see the place whereon the milles stand and so you runne upon the point of the haven in and close in by the point and when you are at the point then you may ankor in the Baye where the houses stand at five fathome lowe water in the middle of the haven there lye two or three sandes stone ground which you must shunne At S. Maloes an east and west moone maketh a high water the streame falleth into the west haven through the cliffes or rockes and out againe at the east chanel which you must marke well when you goe in at the west chanel of S. Maloes III. The situation from S. Maloes to S. Pauls de Lion ABout five leagues west from the south chanel of S. Maloes there lyeth a great sandie Baye where a man may lye safe from all windes at 6 or 7 fathome you anckor under a great cliffe or rocke turning westwards up towards the milles with the trees And almost three leagues northwest from this foresaid Sand-bay lyeth Cape de Farelle Cape de Farelle which also is called Cape de Late because the castle la Late standeth east from this point there also is a good Rode for a west and southwest winde West from Cape de Farelle lyeth a great cliffe or rocke and west from it you may anckor in the great Sandbaye You may knowe Cape de Farelle by the aforesaid rock there are many Sand bayes also in the strand upon the point standeth a great castle From Cape de Farelle to the north ende of the Iland Briack Iland of Briack it is west and by north 13 or 14 leagues Betweene them both there lyeth the Havens or Rivers of S. Brieux and Benit S. Brieux S. Benit and about west from Cape de Farelle there lyeth a great rowe of out-rockes above the water two leagues from the land Two leagues northwest from S. Maloes chanel lyeth the east banck right over against Cape de Farelle there you may ride under at 6 or 7 fathome You shall knowe the Iland of Briack when you come out of the east by two milles which stand upon the land about two cables length one from the other and betweene the two milles there standeth a high round hill and on it a house it reacheth south-south-west n. n. e. almost 3 leagues in length You may sayle round about this Iland and anckor when you will it is al good ground although there lye some rockes round about it as one a great way from the north point called Souffe which you must take heede of and beware also of a rowe of rockes at the north ende lying under the water In the Trave of Iarsey Rockedove and the Iland Briack it is 20 25 and 30 fathome West-south-west a league and an half from the Iland Briack lye the Out-rockes of Pickels Pickels rockes which you may sayle round about They lye 4 leagues from the firme land and east neare to the firme land there lye many blinde rockes which you must shunne Four leagues west from Briack lyeth Portblanke Port blāc upon a great river called Lantriliers East frō this haven lye manie Out-rockes you may sayle betweene them at 6 or 7 fathome with a lowe water about behinde the Seven Ilands and come westward by the Greene Iland into the Sea againe From Pickels aforesaid to the Seven Ilands it is 8 leagues east and by north Sept Isles w. by s you cannot sayle through nor betweene those Seven Ilands but betweene the firme land the Seven Ilands there runneth a white chanel through The Seven Ilands are to be sayled upon at 45 fathome and when you are against them then you see a steeple upō the firme land whereby they are well to be knowne this church is called Our Ladie of Brightnes And from the Iland which lyeth furthest east there shooteth off a Sand at the ende whereof there lyeth a rock for a good marke to sayle about this Sand. Above a league south from Seven Ilands lyeth the Greene Iland otherwise called Tabeliuck Green Iland Taveliuc which may be sayled round about and from thence runneth the deepe to the Driakelpotten northwest into the Sea The Seven Ilands are about 8 or 9 leagues long and northwest from the west ende of them there lyeth a rock under the water which at lowe water is above it From these Ilands to Driakelpotten Driakelpottes the course is west-south west e n. e. 5 leagues these are all mightie and fearfull Out-rockes spreading out farre and broad and lye without the coast of the land about five or sixe leagues Betweene the Driaklepotten and the Sept Isles lyeth the river of Laminoe and east from it the Greene Iland or Taveliuc which may be anckored round about The haven behinde the Greene Iland is called Ulles haven Vlles haven to sayle into it you must leave Taveliuc on backborde and you must goe in south it is a great creeke then the river will open it self but you must take heede of the northside of the river for it is foule To knowe the Driaklepotten you shall see a high steeple standing upon the land although there it must be cleare wether before you can have any sight of the land Along by this coast it is 50 and 45 fathome deepe and you may easily see the land so that in the night tyme you may come no nearer unto it then 45 fathome He that commeth from Voert and will sayle to S. Maloes must goe no nearer east with a south winde then east-northeast but if the winde be west then goe n. e. by e. untill you have Driaklepotten on your side otherwise the flood would drawe you thither the flood falleth there northwest and southeast in behinde the Seven Ilands but by day there is no daunger when you can see Behinde the Driaklepotten lyeth the haven of S. Iohn de Doye S. Iohn de Doye almost three leagues westward from the Greene Iland asmuch eastward from Morlions it is a tyde-haven from thence you may goe to Morlions through the rockes and anckor at 5 or 6 fathome lowe water West from the Driaklepotten or pottes lyeth a great rock about s w. by s from the same lyeth the east chanel of Morlions Morlions about 4 leagues distant West-southwest west by south from the aforesaid rock 5 or 6 leagues lyeth the west chanel of Morlions running in by a long craggie rock you may sayle into this chanel south and south and by west to the castle of Morlaix The castle of Morlaix and being about the castle you may sayle eastward on through the rockes and goe from the long rock n. n. e. and n. by e. out of the east havē into the Sea againe as the streame serves The flood commeth from the northwest Being within the castle of Morlaix and desiring to goe to Morlions they sayle east through the rockes it is al broken land
or 11 fathome nearest the Iland of Motten which is verie faire A league southwest from Gloyland by us called the Eastpenmarques there lyeth a great rock under the water whereon it raketh continually within without this rock it is 40 fathome deepe and when you goe east-southeast from the Westpenmarques then you runne farre ynough without them Thus the land of Eastpenmarques sheweth it self when you sayle by it About two leagues eastward of Glenant lye the Ilands of Motten Motten you may sayle betweene them and the firme land to Groye or Blauet there it is 9 or 10 fathome deepe But if you will goe through betweene Glenant and Motten sayle along by the Iland of Motten till you are without Glenant then sayle whither you would be Thus the land eastward of Glenant or Gloyland to Groye when you sayle along by it openeth it self From Motten to Groye Groye the course is east and by south eight leagues To knowe Groye you must understand that there stand three or four milles upon it and the east ende goeth slope downewards whereby it is easie to be knowne When Groye is n. n. e. from you four leagues it sheweth thus Under Groye it is good anckoring for a southwest winde at 6 or 7 fathome though at the southeast ende of Groye there lyeth a Sand which you must beware of for there it is foule ground Right behinde the Iland of Groye lyeth the haven of Blauet Blauet which runneth in northeast and by north at 4 or 5 fathome upon the west side of this haven there standeth a high speere steeple called Quinperley To sayle into Blauet The Barse lyeth on the east side of the haven which is a rock which commeth off from the east side of the haven On the east side also there lye two blinde rockes which you must be verie warie of as you enter in you must sayle in along by the west side When you are within it is wide and broad you may there anckor before the Iland which lyeth in the middle of the haven at 5 or 6 fathome it is 3 or 4 fathom deepe at lowe water II. The situation of Bel-Isle and the Ilands lying there abouts also the Creekes of Morbeam and Croisil or Croiswyke FRom Westpenmarques to Bel-Isle Bel-Isle or Boelin the course is east-southeast 21 leagues But from Groye to Bel-Isle it is south-southeast 5 leagues To know Bel-Isle you must understand that on the northwest ende it hath a rugged point wherein there is a great saddle you may also see some houses there upon the land and the east ende goeth whole sloping downe you may see it at 55 fathome Thus Belisle openeth it self when the northwest ende is east from you about four leagues When Belisle is northeast frō you 4 leagues then it sheweth ihus He that will seeke harbor under Belisle must shunne the northwest ende for there under the water there lyeth a rock a good waie from the land When you are there within then you sayle about two towes length along by the land and within a bases shotte about by the north point Rode under Bel-Isle till you come to the village with the speere steeple called S. Pauls there standeth a castle upon the point westward from the aforesaid steeple anckor within the point at 9 or 10 fathome then you lye safe from a south southwest west and northwest windes if it bloweth any thing northerlyer you may remove before the east ende which is half a league broad at 10 and 11 fathome the Iland reacheth s e. and n. w. and as the winde bloweth so a man must remove from one Rode to another it is good lying there There lye manie Ilands behinde Bel-Isle Ilands behinde Bel-isle but you may sayle behinde them to Groye and Morbeam in some places having good Rodes and specially the middlemost which hath a good haven which goeth in by a great rock but to sayle through there back againe a man must have some knowledge thereof because there lye manie rockes both above and under the water The east-Iland is called the Cardinal Cardinal and is distant from the east-ende of Bel-Isle e.n.e. and e. by n. about 4 leagues they lye 3 leagues from the firme land where there lye two great creekes or rivers from whence a man may sayle through betweene the firme land and the aforesaid Ilands lying behinde Bel-Isle to Croiswyke or Croixisle and also up the River of Nantes called Loire He that will sayle into Morbeam Morbeam let him goe from the east-Iland called the Cardinal to the Mayland n.w. n.n.w. there it is deepe 8 or 9 fathome then goe somewhat northerlyer upon the point which lyeth west from S. Iolme and runne in by it within the point it is 6 or 7 also 8 fathome deepe When you are within the point leave the west-point runne close in by the east-point and as soone as you are within the west-point of the haven then take good heede to your streame for the flood falleth verie stiffe into the river of Faunes then chuse the west-land at 6 or 7 fathome there it is all shallowe and when the steeple of Morbeam upon the West-land is west from you then anckor in the middle of the haven at 9 fathome then Aury the innermost steeple lyeth n. n. w. from you and the other steeple n. by e. but the point of Mayland e. s e. The litle Iland that lyeth in the Sea lyeth e. s e. w. n. w. from the west-point of the haven and the land from the haven to S. Iolmes steeple n.w. and s e and so to Croiswyke w.n.w. and e. s.e This Iland aforesaid lying without the haven of Morbeam on the north-ende is foule you must leave it on the left hand and runne to the point of the Mayeland and close in by it as aforesaid in the Trave it is 6 7 and 8 fathome deepe From the east-ende of Bel-isle to Crois-isle the course is east and by north Croixisle and east-northeast about 11 leagues But he that will sayle from Blauet to Morbeam he may sayle through behinde Groye and the Ilands lying behinde Bel-isle and when he is within the Ilands he must goe north-northeast till he be before the haven of Morbeam Before it there lyeth a rock or an Iland as I said before you must sayle in through the rock and the east-land to the east-ende of the haven and you must shunne the west-point at 6 fathome for it is shallowe the east-side is deepest till you come somewhat within then there lyeth a rock which at half flood is above the water you must goe east or west about it and anckor right behinde the rock making a towe fast on land or as you come within the west-point you may turne westward as I said before untill the village of Morbeam be west from you and there anckor at 9 fathome I said before that
beakons then turne aâ—aine northwest and northnorthwest till you be close by the north-land then runne close by it and so you leave all the shallowes on your right hand untill you see the River open then you see a house upon the strand on the west-side then goe from thence up into the River east and by south and eastsoutheast in the middle of the chanel betweene both landes till you be before the Salt-pannes or Avero where you may lade your shippe full of salt when you goe upon the mastes or beakons out of the Sea then you see a drie Sand by the which you must quickly winde about and sayle in by the west-land as I said before This chanel is two fathome deepe with dayly tydes but within you have 4 or 5 fathome deepe From Avero to Cape de Montego Cape de Montego it is south-southwest 7 leagues A league southward from Cape de Montego lyeth Pissago Pissago a Tyde-haven in it you finde two fathome water with a continual tyde at half flood Half a league westward into the Sea from this haven lyeth a banck of sixe fathome deepe which you may anckor under at 12 or 13 fathome it is at least a great league long and it is best to come in about under this banck Comming off from Cape de Montego you may also anckor under this banck at 7 fathome From Cape de Montego to Pineche Pineche or Nova Lisbona the course is s w and by s 11 leagues From Cape de Montego to the Barlis it is s w 12 or 13 leagues The point behinde the Barlis or Barlinges is also called Cape del Fisiron there lyeth a rock off from the point there southward there is a great creeke where the castle or towne lyeth there you may runne behinde with barkes and lye safe the towne is called Atogie it lyeth against the high hilles VI. To knowe the places of this Coast THe Coast of Portugal about Viana is wel to be knowne by meanes of the aforesaid hill of Rego because it is so extreame high and lyeth upon the water side and the high land of Viana lyeth twise or thrise double behinde it Betweene Viana Villa del Conde and Port a port you may see manie steeples and houses upon the Land and you see Villa del Conde lye as if it were a great towne You may knowe the River of Port a port by the rockes called Lesons which are verie high and lye right north from the River But about Avero it is altogether sandie strand and inward to the land there lyeth a black hillock within the land Cape Montego is a high point there against it in the land it is high hilles This Cape is sometimes taken for Roxant but that is wel to be knowne from the other because of the Barlis which lyeth betweene both Thus the coast of Portugal sheweth it self from Bayona to Cape de Montego when you sayle about four leagues from it S. Rego That which standeth heereunder belongeth to that that standeth above where the crosses stand ☞ Cap de Montego When that black hillock whereby the hand is standeth e. s e. from you then you are right against or before the River of Avero VII What Moone maketh high water heere VPon all these coasts of Portugal a northeast and southwest moone maketh a high water but within the havens a point later as I have said before you neede not reckon any falling of streames heere for the flood there goeth crosse towards the land and off againe VIII How these Countries lye one from the other FRom Cape de Finisterre to Mores or Monte Lauro the course is southeast 5 leagues From Rio Roxo to Ponte Vedra s s e. 5 leagues From Ponte Vedra or Blidones to the Ilands of Bayone south-southeast 5 leagues From Bayona to Camina south by east 4 leagues From Camina to Viana southsoutheast 7 leagues From Viana to Villa de Conde south by east 7 leagues From Villa de Conde to Port a port s by e. 5 leagues From Port a port to Avero south 11 leagues From Avero to Cap Montego southsouthwest 7 leagues From Cape de Montego to Pineche or Cape de Fisiron southwest by south 11 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Ilands of Bayona southeast and by south 19 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Port a port s s e. 44 leagues From C. de Finisterre to Avero s by e. s s.e 54 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Barrels south 67 leagues From Bayona to Barrels 49 leagues From Port a port to Barrels s s w. and s w by s 29 leagues From Avero to Barrels southwest 20 leagues IX How these Countries lye from other Countries FRom Cape de Finisterre to great Canaria southsouthwest and somewhat southerlyer 307 leagues From Cape Finisterre to the Salvages s s.w 273 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of Madera southwest and by south and somewhat southerlyer 246 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of S. Michael westsouthwest 247 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Iles of Tercera w. s w. and w. and by s 280 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the southwest point of Ireland n. and by west and north 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Cape de Claro south 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Waterford or the southeast point of Ireland north and by east 184 or 186 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Start-point n. n. e. 153 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Seims n. e. by n. and somewhat northerlyer 112 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Belisle southwest 122 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe de Finisterre lyeth under 43 degrees Bayona lyeth under 42 degrees 10 minutes or as some say 42 degrees Port a port lyeth under 41 degrees Avero lyeth under 40 degrees 26 minutes Cape de Montego lyeth under 40 degrees 8 minutes The Barlinges lye under 39 degrees 40 minutes The other places lying on these coasts you may take the heigth thereof in the Carde with the compasses Heere followeth the Carde N. 10. CHAPTER X. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Portugal and Algarve which lye betweene the Barlinges and Cabo de S. Vincent I. How you shall sayle the River of Lisbon FRom Barlinges to Roxent the course is south and by east and southsoutheast distant 16 leagues Behinde the Barlinges or Barlis there is a good Rode and anckor ground Rode behinde the Barils against the Hermites house where you may anckor at 10 fathome under the great Iland as it standeth marked in the Carde you may goe south and north on both sides thereof behinde them as you will for there it is faire Behinde the Barlis lyeth Cape de Fisiron and right south froÌ„ thence lyeth a high round hill which our saylers name Yonge Rocxent Yonge Rocxent From Cape de Fisiron to Rocxent it is south
them within two cables length at 6 or seven fathome till you be before the towne of Calis and there anckor as deepe as you will at 8 10 12 or 15 fathome it reacheth in for the most part e. s.e and s e by e. But there lyeth a stone under the water which is called the Diamant Diamant about n.n.e. and n.e. by n. from Puercos a litle league and when S. Catherins chappel is e.n.e. from you then you are against that stone or rocke which at half flood hath 3 fathome water upon it The markes of this rock are these when S. Maries church commeth over the north ende of Calis which is a closter standing without Calis there standeth also a house upon the hill which you goe along by to Xeres when that house commeth over against the chappel which standeth upon the side of the water westward from Marie-port when those markes are one over against the other then you should sayle upon the stone which at the dryest with high water is but 3 fathome and a half but sette the two high hilles which are south from the waie to Xeres so that they may be a litle asunder and come not one under the other then you sayle not upon this stone or rock The Puercos rockes lye about half a league from the north-point of Calis he that lyeth in the Rode before Calis hath the Puntal south or there aboutes from him after he cōmeth neare to Calis but southward from Calis there lyeth a rocke but goe no nearer unto it then 7 fathome Calis Baye is wide and broad and you anckor there at 5 or 6 fathome a northwest winde commeth into it therefore if anie man will goe in behinde the Puntal he must goe on southeast in betweene the point of Porte-real and the Puntal and then runne up upon the point of Puntal Rode behinde Puntal where you lye safe from all windes you may there also set a shippe drie to make it cleane and if you goe into the Creeke then you must take in a Pilot runne into the water of Porte-real and leave the Iland on backborde then you shall gett Herodes creeke open then sayle in through the middle of the chanel to the Salt-hilles When you sayle to Calis the Granado-hill will stand east and then it sheweth thus V. To sayle from Calis Malis through the Strait C. Trafalgar TO sayle from Calis to the Strait you must goe south s by e. to the point of Trafalgar then you runne farre ynough without the banckes or rockes which lye s s e. from Calis From S. Sebastians point to the point of Trafalgar it is s s.e 11 leagues There lyeth a stonie banck two leagues into the Sea west and by south from the Iland of Tarifa Tarifa which is 8 9 and 10 foot deepe at the dryest when the winde bloweth hard you may see the Sea ravle upon it If you will enter into the Strait you must sayle close by the land or farre from the land but it is best in the middle of the Strait when you are as farre from the land on the one side as on the other From the point of Trafalgar or Tarifa to Gibraltar the course is e. and e. by s 5 leagues On the west-side of Gibraltar there is a faire Rode to anckor in Rode before Gibraltar where also it is good anckoring but a southwest winde bloweth into it you lye there safe against a west winde and a south-winde bloweth just upon the point of the land of Gibraltar C. Spartel Cape Trafalgar and Cape de Spichel or Espartel lye distant s by e. and n. by w. 9 leagues East from Cape de Spartel lyeth Tanger Tanger in a great creeke and sandbaye there standeth a castle upon the west-point of Tanger somewhat high and then somewhat higher upon the hill there standeth a watchtowre east from Tanger there standeth another broken watchtowre so that Tanger is good to knowe When you are against Tanger the coast to Scheminckel-hill reacheth most e.n.e. and e. by n. therefore goe e.n.e. and e. by n. forward for that is the right course through the Strait In the night keepe most upon the Barbarie side for it is verie faire and the Spanish side is all foule Gibraltar or Iubleter as our saylers call it and Seuta Seuta lye distant s by e. and n. by w. 8 leagues From Gibraltar to Maribella Maribella the course is n.e. by n. it is a Rode to lade reasons oyle and other fruites in From Gibraltar to Cap de Mol on the west-side of Malaga the course is n.e. 24 leagues When you lye in the Rode at Malaga then that point lyeth about 3 or 4 leagues s w from you From Gibraltar to Velis Malaga Velis Malaga the course is n.e. by e. about 33 leagues and lyeth about 7 leagues eastward from Malaga From Velis Malaga to Cape de Gato the course is e. and e. by s 16 leagues From thence to Carthagena it is 19 leagues that is a good haven there you lye safe from all windes At Malaga Malaga you lye at 15 or 16 fathome safe frō a west-winde but an east-winde bloweth cornerwise To knowe Malaga you must understand that there standeth a castle on high eastward from it and there come two walles downe from it to the Sea to another castle that standeth upon the water the rode is now before that castle for at the other rode it is foule by meanes of casting of ballast into it At Velis Malaga you lye at 14 fathome with an east or Lavant winde it is there open but there is good ground At Maribella you may anckor at 12 or 13 fathome there stādeth a steeple by the water bring that in the middle over against the towne and anckor there there is the best ground Thus the Spanish-coast sheweth it self when you are without the Strait when the north-point is about seven leagues north and by east and the innermost point northeast from you When Tarifa is north from you then the land sheweth thus the point of Gibraltar lyeth northeast from you Tarifa VI. What Moone maketh high water upon all this Coast AT Calis in the baye a s s.w moone maketh a high water and also in the Strait of Gibraltar At Calis before the baye a s w by s and a n. e. by n. moone maketh a high water Before the River of S. Lucas a s w by s and n.e. by n. moone maketh high water Before the Condado a s s.w moone maketh a high water Before Palos Moger and Wolves a south and north moone maketh a full Sea At Cape S. Vincent and Cape S. Maria a southwest and n.e. moone maketh a full Sea The ebbe falleth without the Puercos south about to the Strait the flood falleth north about towards the land but the most part of
and Oratana On the southwest-ende of Tenerifa there is another litle haven or baye called Adessa where also it is good anckoring but a s w winde bloweth open into it there you lade much wine Thus Tenerifa sheweth when the Pico is westsouthwest from you and then you are open before the Rode of S. Crus When the Pico is southeast from you it sheweth thus and then you are open before the Rode of Gerrachia III. Of the Ilands of Palma Gomera and Ferro FRom Tenerifa to the Iland la Palma Le Palma the course is w. n. w. 20 leagues in the I le of Palma there is a towne where men use to lade called S. Crus which lyeth about the middle on the southeast-side of la Palma it is a faire baye If you come from the north and desire to anckor in the Rode of Palma you must runne in so farre in the creeke until that you be southward or past by the head or the bridge and then anckor at 25 or 30 fathome But in winter tyme you must not anckor so neare the strand because of southeast and southsoutheast windes for then you should lye to neare the strand you must there put out two anckors at one hole and a tye-anckor behinde to keepe the ship right in the Rode there lyeth a high white rock with a crosse east from the towne there is the best rode right north from the towne there is a faire Sand-baye there it is good anckoring at 20 30 or 35 fathome thereafter as men lye farre off this Rode is called Rammel-rode when you lye in the rode of Palma you may from thence see the Pico of Tenerifa e. s e. from you the Iland of Palma is verie high and full of trees whereby it is well knowne On the southwest-side of Palma also there is a place where you may lade wines which is called Tassa Corda Tassa Corda About five leagues west from the west-ende of Tenerifa lyeth the Iland Gomera Gomera which on the north-side hath a good haven of 10 fathome deepe where it is good lying for almost all windes better then in anie of the other Ilands but there is nothing to be laden you may anckor before the haven at 20 fathome there also you must shift anckor-place as at Gerrachia The rode of Adessa in Tenerifa lyeth there right against it east from it about five leagues When you lye at Gomera then the rode of Palma is northwest by north from you 16 leagues The Iland Ferro I. Ferro lyeth from the I le Palma south by west 13 leagues distant Thus the I le of Palma sheweth it self when it is about east 16 or 17 leagues from you Thus the Iland of Palma sheweth vhen it is south and south and by east from you nine or tenne leagues Thus the Iland of Palma sheweth it self when it is southwest and by south from you four or five leagues IIII. The Ilands Salvages Madera and Porto Santo GReat Canaria Salvages Salvages lye distant from each other n. n.w. and s s.e 40 leagues Southwest from Salvages lyeth a rock which a farre off sheweth like a sayle it lyeth 3 leagues from the I le under the southeast-side of the Iland it is a good rode for a northwest and west winde it reacheth s w n.e. to the uttermost rock it is faire ground 15 or 16 fathome deepe it is but half a league long The west-ende of Salvages is foule farre of therefore you must shunne it and therefore chuse rather to sayle eastward then westward about it Fortie leagues north from Salvages lye the Serters Serters which are three litle Ilands lying on the east-ende of the Iland of Madera whereof the nearest to the land is the smalest and lyeth about a league from the land that which is farthest from the land is the greatest and lyeth four leagues from the land if you come out of the north or from Porto Santo you may sayle wel through betweene the Iland of Madera the Serters there it is wide broad ynough but from the east-ende of Madera Madera there lyeth a blinde rock in the Sea which you must shunne In the Iland of Madera before the towne of S. Crus S. Crus it is a good rode at 20 fathome but before Fonsyael Fonsyael it is the right rode to lade at by the Lyon it is best to lye at 30 or 40 fathome On the southwest-side before Marasylo Marasylo it is also good anckoring at 16 and 18 fathome there it is good ground in everie place Porto Santo Porto Santo lyeth from Madera northeast 13 or 14 leagues it reacheth most s e and n.w. At each ende of the Iland lyeth a great rock the Rode is on the southwest-side east froÌ„ the cragged rock before the haven where you may lye safe with barkes When Salvages is e.n.e. from you five leagues it sheweth thus When Salvages is e. s.e five leagues from you it sheweth thus Thus the Iland of Madera sheweth when you come out of the north and that the middle of the Iland is twelve or therteene leagues from you the southeast ende is verie cragged when it is neare unto you and the northwest-ende goeth slopeing downe and it is a steepe point Thus the Iland of Madera sheweth when it is southwest from you When Madera is westsouthwest from you therteene leagues it sheweth thus When Madera is s from you 16 leagues it sheweth thus When Porto Santo is southwest from you about nine leagues it sheweth thus Thus Porto Santo sheweth about southeast from you sixe or seven leagues V. Of the Flemish Ilands S. Michaels Tercera and Fayael MAdera and the Iland of S. Michael S. Miâ—haels lye distant from each other northwest and southeast 136 leagues If you desire to anckor under S. Michaels you must understaÌ„d that the Rode is on the southwest-side of the Iland comming about the east or west-point of the Iland you shall see two townes before the westerlyest is the Rode at 20 25 fathome this towne is called Punto del Gada or Punt Algato there the coast reacheth w.n.w. and e. s.e to a towne called Villa Franco the elyeth an Iland before it betweene the Iland and S. Michaels it is deepe 5 6 and 7 fathome From S. Michaels to Tercera the course is n. w. by w. 35 â—eagues 〈◊〉 under Tercera the rode is on the south-side of the land west froÌ„ the rockes right before the towne of Angra betweene two pointes reaching out whereof the westerlyest reacheth a good waie into the Sea and on the ende thereof hath two verie high hilles This point is called Bresil and when you come out of the Sea it sheweth from farre as if it were separated from the land upon each of these pointes sticking out there standeth a castle for defence of the shippes which lye there in the Rode it is there in the Rode deepe 20 and 25 fathome
east-side of the haven commeth in the middle of the chanel then sayle up upon it in the middle betweene both the lands and be readie with your boat if the winde should chance to whirle that then you might towe in then turne on the west-side before the brewhouse and anckor at 10 or 12 fathome for within it is a wide haven and you may as well anckor before the village as before the brewhouse There lyeth a blinde rock on the east-side of the haven of Dartmouth the markes to sayle out of the dauÌ„ger thereof are these there is a redde point east from Dartmouth which upon the water is black and in the redde there lyeth a white stone when the white stone is over against the black point then you are right over against the said rock which lyeth before the haven of Dartmouth but when you see the Kaye of the village then doe as aforesaid and you shall not sayle by the stone Four leagues east from Dartmouth lyeth the baye of Torbaye Torbaye Rode where you may anckor you must place the west-point s e and s s e. from you and there you lye safe against a southwest winde at 7 or 8 fathome On the east-side there is also a Tyde-haven where there is good anckor ground at 4 or 5 fathome as you are close by or farre from the land From Torbaye to Portland it is east and east by north 13 leagues About 5 leagues n. and n. by e. from Torbaye lyeah the creeke of Tops or Exmouth Exmouth where you may lye safe â—gainst a south-winde at 7 or 8 fathome good anckor ground on the south-side of the Single which lyeth before the tyde-haven of Exmouth so that the rockes of Totmanstone lye south and south and by east from you From Exmouth to Portland the course is e. s e. 13 leagues Betweene them both close by the land there lyeth an Iland callâ—d Cob. Thus the land sheweth betweene Goutstart and Torbaye Thus the land on the west-side of Portland sheweth when you sayle along by it Thus Portland sheweth when you come from the west Thus Portland sheweth when it is north and by west from you seven leagues Thus Portland sheweth when you come from the east As long as Portland lyeth west and by north from you then the east point is high and steepe but when it beginneth to come northnortheast from you then it lyeth as it were round to your sight and when it lyeth more easterly from you then the west-side is the highest and steepest V. Of manie depths and fashions of grounds which men finde when they come out of the Sea to seeke out the chanel betweene Heysant and the Sorrels taken out of the search made by Adrian Gerritson of Haerlem SOuthwest and by south from Seims seven leagues it is 72 fathome deepe The Seims and the ground is slopie white great sand as if it were wreathed small stones with small peeces of shelles graye flatte stones and white shining needles sayle from thence n. and n. by e. then you are in a good waie to Heysant The Seims About 2 leagues s w. from Seimes it is 52 fathome deepe the grouÌ„d is there white yellowe with some smal redde shelles manie graie ragged needles with some white shining points as if they were needles If a man found 70 or 80 fathome there they would judge it to be good chanel ground for it is white yellowe rough long sand The Seims Also w. s w. from the Seimes so farre from the land that you may see the Sheetes from the poope of the ship verie well there it is 54. fathome deepe the ground there is redde white yellowe and black peeces as if it were parings of cheese with some great redde sand amongst it West and by south 8 or 9 leagues from Seims at 65 fathome there the ground is white yellowe and some small redde shellie sand with some peeces of shelles which are not over great and with much white-yellowe long sand with small white points of needles such as men cast in the chanels Heâ—sâ—nt Seven leagues s w. from Heysant or thereaboutes where you may plainely see from the poope of the ship at 70 fathome there the ground is white yellowe great sand with some peeces of crampen some peeces of white thinne shelles some graye flatte hackled stones Southwest by west from Heysant about 19 or 20 leagues at 78 or 80 fathome the ground is white yellowe great sand with shining needles white peeces of crampen graye yellowe flatte stones and peeces as if they were of oyster shelles West and by south from Heysant 21 leagues at 86 fathome there the ground is redde yellowe and black with a litle white round sand amongst it shewing as if it were shel-sand But at 80 fathome 21 leagues west from Heysant the ground is yellowe and shellie with some graye rugged needles as if they were the endes of small rye Also at 80 fathome Heysant 24 leagues from Heysant w. by s the ground is rough sand with manie peeces of redde white yellowe and graye shelles and peeces of crampen or shelles From Heysant west 16 or 17 leagues at 75 fathome the ground is pale yellowe great sand with peeces of white thinne shelles and graye peeces of crampen or of oyster shelles and white shining needles Eight or 9 leagues from Heysant it is 70 fathome deepe the ground is redde yellowe white graye shellie sand with redde yellowe and black peeces of shelles small redde yellowe black graye litle stones and some white needles Fortie-eight Leagues w. by n. from Heysant and w. s w. froÌ„ Lezard 50 leagues or thereaboutes it is 95 fathome deepe the ground is redde yellowe and black sand with small white round shellie sand some small peeces of shelles or crampen and some small peeces of thinne shelles Thirtie three leagues w. by n. from Heysant 28 leagues s w. by s from Sorrels at 95 fathome there the ground is graye redde yellowe with black sand amongst it some darke redde peeces and pale yellowe peeces of shelles to conclude it is there small graye redde shellie sand and the best course from this ground is e. n. e. it is almost under the heigth of nine-and-fortie degrees Four-and-twentie leagues w. or w. by n. from Heysant and s by w. from the Sorrels 21 leagues at 80 fathome there the ground is white graye redde yellowe smal shellie sand with small redde and white peeces of shelles and to see to it is like ground mustard seed it is under the heigth of 49 degrees Seven or 8 leagues west and w. and by n. from Heysant at 68 or 70 fathome the ground is white yellowe small shel-sand with many graye curld needles amongst it About 31 leagues west somewhat northerlyer from Heysant at 90 fathome there the ground is small white rough long sand mixt with a litle redde
Countries and at what depths you may see the land THe Iland of the Vlie the Schellingh and Texel you may see at 15 or 16 fathome Against the Schellingh you have white Sand close by Peters sand it is 12 or 13 fathome deepe You must take heede of the grounds of the Vlie as of Bornriffe for they are verie shoring You may see Ameland at 12 fathome and it is verie farre flat at 12 and 13 fathome so that at 15 fathome you can not see it You may see Schiermonickoogh at 12 and 13 fathome and then it is about four great leagues from you You may see Rottum and Borcum at 14 and 15 fathome Against Borcum the ground is great redde sand with some black amongst it Iuyst may be seene at 13 and 14 fathome and three leagues from the land it is 12 fathome deepe Buys and Norderny you may see from the poope at 12 and 13 fathome Baltrum Langheroogh and Wrangheroogh you may see at 14 and 15 fathome About Holie land it is 7 8 and 9 fathome deepe that is on the inner side but without on the west side it is 15 16 18 and 19 fathome and at such depths you may see the Holie land What notable markes stand upon these Ilands whereby you may knowe them it is perfectly and at large declared in the description of them XX. How these lands are distant from each other FRom the Vlie to the northnortheast ende of the Broad fourteene the course is westnorthwest 8 leagues Petersand and Borneriffe lye distant about northeast and by east and southwest by west 4 leagues From Borneriffe to West-Eems e. n. e. about 13 leagues or as some will 15 leagues From Borneriffe to Wrangheroogh about 29 leagues From Borckummer riffe to Wrangheroogh e. n. e. 16 leagues From East Eems or Iuystriffe to Schortonne n. e. 20 leagues From Wrangeroogh to the Newe worke e. n. e. 8 leagues Holie land and Borneriffe lye distant n. e. by e. and s w. by w. as men commonly say 32 leagues or as some say 34. leagues Holie land Borkummer riffe lye from each other n. e. s w. Holie land and Langheroogh lye distant northnortheast and southsouthwest Holie land the uttermost tonne in the Weser lye distant from each other south and somewhat westerly and north and somewhat easterly But the tonne at the Head in the Weser and Holie land lie distant south and north 8 leagues Holie land and the Schor tonne or the Newe worke lye distant s e. by e. and n. w. by w. 8 leagues XXI How these Lands are distant from other Countreys FRom the Vlie to the I le of Silt in the Coast of Iutland northeast 47 fathome From the Vlie to Rincoper or Numer deepe northnortheast and somewhat easterlyer 59 leagues From the Vlie to Bovenberghen northnortheast and somewhat northerlyer about 69 leagues From the Vlie to the Sand at sixteene fathome north and by east 61 or 63 leagues From the Vlie to the Neus north by east 85 leagues From the Vlie to Schuytenes north and by west and somewhat northerlyer 107 leagues From the Vlie to Fairehill n. w. by n. 144 leagues From the Vlie to Hitland northwest and by north and somewhat northerly 152 leagues From the Vlie to Tinmouth or Newcastle w. n. w. 91 leagues From Borneriffe to the Neus north or as some saye somewhat easterlyer 83 leagues From the Eems to Bovenberghen north by east 60 leagues From the Eems to Flamborough Head west somewhat northerly 85 leagues From Holie land to Bovenberghen n. and by w. 50 leagues From Holie land to Hanglip in Hitland n. w. 147 leagues From Holie land to Boeckenes n. w. and by w. 123 leagues From Holie land to Lieth in Schotland west and by north and somewhat northerlyer 120 leagues From Holie land to Tinmouth or Newcastle west and somewhat northerly 107 leagues From Holie land to Scarborowe or Flamborough Head west and somewhat southerly 94 leagues From Holie land to the Holme before Iarmouth westsouthwest and somewhat westerlyer 72 leagues How Holie land lyeth distant from the Iuttish Ilands and from all the havens or chanels lying on Iutland you shall finde in the Chapter ensewing Heere followeth the Carde N. 21. Pascaarte vande westcuste van Juthlant ende Holsterlant vertoenende de gelegentheijt van de Reviren de Elve de Eijder enÌ„ de Hever Voort alle de futsche Eijlanden ende alle Zeegaten tusschen de Elve ende den Reefhorn geleghen met alle Sanden Reven ende Banck daer outrent alles gestelt eF zijne rechte streckinghen ende coursen Carte Marine de la coste occidentale de Futhlande et Holsterlande remostrant la situation des vivieres de l'Elbe Eijder et Hever en outre toutes les Mes de Juthie et embonchures de mer situeez entre l'Elbe et le Reefhorn Semblablement tous bancs de sable lieux areneux et dangereux entour lesdictes places le tout exactement pose selon ses vraÿes routes et distances A Westersijd B de Reefhorn C Dode bergh D Doel-santÌ„ E Schelling kroegh F Langhe legh G Wisdijc sant H Panu knut I Grauwe dieâ— K Harlsam L Reuck en Rust M Ameren bor N Nubal cylant O de Quade P Utto Q de Koebargh R Nieuwe gronden r Hecke sant S Blau oort ss de steert vaÌ„de hont T Vogel sant V Schorre horn U Nieuwe gronden W Ooster ende W. tijl X Myd plaets Y Ton opt hoost Z t'Rroode sant Z Steen balgh CHAPTER II. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Iutland and the Iutish Ilands lying betweene the Elve and Rifhorne I. To sayle into the South and North Pip. IN the Chapter before it is shewed how you shall sayle into and out of the Elve About seven leagues north from the Elve lyeth the Eyder but there right south lyes the North Pip and a league south from the North Pip lyeth the South Pip The South Pip. which lyeth right east from the Holie land and goeth in e. s e. at 5 or 6 fathome through the North grounds and at the north ende of Hodemer sand commeth into the flat streame whereon there standeth a beacon which you must leave upon the starreborde when you will sayle up into this haven The North Pip North Pip. as I said lyeth a league northerlyer then the South Pip and is seperated from the Eyder by a Sand which is called Blaweoort Blawoort or the point of the Hound which runneth off from the beacon upon the Hound and so farre inâ—o the Sea almost half waie to Holie land There right south the North Pip goeth in and reacheth in most part east and east by south to the beacon at the Hound Erom the beacon at the Hound to Hudemer sand it reacheth forward most s e. and s e. by e. you may sound it froÌ„ without cleane within along by the south side at 3 and 4 fathome as farre as within the beacon
at the Hound leaving the said beacon on baghborde When you come within Buysen there it is twice or thrice crooked and there standeth a beacon upon the north ende of Hudemer sand leave it on starborde and then goe up eastward till you be about the Sand which shooteth off from Hudemersand there you shal finde a beacon which you must sayle up unto and leave it on baghborde and goe s w. then you shall finde another beacon upō the east side of the flat streame standing upon Roomaerder sand saile out by the same leaving it on the left hand and then you shall come out at the old Elve II. To sayle up into the Eyder RIght north from Blauweoort the Eyder goeth in and lyeth distant from Holie land east by north and when with that course you fall upon the land then you shall see a sharpe steeple upon Eyder towne called Gartinghen Gartinghen which is an indifferent long steeple you must bring it on the south side of the downes which are called the South heads South heads and then they stand from you n. e. by n. or somewhat easterlyer with these markes you must sayle over Blauoort so long untill you finde deepe water as 5 or 6 fathome soft ground then you shall see a sharpe steeple stand in Ditmarse called Weselborne bring that east or somewhat southerlyer from you goe in e. by s and sometimes somewhat easterlyer till the Buys be s e. and by s from you and that the beacon at the Hound standeth s s w. from you then Ees will come a ships length north from Tatinghen which is the southerlyest of the two flatte churches standing upon Eyderland then goe up northnortheast for then you are within the Newe grounds then there commeth a Sand on the starreborde side shooting off from Ditmarse which is called Hecke sand Hecke sand when you are past this Hecke sand the Newe grounds then you come against the greene land of Coebergh or Cow-hill A litle waie within Koebergh there commeth a Sand shooting off from Eyder side which you may sayle under as you goe along by the Eyder side so that you must runne into a Dead chanel where you must come backward out againe Behinde or in it there lyeth a small village of seven or eight houses called Ulckhorne Vlckehorne there men lade oxen and there the oxen come to be bought When you come about Heckesand or against Koebergh or Cowe-hill then the Eyder reacheth from the aforesaid Sand which commeth shooting off from Eyderstede east by south When you are past that Sand then the Eyder reacheth eastnortheast and northeast and by east to Tonninghen Tonninghen There also they lade oxen Or to get into the Eyder otherwise To goe another waie into the Eyder when as I said before you come from Holie land then bring Gartinghen before the downes and rūne by the south side at 3 fathome keepe the steeple standing so and sound about by the south side till you gett deeper water and bring the sharpe steeple in Ditmarse aforesaid east or somewhat southerlyer from you hold that standing so till you be within But if you will goe up the Eyder then chuse the north side when you come in because of the Pip for without the Pip and the Eyder is all one chanel and the sand of the Hound whereon the beacon standeth shooteth there betweene them both a great waie into the Sea as I said before and you may sayle over the sand into the north Pip a litle westward frō the beacon at the Hound Beacon at the Hond therefore you must there runne over the sand in time if you will goe into the Eyder otherwise you may sayle under the north side inward from without But from the north you cānot well get to the Eyder because of the points which rūne off from the grounds But there looke well to your streames for without the Grounds the streames fall in most part southeast and northwest out and a south and north moone maketh a high water there The Eyder is 6 or 7 fathome deepe soft ground And when you will goe out of the Eyder into the Pip To goe out of the Eyder into the Pip. then you must goe out so farre untill Tatinger church come upon the east ende of Ees there you may goe over the Hond sand you shall not there have lesse then two fathome and an half at high water The Land chanel of the Eyder The Land chanel or the Northchanel of Eyder for the most part reacheth in e. by n. right up upon Koebergh you must get to that from the north to sayle in north from the Newe grounds they lye upon the south side of this chanel and then you come against the Koebergh againe into Eyder streame About two leagues north from Koebergh or from the said Land chanel there lyeth another chanel or balgh which you may sayle up into there stand two beacons in it and it reacheth in most east by north to the south downes of Ees then you may goe along by the land till you be behinde the Iland Utto You may also in that chanel runne along by the south downes of Ees to Koebergh and so come againe into the Land chanel of Eyder but it is verie crooked You may not use this unles you be driven to it these are bad chanels because they are flatte so farre out therefore it is not well to be done unlesse a man be forced to search these chanels of necessitie Thus the land of Eyder sheweth Ees Gartinghen North head Tatinghen South head III. How to sayle up the Hever TO sayle from the Newe worke or from Schor tonne to the Hever you must understand that the course is north and south distant 11 leagues but alwaies looke well to your streames for as I said the fore flood falleth verie stif crosse over the grounds into the land the ebbe contrarie but when you are half waie then you meete with Blawoort sand whereof I spake before at the depth of two or three fathome But to sayle from Holie land to the Hever then goe on n. e. and somewhat easterlyer according as the winde and streame suffer and runne upon the Grounds at 6 or 7 fathome then you shall finde an indifferent high steeple which on the toppe is sharpe it is called Pielworme Pielworme set this steeple northeast and by north from you and a mast length south from the southerlyest Cowehouse which standeth upon the Iland of Nubal Nubal keepe the steeple standing so and sayle up to it then you shall finde the uttermost tonne then goe from the first tonne to the second tonne northeast and northeast and by east and comming to it then Pielworme steeple will stand n. n. e. from you Frō thence the course inward is n. e. by e. and when you come a good waie in thē you finde two beacons standing
there on starborde upon a drie sand called the Quade The Quade a drie sand right over against it coÌ„meth the North chanel into the right Hever The North chanel North-balgh commeth reaching in from the north about east and by north from Pielworme and commeth right upon the I le of Nubal whereon the Cowehouse standeth and you may sayle up northward or n. n. e. froÌ„ the Cowe house to the ende of the strand where there standeth a flatte church it is a deepe chanel You may also sayle from the I le of Nubal into the right Hever and then you come against the Quade againe into the right deepe as is aforesaid To sayle up into the Hever the course from the first beacon to the third is e. by n. sayle along by the beacons leaving them on starborde Betweene the first and third beacon on the north side it is all full of sands and flattes there you may sayle behinde them By the third beacon the South chanel South-balgh commeth into the Hever and commeth running off from the Iland Utto about n. e. by n. and reacheth from the northende of the I le of Utto into the Sea and it is above a league to sayle into the Sea From the the third beacon to the two other beacons the course is northeast and by east then you come to the Greene land which lyeth on starborde then it is a four squared chanel which is wide and broad you may there sayle in the middle of the water to Hoesem Hoesem just to the bridge or you may anckor where you will Without in the Hever the north side is shoring therefore keepe by the south side till you are within all the beacons The chanel is two fathome and an half deepe at half flood and it is verie farre flatte water There lyeth also a banck a good waie without the Hever which you must remember when you will sayle in A south and north moone maketh a high water there IIII. To sayle into the Small or Narrowe Chanel THree or four leagues north from the Hever lyeth the Small-deepe Small deepe He that will sayle from Holie land to the Small-deepe must goe northeast and by north runne upon the Grounds about west and by north from Pielworme then the south ende of Ameren will be north or there abouts from you then seeke for the south-side and sound about it you cannot doe amisse on the south side for it is a rising ground which lyeth farre without the land then sayle in north and by east northnortheast and northeast and by north then you shall finde a sand or raveling which you must leave on baghborde you may sound about by it untill you come in you must keepe the south side and sound about by it going in northeast and by north On the north side there lye manie sands and out-points but if you let the aforesaid shallowe lye on starborde then you come into a Dead chanel where at the beginning you shall have 7 fathome deepe but it runneth all on a heap to nothing And when you have sounded so farre about the aforesaid shallowe that you come against the south ende of Ameren then you may sayle under the north side for there commeth a sheare of the Wadt shooting off from Voren Then chuse the south side till you come against Voren V. To sayle into the Roode deepe or Silter chanel TO sayle into the Roode deepe or Silter chanel comming northward or out of the Sea you must runne in the sight of the Iland of Ameren and about the middle of the Iland of Ameren there lyeth a white round hill a litle higher then the other hillocks in a lowe plaine valley in that Iland place that downe or hill northeast from you Markes to reach the chanel and keepe it standing so and runne up upon it untill you be within the sand which shooteth off from the Foretrap and is commonly called Ameren borne Ameren Borne and you cannot faile thereon for then you shall have no lesse then three fathome water upon the point of the Sand and comming within the said Sand 11 12 or 13 fathome water Sayle so forward till the north ende of Ameren be north by east from you when you have these markes standing thus as aforesaid then runne upon the north ende of Ameren till you come within the drie sand there you may anckor where you will or sayle as farre in as you will and sound along by the sand The strand of Ameren also is a faire strand without sands which you may sayle under But when the said hill lying upon Ameren is e. n. e. from you and you should sayle up to it then you goe to neare the said sand of Silt. The hill then is divided into two partes and then the northerlyest is the smallest But if you will sayle into the Roode deepe or the Silter chanel coÌ„ming from Holie land To sayle into Silter chanel coÌ„ming out of the south see the land then set the northende of Ameren north and by east from you till you come betweene Ameren and Silt sand and then so in by Ameren strand till you be about the north point of Ameren so long till Ameren lyeth south and s s w. from you you may not sayle anie further into this chanel for then you come against the Iland of Vooren There lye two riffes or bad sands the one lyeth about w. s w. from Ameren and is drie above the water which is a great waie fâ—at at 3 4 and 5 fathome and by the Iutters is called the Borne or Ameren Borne Ameren Borne although it is not fast to Ameren for the Roode chanel goeth in there betweene them both It is not also fast on the Voortraps or the south ende of Silt although it coÌ„meth shooting off from thence for betweene them there goeth a Fishermans chanel into the Sea of a fathome and an half where the Fishermen goe daily out to fish specially they of the Iland of Vooren This is the uttermost Sand lying on the chanel such as use much to these places as to Repen and the places there abouts are verie fearefull of Ameren borne when they come from the Holie land and they finde this drie sand about w. s w. from Ameren The other Sand shooteth off from the south ende of Ameren The other Riffe Ameren reaching about south and south and by west into the Sea along by the land This also by manie is called the Borne or Ameren borne If you come from Holie land will goe north about you neede not feare this Sand for it shooteth out most by the land Thus the Iland of Ameren sheweth VI. To sayle into the haven of List ABout eight leagues north from Silter chanel there lyeth a verie faire haven called List which runneth in at the north ende of the Iland of Silt. To sayle into this haven of List comming
sand called Smeur sand Smeur-sand which shooteth off from Phanu there you may well goe along by direction of the eye without fayling and let that be on starborde as you come in The lands there on both sides are verie shoring both Wisdyke Wisdyke which is the Flat which lyeth in the chanel and Smeursand also When you are past the point of Smeursand then turne over to Wisdyke and there anckor till you have the lowest water then you may sayle to Hartinghen and goe to Wardt or Woordt Woordt which lyeth 8 or 9 leagues within the land but the River goeth crooked wheron now then a house or Gentlemans lodging lyeth A southsouthwest and northnortheast moone maketh high water heere and it floweth heere with a continual tyde about a fathome up and downe From Phanu to Schellinghrock it is four leagues Betweene them both lyeth Suydersid Suydersyd which is a River of 8 or 9 foot water The land betweene Langhelech and Suydersid is knottie downe land rough and overgrowne with heath If you chance to come to land or to fall upon Suydersid and could not get into the chanel then chuse the land of Langhelegh you may rūne upon it without anie daunger but keepe at 2 fathome an half then you cannot mis-sayle that Kroech for you may sound all this land frō Langhelegh till you be within Schellinghkroech Schellingh kroech at three fathome and an half but if you come to three or three fathome and an half then you would sayle misse the drie sand and goe without the Kroech aforesaid Schellingh kroech reacheth in northwest for the most part To sayle into Schellingh kroegh cōming out of the north and there you lye safe against all windes as if you laye in the Ketle at Koninghsberghen But if you come out of the north will goe into this haven you may well sound about that drie sand at three fathome And when you come by the innermost point of the drie sand there shooteth a Sand off but you may see it well and avoide it nowe when you come to the east ende of that Sand then loofe up by the Sand into this Kroech and there anckor at two fathome and a foot water there it is somewhat wide you may well goe in a pritie waie and laveere in A southsouthwest and northnortheast moone maketh a full Sea there but the further you goe about northward to Iutland NOTA. there goeth lesse streame and it floweth lesse up and downe On the north ende of the aforesaid drie sand lyeth the Dead-hill which is a short peece of a downe which lyeth alone when you are somewhat off from it then it sayleth under the other land and then you see it not But comming from the south and north then you may alwaies see it lying From Dead hill to the south ende of the drie sand it is all faire strand and faire flatte ground If you will anckor under the drie sand when you come out of the north Rode under the drie sand then you may sound along by it round about and get good harbor for a northwest winde and also for westerlie windes Right north from the Dead hill lyeth the Horne where the Reef horne shooteth out whereof I wil speake more in the next Chapter Thus the Iland of South-sid sheweth south from the Dead hill Dead-hill South-side Langelegh Luysbergh IX Of the falling running of the streames at these Ilands and Coasts of Iutland and what Moone maketh high water there IN the Pip Eyder and Hever a south and north moone maketh high water the flood commeth there out of the northwest and the ebbe southeast runneth so over the north-North-grounds In the chanel of List or Silt a south north moone maketh high water and the flood commeth out of the northwest and falleth litle along by the land but the ebbe the contrarie In Knuytes Seepe a southsouthwest and a northnortheast moone maketh high water there also the flood commeth out of the northwest and falleth more then a great quarter thereof along by the land and the ebbe the contrarie In the havens of Suydersid Grouwe deepe and Schellingh-kroegh a s s w. and a n. n. e. moone maketh high water The flood there also commeth out of the northwest and falleth over the Reef horne to the Iuts Ilands the ebbe also to the contrarie off from the land to the North Sea X. Of the groundes and depths about these lands and at what depths you may see them being at Sea IN Ditmarse the land of Kidingh and Botjaghers land the groundes lye so farre without the land or the Coasts that you can not see the Coasts unlesse you clime up into the toppe of the mast The groundes of Hever and the bancks of the Small deepe without Strand Yederstee they lye about two leagues without the Coasts of the land Betweene Holie land and Ameren or Strand it is 10 or 11 fathome deepe and at that depth you may see both the lands if you clime up into the shrowdes You knowe Strand by the steeple of Pielworme standing upon the south ende of the land there stand more churches steeples upon the Iland of Strand but none of them is so well to be knowne as Pielworme Ameren is a great league long it is all lowe downes overgrowne with heath The Iland of Silt may be seene at 10 fathome upon the Iland nearest to the north ende there lyeth a high shoring redde cliffe going steepe down on both sides On the south side of the cliffe there standeth a flat church with a lowe clock-house and eastward standeth another church with a high thick steeple called Heydom The north ende of the land is called List but the south ende is called the Voortrap XI How these Lands lye distant from each other FRom the uttermost tonne of the Elve to the Eyder north and south 7 or 8 leagues From the Eyder to the Hever the land standeth northnorthwest and southsoutheast 5 leagues From the Hever or the south ende of Strand to the south ende of Ameren n. n. w. 5 leagues Ameren is a small Iland of two leagued long Two great leagues north from Ameren lyeth Silt it is about five leagues long and reacheth s and by e. and n. and by w. From the north ende of Silt called List to the south ende of Rim or Rem it is n. e. and s w. a league long and the I le of Rem is three leagues long and reacheth most south and north From the north ende of Rem to the south ende of Manu it is n. e. and s w. a league long but you can not well see it because of the grounds and great flats which reach out there from the Sea Manu and Phanu lye about two leagues distant from each other Manu is about half a league long The Iland of Phanu is about three or four leagues long and reacheth from Phanuknuyts to Knuyts chanel s s
may well sayle up unles it be at a lowe water The depth runneth by Numits strand and when you keepe Numits strand whereon the beacons stand then you can not goe amisse but as soone as you put off from thence then you may sayle under the sands or sheares which reach off from the Wadt to the land of Numit therefore runne so long close by the strand of Numit Markes of the Sands till a church with a flat steeple which standeth about east from you against the high land of the Holme commeth on the south side of the high land then you are within the sands and outsands then you must leave the strand and goe in n. n. e. and n. e. by n. till there commeth a round hillock close south or right over against a blewe church which standeth upō the high land of the Holme then goe in northeast and by east till the aforesaid blewe church commeth against a Gentlemans house which standeth belowe close by the water in the lowe land then sayle north and north and by east till you be before Rincopen for there it is wide and broad The right depth there is two fathome and two foot Rincopen and the haven of Numen lye distant from each other four leagues North from Rincopen there runneth a River into the land whereon there lye two small townes the one called Hostebro Hostebro the other Huysbuy Huys buy they lye at least seven or eight leagues into the land Half a league south from Bovenberghen there goeth another small haven out of the Sea inward it is called Trosmond Trosmond chanel There stand two masts which you must hold one over against the other and so goe in within it there lyeth a village called Trosmond from thence you may sayle over the Wadt to Rincopen This haven or chanel is sometimes closed up and sometimes againe botes or crayers and small ships may goe out of and into it but it is reckoned for no haven III. Of the situation of Bovenberghen and the Holmen FRom Rincoper haven or the haven of Numan to Bovenberghen the land reacheth most north south 10 leagues and betweene them both it is all over a faire strand with white downes which are overgrowne with heath when you sayle along by it then you may see the blewe within the land of Rincopen called Holmes above over this land Betweene Bovenberghen and Reefshorne Bankes betweene Reefshorn Bovenberghen there lye some bancks of 7 8 and 9 fathome and some that are deeper Bovenberghen Bovenberghen is a long plaine hill in the middle having a round hillock or hill and upon this hill standeth a church with a steeple you may see the land at 13 and 14 fathome But if you come upon Bovenberghen to land then it openeth in three hilles it is a shoring steepe point the middlemost hil is the highest whereon standeth the church aforesaid with a flat steeple and on both sides of this hill there stand other churches which are not so high You may see the land at 13 or 14 fathome The ground is great redde sand with some small stones therein From Bovenberghen to the Holmen the land reacheth north northeast 9 or 10 leagues but it lyeth in a Creeke and it is black hillockie downish land overgrowne with heath and there standeth now and then a flat steeple in the land And there lyeth a banck of 10 fathome about five leagues from the land but it continueth not long Iutland Sand. Betweene Bovenberghen and the Holme from thence the Sand reacheth off from the land west into the Sea and when you goe over that Sand at 12 and 13 fathome then the Neus lyeth from you northwest and by north 24 leagues The Holmes Holmes is a plaine point which on the northeast side goeth shoring downe and in the middle upon this hill there standeth a four-square church without a steeple When that heigth of the land is southsoutheast from you and that you may justly see the north ende then it is 15 fathome deepe great rough sand with some stones amongst it A stonie banck north frō Holmes There lyeth a banck of stone like the Trindle of Lesou two leagues northeast or somewhat easterlyer from the north point of the Holmes that is betweene the north and the east points so that the two third parts of the water is almost betweene this stone-banck and the north point and the other third part betweene the east point the said stone-banck and there is not above 12 foot water upon it there hath some ships bin cast awaie upon it This east point East point lyeth about four leagues eastward from Holmes and is also a high shoring or sloping point as if it were Holmes Right against this east point there shooteth a Sand half a league into the Sea which you may sound about at seven fathome but as some say you may goe through betweene the land and this Sand. Thus the land betweene Bovenberghen and the Holmes sheweth when you sayle along by it two leagues from the land East point Holmes Bovenberghen South of Bovenberghen III. The situation of the Coasts of Iutland from the Holmes to Schaghen FRom the Holmes to Robbeknuyt the course is northeast nine leagues And right west from Robbeknuyt in the creeke to the east point there stand five churches with flat steeples which stand nearest to Robbeknuyt there lye also two blewe lands betweene the East-point and Robbeknuyt and there the land lyeth in a Creeke and chere also you see a cloven hill or downe before you come to Robbeknuyt It is there all along flatte strand East from Holmes there goeth in a water called Misdorp Misdorp and right west from the white Cliffe of Robbeknuyt there also runneth in a litle River whereon there lyeth a towne called Werlom Werlom Robbeknuyt is a high round hill and right upon the heigth of the hill there standeth a church with a sharpe steeple To knowe Robbeknuyt But east about from this point there goeth a great Creeke about to Hartshals Against Robbeknuyt it is verie farre flat for fifteene fathome depth is at least two leagues from the land And about four leagues from the land there lyeth a banck of nine fathome which reacheth along by the land And against Robbeknuyt there lyeth a stone or rock about a league from the land From Robbeknuyt to Hartshals Hartshals it is southwest and by west four leagues The land as I said before reacheth that waie with a creeke or bowing and there standeth a flatte steeple betweene them both but nearest to Robbeknuyt and there you see the high land of Laclowe over that high land Hartshals is a long plaine hill To knowe Hartshals on the east ende going somewhat shoring downe And right against Hartshals there lyeth a sandie or stonie ground about a quarter of a league from the land whereon some men saye manie ships have
hem voor alle periculen hoeden ende wachten sal Carte Marine de la Belt representant les rivages orientaulx de Juthlande la situation de la Melversonde et Wedersonde auecq toutes les Isles et goulphes seicheresses bancs de sable et lieux dangereux et comment navigant en ces quartiers on se gardera et evitera touz perilz et dangiers CHAPTER IIII. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Belt VVedersond and Melversond and of all the Ilands lying thereabouts I. The situation of Lezou and the Trindle and how you shall sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy FRom Schaghen sand to Lezou the course is s s e. eight leagues The situation of Lesou Lesou is a foule Iland which is round about flat and compassed about with manie banckes sands shooting out At the south ende it is but two fathome deepe above two leagues from the land and from the south ende whereon the church standeth there shooteth a Sand into the Sea two leagues and an half which you may anckor under safe against a s s e. winde Also on the other side of the south ende there shooteth off a sand so that when the aforesaid flat church is east and northeast from you there you cannot see the land when you are within a league of it but you may goe so neare to the north ende that you may lye at anckor under it safe against a south winde at 3 4 and 5 fathome From the north ende also there shooteth off a sand to the Trindle but you may sound it about at three or four fathome through betweene Lesou and the Trindle Trindle The Trindle lyeth northeast or somewhat northerlyer from the northende of Lesou about two great leagues from Schaghen sand southeast and northwest eight leagues It is stonie sand ground about 4 foot deepe and about sixe or seven akers of land great reaching along by the chanel of the Sea On the north side alwaies there lyeth a tonne whereby men may know it a farre off You may sayle well through betweene Lesou and the Trindel and the nearer to the Trindel the deeper water and the nearer to Lesou the flatter shallower Close by the Trindle it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe Zeebuy But to sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy the right course is south and by west 7 leagues When Schaghen lyeth about n. w. and by w. from you and that you are a league from it there it is 17 and 18 fathome deepe and when Schaghen is west and west and by south a league or a league and an half from you there it is 34. or 35 fathome deepe And come no nearer to Schaghen by night then 14 or 15 fathome Now when you wil sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy then you goe by the small Helmes Small Helmes lying south and by west 4 leagues from Schaghen and if you will goe into the Belt then you leave them on starborde going all south and by west to Zeebuy And he that will anckor under the Helmes Rode under the Helmes comming off from Schaghen he must runne to the land at three fathome and runne in betweene the strand the Helmes untill he be within the rockes there you may anckor or goe through at three fathome along by the foot strand and when the rockes of Helmes are east and east and by north from you there is the Rode at four and four fathome and an half The Helmes are three Ilands the southerlyest the Iutters call the Dien or the Dee the middlemost Holmes and the northerlyest the Grasholme and by it there lyeth another litle Iland You may sayle through betweene the southerlyest and the middlemost but nearest to the southerlyest Iland there is betweene them four fathome water The best Rode to lye in for litle ships behinde the Helmes is betweene the middlemost and the southerlyest Iland a litle nearer the ferme land then the Ilands but for great ships the best lying is by the Grasholme Betweene the Holmes and the ferme land in the faire-water it is at the least three fathome deepe When you come on the south ende of the rockes there runneth a Sand off from the Helmes to the strand Sand of the Helmes called Boutferriffe or sand where the great stones lye upon the strand but keeping at three fathome you can doe no hurt upon this sand and you may so goe out againe at the south ende of Zeebuy A league east from Helmes there lyeth a heape of stones which you must beware of when you will goe into the Belt A shippe that goeth not deepe may sayle round about the Helmes for there at the least it is three fathome water In the chanel betweene the Helmes and the north ende of Lesou it is 10 fathome deepe soft ground Depth betweene the Helmes Lesou and before Zeebuy in the rode it is 4 and 5 fathome deepe Lesou lyeth about four leagues from Zeebuy On the west side of Lesou lye the Dwalegrounds which lye north from the aforesaid Sand which shooteth off west into the Sea from the south ende of Lesou whereon the flatte church standeth These Dwalegrounds are verie uneven of 3 4 5 and 6 fathome deepe and within Zeebuy there are also flat grounds of 4 5 and 6 fathome The chanel betweene the Dwalegrounds and the flattes of Zeebuy is seven and eight fathome deepe II. To sayle from Zeebuy to Aelborgh and Stevenshooft To sayle into Aelburgher chanel or haven FRom Zeebuy to Aelburgher chanel the course is south by west 7 leagues On the north side of the chanel there standeth a flat steeple called Hals in the chanel there lyeth a tonne and upon the south land there stand two capes which you must bring one against the other and then you finde the tonne The haven first reacheth in w. and by s about a cables length then you goe n. w. and by w. right up to Hals and goe in by the north side till you be against Hals for from the south point of the land there commeth a Flatte shooting off which you must shunne being against Hals you must then goe s w. by w. to the bocht or hollowe ground and in the crooking you must shunne the north side somewhat then goe northwest and by west againe along to the second crooking then s s w. and then w. s w. to the towne Before in the haven at the tōne it is two fathome deepe and there within a litle while after five or sixe fathome but to sayle into it it is best to take a Pilot. By the south side also there goeth in a chanel of 6 or 8 foot deepe The towne of Aelburgh lyeth four leagues upwards in the River within the land also west along by these Coasts there lye some bancks there you must shunne the land somewhat When you sayle from the Helmes to Stevenshooft through betweene the Dwalegrounds and the Flats of Zeebuy then you finde flat grounds about half waie betweene
Stevenshooft and Zeebuy of 5 6 and 7 fathome This shallowe is called the Sweteringh The Sweteringh lying above two leagues eastward from Aelburgher haven and the chanel there betweene them both is about 10 or 11 fathome deepe From Aelburgher haven to Haselin the course is southeast and by east about twentie leagues From Aelburgher haven to Stevenshooft Stevenshooft the course is s e. and by s about nine leagues There betweene them both the land lyeth in a great Creeke wherein the two townes called Mariacker and Randersen doe lye Mariacker Mariacker lyeth from Aelburgher haven south and south and by west four leagues and from Stevenshooft five leagues Betweene Mariacker Stevenhoofr lyeth the River of Randersen Randersen which runneth crooked about so farre up into the land to the towne of Schandelburgh where the King of Denmarke hath a great fishing and also manie times commeth there to hunt Thus the land and the church of Aelst sheweth two leagues and an half east from Aelburgher haven Aelster church Melver hill III. To sayle from Stevenshooft to the Ilands of Syro Wero and Sampso and forth through the Wedersond to the Melversond FRom Stevenshooft to Haselin the course is e. s e. thirteene leagues and Haselin Haselin without is full of foule Sands and grounds you shall finde further and larger description of Haselin and Anout as also of the foule waies and shallowes lying thereabouts in the tenth Chapter of this Book Right south from Stevenshooft lyeth a litle towne called Oruntbuy there lye the Chalck grounds right before the River of Grimsond in a Creek right about the point of Stevenshooft Oruntbuy Chalk-grounds that is a sand two or three foot water deepe but not farre from it it is 10 fathome deepe you may sound it at 4. fathome You may sayle up the Grimsond Grimsond to Grimsteed which is a lading place of Boeyers From Stevenshooft to Great Helmes Great Helmes the course is s s w. about 7 leagues The land from Stevenshooft to the point of Ebeltud reacheth s s.w seven or eight leagues Ebeltud Ebeltud is a litle towne lying against the Great Helmes inward to the land Betweene the Great Helme Iutland it is 6 and 7 fathome deepe Close by Stevenshooft and the point of Ebeltud it is 8 9 and 10 fathome deepe The great Helme hath two Sands one upon the north side and the other upon the south side From Stevenshooft to Siero Siero the course is s s e. 8 leagues North from Siero lyeth a land-losse ground divided into two Sands Sands of Siero which you must shunne These two Sands in some places lye above the water From the Great Holme to the Iland Wero The Iland Wero the course is n. n. w. and s s e. four leagues and there it is 4 or 5 fathome deepe The situation of Kayholme and Samps From Wero there runneth a shallowe to Kayeholme and about Kayholme and also about the Ilands Samps it is all full of drie grounds and they runne all to the great Iland Sampso From Great Holme to the Iland Sampso Sampso it is s w. and n. e. four leagues Sand of Sampso From the north ende of Sampso there shooteth off a Sand north into the Sea there you may sound close about to come into the Rode of Sampso when you will anckor there there at the Rode it is 10 fathome and under the Swan grounds you lye safe from all windes From the south ende of Ebeltud to Aerhuysen Aerhuysen the course is west and west and by south five leagues there it is all flat water that is 2 and 3 fathome deepe He that will anckor in the Rode before Aerhuysen let him bring the great steeple in the middle betweene the two other speeres there is the best ground and good Rode at 3 4 or 5 fathome so drie as one will South by Aerhuysen the Wedersond Wedersond goeth in between Iutland and Sampso he that will sayle into it must be wel acquainted there with for there it is all full of Sands and shallowes and also by night you can not use the chanel because of the sands and shallowes and by daie also you must looke well about you and spare not your lead but you may anckor and lye at rode there all over When you will sayle through the Wedersond To sayle through Wedersond comming from Great Holme or Ebeltud then leave the Iland Tons Tons and the Swan grounds on baghborde running forth all along by the coast of Iutland at 2 or 3 fathome till you be past Horsens or the Iland of Endelau which Iland of Endelau a man may not goe neare unto on the west side because of all the grounds which lye on the west side thereof Betweene Endelau Endelau and the firme land it is narrowe water stretching from Wedersond south through the Swan grounds Swan-grounds on both sides it is drie it is but a chanel to sayle through When you come off from Melversond will sayle through the Wedersond it is best to runne along by the Iutland side till you be against the River of Horsens there you must then put somewhat off from the land sayle upon the I le of Tons then you goe through betweene the North and South grounds leaving the I le of Tons on starborde When you are past Tons then you must goe out close by the north point of Sampso to the land of Ebeltud it is altogether one course from Horsens to Tons and forth to Sampso and the point of Ebeltud that is altogether northeast and southwest 8 or 9 leagues Frō Horsens or the Iland Endelau to Melversond Melversond the course is s s w. 7 leagues Melversond is a deepe Sond of 20 and 25 fathome and is verie crooked to goe in It goeth in betweene Fuynen and Iutland which are two high lands From the Iland Ebelo to Melversond the course is southwest and southwest and by south five leagues From Sampso Rode to the I le of Ebelo Ebelo the course is s s w. and s w. and by w. five leagues And from the south ende of Sampso to Ebelo the course is s w. and by w. four leagues Frō Sampso to Roems Roems the course is s e. n. w. 5 leagues The northwest Coast of Fuynen reacheth southwest and by west 8 leagues The Iland of Ebelo lyeth a league from it yet you cannot goe through betweene it and Fuynen it lyeth right before Bowens South from the Iland there lyeth a great stone or rock under the water betweene this Rock the Iland lyeth the Rode before Bowens Rode before Bouwens at 8 or 9 fathome IIII. To sayle from Syro and Wero to Langheland and forth about Fuynen to Melversond also along by Zeland to Golversond BEtweene Syro and Wero lyeth a bad sand long broad Haters Sand. reaching further then
half waie to Siero When you will sayle through betweene the two Ilands aforesaid above Russenesse you must leave two third parts of the water lying on Wero side and goe in s s w. and s and by w. to Roems that is nine leagues The said sand is called Haters sand and it is on the east side it is verie hard and stonie and if you come from Boltsack you must runne close by the Iland of Wero to shunne the Sand the chanel betweene the sand and Wero is not to broad but it is three and three fathome and an half deepe He that cōmeth eastward of Wero through betweene Wero and Haters sand and will sayle to Roems let him goe right south by east so he shal rūne about a quarter of a league eastward of Boltsack and fall right east from Roems In like manner he that goeth from Roems or a litle east of it north and by west he falleth betweene Wero and Haters Sand right in the fairewaie One may runne through betweene Roems and Fuynen at two fathome but you cannot goe through there with great ships From the north ende of Fuynen there shooteth off a Sand at least a quarter of a league into the Sea Within Roems in the land of Fuynen there lyeth a litle towne to lade at which is called Cartmond Cartemonde there commonly lye two tonnes in the haven you may sayle in by them the haven goeth in east on the west side it is flat the tonnes lye along by the flats and in sayling up you leave them on starborde this haven is 12 foot deepe From Romps to Spro Spro or Knuytshooft Knuytshooft the course is s by e and s s e. five leagues Betweene Siero and Knuytshooft it is 12 and 13 fathome deepe but betweene Romps and Siero it is 10 or 11 fathome deepe Right south about the point of Knuytshooft in Fuynen lyeth the Haven of Nyburgh Nyburgh when you are about the point then you goe close up to the towne about a league northwestward it is 6 or 7 fathome deepe you lye there with your ship at the Kaye and have anie thing caried aborde that you will From Knuytshooft to Langheland the course is s e. four leagues then you leave Spro on baghborde frō the southeast ende of Spro there shooteth off a Sand which you must shūne At the northende of Langheland lye the Ilands of Frissel Frissel which are verie foule round about From Knuytshooft to the Iland of Tassingh the course is s 4 leagues you must leave Frissel on the left hand and you must runne through betweene Frissel and Fuynen If you will goe to Swinburgh Swin burgh then from Frissel goe to the southeast ende of Fuynen s s w. and you shall come to an Iland where you may goe about on both sides through betweene Tassingh and the Iland or you may runne along by the land of Fuynen till you come to the towne of Swinburgh which lyeth over against the Iland of Tassingh against the point of Fuynen there lyeth an Iland called Olmes Olmes then you must strike up westward You may also goe about on the other side of Tassingh leave the Iland Arr the foule grounds that lye between Arr the southeast ende of Fuynen on baghborde Upon those Grounds it is not above 6 foot deepe And when you come by the Iland of Olmes or the southeast point of Fuynen then as aforesaid you must strike up westward about the point of Fuynen to Woburgh On the south side of these Grounds aforesaid there goeth also a chanel through which goeth west and west and by south betweene the Grounds and the Iland of Arr. In this Iland of Arr there is a towne called Copingh Copingh This foule ground is 2 leagues long the Iland of Arr is also two leagues long both of them reach east west Monke Iland Monke Iland lyeth at the ende of these grounds in Fuynen before Woburgh it hath two Sands the one commeth from the southeast ende and shooteth east into the Sea the other commeth from the north point and reacheth northeast into the Sea But when you sayle north frō these grounds that is betweene Fuynen and these grounds to Woburgh then you goe upon the said I le of Monke and an Iland or two more which you must leave on the left hand and runne all along by the land of Fuynen about w. and w. and by n. to the point of Askens Askens which is about five leagues from the southeast point From the east point of Askens to the Iland Areu and Toreu Areu and Toreu the course is w. and by n. and w. n. w. above 2 leagues These two Ilands lye one over against the other the one on Iutland the other on Fuynen land and you must goe through betweene two Sands which runne one against the other and there it is 4 or 5 fathome deepe North or west frō Areu the chanel of Haddersleu Haddersleu begineth and reacheth in about w. and by s upon it lyeth the towne of Haddersleu which is above two leagues within the land From Areu or Toreu to Melversond the course is n. n. w. 5 leagues which you goe into southward first you goe westward in to the chanel of Coldinghen Coldinghen which is a wide chanel which goeth about a league into the land when you will goe through Melversond then you leave it on the left hand and goe up eastward to the towne of Melver To sayle through Melversond where you come againe into the crooked Melversond goeth out northward with a great crooking and then you must goe out againe into the broad water north from Fuynen as I taught you before You may also sayle out from Areu or Aelsche chanel s s w. to Apenrade Apenrade and so behinde about the Iland of Aelsens till you come into the chanel of Flensburgh To turne againe to the Belt it is from Rosnes Rosnes n. n. w. going west from Syro From Rosnes shooteth a Sand off to seaward but a litle east from Rosnes that is from the point which lyeth half waie at Haselin there reacheth a Sand off above a league an half into the Sea that lyeth at the ende quite drie you may boldly runne about close by the drie for not farre from it it is eight fathome deepe From Rosnes to Spro south and north 8 or 9 leagues Betweene Rosnes and Spro lyeth Callenburgh Callenburgh in Zeland which also is a lading place and about two leagues south from Callenburgh shooteth a flatte along the Coast about three quarters of a league from the strand of five fathome deepe From the east ende of Spro shooteth a stonie banck off and over against it commeth a Flat shooting off from the land there betweene them it is 4 and 5 fathome deepe But behinde or against Spro lyeth Cassuer Cassuer a faire
faire By Nex there shooteth off a Sand from the land which on both sides is shoring but at tenne fathome you can not miscarie there lyeth also a rock north from Nex If you will anckor before Nex you must set the flat steeple which standeth above Nex betweene west and west by south from you and let the north point be north and by west and the south point southsouthwest from you there it is about two-and twentie fathome deepe and it is there faire sand-ground for in manie places it is nothing but stonie and gravelie ground there you lye safe against a southwest winde From the southeast point of Borneholme to Ertholmes Eertsholmes it is north and by east five leagues but from the northwest point to Ertholmes it is eastnortheast four leagues In the Ertholmes it is a faire haven but because it is not used it is unknowne Thus Borneholme sheweth when you come out of the west When Eertsholmes is northnortheast from you it sheweth thus When Eertsholme is east from you it sheweth thus VII At what reaching and distance these places aforesaid are distant each from other FRom the North ende of Langheland to the South ende the course is south 8 leagues From the South ende of Langheland to Femeren southeast and by east 7 or 8 leagues From Femeren to Gester sand e. and by n. 9 leagues From Gester sand to Meun n. n. e. 8 leagues From Gester to Meun northeast 7 leagues From Meun to Steden northwest and by north 4 leagues From Meun to Falsterboen n. and by e. 5 leagues From the Iland of Areu to the Roen e. and by s 3 leagues From Roen to Arr or Copingh s e. and by e. 5 leagues From Arr to the south ende of Langheland southeast by east and somewhat easterlyer 4 leagues From Areu to Apenrade s s w. 5 leagues From the River of Apenrade to the Strait of Sonderborgh east more then 2 leagues From Sonderburgh to the Sleye s e. and by e. 4 leagues From the Sley to the Kiel southeast 4 leagues From Kiel to Femeren east and by north 8 leagues From Femeren to the Trave of Lubeck s s w. 9 or 10 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Wismer haven first northeast and by north and then eastnortheast 9 leagues From Rostock to Robbenesse northeast 5 leagues From Robbenesse to Thornebush n. e. and by e. 7 leagues From Thornebush to Witmont n. e. and by e. 4 leagues From Witmont to Iasmont eastsoutheast 2 leagues From Iasmont to the Peert s s e. 3 leagues From Iasmont to Camin eastsoutheast 19 leagues From the Poolsche sand on the Iland of Aelst to Femeren eastsoutheast 13 or 14 leagues From Femeren to Wismar deepe south and by east 7 leagues From Femeren to Rostock e. s e. 8 or 9 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Gestir sand the course is northeast and southwest about 19 leagues From Wismar to Gestir sand n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues From Rostock to Gestir sand north 7 or 8 leagues From Gestir sand to Dornebosch east 9 leagues From Dornebosch to Meun northwest 9 leagues From Dornebusch to Bornholme northeast and northeast and by east 16 leagues From Witmond to Borneholme northeast 13 leagues From the Newe deepe to Borneholme north and by east 16 or 17 leagues From Meun to Borneholme east 19 leagues From Steden to the north ende of Borneholme is the course east and by north 20 leagues From Valsterboen or from the sand north from Borneholme about the course is east and by north 19 leagues From Valsterbon or from the sand south from Borneholme a-about the course is east and by south 21 leagues From Valsterbon to Iasmont southeast 16 or 17 leagues How all the rest of the points and Ilands in the east Sea are distant from Borneholme that shall you finde described in the next Chapter following Heere followeth the Carde N. 25. CHAPTER VI. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Pomerland and Prusia from Colberghen to Memle I. The situation betweene Colberghen and Righshooft .. THe Newe deepe and Colberghen as I said in the former Chapter lye distant east and north and eastnortheast sixteene or seventeene leagues You must sayle into the Haven of Colberghen Colberghen betweene two Heads close before the towne Within the River of Colberghen right over against the towne there lyeth a Pit or Well which yeeldeth salt to all the Countreyes there abouts but they must seeth it yet the water of the River is as fresh as milk for it is an out-water The Coast of Pomerland reacheth from Colberghen to Garshooft Garshooft northeast and by north about thirteene leagues but betweene them both there lye two Havens called Coslyn and Ruwold The haven of Coslyn lyeth distant from Colberghen northeast four leagues And from Coslyn Coslyn to Ruwold the course is northnortheast five leagues In Ruwold Ruwold Haven or in the River called Wipper a good shippe may well goe in for there come manie Craers out From Ruwold to Garshooft it is northnortheast four leagues The land from Garshooft to Righshooft reacheth eastnortheast nineteene or twentie leagues betweene them there lye the Havens of Stolp Lyba and Sernevises Right east from Garshooft lyeth Stolp Stolp haven which is a River called by the name of the towne which runneth unto the said towne it is a River for small shippes although some reasonable great shippes lade there From Garshooft to Reefcole it is all white strand lying distant east four leagues Reefcol is a high round Hill whereby you knowe the land when you goe from Borneholme From Reefcol to Lyba it is seven leagues Lyba lyeth upon a great River called the Osse From Lyba Lyba to Sernevisse or Sernesse it is five leagues Betweene them both there lye the three Wolsackes Wolsackes which are three black stumpes of trees by the which this Land is well knowne and right east from those three hillockes there lyeth a long Hill which when you come out of the west and are at the west ende of it sheweth as if it were divided into three or four hillocks After that followeth the high land of Righshooft which is verie shoring on the water side Betweene Righshooft and Reefcol it is a white strand and for the most part full of trees Sernesse or Sernevisse Sernevisse is a towne lying upon an out-water which with a River ruÌ„neth into the Sea but within it divideth it self into a great water From Sernevesse to Righshooft it is four leagues You may sound about Righshooft Righshooft sufficiently at fiveteene or twentie fathome You may also anckor under Righshooft for there it is better ground then under Heel All Pomerland along by the Sea-coast sheweth black with trees that stand upon it Thus the land of Pomerland sheweth betweene Colsberghen and the Stolp when you sayle along by it two leagues from the land Pascaâ—â—van een deel der Oost â—â—sschen
Bornholm ende â—â—emel vertonende de ware â—â—theijt der Zeecusten van Prâ— Cassouben ende Pomeren â—sgaders de monden der Riâ— Havenen ende ReedeÌ„ aende â—eeven Custen gelegheÌ„ Hoemeâ—â—selve allo beseijlen enÌ„ hâ—â—r alle Reven SandeÌ„ â—cken Drooch ten enÌ„ peâ—eÌ„ daer ontrent hoedeÌ„ sal Carte Marine aune partie de la Mer de Germanie entre Bornholm et Memel representant la vraije situation des costes de Mer de la Prussie Cassoubie et Pomere Emsemble les embonchures des Rivieres Ports et Rades dicelles costes comment on les marinera et se gardera des bancs de sable improsonditez et lieux dangereux environ lesdictes places Thus the land sheweth betweene Reefcol and Righshooft when you sayle along about three leagues from the land Righshooft Wolsackes Reefcol II. To sayle from Righshooft to Dansick FRom Righshooft to Heel the course is southeast eight or nine leagues when you come neare Heel Heel then you are presently deepe thirtie fathome and the Coast of Heel close by the land is 24 and 30 fathome You may anckor under Heel at sixteene twentie fathome close by the land there it is a verie sloping ground when you are a litle from the land then you finde no ground for without the land you have no ground at fortie fathome Rode under Heel A league north from Heel there runneth a flat off from the land whereof you must take heede When you will anckor before Heel you may anckor on both sides of Heel but on the inner side it is soft ground From Heel to Dansick before the Wissel the course is south and by west five leagues If you will anckor before Wysel To anckor before Wisel then anckor west from the Kisten or the West head at teÌ„ne or twelve fathome But to sayle into the Wesel To sayle into the Wesel or the Haven of Danske then take heede to the two mastes whereon there stand two barrels which stand upon the Kisten or the West head place them one against the other and sayle up upon them and goe in betweene the two Heads but when you are within Termunde then chuse the east side for the west side is flatte and when you come before Botesmans flat then goe on Groenswoort side and there make your shippe fast with four cables or ropes Wesel chanel was wonte to runne in by the east side but that is wholly stopt and spoyled Thus the land sheweth betweene Righshooft and Heel Heel Vernoorde Acxternes Righshooft III. To sayle to Conincxberghen and Memle FRom Wesel to Conincxberghen Haven the course is eastnortheast and northeast and by east thirteene leagues but from Righshooft to Conincxberghen haven it is east and by south seventeene or eighteene leagues and from Heel it is distant thirteene leagues east and west It is altogether faire white strand To sayle into Conincxberghen haven and on both sides of the Haven there stand drie trees as if they were burnt and on the west side there stand two beacons which you must place one against the other and sayling up upon them then you finde the tonnes the tonnes lye on both sides of the chanel and you must sayle in betweene the tonnes untill you come within the Ketle there you may lye in the winde at three and four fathome then you come into a great Haf or Haven which goeth up eastward to Conincxberghen and southeast to Melvin Melvin and Brunsberghen Brunsberghen The two Havens aforesaid of Danske and Conincksberghen commonly alter everie yeere by meanes of the streames of the out-waters and the great force of the flackes of yce so that I can not well write of the stretching of them of anie certaintie but the Governours of the land have great care thereof so that they cause them to be continually well marked and beaconed Four leagues north and north and by west from Coninksberghen lyeth the point of Loocsteede Lockstede or Brusteroort There standeth a castle with a church by it not farre from each other and there also there are two high hillocks and there it is all full of trees If you will anckor before Conincxberghen chanel or haven you must place the point of Lockstede north and by east from you and there it will be eight or nine fathome deepe From the point of Lookstede to the haven of Memle The Memle n. n. e. 16 or 17 leagues there betweene them both it is altogether a faire strand there the land lyeth in a great bought or creeke The haven of Memle reacheth in n. e. and n. e. and by e. and it is two fathome deepe being within it you goe into a great haven or water and westward up about the point you may anckor where you will Thus the land sheweth betweene Conincxberghen deepe and Locke stede Lockestede Hankeheer IIII. Of the Depths and shallowes lying in these Chanels SWin lyeth about south from Borneholme and in the chanel betweene them both when you may see Borneholme it is 26 fathome deepe and when you may plainly see the Swyn there it is 7 and 8 fathome deepe but when you cannot discerne the land it is 12 or 13 fathome deepe for there along by the Pomersche coast it is al flat that most betweene Newe deepe and Garshooft but towards Reefcol Ryshooft and Heel it is 20 and 22 and 25 fathome deepe by the Coast About 7 or 8 leagues southwest and by south from Borneholme there lyeth a banck which is no deeper then five fathome This banck reacheth northwest and southeast and in this haven there lye more bancks some of 6 7 8 9 and also 10 11 12 and 13 fathome From Colsberghen to Garshooft it is altogether an even and flatte strand without bankes In the chanel betweene Borneholme and Reefcol it is 27 28 fathome deepe About four leagues from the land northwest from Reefcol there lyeth a banck of nine fathome and if you use your lead til you come to Righshooft you shall then finde more bankes then are spoken of here When Righshooft is s s w. from you about a league there it is 30 fathome deepe and there it is altogether uneven and bankie and the ground is white great sand When Righshooft is west from you there it is 16 fathome deepe and the ground is white sand When Righshooft lyeth southeast from you then you have 28 fathome deepe with redde stonie ground as if it were bankie sand Betweene Heel and Righshooft but nearest to Heel there it is 33 fathome deepe and there the ground is white sand At Heel in the Rode it is 25 fathome deepe the ground is verie sloping to 30 and 40 fathome it is black sand Betweene Heel and Conincxberghen it is verie deepe comming against Heel it is shoring but to Conincxberghen and the Nerungh it goeth naturally and flat up Betweene Lockestede and Sevenberghen in Coerland it is all flat rising ground and there you may see the land at 30
and 32 fathome V. How these Lands and Places in their reaches and distances are situate from each other FRom Camin to Colsberghen the course is northeast and by east 4 legues From Colsberghen to Castlyn northeast 4 leagues From Caslyn to Ruwold n. n. e. 5 leagues From Ruwold to Garshooft n. n. e. 4 leagues From Garshooft to Reefcol n. e. and by e. 4 leagues From Reefcol to Liba e. n. e. 7 leagues From Liba to Sernevisse e. n. e. 5 leagues From Sernevisse to Righshooft eastnortheast 4 leagues From Righshooft to Axternes southeast 4 leagues From Axternes to Vernorden southeast more then a league From Vernorden to Heel n. n. w. and s s e. above a league From Heel to Danske s and by w. 5 leagues From the Heads of Danske to Conincxberghen haven e. n. e. and n. e. and by e. 13 leagues From Conincxberghen haven to Lockstede north and north by west 4 leagues From Lockstede to Memle n. n. e. 16 or 17 leagues From Colsberghen to Garshooft n. e. and by n. 13 leagues From Reefcol to Righshooft e. n. e. 16 leagues From Righshooft to Conincxberghen haven east and by south 17 leagues From Righshooft to Memle northeast by east 29 leagues From the south ende of Borneholme to the Swin s 13 leagues From the south ende of Borneholme to Colsberghen southeast 16 leagues From the south ende of Bornholme to Reefcol east by north 24 leagues And when you leese the sight of Borneholme then you see Reefcol againe within an houre after From the northende of Borneholme or from Ertholmes to Righshooft east and east and by north 40 leagues From the northende of Borneholme or from the Ertholmes to Memle e. by n. and somewhat northerlyer 65 leagues VI. How these Points and Places are distant from other Lands FRom the northende of Borneholme to Utstede northwest 8 leagues From Borneholme to Hanno n. and by w. 12 leagues From Borneholme to the Der-clippen or Uyt-clippen northnortheast 19 leagues From the east or south ende of Borneholme to the south ende of Oeland northnortheast 26 leagues From the west or north ende of Borneholme to the Southnoorden or the south ende of Oeland northeast and by north 25 leagues From Borneholme to Houghburgh or the south ende of Gotland the course is n. e. somewhat northerlyer 50 leagues From Borneholme to Ostergarde northeast or somewhat northerlyer 61 or 63 leagues From Borneholme to Winda is the course northeast by east and somewhat easterlyer 80 or 82 leagues From Garshooft to Calmersond north and by west 32 leagues From Righshooft to Hanno west and by north or somewhat northerlyer about 38 or 40 leagues From Righshooft to the south ende of Oeland the course is northwest 33 leagues From Righshooft to Houburgh the south ende of Gotland north and by west 34 leagues From Righshooft to Ostergarde is the course north and south 45 leagues From Righshooft to Dagheroort n. n. e. 80 leagues From Righshooft to Derwinda the course is northeast and by north 54 leagues From Righshooft to Sevenberghen northeast 33 leagues From Conincxberghen deepe to Southernoorden or the south ende of Oeland n. w. by w. and w. n. w. 50 leagues From Conincxberghen haven to Houburgh or the south ende of Gotland northwest and by north 48 leagues From Memle to Houburgh is the course w. n. w. 37 leagues Here followeth the Carde N 26. CHAPTER VII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts and Ilands of Lyfland which lye betweene Memle and Revle I. The situation of Memle to Domesnes FRom Memle to Sevenberghen the land reacheth northnorthwest 11 leagues but three leagues south from Sevenberghen lyeth Helighawe or Heligher Rou Heligher Rou. which is a place where you lade all kinde of wares Four leagues north from Sevenberghen lyeth the River of Ter Liba This River is sixe foot deepe goeth farre up into the land but within you come to a great water Terliba Terliba is also a lading place where you lade all kinde of Coerland Ware From Olma or Terliba to Backovens Bacovens the course is north and by east seven or eight leagues next to Domesnes it is the best land to be knowne in all Coerland it is certaine hillocks or downes with trees which showe out above the rest of the land About three leagues south from Backovens there lyeth an out-point called Steensoort Steensort which is flatte like Luseroort but it is stonie ground And this Steens-oort lyeth about four or five leagues south from Derwinda Derwinda The coast of Cóerland from Sevenberghen to Derwinda reacheth north and by east fifteene or sixteene leagues At Derwinda there standeth a castle with two or three steeples whereby it is well knowne About seven leagues west and by north from Derwinda lyeth a banck upon which there is no more water then five fathome it is about half a league broad and groweth deeper on both sides easily but how far it stretcheth northward or southward is unknowne to me From Derwinda to Luseroort Luseroort it is northeast and by north four leagues Luseroort is an outpoint but when you are against it then the land seemeth all to have one reach but when you are a league or two on the east side thereof then you see it to be an outpoint Against Luseroort it is all flatte water three leagues into the Sea The land of Luseroort to Domesnes reacheth northeast and by east and somewhat easterlyer about twelve leagues From the south ende of Oesel called Swalueroort Swalueroort there shooteth off a Sand south and by west at least two leagues into the Sea betweene Domesnes and Luseroort but nearest to Luseroort and shooteth to the flatte of Luseroort it is a bad Sand verie hard and broad at some places it is drie Oesle sand and four fathome deepe and in some places shallower as you are distant from the point of Oesel for at some places about Oesel it is drie and againe at some places two two and an half and three fathome deepe To conclude it is hard and verie uneven and a man must there be verie carefull of it West from that Sand there lye also manie Dwale-grounds which reach north about the coast of Oesel which in some places are no deeper then two three four and five fathome If you wil goe to Ryge and comming out of the Sea fall upon Derwinda you must not leave the coast of Coerland To avoid Oesle sand but you must runne about the flatte of Luseroort at five fathome or somewhat lesse that you may not sayle without the Sand of Oesel The chanel betweene the flatte of Luseroort the Sand of Oesel is not above eight or nine fathome deepe but cōmonly you have seven fathome then you goe just about this flatte The ground heere against Luseroort in some places is verie uneven sometimes sixe sometimes eight and nine fathome at one cast of the lead you shall have two or three
fathome lesse or more then at another time and that not verie farre from the land but you neede not feare it for as I said before you may goe nere the land at four or five fathome without feare Afbeeldinghe der Zeecusten van Coerlant enÌ„ Lijflant niet alle de eijlanden enÌ„ Jnwijcken tusschen der Memel enÌ„ Revel aende selve custen geleghen Vertoonende hoemeÌ„ in 't beseijlen der sclver landen alle ondiepten Reven bancken dwaelgronden enÌ„ periculeuse plaetsen daer aen enÌ„ omme gâ—leghen bequamelijck sal moghen mijdeÌ„ enÌ„ wijckeÌ„ Pourtraicture des Rivages de Mer de Courlande et Lijflande avecq toutes les Jsles et Goulphes entre Memel et Revel a ladicte coste gisantes MonstraÌ„t comment singlant le long a icelles costes on pourra eviter et se garder des improfonditez bancs a sable fonds abusifs et lieux dangereux gisants environ ladicts endroitz Thus the Coast of Coerland sheweth it self about Sevenberghen when you sayle along by it being a league from it Thus the Coast of Coreland sheweth from Domesnes to Derwinda and the Backovens to Sevenberghen Domesnes Luseroort Derwinda Backovens Towards Sevenberghen When you sayle about Domesnes then the land of Oesel sheweth thus II. To sayle from Domesnes to Ryghe and Parmout FRom the point of Domesnes there shooteth off a Sand eastnortheast and northeast and by east a league into the Sea Sand of Domesnes From Domesnes to Rye the coast reacheth first from Domdanghen southeast four leagues From thence to Voorwalen also southeast five leagues and all southeast to Tucken From Tucken it reacheth first east then eastnortheast and northeast to the downe or the River of Rye From Vorewalen to Dunemond it is east and by south twelve leagues and there the land betweene both falleth into a great Creeke From Domesnes to Dunemond or the haven of Ryghe the course is southeast and by east one-and-twentie leagues And from Domesnes to the Iland Ruynen The Iland Ruynen the course is east and by north eight leagues You may sound the Iland of Ruynen round about at seven and sixe fathome yet on the eastsoutheast side it runneth flatte a good waie off along the whole west side or southwest side it is all foule sharp stonie ground come no nearer the shore there then sixe fathome for at such depth you shall sometime sound five sixe and seven fathome Neyther is there anie good lying there but on the east side as you come about the southeast corner there is a litle Baye or Creeke neere whereto stand certaine small howses which may be seene as you come neere the shore there about is it good lying against west windes at five or sixe fathome faire sand ground but when the winde blowes hard it wil ravle there otherwise round about it is sharp ground but some saye that on the south side it is faire ground From Ruynen to Dunemond the course is southeast sixteene leagues If you will anckor before the haven of Duyn To anckor before the Haven of Ry. then anckor at thirteene fathome south or north from the Haven where you will Betweene Ruynen and Dunemond in the chanel it is 23 and 24 fathome deepe To sayle into the haven of Ryge then set the towne of Ryge south and by east To sayle into the River of Righe or southsoutheast from you and sayle up upon it so long untill that the Poolsche castle standeth eastsoutheast from you then the houses of Dunemond will be southeast from you then you shall see a great tree set that right north from the said houses that is where the castle of Dunemond stood for the castle of Dunemond is broken downe by them of Ryghe while Duke Charles of Sweathland laye there abouts with his shipps but to knowe this tree you shall understand that there right north there standeth a drie tree whereby you may easily knowe it now when you have the markes aforesaid of the great tree and the houses one against the other as I said before then you are right before the haven of the Duyn keepe them standing so and sayle right up upon them and you shall finde the right chanel it is about three fathome and an half deepe at the entrie you must also coÌ„ming north or south sound the land and runne along by it at three or four fathome till the said markes of the houses and the tree are against each other and so runne in upon them as I said before The land on both sides within the haven is flat but when you are over the entrie then it is deeper and the west side shoring or steepe but the east side is flatte and so runneth farre out then goe boldly close by the west side till you be before Boldra but comming against it you must put somewhat off from the land for south from Boldra there commeth a Sand shooting off which in sayling up you may sayle under this is Pilots water as well in going up as in comming downe for in such rivers as have great streames the shallowes alter and change manie times not onely by reason of the dayly streames but also of the running of great waters so that it is not certaine to trust to such description as men may make thereof which everie man must thinke on Thus Ruynen sheweth when you sayle by it Thus the land sheweth east from the haven of Ryghe From the Haven of Ry to Parnout Parnout the course is north and by east twentie leagues About half waie betweene them both eleven leagues from Righe and nine leagues from Parnout there lyeth a towne called Lemsale or Sales Lemsale or Sales there lyeth a banke before the haven you may goe behinde it behinde it it is three fathome deepe you may goe about it on both sides there goeth a chanel into Sales of eight foot deepe From Ruynen to the Iland Kyn the course is eastnortheast eleven leagues Kyn and Sales lye distant northwest and southeast it is a lowe Iland about three leagues long and hath most part all foule ground From Kyn to Manno and Sorcholme Manno Sorcholme all to Parnout the course is northeast and by north eight leagues Betweene Kyn and the coast of Lyfland it is wide four leagues and the right deepe there betweene them both is eight or nine fathome Against Manno and Sorcholme it is five and sixe fathome deepe and the coast of Coerland is there altogether a faire strand Parnout lyeth there in a great Creeke and before Parnout it is three and four fathome deepe Rode before Parnout If you will anckor before Parnout place the steeple of Parnout northnortheast from you there is the best Rode The Iland Kyn and the haven of Righelye distant south and north thirteene or fourteene leagues III. The situation of the East-coast of Oesle ABout two leagues and an half northwest from Domesnes is the Rode of Oesle Rode of Oesle when the church
of Oesel is west and by north half a league from you and the point of Oesle whereon the houses stand west there is the best Rode at seven fathome soft ground there you lye safe against a westsouthwest winde all along by Oesle it is flatte ground of three four and five fathome Five leagues northward from Domesnes lyeth the Iland Abrick Abrick which lyeth distant from Ruynen northwest and by west and southeast and by east seven or eight leagues and there betweene them both it is almost full of Dwalegrounds of three four five sixe fathome but they lye nearest to Abrick Abrick is a foule Iland with stonie ground and manie Dwalegrounds it lyeth within a league and an half of Oesle From Abrick to Arensbergh Arensbergh in Oesle the course is north and by west four or five leagues it is a lading place for barley and fatte wares From the south ende of Oesle to Arensbergh through within Abrick it is northnortheast eleven leagues From Abrick to the north ende or northeast ende of Oesle the course is northeast and somewhat norrtherlyer tenne or eleven leagues but from Ruynen to the aforesaid point of Oesle it is north 13 leagues If you will sayle from Abrick or from Ruynen about the northeast point of Oesle you must take good heede of the Paternosters Paternosters which is a Sand a league from the said point reaching into the Sea From the northeast point of Oesle to Parnout the coast of Lyfland reacheth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest The Iland Abrick lying a league from Oesle IIII. The situation of the West-coast of Oesle and of Dageroort FRom the south ende of Oesle as I said before there shooteth off a great Sand south and by west into the Sea almost three leagues From Swalueroort or the south ende of Oesle to Hondsoort Hondsoort the course is northnorthwest and north and by west sixteene leagues Betweene them both lye two lading places called Wycke and Reecke Wyke and Reeke this coast of Oesle is verie uneuen and foule ground and about the south ende there lye manie Dwalegrounds of three or four fathome which are verie hard From Hondsoort to the point of Dageroort the course is northnorthwest eight leagues Upon Dageroort Dageroort there standeth a high steeple or towre which they of Revle built there to knowe the land by it and betweene Hondsoort Dageroort there is a great Creeke for there goeth also a water betweene Dageroort and Oesle but is verie flatte and drie so that no shippes can goe through it Such shippes as mistake Swalueroort or Oesle manie times are at their wittes endes in this Creeke for there is no manner of thing to knowe the land by and there it is all sharpe ground but when you come against the land of Dageroort when you are in this creeke then you see the said towre of Dageroort over the land whereby men then knowe it Under the point of Dageroort there is faire Sandground and verie good anckoring against the north and northeast windes You may runne about the point of Dageroort at seven or eight fathome and north from the point it is also good lying From Dageroort to Sibrichsnes Sybrighsnes the land reacheth northeast about seven leagues Betweene them both that is three leagues from Dageroort and four leagues from Sibrichsnes there reacheth a Sand crosse from the land northwest into the Sea sixe or seven leagues and it is a flat sloping land going to the Scharen first it is of three four five sixe and seven fathome and then it is sometimes deeper to the Finsche Scharen Sybrichsnes is an out-point that hath two pointes from either of which shooteth off a Riffe or Sand but betweene the two Sands there is good Rode faire flatte ground and good sand-ground there you may anckor as neere the shore as you will at sixe five or four fathome but a litle west from the westerlyest point of Sybrichsnes not farre from the land there lyeth a shallowe about as great as a shippe where it is no deeper then twelve foot water From Sibrighsnes to Oetgensholme the course is eastnortheast seven leagues Betweene them both the Meunsond goeth in South from Oetgensholme there goeth a great Creeke into the land whereon there lyeth an Iland and above the Iland there lyeth a towne called Hapsale Hapsale you may anckor there where you will On the south side of this Creeke there runneth a great Sand or Stone-shelfe somewhat more then a league into the Sea which is verie broade Sand of Hapsale there you may goe in by it to Meunsond Thus the land of Dageroort sheweth to Sybrichsnes Sybrichnes Dageroort V. To sayle into the Meunsond behinde or north about from Oesle to the Creeke of Ryghe FRom Sibrighsnes to Osseholme Grasholmes Grasholm the course is s e. four or five leagues The Grasholms are two greene Ilands and Osseholme Osseholm lyeth about a league west from Grasholmes where you may sayle round about and also ankor but about a league north and north and by east from Osseholme there lyeth a landlose-Landlose-ground which you must shunne which is called the West Grasseground for there are two shallowes which are called the Grasgrounds Grasgrounds the other Grasground which is called the Easterly lyeth over against Grasholme to the Sand of Hapsale having no more then four or five foot water if you will sayle into Meunsond you must be verie carefull to shunne it If you will sayle through Meunsond To sayle into Meunsond from Oetgens you must goe southsouthwest to Grasholme and there sayle in close by it to shunne the Grasground which there lyeth eastward over against it From Grasholme to the point of Oesle whereon the great tree standeth the course is southsoutheast seven leagues From Grasholme to Oesle there lye four Ilands each about a league from the other When you sayle from Grasholme to Oesle then you sayle along by these Ilands leaving them about two or three cables length on starborde till you come to the land of Oesle right over against the great tree in that chanel it is five fathome deepe When you sayle in this manner and come before the Grasground then on baghborde you finde an Iland and against it the haven or chanel goeth in to the castle of Meunsond Meunsond castle at three fathome and then it is somewhat flatter for there it is full of Sands South or west from the said Iland there goeth in a chanel which you may sayle through to Oesle and then you leave the two Ilands on the south ende of Oesle on starborde But the right and best chanel goeth from the aforesaid great tree along by the land of Oesle which is three or four fathome deepe and at last it is sixe fathome seven and eight fathome deepe againe and sayling along by it then you leave the two aforesaid Ilands by the ende of Oesle on baghborde From the great Tree to
31 or 32 leagues From Luseroort to Houburgh west and by south and somewhat southerlyer 40 leagues From Luseroort to the point of Alant or the Ilands northnorthwest 59 leagues From Dageroort to Ostergarde southwest and southwest and by south 37 leagues From Dageroort to Righshooft southsouthwest 80 leagues From Dageroort to Goetsche Sand southwest and by west 27 leagues From Dageroort to Boechschaer west and by north 21 leagues From Dageroort to the point of Aland or the Ilands northwest 24 leagues From Dageroort to the haven of Abbo or Wtoy northwest by north 20 leagues From Sibrighsnes to the haven of Abbo or Wtoy northwest 20 leagues From Oetgesholme to the haven of Abbo northwest and by west 27 leagues Heere followeth the Carde N. 27. Beschijvinghe vande wonderlijcke gebroocken custe van Oost-Vinlant Jtem vande noordelijcste deelen van Lijflant ende de custen van Ruslant aen't uijterste vande Ooster 〈◊〉 geleghen Hoemen alle plaetsen aldaer beseijlen enÌ„ alle sorchelijcke clippen viiijlen enÌ„ ondiepten schouwen sal Description de ládmirable et entrerompue eoste d' Oost finlande Jtem des parties Septentrionales de Lijflande et des costes de Russie situez a la mer de Finlande monstrant comme en navigant lelong desdictes costes on ij evitera tous escueils et lieux perilleux CHAPTER VIII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Lyfland Russia and Finland from Revle to the Narve and Wyborgh and from thence to Alants Haf I. The situation betweene Revle and the Narve IN the former Chapter it is shewed how you shall sayle from Nargen to Revle before the towne and also to the Iland of Wolf From the Wolf to the Iland of Wranger I le of Wranger the course is east and by south but going outward about it is east and by north seven or eight leagues Under Wranger there is good Rode and good anckoring on both sides and all over good anckor ground But on the southside from Wranger lyeth a long small Iland which is rockie and foule Northwest and northwest and by north about a league from Wranger lyeth a rocke and about two leagues from Wranger lyeth also another litle Iland From Wranger to the Eecholmes Eckholme it is east and east and by north thirteene leagues Betweene them both lyeth a foule point upon the Coast of Lyfland which you must shunne for there lye manie Rockes off from it otherwise all the Coast of Lyfland is verie faire all along to the River of Narve Betweene this foule point aforesaid and the Iland of Eeckholme there is a faire Creeke upon the Coast of Lyfland Rode unner Lyfland where you may anckor safely against a southeast winde The Eckholmes also are faire round about and under them it is good rode From the Eckholmes to Telsborgh it is east and west sixe or seven leagues Northward from Telsborch Telsborch in this chanel there lye verie bad grounds and rockes Hooften or Huften called the Hoften which round about them have verie foule and bad shallowes which you must shunne but the Eckholmes as also the coast of Lyfland are faire you may sayle within half a league along by the coast of Lyfland and leave these shallowes and shelfes on the left hand From Telsborch to the Narve in the Rode it is east and by south sixteene leagues To sayle to the Narve north froÌ„ the Hufâ—â— To sayle from Wranger north from the Hoften to the Narve the course from Wranger to Highland is eastnortheast and east and by north three-and-twentie leagues From the Great Hooften there commeth a shallowe shooting off westnorthwest into the Sea which is at least two leagues long which is called the Chalcke grounds Chalke grounds you must take heede of it The Small Hooften Small Hoften also are full of Sands and Rockes so that you can hardly sayle through them for those foule Sands and Shallowes runne all from the Tutters Tutters along Lyfland nere the east ende of Eckholme Tutters lye from High land southsoutheast two leagues distant and northwest and by west from Highland about four leagues from the land there lyeth a Rock under the water which is no deeper then two fathome From Highland to the Rode of the Narve The Rode of the Narve the course is southeast thirteene leagues and then you must goe through betweene Highland and Tutters and likewise when you sayle from the Rode of the Narve northwestward then you goe through betweene Tutters and Highland To sayle into the Narve If you will goe into the Narve you must place the woodeÌ„ towre with the mast right upon Narve castle and so goe into the haven The land of the Narve is knowne by the round hilles which lye on the south side of the Rode Thus Eckholme sheweth when you sayle along by it Thus Thusten sheweth southwest and by west from Highland Thus the Iland of Highland sheweth Thus the land east from Narve sheweth when you come from the Highland II. To sayle from Wranger and also from the Narve to Wybergh ABout two leagues north from Wranger lyeth a litle Iland full north from that Iland toward Highland is the course somewhat more easterly then eastnortheast three-and-twentie leagues then you runne full north Highland Highland is about three leagues long and hardly a league broad it lyeth in length southsoutheast and northnorthwest to them that come out of the west it sheweth with three hillocks on the north and east side it is full of trees On the east side a litle about the north point is there a litle Creeke by a boores or husbandmans house there is faire ground and good lying against west windes A certaine space southward from thence not farre from the shore lyeth a great stone above the water On the north ende also on the west side to the southwest point it is wholly faire ground and good lying From Highland to the Sommers that is a litle Iland the course is east and by north seven leagues A litle east from the Iland Sommers SoÌ„mers there lye certaine rockes above the water but you may safely sayle through betwixt the rockes and the Iland From Sommers to the Goeschare or which is all one thing the great Fisher Goeschare or the great Fisher is the course ful northeast distant seven leagues The great Fisher is a lowe Iland consisting of seven rockes joyned together therefore it is also called the Seven-rockes and when you first descrie it it appeareth with four hillocks as if it were four lowe Ilands From the great Fisher to the litle Fisher The litle Fisher. is the course northeast by east distant four small leagues Round about both the Fishers you may seeke and finde Rode for both of them are verie faire but that on the south side of the great Fisher there lyeth a blinde rocke about a peeces shotte from the shore when the water is not wholly calme but
that the weather is something rough you may easily see the waves breake thereon About a peeces shotte southeast or southeast and by east from the litle Fisher there lyeth a Rock even above the water as if it were a Seales head the cōmon chanel is there betweene both From the litle Fisher to Corssenes is the course eastnortheast and somewhat more easterly a league upon the point of Corsnes Corsnes lyeth a stone as if it were a Iol you must sayle about it at four fathome and an half West from Corsnes lye two Ilands close by the land but eastward from the point you may anckor against westerly windes at five or sixe fathome About two leagues crosse from Corsnes there are manie rockss that lye under the water some at a fathome some at half a fathome some more some lesse you cannot venture out of the chanel but with verie great daunger It is not possible to describe the right situation of all the grounds are there so uneven and craggie so full of rocks and craggie shallowes that it is to be wondred at From Corsnes to the Roohel Rohel the course is northeast and by north about three leagues You must leave the Iland of Rohel on starborde and sayle close by it or in the middle of the water but not close by the north point which our saylers call Iohn Lambertsons point for there shooteth off a stonie point which is shoring notwithstanding you may sayle about there safely by the plummet at seven or eight fathome but come no nearer In the right chanel betwixt both it is 14 and 15 fathome deepe When you come within the Roodehel you may anckor where you please and fetch a Pilot from the land which may bring you to Wyborgh From Narve Rode to the Russia Hacken Russia Hacken the course is north and south five leagues distant This point is called Castram Castram and there lyeth a towne called so From the Point or the Russia Hacken to the Rode Hel the course is northeast and by north and southwest and by south about 26 leagues Betweene them both on the Russia coast there is no Seafaring although some Rivers goe into the land There the land lyeth in a great creeke and reacheth from the Russia Hacken to the River Nioa or Oreschack The River of Nioa or Oreschack eastnortheast 13 or 14 leagues This River of Nioa devideth Russia from Finland through the Ladingh which is a great lake or water within the land The strong castle of Noetenburgh lyeth there also upon a River which reacheth out of the Lyflands or East Sea into the aforesaid Lake From thence the land reacheth northnortheast and north and by east thirteene or fourteene leagues to the Roodehel III. The situation from Wyborgh to Elsen-vos FRom the Rodehel to Porrescharen the course is southwest and by west about five leagues And from Porrescharen Porrescharre to the Fisher the course is southwest three leagues which is a great out Scharre which lyeth alone but eastward from the Fisher Fisher. there lye some out-scharres in the middle of the chanel and lye almost like water they lye almost right in the chanel betweene the Fisher and the Roodehel The course from the Fisher to Roodhel is northeast and by east and southwest and by west 7 or 8 leagues From Goescharen to the Badscharen or Espelscharen Esplescharen the course is westsouthwest and southwest and by west 11 or 12 leagues The Espelscharen is a great heape of out scharres and there right east there lyeth a great rock called Quade scharre Quade-scharre which you may sayle round about From Espelscharen to Putsfagre Putsfagre the course is west and east seven leagues Putsfagre is a great Rock or Iland lying north by west from Hogheland distant seven leagues from thence you may goe where you will betweene the Swethen Scharres if you will goe within the Scharres at Putsfagre you must take in a Pilot who will bring you through the rockes where you will you runne in in all places within the Rocks or Scharres it is for the most part good anckor ground About a league right south from Putsfagre there lyeth a blinde rock which you must shunne From Putsfagre to Peltingscharen Peltingscharres it is 5 leagues West from these out-rockes there lyeth a haven called Peltingsond Peltingsond which runneth in northeast there within there are a great number of Rockes and Scharres where you lye safe from all windes and you may being in sayle through the rockes so you have a good Pilot whither you will From Peltingsond to the haven of Elsenvos The haven of Elsenvos the course is west and west and by south 12 leagues On the west side of the haven there lyeth a high round rock whereon there standeth a warder or mast which is called Cubben on the other side of the haven over against Cubben Cubben there lyeth a long rock or Iland called Santam Santam betweene these two rocks the haven of Elsenvos goeth in and reacheth in most part northeast and northeast by north through betweene the rocks A certaine space east from the foresaid long rock called Santam there is another round rock called Mely Mely. these three rocks are markes of this haven To sayle into the haven of Elsenvos To sayle into the chanel of Elsenvos first it reacheth in northeast till you are within the rockes then it reacheth northnortheast till you come to the river of Elsenvos there you may anckor betweene the rockes for there it is good anckor ground There runneth also a chanel through within the rocks commeth in againe by Putsfagre into the Sea but runneth verie crookedly about and it is Pilots water IIII. The situation of Elsenvos to the Alandsche Haf FRom Elsenvos to the out-rocks of Luys Out rocks of Luys the course is west and by south twelve leagues And from the out-rockes three or four leagues more to the haven of Luys The haven of Luys The haven of Luys goeth in west from the rough Iland and there goeth a chanel up through the rockes to Abo east and east and by north thirteene leagues long and it runneth into the Sea againe by Corpo A litle waie upward in this chanel you goe by a rock which lyeth under the water which is of Loadestone Lodestone there the compasses alwaies runne about and can not stand still till you are a league from it When you are without the rocks of Luys then you may see the land of Revle there right over on the other side From the out-rocks of Luys to the haven of Wtoy it is west and east about 21 leagues Betweene Utoy and the haven of Luys there are no havens for shippes to goe in although that there betweene them both it is all broken land and rocks Utoye Vtoy is a great Iland whereon there standeth a mast with a barrel
Rookoe lyeth within the haven of Stockholme and the point thereof reacheth into the Daler Daler northeast and by north Without the Daler Elsnap Elsnap lyeth within the Daler Hartsticke Hartstick goeth in but is sonke with shippes so that no good ships can goe through the Hartstick reacheth first northwest to the bocht and then to Conincxhaven west and west and by north From the Daler to Deerhaven Dierhavē the haven of Stockholme reacheth northeast and by north and northeast from Duerhaven to Steendoren Steendoren it reacheth southwest and southwest and by west from thence to the old church yarde The Old church yarde westnorthwest from the old church yarde to Waxholme Waxholm west and westsouthwest there you may shutte the haven with a boome from thence it is southwest and by south and southsouthwest to Conincxhaven or S. Blasins holme S. Blasens holme from Conincxhaven or S. Blasins holme the course to the towne of Stockholme is westnorthwest and northwest a league The chanel of Stockholme runneth along by the Northland in againe into the Northbodem and so into the East-sea it reacheth betweene Wedde and Uxe about northeast and southwest you must leave the firme land on baghborde and the great Ilands on starreborde and so runne about northeast and northeast and by east to the North bodem II. The situation of the Coast of Sweathland betweene the haven of Stocholme and the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe TWo leagues westsouthwest from the point of Landsoort there lyeth a great rock named Hartshals which is verie well to be knowne betweene them both the land there reacheth east and west West from this rock there goeth in another haven or chanel which you may runne through behinde Elsnap with jachts towards Stocholme West from this Haven the Haven of Telghen The haven of Telgen goeth in which reacheth in about northwest almost to the Moller and at the ende of the chanel lyeth Telghen but before it there lyeth a towne called Trosa Trosa From the aforesaid rock called Hartshals to the Haven of Stickborch The haven of Stickborch the course is w. n. w. but from Landsoort to this haven the land reacheth east and west it is a wide haven and in the mouth thereof Newecoppen Newecoppen lyeth on the north side but Sticxborch lyeth on the south side Southcoppen then there goe two havens more in the one to South and the other to North Coppen Northcoppen From Landsoort to the Haven of Silbuy Silbuy the course is s w. and by s 19 leagues It reacheth in n. w. and n. w. and by n. If you will anckor under Silbuy you must turne up eastward and anckor before the towne in the middle of the rocks at seven eight and nine fathome You may there sayle through the Sweathland Rocks to Westwick Fluyerbuy Vrouwenbergh Sticxholme and so northward to Schelsuyer there it is all faire ground and is fiveteene eighteene and twentie fathome deepe If you will goe to Vrouwenbergh Vrouwenbergh or Fluerbuy Fleurbuy then sayle forward west and west and by north till you come against the land then you may anckor against Fleurbuy or you may turne up northwest betweene the Iland of Vrouwenbergh and the firme land and there anckor at twelve fathome You may also runne through it into Westerwick Westerwick Westerwick lyeth distant from Silbuy west and west and by north through within the Rockes and there it is fiveteene or sixteene fathome deepe From Silbuy to Schelsuyr Schelsuyr it is norrhwest seven leagues all through within the rockes Schelsuyr is a faire Haven or Creeke there lyeth a rock in the Haven but you may goe about it on both sides and anckor before the towne East from Schelsuyr lyeth Hontsbaye Hontsbay and then Greene Iland Greene-Iland there also is good anckor ground and you may runne along thereby to Sticxborgh The out-rockes and scharres of Silbuy and the land of Newe Coppen or of Telghen lye distant about north and by east and south and by west fiveteene leagues but the Out scharres of Silbuy and the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe lye distant south and by east and north and by west eight leagues From Landsoort by the Haven of Stockholme to the Ioncvrouwe the course is fouthsouthwest four-and-twentie leagues But from the Haven or the Out-rocks of Silbuy to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe it is south and by east eight leagues III. The situation of Gotland with the Ilands lying about it FRom the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe Sweathland Ioncvrowe to Carelsoo the course is east and east and by north eleven or twelve leagues Great Carelsoo and Small Carelsoo lye close one by the other they are two small high Ilands lying on the west side of Gotland The Small Carelsoo Small Carelsoo lyeth nearest to Gotland and there under it is round about good Rode at eight nine and tenne fathome for round about it it is faire and cleane Under Great Carelsoo Great Carelsoo also it is good Rode on the west and east-sides but on the north and south sides it is foule therefore you must goe no nearer to Carelsoo by night then eleven or twelve fathome Betweene Great Carelsoo and Small Carelsoo it is twelve thirteene and fourteene fathome deepe Right over against Carelsoo lyeth westergarde Westergarde upon Gotland From Carelsoo to Wisbuy Wisbuy in Gotland the course is northeast sixe or seven leagues Men were wonte in old time to anckor there behinde a Head or Kist In times past this was a notable and famous towne of Marchandise where all trade of Merchandise was used but now by Gods visitation it is cleane decayed and spoyled There yet to this daye you may see manie decayed houses of Marble and other hewen stones whereby a man may partly see and gesse her former situation and proportion The Hanze townes did there for a long tyme holde their staple and trade the old Water-lawes are there made and also the old famous Cardes which in times past were verie perfect but now altogether fpoyled From Carelsoo to Gotland Sand Gotland Sand. the course is northeast and northeast and by north one-and-twentie leagues Gotland Sand is an Iland of a league great you may sayle round about it and round about it it is white strand From the northwest point there shooteth off a Sand there it is sixe seven and eight fathome deepe and all over good anckor ground The Coperstone Coperstone lyeth distant from Gotland Sand westnorthwest and northwest and by west three leagues Four or five leagues south and by west and southsouthwest from Gotland Sand lyeth Faro Sand Faro sand and at the north ende of Faro Sand there shooteth off a badde foule shelf or Sand northnortheast about two leagues into the Sea which is called Salf-onreyn Salf-onreyn You may runne into Farosand at two and three fathome deepe and there standeth a church with a flatte
steeple upon the land From Farosand to Sliet-haven Sliet havē the course is south and by west three leagues and from thence to Ostergarde Ostergarde also south and by west four leagues From Ostergarde there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle round about and anckor where you will at seven or eight fathome You may sayle into Ostergarde about on both sides of the said Iland The south chanel reacheth in north at seven fathome and the east chanel north from the Iland reacheth in southwest and southsouthwest From Ostergarde to Houborch the southwest ende of Gotland the course is southwest and southwest and by south about twelve or thirteene leagues Betweene them both there lye four Havens called Santwick Narwick Boswick and Heylicholme The haven of Santwick Santwick reacheth in about northnorthwest within it is five and sixe fathome deepe there standeth a chappel upon the point of the land and there it is good lying This Haven and Ostergarde are distant southwest and by south and northeast and by north about a league and an half Narwick Narwick lyeth from Santwick southwest three leagues and on the east side of the Haven there lyeth a long rock which you must goe in by and leave the other sharpe rock on baghborde and anckor within the haven at four or five fathome A league west from Narwick lyeth Boswick Boswick there lyeth an Iland in the middle of the haven it is best to goe in south from it but you may also goe in north about it and then you leave the two rocks on starreborde it is a faire haven and in it is three fathome water A league south from it lyeth Heylich holme Heylich-holme it is also a good haven but it is litle knowne From Heylich holme to the south ende of Gotland the course is southwest five leagues On the south ende of Gotland there standeth a high steeple called Houborch Houborch At Houborch also there goeth in a haven you may anckor before it at sixe or seven fathome Sand of Gotland From the south point of Gotland there runneth a Sand a great waie into the Sea which is verie stonie but you may sound it about at seven eight and nine fathome IIII. The situation of Oeland Calmersond and so to Valsterbon FRom the south-point of Gotland to the southpoint of Oeland the course is as much westerly as southwest three-and-twentie or four-and-twentie leagues but the north ende of Oeland lyeth distant from the south ende of Gotland westnorthwest or as some saye west and by north tenne or eleven leagues .. The Iland of Oeland Oeland as some say is four-and-twentie leagues long and a great league broade when you sayle along by it you may telle eighteene steeples which are all flatte The eastcoast reacheth north and by east and south and by west it is a faire coast but about seven or eight leagues south from the north ende there shooteth off a Sand crosse from the land about a league into the Sea which you must shunne By it also there goeth in a haven Haven in Oeland where indifferent shippes may goe in otherwise Oeland hath never a Haven But within Calversond there a man may anckor under Oeland verie fitly to lade for there it is good lying in all places From the north ende of Oeland to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe Sweathlād Ioncvrouwe the course is west and by south you may sayle round about it and anckor where you will there it is eighteene or nineteene fathome deepe From the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe to the rockes of Calmer the course is southsouthwest eleven leagues Calmersond Calmersond stretcheth through to Der-clipping south and by west and north-and by east twelve or thirteene leagues there it is not all to broad nor deepe there about you have three fathome and a foot deepe If you come out of the south you may runne in west also from the rockes but there it is no more then twelve foot deepe and that runneth in northnorthwest About eight leagues south from Calmer and four leagues north from the Rough Iland there lyeth a litle towne called Overschaer there abouts shooteth out a stonie Sand about a third part of a league from the shore into the Sea come no nearer unto it then tenne fathome From the south ende of Oeland there shooteth off a great Sand at least a great league into the Sea Sand of Oeland and there it is seven or eight fathome deepe when the chappel upon Suyder Norden is northwest a league from you there it is tenne or eleven fathom deepe you may sound it about at eight or nine fathome the south ende of Oeland is called Zuydernorden and the Sand is called the Sand of Zuydernorden From thence to Derclipping Derclipping it is westsouthwest eight leagues North from Derclippingh or Out-clippingh lyeth the Rough Iland Betweene that Iland and the firme land it is foule and craggie so that you cannot sayle through there but upon the east side of the Rough Iland you may saile along at tenne or twelve fathome without hurt On the west or northwest side of the Rough Iland there is good Rode where is good lying at eight or nine fathome faire ground against the northeast and east windes From Derclipping to Ahuys the course is west and west and by south tenne or eleven leagues betweene them both that is west and west and by north from Derclippingh five leagues lyeth a great rock called Malqueren Malqueren which you may anckor under North from this rock the towne called Rottenbuy Rottenbuy lyeth in a Creeke before it as also before Eleholme Eleholme you may anckor at sixe seven and eight fathome for there is good anckor ground There goeth up a river to Ahuys Ahuys of eight or tenne foot deep and before it as also before Selsborgh Selsborch the Rode is seven or eight fathome From Ahuys to Hanneu or Hanno the course is southeast five leagues Hanno Hanno is a high round Iland you may sayle and anckor round about it at tenne eleven and twelve fathome From Hanno to the north ende of Borneholme it is south and by east and north and by west eleven or twelve leagues distant South from Hanno lyeth a towne called Sant-haver Santhaver west or north from it lyeth Somer-haven Somer haven in a round baye and there it is verie good anckor ground From the north ende of Borneholme to Utstede the course is northwest eight leagues Wtstede But from Utstede to Valsterbon the coast reacheth about westsouthwest thirteene or fourteene leagues Thus the southende of Oeland sheweth when it is crosse from you V. Of the depths and grounds situate in these chanels BEtweene Gotland and the Sweathland rockes and skarres in the chanel it is 34 and 38 fathome deepe and close by Gotland it is 25 fathome deepe Two leagues from the land west from Ostergarde it is about one-and-thirtie
fathome deepe soft ground Betweene Ostergarde and Houborch you have a banck of four-and-twentie fathome it is great redde sand then you can not see the land out of the toppe of the mast And eastward also you have a banck there of fourteene fathome deepe it is graye and white sand when you are over it then you finde no ground at fortie fathome When Houborch is northnortheast seven leagues from you there it is fiveteene fathome deepe stonie ground And when you goe from thence northeast three leagues there it is twentie fathome great stonie ground If you will sayle from Borneholme to Ostergarde you must not spare your lead but still cast it out towards these bankes that you may make your account thereafter Betweene Gotland and Oeland it is uneven to sound the depth sometimes you have two-and-twentie and three-and-twentie fathome and sometimes nine-and-twentie fathome and all black grayish peeces of ground sometimes stones as great as pease which are black and earthly coloured When you are northwest and northwest and by north from Houborch almost three leagues from the land there you have great redde stonie Sand with blacke stones in it as bigge as beanes When Zuydernorden lyeth west from you three leagues there it is soft ground seven-and-twentie and nine-and-twentie fathome deepe And when the chappel upon Zuydernorden lyeth westnorthwest from you three leagues there it is thirtie and one-and-thirtie fathome deepe it is lymie soft ground When Zuydernorden lyeth northnorthwest and somewhat northerlyer from you and you are a league from the land there it is thirteene fathome deepe When you are past Zuydernorden and come against Derclippingh in the chanel there it is nine-and-thirtie fathome deepe and there it is slickie and soft ground If I should describe all the banckes which lye in the East-sea severally and perticularly by themselves they alone would conteyne a whole volume for that in manie places it is verie banckie and uneven for you shall come in no place but you shall finde banckes as betweene Houborch and Ostergarde between Zuydernorden and Gotland and betweene Oeland and Borneholme and likewise against Reefcol and Righshooft where you finde severall banckes and of unequall and severall depths Betweene Iasmont and Borneholme you finde banckes of seven tenne fiveteene and twentie fathome as in their places it is partly shewed also on Righsche bodem it is full of banckes of fiveteene twentie and five-and-twentie fathome The deepest water of the East-sea is about fortie fathome Thus much I thought good to place here that no man by reason of such banckes should erre and goe out of the waie VI. How these Places lye distant from each other HOw the Haven of Stockholme reacheth in from point to point and all the Ilands and rockes thereabouts it is alreadie described at large From Landsoort or the point of the haven of Stockholme to the rock Hartshals westsouthwest 3 leagues From Hartshals to the River of Sticborch the course is w. n. w. From Landsoort to Smaland west 5 leagues From Smaland to the haven of Silbuy south and by west distant 15 or 16 leagues From Landsoort to the haven of Silbuy southwest by south 19 leagues From Silbuy to Schelsuyr the course is northnorthwest distant 7 leagues From Landsoort to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe southsouthwest 24 leagues From the Outscharres or rocks of Silbuy to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe south and south and by east 8 leagues From the Sweathland Ionckvrouwe to Carelsoo east and east and by north 11 or 12 leagues From Carelsoo to Wisbuy northeast 6 or 7 leagues From Carelsoo to Gotland sand northeast and northeast and by north 21 leagues From Gotland sand to the Haven of Stockholme west and by north 16 leagues From Gotland sand to Farosand or the northende of Gotland south and by west and southsouthwest 4 or 5 leagues From Faro sand to Ostergarde south and by west 7 leagues From Ostergarde to Houborch southwest and southwest and by south 12 or 13 leagues From the south ende of Gotland to the northende of Oeland westnorthwest 10 or 11 leagues From the Sweathland Ionckvrouwe to the rockes of Calmer southsouthwest 11 leagues From Calmersond to Derclippingh south and by east distant 12 or 13 leagues From Derclipping to Malqueren west and west and by north 5 leagues From Derclipping to Ahuys west and west and by south distant 10 or 11 leagues From Derclipping to Hanno s w. and by w. 10 leagues From Ahuys to Hanno southeast 5 leagues From Hanno to the north ende of Borneholme south and by east 11 or 12 leagues From the north ende of Borneholme to the tonne at Valsterboen sand west and by south 19 leagues From Stockholme skarres or rocks to the north ende of Oeland south and by west 22 leagues From the haven of Stockholme to Carelsoo south 21 leagues From the south ende of Gotland to Zuydernorden the southende of Oeland s w. somewhat westerlyer 23 or 24 leag From the south ende of Oeland to Derclipping w. s w. 8 leag From Derclipping to the northende of Borneholme northnortheast 19 leagues From Ostergarde to Borneholme southwest and somewhat southerlyer 63 or 64 leagues From Houborch to Borneholme southwest and somewhat southerlyer 51 leagues From the south ende of Oeland to the south ende of Borneholme southsouthwest 26 leagues But to the northwest ende it is s w. and by s 25 leagues VII How these Lands are situate from other Lands FRom Gotland sand to Boechscharre north and by east 20 or 21 leagues From Carelsoo to Boechscharre n. n. e. 40 leagues From Gotland sand to the south point of Alants Haf north north and by east 19 or 20 leagues From Gotland sand to Dageroort n. e. and by e. 26 leagues From Gotland sand to Derwinda s e. by e. 31 or 32 leagues From Ostergarde to Dageroort northeast and northeast and by north 38. leagues From Ostergarde to Derwinda east 29 leagues From Ostergarde to Conincxberghen deepe southsoutheast 48 leagues From Ostergarde to Righshooft south and north 45 leagues From Houborch to Hondsoort northeast 47 leagues From Houborch to Luseroort east and by north and somewhat northerlyer 40 leagues From Houborch to Derwinda east and by north 38 leagues From Houborch to Memle eastsoutheast 38 leagues From Houborch to Conincxberghen southeast and by south 48 leagues From Houborch to Righshooft south and by east 34 leagues From the south ende of Oeland called Suydernorden to Sevenberghen east and somewhat northerlyer 48 leagues From Suyder Norden to Memle east 48 leagues From Suyder Norden to Righshooft northwest 34 leagues How all the points of the East Sea are distant and lye in length and bredth from Borneholme you finde it at large described in the sixth Chapter Heere followeth the Carde N. 29. Pascaarte van't Schagher rack vertoonende van Schaghen en̄ Maesterlandt af door de Soudt tot om Valsterboen toe alle de gelegenthent der Zeecusten van't Lant van Noor doosten Halant Schoonen en Zeelant
Hoemen alle HaveneÌ„ daer ontreÌ„t geleghen beseijlen ende alle clippen Reuen enÌ„ periculose plaetsen schouwen ende mijden sal Carte Marine representant dez Schagen et Maesterlande par la Somâ—â— iusques a Valsterbon toutes les situations des costes de la Mer du pais de Nord-est Halande SchoneÌ„ et Zeelande ComÌ„ent on marinera tous Ports et haures la alentour et se gardera de tous rochiers escueils bancs de sable et dangereux endroictz CHAPTER X. A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Schoonen Zeeland Haland and the Land of Northeast from Valsterbon to Schaghen I. The situation betweene Valsterbon and the Sond Valsterboen sand THe Sand of Valsterbon reacheth about southwest above a league to Seaward If you come out of the east you may anckor under Valsterboen Sand at 7 or 8 fathome so that then the steeple of Valsterbon standeth west or west and by north from you from Valsterboen Sand along by the Bleesche side to Drelborch it is verie flatte Rode under Steden You may also anckor under Steden safe against a northerly winde but you must runne in somewhat farre betweene Steden and Meun into the creeke and anckor betweene Meun and Steden at eight or nine fathome so that the shoring point of Steden may lye northnortheast from you Kuycke North from Steden you must ruÌ„ne up westward to Kuycke which lyeth in a great creeke it is there all shallowe or flat water at five sixe or seven fathome and you may anckor there where you will Close by Steden it is twelve and thirteene fathome deepe On the Sand of Valsterboen there lyeth a tonne at four fathome and you may sound about the Sand at five fathome without daunger When the steeple of Valsterboen and the castle are one against another then you are right against the Sand. When you are about Valsterboen Sand you may sounde there within it at four fathome along to the strand of Schoonen or old Valsterboen Hul water where there lyeth a haven called Hul or Hul-water it is a deepe haven for common shippes and goeth in at three or four fathome and reacheth in most part northeast you may sound in along by the foot-strand of Olde Valsterboen at three fathome and you must leave Olde Valsterboen on the right hand it is there wide and broade ynough But before or against Olde Valsterboen there lyeth a Sand called Zuydvliet which you must remember to shunne Southvliet From the tonne upon Valsterboen Sand to the tonne upon Draker sand the course is north five leagues but if you come out of the east and come out by Steden Drakersand then goe north and by east to Drakersand and that is sixe leagues and when the steeple of Coppen haven commeth upon the east ende of the wood which standeth west from Draker Markes of Draker sand then you have the length of the tonne upon Drakersand then you may well set your course upon Southolme till you come before Draker there you shall finde five fathome water a foot lesse and that is the dryest of all the Middle ground The south tonne of the Middle ground lyeth somewhat higher up to Draker South tonne in the Midle ground from the tonne upon Draker sand to the Suyder tonne north and north and by west Right over against this Zuyder tonne there lyeth a stone above the water which is called the Fisher there you may sound the Southolme for there it is flatte water Fisher. From the Zuyder tonne of the Middle ground Casper Caniel tonne and the markes or the drought to the tonne upon Casper Caniel the course is north and north and by west there the Middleground is at the narrowest there it is shoring on both sides if you lavere through the shallowes you must winde as soone as it beginneth to drie on the one or the other side The markes of this tonne upon Casper Caniel are these when the sharpe steeple of Coppen haven is against the white castle then you have the length of this tonne and there it is seven and eight fathome deepe From the tonne at Casper Caniel to the Middle tonne Middle tonne the course is north and by west the southerlyest mille commeth upon the southende of the towne and the flatte steeple coÌ„meth within a lever or bowe length of the speere steeple of Coppen haven these are markes of the Middle tonne it is there eight or nine fathome deepe North tonne From the Middle tonne to the North tonne the course is north and by west and northnorthwest there in the chanel it is nine and tenne fathome deepe but the tonne lyeth at sixe fathome on the north ende of the Middle ground From the north tonne to the Sond the course is north and by west in that chanel it is eight nine tenne fathome deepe you may also runne along by the west side at sixe and seven fathome Rode under the Sond A man may anckor in the Sond where he will all the shippes for the most part anckor commonly along by the land south from Elsenore but with a southeast winde it is badde lying there for there it is fiveteene and sixteene fathome deepe but to Weem there lyeth a banck or flat of seven eight or nine fathome there it is better lying but it is somewhat farre from the land II. How you shall sayle out of the Sond through the shallowes and so into Reefshol ALthough I have heere perfectly declared how you shall sayle through the Sands and Shallowes comming from Valsterboen to the Sond yet I thought it not amisse also to write How a man comming north or out of the Sond shall sayle through it in regard that there passeth so great a number of shippes that waie everie yeere and for that it is so requisite and convenient to knowe the true and perfect situation of that chanel North tonne If you wil sayle out of the Sond to the Shallowes and Sands you must goe south and by east or you may sound along by the wood at five or sixe fathome then you shall not in sayling misse the North tonne for it lyeth at sixe fathome on the north ende of the middle ground east from the tonne it is seven fathome deepe Markes of the north-tonne but in the right chanel against this tonne it is nine or tenne fathome deepe The markes of this tonne are when the ende of the wood is westsouthwest and the steeple of Coppen haven southwest from you then you are against the north toÌ„ne and there standeth a flatte steeple a certaine space south from that wood also there come then three hillocks on the north-side of the towne all these are markes of the north tonne If you will sayle to Reefshol or to Coppen haven then ruÌ„ne west about this north tonne To sayle into Reefshol and goe on southwest by south and southsouthwest till the tonne lyeth east and east and by
northnortheast from you then goe boldly northwest and by north and northnorthwest to the Sand of Anout then you shall runne farre ynough without But if you will sayle from Col to the Sond then hold the Iland of Weene hidde behinde the Castle of Elsenor How to shuÌ„ne the Swyne boden for if you bring not Weene without the castle of Elsenor then you cannot sayle under the Swyneboden when you are past the Swynboden then you may sayle forward in the middle of the water about Lappesand and when you are within the castle then you may anckor where you will as I said before Betweene Col Zeeland it is sixteene seventeene eighteene and in some places twentie fathome deepe but in the night come no nearer to Zeeland then twelve thirteene or fourteene fathome for at that depth you are close by the land for on Zeland side it is verie shoring Haselin From Col to the Iland Haselin it is southwest and by west eight leagues From the east ende of Haselin there reacheth out a Sand northeast and by north a great league from the ende of the Sand lye the Luysgrounds Luysgrounds and lye from the south ende of Anout distant northwest by west and southeast and by east and from Col east and by south and west and by north there the water is no deeper then eight foot When you come from Anout sand and will goe to the Sond then goe no southerlyer then southsoutheast so you shall not undersayle these grouÌ„ds for with a south and east course you should sayle by them when you come from Anout sand but comming out of the Sond you should undersayle those Luysgrounds with a westnorthwest course Therefore if you will sayle to the Sond from Anout or from the Sond to Anout with a sharpe winde you must be carefull to remember them and to take heede of them Rode under Haselin The Iland Haselin on the outside is all foule and full of Sands and shallowes but on the Zeland side it is indifferent faire there you may runne under to anckor The coast of Zeeland is a faire strand and you may runne through betweene Haselin and Zeeland to the Belt but a litle west from Haselin there shooteth off a Sand from Zeeland which you must shunne About eastsoutheast from Haselin there lyeth a great wide river which without in the beginning is at least a league wide it is there good anckoring against a northeast winde at five or sixe fathome This River devideth it self into three parts in the land of Zeeland the first or easterlyest goeth up southsoutheast to Roskild the second goeth up to Isiebie and Holbecke there there lyeth a great Iland in the middle and within it is three leagues broad this River is called Isenvoort reaching into the land south Isenvorde and south and by west sixe or seven leagues The third River reacheth to Draecxholme also five leagues southwest and northeast so that in Draecxholme you may see the Sea this river stretcheth as the Sea-coast doth along to the Belt Thus Zeeland sheweth it self when you come from Anoult sayling to the Sond V. The situation betweene Col and Waersberghen FRom Col to the Iland Swederoer it is northeast and by north there you may goe northward in behinde Swedere there it is wide and broad and betweene the great and small rocks you may anckor at seven fathome against the church of Turko which is a white church it is good to come in there you may there goe southward out againe leaving the two rockes with the warders on starreborde and runne right up to Col close about the rockes If you come from Anout and by meanes of southerly windes can not gette above Col you must goe from Col northeast and by north to Swederoer and goe close in by the two rockes wheron the warders stand there it is soft ground so that you must looke to your anckors a north winde bloweth openly into it Betweene Col and Swederoer there is a great creeke there lyeth the towne of Engelholme there also you may anckor Engleholme North from Swederoer there goeth in another great creeke wherein Bos-stadt lyeth three leagues east from Swederoer Bos-stadt Laholme a league easterlyer lyeth the towne or castle called Laholme there also goeth a River into the land Three leagues northward from Laholme lyeth Helmâ—te upon a currant or falling water Helmste but there may nothing but boyers and small boates goe into it Three leagues westward from Helmste lyeth the Iland Tullo which lyeth northnorthwest about five leagues from Swederoer The Iland Tullo inward to the land against this Iland there lyeth a high hill which sheweth white as if it were sandie land it is called Haver but by Saylers it is called Yong Col Younge Col. because it is like Col for heigth and fashion and sometimes also it is taken for Col. Three leagues north from Tullo lyeth the River of Valckenborch on the north side thereof there lyeth an Iland called Muruptinge And three leagues more north from the River of Valckenborch lyeth Waersberghen Valckenburgh which is distant from Col north and by west and south and by east twelve or thirteene leagues To sayle into Waersberghen then runne in by the east side To sayle into Waersbergen but right upon the point of the Iland there lyeth a rock under the water and from the point whereon the castle standeth there also lyeth a blinde rock which you must shunne and goe in the middle of the water betweene the Iland and the Maie-land and anckor against the castle at four or five fathome there within it is all flatte water To sayle otherwise into Waersberghen sette Outboy north from the castle and goe in northnortheast there lyeth a Rock there even with the water you must leave it on starreborde and anckor belowe the castle at four fathome Thus the land of Waersberghen sheweth when you sayle by Anout to the Sond VI. The situation betweene Waersberghen and Masterland THree leagues north from Waersberghen lyeth Monstersond Monstersond which is a River which reacheth up into the land upon it there lye some townes as Vlymenes Horne and Goeswaer Nydingh From Waersberghen to Nyding the course is northwest five leagues it is a verie badde rock it lyeth even above the water so that the water almost striketh over it everie man must take heede of it Malesond A great league northeast and northeast and by east from Nydingh there lyeth an Iland called Malesond it is a round Iland you may sayle round about it at seven or eight fathome and under it also it is good anckoring Two cables length westnorthwest from Malesond lyeth a blinde rock there lyeth another rock a bowe shotte from the land even with the water on it there standeth a beacon and upon the Mayeland there stande two great beacons each upon a rock betweene them both there
goeth in a haven which lyeth eastnortheast from Malesond it is a faire haven of tenne fathome deepe there is good anckor ground Consback about the lowe point you may see Consback lye north from you you may runne in betweene Ning or Nydingh and the firme land for there also it is flatte water Wynno From Malesond to Wynno the haven of Niloos the course is northnorthwest three leagues By Wynno you goe into the River of Niloos Reefsond the haven is called Reefsond there lyeth a rough Iland which you must leave on baghborde and the long rock on starreborde and so you must runne in through the rocks by the rugged Iland there are no blinde rocks which you neede to feare Whâ—n you come within the rugged Iland then you may anckor there behinde or within at twentie fathome The south chanel reacheth in northnorthwest it is wide and broade and goeth in at eight nine and tenne fathome FroÌ„ Reefâ—ond to Calfsond it is northnorthwest four leagues you must sayle into it south from a great rock Calfsond whereon there standeth a beacon south from the Haven there are manie great rockes and northward they are small rockes now when you are within the rockes about the point of the north land there you may anckor at fiveteene or sixteene fathome for there it is good anckor ground From Calfsond you goe forward to Bahuys and then you leave Connel on the left hand Bahuys Connel you may also goe within the rockes from Calfsond to the river of Nyleus Masterland and Calfsond lye about four leagues distant Mâ—sterland If you will sayle from Schagen to Masterland then goe eastnortheast then you shall see a round rock or hill called Bretto Bretto hill when that is eastnortheast from you and you sayle right upon it then you come open before Masterland and then you see the Pater-nosters lye before you which is a heape of out-rockes Paternosters which reach farre out into the Sea leave them on baghborde and sayle along by them eastnortheast east and by north till you come by the Iland of Masterland and when you come to the land then the River will open which reacheth in by the south side most east and by south and eastsoutheast and when you are within the Iland where the mast or beacon with the barrel upon it standeth then turne up southward behinde it and anckor before the towne for then you may see it lye before you there you put an anckor out before to seaward and make a rope fast upon the Kaye lying also with the sterne of the shippe at the Kaye You may goe into the Sea againe through the south chanel close along by the rock South chanel which lyeth in the middle of the chanel above the water you may goe about on both sides of this rock but within the rock which lyeth above the water there lyeth a blinde rock and on the south side there lyeth a great rock that lyeth somewhat more outward then that which lyeth above it and there lyeth also a blinde rock under the water on the Iland upon the north side of the rock which lyeth in the chanel The chanel reacheth in most east and east and by north there all about it is good anckor ground and you may also sayle within through the rockes to the havens or rivers of Bahuys Nileus Thus the land sheweth betweene Waersberghen and Masterland Britto Waersberghen VII The situation betweene Col and Schaghen ANout sand and Col lye distant from each other northwest and southeast about eleven leagues you may easely see them both upon the hatches of the shippe in cleare wether when you are betweene them in that chanel it is twentie and two-and-twentie fathome deepe From Anout sand to Zeeland the course is southsoutheast twelve or thirteene leagues Betweene Anout and Zeeland it is fiveteene and sixteene fathome deepe Anout sand is verie shoring and reacheth from Anout about eastnortheast into the Sea but when you come out of the west you may sound it at seventeene or eighteene fathome but when you come out of the Sond with a sharpe winde then you can not sound it On the north side of Anout you may ancker at tenne or eleven fathome so that then you may shunne the Sand to goe to the Sond Betweene Col and Anout there lyeth a banck which is no deeper then seven or eight fathome sometimes the streame raveleth much thereon There lyeth another banck betweene the banck of Anout and Valkenborch of twelve fathome which reacheth to Haland which also in some places is no deeper then eight fathome a litle south from Anout sand Betweene Anout and Waersberghen in the chanel it is two-and twentie fathome deepe but there also there lyeth a banck betweene them both of tenne fathome deepe when you are forced to lye by a winde betweene Anout and Lesou and that you finde twentie fathome deepe then you must knowe that you beginne to fall neare to Norwaie side but when you runne westward and finde but twelve thirteene fourteene and fiveteene fathome then you must knowe that you are towards the Iutsche or Anout side then you must winde againe towards Norwaie but where the bancks aforesaid lye is declared before there you must looke to it passing to and againe over it least thereby you should erre and goe out of the waie If you must be forced to laveere betweene Lesou and Anout or betweene the Sond and Schaghen by night or in mistie wether you must not spare your lead the chanel for the most part is twentie one-and-twentie two-and-twentie and three-and-twentie fathome deepe Betweene Anout and Lezou in the right chanel it is five-and-twentie fathome deepe but right betweene Anout and Lezou it is flatte water of seven or eight fathome There you may sayle through betweene them both till you come to the Belt Anout on the west side is verie foule and full of Dwalegrounds of two or three fathome From the Sand of Anout to the Trindle it is northwest tenne or eleven leagues Trindle The Trindle lyeth northeast from the north ende of Lezou three leagues upon it is about eight foot water but as some saye but four foot It is stonie sand ground and a Flatte in bignesse as much as two Morgens of land Lezou it lyeth extended along the chanel and on the northeast side there lyeth a tonne upon it From Lezou there commeth a Flat towards the Trindle which you may sound at three or four fathome When you sayle through betweene Lezou and the Trindle then the nearer to the Trindle you have the deeper water that is 5 6 7 fathome spare not your lead by night about the Trindle nor come no nearer unto it on the out side then 9 or 10 fathome What may be said more of the Trindle as also of the full situation of the Iland Lezou with the bancks and Flats shooting out from it and how you
it is west and by north four leagues betweene them both lyeth Graswick When you saile into it then you leave the sharpe point on baghborde Graswick and within there lyeth a round rock there is good anckor ground you may goe about on both sides of this rock North from this rock there lyeth a great Creeke where shippes lye in for the winde and within also there lyeth a round rock runne along by the west side which first reacheth in north and about the Iland northnorthwest leave the Iland on starreborde and then goe in northnorthwest by the west side Behinde the Sisters lyeth Elsange Elsange when you come from Farder then you runne through within the rockes which lye within the Sisters till you be against the land then you see a great graye rock which you must leave on baghborde and the small rockes that lye there within on starborde then goe about by the west side of the land and then you shall see the haven open which is narrowe but within it is flatte water and soft ground North from Elsanghe lyeth the point of Roge Roge. at the east ende of Roge you may anckor there it is a smooth strand and you may goe through betweene Roge and the Calf But if you will be under Fleto then goe through betweene the two small rockes The point of Roge lyeth distant from the Iland Farder northnortheast five leagues From the Sisters to the Iland Bast it is northwest five leagues Bast But Farder and Bast are distant north and by west and south by east also five leagues From Bast to the Soenwater it is north and by east northnortheast four leagues betweene them both lyeth a foule point Markenboet Asko Lousond Soenwater and south from Bast lyeth Markenboet and south from it lyeth Asko which is a creeke and north from Asko lyeth Lousond From Farder to Soenwater it is north When you sayle from Farder or Bast to Soenwater there lyeth a redde point betweene Soenwater and Coperwick but if you will put into Coperwick you must turne up westward Coperwick when you are within the Lammeren there standeth a church on the west land there is the lading place you may sayle further upward to Brakenesse Holmson and on the north side Holmsond lyeth Soenwater reacheth in for the most part north upon it there lye manie havens and lading places Mossond most on the right side as you come in first Mossond which goeth up eastward Wickste Schiphil then Wickste behinde an Iland it is a creeke then Schiphill which also is a Sand-baye but it is a good rode It goeth up northward to Anslo Ansloe then it runneth southward into the Bodem Upon the coast betweene Masterland and Farder it is all over for the most part good ancker ground at five-and-thirtie and fortie fathome Thus the Land of Northeast sheweth it self betweene Masterland and Zuyderwicxholme being four leagues from it as you sayle along by it Distlebergh Langhebergh Britto II. The situation betweene Farder and Langhesond VVest from the Iland of Farder there lyeth a towne in a great Creeke called Tonsberghen Tonsberghen From Farder to Larwick the course is westsouthwest four leagues Larwick is a great broad River wherein there are manie lading places and Creekes Larwick where you may ancker From the east point of Larewick there runneth a rowe of rocks which reach southeast and by south a good waie into the Sea which you must shunne for they runne almost over half the Creeke the rockes are called the Larewicsche Swynen within it it is flatte shallowe water so that farre there within it no great ships can lye aflote the havens of Larewick are all firrwood havens Stavange On the west side of Larewick Stavange lyeth which are rockes there you may sayle in on both sides A league west from Stavange lyeth the Nesse which is the east point of Langesond From Farder to Langesond it is westsouthwest eight leagues Langesond Langesond is one of the fairest havens of all Norwaie before old Langesond there lyeth a high round rock whereon there standeth a great round mast or beacon to knowe Langesond by Conincxhaven or the River of Langesond goeth northnorthwest in by a rough rugged point Conincxhaven and then you goe in east from the Baerse Baerse which lyeth off from the aforesaid rugged point within that haven it is thirtie fathome deepe when you sayle in keepe in the middle of the water and ancker in Conincx-haven at eight-and-twentie or thirtie fathome If you will goe into the Nesse The Nesse then sayle betweene the great rock whereon the mast standeth and the land of Old Langesond leaving the said rock on starreborde and sayle so about the rugged point into the Nesse The Nesse lyeth behinde a Cingle strand you lye under a rowe of Rockes like redde sand there lye some small rockes against this Cingle there it is wide and broade Strand like a girdle and a good haven to come into there it is four-and-twentie and five-and-twentie fathome deepe Thus the land east from Langesond sheweth being five leagues from you when you come out of the west III. The situation of the Havens and Rivers betweene Langesond and Maerdou FRom Langesond to Iofferland the course is southsouthwest a great league IofferlaÌ„d Aberfort betweene them both lyeth Abbefoert and Ostkiel and east from the out-rock of Iofferland you may goe into the two havens Ostkiel From the northerlyest rockes of Iofferland to Abbefort the course is northnorthwest and north-and by west a league and to Ostkiel is the course also northwest a league When you come out of the south you may goe within Iofferland through to Ostkiel or Abbefoert you may also anckâ—r behinde Iofferland at fiveteene and twentie fathome West from Iofferland there lye Westkiel Santfort and Longen If you will goe into Westkiel Westkiel you must leave all the great rockes which lye off from Iofferland on starborde and so sayle upon the west ende of the haven leaving all the small rockes of Santfort on baghborde and sayle in northnorthwest till you be about the west point then turne up northwest On the north side of the Ilands which lye within the haven there is a ditch or falling water where you may ancker at twentie or five-and-twentie fathome Santfort Santfort lyeth a league west from Westkiel if you will sayle into Sandfort leave all the small rockes on starborde and so goe along by the land till you be within the Longholmes which remaine on baghborde goe right into the Wike This is a faire haven and you may goe from the east into it A banck by Santfort Against Santfort there lyeth a banck into the Sea which in some places is no deeper then three or four fathome and it endeth at Westkiel Longhen A great league west from Sandvort lyeth Longhen there lyeth a round
leave on baghborde the haven reacheth southwest and southwest and by west into the Sea From Vlocx to Bremerholme or Dievenholme the course is northnorthwest three leagues Bremer-holme or Dievenholme Monsterhaven Roteholme Soltmer Syck West or south from thence lyeth Monsterhaven there standeth a church and there it is good rode for shippes that will goe up and downe the Liet From Bremerholme to Rootholme it is northnorthwest four leagues under Rootholme you may ancker at twentie fathome South from Rootholme the Soltmer river goeth out and reacheth southeast into the Sea there lyeth a high round hill upon the land of Bommel called Syck which sheweth like a hat thereby you knowe Bommel and Soltmer river for it lyeth right betweene them both when this hill Syck lyeth northeast from you then you are right before Bommelsond and north from Soltmer river it is high land but the land on the south side of Bommel is lowe land To sayle from Rootholme to Crabbekerck Crabberkerck first it is a league to sayle through the narrowe or strait northwest from Rootholme to Crabbekerck it is north and by west three leagues betweene them both lyeth the Reyne Knape The Reyne Knape which you may sayle about on both sides About south from Reyne Knape there reach two rivers into the Sea Papesond Stormsond namely Papesond Stormsond Papesond reaâ—heth southsouthwest into the Sea But if you will sayle out of Stormesond then goe along close by the land of Rootholme fouth and by east and leave all the broken Ilands and rockes with the great Iland on starborde till you come into Soltmer river there it goeth out into the Sea south and south and by west From the Narrowe or Strait of Rootholme to Reyne Knape it is a league distant but from Reyne Knape to Crabbekerck it is north and by east more then a league Bock upon the Ra. Cruys rivâ—r North DroÌ„mels From Crabbekerck to Bock upon the Ra or Bockliet the course is northwest and by north three leagues betweene them the Cruys river runneth into the Sea southwest Cruys river is a haven verie well to be knowne for against it there lye three hilles in the land as if they were the Drommels of Norwaie but they are not so high they are also called the north DroÌ„mels when those three hilles are northeast or thereabouts from you then you are open before the Cruys river By Bock upon the Ra you goe through the narrowe waie right north from Bock there lyeth a stone under the water whereon alwaies there standeth a beacon or a mast Watgestrome From Bock upon the Ra to the Watgestrome the course is north and somewhat westerlyer four leagues in Watgestrome it is good anckor ground to lye there upon the south side at four-and-twentie fathome In the Watgestrome the Liet reacheth northwest a league S. Oelofs holme to the Reesteen against it S. Oelofs holme lyeth by it you may goe out of the Ielte river about behinde Asland about northwest into the Sea when you come out of the Sea to goe into the Ielte river then you are right against Reesteene upon that Liet Reesteene Reesteen lyeth on the east side of the Liet right against the point whereon the two high hilles stand Lâ—torens which are called the Letoorens they are two high sharp hillocks which you may see farre off when you sayle up or downe the Liet in sayling up they lye most northnorthwest and north and by west from you Struys haven Berghen Harle Within Asland lyeth Struys haven and from thence to the towne of Berghen it is northnortheast two leagues The Iland of Harle is five leagues long you may goe about it on both sides when you come out of the north and come so into the Waghe of Berghen in Norwaie The Harlefoert goeth out about north and by west Harleford and northnorthwest betweene Asland and the land of Harle III. Of the Tyde or running of the Streames ON this coast of Norwaie from Neus to Berghen past Berghen as farr as Stadt the water riseth and falleth but holdes no certaine tydes But northward by Dronton the tyde beginneth to holde and to be ruled by the Moone IIII. How these Places are distant from each other FRom der Neus to the high land of Leest the course is northeast 3 leagues From der Neus to Fockstenes northwest about 7 leagues From the uttermost rock of Focksteenes to Ekesond north 4 leagues From Focksteenes to the south point of the Iedder northwest 7 leagues From the south point of the Iedder to the Vesteene northwest 5 leagues From the Vesteen to Sibrighsteen northeast 4 leagues From Vesteen to Schuytenes northnorthwest 5 leagues From Schuytenes to Sibrightsteene through within Whitingsey cast 5 leagues From Schuytenes to the Wtsiers w and w. by n. 4 leagues From Schuytenes to Bommels hooft northnorthwest and somewhat northerlyer 7 leagues From Bommels hooft to Cruysfoert n. n. w. 9 leagues From Cruysfoert to Harle northnorthwest 13 leagues The stretching of all reaches in the Liet from Schuytenes to Berghen you finde it in the Description of the Liet from point to point perfectly set downe From the Neus to the Wtsiers northwest 29 leagues From the Wtsiers to Ieltefoert or the Waghe of Berghen north and by west 26 leagues V. How these Lands are distant from other Lands IN the former Chapter I have shewed how all the places and chiefest points of all the north Seas are distant in breadth length from the Neus From Schuytenes to the Vlie south and by east and somewhat southerlyer 106 leagues From Schuytenes to the Texel south and south and by east 111 leagues From Schuytenes to Walcheren south 142 or 143 leagues From Schuytenes to the Holmes before Iarmouth south by west and somewhat westerlyer 112 or 113 leagues From Schuytenes to Flamborowe head southwest by south 105 or 106 leagues From Schuytenes to Tinmouth southwest 105 leagues From Schuytenes to Buquhamnesse west and by south and somewhat southerlyer 72 leagues From Schuytenes to Hitland west and by north and westnorthwest 67 leagues From Schuytenes to the north ende of Hitland westnorthwest and somewhat northerlyer 71 or 72 leagues From the Wtsiers to the Vlie s and by e. 103 or 104 leagues From the Wtsiers to the Wtweer rockes north and by west 40 leagues From Ielteforde or the Waghe of Berghen to Hitland west 48 leagues From Ielteford or the Waghe of Berghen to the north ende of Hitland west and west and by north 51 leagues VI. Of the heigth of these Countreyes ACcording to the writing of Lucas Iohnson Waghenaer these Lands lye under the heigths hereafter set downe The Neus lyeth under 57 degrees 48 minutes But my opinion is that it is not so much northerly for the reasons shewed in the Preface at the beginning of this Book The Iland of Schuytenes lyeth under 59 degrees The Waghe of Berghen lyeth under 60
altogether high shoring land but on the north side there are manie havens whereinto you may sayle and laye shippes at ancker as Somsond or Hest Hofwick Vroby Quaelby or Rane which are all wide rivers or havens A husbandman or Pilot will bring you into them all whensoever you will or neede From the northwest ende of Suydro to Mogghenesholme Mogghenesholme the westerlyest or uttermost Iland of Fero the course is northwest and by north and northnorthwest about eight or nine leagues At the east ende of Mogghenesholme lyeth Mogghenes and east from it lyeth the Iland Wage Wage East from Wage there runneth a faire river out of the southeast from the Iland Sando about Hesten and the Iland Kolster for you may goe about on both sides of these Ilands and leave the great Iland Stromo on the east side and so come into Waghe In the middle of the river or haven of Waghe there goeth a faire haven eastward up into the great Iland of Stromo therein you may ancker at tēne or twelve fathome but the haven is at least twentie fathome deepe Mogghenes and the northeast ende of Fero lye distant eastnortheast or a litle northerlyer and westsouthwest about sixteene leagues Betweene them both there lye tenne Ilands and betweene each Iland there is a faire deepe chanel or river wherof the fourth from Mogghenes is called Somsond Somsond all these chanels reach most northnorthwest and southsoutheast through the land and upon all those Ilands there stand churches except it be Ostra which never the lesse is a great Iland From the southeast ende of Suydro to Schalhooft or the southeast ende of the Iland Sando the course is north and by west about five leagues Betweene Suydro and Sando there lye the Ilands of Luttledymen Stoerdymen Schavo and Dalsfles From Schalhooft till you be within the Iland Mulso lying before Stromo the course is north and by west four leagues there you may ancker in everie place when you will at twentie thirtie or fortie fathome If you come out of the Sea and desire to finde a good rode under the Ilands of Fero you must hold the middlemost great Iland named Stromo northwest and northwest by west from you then in the middle of the Iland Stromo you shall see a high steepe hill called Schellinck Schellinck which you must sayle up unto then you shall come to the Iland Mulso aforesaid which is a lowe Iland which you may goe about on both sides but it is best to goe into it on the south ende and under this Iland it is all over good ancker ground Right over against this Iland on the great Iland lyeth Torshaven Torshaven the principall haven of Fero where all their trade of merchandise is used Eijgentlijcke afbeeldinghe vande Eijlanden Hitlandt anders Scotlandt Fulo en̄ Faijerhil naer hare rechte gelegentheijt ontworpen Vive pourtraicture des Jsles Hitlande autrement dict Schetlande Fulo et Feril selon leurs vraijes situations Carte marine des Jsles de Fero ou Farre montrant au vif la situation merveilleuse et entrervmpue desdictes Isles et tout ce qu' il ÿ a en les navigeant a eviter Pascaarte vande Eijlanden van Fero ofte Farre vertoonende nae't leven de wōderlijcke gebroockenheijt ende gestalte der selver en watmen in 't beseijlen vandien aldaer te schouwē heeft If you desire to sayle from Mulso into Somsond Somsond you must goe northeast and by north three leagues to the point of Bordenes then from Bordenes northeast then you shall see a church upon the Iland of Calso which you must leave on starborde goe in westnorthwest till you be in the bought of the Iland Ostro and there ancker at seventeene or eighteene fathome These Ilands of Fero lye in a Triangle forme from the southeast ende of Suydro to Fulo or the north ende of Fero it is northnortheast and southsouthwest one-and-twentie leagues II. The situation of Hitland THe southwest coast of Hitland that is from the southerlyest point to the northwest point reacheth northwest by north seven or eight leagues On the same northwest side right over against the Iland Fulo there lyeth a sandie Baye where you may ancker but on the east side of that Baye it is altogether foule From the northwest west point to the north ende the land of Hitland reacheth northeast and southwest about eighteene or nineteene leagues Three leagues north from the aforesaid west point lyeth the haven of S. Magnus S. Magnus haven which is a wide river and there is good ancker ground within it within it is sixteene or seventeene fathome deepe as you are farre within the land On the north side there lyeth a high rock from which you must goe in south and on the south side there lye two or three rockes which you must leave on starborde when you will sayle in Right east about the southeast point of Hitland there lyeth a faire sandie Baye where you may ancker at twelve or thirteene fathome and from thence to Hanglip Hanglip the course is northeast and somewhat easterlyer tenne or eleven leagues Betweene Hanglip and the south point there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle about on both sides and behinde it lyeth Hamburgher haven Hamburgher havē or the Scotish haven it is a lading place for the Hamburghers and Scottes it is also called Bremer haven There lyeth also a high steepe point south from Hanglip which you must goe by into the Breesond Breesond which is the principal haven of all Hitland for it is deepe and hath faire ground and there you lye safe against all windes North from Hanglip the land of Hitland reacheth north north and by east and northnortheast and lastly north and in some places you may sayle through Hitland specially north from Hanglip where there goeth a river northwest through it and it is a faire wide river and there in some places it is good ancker ground for such as knowe it and are forced to seeke it Frō Hanglip to the northeast point of Hitland it is northnortheast eleven leagues there lye some out-rocks which are called the Out-scheren From thence to the north point of Hitland it is north about four leagues Right about the north point there is a faire haven which runneth in southsouthwest which is all sandie ground On the west side there lyeth a long rock you must sayle in by it on the east side and ancker right within the haven it is all faire and good rode within it This haven is called Blomesond Blomesond and goeth in right west from the northeast point and first as I said reacheth in southsouthwest then south and south and by east on both sides it is good ancker ground you may there sayle cleane through and come through Iellesond into the Sea againe about the Iland Fetlo Thus Hitland sheweth when it is northwest and by west about four leagues from you
Thus Hitland sheweth between Hanglip and Hamburgher haven Bremerhaven Point of Breesond Hanglip Five leagues north from Hanglip the land sheweth thus when you are about a league from it and there Hitland runneth into a great bought with manie Ilands Thus Hanglip sheweth when it is northwest from you eight leagues When the north ende of Hitland is southeast and by east from you then it sheweth thus III. The situation of the Ilands Fayrhil and Fulo THe Iland of Fayrhil Fayrhil lyeth from the south ende of Hitland southsouthwest seven or eight leagues Fulo and Fayrhil lye distant northwest and by north and southeast and by south eleven leagues But Fulo Fulo lyeth about west and by north four leagues from the aforesaid south point of Hitland The south point of Hitland lyeth betweene Fulo and Fayrhil On the west side of Fayrhil in some places it is foule ground but on the southeast side it is good ancker ground where you may lye at rode Fayrhil and the east point of Orcanes lye distant from each other southwest and northeast When Fayrhil is west and by south four leagues from you it sheweth thus When Fayrhil is southeast and southeast and by east three or four leagues from you it sheweth thus Thus Fayrhil sheweth when it is five leagues southwest and by west from you When Fulo lyeth northnâ—rtheast from you four leagues it sheweth thus Thus the Iland Fulo sheweth when it lyeth northwest from you and then you may see it out of the top of the mast Thus Fulo sheweth when it lyeth five leagues eastnortheast from you IIII. Of the Tydes and running of the streames about these Ilands IN the Ilands of Fero a north and south moone maketh high water Under the Ilands of Fero there runneth a hard streame which commeth out of the west and westnorthwest and from the east and eastsoutheast and so falles through the Ilands so that you must there look unto it and reckon your Tydes well when you will sayle from one Iland to another for there the streame drives hard and there are two principal welles or Mael-streames Mael-streames the one on the southende of Suydro and the other a league within Schalhooft or Qualenes But although the streames runne so stifly through these Iles yet it floweth there hardly four foot In Hitland within the Rivers and havens a southsouthwest northnortheast moone maketh high water The streames there goe east and west about specially on the south and north endes of Hitland and so fall crosse through the rivers and havens V. How tbese Countreys are distant from each other and also from other Countreys FRom the north ende of Hitland to the south ende of Fero the course is west and west and by north 59 leagues From the south ende of Hitland to Fero it is westnorthwest northwest and by west 61 leagues Fâ—om the south ende of Hitland to the Iland Rona westsouthwest 47 leagues From the north ende of Hitland to the rockes of Rocol westsouthwest 127 or 128 leagues From the south ende of Fero to Rona s and by e. 45 or 46 leag From the south ende of Fero to Rocol southwest somewhat westerlyer 81 leagues From the Iland Fayrhil to the northeast ende of Orcanes southwest 10 or 11 leagues The Iland Fayrhil lyeth from the south ende of Hitland southsouthwest and south and by west 7 or 8 leagues From Hitland to the east point of Ysland northwest by west about 133 leagues In the thirteenth Chapter it is sufficiently shewed how these Ilands lye distant from the havens and Ilands of Norwaie both in breadth and length VI. Vnder what heigth these Countreys lye THe north ende of Fero lyeth under 62 degr 10 minutes The south ende of Fero lyeth under 61 deg 15 minutes The north ende of Hitland lyeth under 60 degr 45 min. The south ende of Hitland lyeth under 59 degrees 48 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 38. CHAPTER XVII A DESCRIPTION OF the Ilands lying behinde the Northwest point of Scotland I. The situation and names of the said Ilands WEst from Scotland and north from Ireland there lye manie Ilands whereof I will heere describe some in such manner as they are knowne at this day The names of the principall Ilands Names of the Ilands lying there are these Aren Ila Iona Mulla Bragedul Hun Iust Leeus S. Patricius S. Maria S. Colane S. Petous Epth and S. Kilda these are the greatest and principalest There are also some small Ilands as Rona Cheut Trauta Fladde Grand Melul Petit Melul Scalpan Cannay Rum Egghe Mule Cutte Carndenburgh Gronsay S. Karbo Lismont Swinoy Machare Gegay Caray and Naversay All these Ilands lye about belong to Scotland are those which by the Cosmographers are called Insulae Hebrides The Iland Barre or Rona Barre or Rona is the northerlyest Iland behinde Scotland it lyeth distant from Fulo about westsouthwest eight-and-thirtie or nine-and-thirtie leagues it lyeth by two other small Ilands more then a league each from other The Ilands of Leeus are distant from Rona southwest sixteene or seventeene leagues and from the north ende of Leeus to S. Kilda S. Kilda it is southwest and by west sixteene leagues Upon the east side of S. Kilda there is a good rode for a west and northwest winde this Iland lyeth by the other Ilands whereof two are not verie great on that which lyeth west you may see some houses standing and those small Ilands lye eleven leagues distant west from the great Iland of Leeus Upon the coast of Leeus there lye two faire great rockes as if they were Ilands they lye south and north and somewhat easterlyer and westerlyer from each other about seven or eight leagues The southerlyest lye by three Ilands but the northerlyest lye by eight small Ilands or rockes You must understand that the Iland of Leeus Leeus is divided into manie peeces through the which you may sayle to manie places Leeus with his Ilands reacheth southsouthwest and south and by west about 29 leagues But on the east side there is a great River or haven through of sixe or seven leagues You must sayle into it close by the Iland of Leeus about s s w. till you be before the Iland of Cheut From thence the river betweene the great Iland Bâ—agadul Leeus reacheth through south and south by west to the west ende of Leeus which is called the Epths Epths. and then you leave Mulla and Ila with manie other Ilands on the left hand Iona Ila Mulla and Bragedul Iona Ila Mulla Bragedul are four of the greatest Ilands that lye on the west coast of Scotland they lye close by the firme land but there are manie havens and rivers so that you may sayle in and round about them all Upon the northwest point of Ireland there lye also some Ilands which also you may sayle through and round about Betweene Rona and Orcanesse there lye also Ilands which
good haven you must sayle in westnorthwest through both the lands in the midle of the chanel then you must turne up north and ancker before the towne More then a league south from Monros there lyeth an out-point called Readhead Readhead on the land there standeth a high steeple called Albroed Albroed Four or five leagues south from thence lyeth the river of Donde Dunde or Dunday which also is a faire haven it goeth in betweene two high lands west and by north till you be before the towne Within upon the River there lyeth a town called S. Iohns S. Iohns which you may goe unto with a high water About southeast froÌ„ the River of Dunde almost two leagues there lyeth a great rock under the water whereon it raveleth continually it is called the Sheepe The Sheep if you come from the River of Edenburgh and will goe northward or if you come out of the north and will goe into the said river you must take heede of it Betweene the river of Dunde Fisnes or the north point of the creeke lyeth the creeke of S. Andrewes S. Andrewes where there is a good rode for a westerlie winde Thus the land of Scotland sheweth north from Aberdin when you sayle along by it three leagues from the land III. How you must sayle up the river to Edenburgh and the situation from thence to Coket Iland ABout a league south from Fisnes lyeth the Iland May The Iland May. it is a great Iland when you are in it but no man can gette upon it unles he be drawne up upon it in a carre or vessel if you will goe up the River you must goe about on the south side of May and leave the Ilands Bas and Heynkief on the left hand The Iland of Bas Bas. lyeth distant from May southwest and by south three leagues but from Bas to Heynkief or Inchkiet the course is west three leagues you must sayle north about Heynkief Heynkief for on the south side along to the firme land it is all full of rockes and verie foule ground From Heynkief to Lieth or Seton Lieth or Seton the course is south and by west three leagues there over all it is deepe ynough and there you may ancker on which side you will you have good rode in all places On the south side thereof lyeth Edenburgh Edenburgh the chief citie of Scotland From the Iland Bas to S. Abbenhooft or S. Tabs head S. Tabs-head the course is east five leagues and from S. Abbenhead to the uttermost ende of Schassen it is southeast seven or eight leagues To goe through within the Schassen The Schassen place the castle of Bamburgh or Badenburgh right over against the steeple of Denstenburgh and sayle up upon it then you goe through betweene the Ploegh and Goldstone Ploegh Goldstone which are two rockes lying between the Schassen and Holie Iland which lye even almost with the water The Schassen reach northeast into the Sea three leagues from the land and north from them lyeth the Holie Iland Holie IlaÌ„d or Land South from the Holie Iland there is a Creeke wherein you lye safe against all windes and against the castle is the best rode To sayle into Barwick Barwick comming out of the south you must sayle westnorthwest from the north point of Holie Iland till you come before the haven there you shall see two beacons you must sayle in betweene theÌ„ both so forward between the two â—oints in the middle of the chanel right before the towne From the Schassen to Coket Iland the course is southsoutheast eight or nine leagues There a man may sayle round about and ancker at four fathome There abouts also there runne manie litle rivers into the land but at lowe water they are most of them drie IIII. What Moone in these places maketh high water and of the falling and running of the streames AT Orcanes and Buquhamnesse a southwest and northeast moone maketh high water In the haven of Lieth a southwest and by west moone maketh a high water The streames come behinde Scotland from the west and so fall through betweene Orcanes and Fayrhil and there a southwest and northeast moone maketh high water From Bokenesse to Lieth the flood falleth south and north along by the land And from Lieth along by the Schassen and Coket Iland southsoutheast In this chanel it is 40 50 and 60 fathome deepe and at 45 50 fathome a man may see the land In this chanel the first herrings are yeerely taken V. How these Countreys lye distant from each other FRom Cattenes to the Iland Hoy w. n. w. 5 leagues From Catenes to C. Terbate s w. and by s 15 or 16 leag From the haven of Ros or Luvernes to the point of Elgin east and by north and somewhat northerlyer 7 leagues From the point of Elgin to Spilort east 1â— leagues From Spilort or Philort to Boeckenes s s e. 3 leagues From Catenes to Boeckenes s e. and by s 21 leagues From Boeckenes to Aberdin s s w 12 or 13 leagues From Stonebay to Monros s w. and by s 4 leagues From Monros to Readhead south 3 leagues From Dunde to Fisnes southsoutheast 5 leagues From Fisnes to the Iland May southwest 1 league From May to the Iland Bas s w. and by s 3 leagues From Bas to Heinkief west 3 leagues From Heinkief to Lieth or Zeton s and by w. 3 leagues From Bas to Abenhooft or Tabs head west 4 or 5 leagues From May to Tabs head s e. and by e. about 4 leagues From Tabs head to Barwick southsoutheast 5 leagues From Cattenes to Boeckenes s e. and s e. by s 21 leagues From Boeckenes to Lieth in Scotland s s w. 33 leagues From Fisnes to S. Tabs head s e. and by s 4 leagues From S. Tabs head to the Schassen southeast 8 or 9 leagues VI. How these Lands are distant from other points and places FRom Boeckenes to the uttermost Iland of Orcanes north and north and by west 32 or 33 leagues From Boeckenes to der Neus east and somewhat southerly 88 or 90 leagues From Boeckenes to the Texel southeast and somewhat southerlyer 118 leagues From Lieth to der Neus e. n e. somewhat easterlyer 103 leag From Schassen to the Teese southsoutheast 21 leagues From Schassen to Flamborowe head southeast and somewhat southerlyer 29 leagues FroÌ„ Aberdin to the haven of Yarmouth s e. by s 93 leagues Vnder what heigth these Countreys lye THe greatest uttermost Iland of Orcanes lyeth under 59 degrees 8 minutes Catenes lyeth under 58 degrees 32 minutes Boeckenes lyeth under 57 degrees 50 minutes S. Tabs head lyeth under 56 degrees 12 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 40. CHAPTER XIX A DESCRIPTION OF the North coast of England from north of Newcastle to Yarmouth I. How a man shall sayle into the River of Newcastle and into the
there on them it is but two fathome water at half flood and it is stonie ground Without the Sand of Harwich five leagues from the Nase it is twentie and two-and-twentie fathome deepe and thâ—re you may see the land Five or sixe leagues north and by east and northnortheast from the Foreland or from Margat there lyeth a banck called Kintersknock it is three fathome deepe being there you may see the land just upon the hatches Five leagues northward froÌ„ this banck it is twentie fathome deepe Without Goodwin sands it is eight-and-twentie nine-and-twentie fathome deepe and you may see the land of Dover and the Foreland but goe no nearer to Goodwin sands by night then sixteene fathome In the middle betweene the Heads it is two-and-twentie and three-and-twentie fathome deepe VIII How these Lands and Places are distant each from other FRoÌ„ Yarmouth to Leystaf within the baÌ„ks it is s 5 leagues From Leystaf to Abre or Orfordnes s 10 or 11 leagues From Abre to Abreknock e. s e. more then a league From Orfordnes to the Nase southwest 8 league From Orfordnes to the Galper s s e. 10 or 11 leagues From Orfordnes to Kinterknock south by west 16 leagues From the Nase to the Foreland south and somewhat easterlyer 13 leagues From Kinters knock to the Foreland s s w. about 7 leagues From the Foreland to the north ende of Goodwin sands southeast and by east 1 lâ—ague The point of Dover and the south ende of Goodwin sands lye distant southwest and northeast IX How these Places are situate from other Countreys FRom Yarmouth or Leystaf to the Texel or Marsdeepe east and east and by north 33 or 34 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaf to the Mase eastsoutheast and somewhat southerlyer 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaf to Walcheren or the Wielings southeast and southeast and by east about 34 or 40 leagues From Orfordnes or the Nase to Texel e. n. e. 37 leagues From the Nase or Harwich to the Mase east west 29 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or Marsdeepe n. e. 45 leagues From the Foreland or Goodwin sands to the Mase eastnortheast and somewhat easterlyer 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Wielings east and somewhat northerly about 26 leagues From Dover or the Heads to the Texel or Marsdeepe northeast and somewhat northerlyer 53 or 54 leagues From Dover to the Mase or Goree n. e. and by e. 35 leagues From Dover to the Wielings eastnortheast 26 leagues From the Heads to der Neus in Norwaie north and by east 153 leagues From the Heads to the Rif the course is n. n. e. 120 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Lands lye as writings do witnesse YArmouth lyeth under 52 degrees 52 minutes Orfordnes lyeth under 52 degrees 12 minutes The Foreland lyeth under 51 degrees 35 minutes Dover lyeth under 51 degrees 12 minutes Ende of the second Book A table of the second Book shewing the Contents of everie Chapter Chap. I. Drscribeth the situation of all the Ilands and Chanels in the Sea that lye betweene the Iland of Vlieland and the Elve Also of the Iland of Holie land pag. 3. Chap. II. Describeth the Sea-coasts of Iutland and the Iuttish Ilands lying betweene the Elve and the Rifhorne pag. 19. Chap. III. Declareth the situation of the Iuttish Coasts from the Dead hil to Schaghen pag. 26. Chap. IIII. Describeth the Belt Wedersond and Melversond Item the Ilands lying there abouts pag. 31. Chap. V. How you shall sayle forward through the Belt to Femeren and along the Coasts of Holsten Item along the Coasts of Mekelenburgh and Pomeren to Bornholme and along the Ilands of Laland Falster and Meun to Falsterbon pag. 36. Chap. VI. Describeth the Sea-coasts of Pomeren Prussia from Kolberghen to Memle pag. 42. Chap. VII Describeth the Sea-coasts Ilands Havens Rivers and Creeks of Coerland which are situate betweene Memle and Revle pag. 46. Chap. VIII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Lifland Russia and Finland from Revle to der Narve and Wyborgh and from thence to the Alands Haf pag. 53. Chap. IX Describeth tbe situation of the Sea-coasts of Sweathland which lye betweene Stockholme and Falsterbon also from Gotland Oeland and other Ilands there about pag. 57. Chap. X. Describeth the Sea-coasts of Schoonen Zeeland and the Northeast-land pag. 63. Chap. XI A description of the Sea-coasts of Norwaie from Masterland to der Neus pag. 71. Chap. XII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Norwaie from der Neus to Bergen pag. 77. Chap. XIII A description of Bergen or Ielteford to the North cape pag. 81. Chap. XIIII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Lapland from the North-cape to the Mouth of the White Sea pag. 90. Chap. XV. Describeth the Coasts of Russia Corellen and Lapland which lye by the White sea pag. 95. Chap. XVI Describeth the situation of the Ilands of Fero Item of Hitland Fulo and Fayrhil pag. 100. Chap. XVII Describeth the Ilands which lye behinde the northwest point of Scotland pag. 104. Chap. XVIII A description of the Ilands of Orcanes or Orcades with the Sea-coasts of Scotland pag. 106. Chap. XIX Describeth the North-coasts of England from north of Newcastle to Yarmouth pag. 109. Chap. XX. Declareth the situation of the English coasts betwixt Yarmouth and the Foreland Item of the River of London pag. 114. The ende of the Table
Steeple of Zuyderwou commeth even with Kinnigherbuert which are the houses that stand half way between Schyteldoecks haven Diergerdam then goe eastward to the Land untill the New church of Amsterdam joynes with Diergerdam keepe the New-church standing so until the church of Weesp is even with the house of Muyen Markes of the deepest water of Pampus if that the church of Muyen standeth nearer then the house kepe Weesp standing so until you see Edam without the east ende of Marcken In this chanel it is almost a foot deeper then if you sayle right through But to shunne Muyer-sand Mariners were woont to bring the houses that were woont to stand upon Tyort southward of the Heyliger-stee of Amsterdam there by a man may make some gesse Markes of Muydersand and they are good long-markes but when Monnikedam is about the west ende of Schiteldoecks haven and the house of Muyen between Weesp and Muyen church then you are against Muydersand But to sayle right through over Pampus you must keepe Diemer steeple above or against the point of Tyort as long as you may see Tyort for that is a right longmarke to sayle over Pampus When you are right against the east ende of Marken then you must goe northeast and somewhat more easterly to the fall of Urck which is almost seven leagues from thence but when you come within a league of Urck then you come to a hard sand called Houtrib which stretcheth southeast and northwest crosse over the water which hath no moore water upon it then is upon the flattes of Wieringen or Vriesland so that you can finde no deeper water upon it then right through Markes of the Houtrib When Enchuysen is northwest northwest-by-west from you then you are upon the Houtrib when Urck lyeth more northerly then northeast from you that you finde Sand that is certainly the Houtrib for you can not sayle so by Enchuysen sand you are not at Enchuysen sand before that Urck church is southward of the buert of houses that stand upon Urck or when the walles of the old church stand right against the middle of the buert then you are about Enchuysen sand Markes of Enchuysen sand then sayle northwest by west til Medenblick commeth without the point of Ven then goe west-north-west to the tonne upon Hofstede Betweene Urck and the Hofstede tonne there lyeth a flatt of hard sand reaching to the ende of Enchuysen sand The flatto betweene Vrck and Hofstede which is no deeper then the Vries-flatt eastward about is the deepest water on the west side which by some men is called Cat-gat you are sooner about the High-horne or Enchuysen sand and it is good for ships that goe not deep when Enchuysen steeple is southwest or more westerly from you then you are upon the flatte The Crosse-markes of the tonnes both upon the Creupel Hofstede are Grootebroeck and Hem Markes of the tonnes betweene Hofstede and the Cripple which are two sharp steeples comming right over against each other then also if a sharp steeple called Warnes cōmeth on the south-side of Stavern clif then you have the length of these tonnes which lye both at 3 fathome the one upon the east banck the other upon the point of the Creupel the right chanel is here 4 fathomes and an half soft ground Markes of Cripple-sand When the steeple of Medenblick is northward of Medenblick howse as farr as the breadth of the house then you have gone by and past Creupel sand then goe to the tonne that lyeth by Kreil north-west north-west-by-north-west-by-north as the winde the streame is the right Chanel here is scarse 5 fathome But when you come against the Kreil in sayling out or about the Kreil sayling in there lyeth right within the Kreil on the north side a hard sand or flatte called South-Kreil which reacheth along towards the tonne at the Hofstede there at a lowe water it is but 9 foot deep but between this banck the north wal it is 3 fathome deepe soft ground and south or west it is 4 fathome and an half deepe Markes of the flattes betweene the Kreil the Hofstede The markes of this flatt are when Mirnes a flat steeple in Friesland is right over a long Land-house which standeth southward from Stavern church then you are right against the said flatt But the markes of the tonne that lyeth before Kreil are tehse when the sharp steeple of Twisch which standeth westward from Memelick is right against the Corne-mill that standeth westward from Memelick Markes of the ton at the Creil and when the flatte Steeple of Mirnes is against the south side or east side of the Clif then you are at the tonne which lyeth at the Kreil and the Chanell is there 4 fathome and an half and 5 fathome soft ground But the tōne lyeth upon 4 fathome and when necessitie compelleth you you may sayle a cables length eastward about then from the tonne at the Kreil to the tonne at the Freese Plact the course is north and by east when Twisck is right north from Memelick then keepe the steeple standing so as long as you can see it so you shall not sayle upon any shallowes betweene the Plaet and the Kreil Betweene the tonne at the Kreil and the Freese Plaet on the west shore there lyeth a hard sand called Monicksand Monicsād which you may shunne well when you are some what out of the way but when you are about the Kreil then you must goe north by east right through over the point of Breesand to the tonne lying west from Worcum with a ship that draweth not much water but the right Chanell is deeper as followeth If you sayle with a ship that draweth much water over the Frees-flatte then set the flat steeple of Pandraghen standing west of Worcum so Markes of the ton at the Frees-plaet that it may stād west from the houses that lye westward from Worcum that is a good Long-marke for the tonne that lyeth at the Frees-Plaet If you have a ship that draweth much water then goe eastward of the tonne about the Freese Plate for there is more water then westward When Warnes Mirnes are right over against each other northward from Stavern then you have the length of this tonne and when you are past this tonne then goe north-north-east so long till Pandraghen commeth betweene the buert of houses and Voorwold if then the Cliffe standeth right upon Stavern there you have the deepest water upon the dryest place of the flatte Deepest water at the Vlack then goe some what more northerly to the tonne that lyeth at the bought for eastward of this tōne it is al flatt water to Freesland The Long-marks of this Tōne at the bought are Markes of the tonne at the bocht when Pandraghen is right against Voorwolde which is a steeple that stādeth westward from Worcum on the water
side you may sayle by this tonne on the east side and if you have a ship that draweth much water then you must goe close west by the tonne that you may not sayle by the point of Breesand which commeth from the west banck These are the Markes of the deepest water upon the dryest part of the flatt when the Newland which is a sharp steeple standing by Bolsweert commeth betweene Voorwold aforesaid and the aforesaid village or buert of houses Markes of the deepest water on the Flat the old Crosse-markes of the tonne at the bought are Mirnes Molqueren Hemelum and some long buert of houses when these four stand together then you have the length of this tonne which lyeth upon 14 foot and between these two tonnes that is the tonne at the Frees-plact and that at the bought is the dryest of the flatte Now when the tonne at the bought is sidewaies on you then goe north and by west and some what more westerly to the tonne lying west from Worcum which lyeth upon these markes Markes of the ton be-west Worcum There standeth a sharp steeple farre within the Land called Harich when it is right over certaine buert-houses which lye northward of Hinloopen called Dertwisch there this tonne lyeth upon the east wall at 16 foot low water the right depth there against it is full 3 fathome The old markes are two villages nearest to Mackum which stand north-east from you come through each other and stand upon the water side and when they are a litle through each other then you shall see two litle steeples some what northerly from Bolsweert which come within verie litle one hard by the other in manner as the other stand separated that stand upon the water side the one is called Idsega houses The Cros-marks are these Crosse-markes there standeth a high house on the east ende of Condom which commeth within a windbomes length neere to the south ende of Hinlopen and when that house commeth on the south ende of Hinlopen thē you are to near the cast banck and when it standeth the length of a cable or more from Hinlopen then you are to neare to the west shore these are the markes of the tonne at west from Worcum From thence to the tonne at Iglepoint the course is north the markes thereof are these there standeth a sharp steeple called Lutgeest with a long village crosse from you when that steeple is within the innermost gap of the long village Markes of the ton at Iglehooke then you are against the tonne and that is a good crosse marke but the long-markes are when the sharp steeple of Pingom is right against the flat steeple of Corenwaert standing upon the water side and Pandraghen is right against a litle house which standeth northward from the village with the gap or when the milles of Stavern stand betweene the towne and the bulwarke of Stavern these are all good Long-markes of the tonne at Igelhooke and this tonne when you sayle outward may be sayled by on the east side and so you may come northward of the middle ground againe into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships From Iglehooke to the Middle ground the course is north south the right depth in the Middle ground is 7 fathome but in the chanell betweene west of Worcum and the Middle ground it is 4 fathome deepe good ground Markes of the boye at the Middlegroūd and the east wall is flat and the west is shoring The tonne of the middle ground lyeth upon these markes when the two sharp steeples which stand northeast or there aboutes from you that is Arum Pingom are both one against the other then you have the length of this tonne or when Bolswert is right north with a house that standeth north from Mackum these are good Crosse-markes of the middle ground Long-markes are these when Kinswaert that is the Looper is right behinde Surich church then you are right in the chanell This Surich church standeth on the water side upon a point of land about northeast and by north from you or when the flat steeple of Wynaldum or Wynaem which standeth north from Harlinghen sheweth betweene Mildum Harlinghen then you are right in the middle ground and unto which side Winaldum standeth nearest unto that shore are you nearest Wynaldum must stand betweene the east ende of Harlinghen and Mildum but Mildum nearest this is a right Long-marke The right chanel in Middlegrond is 7 fathome as aforesaid and both the sides or grounds are shoring When you are through the Middleground will sayle outward to the Vlie you must not sayle by any pointes of sand on the west along to Monick Slot Middle plaet but you must not goe nearer to the west shore betweene the Middle ground and Swanebalgh then three fathome deepe and from Swanebalgh forward going outward you must not goe nearer then 4 fathome and you must be diligent to cast out your lead specially when you come against Schieringshals but whē you come out of the Sea homewards you may sayle under the west shore as it shall hereafter be declared When you come in out of the Sea you may sayle by the ton that lyeth at the Middleground for there is a flatte called Middle flatte which you may sayle eastward about and so come southward of the ton to Iglehooke again into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships Dominicus plaet this Middle plaet lyeth on the east shore on the west shore also you sayle by a flat called Dominicus flatte before you come to the Middle ground which is also called the point of the Waert or Doode balgh upon it there standeth a rowe of beakons northward from this Flatte there is a good Rode right over against the tonne at Swanebalgh for there you have shallowe water and litle streames When you are past the tonne or boye of Middle ground Markes of the ton at Swanbalgh then goe n. n. w. to the tonne at Swanebalgh The Crosse-markes of this tonne are when Bolswaert is right over a smale short house which standeth southward of Cornwaert then you have the length of this tonne and here you may sayle by a point of sand when you goe outward This tonne lyeth at 3 fathome on the east wall on the west wall you may cast out your lead and finde 4 fathome water all along to Schieringshals When you are inward then keepe on the cast shore with a fore-flood Markes of the long reach for it would draw you into this shelf before you were aware of it The markes to sayle along by this long reach are these you may see Mackum with a mill on the waterside which lyeth southeast from you southward from Mackum there is a village with a flatte steeple called Idsegahuysen Now when Pandraghen cōmeth betweene Mackum and this village you neede not feare the point of sand or Doodebaigh but
the Veere it is full Sea with a south and by west and a north and by east moone Before Ramekens Armue a s s w. moone makes a ful Sea Before the Briel a southwest and northeast moone Before Delfs haven a w. s w. moone maketh full Sea Before Rotterdam a s w by s moone maketh high water Before Marsdeepe an east west moone maketh full Sea Before Tessel at Copevaerders Rode an e. s e. and w. n. w. moone maketh high water Vpon Wieringer Flat it is high water with a s e. moone XVII Of the depths against these places and at what depths a man may see the land BEtweene the Marsdeepe the Heads in the right chanel it is 23 or 24 fathome deepe but cōming by Goodwin or about the Foreland it is 26 28 and 30 fathome deepe the nearer Goodwin the deeper water Right without the Flemish banckes it is 18 19 20 fathome deepe Betweene the Breadth-fourteen and the land it is deepe 19 fathome as soone as it is 16 or 17 fathome then you begin to see the land upō the Breadth-fourteene it is 14 fathome deepe The high steeples of Holland and West Vreesland are seene sooner then the downes as Egmont upon the Sea the steeples of Egmont within Wyck upon the Sea Sandvoord and other steeples and then you are about 5 leagues from the land and then it is 14 or 15 fathome deepe But Camper downes and the downes against Hhaerlem are seene before some steeples now most of the steeples are flatte except Scheveling and Sandvoort Before the Mase and Goree you may see land at 14 or 15 fathome You may see Sealand frō the poope of the ship at 16 fathom You may see Flanders at 15 or 16 fathome and then you are within the tayle of the Flemish banckes The Clif of Calis the point of Dover may be seene when you are before the Heads at 24 fathome XVIII How these places lye one from another FRom Tessel to Petten south by west 4 leagues From Petten to Egmont s s west 4 leagues From Egmont to the Mase south south w. 15 leagues From the land of Vooren to Goree southwest 2 leagues From Goree to the land of Schouwen south w. 2 leagues From the land of Schouwen to Walcheren south w. 4 leagues From Flushing to Blanckenhergh w. s w. 10 leagues From Blanckenbergh to Ostende s w. by west 2 leagues From Ostende to Newport west southwest 3 leagues From Newport to Duynkerck west south west 5 leagues From Duynkerck to Greveling west south west 4 leagues From Greveling to Calis w. s w. 4 leagues From Calis to Calis Cliffe southwest and by west 1 league XIX How these places lye distant from other countries FRom Tessel to Bornriffe the course southwest northeast about 12 leagues From Tessel to the Mase the course s s w. 24 leagues From the Mase to Kaybanck the course s w. n. e. 18 leagues From Tessel to Pas of Calis southwest somewhat more southerlyer n. e. and somewhat more northerlyer 52 leagues Calis lyeth s w. by south from Tessel then you come upon the Flemish bancks and the Foreland lyeth s w. from Tessel then you come upon Goodwin or Querens Therefore everie man must be verie warie and take heede thereof The Flemish Banckes may be sounded with the lead at 15 16 fathome and the chanel is 24 25 fathome deepe But Goodwin is steepe and uneven for at one casting of the lead you have 26 fathome and at another cast of the lead you shall be fast upon the Sand the south ende of Goodwin you may sound at 15 and 16 fathome From Tessel or Marsdeepe to Calis Cliffe s w. by s 52 leagues From Tessel to the Foreland southwest 47 leagues From Tessel to Orfordnesse west-south-west 36 leagues From Tessel to Yarmouth west w. by s 32 leagues From Tessel to Schilt or Crammer west 40 leagues From Tessel or Marsdeepe to Flamborough-head w.n.w. 60 le From Marsdeepe to Lieth in Schotland northwest and by west and somewhat more northerlyer 100 leagues From Marsdeepe to Newcastle w. n. w. and somewhat northherlyer 81 leagues From Tessel to Bokenes n. w and n. w. by n. 118 leagues From Marsdeepe to Aberdyne northwest and somewhat northerlyer 113 leagues From Marsdeep to Lieth of Bergen in Norwaie n. 117 leagues Frō Marsdeepe to the northende of Hitland n.n.w. 160 leagues Then you fall about five leagues eastward of the land From Marsdeepe to the Neuse n. and by e. 93 leagues From the Mase to Nase e. and by w. 29 leagues From the Mase or Goree to Dover s w. and by w. 36 leagues From Flushing to the Foreland east and west somewhat southerlyer 24 leagues From the Wielings to Dover w. s w. 24 leagues Out of Pas de Calis to the Riffe n. n. east 120 leagues From Calis Cliffe to the Neuse in Norwaie n. by e. 153 leag XX. Vnder what degrees these places be HUysduynen lyeth just under 53 degrees sayle east out of the North Sea and you shall see it The north cape or point of the Mase lyeth under 52 deg you shall sayle by it when you sayle east under this heigth Flushing Ramekens and Westchappel lye under 51½ degrees under this heigth are east from you The Pas of Calis Dover lye under 51 degrees 12 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 3. CHAPTER III. A DECLARATION HOVV a man shall sayle all the Sea-coasts and Havens of Picardie and Normandie betweene Calis and Cape de la Hague And What Banckes Sandes Cliffes or Rockes and Shallowes are there to be found and how you may shunne them I. To sayle from Calis to Diepen IN the middle of the Heads betweene Calis and Dover lyeth the banck of Vrouwesand Vrouwesandt of 5 6 7 and 8 fathome deepe the shallowest or dryest part of Vrouwesand lyeth about west by south from Calis Cliffe south and south by west from Dover where it is dryest and no deeper then 4 fathome This banck aforesaid reacheth along the land of Swartenesse and lyeth nearest to the French side it is at least 4 leagues long on both sides of this banck both on the east and west sides it is 20 and 21 fathome deepe Crosse from the west-head of Calis there lyeth a banck of 2 fathome you may sayle betweene the head or Mayeland this banck at 3 fathome with half flood you may anckor under Calis Cliffe Rode to anckor under Calis Cliffe at the east ende at 10 fathome water but at the west-ende of Calis Cliffe there lyeth a Rocke under the water the length of a Culver shot from the land The high land betweene Calis and Swartenesse is called Calis Cliffe A league an half southward from Calis lyeth Swartenesse Swartenes which is a foule point lying out by the which there lyeth certaine Rockes you cannot anckor there for the ground in that place is
where with lowe water it is five fathome deepe But if you will put into S. Pauls de Lyon S. Paul de Lion then sayle to the great rock with the two hornes or saddle and sayle close along by the rock when you have gotten about the rock then chuse your land there lyeth a village upon the land called Plainpoul Plainpoul sayle to it for there eastward the river goeth in These are all tyde-havens but betweene the rock of Morlions and the Iland called Bas it is deep ynough at lowe water to hide a shippe IIII. The situation of the land between S. Paul de Lyon and Heysant TO knowe the land of S. Paul you must understand that it is dubble land and that there stand two speere steeples upon the church and upon the Iland de Bas there stand two stakes up like unto milles it lyeth crosse before them This Iland at the east ende hath a high craggie rock and when you are east from this rock then you may see two speere steeples standing a litle the one from the other which are the steeples of Plainpoul you shal also see the castle of Morlaix lying southeast from you upon a high rock The aforesaid uttermost craggie rock of Morlaix lyeth from the point of the Iland de Bas east and east and by south 4 or 5 leagues you may runne along betweene the firme land these rockes to Seven Ilands and in many places it is good anckor ground for they are all great creekes and betweene the rockes of Morlions and the Iland de Bas it is deepe ynough at a lowe water to hide a ship you may goe in on both sides of the Iland de Bas at 7 or 8 fathome with a lowe water and anckor where you will Thus the land of S. Paul sheweth it self to the Four toe when you sayle along by it four leagues from the land S. Paul de Lyon Obrevrack Le Four Behinde the Ile de Bas lyeth the towne of Roscou which hath manie great shippes because the water is deepe there To goe into the east chanel East chanel when you are past the high rock and come against the point of the firme land you must goe in betweene it and the Ile de Bas about west and west by south and anckor at half waie the lowe Iland de Bas at 8 or 9 fathome then you lye in the haven of Roscou To goe into the west chanel West have or chanel which goeth in by the land of Voert you shall see two great long rockes lying westward close by the firme land and from the point of the land right east of the easterlyest long rock there goeth a Sand off from the firme land which is the west side of the west haven of Roscou which runneth in by the west ende of Isle de Bas about southeast and when you are within then turne northeast up under the Iland there is the best Rode then Roscou will lye south and south by east from you It is from the Iland de Bas to Voert or Bacovens w. s w. w. by s about 13 leagues But from Roscou to Abbewrack Abewrack it is almost 7 leagues About northwest a league without the rockes of Abbewrack lyeth a rowe of rockes under the water therefore those that put by night out of Voert or that will laveere to the Four must goe no nearer to the land of Abbewrack then 4.5 fathome To knowe the land about the Voert there lyeth many white peeces of land as if they were Sandbayes along to the Voert many long rockes like as if they were villages and upon the land you may see some houses standing whereby this land is well to be knowne La Four and Heysant are distant almost 3 leagues west-south west and east-northeast V. To sayle betweene the Voert and Heysant through Conquet Fontenay Also the situation of al Creekes Havens and Rodes lying there aboutes THe Voert or Backovens Bacovens in French called le Four Le Four is knowen by manie out rockes which stand like black villages and in the firme land there are manie Sandbayes And you shall knowe Heysand Heysant for that at the south ende it goeth most part sloping downe and in the middle you see a small flatte steeple as the figure enseuing shewe you Thus Heysant sheweth it self when it is s by e. froÌ„ you about 4 leagues Thus Heysant sheweth it self when it is s e. from you about 4 leagues When Heysant is e. n. e. from you about three leagues it sheweth thus Heysant three or four leagues n. n. w. from you sheweth thus From the Four to S. Mathewes S. Mathewes point it is s s e. 4 leagues He that will sayle to Voert he must runne close by the land of Voert or le Four there lye rockes like black villages or houses along by the land behinde them are manie white Sandbayes as I have said before shewing how to know the land sayle close along by the rockes til you come to the point Upon the point there lye also two rowes of small rockes which you may passe along by at half the length of a peeces shot or the length of two cables and when you are about the point you shall see three heapes of rockes lying each a quarter of a league from the other sayle along close by them because of the north Hagles which lye betweene Heysant and the Four When you are against the middlemost heape of rockes then hold S. Mathewes Closter under the point of Conquets-ort or corner sayle right upon it untill you be close upon the point without turning farre from it because of the Bellaert which lyeth crosse over about two cables length from the said point and with a spring tide is above water And when you are by Conquets-ort or corner runne a cables length along by the same until you see the haven open Conquet but take good heed of the Fenestiers Fenestiers which lye a cables length from the land on the east point or side of Conquets haven Pascaarte vande ZeecusteÌ„ enÌ„ landeÌ„ van Normandie enÌ„ Bretaigne tusschen de Cabo de Hagu westwaert tot om Heijssant enÌ„ de Zeijins vertoonenÌ„ de wonderlijcke gebroocken landeÌ„ menichte vaÌ„ EijlandeÌ„ enÌ„ clippeÌ„ aen die gewesteÌ„ gelegheÌ„ hoemeÌ„ die beseijlen sal enÌ„ wat meÌ„ te schouweÌ„ heeft alles gestelt op sijne rechte streckingen distantien enÌ„ hoochten Carte marine des Costes de Normandie et Bretaigne entre le Cap de Hagu vers ouest uisques a Heysant et les Seems monstrant au vif les terres merveilleâ—ses et entrerompues la multitude des isles guez et escueils situez ausdictes endroicts comment le tout on navigera et dequoij on sc gardern le tout mis selon ses vrâ—ijes routes distaÌ„ces et elevations ou haulteurs du Pole When Halman which is a high
rock lying at the east ende of Heysant is over against the northwest ende of the northerlyest Cheminees or Kimmenesses then you are against the Hagles Halman Markes of the Hagles He that will sayle into Breest water Breest water must understand that about a league eastward of S. Mathewes point there lyeth a rock which he must shunne To sayle into Breest water from S. Mathewes point goe e. s e. and keepe the north ende of the southerlyest Kiminesses without S. Mathewes point so long untill that the mille upon the north land is north from the trees then sayle southward by the rock and so you cannot erre You may sayle within two cables length along by the north land untill that Breest is without the point then sayle up to it Or if you will sayle otherwise into Breest water northward of the rock aforesaid which lyeth about a league within S. Mathewes point right against Bartrams Baye then keepe the north land wel and hold the southerlyest Kimmenesse covered behinde the great rock which lyeth off from S. Mathewes point and so sayle upon the west point of Bartrams Baye untill that the mill which standeth upon the north land be n. w. by n. and the trees n.n.w. frō you then you are past the stone But it is best to goe southward by the stone it lyeth about half a peece shot frō the north land If you will goe into the haven of Breest then sayle most part along by the north land so long till that you come upon the point of Breest When the south point of Breest water is right against the point of Croduin Baghin rockes then you are against Baghin which are a rowe of rockes lying in the mouth of Breest water about two cables length from the north side at a lowe water are seene being there within you may turne up eastward or southward before the rivers of Landerneau or Lefou anckor there against the south land at 10 12 and 13 fathome before the litle towne called old Croduyn Breest water for the most part reacheth in east-northeast there it floweth everie tyde three fathome up and downe and a southwest by west and northeast by north moone there maketh a high water He that lyeth within Breest must paye about twelve pence for anckor mony Croixduin for that you have a bill to signifie that you are free there so that if you lose your shippe upon the coast of Britanie you might there freely lay hold on your goods otherwise it is not free there you lye at anckor in the Sea at 8 or 9 fathome and at land your ship is made fast with a rope at a tree To sayle from S. Mathewes point to Claesduinen or Croduin keepe the southerlyest Kimmenesses without the Blanck Moines goe forward e. s.e untill you come to the west point of Claesduynen and when you are about the point and may see the Baye open then you shall see a church stand upō a peece of land distant from the maine runne up to it and anckor about the church at 6 or 7 fathome Croduin is a great Creeke lyeth almost 3 leagues distant from S. Mathewes point right over against Croduin lyeth Bartrams Baye Bartrams baye there you may anckor safe against a north and n. w. winde at 10 or 11 fathome The Cheminees Cheminees or Kimmenesses lye southward from Heysant and westward from S. Mathewes point betweene the Kimmenesses and Heysant a ship that will may well sayle through it is there 6 or 7 fathome deepe with lowe water If a man by reason of the flood cannot sayle above Heysant and the Cheminees he may well sayle through between them as I said before it is there broad and deepe ynough the chanel reacheth about n. e. s w. going in the middle of the water you cānot erre He that will sayle over the Trave from S. Mathewes point to the Emperor Emperesse must have good regard to the rockes which lye betweene them The Colengier Colengier lyeth from S. Mathewes point s s e. almost two leagues The Henne with her Chickens Henne with her Chickens and the middlemost Foukenesses lye from S. Mathewes point s e by e. almost 2 leagues The Foukenesses lye from the west point of Croduyn about w. s w. almost half a league The southerlyest Foukenesse Foukenesses lyeth from the northerlyest half a league or two shootes of a peece and at a high water it is covered and n. n. e. a cables length from it there lyeth a blinde rock which at alowe water is also seene The said southerlyest Foukenesse lyeth southwest by south from Croixduin There lyeth also another blinde rock westward from the northerlyest Foukenes which also at a lowe water is uncovered The Henne lyeth w. s w. a peeces shot an half from Foukenesse it is a round sharp rock which round about is deepe and faire at 6 7 fathome The Chickens The Chickens lye a bases shot n. w. by w. from the Henne which are two sharp stumpes which with lowe water are even above the water and lye about west from the northerlyest Foukenesse The Scheminkel hilles lye southward from the Foukenesses Scheminckle bergen or rockes you may runne betweene them at 10 fathome to the west point of Croduin there also is good rode and anckor ground The Ras of Fontenay Rasse of Fontenay lyeth from S. Mathewes point south by east five leagues if you will sayle from S. Mathewes point over the Trave in the Ras of Fontenay then goe south and by east and hold the mill of Fenestiers which standeth upon the east point of Conquets haven over the point of S. Mathewes Closter as long as you can see it and when you come before the Emperor Emperor and the Emperesse shunne the Emperor because of the rockes thereof which lye under the water and beware also of the Emperesse Emperesse for from it also there runneth a sand called the Calf Calf over which the streame breaketh verie much and falleth verie stiffe from it therefore marke your streames heere wel for the streame runneth crosse over this Ras of Fontenay so that with a southwest winde and an out fall or ebbe it is verie dangerous to put into that chanel as also with a calme This chanel runneth through s s w. The Seims stand a litle south from the Emperour and reach about 3 leagues w. n. w. into the Sea Seims rockes about northwest from them lyeth a rock which you must shunne Betweene the said Seims and Heysant reacheth Breesand Breesond in e. n. e. against the which reacheth that of S. Mathewes point into the Sea w. n. w. five leagues East from Fontenay or the Emperesse lyeth Friesebaye Friese bay there you may anckor against a s e. by s winde there is good anckor ground And further east from Friese-baye lyeth Boldavids baye
the Cape de Figuer Cape Figure upon the point of the Cape lyeth a rock somewhat distant from it but the Sea cannot there passe through betweene them except it be at a verie high flood then it breaketh a litle through If you will anckor in this Baye of Fonteravia Fonteravia cast anckor at 8 or 9 fathome so that the aforesaid rock be n. n. w. from you there is it faire sand-ground where you may lye safe from hurt by a n.w. winde Lying in the Baye you have the PingnoÌ„s of S. Anne e.n.e. and Cape de Figuer n.w. by w. from you A league westward from Cape de Figure lyeth Passaje Passaie also a faire haven on the east-side of the haven which is verie narrowe there lyeth a round rock so that there it is ylle going in with an ebbe but with a flood it is better without it is verie faire there are no shallowes at all but onely the aforesaid round rock The towne lyeth right within the haven on the east-side where men anckor at seven fathome Almost three leagues westward from Passage lyeth S. Sebastian S. Sebastiaâ— betweene theÌ„ both there is a sand-bay which lyeth within a Creeke and there there goeth a drie litle river up into the land there come manie barkes into it when it is faire wether S. Sebastians haven is good to goe into you goe in betweene two castles whereof the easterlyest is the greatest it standeth almost as if it stood upon an Iland but it standeth upoÌ„ a high hill the westerlyest standeth upon a small Iland or Rock which is a four-square towre in sayling in in the narrowe waie betweene these two castles lyeth a rock which at lowe water is 6 fathome deepe and when the storme commeth out of the Sea it alwaies ravels upon it it lyeth nearest unto the east-land on the west-land it is 10 fathome deepe Now to shunne this rock as you enter in there is a closter east from the westerlyest Iland and there standeth a steeple which come one over against the other which you must runne eastward about Now to anckor without S. Sebastians in the Rode you must hold the high hill which lyeth upon the point of Cape de Figure without the easterlyest Iland aforesaid and then you may anckor there but if it fall to be covered under the Iland theÌ„ you cannot anckor before S. Sebastians in the Rode but when you are through the narrowe strait within the rock and past the castles then you may anckor on the east-side under the great castle there is the best Rode behinde the castle aforesaid there goeth up a litle water from the east-castle you may goe on foot along upon a high strand upon firme land at lowe water but the strand at high water is covered it is a Creeke within before the towne it is deepe 5 6 7 fathome on the west-side under the small Iland you cannot anckor for there it is flat drie Such as come out of the west and seeke to goe into S. Sebastians they must keepe by the land for it is faire And a league westward from S. Sebastians haven lyeth a Sand-bay where you may anckor as deepe as you will but they that from thence will goe into S. Sebastians they must goe in in the middle of the water betweene both the Ilands and leave the litle Iland whereon the chappel standeth on starre-borde running so towards the first or second wall of the towne and anckor there the shalopes or barkes will come aborde to you and help to gette you into the haven betweene the walles From S. Sebastians to Cape de Massichaco the course is w.n. w. 13 leagues betweene them lye these Rodes to wete Gaturia and Deva Gaturia Deva Gaturia lyeth from S. Sebastian distant w. and by n. and w. n.w. 8 leagues it is a round Baye or Creeke where it is safe lying against a south-winde you may lye behinde the west-point before the towne upon faire Sand-ground a n. w. winde is there corner-winde This Baye is coÌ„monly called Kings-haven Along the coast of Biscaya betweene S. Iohn de Luz and Gaturia it is al over faire ground good anckoring at 20 fathome From Gaturia to Deva it is 2 leagues to the west it is a falling water which commeth out of the hill Three leagues westward lyeth the out-point of Massichaca Cape Massichaâ—a Thus the land about the bocht of S. Iohn de Luz sheweth it self from Cabriton till you be past S. Sebastians The land of Bayona and Cabriton is downie land and â—eacheth south and north The land Fonteravia reacheth southwest and northeast but by S. Sebastians it reacheth east and west Cabriton Bayona S. Iohn de Luz Fonteravia Passage S. Sebastian Thus S. Sebastian openeth it self when you have the sight of it seven leagues from it V. Of the running of the streames and what Moone maketh a high water heere IN these places they reckon no falling of streames for in all the havens lying upon these coasts a southwest northeast moone commonly maketh a high water but within the havens or within the land a point later that is a southwest and by west and a northeast and by east moone VI. Of the depths against these places and at what depths you may see the land VVithout Heys it is 35 fathome deepe and then you may see the land as you stand belowe upoÌ„ the hatches when it is cleare wether you may see it at 60 fathome You may see the land of Olone beneath at 25 30 fathome S. Martens Iland and the north-ende of Oleron may be seene at 28 and 30 fathome When you have a sight of S. Martens Iland then on it you see a high steeple and a high house and on the strand a mille with four or five high downes Upon Oleron you see a high speere steeple upon a redde point whereon you see some trees standing and southward it hath black downes in three or four places Upon the land on the north-side of the River of Burdeaux or the steeple of Cordam you see five or sixe high white downes but on the south-side thereof they are lowe black downes overgrowne with heath you may see the land against the River of Burdeaux from the poope of the shippe at 30 fathome The Coast from Cordam to Accason is a flatte coast which may also be seene at 30 fathome Betweene Accason and S. Iohn de Luz you may likewise see the land at 30 fathome and when you are about Bayona then you see Cabriton Bayona Bederte and S. Iohn de Luz which for the most part are all flatte steeples When you come before Passage you may see the corner of Cape de Figure and also S. Sebastians and there the land lyeth in a great creeke or bowing About Cape de Figuer there lyeth a high hill which on the southwest ende is verie steepe and it is verie long the slopenesse descending towards the
great Cape lying east from S. Andero and there is faire ground From Cape de Kesgo to the west-point of S. Andero it is w. by s five leagues and right southward from the point of S. Andero upoÌ„ the east-point of Sardinis is a sandie Baye where it is good anckoring at 10 fathome From Cape de Kesgo to the haven of S. Andero the course is w. s.w distant 3 leagues S. Andero S. Andero lyeth in a creeke and there lyeth an Iland before the haven you may goe about it on both sides it is 8 and 9 fathome deepe but southward about the Iland it is 5 6 and 7 fathome deepe after you come neare to the strand The chanel first reacheth w. n. w. the Iland lyeth a great league within the creeke it is from the east-point of the haven to the west-point of the land about south and north a great league S. Anthonie and the west-point of S. Andero lye east west from each other about 5 leagues How to know the land about Laredo To knowe the land when you fall about Laredo then knowe that on the west-side of the haven of Laredo S. Anthonies Hill lyeth which is a verie high hill which you see verie farre both from east and west and right above the towne of Laredo you see also a sharp hill as if it were the point of a diamant or the point of a two-handed sword and further about Laredo it is verie high double land two three at some places four double S. Andero hath no speciall or knowne hilles but when you are before the haven then eastward you may see the towne and the castle standing upon a high hill as if it were a suger-lofe or a hay-cock eastward there is much double land two or three heigth double But when you are about Cape de Kesgo then presently you see the castle upon the west-land The land eastward of Laredo being south from you sheweth thus with a sharp hill Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self lying on the west-side of Laredo Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self when you are south-southeast from it III. How all the Havens and Rodes betweene S. Andero and Cape de Pinas should be sayled FRom S. Andero to Cape de Pinas the course is west or a litle northerlyer 37 or 38 leagues betweene the which these Havens following do lye First the haven of S. Marten S. Marten or Settevilles Settevilles lying east west 4 leagues from S. Andero it is a tyde-haven From thence to S. Vincents S. Vincent also a tyde-haven is 5 leagues the chanel goeth in on the east-side on the west-side there commeth a sand shooting off and in the middle of the chanel lyeth an Iland which you may goe about on both sides From S. Vincents to Lhanes Lhanes the course is west three leagues this is a tyde-haven upon the west-side of the haven there standeth a church right within the haven a middle-flatte or sand but you must goe about on the west-side these are all unknowne narrowe havens he that hath occasion may use them From Lhanes to Rio de Selia Rio de Selia the course is west five or sixe leagues he that will goe in there must have regarde to a mast which standeth upon the east land you must goe in close by it for the west-side is foule within you must anckor within the mast before the village it is also a tyde-haven From Rio de Sâ—ila westwards nine leagues is Villa Viciosa V lla Vicâ—â—â—a this also is a tyde-haven but faire the chanel runneth in southeast and southeast and by east close upon the west-point of the land for the east-point is foule to the middle of the haven there lyeth a flatte right in the middle of the haven which at lowe water is drie therefore as you goe in you must turne up westward againe on the west-side lyeth the Plecke you may sayle to it and anckor upon flatte water Seven leagues west-ward from Villa Viciosa lyeth the out-point of Sanson Sanson eastward there lyeth a litle Iland whereon there standeth a steeple betweene Sanson and the said Iland it is good rode at 7 and 8 fathome On the west-side of Sanson is also good rode right before the litle haven of Sanson at sixe and seven fathome West from Sanson lyeth Gyon Gyon having a peere or pyled-head under the which the Fisshermen that dwell there laye their barkes A league and an half west from Gyon lyeth the Creeke of Tores Tores a good Rode for a southwest and west winde at 8 and 9 fathome upon the point reaching out standeth a high steeple Three leagues westward of Tores lyeth Cape de Pinas Cape de Pinas from whence manie rockes lye off to Seaward good half a league at least it is sayd by some that a man may sayle through betweene the point and those rockes Thus the land of Biscaya sheweth it self betweene Laredo and Rio de Sella as you sayle along by it Laredo Lhanes Rio de Sella Thus the land sheweth it self from Rio de Sella to Cape de Pinas as you sayle along by the same Rio de Sella Villa Viciosa IIII. What Moone maketh high water upon these Coasts AT all places and before all the havens of this coast a southwest and northeast moone maketh a high water but within the havens about a point later as they reach deeper into the land as upon the coasts of Britaigne Poictou Gâ—â—coigne Heere also they reckon no falling of streames But the streames fall crosse to and fro V. How these Countries are distant one from the other and from other Countries also HOw these Countries reach and are distant from each other it is alreadie shewed in the description From Cape de Massichaca to Accason northeast and somewhat easterlyer 28 leagues From Cape de Massichaca to Heys north and somewhat eâ—sterlyer 60 leagues From S. Andero to the Seims n. n. w. 96 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the steeple of Cordam east-northeast and northeast and by east 72 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Porthus or S. Martens Iland northeast and somewhat easterlyer 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Bel-Isle n. n. e. 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the Seims north 88 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Cabo de Veilli in Ireland north and by west and somewhat westerlyer 171 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Ortegal w. by n. 29 leagues VI. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe Massichaca lyeth under 43 degr 46 or 48 minutes Cape de Pinas lyeth under 43 degrees 54 or 56 minutes The whole coast of Biscaya betweene Cape de Pinas Cape de Massichaca lyeth about 43 degrees and 43 44 or 45 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 8. CHAPTER VIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of Gallicia from Cabo de Pinas to Cabo de Finisterre I. To sayle from
the flood falleth crosse into the land about the Havens a s w by s moone maketh a high water in the Strait when it is faire wether commonly it is there four houres flood and eight houres ebbe but the streame goeth most part with the winde by this everie man may gesse how it is VII How these Countreys are distant one from the other FRom Cape S. Vincent to Lagos or Laves the course is east and by north 7 leagues From Lagos to Villa Nova east 4 leagues From Villa Nova to Cape Maria or Faro e. by s 9 leagues From C. Maria or Faro to Tavila n.e. by e. 5 leagues From Tavila to Aimonte e.n.e. 5 leagues From Aimonte to Lepe e. by n. 7 leagues From Lepe to Saltes or Palos e. and e. by s 7 leagues From Saltes to the River of S. Lucas or Sibiona southeast and southeast by east 8 leagues From S. Lucas or the point of Sibiona to the point of Calis southeast 9 leagues From Calis to the point of the Strait s s.e 11 leagues From the point of the Strait called Trafalgar or Tarifa to Gibraltar e. by s 7 leagues From Cape S. Vincent to Cape Maria east 18 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Calis e. by s 48 or 50 leagues From Cape S. Maria to Saltes e.n.e. 24 leagues From Cape S. Maria to Sibiona east 29 leagues From C.S. Maria to the Strait e. s.e and s e by e. 46 leagues From Lepe to Sibiona e. s.e 16 leagues From Saltes to Calis s e and s e by s 16 leagues VIII How these Countries lye distant from other Countreys FRom Cape S. Vincent to Cape Cantin south 87 leagues From Cap S. Vincent to Cape de Geer south somewhat westerlyer 134 leagues From C.S. Vincent to the Iland of Lanzarotte s s.w 165 leag From C.S. Vincent to Great Canaria s w by s 211 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Isle de Palma s w 224 leagues From C. S. Vincent to Porto Santo s w by w. 137 leagues and to Madera s w by w. 157 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Isle S. Maria west 262 leagues From C.S. Maria or Faro to Cape Cantin s by w. 91 leagues From Cap S. Maria to Great Canaria southwest and southwest by south 220 leagues From C.S. Maria to the I le of Madera s w by w. 93 leagues From Calis to Great Canaria southwest 240 leagues From Calis to the I le of Madera w. s.w 200 leagues From Cape Trafalgar to Cape de Spartel s e 9 leagues IX Vnder what degrees these Places lye CApe S. Vincent S. Maria lye under 37 degrees The Coast of Condado lyeth under 38 deg 15 20 min. The Iland of Calis lyeth under 36 degrees 30 minutes The middle of the Strait of Gibraltar lyeth under 35 degrees 50 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 12 and 13. CHAPTER XII A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of Barbarie betweene Cape de Spartel or the Strait of Gibraltar and Cape de Geer I. From the Strait of Gibraltar to Cape de Cantin CApe de Spartel or Spichel which is the south-point of the Strait of Gibraltar lyeth distant from the north-point called Cape de Trafalgar south and by east C. Trafalgar and north and by west 9 leagues From Cape Spartel south 7 leagues lyeth Arsyla Arsila Before Arsila there lyeth a rowe of rockes where you may sayle through at two places you may goe at the north-chanel with great shippes but at the south-chanel with small barkes you must then anckor betweene the towne and the rockes From Arsila to Larage Larage or Alarache the course is south and by west 8 leagues there runneth in a River to Larage but it is verie crooked and drie you can not goe into it with anie great shippe but onely with barkes Frigates you anckor there before the Rode at 16 17 and 18 fathome This coast reacheth all south by west and southsouthwest it is from Larage to Mamora 20 leagues Mamora Mamora lyeth upon a River which is two fathome deepe in the entrie thereof but in the rode it is 20 fathome deepe a southwest moone maketh a full Sea along this coast South from Mamora lyeth Salee from Salee Salee to Anafe or Algasse Anafe or Algasse it is southwest and by south that is a great decayed towne you may yet see five or sixe towres standing up when you come to the land it lyeth 19 leagues east from Masagam From Anafe to Azamor it is s w by w. 14 or 16 leagues there you may anckor at 14 or 15 fathome there you lye safe against a southwest winde Two leagues more about west lyeth Masagam he that will sayle to Masagam Masagam must knowe that there are Pilots to bring in a shippe for it is a great creeke but it is not too faire so that manie shippes could not lye there upon faire ground On the west-point of the Baye there lye some rockes which are not seen at high water but at lowe water they lye bare when you lye in the right Rode then the west-point lyeth northwest from you and the other point east West from Masagam there standeth a towre upon a point From Masagam to Cape de Cantin it is westsouthwest 13 or 15 leagues when you come to Cape de Cantin C. Cantin you must shuÌ„ne the land somewhat for there shooteth off from it a hard rock somewhat into the Sea Thus the land sheweth betweene Masagam and Cape Cantin being verie even and lowe land all along to Saffia you see nothing on it but a small towre by a valley which is called Casa Cavalgero Thus Casa Cavalgero sheweth when it is south from you seven leagues Eijgentlijke vertooninge der westcusteÌ„ van Barbarien tusschen de Strate van Gibraltar ende de C. de Cantin zampt aller Reeden Havenen ende Rivieren aldaer gelegen en hoemen die bequa melijck sal beseijlen Vraije pourtraicture des costes occidentales de Barbarie entre lestâ—â—ict de Gibraltar et le C. de Cantin ensemble de toutes Rades Haures Ports et Rivieres situez ausdic tes costes et commet commodieusement on les navigera Afbeeldinge nae't leven der Zeecusten van Barbarien van de C. Cantin zuijdwaert tot verbij de C. de Geer mitsgaders de gelegent heijt van't eijlant Mogodor alles op zijne rechte streckingeÌ„ en hoochte gesteli Delincation au vif des costes maritimes de Barbarie entre le C. de Cantin et le C. de Geer ensemble la situation de l'isle de Mogodor le tout commodieusement accoÌ„modé selon ses vraijes distances routes et haulteurs du pole When the north-point of Saffia is southeast five leagues from you then it sheweth thus When you are about seven leagues southwest and by west from Cape Cantin then it openeth thus then the point of
de Spartel to Cantin southwest and somewhat southerlyer 75 leagues From Cape de Cantin to Cape de Geer west 53 leagues From Cape de Geer to Cape de Non southsouthwest south and by west 28 leagues From Cape de Geer to the point of S. Crus s e. 5 leagues From Cap de Non to O fin south 13 leagues From Cap de Non to Cap Bayador s w by w. 69 leagues From Cape de Geer to Cape de Bayador southwest and somewhat westerlyer 93 leagues From Saffia to Madera east and west 131 leagues From Cape de Geer to Madera w. n. w. 133 leagues IIII. Vnder what degrees these Countreys lye CApe Spichel or Spartel lyeth under 35 degrees 32 minur Masagam lyeth under 32 degrees 52 minutes Cape Cantin lyeth under 32 degrees 40 minutes The I le of Mogodor lyeth under 31 degrees 32 minutes Cape de Geer lyeth under 30 degrees Cape de Non lyeth under 28 degrees 32 minutes Cape de Bayador lyeth under 27 degrees Heere followeth the Carde N. 14 and 15. CHAPTER XIII THE DESCRIPTION OF the Canarie and Flemish Ilands I. Of Lancerota Forteventura and great Canaria THe Ilandes of Canaria are seven in number that is Lancerota Forteventura Great Canaria Tenerifa Gomera Palma and Ferro The Iland of Lancerota Lancerota is distant from Cap de S. Vincent s s w. about 166 leagues It hath a haven at the northeast ende betweene the two Ilands Alegranca and Gratiosa and you come in from northward you may runne there so far in that you may come by Lancerota againe into the Sea there it is 10 15 and 20 fathome deepe and there men lye safe from all windes On the east-side of Lancerota there is also a good Rode before the towne but there lyeth a banck northward which you must shunne you must runne southward about the banck and then anckor at 10 11 or 12 fathome Betweene Lancerota and Forteventura Forteventura there lyeth an Iland where you may anckor on both sides at 15 or 20 fathome At the Iland Forteventura you may anckor under the north and south endes at 15 and 20 fathome also on the northwest and southeast sides On the southeast or east-side you may anckor before the town of Forteventura at 15 or 16 fathome there is a faire Rode At the northwest side you may anckor before the village at 20 25 or 30 fathome as deepe as you wil the land on the northwest-side runneth up with a great boucht It is from the northerlyest Ilands of Lancerota to the west-point or Forteventura about 33 leagues The Iland of Great Canaria Great Canaria lyeth distant from Forteventura e. and w. 18 or 20 leagues He that will sayle into the Rode of Great Canaria he must understand that the Rode lyeth behinde the northeast point on the east-side of the land right against the castle which standeth upon a point of land when the said northeast point lyeth s e. 6 or 7 leagues from you then it seemeth to be an Iland for it is fast to the other land onely by a sandie strand and that strand is not broad and the northeast point is verie high He that will put into the Rode he must sayle about by the northeast point The Rode of Great Canaria untill the castle lyeth about n. w. and by n. from him and there anckor at 8 9 10 or 12 fathome then the north-point lyeth n. e. by n. from you the south-point s s e. On the south-side of Great Canaria there is a faire Baye where a man may also anckor wel Thus the northwest-side of Canaria sheweth it self II. The situation of the Iland of Tenerifa Pascaarte vande Eijlanden van Canarien vertoonende de rechte gelegentheijt der Custen ende Reeden vandien Item hoese in rechte streckingen ende waere distantie van malcanderen verscheijden ende hoese in hoochte gelegen sijn Carte marine des Isles de Canarie representant au vif la vraije situation des costes et rades dicelles Item comment ils sont distantes l'un de l'autre selon leurs vraijes routes distances et elevations du pole Afbeâ—lâ—linghe nae't leven vanâ—e Reedevâ—o de staâ—â— Angre aen't EglaÌ„t Tercera Vray â—â—if pour tâ—a et de ia Rade d◠〈…〉 d'Angra en l'Jsle de Terrera SANCT MICHIELS De Suydt hocek van het Eylandt FAYAL Pascaarte vande Eijlanden van Madera en Porto Santo vertoonende de gelegentheÿt vande Reeden aldaer en hoese van malcanderen zijn gheleghen Carte marine de les Jsles de Madera et Porto Santo monstrant comment elles sont situeez l'un de lautre ensemble la situation de leurs Rades On the northwest-side of Tenerifa lyeth the Rode of Gerrachia Rode of Gerrachia and it is from the north-point of Punte de Nago to Gerrachia w. s w. and saw s w. by w. 8 leagues He that will anckor before Gerrachia he must anckor westward from the rock with the crosse called the Lyon that the said rock may lye southeast by east and southeast from him then you lye right before the towne and then you looke right into the streete of the towne through S. Dominicus closter there it is faire ground at 36 or 40 fathome then the Pico wil lye right west by the towne You may anckor no nearer to the land then at 35 or 36 fathome nearer on the land or on the rock it is not faire westward to the Sand called Lapania it is also foule ground This is a naughtie Rode therefore they that come here must looke well to themselves and have a care of their anckors and cables keepe them fixe and readie as also their sailes that they may move when it stormeth There is also a small haven before Gerrachia wherein men may lye with a fewe shippes but to sayle into it you must have a Pilot on the west-side of the haven there lyeth a rock under the water but it ravels alwaies upon it within the haven you anckor alwaies at 5 or 6 fathome you must put out two anckors before toward the Sea with a cable upon the rockes an anckor behinde upon the land that the shippe may not winde and the ground is there foule you must keepe your cables well with boyes and tonnes to keepe them from the ground this is a good haven in Summer for then commonly it is good wether but in winter I counsel you not to put in with your shâ—ppe there for the waves of the Sea come out of the n. w. sometimâ—s ruÌ„ning in so stifly that it is not possible to hold a ship although it had tenne anckors out It happened certaine yeeres past that a number of shippes were cast awaie in that haven and a good manie houses of that towne were washt awaie with the water Betweene Gerrachia and the east-ende of Tenerifa there are three places more to lade wine in that is Laramela Relecho and Oratana Laâ—â—mela Râ—â—â—cho
by south moone maketh high water Against Portland in the chanel a southsoutheast and a northnorthwest moone makes a full Sea VIII At what depths you may see these Countreys YOu may see the Sorlinges on the north-side at 48 fathome but on the south-side you may see thâ—m at 52 fathome Englands ende you may also see at 52 fathome You may see Lezard at 55 fathome the ground is white and redde shellie sand The Deadmanshead may be seene at 42 fathome from Lezard along to Goutstart You may see Goutstart at 45 fathome The high land of Plimmouth may be seene at 50 fathome being north from you it is high double land lying upon two hilles the same high within the land runneth all along the land from Fawick to Dartmouth and you may see the land of Dartmouth at 45 fathome IX How these Countreys lye distant from each other FRom the Sorrels to Englands ende e. n. e. about 8 leagues From Englands ende to Lezard e. s e. 10 or 11 leagues From Lezard to Famouth n. by e. 4 league From Famouth to the Deadmanshead east by north and east northeast 4 leagues From the Deadmanshead to Fawick n. e. 4 leagues From Fawick to the I le of Lowe east 3 leagues From the I le of Lowe to Ramshead e. n. e. 5 leagues From Ramshead to Goutstart e. s e. 8 leagues From Goutstart to Dartmouth n. e. 3 leagues From Dartmouth to Torbaye northeast 3 leagues From Torbaye to Tops or Exmouth north 5 leagues From Exmouth to Portland e. s e. 13 leagues From Sorrels to Sevenstones northeast and somewhat northerlyer 3 leagues From Sorrels to the Wolf east 5 leagues From the Wolf to Englands ende n. n. e. 3 leagues From the Wolf to Lezard e. and by s 11 leagues From Lezard to Deadmanshead n. e. 7 leagues From the Deadmanshead to Ramshead e. n. e. 8 leagues From Ramshead to Meustone south 3 leagues From the point of Plimmouth to the Meustone southsouthwest and somewhat southerlyer 4 leagues From the Meustone to Goutstart e. by s e. 7 or 8 leagues From Torbaye to Portland e. somewhat north 13 or 14. leag From the Sorrels to Lezard east 16 leagues From Lezard to Goutstart e. by n. 20 or 21 leagues From Goutstart to Portland northeast and somewhat more eastward 19 or 20 leagues X. How these places are distant from other Countreys FRom the Sorrels to Waterford in Ireland north and some what westerly 40 leagues From Sorrels to Cape de Claro n. w. by n. 40 leagues From Sorrels to Cape de Finisterre south and by west somewhat westerlyer 151 leagues From Sorrels to Heysant s e by s 37 leagues From Sorrels to the Casquettes east and somewhat southerlyer 56 leagues From Lezard to Tercera s w. and by w. 387 leagues From Lezard to Tenerifa s s w. 467 leagues From Lezard to Cape Finisterre southsouthwest and then you runne about 5 leagues without it 153 leagues From Lezard to Heysant south 29 leagues From Lezard to Septisles s e. and by e. 27 leagues From Lezard to Garnsey e. and by s 37 leagues From Goutstart to Heysant s w. and by s 40 leagues From Goutstart to S. Paul de Lyon s by w. 29 leagues From Goutstart to Septisles south and by east and somewhat easterlyer 37 leagues From Goutstart to Casquettes e. s e. 10 leagues XI Vnder what degrees these Countreys lye THe south-side of Sorrels Lezard lye under 50 degrees Goutstart lyeth under 50 degrees 12 minutes or as some saye 50 degrees 20 minutes Portland lyeth under 50 degrees 30 minutes or as some saye 50 degrees 40 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 19. Vâ—â—â—oon dâ— nae't leven vanac ZeecusteÌ„ van Engelanâ— tusschen Pooâ—tlant enÌ„ Doveren enÌ„ voort Nâ—rtuâ—ert tot het VoorlaÌ„t Jtem vande gelegâ—â—â—jt der Engde tussche Vruncrijck enÌ„ Engeâ—â—â—t oock wat sanden BanckeÌ„ enÌ„ gevaerlijckâ— DroochteÌ„ aen die gewesten zijn geleghen alâ—eâ— na rechte mate streckingen ende hocâ—â—en vandâ—â— Poole gestelt Representation au vif des Costes marines D'Angleterre entre Portlande et Douvres Jtem de la situation de l'estroict entre France et Angleterre nommé le Pas de Calais aussi quels Bancqs Sables Guez et autres perilz entour et envirâ—Ì„ lesdictes costes on a a eviter et fuir tout accommodé selon sa droicte mesure vruijes â—vutes et â—levatioâ—s du Pole CHAPTER XVII A TRVE DESCRIPTION how you may sayle into the Havens betweene Portland and the Foreland I. To sayle by the Ras of Portland and into the Haven of Poole THe Ras of Portland beginneth about half waie from Portland The Ras of Portland and endeth against the middle of S. Andrewes land in some places it is all banckie and sometimes it is deeepe 7 and then 10 and then 15 fathome Rode in Portland If you come from the west and desire to goe into Portland you may runne along within two cables length or the shotte of a peece by Portland and sayle westward about the point up before the castle where you may lye safe against a south and a south and by east winde at 7 or 8 fathome but with a southwest and a southsouthwest winde a man must take heede of the ravelings which begin half waie from Portland and ende half waie at S. Andrewes land About a great league north from Portland there lyeth a litle Tydehaven which at lowe water is drie it is called Weimouth before it you may anckor at 4 or 5 fathome Men commonly anckor under Portland at 10 or 11 fathome that the point may be south and by east and southsoutheast from you To sayle into the haven of Poole By the east-point of S. Andrewes land three leagues west froÌ„ the Needles of the I le of Wight you runne into the haven of Poole which is a good haven for shippes that will goe about eastward To goe into it goe along by S. Andrewes land at 5 or 6 fathome with half flood but when you come against the Cingle or the other land then loose westward to the point and there anckor for there you lye safe against a s w. and s s w. winde But if you will sayle into the haven of Poole then shall you perceive another point bearing out so soone as you are gone about the foresaid point by the which standeth a high white steepe rock like a mast almost like the Needle on the west ende of Wight there you may sayle about at 4 or 5 fathome Now when you are about the said point with the needle goe forward northwest and you shall see right before you a high flat hill rising up out of the other land keepe that hill betweene both the shores and sayle right forward But if it chance that you must laveere then spare not your lead runne no further westward as you crosse then that the foresaid flatte hill coÌ„meth upon the west-land for so soone as
cape and also a great flatte steeple called the Holmes Hoelum the roof of this church is broken off but the hindermost part of the roof with the gavle is yet on and standeth upon the side walles There was woont also a church to stand in the same Iland called Midland church but that is broken downe but on the east side of Holme church there standeth a mill with a house west from the mill also there standeth a broad towre There about where Midland church was woonte to stand there lye three or four downes which are lowe flat and somewhat long On the east ende it is knollie black land mixed with some white among it But quite upon the east ende there lyeth a faire high round white downe which is verie well to be knowne From the west ende of Ameland there reacheth a Sand almost three leagues into the Sea which is called Borneriffe Borâ—riffe And west from that riffe Ameland chanel goeth in This Borneriffe and the north points of Tessel lye distant from each other northeast southwest 12 leagues Thus Ameland sheweth being about two leagues and an half from it when you are oveâ— against it IF you will sayle into the Chanel of Ameland comming out of the Sea then set the cape which standeth upon the east ende of the Schellingh right against the steeple of Horne and sayle upon it and so you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at the ende of Borneriffe at five fathome lowe water Or if you come out of the west then runne upon the strand of the Schellingh at lowe water at five or five fathome and an half and so goe along by the strand and you shall sayle right upon the uttermost tonne Now when you come to the uttermost tonne then the cape and the steeple of Holme upon Ameland are also one against the other and stand then east and somewhat southerlyer from you but Horne church and the cape upon the Schellingh shall then stand southsouthwest from you From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne the course is east and a litle southerlyer or hold the church of Holme upon Ameland standing right against the cape sayle upon it from the first tonne then you shall not misse the second tonne which lyeth at seven fathome When you have the length of the second tonne then you are past the Coggie deepes grounds When you sound along by the Schellingh at four fathome then you shall not sayle under the Coggie deepes grounds Betweene the first and the second tonne it is five or sixe fathome deepe in the chanel From the second to the third toÌ„ne the course is east and east and by north Gerrits Honden or Dogges that is the tonne at Gerrits honden which lyeth at three fathome and an half lowe water You leave all these tonnes on baghborde when you sayle in for Borneriffe on the inner side is all shoring and specially Gerritshonden Now when you sayle from the second tonne to the tonne upon Gerritshonden Camper-sand then Camper Sand is on your starreborde and lyeth cleane drie you may sayle as close by it as you will Betweene the second and the third tonne it is nine and eight fathome deepe in the chanel When you sayle against Camper Sand you must put over from it to the tonne at Gerritshonden about eastnortheast to runne above the Plate which lyeth south from Gerritshonden The Plate for there betweene them both it is not wide Betweene Gerrits Honden the said Plate it is three fathome deepe at lowe water The Plate at the north ende is flatish so that there you may sound it with your lead When you sayle into or out of this chanel keepe good account of the streames and specially take heede of an ebbe for it fâ—lleth strongly crosse over this chanel northnorthwest over Borneriffe along into the Sea When you are above the Plate there lyeth a white tonne at three fathome The white tonne or sixeteene foot water which you must leave on starreborde and runne there east about it This white tonne lyeth distant from the tonne upon Gerrits Honden southeast past the tonne presently you finde deeper water as eight nine tenne and twelve fathome then goe forth southeast by east so long untill the steeple of Holme commeth over the south point of Ameland where the Scutes lye then you may goe into the bought where on the south side it is verie flatte there you may ancker at five or sixe fathome but on the north side it is altogether shoring This reach from the white tonne till you be in the boucht is 9 10 and 12 fathome deepe and on both sides is altogether shoring If you wil goe further into the Horsen then goe on from the bocht eastnortheast along by the south side at 5 or 6 fathome To sayle to the Horsen forward so long till that Heynoms chamber that is a redde tyled house be a handspake length north from Holmer church there ancker at 5 or 6 fathome there is good anckor ground and there you lye safe from all windes there also goeth a litle streame The north side is al shoring the chanel there is 12 fathome deepe Borneriffe without also is all shoring The situation of Bornriffe When you come out of the Sea you must goe no nearer to it then 12 fathome for then you shall not be farre off from it The whole Coast of Holland and Freesland a man may not goe nearer unto in darke wether nor by night then 14 15 and 16 fathome Warninge because of the grounds and Sands When you come out of the east along by Ameland you caÌ„not sayle under Borneriffe but if you runne along by it at seven fathome then you shall not goe a cast of a bullet outward from it A southeast northwest moone maketh a high water without in the chanel of Ameland and also upon the land VII The situation of Schiermonickooghe and how you shall sayle into Scholbalgh THe Iland Schiermonickooghe lyeth from the east ende of Ameland distant east somewhat northerlyer three leagues it is a lowe smooth Iland about two leagues long there stande no special markes upon it but on the west ende there stand two capes with a white downe otherwise they are all lowe blackish downes or hillockes but higher then upon the east ende mixed with white The east ende is a long flatte strand with lowe rugged downes Betweene Ameland and Schiermonickooghe the Scholbalgh goeth in Men were woont to goe in along by Schiermonickooghe but that chanel is closed up within and wholly spoyled Thus Schiermonickooghe sheweth when it is about two leagues crosse from you To sayle into Scholbalgh set the capes upon the westende of Scheermonickooghe one right against the other To sayle into the Scholbaâ—gh then they shal stand about e. s e. from you sayle upon them then you shall finde the first tonne which lyeth in the Sea at 7 fathome
the contrarie the flood falleth verie hard inward so that you caÌ„not get over the streame with still wether therefore you must looke well thereunto But if you will sayle up the Iaa then leave the third tonne on baghborde and from thence goe up for the most part south Hormmerscheel to the point of the banck of land called Hormmerscheel and when you come to it then the Iaa is wide and broad and without the said banck there standeth a beacon or two for ships that wil goe before the Wadt If you will goe further up the Iaa then keepe al the west side but when you come against the church without a steeple which standeth by the banck there you must leave the west side because of the Aenten or Ieppe flatte Aenten or Iâ—ppe flat which shooteth off far along by the west side sometimes at lowe water lyeth drie The west side reacheth most s e. somewhat southerlyer A south north moone maketh a high water at the Iaa and there it floweth dayly two fathome and an half up and downe XIIII To sayle up the Weser TO sayle up the Weser goe no nearer to Wrangheroogh then seven fathome and when you have 7 fathome then turn off to 11 fathome there you shall finde the first toÌ„ne without in the Weser Red sand lying at the point of the redde sand at 7 fathome then Menser church is s s e. from you which is a flat church without a steeple standing in Vroukens land Now wheÌ„ you are against the first tonne and that the west ende of Wrangheroogh is s s w. from you then you runne yet upon the point of the red sand at five fathome From the uttermost tonne to the second third fourth fift tonne the course is right east and they lye all at seven fathome the south side that is the Redde sand nearest each a point differing from Menser church so that Menser church lyeth from the second tonne southeast from the third south from the fourth south and by west from the fift southsouthwest This fift tonne is called the toÌ„ne upon the Head Tonne at the Head and because you should knowe it before all the other tonnes there standeth a pole upon it of half a fathome long with a white knotte upon it Right against the tonne at the Head now there lyeth a white tonne which Anno 1608 was there first laid upon the white ground Betweene these tonnes you must marke your streames wel for the flood coÌ„meth out of the northwest falleth along over the red sand and the ebbe the contrarie The right depth against these tonnes aforesaid at the comming in is 11 fathome deepe but against the tonne upon the Head it is five fathome at lowe water Right before the Weser lyeth the Middle plate The Middle plate the easterlyest ende or the innermost side beginneth right north from the tonne at the Head by the white ground and stretcheth along the reach to the third tonne accounting from without this plate is on both sides flat to be sounded and there lyeth a white tonne on the west side of the said plate about south and north from Menser church which when you come in you must leave on baghborde If you will goe east from the plate out againe from this tonne upon the Head to sayle to the Elve then sound about by the white tonne at 4 or 5 fathome till you be in the Sea To sayle by east of the Middle plate out the Weser To sayle up out of the Weser the course from the tonne upon the Head to the sixt tonne is s e. and n. w. then Menser church shall lye from you s w. by s and there against it the Weser is about 20 fathome deepe But from the sixt tonne to the seventh that is the tonne upon the Cours The tonne at the Cours or the Wapper-tonne the course is southeast this tonne is also called the Southwest tonne because Menser church as then lyeth s w. from you The Iaa tonne lyeth about south and south and by west from this tonne From the tonne upon the Cours to Mellem tonne the course also is southeast You may sayle under Mellem tonne The Mellem tonne at sixe fathome Menser church shall then lye from you s w. by west From Mellem tonne to the tonne upon Bollensile Bollensil the course is s e. and somewhat easterlyer There you must looke well to your streames for the flood falleth strongly in to the west side Langheworder church lyeth right south and by east from this tonne at Bollensile over against the tonne at Bollenzil upon the point of the black ground lyeth a white tonne come no nearer unto it at half flood then four fathome and an half for if you sayle inward you may sayle under the point at four fathome From the toÌ„ne at Bollenzil to the beacon at Bollenzil the course is s s e. and s e. by s and then Longworder church shal stand about south from you You leave the beacon on starreborde when you come in and within the beacon at Bollensil there is a good rode for a west winde From the beacon upon Bollensil to the first tonne upon the Flat The Flat the course is southeast till you are a litle beneath the beacon but then it is eastsoutheast The markes of the first tonne upon the Flatte are these when you may see through the holes of Langheworder steeple then you are against the first tonne and then Longworder church is as southerly as s s w. from you From the first tonne upon the Flat to the second the course is e. s e. Betweene these two tonnes there stand five beacons on baghborde as you come in upon the black ground From the second tonne upon the Flat to the Mailand the course is southeast by south but when you are against Wadnis or the Maieland then sayle along close by the greene side to Blixem A rode within Blixem there is a rode for great ships that will put to Sea As at the Iaa so at the Weser a south and north moone maketh a high water and it floweth there two fathome an half up and downe XV. The situation of the East and West Til or Breebalgh and how you shall sayle into it EAst from the Weser lye the south grounds South grounds of the Elve there goe in two faire and deepe balgen or chanels of 10 12 and 13 fathome they are called the Till or Breebalghen Brebalghen the westerlyest lyeth about so farre west that a man may see the newe worke from thence If it should chance that comming east from the Weser you should fall upon the south grounds then sayle upon the south grounds at 4 or 5 fathome but not much nearer for that is somewhat shoring and when you goe in that manner along by those grounds in the same course you shall finde 8 9 yea and 10 or 12 fathome water
soft ground then for certaine you have that of the Breebalgh or the west Till West Breebalgh or West Till keepe then the land on which side you will and goe so about by the grounds at 4 or 5 fathome by the lead and you shall finde faire and good rode under the sands so that you shall there lye safe from all windes This West Till first reacheth in e. s e. along by the north side it is deepest and on the south side when you sayle out you sayle not under anie Sands but as you goe in Now when you are somewhat within then it reacheth up southerly and there are several chanels where you may sayle through for such as are driven to doe it East Til. The East Till haven lyeth betweene the West Til and the Hondbalgh which runneth in at seven fathome the east point or the old Schor-horne which is a sand which reacheth farre out you may sayle under at 7 fathome when you will goe to the Elve This Till also as the other reacheth eastsoutheast in when you come first in but a litle further in somewhat easterlyer You may heere take which side of the land that you will for when you come in you shall there finde shelter among the sands for all windes and in this chanel it is not lesse then seven fathome water But the Hondbalgh Hondbalgh lyeth right west from the Shâ—ortonne or Schorhorne If you will goe in with small shippes to goe over the Wadt and sayle into the Weser then when you have the Schortonne goe in s s e. the Hondbalgh is indifferent wide but hold that course until you come against the beakons which you must leave on starreborde when you will goe up you may sound the Schorhorne from without cleane within but not the west side for there lye flattes which you may sayle under from without at 9 fathome but upon the Schorhorne you cannot miscarrie XVI Of the Iland of Holie land THe Iland of Holie land and the uttermost tonne on the Weser lye from each other south and somewhat westerlyer and north and somewhat easterlyer when it is faire and cleare wether then you may see Holie land when you lye in the Weser by the tonne at the Head But Holie land and Born-riffe lye distant s w. by w. and n. e. by e. according to the common opinion 32 leagues When you come out of the west and beginne to see Holie land it is a high reddish steepe point which is flatte upon the toppe If you will anckor under Holie land when you come out of the west then runne upon that land at 10 or 12 fathome As you sayle so to the south point and goe somewhat neare to the land you shall see a rock like a small steeple stand close by the high land which is called the Monck The Monck which is almost as high as the high land About s s e. and the third or fourth part of a league from this rock there lyeth a stone or rock under the water A rock under water but if you keepe at 8 or 9 fathome then you runne about without this Stone and cannot hurt yourself upon it when the Monck is covered by the other land then you are against that stone but when the said Monck commeth a handspake length past or without the other land there is good rode and there you may anckor at 10 or 11 fathome there it is faire ground all over cleane if it were not for wrackes of ships that have beene cast awaie or lost anckors whereof there are manie there when you be there at 9 10 or 11 fathome then you lye safe against a westsouthwest northwest north windes From the point whereby the Monck standeth there shooteth a smal Sand froÌ„ the land which you may sounde at 3 fathome You may also goe from the land at 5 fathome sayle safely from the rock aforesaid that is through betweene the rock and the sand but if you goe deeper at seven fathome then you shall sayle upon the rock But at 8 or 9 fathome then you goe without the stone From the north side of Holie land there reacheth also a bad sand almost a league into the Sea Holie land sand so that you may goe no nearer to the north along then at 9 or 10 fathome and when you will goe north about Holie land comming so farre that the east ende of Holie land is south and south and by east from you then sayle boldly to Scholvers point which is a flat point and that you may sound at 5 6 and 7 fathome For if there you will put off at 8 fathome then you must runne 3 leagues off from the land and the right chanel which is betweene the Hever and the Holie land is not above 9 or 10 fathome deepe Now when you come about the point into the rode and that Scholvers point is northeast and the Cliffe southwest from you there it is good anckoring at five fathome Scholvers point Scholvers point is the point where the south haven lyeth within reacheth from the high land about east into the Sea and from the uttermost ende of Scholvers point there reacheth a banck of three fathome to the point where the Monck standeth there within it is verie good lying for ships that drawe not much water and it is the south haven of Holie land A southsouthwest and northnortheast moone maketh there high water When Holie land is e. n. e. five leagues from you it sheweth thus When Holie land is north and by east from you it sheweth thus XVII How you shall sayle up the Elve HOlie land and the Schor-tonne that is the uttermost tonne of the Elve lye distant southeast and by east and northwest and by north When you come out of the west are past Holie land with a northerly winde then you may runne to the north ground without feare at 10 or 12 fathome for betweene Holie land and the sâ—uth ground or betweene the north ground and the south ground it is 20 fathome deepe along to the Elve but the nearer that you goe to the Elve the shallower water you finde When you are within Holie land finde shallowe water of the North grounds you may sound it all along to the Elve at 8 fathome for it is flat but the South grounds are verie shoring you may goe no nearer unto them by night then 10 or 12 fathome for if you goe nearer unto them then you may sayle under the West Til or Breebalgh at 10 or 12 fathome To sayle up the Elve you must understand that the North Elve which was woont to goe in north by the Newe grounds is now so much altered that you can hardly finde two fathome water in it but to the contrarie the South Elve southward from the Newe grounds is broken through with a faire depth so that Anno 1606 was tonned by them of the towne of Hamburgh as heereafter is
been cast awaie but it is litle used From Hartshals to Schaghen the course is eastnortheast eight leagues The land east from Hartshals is altogether downie and hillockie land you may see the high land of Laclowe beyonde it and you finde along upon these Coasts no such plaine hilles as Bovenberghen Holmes Hartshals and Robbeknuyt A litle waie within the point of Schaghen there standeth a flat church with a flat steeple when this church is southsoutheast from you then there runneth a Sand or Flat off from the land and there you must put somewhat off from the land otherwise it is all shoring strand betweene Hartshals and Schaghen but you may sound that Sand about at sixe or seven fathome Upon the east ende of the outmost of Schaghen there standeth a fire beacon as if it were a sand beacon and when the church is southwest and by west from you then the fire beacon and the steeple are one against the other and then you are right against the Sand of Schaghen Markes of Schaghen sand which reacheth off from the point eastnortheast and east and by north almost a league into the Sea When you goe along by the land and goe under it at five or sixe fathome then you may sound the Sand but comming south out of the Sea you can hardly found it for it is shoring and then come no nearer unto it then 12 or 13 fathome To knowe by sure markes when you are past this Sand Markes to knowe that you are past the Sand. as well over the one side as the other then marke that as you come out of the west and the old church and the fire beacon are one against the other then you come upon the west side of the Sand but when you come out of the south or the east that old church is against or within the south ende of the village then you are upon the south side of the Sand. When the steeple and the fire beacon are southwest and by west from you then they are one against the other and then you are against the Sand as I said before and when the steeple is southwest and southwest by south from you then you are without or west from the Sand but when the steeple or fire beacō is westsouthwest and west and by south from you then you are within the Sand. This you may by night take by your compas marke it so to see whether you be within or without the Sand when the fire lighter maketh a cleare bright fire You may sette well on both sides of the Sand so that you may put off from it at 7 or 8 fathome Some saye that upon necessitie a man might goe betweene this Sand and the land at two fathome and an half About two leagues without Schaghen towards Hartshals Bancks betweene Schaghen and Hartshals two leagues from the land there lyeth a banck of 10 or 12 fathome and within this banck it is 16 17 and 18 fathome deepe Betweene Schaghen and Masterland or Norwaie it is all soft ground and the nearer to Norwaie the deeper water but when you come out of the Sond and are in the chanel and finde no ground at 18 20 and 22 fathome it is a signe that you are about Schaghen Sand. When you come out of the west about Schaghen and will goe to the Sond or to the Belt then take heede of the streame out of the Belt Of the streame out of the Belt for cōmonly it falleth out of the Belt towards Norwaie specially when the winde hath blowne a while east or northeast this streame by night or in darke wether will carrie you under Norwaie before you are aware thereof therefore be carefull thereof and gesse accordingly Thus the land betweene the Holmes and Schaghen sheweth when you sayle along by it Schaghen Hartshals Robbeknuyt IIII. How these places lye distant one from the other FRom the Dead hill or the Horne to Numans chanel or Rincoper chanel it is n. and by w. 7 or 8 leagues From Rincoper deepe or Numans chanel to Bovenberghen north and by west 11 leagues In general from Deadehill to Bovenberghen the land of Iutland reacheth n. by w. and s by e. 17 or 18 leagues From Bovenberghen to the Holmes n. n. e. 9 leagues From the Holmes to Robbeknuyt northeast 9 leagues From Robbeknuyt to Hartshals n. e. and by e. 4 leagues From Hartshals to Schaghen e. n. e. 8 leagues V. How these Countreyes are distant from other Countreyes FRom Rincoper or Numans chanel to the Vlie southsouthwest and somewhat westerlyer 59 leagues From Bovenberghen along by Iutland without the grounds to the Elve or the uttermost tonne south and by east about 51 leagues From Bovenberghen to Holie land south and by east and somewhat southerlyer about 45 leagues From Bovenberghen to the Vlie or Borneriffe southsouthwest about 69 leagues From Bovenberghen to the Foreland s w. by s 120 leagues From Bovenberghen to the Holmes before Iarmouth southwest 93 leagues From Bovenberghen to Flamboroughhead w. s.w 100 leagues From Bovenberghen to Scarborough westsouthwest somewhat westerlyer 100 leagues From Bovenberghen to the River of Newcastle or Tinmouth west and by south about 107 leagues From Bovenberghen to Buqunesse w. and by n. 107 leagues From Bovenberghen to the Neus n. w. by n. 24 leagues From the Sand at eighteene fathome to the Vlie south and by west 61 or 62 leagues From the Sand at eighteene fathome to the Heads at Calis southsouthwest about 120 leagues From the Holmes to the Neus n. w. 19 or 20 leagues From the Holmes to the Vlecker n. w. by n. 19 leagues From the Holmes to Mardon north 24 leagues From the Holmes to Langhesond n. by e. 28 or 29 leagues From the Holmes to Farder n. n. e. 36 leagues From Schaghen to Tinmouth w. s w. 136 leagues From Schaghen to the Neus west 33 leagues From Schaghen to Vlecker w. and by n. 25 or 26 leagues From Schaghen to Reperwick west and by north and westnorthwest 24 leagues From Schaghen to Mardon n. w. and by w. 20 or 21 leagues From Schaghen to Langhesond northwest and by north or a a litle northerlyer 21 leagues From Schaghen to Fardero n. and by w. 21 leagues From Schaghen to Ottrum n. and by e. 23 or 24 leagues From Schaghen to Masterland e. n. e. 12 leagues From Schaghen to Nydingh e. and by s 15 or 16 leagues From Schaghen to Waersberghen e. s e. 19 or 20 leagues From Schaghen to the Trindle southeast 8 leagues From Schaghen without the Trindel s e. and by e. 8 leagues From Schaghen to Lesou or the northende of the Sand southsoutheast 8 leagues Heere followeth the Carde N. 23. Pascaarte vande Belt verthoonende de Oostersche Zeecustē van Iutlandt de gelegentheijt vande Melversondt Wedersont Jtem aller Eijlanden Jnwijcken Droochten Reven ende Sanden En hoemen in 't beseijlen van die Gewesten
Meun Meun the course is northnortheast eight leagues but from Bout to Meun it is northeast about seven leagues Rode under Meun From Golversond to Meun the land lyeth in a Creeke there you anckor safe against a northeast north northwest and west windes at five or sixe fathome If you come out of the Sond and will goe south from Meun you may goe as neare Meun as you will and loose westward up by the point and anckor where you will at 5 or 6 fathome On the north side of Meun you may also anckor at sixe fathome behinde a Sand which shooteth off from the north-point against an east south southwest and west windes it is there all flatte and good ground From Meun to Steden Steden it is northwest and by north four leagues Betweene them both the Wolfsond or the Wolf chanel goeth in Wolfs chanel it runneth by Werdenburgh and Nestvelt and through the Golversond out at the Belt II. To sayle from Melversond out of the Aelse to Langheland MElversond and the Iland of Areu are distant southsoutheast and northnorthwest as I said in the Chapter before To sayle from Areu to Melversond out of the chanel of Aelsche then goe from Areu or Toreu to Roen east and by south above two leagues and so forth betweene the Iland and Fuynen that is north along by the Roen for you can not goe south by it The Roen The Roen is a badde shallowe Sand which shooteth off from Aelsen where it is fast and the outtermost ende lyeth drie as if it were Anoulter Sand. From Roen to Arr or Copingh the course is southeast and by east five leagues From the southeast ende of Aelst there shooteth off a great Sand to Arr which is called the Poelsche Sand Poelsche Sand. you must runne betweene Arr and the Sand and leave two parts of the water on the Aelsche side and one part towards Arr and runne so upon the south ende of Langheland untill you come against Copen From Arr to the southende of Langheland the course is southeast and by east and southsoutheast four leagues and from the Poelsche sand to the south ende of Langheland the course is west and by south seven leagues You may runne through betweene Langheland and Arr north about and come into the Belt againe by Nyburgh From the south ende of Langheland to Tassing it is north and by west seven leagues You may sayle about Tassing on both sides The situation of Tassingh and leave Arre and the foule grounds sidewaies from you upon the grounds it is no deeper then sixe fathome Betweene the said grounds and Fuynen you may also runne forward into the Aelsche chanel to the Ilands of Areu and Toreu as I said in the Chapter before III. The situation from Areu off to Apenrade Flensburgh and so to Femeren FRom the I le of Areu to Apenrade the course is southsouthwest five leagues the chanel or haven of Apenrade is an open wide chanel Apenrade chanel and thereon lyeth the aforesaid towne of Apenrade From the River of Apenrade to the crooking of Sonderburgh which goeth in betweene the Iland Aelsen and the firme land the course is east two great leagues there you may sayle through behinde the Iland of Aelsen about to Sonderburgh so into the haven of Flensburgh Betweene the Iland and the firme land it is verie narrowe crooked but when you are through the narrowe and crooked waie into the chanel of Flensburgh then it is wider and broader The chanel of Flensburgh Flēsburgh chanel goeth in betweene Sonderburgh and Holsterland it is a wide chanel if you will sayle into this chanel you must take good heede of the Holster side when you beginne to come betweene both the lands and runne in along by the land of Aelst for from Nubel or Holsterland the Chalck grounds Chalck grounds reach half over the chanel This chanel reacheth west and by south till you come before the River Before upon the River there lyeth an Iland on the right hand there you must goe in east and runne west and by south and west till you come within the crooking of the River and then you must goe south up againe then you may see the towne of Flensburgh lye before you South from the chanel of Flensburgh there lye three Rivers or chanels more where great shippes may goe in that is the Sleye Nilhofvoert and the Kiel from Flensburgh to the Kiel the land reacheth s s e and somewhat easterlyer 7 leagues From Sonderburgh to the Sleye The Sleye the course is s e. and by e. 4 leagues This is a deepe wide chanel first reaching in about west and when you are within then it runneth by Sleeswick Sleeswick about s e. and by w. there also come manie great ships out the towne of Gottorp Gottorp also lyeth upon this River Between the Sleye and the Kiel lyeth Nihofvoert Nilhofvoert and upon it there lyeth a towne called Eckelenford The Haven of Kiel is a great wide haven it reacheth in about s e. a great ship may goe into it Kill haven From Kiel to the west ende of Femeren Femeren it is e. n. e. eight leagues From the Poelsche sand to Femeren over Colbergher Heyde Colberger Heyde the course is e. s e. 13 or 15 leagues but from the south ende of Langhesand it is s e. and by e. seven leagues The chanel betweene Femeren and Laland is 5 or 6 fathome deepe You may sayle round about Femeren there it is flat ground you may runne through betweene Femeren and Holsterland at 8 or 10 foot water there lyeth a towne called Heyligher Haven Heyliger haven where you may ancker with flat bottomed ships to lade wheat or barley IIII. To sayle from Femeren to Lubeck and so forth along the Coast from Mekelenburgh to the Ielle FRom the Iland of Femeren to Gester Sand the course is e. and by n. about 11 leagues but from Femeren to the Trave of Lubeck Trave of Lubeck it is s s w. eleven leagues There goeth in a good chanel for great ships and it is 12 foot deepe upon the banck There is also a great Creeke a good Haven where you may lye safe against al windes except a n. e. a n.n.e. winde From the Trave of Lubeck to Gester sand the course is n. e. and s w. about 19 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Wismar haven the course is first n. e. and by e. and then e. n. e. there goeth in a good chanel for all kinde of ships To sayle into Wismare haven To sayle into Wismar haven place the steeple which standeth upon the south land south from you and so sayle in untill the steeple standing on the east land by the easterly house be against five or sixe houses and by those houses stand some trees together from the east ende there commeth a Sand shooting off
and reacheth n. w. by n. off from the east land and when the steeple commeth upon the houses then goe in s s e and in that deepe it is 12 foot water In the Somer there lye two tōnes in the chanel the one upon the point of the Sand which commeth shooting off from the east land and the other upon the the flat ground you must runne in through them both This Wismare haven lyeth distant from Femeren south and by east about 7 or 8 leagues but from Wismare to Gester sand the course is n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues About south from Gester sand lyeth Rostock Rostock and there also goeth in a faire haven of tenne foot deepe but it is verie flat on both sides you may use it on both sides with the lead Wismaer and Rostock are distant about 8 or 9 leagues A litle east from Rostock lyeth a high land called Robbenes Robbenes from it there reacheth off a great Sand or flat to the Seaward toward Gester sand betweene Gester sand and this Sand it is no deeper then 12 or 13 fathome if you goe nearest to Gester sand then it is presently drie but if you goe nearest to this Sand then it is sometimes drier Gester sand as I said before is a drie Sand and runneth at least two leagues into the Sea Right east from this Sand aforesaid lyeth Berts Berts There goeth in a chanel of sixe foot deepe and on the west point there reacheth off a Sand which you must shunne Three or four leagues east from Berts the Ielle goeth in To sayle into the Ielle at eight or tenne foot deepe there you may goe into Mesond or Straelsond and going into it you may see the steeple of Mesond lying before you within it is 12 and 14 foot deepe altogether flat water When you sayle to Lubeck betweene the land of Cruysoort and Holsterland it sheweth thus on both sides Wismar Great Cruysoort Litle Cruysoort Holsterland The East point Thus the Coast of Mekelenburgh sheweth betweene Cruysoort and Dornebos or the Ielle when you sayle along by it a league from the land Berts Robbenes Rostock Oudevaer Buck point V. The situation of Dornbos Witmont Iasmont the Peert and Newe deepe Thorne-bush THe point of Dornbos lyeth from Ielle north by west a league and an half under it you may ancker lye safe against a northeast and southwest winde From Dornebos to Witmont Witmont the course is northeast and by east four leagues Betweene Dornebos and Witmont there goeth in a great Creeke you may there runne into it along by Witmont and there anckor at five or sixe fathome safe against a southwest and east winde From Witmont to Iasmont Iasmont the course is eastsoutheast two great leagues Betweene Witmont and Iasmont you may also ancker there also is a good Rode at seven or eight fathome there you may lye safe against a west and south winde but further from the land at tenne or twelve fathome there is foule ground From Iasmont to the Peert The Peert the course is s s e. two leagues Betweene Iasmont and the Peert one may ride it against a west southwest and south winde it is there all over faire ground The Peert which is also called the Great Bocke upon Iasmont is a heape or two of trees and it is an out-point with two points or endes and there betweene them is a brave Sandbaye where it is good lying at four five fathome faire ground To sayle into the Newe deepe A league south from the Peert the Newe Deepe goeth in right within the point there lyeth a foule ground under the water and somewhat inwards to the southerlyest point lyeth a drie Sand. To sayle into the Newe Deepe holde the two points one over the other that is the Peert on the souththerlyest point and hold it so standing and so you shall sayle right upon the first tonne since there former yeeres there have three tonnes beene layed in the middle of the faire water southsouthwest and northnortheast from each other From the third tonne to the beacon that standeth upon the ende of the Sand that shooteth off from the Roeden the course is southeast by it you may goe about and anckor behinde the Iland at five or sixe fathome Or if you will goe quite within then runne upon the point of Gripswolde and thereby you may then turne up westwards to Mesond or eastwards to Stetin To Mesond and Stetin That chanel is about twelve foot deepe and within it is all flat and for the most part two or three fathome till you be before the towne of Mesond or Straelsond There lyeth an Iland and there is the Veer to set over upon the land of Ruyghen The towne of Gripswold Gripswold lyeth in the entrie right before you in the River The Coast of Pomeren reacheth from the Newe Deepe to Colsberghen east and by north and eastnortheast 16 or 17 leagues But betweene Colsberghen and the Newe Deepe there lye two Havens more first the Swin Swin lying from the Newe Deepe seven leagues it runneth through with a River up to Haf right over against the River of Stetin From the Swin to Camin it is eastnortheast five leagues Camin Camin lyeth upon the east ende of the Stetynsche Haf and goeth also with a River to Haf Thus Witmont sheweth when you sayle by it being two leagues from the land Thus Iasmond sheweth when you sayle by it being two leagues from the land VI. The situation of the Iland of Borneholme and of the Ertholmes THe Iland of Borneholme lyeth from the Newe-deepe north and by east sixteene leagues but from Witmont northeast and by east twelve leagues From Valsterbon to sayle north about Borneholme it is east and by north nineteene leagues but from Valsterbon to sayle south about it is east and by south one-and-twentie or two-and twentie leagues Borneholme Borneholme is an Iland which is round about faire and one may sound it round about at twelve and thirteene fathome and on the southwest side at eight or nine fathome without anie daunger But on the southeast ende there lyeth a Sand called Brouwers sand which you must shunne You may anckor round about Bornholme as before Rottum Nex Swanex and Santwick Betweene Rottum Rottum and the castle which standeth upon the northwest point you may anckor at thirteene fathome and there you lye safe against a northeast winde You may also anckor under the castle at eighteene or twentie fathome but the nearer to the land the fouler ground Under the northwest point before Santwick there also it is good anckoring for a southwest winde and you may goe boldly neare to the point From the northwest point to the other point the land reacheth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest On the east side of Borneholme it is good anckoring before Swanex and Nex Suanex Nex but by Nex it is not verie
may sayle forward to Schaghen so about it I have alreadie declared it at large in the fourth Chapter of this Book whereunto I referre the Reader and leave it here as needelesse to be rehersed againe VIII How the streames runne in these places THrough the Sands and the Sond the streame commonly goeth with the winde but most about the North when a hard east winde bloweth and then the streame runneth out north Betweene Waersberghen and Masterland in the chanel the streame also goeth most with the winde and it raveleth there sometimes upon certaine places as if they were Sands this you may see in calme wether when you let a lead sinke upon the ground By Schaghen the streame commonly commeth falling out of the Belt and falleth to the Northeast land specially when the winde hath for a while blowne out of the east or northeast if you come from Anout and will sayle to Schaghen by night with a west winde or cōming out of the west about Schaghen with a southerly winde you would with those streames soone be driven under Norwaie before you should once thinke or imagine so much To conclude in this chanel of Valsterboen and from Steden to the Sond forth from the Sond to Schaghen it behooveth a Master or Pilot of a shippe to be verie circumspect and not to be carelesse or negligent to shunne all the daungers of the multitude of foule Sands Rocks and Shallowes which are therein and about the same therefore he that will use these Seas must be verie warie for that one that is well acquainted with them hath ynough to doe to looke to himself Thus the Iland of Anout sheweth when you come from Lezou Thus Lezou sheweth when you come from Schaghen IX How these Lands and places are distant from each other FRom the tonne upon Valsterboen sand to the tonne on Draker sand south and north 5 leagues From Steden to the tonne upon Draker sand north and by east 6 leagues The tonnes in the Sands or Shallowes how they lye distant is alreadie shewed From the north tonne in the Shallowes to the Sond north and by west 7 leagues From the Kuycke to the tonne upon Drakersand northeast 6 leagues From Steden to Malmuyen northnortheast 8 leagues From Malmuyen to Reefsholme west 5 leagues From Malmuyen to Weeme northwest and northwest and by north 7 leagues From Lantscrone to Elsenore westnorthwest 3 leagues From Weene to Lappesand northnorthwest 3 leagues From Elsenore or Lappesand to Col northwest and northwest and by north 5 leagues From Col to Engleholme east 4 leagues From Engleholme to Tuerko northwest 4 leagues From the point of Tuerco behinde Swederoer to Laholme eastnortheast 3 leagues From Laholme to Tuylo northwest and by west 5 leagues From Tuylo to Waersberghen norhwest 5 leagues From Waersberghen to Malesond n. n. w. 5 leagues From Malesond to Winno northnorthwest 3 leagues From Winno to Masterland northwest 5 leagues From Masterland to the west ende of the Paternosters westsouthwest 3 leagues From the point of Col to Haselin s w. by w. 8 leagues From Col to the out-point of Zeeland southwest 5 leagues From Col to the south ende of Swedero northeast 4 leagues From Col to Waersberghen north and by west 12 leagues From Waersberghen to Nydingh northwest 5 leagues From Nydingh to Malesond n. e. and n. e. by e. 1½ league From Nydingh to Masterland northnorthwest 8 or 9 leagues From Col to the Sand of Anout northwest 10 or 11 leagues From Haselin to Anouts sand north 11 leagues From the Sand of Anout to the Trindle northwest 11 leagues From the Trindle to Schagen sand northwest 8 leagues But from within the Trindle to the sand of Schagen northwest and by north also 8 leagues When you come from Schagen and will goe without about the Trindle the course is southeast and by east 8 leagues From the north ende of the Sand of Lesou to Schagen the course is northnorthwest 8 leagues XI Crosse courses in Schaghen Reach FRom Waersberghen to Anoult or Anouts Sand southwest 10 leagues From Waersberghen to Lesou west 16 leagues From Waersberghen to the Trindle west and by north distant 13 leagues From Waersberghen to Schagen is the course westnorthwest 19 or 20 leagues From Nydingh to Schagen west and by north distant about 15 or 16 leagues From Nileus to Schaghen west 15 leagues From Masterland to Lezou southwest and southwest and by south 13 or 14 leagues From Masterland to Schagen westsouthwest 12 leagues And how the most part of the places and havens of Norwaie are distant from Schagen it is alreadie set downe in the third Chapter and also in the Chapter ensewing Here followeth the Carde N. 30. Eÿgentlÿcke beschryvinghe der Zeecusten van Noor weghen tusschen der Neus en̄ de Pater-nosters met alle havens daer tusschen beÿden geleghen daer beneffens de Custe van Jutlandt vande Holms aff tot om Schaghen hoemē die bescÿlen en̄ hem voor alle periculen hoeden sal Naifve description des Costes marines de Norvege entre le Cape der Neuse et les Paternostres avecq tous les Ports de mer la entredeux situez Ensemble la coste de Juthlan de des Holmes jusques au de la Schaghen et comment on les navigera et evitera tous inconvenients et dangiers CHAPTER XI A DESCRIPTION OF the Coasts of Norwaie lying betweene Masterland and the Neus I. The situation betweene the Paternosters and the Iland Farder BEhinde the Paternosters as I shewed in the Chapter before there goeth a broad River into the land whereon the round hill of Britto lyeth Britto hill which is a hill verie well to be knowne when it is eastnortheast from you then you are right before Masterland North upward from this River lyeth Kerckesond a great River which reacheth far into the land Kerckesond Harmensond Harmenshooft Three leagues north from Kerckesond lyeth Harmensond by it there lyeth an Iland called Harmenshooft Harmenshooft and the west ende of the Paternosters lye di-distant north and by west and south and by east five leagues Boochscharre From Harmenshooft to Suyderwicxholme the course is northnorthwest four or five leagues betweene them both lyeth Boochscharre Suyderwicholme Suyderwicxholme Noderwixholme are two great Ilands which lye upon a great River which runneth up farre into the land whereon manie townes lye which are also farre up in the land as Oldborch Oldwat Aleroes and Dragens from whence much fatte wares come Ottrom North from thence lyeth Ottrom which also is a great River or Creeke reaching into the land Akersond West from Ottrom lyeth the Iland of Akersond which you may sayle round about The Iland of Akersond lyeth from Zuyderwicxholme northwest and by west five leagues Schip hill By Akersond north from Ottrom lyeth Schiphill it is a haven where men lade sparres and other fatte wares The Sisters From Akersond to the Sisters
southerlyer 14 or 16 leagues From Warhouse to the point of Kegor or Osterhaven southeast and southeast and by south 11 or 12 leagues From the point of Kegro to Laus southeast and southeast and by south about 9 leagues From Laus to the River of Cola south and by east and southsoutheast about 11 leagues From Kilduyn to the Seven Ilands southeast 19 leagues From the Seven Ilands to Swetenose southeast 21 leagues From Swetenose to Lambasco southsoutheast 13 leagues From Lambasco to Orlogenes southsoutheast and south and by east about 6 or 7 leagues From Orlogenes to Cape de Candenoes northeast 47 leagues From Kilduyn to Costintsarke upon Nova Zembla east and by north 118 leagues VI. Of the heigth of these Countreys THe Iland of Kilduyn lyeth under 69 degrees 34 minutes Cape de Candenose lyeth under 68 degrees 46 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 36. CHAPTER XV. A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Russia Corellen and Lapland and also the Coast of Russia betweene Cape de Candenose and Nova Zembla or the Strait of Waigats I. The situation betweene Orloghones and the River of Archangel FRom Orloghones to the three Ilands Three Ilands as I have also shewed in the Chapter before the course is southsoutheast five leagues from thence three leagues distant southsouthwest lyeth the river of Ponoy Ponoy The Mouth of the White Sea is but eleven leagues broad about four leagues from the three Ilands in the middle of the Mouth of the White Sea there lyeth a Sand A Sand in the Mouth of the white Sea which in some places at a lowe water is bare you must sayle westward about it and you may also goe eastward about it but there it is flatte water and verie shallowe From the three Ilands to the Iland Sousnowits which is coÌ„monly called the Crosse Iland Crosse Iland the course is southsouthwest thirteene leagues but from Ponoy it is eleven leagues Sousnowits Southeast and by south from the three Ilands on the Russia side the Mesensche Golf Mesensche Golfe goeth in whereinto there runneth a great river to Colmogro and there goeth another river into the land whereon the towne of Slowodo Slowodo lyeth From the Crosse Iland or Sousnowits to the Cats or Catsnose point which is also called the Blue or Graie point Catsnoes or Graie point the course is southwest and by south twentie or one-and-twentie leagues upon the south side of the chanel there lyeth a banck Banck which is no deeper then three fathome it is at least seven or eight leagues long and reacheth southwest and by west and northeast and by east From Catsnose point to the Mouth of the river of Archangel the course is south and by west seventeene leagues Thus the Iland of Orloghones sheweth southward from the three Ilands Ponoy and the Crosse Iland Crosse Iland Ponoy Orloghones Three Ilands II. How you shall sayle into and up the River of Archangel VVhen you goe south and by west from Blue point to S. Nicolas you see the land a great waie west from S. Nicolas which sheweth like a long peece of land and a litle nearer to the River you see more land which openeth it self as if it were a round Iland and after that you may see the steeple of S. Nicolas S. Nicolas when the steeple of S. Nicolas standeth south and south and by west from you then you are open before the Mouth of the River of Archangel Markes of the haven If you will goe into the River then sayle upon the steeple of S. Nicolas untill you see the Cape which standeth upon the west side place that a lever or bowe length west from S. Nicolas steeple then there come two small downes under the said steeple those two small downes lye right west from the crosse downe and there lyeth also another downe westward which also is greater for those downes are verie small then the steeple standeth also in a valleye of the wood which are all markes of this haven Having brought the Cape so as I said then sayle in upon it south and south and by west and sometimes somewhat easterlyer You may also place the Cape and the steeple right against each other and goe in upon them Depth in the chanel then you goe in along by the west side which farre off from the land is altogether flatte Wâ—thout before the haven it is five four and three fathome deepe but in the mouth or upon the Drumple of the haven it is no deeper at high water then fiveteene or sixteene foot and at lowe water twelve or thirteene foot But when you can not see the Cape or that it is gone then you may bring the towne of S. Nicolas into the wood in such manner as that almost the third part of the wood be westward and almost the other two third partes of the wood stand eastward of it When you have gotten to the mouth of the River you must sometimes goe easterlyer as south and south and by east till you come to the west side then goe close along by it and put not off from it untill you come against the white pleck or place on the west side to the place the which is marked in the Carde with the letter A. Then strike over from it east and by south and eastsoutheast right to the point of the wood on the east side and so southeast along by the east side close by the land but against the two Ilands which lye on starborde it is verie foule and shallowe along by the east side which you must look to but goe along by the east side untill you come to the first river on baghborde then strike over againe to the west side southsouthwest to the bought there on the east side it is flatte water and when you are in the bought then goe on eastsoutheast and then east and by south to the Stone-reach Stone-reach there sayle in the middle of the river along by the tonnes for they lye in the middle of the chanel and on both the sides of the tonnes it is uneven rugged ground When you come against the Stone-reach there standeth a fishers house upon the west side by the litle river that runneth into the land on the north ende or west ende of the Stone reach against that foresaid house there lyeth a great stone under the water about which you may sayle on both sides it lyeth about the middle in the chanel as you sayle forward but Mariners are accustomed to sayle westward about along by the west side as also through the Stone-reach for the west side is deepe ynough and in some places soft yeelding ground but the east side is full of stones When you are past the tonnes then you must againe keepe some thing off from the shore There was wonte to lye an Iland at the ende of the Stone reach but not long since it is wholly cutte and broken awaie by
the yce When you are through the Stone-reach then the course is first southeast and then southeast and by south into the bought then goe eastsoutheast and keepe along by the west side till you see the towne of Archangel Archangel then sayle right to it but shunne the point on baghborde for that is foule To sayle further up the river from Archangel to Colmogro it is about twelve or thirteene leagues To sayle to Colmogro most southeast crooking about according to the stretching of the crookings of the River From the haven of Podessemsche or from the River of Archangel to the Rode of S. Nicholas it is four leagues there standeth a beacon upon the ende of the Iland whereon the English house standeth and west from that beacon is the Rode for the English shippes at sixe or seven fathome as you lye neare or farre from the land The English river English River reacheth in eastnortheast and northeast and by east along by the closter of S. Nicolas but it is a drie River so that no shippes may goe into it but you must lade your shippes with lighters or boates About southwest and southwest and by west from the mouth of the River of Archangel there lyeth a Salt-Iland Salt Iland whereon there standeth a closter it is fast to the firme land From thence to Cape de Onega Cape de Onega the land reacheth west and by north III. The situation of the Coast of Russia betweene Cape de Candenoes and Nova Zembla CApe de Candenoes Cape de Candenoes and Orloghones lye distant northeast and southwest seven-and-fortie leagues this point of Candenoes is a place well to be knowne upon it there stand five Crosses for markes and when you fall upon it you may perfectly perceive that the land falleth on the one side southwest to the white Sea and southeast to the other side About thirteene leagues east from Cape de Candenoes there lyeth an Iland called Morsonowits Morsonowits and east there goeth a great creeke into the land but it is verie flatte water with manie shallowes and dwalegrounds Eere now it hapened that some ships sayled intâ— this place thinking that they sayled into the mouth of the white Sea knewe not where they were for it is almost one heigth stretching with the white Sea but it is easily to be knowne and discerned by the land for the Coast of Russia east from Candenoes is altogether downie lands and flat strand but the Coast of Lapland is high and hillie Within this River there runneth up a River through the land which you may goe through with Lodges into the White Sea Against this creeke about six-and-twentie leagues east and east and by south from Candenoes lyeth the Iland of Colgoia Colgoia which is thirteene leagues long you may sayle round about it but on the south side there goeth a great Sand or shelf along by the land when you come out of the east you must shunne it for it is fast to the west ende of the Iland Upon this Iland there are a great number of Geese which in Somer are all cleane naked without anie fethers they sitte and hatch upon one egge which lyeth under them and so breede their young ones and are so great a number there that the Russians goe there on land with their Lodges and laye a deale or board upon the land and drive the geese with staves in so great number into their Iachts and Lodges that they salt great number of them in barrels From Candenoes to the Iland Tussara Tussara it is eastsoutheast three-and-fortie leagues Betweene them both the Creeke aforesaid goeth in West from Tussara lyeth the point of Swelgenoes Swelgenoes From Tussara to the River of Colcova Colcova the course is east seveÌ„ leagues it is a good River being twelve foot deepe but there is no other trade there but that the Russians come thither from Colmogro and S. Nicolas with Lodges to traffique there and to barter their wares for skinnes and other wares Seven leagues east from the River of Colcova lyeth the river of Pitsana Pitsana in it there is but sixe foot water it is an unknowne place but right west from it there lyeth a Sand which you must shunne for Oliver Brunel in his voyage to Nova Zembla fell on ground upon it About thirteene leagues east from Pitsana lyeth the River of Pitsora Pitsora which reacheth in by the east point southsoutheast it is twelve foot deepe there the land is lowe and downie and on the west side there standeth a Packhouse with some Crosses when you are within the River then you turne up westward to the Packhouse and there you must ancker at three and four fathome for there is a great Haf or Inland-water you must shuÌ„ne the east side of the River for it is full of Sands and Bankes The towne of Pitsora lyeth about six-and-twentie dutch myles into the Land and there is great abundance of Skinnes and Cristal Betweene Pitsora and Waygates lyeth Oltgin Oltgin and without upon the land there lye two rockes or â—ands the one called Orangien â—raâ—gâ—a the other Grave Maurits Graâ—l Mourits there you may ancker under them at sixe or seven fathome from the southerlyest there commeth a Sand shooting off but you may well sound it at three fathome East and west from these two Ilands there is a great Creeke it is flatte water there the land runneth round about to the point of Pitsora altogether in one Creeke from Pitsora to Waygates and it is from Pitsora to Waygates northeast and northeast and by east two-and-thirtie leagues IIII. The situation of Waygates and Nova Zembla VVaygates Waygates which also is called the Strait of Nossowe is a Strait which you may sayle through into the Tartarian Sea which first reacheth about east and then northeast till you be through it about eight or nine leagues about the middle thereof there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle about on both sides A litle within the point on the north side there lyeth a faire Baye Traâ—nbâ—y which you may sayle into as deepe as you will at five four and three fathome good ancker grounâ— along by the east side it is deepe water and there you lye â—aâ—e from all kinde of windes and currants of yce This Strait or narrowe passage hath been twice sought to finde a waie to goe north about Tartaria to the rich Kingdomes of China and Cathaya and so to the Molucques but it was all in vaine because of the great yce which all the yeere long stayeth there and can never melt by meanes of the continuall colde From the east ende of the Strait of Waygates to the Creeke of Oby Oby it is eastsoutheast southeast by east fortie leagues There eastward the land reacheth forth northeast fortie leagues more to the two northerly rivers then reacheth
lyeth west from Margat and goe northwest and by west then you shal finde the first toÌ„ne lying on the south side of the north Lassen from thence to the second tonne the course is west and west and by north it lyeth upon the point of Lassen you must leave them both on starborde southward over against the second tonne standeth the beacon upon the Spil leave it on baghborde when you goe in when you are against this tonne then the Recolvers stand south from you From the tonne upon the Lassen or the beacon upon the Spill over the Swalve to Sheppie the course is west and by north and westnorthwest but look well to your streames for the flood falleth verie strongly into the Swalve when you come to Sheppie then hold Quinborowe over against the trees which stand in the middle upon the I le of Sheppie or without upon the point of the land and goe close by Sheppie within two cables length of the land to shunne the point of the Spaniard The Spaniard which commeth shooting toward Sheppie and then goe forward to the chanel as I said before In the chanel betweene the tonne upon the Lassen and Sheppie it is flatte water and is not used by shippes that drawe much water but such as will goe with great shippes along by the Foreland up the river they sayle through the fishermens chanel FishermeÌ„s chanel and as soone as they are past the tonne upon the Lassen they goe first northward so come out against the point of Blacktayle from thence they sayle westsouthwest to the chanel as I said before IIII. How to sayle out of the River of London IF you will sayle out of the River of Thames then goe from the beacon upon the Noore eastnortheast to the beacon upon the Shooe Now when the beacon upon the Shooe is on your left hand then you are in a good waie for there it is eight or nine fathome deepe From the beacon upon the Shooe to Whitakers beacon the course is northeast and northeast and by north when you are somewhat past it holding the same course there you shall finde a tonne which comming to you shall see a speere steeple standing on the land and a white or redde house upon the side of the land place that house and the steeple one against the other and sayle north and by west upon them then you shall goe over a Sand of three fathome deepe at half flood which Sand is called the Spits when you are over that Sand have sixe or seven fathome deepe againe then goe northeast towards the point of the Nase till you come to it theÌ„ leave Goenvliet on starborde From the Nase there reacheth a chanel east and by north and eastnortheast into the Sea if you will sayle out there then place Walton in the valley south from the Nase and then goe east and by north and eastnortheast into the Sea through betweene Goenvliet and Coersand When you come off from the beacon of the Shooe and are past Whitakers beacon and come neere unto the tonne then there runneth a chanel eastnortheast into the Sea of five sixe or seven fathome deepe this chanel is called the Kings or Queenes chanel The Kings chanel There lyeth a Sand on the south side called the Muys The Muys the foot whereof reacheth far into the north They that should desire to sayle out at this chanel comming eastnortheast from Whitakers beacon should easily miscarie behinde a point or foot of Sand which reacheth about half waie out froÌ„ the Muys On the north side of the chanel lyeth Goenvliet which at lowe water or half flood is drie Against the north ende of the drie sand there lyeth a banck shooting off which is two fathome deepe at half flood which banck is called Westrocks Westrocks it is verie stonie and uneven you must shunne it But if you will sayle from the Thames to the Recolvers then place the steeple which staÌ„deth above Lee haven a lever or bowe length south from the heap of trees keepe it standing so sayle to it untill the steeple of Whitstaple commeth against the black hillock which is there within the land Markes of the Spaniard now when those markes are one against the other then you are against the Spaniard and you can not sayle by it from Lee haven with such markes V. Of the running and falling of the streames against these places BEtweene the Holmes Yarmouth the bankes of Harwich the flood falleth south and the ebbe north Betweene Orfordnes in the chanel the streame falleth southsoutheast Betweene Orfordnes and the Foreland the streames fall without the Sands south and by east and southsoutheast From Dover to the Foreland the flood runneth within Goodwin sands through over the Quernes north and the ebbe south But by the Foreland in to the Recolvers the flood falleth westsouthwest and west and by south About without Goodwin sands the flood falleth north and by west and northnorthwest then also the flood commeth there from the north and meete together and so falles into the Sands and chanels North from the Galper you can recon no ebbe but that which goeth along by England about the north nor no flood more then that which goeth south about The streames as I said before fall there most as the Coast stretcheth The floods out of the north and from the south meete each other about the Galper and so fall with great raveling over the sands towards Flanders In the chanel betweene the Flemish Bankes and the Heads the streame goeth about with the Sonne so that it falleth but litle along the Seas VI. What Moone maketh high water in these Places VVithout the bankes of Yarmouth a southeast and northwest moone maketh high water But at Yarmouth a southsoutheast moone maketh ful Sea At Leystaf and Orfordnes a southsoutheast moone maketh high water And at Harwich also a southsoutheast moone doth the like Before the Thames a southsoutheast moone maketh high water Within the Thames a south and by east moone maketh high water At the Foreland a south and north moone makes full Sea VII Of the depths and Bankes about these Places and at what depths you may see the land FOur leagues about east and by south without the Bâ—nkes or Hâ—lmes of Yarmouth there lyeth a banck called the Newe Sand it is but two fathome deepe Five or sixe leagues without Yarmouth Leystaf southeast and by east in the Sea it is seven-and-twentie and eight-and-twentie fathome and being there you may see the land Against Orfordnes you may see the land upon the hatches at two-and-twentie fathome About east from the Nase seven or eight leagues into the Sea there lyeth a banck called the Galper it is five sixe and seven fathome deepe and lyeth about thirteene leagues northeast and by north from the Foreland On it the streame alwaie raveleth much The west Rockes lye southeast from the Nase about three leagues distant
lead at 5 6 7 fathome The markes of this reach are these when the mill of Oostereynd which is a buert house upon Tessell is right upon the cape which is made upon the dyke Markes of VogelsaÌ„d to Copevaerders Rode then you are in the middle of the chanell but when the milles are any thing southward or westward from the cape then you are by the south wall which is steepe so that with lavering you can come no nearer unto it theÌ„ 8 or 9 fathome the right deepe is 10 11 and 12 fathome but when you are upon Vogelsand the south wall is flatter but the east wall is altogether shoring and as sone as you perceive that it beginneth to drie theÌ„ you must winde otherwise you would presently be upon the wall When you are about Vogelsand then keepe the cape and the mil one against the other so long until the horne is right against certaine houses which stand a litle inward to the laÌ„d northward from Skonse called South-haffell let that stand so untill you be at Copevaerders Roade Copevaerders Rode and there ankor where you think good before Oosterende it is best for smale ships for there it is flat water and there runneth the least streame but most ships ankor before Geest III. How a man shal sayle from Coopevaerders Rode to Huysduynen and out of the mouth of the Tessell IF you will sayle from Copevaerders Rode to Huysduynen then goe southwest to the newe deepe or goe along by Tessel side at 9 and 10 fathome till you come to the Helder and if you will sayle out at the Spaniards gat then goe west close by the shore and sometymes somewhat northerly untill the capes stand right against Huysduynen then put to the north shore at 5 or 6 fathome water and so goe forward Schelvis downes but when the Wambus is right against a high white downe which Pilots cal Schelvis downâ—s there it is flatter water and there you may goe nearer to the north shore at 3 or 4 fathome water and as neare as you will your self till you come out for there the north points are altogether flat but you must not goe near all the south wal of the Spaniards gat with your lead for it is verie shoring If you wil sayle out of the Slenck To sayle out at the Slenck then goe out by Huysduynen as I said before untill the capes be one against the other then goe nortdwest til the Wambus or Sint Iohns Towre upon Tessel are within a bow length of the cape but not right against each other As you sayle in this manner from HuysduyneÌ„ be verie warie specially with a fore ebbe of the south shore for that is verie shallowe and the fore-ebbe falleth verie strong south-south-west crosse over the Grounds and falleth not out at the Spaniards gat before the Moone is about east north east When the lop or inner cape of Huysduynen is even with the south ende of the downes which is called Wierendyke then you are close by the south shore which are good markes for those that knowe them When the cape upon Tessell Markes of the innermost ton and the Wambus are about a bow length one neare an other there you shal have the innermost toÌ„ne of the Slenck theÌ„ goe west-south-west and sometymes somewhat more southerly as southwest and by west then southwest but yet do as you finde the winde and streame to serve your turne and leave all those four tonnes on baghbords for they lye all neare to the east shore you may easily see them one after the other the walles on either side are indifferent flat and in the Slenck you shall finde three fathome an half or four fathome water at half flood Markes of the uttermost ton When the milles upon Huysduynen are right against the old Kerckbuert that is a fewe houses standing above north from Kickeduyn then you are right against the uttermost tonne and out of the chanel then the Wambus is a bowe length westward from the cape of Tessel To sayle out of the LaÌ„ddeepe But if you will sayle out at the Land deepe chanel then ruÌ„ne along by the foot strand of Huysduynen about a bowe shoote from it and then you shal not misse the innermost tonne which lyeth upon the threshold on the west wall at three fathome and there it is not verie broad Upon the Tessell on the Newe land there standeth a house with red tyles upon it when the church of Burgh on Tessell is a shippes length neare to that red tyled house then you hold a good course but if the Burgher church and that red tyled house aforesaid are right over against each other Markes of the deepest water then you should sayle upon the west shore Upon old Iaeps bollen when you are right against the entrie then the ground alters verie drie for at one cast of the lead you shal have 15 or 16 fathome at the second seven or eight fathome and at the third three fathome and when the winde bloweth somewhat you may se the waves break on both sides which you may passe through betweene them when you are over the entrie which continueth about three or four castes of the lead then you have three an half four four an half fathome deepe Upon Huysduynen there standeth a tonne upon a mast let that be somewhat westerly from the inner cape which then standeth about north from you hold it so and then goe til you be cleane out of the chanell and let the tonne lye to Seaward from you When the myl upon Huysduynen is right against the high Kickedownes then you are by the third and uttermost tonne and free of all shallowes then direct your course which way you will IIII. How you shall sayle out of the Vlie A tonne upon the Flatte NOrth from the Monick-sloot there lyeth a Flatte and thereon there lyeth a tonne from the Sloot to the toÌ„ne it is north-north-east The toÌ„ne lyeth at three fathome and when you sayle out you must leave it on the starreborde in the chanell betweene the Sloot and the tonne it is 10 9 and 8 fathome deepe and against that tonne five fathome from this tonne upon the Flatte to the southerlyest white tonne at Speckhooke Spechook the course is northeast and it lyeth on the northwall at twelve foot deepe at lowe water but from the tonne upon the Flatte to the black toÌ„ne at Speckhooke the course is east-north-east but yet as the winde and streame serveth for with an ebbe you must sayle east to get above the white tonne The black tonne at Speckhook lyeth at 3 fathome lowe water or at three fathome and an half half stood The chanel betweene them both is right against the tonne upon the Flat three fathome but further forward it is dryer so that against the white tonne it is not deeper then thirteene or fourteene foote deepe at lowe water But when you
you sayle not upon the heads you can not goe amisse upon the Dykes VII To sayle into the Botkill SteenbaÌ„ck TO sayle into the Botkill you must do it by day and take heede of Stonebanck which is a banck lying a league an half from the Land of Walcheren along in the Sea stretching to the Botkill The markes of this banck are these there standeth a steeple betweene Eastchappel Markes thereof and Westchappel called Domburgh now when the steeple of Middleburgh standeth just betweene Eastchappel Domburgh then you are at the eastende of this banck and when Middleburgh and Domburgh are one against the oâ—her then you are right over against the middle of that banck but when Westchappel is east-south-east from you or in a black valley in the downes then you are against the west ende of that banck If you will goe within or sayle eastward about that banck to enter into Botkill To sayle about on the east side of the SteenbaÌ„ck to Botkill then place Middleburgh steeple half way betweene Eastchappel Domburgh but let Eastchappell be nearest and so go towards the strand at 4 fathome and an half 5 5 fathome and an half and cast out your lead along by the wall but when you come betweene Domburgh and Westchappell there runneth a sand off from the Wall called the Cloots which take heede of therfore sayle south-south-west or south-west by south forward so long untill that Westchappel standeth southeast from you or in a black valley in the downes keepe it standing so untill that the two steeples of Eastchappel Domburgh be one against the other and hold the Mayland side at 4 and an half 5 and 6 fathome deepe And the two towres aforesaid that is Eastchappell S. Achten or Domburgh are a litle past each other then presently you finde deeper water that is 9 or 10 fathome then sayle southeast or southeast by south as the winde sâ—rves along the strand to Flushing But if you will sayle without or about on the west-side of the Stone banck to the Botkill To sayle on the west-side of the stone-baÌ„ck into the Botkill then runne so long about east or west as you see your waie untill that Westchappel be east-southeast from you and then Westchappel standeth in a black valley of the downes sayle so long â—owards it untill the steeples aforesaid of Eastchappel Domburgh are one somewhat past the other then as aforesaid you get deeper water then runne forward along by the land of Flushing the Sea-coast there lyeth southeast and southeast by south When you are against Souteland then ruÌ„ne close by the foot-strand A Flatte against Souteland for against Souteland there reacheth out a Flatte and you must sayle through betweene that Flatte and the strand and there it is not verie broad The land of Walcheren is a lowe plaine land to see to but upon it there standeth manie steeples which for the most part in times past were sharp steeples but at this time the most part of them are flatte Flushing hath a spier steeple but Westchappel hath a high flatte steeple From Flushing to Westchappel it is three leagues and betweene both there lyeth manie rough downes the land betweene them reacheth northwest and by north Next to Flushing standeth Koukerck which is a sharpe steeple but next to Westchappel standeth Souteland which is a flattish steeple When you are in the Deurloy then Westchappel standeth bare without downes FroÌ„ Westchappel to Domburgh it is a league that also is a sharp steeple and standeth next the strand a quarter of a league eastward standeth Eastchappel which is a flat steeple About a league eastward from the Hacken or Polder which is the north ende of the land of Walcheren there is a lowe downish land to behold Southeast up from this Hacken lyeth the Polder which also is a flatte steeple By it also there standeth another flatte steeple called Sandwick Veer also hath a short thick flatte steeple and upon that steeple there standeth a smal speere so that it is verie easie to be known But Middleburgh hath a high speere steeple which is higher then all the rest Thus the land of Walcheren sheweth it self when you are in the Deurloy or before the Splete VVestchappel Souteland Middleburgh-Souburgh Koukerck Flushing VIII How you must sayle in and out of the Deurloy IF you wil sayle into the Deurloy then you must runne over the Raen The Raen with your lead untill the sconce is a masts length from Westchappel that is that Westchappel standeth a mast length northward from the sconce sayle towards it untill the castle of Sluys be right east froÌ„ the high downs of Casand there at a foreflood you shall finde four fathome water which is upon the threshold of the chanel where it will strait be over and then you shall finde it a great half fathome deeper Now when the castle of Sluys standeth on the east corner of the high downes of Casand then goe in southeast and southeast and by south untill that Middleburgh commeth to the high downes which are betweene the Isehooke and Souteland then change your course and goe east towards Flushing and you shall neither sayle by Shallowes nor Sands If you desire to come out of the Deurloy then froÌ„ Flushing goe west so long untill the castle of Sluys be east from the high downes of Casand keepe those markes standing so and goe northwest and by north forward but as winde and streame serveth and as you sayle on this sort out then marke the castle of Sluys and if it be east from the downes of Casand aforesaid then you must hold your course somewhat more westerly and if the castle standeth westward then you must hold your course more northerly and hold it so standing east of the downes as aforesaid untill that Westchappel be a mast length northward from the sconce then you are without all the Sandes that may hinder you and may set your course whether you will IX How to sayle into the Splete THe Splete lyeth betweene the Deurloy and the Wielingen he that desireth to sayle into the Splete or the Wielinges he must knowe that from the banck of the English Pol there reacheth a banck along the coast to Ostende which is called the Trip The Trip. which is about a quarter of a league broad hard sand verie good anckor ground when you come out of the Sea you may perfectly sound the Trip with your lead all along the drougth and it is verie hard Sand. When Blanckenburgh standeth southeast and by east from you then upon the Trip it is 6 fathome deepe with a lowe water and the more westerly the deeper upon the Trip. When you come southeastward a musket shot length or more over the drougth or hardnes of the Trip then presently it is half a fathome deeper and soft ground which is the chanell of the Wielinges If you will sayle into the
Splete comming west out of the Sea leave the coast of Flanders and when you gesse your self to be past Ostende then cast out your lead untill you finde shallower water and harder ground then you are against the Trip when you have found this shallowe be it at 6 7 or 8 fathome water as you are easterly or westerly for the easterlyer the dryer and the westerlyer the deeper as aforesaid then you must not passe over it so towards the land for you should fall into the mouth of the Wielinges but you must there put about a saker shotte or more northward into the Sea until you have it somewhat deeper and soft ground againe for northward from the Trip it is also soft ground like the Wielinges then runne in east-north-east and now then make southward towards the Trip till you have shallowe and hard ground which is the north-side of the Trip hold so all along by the Trip untill that Brugge be over against Liswegen or that Blanckenbergh be on your side then you are against the west point of the Raen in the Splete If so be you can see it then hold Middleburgh standing over a high downe which lyeth betweene Isehooke and Souteland frō which on the east side there lyeth no more downes then goe in east-north-east and then you shall not sayle by any banck or Raen untill the castle of Sluys come within the high downes which lye eastward from Casand when you have these markes goe freely forward to Flushing without any doubt you shall sayle neither by Raesses nor French Pol. But if it chance to be darke or glome wether then you must goe along by the north ende of the Trip east-north-east still sounding with your lead untill you finde the drougth or hard ground of the banck and running so east-north-east along by it then you shall goe in betweene the Raen and the banck The west point of the Raen is verie flatte so that you may easily sound it and in the chanell betweene the banck and the Raen it is soft ground and on either side both on the Raen and on the banck upon the shallowe it is hard ground When in this sort you runne in east-north-east to the dryest part of the banck and that you putte from the banck then it beginneth to be deeper so that you may passe over the banck at 18 foot water half flood but I counsell you not to goe over it least you runne upon the French Pol but keep along by the hard ground of the banck direct your course somewhat easterlyer to shunne the Raesses which reach into the Sea from the Souteland for you can not sound them with your lead then when you are somewhat more inward goe east to Flushing and then you shall sayle by no drougths IF you will sayle out of the Splete How you may sayle out of the Splete then goe from Flushing vvest and by north so long till S. Anne come vvithout the east dovvne of Casand then may you runne forth into vvhat chanel you vvil but if you vvill runne out of the Splete then bring Westchappel out of the dovvnes and Middleburgh against the high dovvne which lyeth betvveene the Isehooke and Souteland If you be next Flanders side then S. Anne commeth first out of the downes but if you be next Walcherens side then Westchappel cōmeth forth first When Middleburgh is against the foresaid downe then goe west-south-west keepe Middleburgh so situate so long as you can see it When Brugghe commeth against Lisweghen then you are past all shallowes you may set your course whither you will or if it fall out that you loose the sight of Middleburgh then runne along out by the course of Raen which you may wholly sound with the lead but the Pol inward is altogether steepe X. How to sayle into the Wielinges VVhen you come out of the Sea towards Flanders and will sayle into the Wielinges then seeke out Liswegen that is a thick flat steeple standing in the downes when Bruggeling standeth a Cable length from Liswegen westward then are you from daunger of all Sands Pols and Rasses keepe Bruggeling so standing and so sayle towards Flanders upon five fathome there you finde soft ground Then goe east-north-east or east and by north as the winde streame serveth keepe the coast of Flanders at five fathome till Blanckenbergh commeth into the gappe of the Gallowes field that is a great gappe in the downes keepe Blanckenbergh so standing till you see Heys in another great gap in the downes almost half a masts length east from the Ungeboedt then is Westchappel in Flanders full against Knock then sayle forward northeast by east northeast as the winde or streame is that you may runne beyonde the French Pol. Whē S. Anne cōmeth upon that high down of Casand which is most easterly then are you beyond the French Pol al shallowes then sayle forward to Isehook toward Walcherē forward by the dyke along by the Hoofden so to Flushing If you will sayle into the Wielinges when you come out of the west with a south winde then as it is aforesaid in the description of the Splete you must seeke Flushing coast with your lead When you are past Ostende then you shall finde drie and hard ground which is the ground of the Trip which you must sayle over and when you are about the length of a musket shot over it then you shal presently have half a fathome deeper water soft ground then you are in the chanel of the Wielinges in a good waie but if then you goe somewhat more to landwards or southeastward then you will loose the soft ground and finde hard drie ground againe by reason of a Sand which lyeth frō Blanckenburgh about an English myle from the strand along the coast so farre as to Wenduynen where at a lowe water you have 15 foot water at the dryest you may sayle under this sand when you goe over the Trip a litle eastward from Ostende and so goe somewhat to farre over to the strand To shūne the Banck of Blanckenbergh but to shunne it you have no better meanes but when you are past the hardnes and drynes of the Trip and finde soft ground with a litle deeper water that then you put no more towards the land but goe in right northeast and sometymes northerly according to the hardnes of the Trip or banck and then hold off againe till you finde soft ground againe whereby you shall be assured that you runne along by the south ende of the Trip or banck in the chanell of the Wielinges this doe so long untill Heys be about a masts length westward from the beakon then you must sound no more northward with your lead for the banck there is verie steepe for that close by the banck it is eight fathome deepe at the least When Heyes is right against the beakon then you are right against
verie foule A litle waie southward of Swartenesse there stand some fewe houses with a mill all along to the mill you may not anckor but you will indure some hurt and dammage either in your cables or anckors Two leagues southward from Swartenesse lyeth the Old-man or Tour d'ordre Tour d'ordre or the Oldman there is a faire sandie Baye there you may lye safe free from a north winde it is a good Rode for northeast east and southeast windes for shippes that will faile eastward you may anckor there at 6 or 7 fathome so that the point or the steeple be north and by east from you But half waie betweene Swartenesse and the Old man lyeth S. Iohns Rode S. Iohns Rode there you may anckor at 15 or 16 fathome for there it is faire ground To anckor there you must bring the steeple of the village against the middle of the houses but there lyeth some rockes along by the land which you must be carefull to shunne and goe not neare unto them About two leagues from Tour d'ordre lyeth Beunen or Bullen and when such as lye at anckor under the Oldman goe on land they may from above looke downe into the River of Bullen Betweene Tour d'ordre the Somme Somme there is a great creeke and when you are right against the Somme it is shallowe water 3 or 4 leagues at the least into the Sea about 6 or 7 fathome deepe such shippes as come out of the west are many tymes cast away there but when you finde shallow water for a long tyme you must understand that you are about the river of Somme He that wil sayle up to Bullen To sayle into Bullen haven must goe by the land by Tour d'ordre at 3 fathome and then along by the land to the middle of the river and then keepe the middle of the chanel the north side is full of rockes or cliffes from the south side there commeth a riffe or sand shooting out and runneth a good waie by the haven which you must be warie of and close before the river also there lyeth a banck which you may sayle under on the south side at two fathome on the north side at 3 fathome and there you may anckor or goe into the haven It is a tyde-haven where you must goe in at a high water and at a lowe water sit drie as you doe in all the havens of Flanders You may there runne close along by the coast at 2 3 4 5 fathome as drie as you will but before the havens you must put somewhat further off because of the rockes which lye before them The course from the Oldman to the river of Somme is south and north distant 8 or 9 leagues and from Bullen to Somme Somme it is south and south and by west distant 6 leagues Betweene them there are two rivers more the one called Cauche Cauche the other Antij Antij upon the first there lyeth Monstruel and Estaples Estaples and Monstruel about 3 or 4 leagues southward from Bullen This is no speciall haven you must enter into it at high water and keepe the middle of the chanell you shall finde it drie when you are within it To sayle up the river Somme Before the Somme it is shallowe water at least two leagues into the Sea at 5 or 6 fathome and from the north point of the river there commeth a Riffe or Sand shooting out which runneth almost over the deepe so that a man passing it by the south shore he must sayle at 3 fathome water as farre as to S. Valeries which lyeth on the south side then from the southshore there commeth another Sand shooting off almost cleane over the river so that as then you must turne to Crottoy which lyeth on the north side if it were not for the banck aforesaid which runneth crosse over before the haven it were a haven for a great ship to goe into for in the entrie of the haven it is 3 fathome and within 2 fathome deepe Abbeville Abbeville lyeth about 5 leagues upwards in the land From Tour d'ordre or the Oldman to Deepe the course is s s w. 16 leagues but from the river of Somme to Diepen Diepen it is southwest and northeast 8 or 9 leagues betweene both that is 4 leagues from Somme and 4 leagues from Deepe lyeth the river of Heu and on the north side thereof a litle towne called Triport or Tresport where into you must enter with a high water as in a tyde-haven with lowe water lying drie To sayle into the haven of Diepen The Haven of Deepe on the east side is to be entred at 3 fathome there lye three tonnes in the chanel you must sayle frō the one unto the other leaving them on your left hand as you goe in on the east side of the land there shooteth a peece of land out along but if you keepe at 3 fathome then you sayle not under that peece of land and from the west point of the haven or towne there commeth a great Sand running downe and reacheth north without in the chanel it is 3 fathome and within somewhat dryer that is 2 fathome There may a reasonable great ship goe into the rivers of Somme and Deepe when it floweth but small shippes may goe in there at half flood at a lowe water you lye drie To sayle from Deepe to the river of Roane you have first frō Deepe to S. Valerie or Valderie in Caux S. Valerie in Caux 4 leagues This is a drie tyde-haven wherein you must enter with high water whereby there goeth none but small shippes in and out from it From S. Valerie to Fecam To sayle into Fecam it is w. s w. 4 leagues it is a faire tyde-haven where at lowe water there is about 2 fathome There lyeth a banck or Flat on the east side of the haven you may passe with small shippes betweene the land and this Flatte with the lead at 8 or 9 foot water having regard to the Eastland for that is flatte But if you will goe about or without the Flat then you must place Fecam steeple without the land or without the west point of the haven and then it will stand s s e. from you and so goe into the haven then the Sand is on baghborde Eastward of the said haven also there is a chanell to goe in but the west side is best having in the haven 2 fathome water and when you are within before the towne there you may anckor on the west side at 3 fathome half flood the east side is flatte From Fecam it is w. s.w to Struysaert Struysaert and Seynhoft a litle towne lying in a Creeke about 3 leagues from Seynhead or Seynhoft Without the point of Struysaert lye two high sharp Rockes and are about north n. by e. from Seynhead 2 leagues From Deepe to Struysaert it
is w. s.w distant 8 leagues and from Struysaert to Seynhead south and north 2 leagues About n.w. frō Seyne-head there lyeth a banck of 3 fathome at lowe water or as some saye 2 fathome an half When the towne of Hable is without Seyn-head then you are against the banck you goe in close by Seynhead to the first mil there anckor at 6 fathome staying for a Pilot to bring you into the haven The land from Calis Cliffe to beyond Bullen sheweth it self thus when you sayle along by it Calis Cliffe Tour d'ordre Oldman The land of Bulloigne II. To sayle into the Rode of Newhaven the River of Roane VVhen you come from the north will sayle up the River of Roane To sayle into the river of Seyne you must sayle right to Seynhoft so long untill the south point of the River be against the point of Seynhoft hold it so standing and make streight towards it so long untill the land which lyeth east frō Newhaven be without Newhaven To sayle to Newhaven then sayle to the haven of Newhaven or if you will goe about without the banck then winde so much off from the land and sayle west about untill the River openeth then sayle to the point of Tochet and goe into it with your lead at high water it is 3 fathome and at lowe water a fathome deepe To shūne the Rettiers The Rettiers lye in the middle of the River which are stonie hard sandie ground When the land of Caen is without the point of Seyn-head then you sayle without them if you hold south on the north side it is 3 fathome deepe at half flood on the south side at half flood it is but 2 fathome deepe To sayle into the Seyne to Newhavē If you come out of the west you must runne into the river of Roane with the tyde that when the most part of the flood is gonne then sayle along by the land of Deepe by your lead till you may see the river of Newhaven open then the south castle is right against the east-head and the mill runne right upon it but sayle but half waie to the castle and Seynhead stay there for a Pilot but if none come to you then sayle right upon the castle which standeth upon the head there it is deepe water When you hold Struysaert a bowe length without the land of Seynhead then you goe without the Rettiers and the banck then the east gate of Newhaven is right against the east-head the east mill then you goe right northward in from the Rettiers and then you can not miscarie on the banck which lyeth towards Seynehead and when you are a litle way from Seyne-head you must staye for a Pilot as I said before The Rettiers The Rettiers reach along in the middle of the River towards the point of Honfleur and westward from them it is all full of Sandes so that you must sayle in with high water He that wil enter into Newhaven he must goe in with a high water and everie tyde lye drie He that will goe from Newhaven upward to Roane he taketh a Pilot you must goe with a tyde through the first drie banckes which reach from Newhaven to Honfleur s e. along by the south land the banckes reach along by the north side of the River to Kilgebuf then you are past the first banckes but let everie man be warie of the strong spring-tyde by the Normans called the Barre which commeth with such a force that you can hardly staye a ship with all her anckors and cables for this other daungers it is not good to sayle up the River without a Pilot and it is a water for a Pilot. The scituation or forme of Strusaert and Seyn-head when you sayle by it Struysaert Seynhead Thus the land of Caan sheweth it self being 4 leagues from you III. To sayle from the River of Roane to Cape de Hague TWo leagues southward from the river of Roane To sayle into Tochet there lyeth a tyde-haven called Tochet there standeth a beacon on the west point of the haven by the which you goe in or you may goe in with good heed on the east side some French shippes goe in and out that way From the point of Seynhead s w and s w by s about sixe leagues there lye manie banckes a great waie into the Sea To sayle into Fosse of Caen. men sayle east and west from them into the River or Fosse of Caen which for the most part reacheth in south lyeth in a Creeke On the west side there is a Boght you may anckor behinde it there it is wide and broad and all sand strand The east land is downie and shallowe to enter upon with the lead without it is farre shallowe to wete 6 or 7 fathome From Seynhead to Cape de Barchfleur Cape Barchfleur or Cape de Chierenberch the course is east and west 19 leagues About 4 leagues eastward lye the Ilands of S. Marke Ilands of S. Marke La Honge which you may sayle round about but it is not all to faire there Right west from the Ilands of S. Marke or Markel about a league lyeth la Honge which hath a flat steeple there westward lyeth the point of Barchfleur with a faire Creeke Baye of Barchfleur wherein you may lye safe against a n. n. w. winde at 6 or 7 fathome a north east winde bloweth right into it by the north point which then lyeth from you n. n. w. there falleth a banck off from the land but a shippe may well goe over it This Baye and the Ilands are by our Saylers called the Hongiers but when you come out of the west you shall not finde lesse then 4 or 5 fathome water there you are safe almost frō all windes From the point of la Honge to Chierenberch Chierenburch it is 4 leagues west and w.n.w. Chierenberch is a small tyde-haven Westward from the point of Barchfleur there are foule passages when the high land of Chierenburch commeth without the Cape la Wyke you can take no hurt on thē A great league northeast from the point of Barchfleur there lyeth a rock under the water but no shippe can goe over it It is also good lying before Cape de Wyck Rode before Cape la Wyck right east from the two high cliffes in a sandie Baye at 6 fathome And before Chierenburch lye the Cliffes or Ilands which round about are faire westward from them you goe into the Fosse of Moberille To sayle into Moberille a tyde-haven on both sides having high cliffes or rockes four or five in number you may passe in betweene them to Moberille at high water A league westward from thence lyeth Cape de Hage Cape de Hague or Hague from Cape de Hage west by north almost 3 leagues lyeth the Iland of Aldernex or Ornay Ornay reaching east west betweene this Iland
schouweâ— heeft Pourtraicture des dâ—â—c principaux Havres de la coste occidentale d'frâ—â—de Lemrick et Galwaij monstrant ce qu'on â—a eviter en les entrant et issâ—â—t CHAPTER XIIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION teaching how you may sayle the Sea-coasts and Havens of the VVest South and East-side of Ireland I. How to sayle to the Havens of Gallowaye and Lemrick and the Ilands thereaboutes TThe Iland Blackrock Blackrock and Cape Dorsey lye distant s by w. somewhat southerlyer and n. by e. and somewhat northerlyer 53 leagues betweene them both lye the Havens of Galloway and Lemrick If you will sayle into Gallowaye Galloway you must ruÌ„ne in through betweene the Ilands or along by the firme land northeast to the point Galor then you must yet goe in n. e. to the other point and then forward three leagues more s by e. till you be before the towne of Galloway where you may anckor at 6 or 7 fathome it is there all ouer good anckor ground a great depth and faire Creekes You may also anckor well without behinde the Ilands at 12 fathome there also it is good anckor ground in everie place From the Ilands before Galloway to the Iland of Aromen Aromen it is about sixe leagues behinde the Iland of Aromen it is also a good Rode the Iland Calos Calos lyeth about a league southward from Aromen and behinde it also there is a Rode From Aromen to the haven of Lemrick Lemrick it is about 5 leagues southwards before the mouth of the said haven there lye two rockes the one south by the haven and is called Cockuyt the other north by the haven and is called Boye you must sayle in by Cockuyt and runne east and east by north a league till you be about the point Blaway and from Blaway to the castle Lamor e. s e. 4 leagues and from the castle Lamor to Griel south seven leagues from Griel to Lemrick s by w. 4 leagues there you may anckor before the towne at 6 or 7 fathome you may also anckor before Blaway and there take in a Pilot and he will bring you before the towne Further it is from the Ilands before Galloway to Blasquay Bâ—asqâ—â—y southsouthwest 18 leagues From Blasquay to Dorsey Doâ—â—â—y southeast 2â— leagues From Dorsey to Cabo de Claro e. and by s 13 leagues II. What Havens and Places lye betweene Cabo de Claro and Cape Velho YOu may knowe Cape de Claro Cape de Claro by reason it is all broken land when you come somewhat better east about and are by the land you shall see a high point reaching out which reacheth farre without the other land into the Sea the south-ende whereof is verie much shoring downe and on the highest part thereof there standeth a castle with three towres which is decayed the middle towre is yet the highest it lyeth 12 leagues eastward from Cape de Claro right north from this out-point by our saylers called Cape de Velho Cape Velho or Oldhead by the Englishmen Oldhead lyeth the haven of Kinsale a faire haven deepe broad comming from the east or the west along by the land this point seemeth to be an Iland because on the west-side it is lowe but it is fast to the firme land by a small peece of land and there you may anckor under it on both sides as drie as you wil. From Cape de Claro to the aforesaid Cape de Velho or Oldhead the course is east and by north 12 leagues To goe into the Ilands of C. de Claro To runne into the Ilands of Cap de Claro you must understand that there lyeth a towne westward upon the high land you must there goe east to land and so goe in eastnortheast leaving the lowe Iland to landwards and the uttermost Iland of Cape de Claro to seawards and so running in to the second Iland whereon the closter of Claro standeth there on the west-ende there is a sandie baye where you may anckor at eight or nine fathome There goeth also a chanel into the Sea close aloÌ„g by the west Iland which is 12 fathome deepe on the east-side of the chanel there lyeth a rock above the water which you must shunne and in sayling out you leave it on the east-side and right within the rock you may anckor If you will sayle further into this haven of Cape de Claro you must runne through betweene the Ilands to Baldermore Baldermore and shunne somewhat the Iland of Cape de Claro for from it there runne manie blinde rockes therefore you must sayle to the other Iland But when you are half waie by the I le of Cape de Claro then you must make to the narrowe waie to goe through it it is therefore the most part all about three fathome deepe but in the narrowe waie it is drie at lowe water therefore you must goe over there with the tyde there you may anckor on what side you will whether it be under the closter at Claro or on Baldermore-side which is the east-side where it is 5 and 6 fathome deepe The haven of Baldermore goeth in north and in it it is 11 or 12 fathome deepe at lowe water on the east-point of Baldermore there lye two high steepe rockes as if they were steeples the one somewhat higher then the other there eastward there goeth in a haven which is called Castle-haven And a league eastward from it the Haven of Somrack Somrack which is 8 or 9 fathome deepe before the haven there lyeth a great rock which you may runne in by on both sides but the east-side is best for the west-side is somewhat foule To sayle in by this rock it is distant at lâ—ast the length of the shotte of a great peece of Ordnance you shall there finde a towre standing and against it you may anckor at lowest water it is there good lying in the middle there lye two blinde rockes which at half ebbe are above water and betweene these two rockes there lyeth a rock above the water therefore you must runne in close by the land leaving the rockes on backborde the haven is not above eight shippes long in length you may sayle through under these Ilands of Cape de Claro in manie places and anckor for it is all broken land as if it were Norwaie East from Somracke and about 4 leagues west from the out-point of Kinsale lyeth Rossen Rossen a tyde-haven which at a lowe water falleth drie you may see the church with the towres in the valley westsouthwest from the point there lyeth a stone under the water There lyeth an Iland betweene Rossen and Kinsale or Cape de Velho also in the creeke which is called Roem which you may sayle round about also anckor behinde it Three leagues eastward froÌ„ this Iland Roem lyeth Cape de Velho or Oldhead Thus the point of Rossen sheweth when
chanel a s w. by w. moone VI. Of the depths heere and at what depths you may see the Land and how it is to be knowne BEtweene Englands ende and Londey in the chanel it is 45 fathome deepe you may see Cornewall at 44 fathome At Wales about Milford and there northward from it you may see the land at 42 and 45 fathome In the Chanel betweene the Holmes and Bristowe it is 12 13 and 14 fathome deepe and you see the land on both sides the English land is the fairest You may see Sorlinges at 45 and 46 fathome the ground is oasie with some small stones among it Eleven or 12 leagues w. n. w. and w. by n. from Sorrels it is 56 and 57 fathome deepe and the ground there is so soft that you can hardly get it to stick upon the lead sometimes you shal have small shelles Betweene Hartland point and S. Ives against Padstowe or Stupaert there are manie white chalck hilles and so all along to the ende of England whereby you may knowe that Coast upoÌ„ Englands ende you see alwaies a towre or two When you are n. from the Sorrels then you see a towre or castle upon the east Iland and the Sorrels then lye most upon two Ilands although they are more then two without upon the easterlyest of the Ilands there lye two great rockes which are verie craggie like hillockes without at the uttermost there lye three high black rockes whereby you may learne to knowe these Lands VII How these places are distant from each other FRom Ramsey to Milford s by e. 5 leagues From Milford to S. Gawins point s e. by s 4 leagues FroÌ„ S. Gawins point to the Nase e. somewhat s 17 leag From the Nase to Stepeholme e. s e. about 7 leagues From Stepeholme to the river of Bristow n. by e. 12 leagues From the Holmes to Londey w. s w. 20 leagues From Londey to the Cape of Cornwall southwest and southwest and by south 28 leagues From the Cape of Cornwal to the ende of EnglaÌ„d s 5 leagues From Gresholme to Milford s s e. 3 leagues From Ilfordcombe to Bedeford w. s w. 7 leagues From Bedeford to the westende of Londey w. n. w. 5 leagues From Hartland point to Padstowe s w. 7 leagues From Stupart to the Cape of Cornwal s w. 12 or 13 leagues From Milford to Londey s by e. and s s e. 12 or 13 leagues From Milford to Englands ende or the Cape of Cornewall southsouthwest 32 leagues From Milford to the Sorrels southsouthwest somewhat westerlyer 40 leagues How these places are distant from the Havens of Ireland it is shewed in the chapter before VIII Vnder what degrees these Places lye THe Haven of Milford lyeth under 51 degrees 50 minut Londey lyeth under 50 degrees 20 minutes The Cape of Cornwal lyeth under 50 degrees 25 minut Heere followeth the Carde N. 18. CHAPTER XVI A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of England that lye betweene the Sorlinges and Portland I. The situation of the Sorlinges and from Englands ende to Lezard FRom the point of Cornwall or the Iland of Bresam to Englands ende it is south north five leagues From Englands ende there lye some rocks A Rode behinde the rockes at Englands ende which shoote off from it where you may anckor behinde them at 8 and 9 fathome you may sayle behinde them when you come either north or south on the south-side it is narrowe but deepe ynough at least 10 fathome but out of the north it is best to come in betweene them there it is 8 9 fathome deepe But there lyeth a rock under the water on the left hand close by the north-point of Englands ende which you must shunne The Sorrels The Sorrels or Sorlinges are distant from Englands ende w. s w. leagues Betweene them both lye Sevenstones Seven-stones w. s w. and w. by s from Englands ende distant four leagues It is a rowe of rockes whereon it alwaies rayles and are not above the water Sevenstones is distant from Sorlinges n. e. by e. and e. n. e. three leagues Three or four leagues from Englands ende s s w. and s w. by s there lyeth a sharp rock in the Sea which at half flood is above the water and is indifferent faire it is called the Wolf The Wolf it is distant from Sorlinges east and west 5 leagues To sayle into the Sorlinges Ilands when you come out of the east â—o sayle into Sorrels you must sayle in by the east-land at 8 or 9 fathome there lyeth a sconce right without the castle from thence also there shooteth off a stone under the water you may sayle thorough betweene the said stone and the sconce To shunne the stone also that lyeth in the haven you must understand that there lye two rocks on the west-side within the haven one greater then the other keepe the greatest over against the smalest sayle nearest to the north-side and hold them so and then you runne wide ynough without the point at 10 fathome but nearer you may not goe unto it If you will goe southward into the Sorrels To sayle out of the south into the Sorrels you must looke well before you because of the stone that lyeth in the haven you may well sayle about on both sides but the east-side is the best and fairest But to goe into the best of the chanel and to goe as neare unto the rock as well you may then hold the two rockes aforesaid which lye on the west-side of the haven the smallest under the greatest nearest unto the north-side as I said before and so sayle about the point and turne up northward until you may see the towreful in the middle of the sandie bay there anckor at 7 or 8 fathome you may hold the said two rockes which are within the haven on the west-side a litle distant one from the other so that you may see just betweene theÌ„ then you are right north or east from the rock which lyeth in the haven and then you must runne in so by the east-land then the said rock will be on the west-side but on the innermost point of the Iland against the Pale there lyeth a rock under the water which you must shunne and then runne up northward until you may see the towre in the sandie Baye as I said before The Sorrels on the west-side are all full of rockes have manie chanels to come in but the south-chanel or haven is best When you come to the Sorlinges on the south-side then you see a flatte steeple in the Sandbaye or valley and west it is al full of Ilands rockes the ground is stonie with some redde shels you may see the south-land at 52 fathome Englands ende hath two round hilles To knowâ— Englands ende on the highest there standeth a speere steeple and when you goe
and yellowe and with some shining needles with two or three peeces of white graye shelles and when you goe there n. e. by n. till you be under 55 fathome the ground is yellowe and white great shellie sand with white peeces of shelles then you may see the Sorrels 9 or 10 leagueâ— northward or somewhat westerlyer from you Westnorthwest from Heysant 21 leagues and s w. by s from Lezard 28 leagues Heysant at 80 fathome there the ground is gray redde shel sand and upon the lead there commeth a peece of white or graye crampen or shelles with redde and yellowe peeces of shelles and manie peeces of needles Nine leagues n. w. by n. froÌ„ Heysant the ground is white yellowe rugged shellie sand with graye short needles and shyning needles there also stickes on the lead things like strawes when you goe n. e. from thence then you sayle upoÌ„ Goutstart Twentie leagues n. w. and by n. from Heysant 16 leagues s w. somewhat southerlyer from Lezard at 68 fathome there the ground is white yellowe redde small round sand with some white shyning needles and a graye short needle or two and two or three peeces of white shelles Nineteene leagues n. n. w. froÌ„ Heysant 12 or 13 leagues s s w. from Lezard it is 68 fathome deepe the ground is there of all kinde of hackled stones graye redde and black with redde peeces of shelles and some graye hackled needles Nineteene leagues n. and by w. from Heysant southward from Lezard there it is 62 fathome there the ground is white shellie sand with white needles and graye needles white peeces of shelles and two or three redde stones amongst it Sorrels Twelve or therteene leagues about west froÌ„ Sorrels or somewhat northerly there it is 60 fathome deepe and the ground is graye oasie ground with small black sand mixed among it and in some places at the same depth it is white graye oasie small sand with peeces of thinne white shelles among it with a peece or two like parings of cheese and this ground you cannot gette upon the lead with tallowe for it will not stick upon it unlesse you putte butter or grease under the bottome of the lead and in no place els you have this grouÌ„d at this depth so oasie as there and therefore you must certainely know that there you are behinde the Sorrels or behinde England that is west from Sorrels West from Sorrels seven leagues there also it is oasie ground graye sand with two or three peeces of cheese parings Lezard Seven or eight leagues southsouthwest from Lezard at 60 fathome there the ground is white great sand with a litle redde and white shelles and shyning white needles Tenne or eleven leagues southwest from Lezard at 60 fathome there the ground is yellowe peeces of shelles and graye peeces of soft flatte stones as if they were parings of cheese and some redde peeces of shelles without anie sand therein Southwest and by west from Lezard and southsouthwest from Sorrels 19 leagues there it is deepe 78 fathome there the ground is graye yellowe redde shellie ground with redde yellowe and blewe peeces of shelles and crampen and a peece or two as if it were cheese parings or peeces of oyster shelles and two or three shining needles at the heigth of about 49 degrees 30 minutes Fiveteene or sixteene leagues southwest and by south from Goutstart at 57 or 58 fathome Goutstart there the ground is all manner of peeces of shelles and crampen with a litle white yellowe shellie sand and all manner of stones graye peeces like parings of cheese some rough needles shyning needles and things like as if they were carnels or measels that are in bakon Southwest from Goutstart 16 leagues at 53 fathome the ground is white redish shellie sand with peeces of crampen and redde and graye stones Southsouthwest 11 or 13 leagues from Goutstart at 50 fathome the ground is white yellowe small shellie sand with some peeces of white shelles and graye ragged shyning needles To conclude he that soundeth much findes manie sortes of Ground and sometymes much alteration in small changing of places But he that findeth depth with white shelles and litle needles he must understand that he is nearest to Heysant But if he finde brannie ground or black stones mingled with white measels or carnels then he is nearest to the Sorlinges The tokens or signes of Heysant depth Markes of Heysant and Sorrels you shall finde small white sand and shelles and small things it being oasie and white then Heysant lyeth n. e. from you and if you finde all along things like needles then Heysant lyeth southeast from you but if you be not sure of these grounds then you must goe northwards if you finde it deeper then you are towards the Seims and if it be dryer then you are in the chanel northward from Heysant If you are betweene Heysant and the Seims at 70 fathome then the ground wil be stones like black earth sand And if you finde the ground great redde sand then you must goe northward untill you finde white sand ground long carnels or measels then you must knowe that you enter into the chanel VI. Of the falling and running of the streames about these Landes FRom Sorles to Lezard the flood falleth northeast and the ebbe southwest From Lezard to the Deadmanshead it flalleth n. e. and s w. From Deadmanshead to Ramshead the flood falleth e. n. e. the ebbe w. s w. In the chanel betwene Lezard Goutstart against Fawick the flood falleth e. by n. and the ebbe w. by s From Ramshead to Goutstart by the land within the Ideston or Mensâ—one the flood falleth e. s e. and the ebbe w. n. w. From Goutstart to Portland in the middle of the chanel the flood falleth e. n. e. and the ebbe w. s w. Against Dartmouth by the land the flood falleth n. e. by n. and the ebbe s w. and by s Against Tops or Exmouth in the Creeke the flood falleth n. n. e. and the ebbe s s w. VII What Moone maketh high water at these places IN the Sorlinges a s w. by w. moone maketh high water In the mouth of the chanel of England a southwest and northeast moone maketh full Sea Without the Sorrels in the chanel a s w. by w. moone At Englands ende and in Monsbay a westsouthwest moone maketh high water At Lâ—zard on the land an e. s e. w. n. w. moone makes ful Sea The like also at Hilford In Famouth an east and by north moone maketh a full Sea Without Famouth an e. by s moone maketh full Sea Against Fawick in the chanel an e. s e. moone makes full Sea In Plimmouth Fawick a w. by s moone makes high water Against Goutstart in the chanel a w. n. w. and e. s e. moone mâ—keth high water In Dartmouth and Torbaye a west
haven 4 and 5 fathome at lowe water where you anckor before the village In this Haven the Englishmen build manie shippes because within the River there is much timber Eight leagues east from Arundel lyeth the River of NewerhaveÌ„ Newer-haven where there ruÌ„neth in two chanels the one west the other east that on the west-side goeth in close by the west-land and is two fathome deepe at lowe water The east-chanel goeth in along by the Cingle is three fathome deepe In the same men lye at rode west froÌ„ Bevesier for it is a good haveÌ„ wide broad is 4 or 5 fathome deepe within at lowe water But on the east-side within in the same haven there lyeth a blinde rock which you must shunne At this haven of Newer-haven begin the Seven-cliffes which reach to Bevesier Under Bevesier against the west-ende of the Seven-cliffes you may anckor right against the Cingle whereby you ruÌ„ne along into Newer-haven at 7 8 or 9 fathome you may also anckor on the east-side of Bevesier at 6 7 or 8 fathome then the point shall be south and south and by west from you Bevesier is the best known land in the whole chanel along you may see the land without Bevesier against the Seven-cliffes or Kenning-land at 23 or 30 fathome Thus the land of Bevesier sheweth with the Seven-cliffes IIII. To sayle from Bevesier to Dover and then to the Foreland FRom Bevesier to the point of the Cingle it is eastnortheast 8 leagues To sayle into the Chamber He that will sayle into the Chamber comming out of the west he must keepe Bevesier without the point of Fierley and runne so on upon the Cingle then along by the Cingle within two cables length to the ende of the Cingle then you must turne up westward leaving the beakons on the right hand til you be before the castle which standeth upoÌ„ the South-Cingle there you may anckor in the River of Rie at four five fathome when you sayle up you must leave the beakons on starreborde as is said before for the beakons stand upon the darisen and at lowe water they are drie along to the towne of Rie and it is all beakoned along On the east-side of the Cingle you may also anckor in Rumney-baye Rumney-baye before Rumney towre running in so farre that the point of the Cingle be south and south and by west from you there it is seven and eight fathome deepe there you may anckor From the Cingle aforesaid to the north-point of Dover it is northeast and by east 9 leagues Before Dover you may anckor safe against a north Rode under Dover and a northwest winde right against the castle is the best anckoring at 10 fathome for there it is faire ground To sayle into the Downes sayle easily in by the point of Dover all along by the land within two cables length To sayle into the Downes and sette beneath the middle castle at seven or eight fathome To sayle through betweene Goodwin and the land When you come out of the west and will goe in betweene Goodwin-sands to the Foreland you must goe n. and by e. so long untill that the mill which standeth upon the Foreland come on the west-side of the valley which is in the Foreland going all along north and by east and northnortheast untill the towre which is upon the Foreland coÌ„meth upon the east-ende of the valley then you are north from the Quernes then the flatte steeple which standeth upon the land of Dover will be upon or right over the third white chalck hill which lyeth north from the point of Dover this is a right long marke to sayle through betweene the Quernes Goodwin-sands as well from the east as from the west To sayle north within Goodwin sands If you will goe north within Goodwin sands you must goe no nearer to the Quernes then seven fathome placing the point of Dover southsouthwest from you and there you goe in at the best depth theâ— when the flatte steeple which standeth upon the Foreland coÌ„meth within Ramsgate or the valley then you are against the Quernes Markes of the Quâ—rnes and when the mill commeth within Ramsgate then you are south from the Quernes When you lye in the Downes that the inner point of Dover clâ—ffe is southsouthwest froÌ„ you then the Quernes lye north and by east from you and the north-ende of Goodwinsands lyeth northeast from you Thus the land of Dover openeth when you are weâ—t from Woman or Vrowen-sand through the Heads When you will sayle without Goodwin sands to the Foreland then hold the point which lyeth west from Dover To sayle without Goodwin sands to the Foreland without the point of the downes and goe in north-east till the Foreland be northwest and by west from you then you may well goe to the Foreland and anckor before Margat or where you will but right against the steeple which hath the mill by it is the best rode or when the point of the Foreland is southsouthwest and southwest and by south from you there also is good anckoring at 8 or 9 fathome You may also goe betweene the Quernes and the Foreland To goe within the Quernes to Sandwich to Sandwich but there lyeth an other Sand called the Three-stales betweene it and the Quernes it is 3 fathome deepe and betweene the land and the said sand it is also 3 fathome deepe at half flood but the Quernes are in short tyme much lessened cleane gone so that the north ende is almost gone Betweene Margat and the Reculvers you may anckor in all places at 6 or 7 fathome at half flood Thus Fierley sheweth when you sayle along by it four leagues from the land When you goe from the Downes to the Foreland then the land sheweth thus V. Of the running and falling of the streames in these places FRom Portland to the I le of Wight the flood falleth east by north and the ebbe west and by south From the I le of Wight to Bevesier likewise east and by north and west and by south By Bevesier on the land before the Seven-cliffes the flood falleth east and by south and the ebbe west and by north From Bevesier to the Single it falleth eastnortheast and westsouthwest From the Singles to Dover the flood falleth northeast by east and southwest and by west In the middle through the Heads the flood falleth northeast and by east and the ebbe southwest and by south From Dover to the Foreland the streame falleth within Goodwin-sands through over the Quernes south and north by the Foreland in to the Reculvers over the Brakes the flood falleth westsouthwest and west and by south About without Goodwin to Kintesknock the flood falleth north and by west and northnorthwest there the flood commeth both from north and south and meete each other and fall so in to the sands and the havens or chanels In the
chanel without the Flemish Banckes it is 23 and 24 fathome deepe but close by Goodwin sands it is 28 and 29 fathome deepe and then you are not two peeces shotte from them therefore he that sayleth out of the Marsdeepe to the Heads he must not goe otherwise then southwest and southwest and by south he must also staye much upon the streame for in this place it is verie fit necessarie to be done and when you gesse that you have sayled 40 or 45 leagues then chuse the Flemish Banckes at 20 and 18 fathome and when you are sure of the ground then goe southwest and at last southwest by west then you shall come into the middle of the Heads VI. What Moone in these places maketh high water AGainst the I le of Wight before Wolvertshorn a south by east moone maketh a full Sea At Hampton at the Kaye a south and a north moone Within the Needles of the I le of Wight a southeast by south moone At S. Ellens and Calveroort a southsoutheast moone At Bevesier on the land a south and north moone Without in the chanel a s s w. moone In the chanel of Winchelsey a south and by east moone Against the Cingle a southsouthwest moone Betweene Dover and the Cingle the like At Dover a south and north moone maketh a full Sea In the middle betweene the Heads a southwest moone maketh full Sea In the Downes a southsouthwest moone On the Foreland a south and north moone VII What depths are about these places IN the chanel betweene Portland and the Casquettes it is 40 fathome deepe and when it is cleare wether then you may see the land on both sides the nearer you are to England the shallower Without or against the I le of Wight it is 38 fathome deepe and you may see the land Without Bevesier against the Seven-cliffes or Kenningsland it is 28 and 30 fathome deepe Betweene Winchelsey Picardie in the middle of the chanel it is 26 and 27 fathome deepe and you may see Fierley and the land of Dover Vrouwen or Woman-sand lyeth in the middle of the Heads at lowe water it is but sixteene or seventeene foot deepe but it is narrowe and runneth about south to the land of Bullen This Sand lyeth south and by east from Dover and from Caliscliffe west and by south On both sides of this Banck both on Picardie and on the English side it is 22 23 and 24 fathome deepe VIII How these places aforesaid lye distant one from the other FRom Portland to the west-ende of the Needles of the I le of Wight e. and by n. and e. n. e. 11 leagues FroÌ„ S. Andrewes land to the Needles of the I le of Wight east about 4 leagues From the Needles of the I le of Wight to Wolfertshorne east by south 4 leagues From the I le of Wight to Wolfertshorne up to Wembridge at 12 fathome eastnortheast 5 leagues From Wembridge to Bevesier east and by north 13 leagues From Bevesier to Fierley eastnortheast 5 leagues From Fierley to the Cingle eastnortheast 3 leagues From the Cingle to Dover n. e. and by e. 9 leagues From the point of Dover or the Downes to the Foreland north 7 leagues From Portland to Wolfertshorne e. and by n. 13 leagues From Wolfertshorne to Bevesier e. by n. 19 or 20 leagues From Bevesier to the Cingles e. n. e. 8 leagues IX How these parts lye distant from other Lands FRom Portland to Heysant southwest 53 leagues From Portland to S. Paul de Lyon s w. by s 40 leagues From Portland to the Casquettes s by e. 13 leagues From Portland to Seynhooft or Stonehead southeast and by east 37 or 38 leagues From the I le of Wight to Casquettes southwest and by south 20 leagues From the east-ende of the I le of Wight to Struysaert southeast and somewhat southerlyer 29 leagues From the I le of Wight to Deepe or Diepen east-south-east 37 leagues â—rom Bevesier to Casquettes southwest by west 37 leagues From Bevesier to Struysaert south and north 24 leagues Frâ—m Bevesier to Diepen southeast 21 leagues From Bevesier to Swartenesse 20 leagues From Dover to Deepe south 23 leagues From Dover to the Wielings eastnortheast 24 leagues From Dover to the Mase or Gorce n. e. and by n. 35 leagues From the Foreland to Texel northeast 45 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Countreys lye POrtland lyeth under 50 degrees 30 minuteâ— The I le of Wight or Wolvertsshorn lyeth under 50 deg-36 minutes Bevesier lyeth under 50 degrees 48 minutes The point of Dover lyeth under 51 degrees 10 minutes The point of the Foreland lyeth under 51 degr 28 or 30 min. The ende of the first Book A table of the first Book conteyning the Arguments of everie Chapter CHapter I. Describeth the Vlie-streame and Tessel-streame Item the Vlie and Tessel pag. 3. Chap. II. Describeth the Coasts of Holland Zealand Flanders from Tessel to the Pas of Calis pag. 12. Chap. III. Describeth the Sea-coasts of France betweene the Pas of Calis the Kasquettes pag. 28. Chap. IIII. Describeth the Sea-coasts of Bretaigne and of all the Ilands situate betweene Cape de Hague and the Seims pag. 33. Chap. V. Teacheth how you may sayle the Sea-coasts of Britaigne Poictou froÌ„ the Seims to the Iland of S. Marten pag 43. Chap. VI. Describeth the Sea-coasts and Ilands of France Biscaya betweene the Iland Heys and Cape de Massichaca pag. 49. Chap. VII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Biscaya betweene Cape de Massichaca and Cape de Pinas pag. 56. Chap. VIII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Gallisia from Cape de Pinas to Cape de Finisterre pag. 60. Chap. IX Describeth the situation of the Coasts of Gallicia and Portugal from Cape de Finisterre to the Barrels pag. 65. Chap. X. Describeth the Coasts of the Sea of Portugal Algarve from the Barrels to Cape de S. Vincent pag. 72. Chap. XI Declareth the situation of the Sea-coasts of Algarve and Andalusia betweene Cape S. Vincent and the Strait of Gibraltar pag. 75. Chap. XII Describeth the Sea-coasts of Barbarie from the Strait of Gibraltar to Cape de Geer pag. 80. Chap. XIII Describeth the Canarie and Flemish Ilands pag. 84. Chap. XIIII Describeth the Sea-coasts of the West South and East-side of Ireland pag. 91. Chap. XV. Describeth the situation of the Sea-coasts Havens of Wales and of the Chanel of Bristowe pag. 96. Chap. XVI Describeth the Coasts of England from the Sorrels to Portland pag. 100. Chap. XVII Describeth the Havens Sea-coasts betweene Portland and the Foreland pag. 109. The ende of the Table THE SECOND BOOK OF THE LIGHT OF NAVIGATION VVHEREIN ARE DESCRIBED ALL THE COASTS Havens and Ilands of the North and East Seas As of Friesland Iutland Denmarke Pomerland Prusia Leefland Sweathland Norwaie Lapland and Muscovia AS ALSO all the North and East Coasts of Scotland and England AT AMSTERDAM PRINTED BY
shewed which was delivered unto me in writing by Symon Derrickson of Vlieland who with great diligence hath sounded and found out the same When you come from Holie land or out of the west and see the Newe worke then bring the beacon and the Newe worke one against the other and then they will stand southeast and by south from you keepe them standing so sayle forward upon them then you shall finde the Schor tonne which lyeth on the south land against the Schor horne at 10 fathome half flood leave it as you sayle on starreborde for the south side is all shoring from the Schor tonne to the second tonne the course is east and by south it lyeth at 8 fathome lowe water and the Newe worke then standeth from you south by east From the second tonne to the third the course is east by south that lyeth at 5 fathome the Newe worke shall then stand from you s s w. From the third tonne to the fourth the course is still east by south it lyeth at 4 fathome and an half then the Newe worke lyeth from you s w. by s Right over against this tōne there lyeth a white tōne which lyeth at the foot of the New ground which as you sayle up you must leave on baghborde but all the black tonnes lye on the south side and you must leave them on starborde From the fourth to the fifth tonne and the sixth and seventh tonne the course is still east by south The fifth tonne lyeth at three fathome and an half and against it it is the dryest place of the Elve the Newe worke standeth distant from it s w. and n. e. The sixth tonne lyeth at five fathome and the Newe worke from it southwest and by west The seventh tonne lyeth at 7 fathome and is distant from the Newe worke s w. by w. and n. e. by e. From the seventh to the eigth tōne the course is s e. that is the tonne in the Ros it lyeth at 8 fathome when you are against it then the Ros beacon is against the steeple of Gron or Groen Right over against the tonne in the Ros on the north side there lyeth a white tonne upon a sand which commeth shooting off from Romarlplate which in sayling up you may sayle under at 4 or 5 fathome but when you are past Ros-beacon then there is a church with two speeres upon a steeple called Oldenbrooke when the speere steeple of Wordt cōmeth west from Oldenbrooke then they are south from you then you may sound Romerlplate at 6 fathome without daunger otherwise that plate is shoring without and you may sayle under it as I said before From Ros tonne to the tonne at the Meem the course is s e. and s e. by e. From the tonne at the Meem to the Gurtpot or the first tonne upon the flat the course is e. s e. From thence to the tonne at the Oost or Pilgrims sand it is e. by s From Pilgrims sand to Brunsbuttle the course is east and east by north You may sayle under Pilgrims sand at 5 or 6 fathome From Brunsbuttle to the tōne at Saltshorne or Vryburgher sand the course is east and east by north all along by the north land From Saltshorne to the tonne which lyeth against the Steur it is e. and by s and e. s e. From Steur to the tonne at Gringeroots sand the course is s e. and s e. by e. This tonne lyeth against Bilenburgh and lyeth more then half in the deepe Betweene this tonne the tonne at the Steur lyeth another tonne in the chanel But from the tonne at Gringeroots to the tonne at Stadersand s e. by s and s s e. This tonne you must leave on starborde From Stadersand to Willemsvliet or the tonne of the Luy it is s e. and s e. by s And frō the tonne at the Luy to the tonne at Terloo the course is e. s e. From thence to the tonne at Hanebal the course is e. and by w. From Hanebal to the tonne at Blanckenes sand the course is east and east by north and you must hold the tonne against a great tree and so you runne by the north land til you be past the tonne From Blanckenes sand to the tonne in the bocht the course is e. s e. And from the tonne in the bocht to the Eckehout e. by n. there it is 3 or 4 fathome deepe when you are in the right Kille or chanel and there lye the great ships to lade and to unlade Thus the Newe worke sheweth when you come before the Elve XVIII Of the running of the streames and what moone maketh high water in these places BEfore the Vlie a southeast and northwest moone maketh a high water What moone maketh a high water within the chanels of the Vlie and Tessel streame and how the streames runne there it is at large described in the first Chapter of the first Book Without the Vlie the streames fall along by the land till it be half flood or half ebbe and then they begin to fall into Bomekins chanel and to fall out againe The fore-flood commeth over Bomekins ground and so falleth into the Schellingh out at the north chanel so that the fore flood maketh an ebbe in the north chanel and to the contrarie the fore-ebbe maketh a flood there Now when the flood beginneth to fall in which is sooner in Stortmelck then in Bomekins chanel then it falleth verie stif upon the Schellingh behinde Grindt into the Iettingh which you must take heede of but when the flood is about half spent then it beginneth to fall right in as in the description also is shewed but at the other chanels of Freesland the flood falleth sooner in Without in Ameland chanel a southeast northwest moone maketh a full Sea and also on the land At the same time it is also high water before the Scholbalgh the Lauwers and the Schille Before West Eems a southeast northwest moone also maketh high water In the East Eems and in Borckummerbalgh a s s e. and n. n. w. moone maketh high water Before the towne of Embden a south or south and by west and north and north and by east moone maketh high water Before the chanels betweene the East Eems and the Weser a s and s by e. and a n. and n. by w. moone maketh high water Under Holie land with a n. n. e. and s s w. moone it is a full Sea Before the Weser and before the Elve a north and south moone There the flood commeth northwest without and the ebbe southeast and so fall strongly over the grounds In the chanel betweene the Elve and the Vlie the fore floods come out of the North Sea and goe about with the Sonne and fall but half the tyde along by the land that is eastnortheast the ebbe westsouthwest XIX Of the Groundes and Depths about these
north from you there it will be four or five fathome deepe soft ground The markes of Reefshol are these there stand two or three trees on the high land west from Coppen haven they stand south from two or three hillocks when they come upon the uttermost trees which stand on the northwest side of Coppens haven then sayle southwest and by south till Torenbuy or Amack be against the beacon then goe in south and by west then a steeple which standeth crosse within the land west from you will come against a great stone then you are in the narrowe where in times past the shippes were sonke and you leave a wracke of a shippe lying on the south land and then the beacon and the steeple of Amack are there long markes Now to sayle further forward through that strait or narrowe waie goe in south and by west and when you are farre ynough in you may anckor where you will you lye there crosse the chanel with an anckor on the land and another to Seaward To turne againe to the Middle grounds or sands Middle tonne from the North tonne to the Middle tonne the course is south and by east and southsoutheast when you come to the Middle tonne then the southerlyest mille being south from the towne of Coppen haven and the flatte steeple come within a leaver or bowe length to the speere steeple these are the markes of the Middle tonne or second tonne in the shallowes or Sands and there it is eight or nine fathome deepe From the Middle tonne to the tonne upon Casper Caniel Tonne on Casmer Caniel the course is south and by east then the white castle commeth over the sharpe steeple and that is the marke of the third tonne or the tonne upon Casper Caniel which is the south ende of the Middle ground there it is not verie wide but shoring on both sides the depth is seven or eight fathome If you will lavere there you must winde as sone as it beginneth to drie on either of the sides From the third tonne to the fourth the course is south Fourth tonne The Fisher and south and by east this lyeth upon the north ende of Draker upon the flatte right over against it lyeth the Fisher which is a stone as I said before which lyeth above the water there you may sound the Southolme for there it is flat water Betweene this third and fourth tonne there commeth a chanel or haven running out from Coppen haven which is called Casmer Caniel Casmer Caniel From the fourth or South tonne in the Middle ground to Draker sand the course is south and south and by east you may sound the land of Draker at 3 4 and 4 fathome and an half Draker sand lyeth a good waie without Draker and it reacheth half a league eastward into the Sea Markes of the tonne upon Draker sand The marks of the tōne at Draker sand are these when the steeple of Coppenhaven is south from Draker upon the wood then you are against the tonne The dryest shallowest water that you finde is betweene this tonne upon Draker sand and the aforesaid fourth tonne there it is 5 fathome lesse a foot When you are against the tōne upon Draker sand then goe south and s by w. to Valsterboens sand or to Steden that is 5 leagues but from the tonne upon Draker sand to the Kuycke the course is s w. sixe leagues When comming out of the Sond you are past the Sand of Valsterboen then it is somewhat deeper when you followe your course to Borneholme but comming from the east then it begins speedely to be deeper when you are about the point of the Sand the further situation of Valsterboen is declared before III. How you may sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen Malmuyen and Landscrone IF you will sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen or Malmuyen then from Ween goe s e. and s e. and by s then you shall see the steeple or towne lye before you sayle to it in that chanel it is for the most part 7 or 8 fathome deepe but whē you come within the Saltholmes thē it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe the drougth soone riseth from seven to five fathome but before the towne it is flatte water there you may anckor at 3 4 or 5 fathome as you will Rode before Malmuyen you may also lye at the ende of the head at three fathome there it is good lying but with a n. w. winde there it is bad rode for it bloweth openly in If you will goe out againe south frō the Southolmes to Valsterbon or Steden then you must take heede of the Southolms they are soule round about from the north ende there shooteth a Sand something farr out on the east side upon the south ende it runneth out flatte verie farre and there also lyeth Nordvliet Nordvliet which is a stonie Sand which lyeth under the warer but you may see it lye greene under the water which you must leave on the Southolmes side that is on starborde Southvliet but Southvliet which lyeth against old Valsterboen you must leave on baghborde so runne through betweene them both in that water at the dryest it is four fathome deepe When you come from Malmuyen and that the steeple of Coppen haven commeth upon the south ende of Southolmes then you are past by Northvliet as you sayle through in this sort you must be verie watchfull and take heede of the grounds aforesaid You may also goe out along by the strand of Schoonen and leave both Northvliet and Southvliet on starreborde for you may sound that strand at four and five fathome as also the Sand of Valsterboen If you will sayle into Landscrone you must understand that there lyeth a shallowe Sand before the haven Landscrone you must runne south into it there standeth a church on the north side somewhat forward and a Gentlemans house somewhat further into the land bring the church against the house then you are free from that Sand then sayle in upon the point and anckor at three fathome Thus the land of Schoonen sheweth when you sayle through the Sands from Col to Valsterboen Col. Elsenborgh Landscrone Bersebeck Malmuyen Schoonen Valsterboen IIII. The situation of the Sond to Col and north from Zeeland to the Belt Col. FRom Elsenore or the Sond to the point of Col the course is northwest and northwest and by west 4 or 5 leagues About a quarter of a league north frō Elsenore lyeth Lappesand Lappesand on the west side of the chanel goe no nearer to it then 7 fathome you can not be hurt upon it On the east side about half waie betweene Col and Elsenborch lye the Swyneboden Swyneboden which reach off from the land a good waie into the Sea therfore when you are at the ende of Lappesand then goe n. w. by w. till Col Huyberts cometh out before begineth to lye
into it you leave all the black rockes on starborde and the great graie rockes with the Iland whereon the two mastes stand on baghborde goe in by them leaving them on baghborde then you must turne up westward to Dievenholme and there ancker west in the Sandbaye When you are before the east haven of Vlecker there lyeth a round hill called the Omgekeerde Boot it striketh out above all the land against Hamersond when you come out of the west Omghekeerde Boot then you see three high lands lying inward to the land which when they come towards the Drommels by litle and litle vanish awaie The west haven of Vlecker reacheth in northnorthwest whē you come from Heylighesond you may see the river open and you may sayle by the rocks and scharres of Heylighesond along into that Iland you must ancker on the west land within Dievenholme whereon the gallowes stand at fiveteene sixteene and twentie fathome You may goe againe from thence through that east haven into the Sea and leave the Iland with the mastes and all the great rockes on starborde and all the black rockes on baghborde Heylighesond On the Iland of Heylighesond there stand two great mastes you must goe westward into the Iland til you be in you must ancker under the aforesaid Iland whereon the mastes stand there runneth a great river into the land there you may saile in for there the shippes lade Scheersond or Westerrysen Four leagues west from Heylighesond you goe into Scheersond or Westerrysen you must leave Sparrels on the left hand and all the great holmes or rockes on starborde and so you must goe in A litle east from the Neus lyeth a rock with two mastes called Melin Melin. a litle easterlyer from that there lyeth another rock whereon also there standeth a mast which rock is called Sparrels Sparrels betweene these two out-rockes you must goe into the Cloof or the Cowe and the Calf which are two well knowne round hillocks Cowe and Calf lying in the land of the Neus when you come against Sparrels there lyeth a blinde rock under the water but when you are within Sparrels then there lyeth a rock above the water which you must leave on baghborde then the haven will by litle and litle open unto you and then you are against the Clofe and then turne up westward about the point and ancker there in the Sandbaye at fiveteene or sixteene fathome then the Cowe and the Calf will be about northnortheast from you Right west from the point of Neus there goeth in a haven which is called Selloer or Manesond Sellore or Manesond if you will sayle into the east chanel of Manesond you must beware of the Bishops boeden lying in the middle of the River and leave them on baghborde and goe along in by the land of the Neus untill you come a litle within Bishops boeden Bishops boeden there you shall finde a rock under the water which you must shunne ancker right against the white church within the said rock but if you will goe in at the west or north chanel then you must goe north about the out-rocks and sayle upon the south ende of the lowe land to Leest and goe in by it but you must take heede of the rockes which lye off from the innermost Iland under the water on starborde now when you are against or within Bishops boeden then it will there be nine fathome deepe there you may ancker or if you will goe further in then sayle upon the said white church which standeth on the north side ancker there where you will You may also goe in east behinde the lowe land of Leest but it is a whole land East from the Neus the high land of Spangher lyeth The high land of Spangher which is a land verie wel to be knowne Thus the land of Norwaie sheweth betweene the Neus and Vlecker when you come out of the west and are five leagues from it The Neus The land of Spanger Thus the Cowe and the Calfe shewe when you come out of the west and are against them Calf Cowe Thus the Cowe and the Calf shewe when they are north and by east four or five leagues from you Calf Cowe Thus the Neus sheweth when it is four or five leagues west from you VI. Of the falling of the streames along these Coasts ALthough the water upon the coasts of Norwaie falleth up and downe yet it holdeth no certaine tyde some time of the yeere and specially in the fore part thereof there goeth so stiffe a streame about the west along by the coast of Norwaie that a shippe lying by the winde with a southwest streame cannot drive downewards if it may beare sayle and the nearer you are under the coast of Norwaie there you finde the harder streame This streame commeth in that sort falling out of the Belt against the Land of northeast and turneth in that sort along by the coast of Norwaie into the north Sea but betweene Farder and Masterland it is for the most part all anckor ground at 35 and 40 fathome VII How these Places are distant one from the other FRom the west ende of the Paternosters to Harmenshooft north and by west 5 leagues From Harmenshooft to Zuyderwicxholme northnorthwest 4 or 5 leagues From Zuyderwicxholme to Akersond n. w. by w. 5 leagues From Akersond to the Sisters w. and by n. 4 leagues From the Sisters to Bast northwest 5 leagues From Bast to Coperwick north and by west 4 leagues From Bast to the Roo-hooke or Soenwater n. n. e. 4 leagues From Soenwater to Farder south 8 leagues From Bast to Farder south and by east 5 leagues From Monick Iland from Roge to Farder s s w. 5 leagues From Farder to Larwick westsouthwest 4 leagues From Farder to Langesond westsouthwest 8 leagues From Langesond to Iofferland southsouthwest above a league From Ostrysen to Mardou southsouthwest 3 leagues From Iofferland to Mardou southwest 8 leagues From Mardou to Blindsond southwest 4 leagues From Mardou to Reperwick s w. 8 leagues From Blindsond to Wolfsond s w. 3 leagues From Wolfsond or Reperwick to Vleckereur westsouthwest southwest and by west 3 leagues From Vlecker to Scharsond westsouthwest 3 leagues From Scharesond to the Neus w. s w. 4 leagues From Vlecker to the Neus w. s w. 8 leagues From Reper to the Neus westsouthwest 8 leagues VIII How these Lands are distant from other Lands HOw all these havens of Norwaie are distant from Schaghen and the Holmes in Iutland both for length and widenesse you finde it in the third Chapter of this Book described at large From der Neus to Schaghen east 33 leagues From der Neus to Holmes in Iutland s e. 19 or 20 leagues From der Neus to Bovenberghen s e. and by s 24 leagues Frō der Neus to Holie land s by e. s s e. 67 or 68 leagues From der
there you may ancker about the middle waie from the Iland at tenne or twelve fathome before a Sandbaye against the castle there it is good ancker ground But if you will goe out againe at the north chanel then sayle nearer to the rock whereon the gallowes stand then to the Iland for there against it it is somewhat foule on the Iland of Warhouse and the chanel reacheth out most part northward The Iland of Warhouse is about half a league long and there lye also two small Ilands more close by to seaward From Warhouse to the point of Kegro Fishers Iland or Kogor or the fishermens Iland it is eastsoutheast and southeast and by south eleven or twelve leagues When you are against the point of Kegro then you may see the land of Warhouse from belowe You may ancker under the point of Kegro but it is no faire rode for great shippes for there it is not deepe Betweene Warhouse and Kegro there is a great Creeke therein lyeth the river of Pitsingh Pitsingh where there is fishing for salmons Southsouthwest from the point of Kegro or Oosterhaven there lye two Ilands there southward you may goe into Monick river Monickfoert Frō the point of Kegro or Kegor to Laus Laus the course is along by the land southeast and southeast and by south about nine leagues it is a faire sandbaye behinde the point and a litle more towards Kegro there is a point like an Iland and upon the point of Laus there stand two great beacons or mastes From Laus to the river of Cola the course is south and by east and southsoutheast about eleven leagues Cola and Kilduyn But Kilduyn and Laus lye distant southeast somewhat southerlyer and northwest and somewhat northerlyer Thus Matcorf sheweth when it is crosse from you three leagues Thus North Kyne sheweth when you sayle by it Tannebaye Thus the land east from Tannebay sheweth when comming out of the west you sale along by it three leagues from the land Tannebaye Kyne Thus the Iland of Warhouse sheweth when it lyeth three or four leagues southward from you Warhouse The land north from Warhouse Thus Kegro or the fishermens Iland sheweth when comming out of the west you sayle along by it II. How you may sayle up into the River of Cola and the situation of Kilduyn TO sayle up the River of Cola then goe from Laus or the south ende of the fishermens Ilands to the River southsoutheast and south and by east and goe about by the high land of Podenvolke then the river will showe verie wide open unto you When you are by the point of Laus then you may easily see the Iland of Kilduyn and the River of Kola or the land by it and betweene Laus and the River of Cola there is also a great Creeke and when you are within the mouth of the River first it reacheth in south and by west and then southsouthwest to the Iland which in the Carde of this River is marked with the Letter A and then sometimes southwest and by south by the Iland marked with the letter B to the Trane Iland then southwest and by west and sometimes about the point west and by south and then in west to Divles point there over against it lyeth the white stone which lyeth on the land and against it is good Rode from thence againe west and by south westsouthwest southwest and southsouthwest most part to Cola. When you are up within the River Rode in the river and will ancker there then keepe along by the west side and when you are a litle within there you shall see a litle small Iland lying close by the land from thence a litle further forward about the high point there is a bought or Creeke and in it there is a Sandbay where you may laye a shippe safe without ancker or cable it is a faire Sandbaye where you goe full in along by the north side it is five fathome and faire sandie ground and there you goe in betweene the two points but there lyeth a black rock in the narrowe waie betweene both the sides of the land which you must leave on starborde and within that rock it is drie two fathome deepe till you be against the strand there within it is faire greene fields Right without the baye there lye two Ilands whereof the uttermost or the easterlyest is the smallest where in sayling up Heere followeth the Carde N. 35. the River by these two Ilands you come in the middle waie betweene the Iland marked A there also is good rode on the west side there upon the high ground you shall see three beacons or mastes called the three Kinges against them there is a rode when you are a litle past the Iland marked with A then you can see the river no more open but it seemeth to be close and shutte up for then the Iland marked with A commeth under the high land on the east side Under the Iland marked with B there is also good Rode and faire sandie ground it is also good Rode under the Traen Iland Trane Iland and that is reckoned for half of the River to wete from the Mouth to Cola. When you are a litle past the Traen Iland where the letter C standeth then before you see a black bluish hill called the Divels hill Divels hil and it seemeth from thence forth as if the River were close and shutte up on the starborde side it is best sayling along for there you have good ground most part along close by the land there are manie bougths hookes and Creekes which can not all be described on the other side men use not so commonly to goe unlesse it be by default and there are as it seemeth manie bayes and rivers and also some by-rivers Now when you are past the Divels hill where the letter D standeth past the white stone then you may see Clinck hill Clinckhil on the west side and almost along to Cola. When you may see Clinck hill there is ground all along by the west side to ancker and then it is not foule on neither side but when you come in so farre to the place which is marked with the letter E there you must somewhat shunne the west side because of a foule place which there shooteth off from the land and keepe in the middle of the water till you be against Clinckhill there you must goe close to the land againe for in the middle of the river there lyeth an Iland of rockes which at high water are covered you must look well unto it from Clinckhill to Robben Iland Robben Iland sayle all along by the west side Robben Iland also is covered at high water and when it is covered then ancker under the dryed trees Against Robben Iland there lyeth a verie great stone at the foote of the hill look well unto it there and goe without it or north
by east from Blackney there lyeth a banck whereon at half flood there is no more then five fathome water and at eighteene fathome you may see the land there to the point of Chappel it is all flatte or shallowe Northeast and northeast and by north from Cromere there lyeth also a banck whereon there is but four fathome water at half flood from thence you may easily see the land Winterthon sand lyeth about four or five leagues from the land and northwest from Winterthon Against Winterthon and Cromere seven or eight leagues into the Sea it is eighteene and nineteene fathome deepe and there you may see the land VIII How these Places lye distant from each other FRom Coket Iland to Tinmouth s s e. 7 or 8 leagues From Tinmouth to Hartlepoole or the Teese southsoutheast 8 or 9 leagues From Teese to Whitbye eastsoutheast 7 leagues From Whitbye to Scarborowe southeast 5 leagues From Scarborowe to Philo southeast 3 leagues From Philo to Flamborowe head southeast 3 leagues From Flamborowe head to the north point of Humber south and by east 8 or 9 leagues From Raven spurre to Elleknock south and south and by east 7 leagues Eijgentlijck ontwerp vande Noortcuste van Engelandt tusschen Jarmuijen en̄ het Coggen eijlandt met alle inwijcken houckē havenen reeden en̄ rieviērē daer aen gelegē mitsgaders aller sandē banckē droochten en̄ ondiepten diemen aldaer te schouwen heeft alles gestelt op zijne rechte streckinghe ende coursen Vraije contrafaicture des costes Septentrionales d'Angleterre entre Jarmout et l'Jsle de Cocquet avecq touts les Goulfes Cabes Havres rades et rivieres a lesdictes costes ensemble touts bancqs de sable et guez quon ÿ a a eviter le tout dressé selon ses vraijes distances et rvutes From Elleknock or the north point of Boston haven to Chappel southsoutheast about 5 leagues From Chappel to Burnham eastnortheast 3 leagues From Burnham to Blackney through within the sands it is east 7 leagues From Blackney to Cromere eastsoutheast 4 leagues From Cromere to Hasberghnesse southeast by east 4 leagues From Hasebergnesse to Keson southsoutheast and somewhat easterlyer 7 leagues From Keson to Yarmouth more then a league From Tinmouth or Newcastle to Robbenhoods baye southeast 19 leagues From Teese to Flamborowe southeast and by east 19 leagues From Flamborowe head to Chappel or the Sonck south and by east 19 or 20 leagues From Flamborowe head to Blackney or Schilt southeast or somewhat southerlyer 24 leagues From Flamborowe head to Winterton sand or the Holmes of Yarmouth southeast 29 leagues IX The situation of these Countreys from others FRom Tinmouth or Newcastle to Schuytenes northeast 104 leagues From Tinmouth to der Neus northeast and by east and somewhat easterlyer 104 leagues From Tinmouth to Schaghen eastnortheast 136 leagues From Tinmouth to Heyligheland east and east and by south 106 leagues From Tinmouth to the Texel eastsoutheast and southeast and by east 90 leagues From Scarborowe to der Neus northeast and southwest about 99 leagues From Scarborowe to Bovenberghen eastnortheast and somewhat northerlyer 101 leagues From Scarborowe to Heylighe land east somewhat southerly 93 leagues From Flamborowe head to the Eems east and somewhat southerly 85 leagues From Flamborowe head to Marsdeepe or Texel eastsoutheast 61 leagues From the point of Cromere or Schilt to the Texel east about 40 or 42 leagues X. Vnder what degrees as the Cardes shewe these Lands lye TInmouth or Newcastle river lyeth under 55 degrees Scarborowe lyeth under 54 degrees 12 minutes Flamborowe head lyeth under 54 degrees 5 minutes The east point of Humber lyeth under 53 degrees 20 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 41. CHAPTER XX. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of England from Yarmouth to the Foreland and also the situation of the famous River of London I. How to sayle into the Rodes of Yarmouth and Leystaf TO sayle into the rode of Yarmouth through the Holmes place the speere steeple which standeth within the land north from Yarmouth right against the broad castle or place the mille on the north side of the towne keepe these markes standing so and so goe in westnorthwest you shall not finde lesse water in that chanel then eight or nine fathome at half flood This rode is called S. Nicholas rode S. Nicolas Rode and on the north side it is deepest when you are within it then the rode is five or sixe fathome right before the towne Against the haven of Yarmouth there goeth a chanel also through the Holmes to sayle through it comming from the south then set Suython over against the north side of the havē and the great tree betweene Northon and the flat house or castle and sayle upon them and keepe those markes standing so till you are within the Holmes and when you are within then there lyeth a Sand on the right hand right north from the haven called the Middle ground Middle-ground you may goe about it on both sides to landward at five fathome but towards the Holmes or east about from them eight or nine fathome This banck reacheth north to Keson and Cockling To goe into the rode of Yarmouth comming from the north you must goe along by the land as I said before you may also sayle so along by the land to Leystaf To sayle through the Holmes of Yarmouth into the rode of Leystaf Leystaf then marke the brew-house which lyeth north from Leystaf when the mille which standeth on high is over against the Brew-house then there goeth a chanel west and west and by south through the Holmes there at half flood it is two fathome deepe and before the brew-house there the rode is five fathome deepe When Leystaf steeple is west and by north and westnorthwest from you then you are at the south ende of the Holmes you may sayle in there to the south or north rode and ancker south from Leystaf or els north before the brewhouse that is the best rode II. The situation betweene Leystaf and the Nase FOur leagues south frō Leystaf there standeth a high speere steeple called Cochey A banck against Cochey against it to Seaward there lyeth a banck but you may sayle through betweene the land and this banck at three fathome with half flood when the steeple of Cochey is westnorthwest from you then you are south from the banck but when Ees is southwest and by west from you then you are on the north side of the banck South from Cochey lyeth Swolle Swolle which hath a haven that at half flood is two fathome deepe but betweene Swolle and Orfordnesse lyeth Dunwich Dunwich From Leystaf to Orfordnesse or Abre the course is south tēne or eleven leagues Southeast eight leagues from Orfordnesse Orfordnesse lyeth the Nase The Nase Betweene them both lyeth the haven of Harwich More then a league eastsoutheast from Abre lyeth Abreknock and betweene Abreknock and
north when you are close by the land it is verie high and steepe but when you are before S. Sebastians 7 leagues from the land then it is long on the west-ende steeping and hollowe When you are 8 leagues without S. Sebastians then you may see the east-castle and also the small Iland VII How these Countries lye distant from each other FRom Heys to S. Martens Iland e. s.e 12 or 13 leagues From Heys to Porthus or the Crage of Oleron southeast and by east 15 leagues From S. Martens Iland to Cordam s s.e 16 leagues From the Crage of Oleron to the steeple of Cordam or the River of Burdeaux south-southeast and s and by e. 13 leagues From Cordam to Accason south 20 leagues From Accason to Bayona south and north 16 or 17 leagues From Bayona to S. Iohn de Luz s and by w. 4 leagues From S. Iohn de Luz to Pingnons de S. Anne southwest by west 3 leagues From S. Iohn de Luz to S. Sebastians west 8 leagues From S. Sebastians to Gateria w. by n. w.n.w. 8 leagues From Gateria to Cape de Massichaco n. w. 5 or 6 leagues VIII How these Countries are distant from other Countries From Heys to Ortegal s w. and by w. 94 leagues From S. Martens Iland to Cape de Pinas s w. 80 leagues From S. Martens Iland to Ortegal west-southwest and somewhat southerlyer 99 leagues From the steeple of Cordam or the River of Burdeaux to Cape de Pinas w. s.w and somewhat southerlyer 75 leagues IX Vnder what degrees these Countries lye THe Iland of Heys lyeth under 46 degrees 48 minutes The Middle of the Iland of S. Marten lyeth under 46 degrees and 26 minutes The north-point of Oleron lyeth under 46 degrees 15 minutes The steeple of Cordam or the River of Burdeaux lyeth under 45 degrees 45 minutes Accason lyeth under 44 degrees 36 minutes Bayona in France lyeth under 43 degrees 45 minutes Or as some saye under 43 degrees 35 minutes The Cape de Massichaco lyeth under 43 degrees 46 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 7. CHAPTER VII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Biscaya betweene Cabo de Massichaco and Capo de Pinas I. The situation betweene Cape de Massichaco and Bilbao WEst-northwest from S. Sebastian lyeth Cape de Massichaco Massichaco 13 leagues there goeth a haven in right west from the Cape which is a farre tyde-haven the towne lyeth about a league into the land upon a River which cōmeth out of the hill right west from Cape de Massichaco lyeth a great rock fast upon the land and a litle west from it another which you may well sayle about with barkes and that lyeth upon the sharp point of Avellanes Southwest and by west from Massichaco lyeth the haven of Barmea Barmea it is a faire great Creeke the east-ende whereof is foule therefore you must shunne it and goe on the west-side and anckor where you will it is wide ynough West from Barmea lyeth Placentia Placentia upon a litle river the towne lyeth a litle into the land they are all tyde-havens From Cape de Massichaco to Bilbao betweene which lyeth Barmea and Placentia it is south-southwest and southwest and by south 7 leagues From Placentia to Bilbao Bilbao are almost 3 leagues west-south-west and west and by south Bilbao lyeth upon a great river downe from the which there commeth much yron it is a good haven but it runneth not farre in because of the Banck called la Barse La Barse which lyeth crosse over the haven which you must goe over at high water On the east-point of Bilbao there commeth a Sand shooting downe you must shunne that point for there lye stones and rockes also under the water and it is a high steepe point which sheweth white yet you anckor before it at seven or eight fathome from this point to the haven of Bilbao or the Barse is two leagues south by west and you must anckor under this point betweene the rockes and the Peere from whence the Pilots come downe there you lye safe from a northwest winde but a west-northwest winde is open into it The chanel reacheth in by the west-land there stand five or sixe houses upon the west-land when the two westerlyest houses are one against the other or when you may see betweene the two easterlyest houses which stand within the land then you are upon the Barse or drougth goe then to the castle of Portogalete south and south and by east close along by the castle and sette right within the castle against a west-winde though as you are before the haven then the Pilots come downe bring you to the towne When you lye before the Creeke S. Anthonies hill then you see Monte Anthoni west and by north from you Thus the land east from Bilbao sheweth when you fall upon it On the west-side you see a high sharpe hill and it sheweth thus to Castro II. To sayle from Bilbao to S. Andero Pascarte van Biscaijen afbeeldende de rechte gelegentheijt der Zeehavenen ende custen tusschen de C. Massichaco en̄ de C. de Pinas gelegen alles gestelt op sijne rechte streckinghe distantien ende hoochden Carte Marine de Biscaije demonstrant la vraije situation des Costes et Ports marins situez entre le C. de Massichaco et le C. de Pinas le tout dresse selon ses vraijes routes distances et elevations du Pole From Bilbao to S. Anthonies Hill it is west by north 9 or 10 leagues From Castro to Laredo the course is west distant sixe leagues on the west-side lyeth the said Hill of S. Anthonie which is a high hill you may sayle close in by it or sette this Hill south by east from you and so also runne in about the east-point of the haven there it is wide and broad and a fit haven for great shippes and there about east you may anckor at 7 or 8 fathome Eastward against S. Anthonies Hill in the middle of the waie lyeth a rowe of rockes under the water which you may sayle about on both sides it ravels alwaies upō them there within is the Rode for common shippes and that is right before the haven which is closed with a wall but great shippes lye somewhat further off there it is 6 and 7 fathome deepe On the south-side of the haven there is a tyde-haven from the which there commeth a great Sand shooting off from the east-side to S. Anthonies Hill there within it is two fathome water that is right before the village but from the village there commeth a point or tayle of sand reaching crosse out within it at lowe water it is a fathome deepe in the middle of the chanel it is 9 fathome at the point of S. Anthonie it is 20 fathome deepe From S. Anthonies Hill to Cape de Kesgo it is west west and by south 3 leagues C. Kesgo it is a
north 15 or 16 leagues Rocxent is a point of land well to be knowne for although you are a great waie from it yet you may see the sharp hillock of Syntra closter When Roxent is east and by south and eastsoutheast from you seven leagues then it sheweth thus Thus Rocxent sheweth being northeast from you 7 leagues A league east from the point of Roxent lyeth the Rode of Casâ—alis where you may lye safe from a northwest north and northeast winde at 12 or 13 fathome as drie as you will A great league east from Cascalis lyeth the point of S. Iulian or S. Giles S. Giles thereon standeth a strong castle and that is the north-point of the River of Lisbon and the north-chanel North-chanel of the said River goeth up the length of a bullets cast in by it To sayle in by this point you must sayle within a mastes length of the castle and keepe the north-land to Restiers and so to Lisbon commonly you anckor before the village of Bolin at 12 and 13 fathome but you must take heede that you enter not into the haven with still water and with an ebbe for it falleth verie strong upon the north Shops or Sops The chanel of S. Giles reacheth in e. by s and when you are within you must sayle e.n.e. and n.e. and by e. and when you come against the closter at Restiers then you must make somewhat towards the south-land otherwise you must hold all along the north-land as aforesaid To sayle into the Crake-chanel To sayle into the Crake-chanel then you must place Cascalis over the point of Roxent untill the steeple which you may see standing above the closter at Restiers commeth over against the white closter which standeth furthest from Restiers that is over against S. Katherines closter then goe in n. e. and n. e. by n. keeping these markes standing thus until you come within S. Giles point and so goe in along by the north-land of Restiers till you be within the castle and then anckor where you will with these markes you may sayle into out of the Crake chanel Or if you come from the west and will goe into Crake-chanel then place Cascalis over against the west-ende of Roxent and so sayle about the North-capes untill the towne of Lisbon be within two ships length of the south-side of the River and sayle in so n. e. n.e. by n. when you see the Sandbaye within S. Giles point then you are in a good waie Pascaarte vande Zeecusten van Portugal tusschen de Barlenges enÌ„ de C. de S. Vincente geleghen vertoonende nae't leven de ware geleghentheijt vande vermaerde Riviere van Lisbona hoemen die mitsgaders andere Zeegaten aldaer op enÌ„ afseijlen sal enÌ„ waermen op de selfde gewesten hem voor te wachten ende te hoeden heeft Carte marine des costes de Portugal situeez entre les Barlenges et le C. de S. Vincente representant au vif la vraije situation de la fameuse Riviere de Lisbone et autres Ports la environ comment en les navigant on se gardera de toutes inprofonditez bancx de sable et autrez perilz To laveere in the Krake chanel He that will laveere out of and into the Crake-chanel must leave the steeple aforesaid standing in the land a ships length southward a ships length northward from S. Katherines closter aforesaid and then turne everie boute and so laveere out in And goe not out of or into this chanel with a calme or an ebbe for it falleth verie stif over the east-ende of the Cachops If you will goe out of the Crake-chanel take good heede to the steeple when it commeth under the high-land then set it right west from the second white closter and goe on s w by s then the steeple will come upon the closter But if you must laveere out then looke well to your tyde for the streame falleth verie stif over the Cachops 〈◊〉 that with a calme it is dangerous to goe out and into this chanel but specially in sayling out with an ebbe for that falleth crosse over the Cachops therefore looke wel to it in calme wether II. To sayle to S. Vves or Setubal so to C. S. Vincent S. Vves point C. Spichel FRom Roxent to S. Uves point the course is s e by s 11 leagues It is a point well to be known because there lyeth a high round hill thereon also you see the upper part of the castle of Sizember upon a flatte hill as if it were a great gavel ende of a countrie-house Thus S. Vves point sheweth when it is east and by north from you 7 leagues S. Uves point is called Cape de Spichel right south about the point there is a rent or cloven place in the land there against it is good rideing at 9 and 10 fathome and before Sisember you may also anckor at 15 or 16 fathome Five leagues eastward from Cape de Spichel or S. Uves point lyeth S. Uves where there lyeth a great banck before the haven there standeth a white castle beneath the high land upon the water when it is n.n.e. from you then you are right before the chanel or haven He that will sayle to S. Uves over the banck comming down from S. Uves point he must keepe the west-point of Sisember a ships length without the east-point To sayle into S. Vves and so goe forward e. e. and by n. untill the castle of Palmelo which standeth above S. Uves commeth in a valley over the white castle which standeth upoÌ„ the water side then saile in right n.n.e. til you be within the castle which standeth upon the water and then within a cables length in by the north-land n.e. by e. till you are before the towne of S. Uves or Setubal But wheÌ„ the castle of Palmelo coÌ„meth under the land so that you can see it no more then there standeth a white house on the north-side of the castle that standeth upon the water side keepe that standing so runne in upon it till you be within the white castle and then goe along by the north-land as I said before till you be before the towne of Uves anckor before the Fishermens village at 6 or 7 fathome Upon the banck it is 3 fathome and a half water at half flood when you sayle over it you finde seven shallowe or drie places By the south-land also there goeth in a chanel but that is onely for barkes between this chanel the right depth the banckes in some places lye so drie that they lye almost above the water Now to goe over the deepest water in the banck of S. Uves as you sayle out with shippes that drawe much water when you set sayle from the white castle then set the white house over against the north-side of the castle so that you may see through them and hold it