_n dry_a as_o the_o oak_n do_v for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o water_n the_o alder_n pine_n pitch-tree_n and_o elm_n make_v curious_a and_o last_a pipe_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n for_o above_o ground_n they_o will_v not_o well_o hold_v especial_o in_o hot_a wether_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o rine_n especial_o all_o but_o the_o last_o which_o will_v do_v tolerable_o well_o the_o oak_n beech_n and_o walnut-tree_n endure_v very_o well_o in_o the_o water_n the_o wild-olive_n mastholm_n and_o wild-oak_n be_v of_o long_a endurance_n for_o rafter_n and_o mortice-piece_n the_o elm_n and_o ash_n be_v very_o proper_o adapt_v because_o of_o their_o length_n the_o best_a to_o bear_v weight_n be_v the_o fir_n and_o the_o larash_n which_o howsoever_o you_o lay_v they_o will_v neither_o bend_v nor_o fail_v your_o expectation_n till_o worm_n consume_v they_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o olive_n and_o the_o oak_n will_v give_v and_o bend_v and_o so_o will_v the_o poplar_n the_o wilow_n birch_n elm_n and_o date_n usual_o bend_v against_o the_o burden_n they_o bear_v the_o poplar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n give_v upon_o every_o light_a weight_n the_o elm_n and_o the_o ash_n though_o slow_a be_v easy_o bend_v these_o be_v
easy_o wind_v and_o bend_v viz._n the_o willow_n and_o birch_n and_o the_o smale_a oak_n shingles_n to_o cover_v house_n be_v best_a make_v of_o oak_n beech_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o such_o other_o tree_n as_o bear_v mast_n also_o of_o such_o as_o yield_v rosin_n as_o the_o pine_n and_o the_o pitch-tree_n for_o table_n stand_v bowl_n and_o such_o other_o household_n utensil_n the_o maple_n ash_n and_o walnut_n be_v very_o curious_a graceful_a english_a wood_n and_o much_o last_a box_n be_v a_o wood_n well_o know_v of_o great_a value_n for_o its_o firmness_n and_o durableness_n and_o usual_o sell_v for_o its_o preciousness_n by_o weighâ—_n and_o serve_v for_o comb_n haft_n of_o knife_n mathematical_a instrument_n and_o so_o many_o mechanical_a use_n that_o little_a except_o the_o very_a tender_a spray_n can_v be_v count_v waste_n in_o it_o so_o that_o a_o acre_n of_o good_a growth_n of_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o exceed_v by_o much_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o acre_n of_o the_o best_a corn_n and_o therefore_o consider_v when_o once_o it_o be_v well_o get_v in_o the_o ground_n that_o every_o twenty_o year_n it_o may_v be_v well_o cut_v and_o the_o root_n leave_v will_v produce_v new_a shoot_v to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o what_o be_v take_v away_o what_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v make_v by_o it_o in_o improve_n land_n where_o little_a else_o will_v grow_v and_o that_o it_o require_v no_o yearly_a toil_a plough_v and_o sow_v nor_o the_o charge_n of_o seed_n holly_n be_v another_o excellent_a wood_n useful_a for_o whip-stock_n copse_n of_o caâ—rs_n and_o siding_n as_o also_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o require_v a_o strong_a tough_a last_a wood_n but_o above_o all_o its_o bark_n have_v of_o late_o be_v find_v famous_a for_o the_o make_n of_o bird-lime_n the_o which_o because_o it_o may_v be_v grateful_a to_o the_o countryman_n not_o only_o in_o take_v and_o destroy_v such_o bird_n as_o annoy_v his_o corn_n but_o to_o furnish_v his_o table_n though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o a_o digression_n from_o the_o subject_a i_o shall_v however_o by_o the_o way_n give_v he_o a_o receipt_n to_o make_v and_o use_v it_o and_o then_o come_v again_o to_o a_o conclusion_n of_o what_o i_o intend_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o order_v of_o tree_n and_o improvement_n of_o wood-land_n for_o his_o advantage_n chap._n lvii_o a_o true_a receipt_n how_o to_o make_v the_o best_a birdlime_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v full_a in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o holly_n about_o midsummer_n take_v that_o which_o be_v well_o grow_v and_o strip_v off_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o the_o bark_n and_o boil_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n till_o the_o gray_a and_o white_a bark_n part_n from_o the_o green_a so_o separate_v the_o green_a and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o heap_n on_o a_o tile_v or_o stone_n floor_n in_o a_o cellar_n or_o some_o such_o cool_a place_n cover_v with_o weed_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o day_n in_o which_o time_n it_o will_v putrify_v turn_v into_o a_o slimy_a quality_n then_o put_v it_o into_o a_o mortar_n and_o beat_v it_o with_o a_o wooden_a pestle_n till_o nothing_o but_o slime_n remain_v so_o that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n be_v to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v be_v wrought_v like_o wax_n then_o wash_v it_o in_o a_o run_a stream_n that_o no_o moat_n or_o husk_n may_v remain_v in_o it_o after_o this_o be_v do_v kneed_a it_o into_o a_o glaze_v earthen_a vessel_n cover_v it_o close_o from_o the_o air_n and_o there_o it_o will_v fume_v up_o and_o purge_v out_o its_o scurf_n and_o dross_n and_o after_o six_o day_n scum_v it_o off_o and_o continue_v so_o do_v till_o no_o more_o arise_v then_o that_o you_o may_v keep_v it_o for_o use_n shift_v it_o into_o another_o clean_a vessel_n when_o you_o use_v this_o on_o twig_n straw_n or_o bush_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fowl_n you_o design_v to_o take_v warm_v it_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o a_o little_a hog_n or_o goose-grease_n over_o a_o gentle_a fire_n till_o they_o be_v well_o incorporate_v by_o frequent_a stir_v then_o anoint_v the_o twig_n straw_n or_o bush_n with_o it_o as_o even_o as_o you_o can_v without_o leave_v any_o knob_n or_o roughness_n and_o place_v they_o either_o in_o wood_n or_o field_n where_o the_o bird_n you_o intend_v to_o take_v resort_n and_o place_n what_o allurement_n you_o think_v fit_a in_o meat_n or_o other_o matter_n as_o will_v be_v most_o take_v to_o they_o and_o place_v they_o so_o that_o when_o they_o descend_v they_o must_v needs_o touch_v they_o and_o such_o as_o do_v will_v certain_o be_v entangle_v for_o if_o they_o rise_v with_o they_o on_o their_o foot_n they_o will_v certain_o lap_v their_o wing_n and_o that_o will_v cause_v they_o sudden_o to_o fall_v and_o as_o the_o great_a or_o lessness_n of_o the_o fowl_n be_v so_o must_v you_o proportion_v your_o twig_n chap._n lviii_o wonderful_a improvement_n of_o land_n by_o plant_v tree_n and_o by_o enclosure_n show_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o over_o those_o land_n that_o lie_v in_o common_a will_v may_n be_v great_o improve_v by_o enclose_v ground_n with_o it_o for_o corn_n and_o pasture_n yield_v a_o great_a many_o advantage_n to_o the_o painful_a husbandman_n who_o good_a industry_n well_o deserve_v a_o good_a recompense_n first_o for_o that_o well-grown_a tree_n and_o good_a hedge-row_n shelter_n his_o tender_a corn_n etc._n etc._n from_o bleak_a wind_n and_o keep_v off_o the_o blast_n that_o will_v much_o annoy_v it_o even_o when_o grow_v second_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o pasture-land_n in_o shelter_a cattle_n both_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o in_o the_o extreme_a of_o winter_n as_o also_o from_o violent_a storm_n of_o rain_n hail_o or_o snow_n etc._n etc._n three_o it_o secure_v corn_n from_o high-road_n be_v make_v into_o it_o by_o idle_a person_n and_o cattle_n which_o if_o it_o lay_v in_o common_a or_o open_a can_v not_o be_v avoid_v since_o those_o that_o know_v not_o the_o toil_n and_o cost_v the_o husbandman_n be_v at_o to_o bring_v his_o crop_n to_o a_o harvest_n little_a regard_n what_o havoc_n they_o make_v through_o laziness_n for_o wanton_a disportment_n or_o the_o near_a way_n which_o if_o there_o be_v a_o barrier_n of_o good_a fence_n they_o can_v not_o do_v and_o then_o for_o cattle_n it_o save_v the_o trouble_n of_o pound_v and_o many_o frivolous_a suit_n that_o frequent_o arise_v on_o trespass_n of_o these_o kind_n and_o therefore_o be_v advantageous_a both_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o four_o tree_n grow_v up_o their_o lordship_n afford_v much_o fuel_n and_o fence_v perpetual_o supply_v the_o owner_n with_o both_o as_o occasion_n require_v and_o indeed_o few_o know_v the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o first_o so_o well_o as_o those_o that_o live_v distant_a from_o enclosure_n in_o open_a champion_n country_n where_o coal_n can_v at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o without_o great_a charge_n and_o labour_n be_v have_v not_o only_o the_o pinch_a winter_n afflict_v these_o but_o even_o their_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o brew_v bake_v and_o dress_n their_o provision_n make_v they_o sensible_a to_o their_o great_a cost_n and_o loss_n of_o time_n that_o the_o plant_n of_o tree_n be_v extreme_o beneficial_a for_o that_o be_v at_o hand_n they_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o a_o readiness_n by_o get_v it_o in_o and_o lay_v it_o up_o to_o dry_a at_o leisure_n time_n to_o their_o great_a comfort_n and_o advantage_n and_o be_v profit_v in_o sell_v the_o overplus_n to_o the_o rich_a and_o charitable_o bestow_v some_o on_o their_o poor_a neighbour_n and_o for_o their_o christian_a compassion_n towards_o they_o be_v load_v with_o their_o blessing_n and_o prayer_n and_o of_o this_o one_o mr._n tusser_n one_o very_a much_o experience_v in_o rural_a affair_n in_o his_o old_a fashion_a rhyme_n thus_o speak_v the_o wood-land_n above_o all_o i_o praise_v the_o champion_n delight_v not_o i_o for_o nothing_o of_o wealth_n it_o do_v raise_v to_o such_o as_o laborious_a be_v in_o wood-land_n the_o poor_a man_n that_o have_v scarce_o full_o ten_o acre_n in_o land_n more_o merry_o live_v and_o do_v save_v than_o the_o other_a with_o forty_o in_o land_n the_o one_o have_v in_o every_o hedge_n both_o plenty_n of_o fuel_n and_o fruit_n the_o other_o lay_v turf_n up_o and_o sedge_n and_o get_v it_o by_o wondrous_a suit_n and_o ready_a in_o winter_n to_o starve_v when_o the_o other_a you_n see_v do_v not_o so_o but_o have_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o serve_v when_o the_o other_a all_o ragged_a do_v go_v there_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o advantage_n arise_v between_o enclosure_n or_o wood-land_n and_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a and_o though_o some_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o grudge_v
at_o the_o enclose_v of_o commons_o yet_o be_v there_o a_o good_a measure_n take_v therein_o it_o will_v great_o turn_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o much_o improve_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o nation_n there_o be_v so_o much_o good_a land_n lie_v as_o it_o be_v waste_v may_v be_v enclose_v and_o let_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o the_o great_a ease_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o advantage_v those_o that_o claim_v a_o right_a therein_o three_o or_o four_o time_n more_o than_o what_o now_o it_o can_v for_o the_o poor_a have_v little_a stock_n to_o put_v there_o the_o rich_a make_v their_o advantage_n who_o have_v much_o which_o if_o it_o be_v enclose_v and_o let_v out_o for_o the_o general_a benefit_n they_o can_v not_o do_v and_o so_o thereby_o the_o stock_n of_o corn_n will_v be_v great_o advance_v and_o in_o some_o year_n a_o good_a improvement_n of_o timber_n may_v be_v make_v many_o commons_o and_o moor_n that_o now_o lie_v in_o a_o manner_n waste_v and_o be_v of_o little_a profit_n be_v capable_a with_o a_o little_a industry_n of_o produce_v equal_a with_o land_n of_o a_o good_a value_n so_o that_o thing_n thus_o right_o state_v every_o one_o concern_v might_n have_v a_o right_a understanding_n and_o be_v high_o satisfy_v in_o so_o good_a a_o work_n consider_v in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v enclose_v how_o happy_o people_n live_v as_o in_o hartford-shire_n essex_n kent_z berk_n shire_n surry_n wilt_n shire_n somersetshire_n hamp-shire_n and_o other_o all_o which_o not_o only_o raise_v corn_n for_o themselves_o but_o supply_v other_o open_a country_n and_o even_o the_o great_a city_n of_o london_n which_o consume_v a_o vast_a quantity_n thereof_o and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o england_n set_v a_o great_a rate_n or_o make_v a_o great_a advantage_n by_o graze_v therefore_o i_o must_v say_v that_o all_o interest_n upon_o commons_o or_o right_n of_o common-pasture_n upon_o any_o of_o these_o land_n may_v without_o prejudice_n to_o any_o particular_a interest_n be_v advantage_v and_o much_o improvement_n make_v to_o the_o public_a consider_v what_o vast_a quantity_n of_o land_n lie_v as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o waste_n some_o overrun_v with_o molehill_n ant-hill_n goss_n fern_n brier_n twitchgrass_n and_o the_o like_a other_o under_o water_n for_o the_o want_n of_o open_v the_o current_n and_o passage_n for_o brook_n or_o water_n descend_v from_o hill_n for_o whilst_o it_o lie_v thus_o every_o one_o conclude_v it_o not_o his_o business_n and_o so_o it_o lie_v neglect_v and_o many_o however_o claim_v their_o part_n in_o it_o that_o will_v bestow_v neither_o cost_n nor_o labour_n in_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o good_a pasture_n or_o corn-land_n though_o if_o it_o be_v so_o order_v it_o may_v prove_v in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o enrich_n of_o they_o and_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o disburden_v the_o parish_n by_o the_o rent_n arise_v therefrom_o of_o the_o chargeable_a poor_a and_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o employ_v labour_v man_n so_o that_o every_o one_o will_v live_v at_o ease_n from_o encumbrance_n or_o suffer_v want_n but_o this_o some_o may_v say_v can_v be_v do_v without_o great_a encouragement_n of_o our_o superior_n or_o at_o least_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o that_o have_v any_o right_a or_o claim_v in_o the_o many_o part_n of_o such_o land_n by_o long_a custom_n suppose_v this_o grant_v as_o for_o the_o first_o those_o that_o be_v call_v together_o to_o consult_v the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v be_v think_v to_o be_v averse_a to_o so_o great_a a_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a where_o particular_n be_v right_o represent_v and_o state_v since_o the_o poor_a reap_v the_o benefit_n they_o be_v by_o far_o the_o vast_a number_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a easement_n to_o the_o nation_n in_o employ_v many_o and_o charitable_o support_v other_o and_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o presume_v there_o be_v few_o that_o will_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o study_v their_o own_o good_a and_o advantage_n chap._n lix_n of_o enclosure_n and_o tree_n plant_v in_o hedge-row_n both_o fruit_n and_o other_o and_o the_o benefit_n arise_v thereby_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o may_v be_v abundance_n of_o thing_n say_v in_o the_o encouragement_n of_o enclosure_n and_o woodland_n beneficial_a to_o private_a person_n and_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n since_o so_o great_a a_o consumption_n of_o timber_n and_o under-wood_n have_v of_o late_o be_v make_v in_o build_v of_o ship_n house_n in_o iron-work_n and_o charcoal_n which_o if_o not_o in_o time_n repair_v will_v make_v this_o or_o at_o least_o the_o next_o generation_n too_o sensible_a of_o the_o decay_n of_o it_o and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o necessary_n will_v much_o obstruct_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o put_v private_a person_n to_o great_a strait_n the_o earth_n proper_a in_o this_o case_n may_v be_v choose_v indifferent_o but_o for_o wood_n land_n choose_v a_o warm_a sandy_a gravelly_a ground_n mix_v with_o other_o earth_n to_o temper_v they_o especial_o with_o a_o moist_a strong_a cold_a clay_n i_o have_v give_v divers_a rule_n already_o for_o the_o meliorate_n earth_n when_o they_o decay_v or_o languish_v by_o sundry_a manure_n and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v troublesome_a to_o my_o reader_n in_o repeat_v what_o be_v already_o do_v but_o where_o enclosure_n be_v design_v for_o corn_n by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v proper_a you_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o good_a sound_a middle_a warm_a land_n than_o of_o the_o rich_a and_o fat_a that_o be_v and_o it_o will_v produce_v a_o great_a increase_n and_o the_o timber_n about_o it_o will_v pretty_a well_o thrive_v and_o grow_v up_o in_o time_n to_o great_a spread_a tree_n though_o not_o over_o high_a so_o that_o the_o bough_n will_v be_v very_o thick_a and_o substantial_a and_o the_o great_a arm_n serve_v for_o divers_a necessary_a use_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v they_o in_o building_n or_o other_o matter_n and_o the_o spray-lops_a provide_v a_o sufficiency_n of_o fuel_n to_o screen_n you_o from_o the_o cold_a in_o the_o hedge-row_n you_o may_v likewise_o to_o advantage_v yourself_o more_o plant_v fruit-tree_n which_o be_v well_o grow_v will_n with_o a_o little_a care_n bear_v better_o than_o those_o plant_v in_o orchard_n as_o lie_v more_o open_a to_o the_o sun_n and_o altogether_o unincumbr_v by_o other_o so_o that_o by_o the_o fruit_n great_a profit_n will_v accrue_v and_o the_o due_a prune_v they_o will_v add_v to_o your_o stock_n of_o fuel_n beside_o it_o will_v give_v a_o very_a pleasant_a prospect_n to_o the_o ground_n afford_v cool_a and_o delightful_a umbrays_n in_o the_o summer-season_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o land_n already_o improve_v in_o this_o nature_n in_o hertford-shire_n worcester-shire_n gloucester-shire_n and_o other_o country_n redound_v to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o owner_n who_o have_v by_o this_o mean_n a_o double_a crop_n yearly_o one_o of_o fruit_n and_o the_o other_o of_o corn_n and_o a_o three_o may_v in_o some_o case_n be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n viz._n of_o turnip_n or_o such_o like_a that_o may_v be_v sow_o ripe_a and_o draw_v before_o the_o season_n for_o sow_v barley_n come_v on_o by_o which_o mean_v land_n may_v be_v improve_v to_o a_o great_a value_n or_o if_o lay_v down_o for_o meadow_n or_o graze_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o accommodate_v to_o cattle_n than_o a_o pasture_n fringe_v with_o substantial_a tree_n spread_v their_o branch_n as_o i_o have_v hint_v to_o screen_n by_o shelter_v from_o rain_n wind_n heatt_z or_o cold._n this_o i_o speak_v to_o encourage_v industry_n and_o this_o industry_n consequent_o increase_v wealth_n which_o always_o command_v a_o plenty_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a and_o be_v once_o gain_v take_v off_o much_o of_o the_o toil_n and_o labour_n poverty_n impose_v on_o the_o needy_a so_o that_o the_o labour_n of_o youthful_a year_n may_v comfortable_o supply_v old_a age_n to_o do_v which_o experience_n teach_v we_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o most_o judicious_a that_o shadiness_n in_o summer_n and_o warmness_n in_o winter_n occasion_v by_o tree_n much_o help_n and_o better_v the_o land_n for_o in_o such_o field_n we_o find_v the_o early_a grass_n and_o frequent_o the_o great_a swath_n and_o burden_n and_o consequent_o more_o corn_n than_o in_o open_a place_n expose_v to_o bleak_a wind_n in_o winter_n and_o spring_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v hot_a beam_n continual_o lie_v on_o and_o parch_v they_o in_o summer_n from_o morning_n till_o evening-tide_n hill_n indeed_o may_v reasonable_o keep_v off_o some_o wind_n and_o make_v they_o fly_v over_o the_o champion-ground_n but_o i_o can_v conceive_v we_o have_v any_o that_o cast_v so_o
condition_n so_o much_o better_v now_o i_o grant_v as_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a i_o shall_v that_o all_o common_a can_v be_v apt_o enclose_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o poor_a who_o must_v be_v remove_v on_o that_o account_n unless_o better_a provision_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n can_v be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o the_o few_o cattle_n they_o have_v which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v but_o in_o a_o very_a few_o place_n and_o may_v well_o be_v stint_v or_o limit_v to_o a_o set_a number_n of_o cattle_n and_o such_o a_o number_n too_o as_o the_o land_n will_v maintain_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n this_o might_n in_o some_o few_o case_n help_v but_o in_o the_o generality_n little_a avail_n because_o feed_v bare_o to_o keep_v cattle_n alive_a be_v no_o great_a matter_n of_o advantage_n but_o such_o feed_n where_o they_o may_v increase_v thrive_v and_o grow_v fat_a be_v that_o which_o can_v best_o profit_v the_o owner_n and_o also_o the_o public_a and_o this_o can_v be_v where_o 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