or a little more or less according to the strength and age of the Assumer cleansed brayed and drunk will deject bile and water by stool CHAP. XXII Of Sea-Colewort or Soldanella SOldanella comprehends two different Plants under it Sea Bind weed the one is very like the vulgar in form but its leaves are perdifolious it germinates every year and produces new leaves it is called Brassica multiflora Monospermos The other is very dissimilar and thought to be of the family of Wood-binds from its effigies its seed is mucagineous black hard and angulous its faculty is hydragogous and it much conduces to the hydroptical assument And though it be an enemy to the stomack yet duely administred and mixed with other Medicaments it roborates the intrals educes watry humours without violence and is a good ingredient for that eximious Hydragogal Medicament we have heretofore described Our Land is nobilitated with many more purgative Simples as the Aller tree Rhamnus which we call Buck-thorn which I will not here congest because they are either seldome used or that they do not ingrede our compositions SECTION III. Of Exotical Calefactives The Preface THE all-seeing providence of God hath thought good to bless the remotest part of the East India with better Medicaments than Physicians Plants of such rare worth and admirable virtue that Medicks of a more polish life and conversation of greater learning and experience than those rude Barbarians have to their perpetual renown demonstrated their virtues and operations and by long use and observation have found them fortunately successfull in many desperate distempers What shall we say do we not daily receive multifarious and innumerable Plants from divers parts of the East and West Sweet-swelling-Aromaticks heart-reviving-Cardiacks and body-warming-Calefactives to which our Microcosm is perpetually obliged of which we are about now to treat And we intend to fix our discourse first upon those that are calefactive in the highest degree afterwards handle such as are less and lastly speak to those that have a middle quality or moderation between both CHAP. I. Of Ginger GINGER is a Plant so called Ginger which we borrow of the Barbarians like our water Flower-de-luce but its leaves are blacker its root extends it self with internodian genicles which emits arundinaceous leaves From whence the best Ginger comes twice or thrice repeated each year It grows in many parts of India whether sown or planted That we count best that comes from Malavar where it is most frequent and diligently cultivated else it is not good When it is effoded they leave an internodium thereof in the hole for the perennity of the Plant for the piece occluded will germinate the next year producing new roots and leaves This root while tender cut into small pieces will eat pleasantly with vinegar oil and salt but it comes not to us till it be dry or condited for it is too efferous for our soyl We shall hereafter declare what difference there is among Ginger Zerumbet and Zedoaria Ginger calefies in the third degree it helps concoction and roborates the weak ventricle but its use is now more rare than it hath been formerly for it is scarce admixed to any Condiments onely used in the castigation of some Medicaments CHAP. II. Of Zerumbet ZErumbet or Zumbert Zedoaria and Ginger are peregrine Plants of near cognation but not all known to all men For the Arabian Serapio c. 172. l. de simpl from the assertion of Isaac saith that Zerumbet and Zedoaria are one Afterwards he asserts that Zerumbet are round roots like Aristolochy of the colour and sapour of Ginger And in another place c. 271. ejusd libri he writes that it is a great tree in the Mountains of the East-Indies Avicenna l. 2. tract 2. c. 247. saith that Zerumbet is a wood like Cypress Some think it is Arnabo Arnabo quid whereof Paulus Aeginus makes mention c. 3. l. 6. but they mistake for it is the opinion of many that Arnabo is a tall tree that is suaveolent or as others think that Arnabo is the name of a Plant that is now known by some other name But Zerumbet is a graminaceous Plant either sative How it differs from Ginger that grows in the Province of Malavar or spontaneous which grows in some woody places of that Countrey and is there called wild Ginger Garcias Because its form and root hath much affinity with Ginger But all in Zerumbet are larger for its leaves are longer and broader its roots more crass which after their effossion are cut and dryed and so conveyed to Arabia afterwards into Europe Round Zedoaria may justly be substituted in stead of Zerumbet for it is probable that both Plants are of the same name nature and genus and differ no more than long and round Cyperus Zerumbet is much commended against Poysons Vires it exhilarates the heart roborates and conserves the intrals CHAP. III. Of Zedoaria or Set-wall BY the names Zador Set wall Zeduar Geiduar and Zadura we are to understand the vulgar Zedoaria which Mesue saith is a round root resembling Ginger but more odorate and withall bitter and not so sharp and hot as Ginger It is brought from the Countrey of Sina and the extreams of India it is related to Zerumbet but more vulgar and notorious but neither Plant have been seen whole by any almost in Europe Avicenna saith Zedoaria is like Cyperus others say it is like Costus of which hereafter but all Aromatical Simples are more similar in virtue and power than in form and effigies Zedoaria is hot and dry in the second degree Vires it discusses flatuosity cures the bitings of poysonous Animals helps the colical dolour kills maw-worms and is a good ingredient in Actidotes CHAP. IV. Of Galangal THere are two sorts of Galangal the greater and the lesser both growing in the same soyl but the lesser which is more odoriferous fruticates more plenteously in the Region of Sina Major the greater in Javar and Malabar and it is two cubits high and higher if sown in fat ground Its leaves are almost two cubits long more green above than below its caul is circumvested with the convolution of the leaves its flower is white and inodorate its seed small its root about the head crass bulbous and nodous like that of reeds in other parts it is very like Ginger and it is propagated in like manner to wit by root and not by seed though it thrives very well that is sown it seems to be very like * * * Orris Flower-de-luce in root leaves and form The lesser Galangal is about two hands high Minor with leaves like Myrtle its root nodous for the most part spontaneous Some simply confound it with sweet Cane and Acorus The Chyneans and Malabareans use it oftner in Condiments than Medicaments It is hot and dry in the third degree it roborates the ventricle cures the colical dolour discusses flatuosity and
other Plants which first emit leaves then prolong their Caules in Scilla the Caule first erupts then the Leafes Scilla calefies in the second degree and is very incisive Galen saith it is best to take it boiled or rosted for so its vehement quality will be castigated duely praepared it helpes against the frigid affections of the braine and Nerves Galen repurged one cut it small demerged it in a melitery insolated it forty dayes and gave it to a boy infested with the Epilepsy CHAP. XXII Of Bulbus or the Sea Bulb BUlbus is either Coronative medicative or esculent among the Coronative are enumerated the innumerable varieties of Daffadills Lilionarcisses Tulips and Hyacinths among the medicative Scilla Hermodactylls Pancratium and the vomitory Bulbus and among the esculent which are also desumed to many eximious medicinall uses Leeke the Onyons of Ascalon and such as by a certain antinomasy are called regall Onions as praecelling the rest which excite venery and which come in frequent use among the ancients for meat instead whereof we use common Onions which are the true bulbus and pollicitate the same effects being also alike described with the ancients Bulbi so that when Bulbus seed is praescribed Onion or Scallyons seed may be usurped Bulbus is a certain root corticous short round and tunicated with many membranes the most external whereof is greatest it often growes out of the earth producing some slender radicles like capillaments which keeping in the earth attract convenient succe for the nutriment of the whole Bulbus Its fronts are like them of Onyons round angust inane and mucronated its caulicles of nine inches heighth in whose summity little purpureous flowers emicate to which succeeds seed black without white within All sorts of Bulbus are acrimonious Vires they excalefie excite venery suppeditate Aliment cause inflation and stiffnesse of the yard but two large plenty of them should not be used in meats because they trouble the nerves Of all the Bulbuses I think Satyrium most excites venery the rest are more ignave causing it by their flatuosity CHAP. XXIII Of Satyrion or the True Dogs-stones SOme plants from the effigies of their roots are called Testicls from their effect Satyria because they make men Satyrs-like prone to venery amongst Bulbous roots such as have but one bulb are properly called Satyria that which hath two Cynosorchis that which hath three Triorchis Of every of which there are many differences some desumed from the form of their bulbes How to know the Best others from the number of their leafs others from the colour of their flowers and their positure yet are all alike in facultres and friends to Venus but that is most approved whose root is singular round about the magnitude of an Apple yellow without white within turgid with carnosity sweet to the gust and grateful to the mouth Three leafs emerge out of this root which are depressed towards the ground in figure and colour like Lillies leafs but lesser from which three it is called Trifoile its caul is of a foot heighth its flowers small and white the roots of this praecels the rest for conditure and this I think is the true Satyrium Condited Satyria are analeptical and restaurative they are good for such as are tabid and such as frequently exercise venery for the root of Satyrium is thought so potent in exciting venery that by retension in ones hand it will stimulate them to congresse whence the Greeks design all plants by the nomenclature of Satyrion which excite venery CHAP. XXIV Of Leeks LEeks are sowen in gardens for culinary uses for the plant is rather esculent then medicinal as Cooks well know yet its succe is sometimes usurped in medicinal remedies as in coacting the powders of foetid pills and sometimes in extinguishing or rather educing of Empyreums for though it be calid yet it hath an excellent faculty in attracting and expelling the impressed vestigium of colour Leck is either sative or spontaneous and both are twofold Species the first sort of the sative is called the headed Leek the second the sective Leek the first because it consists of a round root like an Onyon the later because its root is longer and oftner sected one sort of the spontaneous is called Schoen oprasum which bears tenuious leafs like a bulrush the other is called Ampeloprasum which growes spontaneously in vineyards and other places Dioscorides makes mention of one to wit the headed Leek whose head or rather root that it might greatly increase and dilate it self the ancients covered it with a tile or slate and so they obtained their end many other wayes are invented whereby Leeks may acquire a prodigious magnitude but these we leave to Gardners All Leeks calefie extreamly ezsiccate extenuate open incide Vires resolve and help against the bitings of Serpents and Ustions It s seed brayed and drunk in passum or white Wine helps against the difficulty of urine and diduces its passages some write that Leek eaten excites venery and discusses ebriety but its frequent use causes tumultuous sleeps hurts the sight and begets aeruginous bile CHAP. XXV Of Radish root and Rape or wild Navew THere is much affinity betwixt radish root rape root and wild Turnep Radish root is so notorious that it needs not much explication for the vulgar are so delighted therewith that they sustain themselves with this root bread and salt nay all Nations make meat thereof Rephani Species There are three sorts hereof one is the greater which is an enemy to Vines another lesser the third is black radish which some call wild radish the Gardeners Reforum Rape root Rapiumunde dicitur Bunias is from its tumescent figure called Bunias from its round figure Gonzylon or rather Strongylon vulgarly Nape its root is very crasse carnous tuberous white and not capillated its leafes long sharp green deeply incided on both sides its Caule bicubitall and ramous its flowers luteous to which Cods succeed praegnant with seeds like Colewort feeds but greater which ingrede the confection of Mithridate whose faculty is eximious in expugning venenate diseases Some suspect that Bunias differs from Nape and that the seed of Bunias and not of Nape ingredes the composition of Mithridate but each may be substituted in defect of the other There are three differences of Napes or Rapes desumed from their Roots the first is orbiculated turbinated and short the second crasse and long the third lesse and vulgar which the vulgarity call Nape Napes or Turneps as they acquire their magnitude so also their bonity from the condition of the Heavens and of the soyl those that grow in the fields about * * * ATownin France Caen are so sweet and grateful that they are justly preferred before the rest Rapistrum is a certain wild rape root not at all bulbous Rapistrum which germinates in every field with broad green leafs and luteous flowers whose seed the women call Navet
Horehound Species THere are two kinds of Horehound the one white the other black which is called Ballore both are ramous without roots of half a foot 's altitude growing about walls and fields margins the white which is of more use hath quadrangular cauls hirsute with small hoarinesse two subrotund rugous incided and lanuginous leafs its flowers which are small emerge out of small cups which verticillately circumdate the genicls of the surcles all Horehound delights in ruderous places and about ruined aedifices some prefer black Horehound before the white but I choose the white with the more perite and Learned It is hot in the second degree Vires dry in the third it removes obstructions purges the Lungs educes flowers conduces to broken and convelled nerves and is given against the stings of Serpents and poysonous potions CHAP. XLI Of Betony Betony is altogether wild delighting in opaque and watry places yet for its excellent endowments it is cultivated in Gardens it emits long broad green subasperous leafs incided about like a Saw its caulicles are slender quadrangular somewhat hirsute and cubital its flowers are spicated red and white in some places the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Betonica which name may be detorted to another plant which some call Vetonica altilis some flos Armerius and the Germans flos superbus Besides the vulgar Betony there is another latifolious one found in many places which delights more in culture and flourishes most in Gardens Betony is hot and dry in the second degree Vires it is indued with a cephalical and alexiterial faculty wherefore it is good against the Epilepsie and poysonous diseases especially against the bitings of mad dogs and Serpents and if any praeassume this lethall poyson drunk shall not hurt him CHAP. XLII Of Veronica or Speedwell VEronica is twofold one masculine the other foeminine which many call Elatine the former Paulus Aegineta calls Betony it creeps along the earth with many hirsute and pedall surcles with long leafs lesser then Betony somewhat like * * * Spanish Spurge Teucrion but lanuginous with flowers orderly digested of a purpureous colour with a small rotund black seed contained in cups like boxes and with a slender root variously divaricated The foeminine Veronica which many call Elatine some Reprilis Veronica hath many pedal slender flexile lanuginous and solious surcles with hoary pilous leafs like †Money-wort Nummulary with small white flowers like * * * Snap-draggon Anthirrhinon with small round black seed like †Anagalidis Pimpernel much of it growes among segetives in fallow ground and sandy places Some make mention of a kind of Veronica with an erect Caul which puts forth more rigid furcles which are renuious ramous and folious like the former Dodonaeus adds another Veronica growing in Meadowes and moist places in effigies and magnitude very like the foeminine but its leafs are lesser not lanuginous but smooth and green its brauches are reptile flowers caeruleous its seed contained in little boxes small and black this and the former are seldom or â—ever used in medicine Sense indicates that Veronica is hot and dry Vires and experience demonstrates it to be astrictive and a good vulnerary it cures the Scab Wounds Ulcers and all vices in the skin it hath a peculiar faculty in curing or at least asswaging cancerous Ulcers Fuchsius writes falsly that the King of France correpted with the Leprosie was cured with the adjument of this herb for no King of France was ever correpted with such a foede disease nor yer with Pestilence CHAP. XLIII Of Ditanny DItiany's caulicles are cubital or shorter which divide themselves into certain wings on whose summities depend flowers proceeding from the same interstices in the form of scales its leafs are rotund but acuminated on the one side very lanuginous and like pennyroyal but higher that is best that growes in Crete and that most laudable that growes on Picte a Mountain in that Region whence it is denominated some of the Greeks call it Beloacon that is Weapon-salve and Belotocon because it excludes infixed â—â—rts for Harts confixed with Arrowes run to Dictanny by the contact whereof they exclude the Arrowes Hence some call it Dorcidium or Cervary because Harts first invented its use Goats also feeding near it and vulnerated demonstrated its efficacy its leafs are tomentous and its flowers of a violaceous black colour Another kind of Dictanny is found in some maritimous places as in the Barofluctuan shores in Normandy very like this in leass which is called Pseudo-Dicamny but its flowers do verticulately circumcinge its surcles and its faculties are not so efficacious as the legitimate Dictamny which some call Diphthomny is hot and dry in the third degree it will by the Ancients testimony extract weapons extinguish introsâ—â—ued poyson it helps in pestilence excluâ—â—â—â— flowers young and seconds abates the spleen and â—ures Strangury CHAP. XLIV Of Stoechas Cassidony or French Lavender SToechas is unjustly firnamed Arabian seeing it equally germinates in other parts and regions as in Crete Belgium and Noâ—mandy where it lives well among Snowes and in the Islands Stoechades from which or from their spicated summities they are denothinated Dodonaeus knew three sorts thereof the first the common and true Stoechas the second the Belgian like the former in effigies the third with sawed leafs besides which there is another with golden coloured leafs like Eliochrysum and is called Chrysocome or Orenge-coloured Stoechas this hath short and slender caulicles angust hoary and hispid leafs and luteous splendent flowers like small bubles it growes in rough and Sandy places Pena malâ—â— three sorts hereof See him The true Stoechac emits many cubitall slender and lignous cauls with hair on its summities angular like ears of Corn long leafs broad like Lavander spike and heary small caeruleous odorate flowers in a Foliaceous spike which are sua veolent Stoechas is manifestly hot a mare moderately astrictive and very cephalical for it recreatâ—â— head and all animal facultiâ—â— discusses frigid humours exhilarates the mind and conduceâ—â—â— all affections of the head flowing from a cold distempet it 〈◊〉 borates all the intrals and the whole body CHAP. XLV Of Sage SAge is either domestick or Sylvestrian domestick is twofold the greater and the lesser both called Elelisphacos though some denote the greater onely with this name calling the lesser Sphacelos which some call wild Sage others boske Sage There is another kind of Sage in Crete that bears betries which in figure odour and sapour is very like ours Sage is a ramous plant Diosc C. 41. L. 3. having quadrangular and hoary branches with leafs like Quince leafs but more angust sharp crasse and whiter its flowers which depend on the tops of its branches are fulcated like them of Horminum and caeruleous Salvia is Cephalical nerval calefactive siccative apertive Vires moving flours and urine the
we shall hereafter declare Now Anethum is of a bicubital procerity with rotund and geniculated surcles leafs dissected small like capillaries luteous flowers on its muscary plain small foliated and pallid seed and a hard fibrous root it is sowen in Gardens and annually revives from the deciduous seed its odour is grave and yet jucund and sweet It calefies and siccates in the second degree Vires being introsumed it moves urine allayes gripings and flatuosity abates singulture evokes milk and augments it it incides attenuates and cocts humours CHAP. LXXIIII Of Macedonian Petroseline PEtroseline is either vulgar frequent in our Gardens which Physitians call Garden Smallage and the vulgarity Parsley which as a gratefull Pot-herb is inservient to culinary uses Or Macedonian which is diversely depinged by herbalists For Lobelius contends that in caul leafes umbells and seed it is very like the vulgar or Garden Parsley onely it growes in Praerupt and saxous places whence it is called Petrapium and Petroseline so that ours and the Garden is one the wild and the Macedonian Parsley the same also yet Fuchsius saith it hath leafes like Pimpinella and seeds like Ammi Odorate Acrmionious and Aromaolent And this same description he received not onely by tradition from Dioscorides but saw and experienced for when he had committed the seed of Macedonian Petroseline to the Earth he found the Plant thence produced to beare leafes respondent to Pimpinella and seed conditionated as Dioscorides had described It growes copiously in Macedonia especially in rough and saxous places It calefies and siccates notably moves urine educes flowers Vires eases the colicall dolour mitigates gripings cures the dolours of the sides Reins and Liver discusses flatuosity attenuates incides and successefully ingredes the confecture of Antidotes CHAP. LXXV Of Coriander THough Coriander be a tetrous and graveolent herb yet is it sowen and cultivated in Gardens for its grains by frication depose their ingratefull odour and become suaveolent its surcle is very slender round cubitall and ramous its leafes are at first like them of Adiantum laciniated and variously incided for the part next the caul is lesse sected the remoter more its flowers are white on large umbells its seed made round firme somwhat striated and inane which at first is green then luteously white its root short hard and fibrous the odour of its leafes is putrid and tetrous It seed is commonly prepared with Vinegar for the castigation of some inique quality but desiccation effects as much so that it may thenceforth be desumed without further preparation Coriander is refrigerative according to Dioscorides and cures biles pimples and inflammations if taken in bread or pancakes Vires But Galen dissents from this tenent proveing it to be calid and not to help biles or the like but onely small watry powks for it calefies moderately resiccates manifestly and is somwhat astrictive CHAP. LXXVI Of Capers THe Caper shrub growes spontaneously in many places makeing much prouent in dry and desart fields without the help of the Ploughman it is a senticous shrub low and hamated with many a dark Prickles whose aculeated branches are orbicularly spread on the ground its leafes are circinated like them of Quince-Trees out of whose wings erupt long pedicles capitulated with round umbells which dehisteing expand white flwers whereunto long fruits full of Acinous seeds succeed These rudments of flowers or small heads while they are yet nodose and not explicate are by Pharmacopolists evelled condited and brine and kept for Capers the lesser are better then the larger this conditure makes them more suaue and whol-some both for medicinall uses and esure the root of this shrub is also praescinded its bark separated siccated and text Capers afford but small Aliment to their assumers because of the tenuity of their parts and are therefore rather subserivent to mediniall uses yet they mutuate a certain savour pergratefull to the stomack from this brine that invites the ranseative to banquets and revotes the languishing appetite Caper both fruit and root is calefactive extersive and purgative Vires it incides and digests roborates helpes and minuates the spleen removes obstructions and cures all diseases ariseing from the insariture imbecillity of the spleen CHAP. LXVXII Of upright holy suckles or Woodbind THis Plant the Romans call volucrum majus somtimes Caprifolium scribonius largus calls it Matrisglua and some the Lilly among Thornes it is a Surculons Lignous and Scansory shrub circumuoluring it self about the Vicine-Trees and with its obsequious surcles ascending their summities T is leafes which are posited at distance and two together at each Genicle are long smooth sofi of a whitish green colour more white one the lower side its flowers white and somtimes flave long fistulous gapeing in their extremities many congested together Garland wise and suaveolent out of whose middle come some lusts its fruit somwhat red round racemously cohaerem wherein a hard seed is contained its root is crasse and lignous and of no use in Pharmany It growes in Woods and Hedges so straightly amplexing trees sometimes that it leaves thereon the impression of its circumvolutions Some of these Woodbinds in amplexing the vicine trees take their rounds from the Orient to the Occident others from the occident to the orient and that at all times and in all places It calefies and siccates evidently diminishes the Spleen conduces to the orthopnoical moves urine adimates singultion accelerates delivery in birth deleates the pimples of the face Vires and by long use causes sterility both in man and woman Xylosteron is very like this honey-suckle or woodbind but that it needs no fulciments for its supporture as this requires CHAP. LXXVIII Of Broom THe very Maids know Broom which they collect and colligate for Beesoms ours growes in incultivated and dry places and is wild the Spanish Broom which is our Garden Broom is like the wild but its branches leafs and flowers are larger The flowrs of the Spanish Broom are more graveolent then its branches the branches of the wild Broom more tetrous then its flowers There is a low kind of Broom which we call Genistella whose caulicles are each way extended into membranous wings instead of leafs which is neglected as uselesse in medicine Broom flourishes at the beginning of the spring whose flowers not then perfectly explicated are collected and condited with Vinegar and Salt and kept for Winter-Acetaries like Capers It calefies and siccates to the second degree its flowers are chiefly commended to the expediating of the infarctures of the Spleen and Liver one dragme or a dragme and a half of its feed brayed and drunk in three ounces of sweet water Vires moves and subduces the belly opens the bladder and cures Strangury CHAP. LXXIX Of Savine THere are two sorts of Savine the one bacciferous the other devoid of all fruit both lowe like Juniper and alwayes green Species that which is not gravidated with Berries
yet dilute but alike in all parts which besides its sweetness participates of the acrimonious sapour of Thyme but no perceptible part thereof in odour according to Oribasius c. 62. l. 2. collect And as Honey by long coction so by long keeping i will grow bitter for Galen saith c. 11. l. 1. de antidot that he kept Athenian Honey which we account the best so long as in amaritude it resembled that which the Bees collect in Pontus It were supervacaneous to treat any more of Honey since we have abundantly spoken thereof in the third Chapter of the third Book of our Institutions CHAP. VII Of Manna MAnna is the most excellent and divine gift of Nature and not onely that which God preternaturally bestowed on the Israelites but this also which like Honey or Sugar-dew distills upon leaves and daily offers it self for our use For our vulgar Husbandmen do no less admire their small Manna than the Israelites did their Sugar-hail whil'st exulting they sing Jupiter rains Honey down whence it is called Areomel by the Arabians Terenjabin and in the sacred Scriptures Manna with which our Manna or Manna Thuris accords onely in name which is produced by the elision of two bundles one against another for therby certain small fragrancies are congested which is collected for Manna Thuris There is also another kinde they call Manna Larigna collected of the broken boughs of the Larix tree but both these too licentiously usurp this title for Manna properly so called which is used by Physicians for I do not speak of the Man-hâ— or Manna of the Hebrews is celestial dew sweet and gratefull delabing about the day-spring upon the boughs and leaves of trees and herbs which speedily concretes into the consistency of a gum That is best which is collected of leaves and is called Manna de folio and that worst which is called Manna de terra Now the Calabrian Manna especially that which comes out of a certain part of Oenotria is thought the best where it descends every Summer and is gather'd of all Brassavel in exam fimpl Brassavelus tels us Historia how the Neopolitan Kings once occluded this place that none might assume it without toll or tribute but the Manna thereupon ceased to descend the tribute being taken off and the hindrances removed the Manna again descended the place being again occluded it ceased the inclosure or hedge being again taken away it descended so that the Kings were glad to leave it free and permit any to collect it that would The same is storied of the Tragasaan of Salt in Epirus up 〈◊〉 which when Lysimachus imposed a tribute there was none to be found when the tribute was contra-decreed the Salt redounded c. 12. l. 9. Rhod. Cal. But that I may not further rove there is a kâ—â—de of Manna in France commonly called Manna Briansonnensis which Medicks sometimes use for want of Calabriensis but it is not near so good There is another kinde round called Manna Mastichina Manna mâ—sichina which beaten from the boughs and leaves of trees by the impetuousness of the winde which delabes like hail but neither from Heaven nor from the Air which is improperly called Manna being the tears of trees or their juice concreted Manna is moderately hot it lenifies the throat asper-artery and breast it benignly moves the belly and purges watry humours especially the small Manna as that which comes from Calabria not Terenjabin which the Arabians say is like Honey which we use not because we want it CHAP. VIII Of Cordial Flowers and first of Violets A Violet which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 grows in opake and rough places at the foundations of walls or margins of gardens and sometimes in meadows it is green all the year long and flourishes sometimes in February most frequently in March whence it is called Mars his Flower and sometimes in Autumn if it be cultivated it leaves are like Ivy leaves but less and thinner of a short stalk in the end whereof grows a Flower of a ceruleous purple colour and odour like Flower de luce It brings forth a small seed in little round leaves about the end of Summer Now Violets are multifarious and different in colours for some are white some blew and other in a mean betwixt both There are some also which stand upon longer and harder stalks whose flowers are like a purple colour others which are tricolorous and grow upon quadrate slender succulent and reptile stalks in dry places whose leaves are more angust long and lascivious than others from its three-fold colour some call it the herb Trinity others the flammeous Violet and the vulgar Frenchmen the Minute pensea Other small stocks of Violets have got names which because Phyficians seldome use we omit But the martial Violets are wholly used for their flowers being endued with an exhilarating faculty Vires are mixed with Cordials their seeds and leaves being malactical ingrede the decoction of Glysters and confection of Cataplasms All men conclude that their Flowers are refrigerative yet that acrimony they leave in the mouth by mastication speaks them to participate of some calour But because that calour is fugitive being overcome by their exuberant frigidity the Medicks judge them to be frigid CHAP. IX Of the Flowers of Bugloss BUgloss so tearmed from its similitude to an Oxes tongue because it is eximious in inducing hilarity is by Dioscorides and Pliny called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it hath long broad rough leaves like Cumfrey but straiter shorter and not of so obscure a green Its stalks are bicubital brachiate rough its flowers replenished with spots like stars ceruleous shining in the bottome whereof is a long obscure pithy seed It s root is long crass black without white within succubent sweet it grows in gardens in fandy and also in plain places There is no variety neither in nature nor shape amongst the Hortensian Buglosses onely the flowers of some are white of others purpureous and vulgarly ceruleous But the wild ones differ much for some are alwayes green which will like in any region others are very sharp whose leaves are rigid with prominent pricks which by some are mistaken for Anchusa so named from the blood wherewith its root infects the tangent Bugloss is of a hot and moyst or rather a middle temperature whence it is reckoned amongst the exhilarative Plants which Galen was not ignorant of when c. 80. l. 6. de simpl med he wrote that Bugloss immerged in Wine would cause joy and hilarity CHAP. X. Of Borrage flowers BOrrage is an herb notorious enough its leaves and faculties bear an affinity with Bugloss for both their leaves are long resembling a Neats tongue but Borrage leaves are shorter and broader which the rigour of the winter soon corrupts and kills but Bugloss bears it out and grows but especially its root and those leaves that are next ground flourish It bears broad ceruleous flowers and sometimes white larger
ferrugineous spots It neither bears seed nor flowers like Adiantum wherewith also it agrees in reference to its faculties CHAP. XIX Of Ceterach or Spleen-wort ALL the society of Pharmacopolists stood long in this errour Ceterach that Scolopendrium and Heminionis commonly called Harts-tongue were one and the same Plant till better informed either by the bare words or writings of Physicians they were convinced that Splenium commonly called Ceterach was the true Scolopendrium Its leaves are small divided like Polypody yellowish rough narrow and corrugated underneath adhering to a blackish pedicle scarce a palms length disposed in an adverse order yet not so that they are directly opposite one against another like the leaves of the Polytriche but that they oppose each others interstice as of some Polypody It is found in rocks opake walls and such stony and shady places insisting upon no stalk save a small pedicle crowned with no flower and gravidated with no seed It s faculty is to minuate the spleen to break and expell the stone Vires to move urine to abate singulture and cure the Jaundies CHAP. XX. De Salvia vita or Rue-maidenhair THis Plant is next in affinity to a Capillary Salvia vita which from the similitude of the leaves and the congruity of place wherein Rue and it grow is called mural Rue and by the Shopmen Salvia vita It thrives best in opake rocks wet stones old edifices and caves which as it were dividing the rocks proceeds out of their incisures with thin short and slender stalks whereon little but crass leaves adhere divided and of a whitely green colour very like to Rue The whole Plant is scarce as long as a mans palm devoyd of seed and slowers alwayes green and therefore it is often used in winter when other Plants are either withered or eradicated Vires It reserates the excrementitious passages takes away obstructions moves excrements exsiccates watry humours and thence conduces to the stoppings of the spleen and mesenteries it moves flowers and urine expells the stone cures the dropsy and helps diseases within the breast They are mistaken that think this is Fellon-grass CHAP. XXI Of some other Plants that are of the second sort of Capillaries and first of Moon-fern Hemionitis THis Herb is from the efficacy of its faculties wherewith it respects the spleen called by Pharmacopolists sometimes Asplenium sometimes Scolopendrium as also Ceterach because in curing the affection of the spleen it hath the precellency yet it is neither Scolopendrium Asplenium nor common Ceterach but a distinct Plant destitute of stalk seed and flower onely a company of leaves issuing out of the earth whence it is often called Phyllitis that is a folious herb for its root emits many fibrous and blackish leaves upon as many filaments which leaves are crass rigid long like Harts tongue as it is sometimes denominated smooth on the upper side rough on the lower with transverse ferrugineous lines Gaza calls it Mula It is of great use to the spleen Vires whose obstructions it doth not onely remove but abates its durity and obtumescence and successfully helps the affections of the liver CHAP. XXII Of Dodder and Epithymum DOdder grows upon fruitfull Herbs like Epithyme Dodder epithymus destitute of a root but as Matthiolus faith issues out of the stalk of a Plant like a wing or long capillament It grows most abundantly about Line whence the Shopmen call it Lines Podagry Fuchsius not without reason believes that Dodder at first proceeds from some root which withers and perishes when its capillaments do involve a plant from which it may suck nutriment and thence it is that the temperament and quality of the Dodder changes according to the variety and nature of the Plants which it involves And many think that Dodder and Epithyme differ not save that the one grows on Line the other on Thyme Yet Matthiolus will not suffrage herewith but contends and that by testimony from Galen that both the form and qualities are in them different for Epithyme calefies in the third degree and Cuscuta onely in the second but here it onely follows that Epithyme borrows its calefactive quality from Thyme Cuscuta from Line They do very dangerously mistake who take the podagry of other Plants for true Cuscuta and Epithyme Neither of them have any leaves they are onely hairy putting forth slender capillaments like Cittern strings out of which issues forth small flowers like glistering stars gravidated with small seeds which ingrede the composition of the laxative syrup of Succory and Rhabarb It is abstersive and roborative it cures the obstructions of the liver and spleen moves urine helps the jaundies and is good for all affections proceeding from cholerick and melancholick humours CHAP. XXIII Of the five Apertive Roots and first of Smallage-root THere are many apertive roots five whereof precell the other in dignity three whereof grow in Gardens to wit Petroseline Sperage and Fennel two in places uncultivated Smallage and Butchers-broom * * * Smallage Apium in Latine and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek differ much as also Parsly and Petroseline For Apios according to Dioscorides cap. 177. lib. 4. hath leaves like Rue short and growing on three or four stalks lying along on the ground and on a root that is extrinsecally black intrinsecally white formed like a Pear which will move the body both by vomit and stool though not vehemently Yea Apios is sometimes taken for a root like a Pear in form and sometimes for some juice that is insipid or at least of an imperceptible sapour Whereas Apium properly so called which Dioscorides names seline or cleofeline is very like Parsley but greater and effects the same with Parsley but because of its ungratefull odour and sapour is excluded the lociety of Pot-herbs It grows most commonly in uncultivated and moyst places whence it is properly called Paludapium or Rustick Smallage It is hot in the second Its virtues and dry in the third degree Gal. l. 8. simp it moves flowers and urine discusses flatuosity and its seed is more efficacious than the Herb it self Pliny saith it cures Spiders poyson It s root is frequently usurped to deduce the passages to remove obstructions and it is thought that its leaves eaten conduce much to the lungs CHAP. XXIV Of Petroseline THat which the Antients called Garden-Apium Petroseline and Parsley we call Petroseline it is most common in Gardens and most frequently used in making broth and dressing meat it grows no where save in Gardens and there most redundantly whether they be hot or cold it refuses no soyl if it be cultivated and fat and suppeditate humour whereon it may live its seed germinates the latest of all to wit about forty or fifty dayes after its sature It bears leaves like Coriander crisped roots it hath long and capillated which are pleasant for Aliments and usefull for Medicaments It is given to
and in the Mountain Apenninus where it is called Panacea Species because it resembles the Heraclea panax in its root caul and faculties Panacea is fourfold the Syrian the Heraclean the Chironian and the Centaurean which some call the Pharnacean but I leave these to the exact discussers of Simples who write the History of all Herbs and return to my purpose The Roots and Seeds of Ligusticum are calefactive Vires and therefore help concoction roborate the ventricle dissipate Flatuosity move Urine and flours take away the suffocation of the uterus and cure the bitings of Serpents CHAP. XI Of Seseli or Hartwort MAny Plants dissident in effigies are donated with this name as Massiliense Aethiopicum the herb Aethiopicum the shrub Creticum or Thordylium Peloponnense pratense herbaceum or that which is like hemblock the Massilian Seseli which is most useful in medicine hath a ferulaceous caul of two Cubits heighth Seseli Massiliense geniculated and hard its leases like Fennel but more ample large and crasse with white flowers in Umbells long seeds like Fennel which are very acrimonious and yet grateful whereof Medicks make much use The Aethiopian fruticious Seseli hath lignous Aethiopicum jrutex rigid subrubeous and cubital surcls long leafes which are indifferent broad smooth and a whitish green yellow flowers upon umbells and long seeds like Libisticum The Aethiopian herbaceous Seseli Aethiop Herba hath ferulaceous bicubital cauls broad leafs like paludapium umbells referted with white flowers membranous broad plain paleaceous odorate and grateful seed The Peloponnesian Seseli Peloponeuse hath a geniculated and ferulaceous caul broad leafes variously dissected patulous Umbells subluteous flowers broad long plain seed and a crass root somewhat blackish without white within acrimonious and amare and grievous to the stomach The Cretian Seseli hath a lowe and more obsequious Caul leass incided and crisped in their margine small white flowers in umbells small broad plain odorate and acrimonious seeds which are seldom used in medicine All Seseli seed is hot and dry in the second degree expels urine Vires drawes flowers and the young and educes urine from the reins and bladder the seed of the Massilian is best CHAP. XII Of Gentian GEntian is not underservedly extolled nor yet indignly denominated after Gentius King of Illyrium for it is a most solemn fugatour of pestilence destroyer of putretude and antidote against Poyson its Leafes are like Plantain or rather white Hellebore veinous a foot long very amare and of a redly green colour it s Caul is cubitall or higher out of whose severall genicls issue flowers consisting of six small angust and radiant leafes vertiginously disposed to which broad tenuious seeds succeed which are included in the long Cauls whereon the flowers stood It growes in any place but delights more in montanous so they be opaque the best come from Illyrium where it arrogated the princely name of its inventor its root is of chiefest use Gentian especially in its root comprises so much of vertue that it keeps not onely men Vires but beasts also from the harm of poyson drunk in water it corroborates the stomach kills the worms arceates puttertude tames pestilentious poyson and securely cures the stinging of poysonous animalls Other plants from some similitude acquire the name of Gentian as the lesser Cruciata and Gentianella but their faculties being little or not at all like the true Gentians they seldom ingrede the composition of Antidotes CHAP. XIII Of Tormentill THis plant is called Tormentilla The denomination because it leniates the torment and pain of Odontalgy or tooth-ache and Septafoile by the Greeks Heptaphyllon because it consists of seven leafes it growes in shady wooddy and opaque places it puts forth many slender simbecil and lower branches betwixt every knot it emits seven leafes of inequal magnitude luteous flowers a crasse tuberous short root black without red within whose use is eximious in curing pestilentious diseases It s root calefies moderately dryes exceedingly to wit Vires in the third degree it astringes moderately wonderfully opposes putretude moves sudor and efficaciously sucurres in pestilentious diseases CHAP. XIV Of Poeony POEony is an herb eximious in name flower and faculties it hath many branches of feets length with fair rubeous flowers on their summities ample like Roses whence some call them Saint Maries Roses There are three sorts of Poeony The first is the Masculine Species which hath leafs like Walnut-trees but lesser in circuit and more crasse The second bears leafs divided like Lovage lesser then the former of a dark green colour with shorter surcl's and all things lesse which is the foeminine The third seems to be neuter or promiscuous bearing an Idea of both which is neither absolutely red nor white but pale Some grow now in Gardens altogether white and very fair the most elegant whereof is multiflorous whose flower is not simple like the rest but manifold All have tuberous and multifidous roots but some of them are more glandulous then the rest they have long cauls divided leafs patulous flowers in the summity of their cauls there are husks like Almond husks which dehisceing shew their small red splendent grains like Orenge grains and in the middle some black lucid medullous ones of a medicated sapour acrimonious subastringent with some amaritude I describe these briefly lest my Work should swell into a greater Volume Many things are supersititiously spoken of Poeony which I willingly omit not judging them worthy recital Its roots are commended to the roboration of the Nerves and Brain Vires to exarceate the Epilepsie and cure it as also to roborate the whole Head CHAP. XV. Of Rubia or Madder THis Plant from its rubetude is by the Latines called Rubia by the Greeks Erythrodanum it puts forth quadrangular sharp and geniculated boughes from the very ground with angust long sharp leafes orbicularly digested about the genicls its flowers in the summities of its branches are small and luteous to which a small round seed succeeds which at first is green after red at last black Its roots are very long numerous flexibly dispersed along the ground red within and without wherewith wooll and skins are infected or dyed the Shopmen calls it Dyers Ruby the vulgar Garensa it growes spontaneously in shady and opaque places so that all regions abound therewith its root is amare to the gust accommodated to infect and dye woollen and therefore most used by Dyers Ruby root moves urine and flours Vires cures the jaundice its seed drunk in vinegar absumes the Spleen its root applyed drawes flours seconds and the birth and illited with vinegar it cures the tetter or ringworm CHAP. XVI Of Oinon or Rest-Harrow THis plant is called Onon Resta Bovis Or Oinon from its flower which in colour represents wine the Barbarians call it the Oxens arrest Remora Aratri Acutella or rest the
Saxifrages the one whereof is called white Saxifrage because it bears a white flower the other aureous because it bears a golden flower the seed of the greater Saxifrage should be selected to the confection of Benedicta Laxativa It is evidently hot and dry Vires it attenuates incides digests expurges takes away obstructions moves flowers educes glutinous humours out of the breast moves urine and breaks and expells stones CHAP. LI. Of Aristolochy or Birthwort ARistolochy is so called because it helps childbearing and edures their Lochia Many call it the Earths apple because its fruit is like an apple but this nomenclature is peculiar to the round ones for the fruits of some are turbinated There are five sorts of Aristolochies the long round sarmentitious saracenical and Pistolochia or Polyrhizon all which are so like in cauls leafs and flowers that none but such as are very perspicacious can difference and distinguish them They grow in many places in France about the margines of vineyards of fields in fat and restible soyl the long growes copiously on the Banks of Sequana Dioscorides acknowledges onely three sorts of Aristolochy the round the long and the sarmentarious the long he calls the masculine the round the foeminine which some call Dactylis he attributes eximious faculties to both not onely against venerate animals but also for their potency in extracting the splinters and fractures of bones and darts The round which nigreds the Confection of Hiera Pacchii Vires calefies and dryes potently it is good against poysons difficulty of breathing sighings and Spleen it attracts such things as are left after childbearing whence it is called Aristolochia for removing the remora's it validly educes the Seconds and moves Flowrs CHAP. LII Of Asarum or Asarabacca ASarum is by some called Vulgago by others Perpensa and Baccharis but the Shopmen call it after the Greeks and Latines Afarum its leafs are in colour and magnitude hederaceous yet not acuminated but somewhat rotund constituting an imperfect circle or as the Alchymists say referring the signature of an ear of which herb when the Empirick Rivierius boasted he was demanded by a learned Physician of Paris whether or no the Leafs of Asarum were the best and most determinate cure for the diseases of the Auricles whose ridiculous response demonstrated that he neither knew the herb nor the proper affections of the place its flowers are small lying under its leafs like the flowers of Orenge coloured Henbane but lesser wherein a small angulous and sharp seed is contained its roots are many slender and gracile obliquely diffused and alternately implicated Its roots are hot and dry as also its Leafs Vires but these more imbecilly they move urine and flowers excite vomit and expurge pituitous and crasse humours they are very good against the obstructions and tumours of the Liver and Spleen whence macerated in wine it is good against the Jaundice and Dropsie CHAP. LIII Of Pimpinell or Burnet PImpinel or Pampinell Species which some enumerate amongst the Saxifrages is twofold the one Hortensian which delights in sature and culture the other Sylvestrian which growes in Meadowes and other incultivated places both agree with Saxâ—frage not onely in form but faculties also some call this plant Peponell others Bipennula others Sanguisorbe and Sanguinary some give it the most composited name of Dionysio-nymphas because conjected into Wine it conciliates a certain grateful suavity in drinking The Hortensian is most used both or them have long leafs many congested together upon one pedicle each whereof is subtotund serrated and somewhat hirsute their cauls are cubitall quadrangular somewhat striated and ramous our of whose summities erupt round capiâ—ls compacted of little cleraceous leafs and flowers which seem to dye sometimes before the rising of the flowers and after theoccase of the fruits wherein many angulous and dusky seeds are included It s root is long hard and uselesse It calefies and siccates in the beginning of the second recesse Vires it is very grateful to the principal parts as the Heart Liver and such Intrals it purifies the blood purges the reins ejects stones and sand helps against the bitings of mad-dogs and conduces in maligne and pestilent Feavers CHAP. LIV. Of Germander CHamadrys growes in petrous and rough places it is a fulfruticious plant of nine inches heighth whose leafs are like oak Leafs whence it is called Chamaedrys or small oak It is called Trissago and sometimes Toucrium but it hath small affinity with Teucrium Dioscorides substitutes no Species to this plant though the later Writers have found many which have much cognation therewith for Fuchslus sayes there are two masculine plants and as many foeminine of this name Dodonaem saith there are two reptile ones and as many assurgent the last whereof he onely calls the wild Chamaedrys when indeed they are all wild It calefies and siccates in the second degree liberates the intralls from obstructions educes flowers and much profits its assumers as you may see in Dioscoriaes C. 12. L. 3. CHAP. LV. Of Ground Pine DIoscorides makes three varieties of true Ground Pines Dâ—donaeus addes three more of spurious ones the first is called Ajuga or Abuga from its odour It hath leafs like semper Vivum but much smaller fatter hirsute and densely set about the boughes with a tenuious flower of a whitish luteous colour it is also called Arthriticall Ivy because it conduces to the cure of the Gout the second hath cubitall slender crooked boughs with candid flowers and small black seed the third is called masculine Ground Pine which is small with exile whitish and hispid leafs sharp caulicle â—â—teous flowers and seed all smell like the Pine none of Musk as sâ—me have thought Ground Pine is hot in the second and dry in the third degree Vires it is apertive helps against the Kings Evil and Strangury moves flowers helps against the bitings of Scorpions roborates the nerves and conduces to the cure of the Sciatica and other Gowts CHAP. LVI Of Feaverfew WE said before that Feaverfew was not Mugwort now we confesse that it is a kind of Motherwort but not stinking Camomil as I heard a skilful man once affirm Feverfew as Discorides asserts hath leafs like Coriander but smaller variously incided and jagged the ambient of its flower is white the middle luteous like Camomile its odour is venenate its sapour amare its root is scinded with many slender and hard fibres and the whole plant is of a dilute colour and known to all It is called the shops motherwort because it cures such women as are obnoxious to the suffocation of the matrix and other affections from that cause There are two sorts thereof the one with a simple flower Species which is the vulgar the other with a full and manifold flower which for its elegancy is sowen and cultivated in gardens and unlesse it obtain fat soyl degenerates into the simple one there is another brought
stomacate and sceletyrbe which maladyes much molest the Germanes and Septentrionall incolists the like whereof hapned upon Caesars Souldiers wâ—en they came beyond Rhene who there finding a River drunk of â—he water which within two dayes caused their â—eeth to fall out and resolved the joynts of their knees but the herb Britannica well help such as are thus infested Bistort doth from its nodose intorted rubescent root emit long broad acuminated and venous leafes green above and somewhat white beneath round cubitall or shorter caules circumvested with little leafes from the middle upwards and adorned with purpueous flowers its seed is small and triangular like that of Sorrell It s root is most used in Pharmacy Vires which is inodorate refrigerative and astrictive it roborates the internalls exarceates puitetude resists poyson and cures pestilent diseases CHAP. XX. Of the Strawberry-Bush FRagaria is perpetually green never devoid of leafes it depends upon no Caule onely its radicles emit slender and lanuginous pedicles some whereof bear onely leafes others flowers and fine leafes others like fibres creep along the ground and germinate for where ever they touch ground there they radicate and ministrate a new Plant there are three oblong broad serrated leafes like them of Cinquefoile on each pedicle an herbaceous lump erupts after the occasion of the flowers which augments by little and little and becomes white when it attaines maturity it is red like a Mulberry it is candid soft medullous vinose humid gratefull and sweet to the gust referted with minute grains which we call Strawberries It s root is fibrous capillated and blackish neither it nor the leafes of this Plant are much celebrated for Medicinall uses though it accede the confection of the Martian unguent for the commendable quality of this whole Plant is in its fruit as of Rose-trees in their flowers Mulabathrum in its leafe and Ginger in its root it growes spontaneously in Woods and umbrous places but flourishes more in Gardens and beares greater and sweeter berryes Strawberryes refrigerate Vires quench thirst and nourish the body for a while their water destilled deleates the spots of the face expurges it and makes it fairer CHAP. XXI Of Cinquefoile THis herb is so denominated from the number of its leafes it emitts from one root many pedall festucaceous surcles with luteous and fugaceous flowers on their summityes like them of wild Tansey each pedicle beares five â—oblong flowers crenated about like a Saw the whole Plant is somwhat hirsute and whitish its root long blackish without and ruddy within it growes spontaneously about the margins of fields There is another sort of Cinquefoile with great crenated leafes green above and white and lanuginous below there is a third also which is reptile whose branches are slender and imbecill leafes smooth and green flowers luteous and roots fibrous and exile another sort growes in stagnant places in leafes and magnitude very like the first with double darkly red flowers which grow upon an head referted with many seeds Cinquefoile whose root is most in use allayes the inflammation of the jawes and asper artery Vires it stayes the belly flux and dysentery in drink it cures the dolours of the hips and junctures cures biles and scabs discusses cowles on the neck cohibites pimples represses watry swellings the succe of its root while young and tender is good against the affections of the Liver and Lungs CHAP. XXII Of Goosse-grasse or Cleavers GOosegrasse hath either soft surcles and leafes and is called Mellugo or sharpe ones and is called Asperugo or Spargula and Asperula for the whole Plant adhaeres to the Cloaths of such as passe by through its tenacious asperity whence the Greeks call it Philanthropon and Philadelphon Pliny Lappago Goosegrasse is a Plant growing besides hedges ditches and amongst thornes adhaereing to vicine shrubs with imbecill obsequious quadrangular surcles of many cubits length with angust leafes decussated like Starres and orbicularly cohaereing to the genicles of its surcles as in Ruby to which it is very like its flower is small and white its seed hard white round concave in forme of a navil whence some call it Omphalocarpon Goosegrasse is moderately extersive and desiccative the succe of the whole Plant drunk in Wine auxiliates against the biteings of Spiders and Vipers the Plant infused therein cures the eares aches Vires its leafes brayed and collected in Wine-Lees discusse swellings in the neck Gallion is very like Spargula or Mollugo which is often put into milke to co-agulate it CHAP. XXIII Of Scabiose SInce this Plant is neither that which Dioscorides calls Scrobe nor that which Aëtius calls Psora we cannot learn from the ancients what it is however it is a Plant which is now for its frequency and excellent effects very well known it beares long broad hirsute and laciniated leafes incided like Rocket its root is simple and long it s Caule halfe a foot high in whose summity growes a flower made up of many leafes whereof the circumambient are larger the middle lesser all of them with their pedicles are whitish There is another Scabiose called the lesser Scabiose scarce a hand high which in flower leafes and colour responds to the former a third also of a middle magnitude called Ovilla whose leafes are more broad long hirsute and crenated about and a fourth not very unlike the first whose Caules are cubitall and folious with caeruleously white flowers on their summityes Scabiose it is believed will cure the Scab it purges the Lungs cures the Cough and other pectorall affections as also pestilent diseases some think it is cold others temperate and exuberant in no quality CHAP. XXIIII Of the Cotton-Tree or Plant. GOssipium or Xylon vulgarly called Bombay is a cubitall ramous and brachiated Plant with leafes like the Vine-Tree but lesser luteous flowers which leave little Nutts behind them or rather small Apples of the magnitude of round Aristolochy which drawing to maturity spontaneously dehisce and give free passage to a certain soft white dawen conceived and kept within them together with copious seed like that of Cubebs turgid with white pitch within and black without this dawen is of much use to men the seed is onely Medicinall Gossipium which the Barbarians and Arabians call Gotum growes in Sicily and many moist places in Italy and Germany exposed to the Sun The Cotton-seed helpes the tussient Vires anhelant and rabid cureing many vices of the Lungs Liver and Reins its oyle extracted by expression deleates the pimples and pustuls of ones face CHAP. XXV Of Hispidula or Aeluropus commonly called Catts-foot MAny Plants mutuate their denominations from some parts of animalls which they resemble thus we have Hares-foot Crow-foot Lyons-foot Calfes-foot or Aron Colts-foot and Cats-foot which from its tomentitious dawen is somtimes called Pilosella somtimes Gnaphalium and often Hispidula It is a very small Plant with slender branches growing in Hills and dry places
a higher dignity of substance and virtue as when some rude and crude matter is brought to maturity and perfection Maturatio Maturation and Gradation they say conduce to this as Digestion and sometimes Circulation do to Maturation Digestio Maturation is an exaltation from a rude crudity to a well cocted and elaborate perfection Digestion is a simple Maturation whereby things incocted and untractable are cocted and made more milde and tractable by a digestative heat Circulation is an exaltation of pure Liquor by a circular solution Circulatio Gradatio by the help of the heat in Mercuries or Pelicans Cup. Gradation appertains properly to Metals for it is an exaltation of them to a greater degree of bonity and perfection whereby their weight colour and consistency is brought to a more excellent degree But that I may no longer digress from my purpose I will leave their Chymical Preparations to themselves for this Treatise of Distillation compelled me briefly to touch of these and paint it on the margin as a Work by the by The end of the second Book OF MEDICAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS The third Book Of the composition of general Medicaments CHAP. I. Why Medicaments are compounded AS Simplicity in Nature is before Composition so are simple Medicaments before compound and the antient Physicians as Pliny relates cap. 2. lib. 26. Nat. Histor first prescribed onely Simples to cure Diseases as Diocles Praxagoras Chrysippus and Eristratus Hippocrates also who first laid the foundations of the medicinal Art and gave Laws thereto cured almost all Diseases with simple Medicaments alone Yet saith Aetius cap. 25. tetr 4. serm 2. necessity constrained the exercised Medicks to seek new remedies and compound some Simples because Simples cannot alwayes cure for saith Galen cap. 5. lib. 1. comp med general if Simples onely could preternaturally cure all affections there would be no need of Compounds but this no Simple can do The use therefore of Composition in Medicine is necessary especially for such Diseases as require at once contrary faculties in Medicaments which cannot be in Simples The causes why Medicaments should be compounded are many Serapio cap. lib. 7. first Multas esse causas composiâ—tonum medicamâ—morum when in curing or expelling a disease there is no one simple Medicament altogether contrary to it then must some compound be used which may supply the defect of the simple as when we would moderately cleanse an ulcer we mixe two simple Medicaments the one whereof would do it too potently the other too negligently now from the concourse and commistion of these two will proceed one moderate detersory the second cause of composition is that the violence of the Medicament may be obtunded or its ignavy excited now its violence is obtunded by the admixtion of a more benigne or an opposite Medicament as when with sharp we mixe mild with bitter sweet with calid refrigerating with maligne Cordiall Medicaments The third cause or reason is drawn from the variety of the Maladies to be cured for to every part affected and noxious humour a Medicament that is Analogicall and destinated to the same must be prescribed for it is meet that Medicament must be given to the Brain Lungs or other parts ill affected which hath respect to such parts and will free from such a mortificall cause the situation also and dignity of the parts affected demonstrate composition to be necessary for some part doth not onely require roboration which indeed is a principall effect as the brain by Cephalicks and the heart by Cordialls as Galen commands Cap. 1. lib. 1. comp med gener But also oftentimes alteration and a vindication from the noxious humour which one simple Medicament cannot effect furthermore a part situated farre from the remedy speaks composition to be necessary for some attenuating Medicament must be mixed with these remedies that the quality thereof may permeate to the part affected as Galen declares lib. 1. de comp per gener There are also other lesse necessary causes of composition as when Medicaments are dulcorated with sugar or honey that they may be more acceptable to the palate and heart or when they are condited with Cynamon and other sweet spices or washed in convenient decoctions or composed into the forme of a bole or solid Electuary for many Medicaments are conjoyned mixed and united together for odour sapour colour or jucundities sake and also for preservation to future uses CHAP. II. Of Syrups in Generall WHereas many Plants cannot always be had in readiness and integrall but either their leaves will be fallen or their Roots hidden in the ground as in Winter or their vertue decayed their leaves and flowers being scattered or they will not be found when urgent necessity requires juices are extracted out of them for future uses or their decoctions condited with a sufficient quantity of sugar or honey or both together are prepared so as they may be kept a long time without impairing their strength and vertue after great coction till they acquire the the consistency of a syrup Now a syrup is a certain liquid Medicament of juices or decoctions so long cocted with honey or sugar Syrupus quid for sapour and conservations sake till it attain a just consistency which may be known if one drop of it dropped on a marble stone dilate not but cleave together or taken betwixt ones fingers dwawne out in threads or teats Syrups were invented by the Arabians which Avicena lib. 5. serm 1. tract 6. calls decoctions or juices thickned with sweetnes according to the Arabick word Scarab Sharab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which denotes a certain drink but sweet or Srab which signifies sweet wine or rather a Syrup or potion prepared after our manner the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the ancients by all these often understood Oinomel or sweet potions for the name syrup and the preparation thereof was scarce known to antient Graecians But some hold that the name syrup is more probably derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 juice and and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to draw Nominis syrupietymologia as it were a juice extracted or that they were derived from Syria or from that which Alexander Aphrodiseus calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine boyled to the half new wine wine boyled to the third part or a sweet potion of wine and honey Syrups are perfectly cocted with honey or sugar that they may not corrupt but be usefull for a whole yeare and they therefore have a thicker consistency a meane betwixt wine boyled to the third and a julep as an Apozeme betwixt a julep and a syrup for a syrup is not so thick as sapa nor a julep as a syrup nor an Apozeme as a julep for as syrups which because thicker may be kept longer safer so Apozemes and Juleps being thinner may not be kept long and safely for they
that same grade is of twelve grains that which attains the middle sixteen and the beginning twenty grains which is the dosis of such as calefy in the end of the third degree Wherefore when any want a Medicament that califies or frigifies in the end of the first degree he may substitute one that is calld or frigid in the beginning of the second degree he that wants a medicament hot in the end of the second degree may exhibit one that 's hot in the beginning of the third Now since the doses of compounds are deduced from simples according to the deficiency of any simple another may be substituted which is Analogicall to the deficient in the mixtion whereof if the aforesaid Lawes be observed the result in the compound will be no way deficient by substitution CHAP. XVI What Medicaments and when they are rightly substituted LEast our Pharmaceuticall treati should be defective or a patient destitute of praesidy when his auxiliatory Physician prescribes him something that neither the Pharmacopolitans shops nor gardens affoard we will here describe the supplements of such defects which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins Succedanea Substituta or more vulgarly quid pro quo But as we before observed such substitutes should be similar What substitutes ought not to be allowed of iâ—vertue to those whose place they spply and whose vicegerents they are now if such cannot be found then those must be elected which differ in little and respond in many things For its absurd to call those succedaneous Vicegerents which are mdued with opposite not succedaneous and symbolicall qualities and they write without reason who substitute Euphorbium for Agarick Pellitory 〈◊〉 Sorrell and Melliote for a Quince for these have no affinity with each other But when some weaker are substituted in place of better their qualities must be augmented by quantity for quantity reduplicated recompenses the weakness of the quality as on the contrary if the substitute be too valid lesse quantity must be exhibited that thereby its rigour may be diminished Now this should not be done without the advice of some skilfull Doctor which many do not onely despise but themselves prescribe Medicaments to the great damage of their patients but such are for the most part unconstant importunate and talkative knaves who trimly apparelled intrude themselves to the sicks presence and deceive them with fair speeches I speake of that impious rabble who deceive the incautious vulgar but the skilfull and prudent who take nothing rashly but at a Phisicians advice and preception may substitute legitimate Vicegerents in the place of such as want or are decayed Those that without choice and care repose for genuine and good what ever Medicament comes first to their hands will make dangerous Medicaments and substitutions One was wont pleasantly to inculcate that of the Ninivite to such a busy fellow Saepe loco illius quid pono Least therefore any errour be committed in reposition of suppositories we shall here place the substitute in opposition to the deficient You may substitute For Wormwood Origanum or southernwood For Southernwood Origanum For The juice of Acaâ—ia The juice of Cistus or Hypocistis For Bears foot Mallowes For Acorus The root of folefoot or Radix Asari For The true Venus haire The Common For Ameos Anise seed For Amomus Acorus For Gum Amoniack Propolis For Bitter Almonds Persian nuts For Woolfs grease Weasels grease For Harts grease Goats grease For Alum Fossile salt For Althea Mallowes For Arsenick Sublimatum For Rain-water Fountain water For Sea water Saltedwater For Anise Carret For Round Aristolochy Long. For The flower of Fomgranate The rind thereof For Balâ—â—â— Limpid Turpentines For Bâ—rrage Buglosse For Bettony Parsley For Spinach Arache For Butter Oyle For Calamus Arom Squinant For Cardamomum Cyperus For Calamintha Wild mint For Germander Ground pine For Cinamon Common Cassia For Cinabrium Red Lead For Juice of Citron Limmons juice For Daucus Creticus English carret seed For Dates Massilian figgs For Dittany Sage For A Bears tooth A hogs tooth For Diphryx Burned Brasse For Liquorice Raisons For Wallwort Elder For White Hellebore Elaterium For Blacke Hellebore Lapis Lazuli For Epithyme Epithymbrum For Eruca Erisimum For Agrimony Liverwort For Sea holly Oenone For Fenygreek Orobus For Fennell Smallage For Partridge gall Cothurnix gall For Verdigrease Rust For Fumitory Sowthistle For The hulls of Senny Twice as much of its leaves For Myrtle leaves Its berryes For Galangale Acorus For Galbanum Sagapenum For Gentian Tormentill For Liverwort Agrimony For Helecampare Flower deluce For Hysope Savoury For The juice of Cistus Acacia For Jasmins flowers Rormary Flowers For Jujubs Raisons For Sweet rush Cardomomum For Henbane Poppy For Lettice Garden Succory For Sorrell Black Violet For Laureola Misletoe For Lacca Storax For Sciatick Cresses Cretian Cresses For Loadstone The Phrygian stone For Mallowes Arach For Mandrake Poppy For Honey Sugar For Mumy Pissaphaltum For Spicnard Schaenanthum For Nep Wildmint For Nutmeg Cloves For Water-Lilly Lettice For Sheepsgrease Calfes marrow For Oyle Butter For The juice of unripe grapes Juice of Limons For Opium Lettice juice For Opobalsamum Oyle of Cloves For The juice of panax Gum Amoniake For Ryce Wheat meale For White thorn Gooseberry tree For Poppy juice Mandrake juice For Petty spurge Sea Lettice For Parsley Smallage For Plaintain Mouse-eare For Pompholyx Burned brass oar For Walwort Ground pine For Quinquenerve Plantain For Radish-seed Its juice For Rosemary Majoram For Gooseberryes * Berberryes For Rue Tansey For Sagapene Pyne gum For Sage Calaminthe For Elder Wallwort For Cantonicum Southernwood For New wine Sweet wine For Cuttlebone A pumick stone For Sutureia Thyme For Saxifrage Burnet For Houseleek Nightshade For White spike Lavander For Tansey Feverfew For Sowthistle Succory For Cuckow bread Sower dock For Thyme Satureia For Thimelaea Chamelaea For Tamariske Citrarch For Tussilage Lungwort For Garden Valerian Wild For Masculine betony The famale For White Hellebore Turpethum For Black Violet White For Red Wine White For Sweet Cassia Cynamon For Yylobalsum Radix Ligustici For Ginger Pepper For Civet Musck But because it seldom falls out that one can erre twice in a Medicine let junior Apothecaryes diligently beware least they substitute any thing without the Physicians advice if they do otherwise they may exhibite and sell spurious Medicaments for legititimate as I have 1000. times observed in some ignorant fellowes who without discretion substitute any simple which of its self is deficient CHAP. XVII Of Adulterate Medicaments MEns insatiable avarice hath rapt some to that heighth of iniquity that they exhibite Adulterate Medicaments for true and genuine the dignotion whereof is of great moment in making Medicaments and should be a Physicians and an Apothecaryes imployment accurately to learn that to be their patients may exhibited none but good which may conduce to their adjument and sanity not adulterate whose end is perill and languour These I thought meet
astringing and roborating the heart and liver CHAP. V. Of Aloes ALoes is the name both of the juice and of an Herb very usefull in Pharmacy for whether it be internally assumed or externally applyed it produces falutiferous effects And it is a Plant either little or not at all like Scilla as some conjecture for its leaves are crasser fatter longer and broader sharp on both sides jagged bent backward aculeated with blunt pricks pregnant with viscid and tenacious juice and foliated like the greater House-leek It s stalk is a foot high its flowers white and seed like Daffadil its root is single and crass like a stake struck into the earth It grows plentifully in India from whence its juice is brought as also in Arabia and other hot Countryes This Plant will through its tenacious juice live two years and emit new leaves if it be set upon a board but if it be cast on the ground it withers It is by some for its lively nature for it is alwayes green called the Seas Sempervive yet it will soon tabefy if it be not preserved from cold whereof it is very impatient The whole Plant is graveolent and its sapour bitter but especially its juice which out of what part soever it be extracted is very usefull in Medicinal Confections It s liquor concreted and brought to us is of two sorts the one sandy and contaminated with filth which we call Aloe Caballine and use in curing horses and the like the other is coacted like a liver and is thence called Hepatical Aloes or Aloe succotrine or Succo-citrine its powder being of Citrine or Orange colour It is also called by some Socotorine because it comes out of an Island so called The yellow fat clear and friable made up like a liver is the best the black hard sandy and impure is not good It is hot in the first degree dry in the third applyed it condensates astringes exsiccates and glutinates the wounds assumed it opens reserates the passages moves and stimulates the Hemorrhoides roborates the ventricle subduces the belly purges cholerick and phlegmatick humours kills and expells belly-worms takes away obstructions exarceates putretude and preserves bodyes long from corruption CHAP. VI. Of Seeny or Senna AS all the precepts of Pharmacy were not at first put in practice Senna so neither were all Medicaments at first marshall'd under precepts or indeed brought to light for the Antients had no knowledge of that we call Seeny the Persians Abalzemer than which no purgative now more frequent more usual more usefull It is a siliquous Plant brought to us from the Eastern Countryes much like our Collutea but its leaves better resemble the greater Myrtle Flowers of a dusky colour issue out of the hollow betwixt its stalk and stem appended on tenuious pedicles to which succeed little long plain incurvated leaves gravidated with small brown compressed seeds like Gygars Its roots which are long and slender are useless in Pharmacy especially if its stalk be not long-lived which being impatient of cold lives not above four months in the Western Countryes nor in Raly after Autumn There are two sorts hereof one wild whose leaves are lesser rounder and more useless the other domestical whose leaves are larger more acute and usefull Seeny calefies not so much as some think Vires for it is but hot about the end of the first degree or beginning of the second and dry about the end of the second It purges clemently both cholcrick and crass phlegmatick humours it deterges digests and expurges all viseid humours and adust choler from the brain lungs spleen liver ventricle and mesentery and cures all diseases in those parts arising from these humours It is exhibited either in form of powder Lenitivum as when it ingredes the Electuary of* Diabalzemer or Catholicon or infused and decocted as when purgative Syrupus de pomis or laxative Apozemes are made thereof But seeing in concoction it excites gripings and flatuosity it must be mixed either with Anise or Coriander or Fennel seeds to discuss its flatuosity CHAP. VII Of Mechoacan root ACertain crass root cut into short stakes and dryed hath been of late brought us from the Province of Mechoacan and bears the Provinces name This peregrine root is purgative of a pale colour and crass which puts forth many long and imbecil boughs which without fulciments would lay along the ground but being annexed to perches they grow up and with many involutions amplect them like Briony to which its effigies is very similar but its faculties dissident Differentia inter Brioniam Mechoacam for Briony is sharp and hot Mechoacan almost infipid and voyd of all acrimony The leaves of Briony are broad and quinquangular and divided like Vine leaves but more sharp hirsute and white its flowers small white racemous and congregated like Grapes And Mechoacous leaves are ample but withall tenuious sad-green and mucronated onely on one side not angular like Briony Its fruits are many cohering in bunches about the magnitude of Corianders which come to maturity in Autumn The whitish and freshest root is best Some call this root white Rhabarb others American Scammony the Pharmacopolists Mechoacan root That which is very white or black or worm-eaten is naught It is hot in the first degree and dry in the second it purges and that facilely pituitous and watry humours not debilitating like other purgatives but roborating the parts It should be dissolved rather in wine than in other liquors it may be safely adhibited to old men and boyes it conduces very much to such as are infested withan inveterate cough with colick dolour and with the French disease CHAP. VIII Of Agarick MUshromes are either terrestrial which grow out of the earth or arboreous which adhere to the stocks of trees for there 's scarce an inveterate tree but some kinde of campinion adheres thereunto either blackish and rugous as on Oaks and Wallnut trees or crass dure and whitish as on the Beech tree or white full soft and friable as Agarick that is excerped from the Larix tree Which tree is nobilitated with three sorts of excrements as Larix Rosine which is more humid than others and voyd of all acrimony which is by some sold for Turpentine Laxative Manna which is collected from its effracted boughs and branches and Agarick which grows upon its bole when inveterate The coniferous Larix tree is of eximious procerity assurging with a strait stalk incorticated with a crass bark dehiscing with frequent chinks circumvested with many leaves short soft and tenuious like Pine leaves not aculeated but retuse which numerously cohere together in each tubercle Its apples are small almost like them of the Cypress tree That Agarick that seems to be the impostume of the Larix tree is best which is white rare friable at the first sweet to the gust afterwards bitter and styptical Democritus calls it Medicamentum familiae It grows in Galicia and Cilicia but the best
Romans the Ploughes remora because its long and fibrous roots remorate the Oxen in ploughing it is also called Acutella because with hard and acure pricks it punges its attingents it is a most notorious plant growing in the middle or margins of fields especially in fat and glutinous soyles and most vivacious of plants For happening upon an accommodate foyl it propagates much emitting every year new surcles which spread themselves over the vicine land so it be cultivated and fat its furcles are short rigid and spinous coronated with leafes like Rue leafes disposed Garland-wise its heads are circinnared its leafs hirsure and suadveolent its flower like Pease blooms but lesser unicolorate and purpureous It s root calefies and extenuates moving Urine breaking and expelling the stone removing obstructions expelling flours and blood and curing the Jaundice CHAP. XVII Of Eryngium or Sea Holly ERyngium is either marine Species which germinating plenteously in maritimous places puts forth broad and angulous leafs circumsepted with hard pricks or campestrian and vulgar whereof there are many varieties some being called the Spanish Pannonian and Alpine Eryngium besides many spurious names The leafs of the vulgar is sected into many acuminated spinous particles its caul is cubital and ramous in whose summity certain globular heads circumcincted with pricks radiate like Stars out of the middles of which heads so horrid with spines issue caeruleous and sometimes flave flowers its root is crasse and long black extrinsecally white intrinsecally succulent sweet and odorate From the indefinite number of its heads many call it centum-caput the rusticks hare thistle and flying thistle for the whole plant withering is evelled by the force of the winds which rolling up and down the fields eminously represents a running hare they mistake that think this is Secacul for Serapio treats of these two in several Chapters and gives them distinct descriptions The Arabians call Eryngium Astaraticon not Scacul or Scekakul yet their faculties being alike as the learned Writers do assert vulgar Eryngium may well be substituted for ignote secacul Eryngiums root is calefactive it deduces the passages Vires moves Urine and flours expels sand out of the reins and bladder and excites venery CHAP. XVIII Of Common grasse SEeing grasse comprehends all plants which bear leafes Species graminis quot or a segetive Idea it is no wonder if perite Herbalists enumerate fourty six differences thereof Yet of all these the dogge-grasse is onely medicative the rest rather affording aliments for beasts then medicaments for man And as dogge-grasse is unknown to none so is it infensive to all Agricolists who with their hands and rakes purge their corn of it which being very feracious would otherwise surrept all aliment from their wheat or vicine plants for it creeps along with numerous genicusated and vivacious radicls which attract to themselves all the fatnesse of the earth Its leafes are hard as broad as them of a small reed tenuious and acuminated whence women call it needle-grasse and dogs-tooth This grasse liberates the reins and other intrals from obstructions Vires and kills the intestines worms the root is more excellent then any other part of the plant CHAP. XIX Of Liqucrice THe whole plant is denominated from the sweetnesse of the root for Glycyrrhiza which Pharmacopolists call Liquorice denotes a sweet root some call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because retained in the mouth it quenches thirst It s root is long numerous spread along the ground which emits a caul of three Cubits high with leaves like Lentisks dense fatt gluminous and gummeous to the touch with purpureous and somtimes white flowers In the Moneth of July or sooner it beares Cods about the bignesse of Vetches or Cicers Theophrastus C. 3. L. 9. calls it Scythica because the Scythians useing a little Liquorice would tolerate thirst eleaven or twelve dayes Children delight herein for which end they demerge small peices of Liquorice in water in a glasse bottle which when it is flave with Liquorice-juice they drink off and put more water thereunto Spanish-Juice which they agitate for more potions The Cappadocians and Spaniards bring us every yeare Liquorice-Juice condensed into Pastills They say it is temperate as to all qualities but accedes nearer to calour Vires it leniates the asperities of the Artery and Ulcers of the Bladder it helpes the Cough moves expectoration and is very good against all diseases in the Lungs and Breast CHAP. XX. Of Cyclamen or Sowe-Bread VArious and many are the nomenclatures of this Sowe-bread for the Barbarians call it Arthanita the Shopmen Hogs-Bread some the Earth-Corke others the Earth-Aple and some Cissophyllon It growes in shady places under Trees in bryars and thick Woods it flourishes in Autumne it bears Leafes like Ivy which are angular crisped about of a greenly purpureous colour maculated with white spots on both sides There is another sort of Cyclamen which hath broad Leaves but scarcely any whit angular but rather round and obscurely maculated And a third sort also which hath lesser roots more purpureous flowers and more suaveolent which some think is that which Pliny calls Chamaecisson Cyclamen is indued with many eximious qualities for it incides potently opens moves floures expells conception though dead cures the Jaundice expells stones it is efficacious against impostumes emends all spots is averse to Poisons either by potion or application drawes menstruous blood and young ones They say if a woman with Child go over the root of Cyclamen she will become abortive Vires but light conjectures oft beguile the credulous The later writers mention two more different from the former in form and magnitude of leaves as also in colour and inversion of their flowers and besides some flourish in the Spring others in Autumn others in the midle time CHAP. XXI Of Scilla or Sea Onyon THat Scilla 〈◊〉 caepacious and delights in hot sandy and maritimous places and growes spontaneously is unknown to few for it is of late called the Sea Onjon And he that hath anatomized an Onyon and a Scilla hath found no difference in their i◠ernals nor yet in their cores yet in leafe flowers and seed they are much dissident When the leaves of Scilla are marcid its Caule assurges to the height of a Cubit with white flowers issuing out of its midle like strawberry-flowers which from thence pullulate to its very summity short triangular and compressed huskes follow these gravidated with black and full seed The stalk is very long and florid because of the threefold emersion of flowers the first wherof which are like them of Bulbus expand themselves for a long season then the second Garland of flowers performes its course and then the last And it is most remarkeable that the Caule and the Leaves never flourish at once for not till the Caule withers will the leaves erupt nor till the leaves become marcid will the Caule assurge contrary to the nature of
lesser must be selected as better to the confection of Stoechas but the greater may well supply its defect CHAP. XLVI Of Horminum or Clary CLary is either sative Species which delights in cultivated and fat soyl or wild which growes in meadowes and macilent places both are well known they emit from one root many cubital angular and subhirsute Cauls but especially the sative their leafs are broad mucronated and sharp like Horehound their flowers besides their leafs do verticulately circumcinge their surcles their flowers are of a purpureous caerulcous colour sometimes whitish sometimes altogether white erupting out of boxes which dehisceing for maturity look downwards a small long and black seed is included in these the seed of the wild ones is round and brown Horminum and Orvalla have so much affinity with each other that very grave men and perite Herbalists constitute no difference betwixt them but they are without distinction as Matthiolus hath noted Horminum comes from the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it drawes its usurpers to venery Some call it Sage of Rome but Orvall is commonly called All good sometimes Gallitriche by some Cockles center by others Sclarea and by some Scarlea whose four varieties Dodon delivers which here particularly to recenseate would be beyond mine institution Clary is manifestly hot its seed drunk in Wine excites venery Vires takes away the white spot in ones eyes it being demerged in some convenient liquor cructates a certain mucage which wonderfully helps the affections of the eyes the Sylvestrian is more efficacious CHAP. XLVII Of Scordium SCordium is so called from the odour of Allium which it refers it is a surculous plant procumbent on the ground with two leafs issuing out of each genicle which Leafs are long like Germander but greater incided in their circuits soft hirsute and white red flowers erupt out of the wings of the surcles very like the flowers of dead nettle or archangel but lesser that which growes in Crete is not onely laudable but also that which growes in other Regions It is almost miraculous that grave men especially Galen C. 24. L. de Antiq. write of Scordium to wit that those bodies of dead men lying upon the ground without Sepulture which fell upon Scrodium putrified much slower then others and those parts of the carkasses that touched the herb were totally vindicated from putretude wherefore Galen was perswaded that Scordium is averse to the poyson of all reptiles and all noxious medicaments which cause putrefaction it growes copiously in many Fennes beside ditches and other concave and humid places it is found also in many uliginous and fatter Mountains It calefies and siccates Vires preserves from putretude and resists poysons it cures the pestilence and many contagious diseases It is most usefully profitable in a potion against lethall poysons and bitings it purges the intralls and moves flowers and urine CHAP. XLVIII Of Rue RUe is enumerated amongst the graveolent herbs whether it be domestical whereof there is but one sort well known to all or Sylvestrian whereof there are more varieties Rue is a suffrutitious bicubital ramous surculous folious and continually green plant which bears luteous flowers upon whose occase a quadrangular head emerges divided with so many closets and continents as it hath angles wherein is contained that seed which ingredes the composition of the syrrup of Stoechas Rue in Greek is Péganon because its extraordinary dry spirit and calour exsiccate the genital sperme yet it is indued with many other eximious faculties which greatly commend its use Mithridates also set a good estimate upon it who used it in that pcculiar Autidote wherewith he defended himself from many poysons Which he constituted of two hundred Rue Leafs two figs Antidotus Mithrid quibus Constiterit two dry Wallnuts all contrited with a grain of salt The Sylvestrian Rue affords two differences especially the one whereof in leafs odour and effigies is very like the Garden Rue and is called Mountain Rue because it fruitcates on mountains the other being most rare and variously denominated hath exercised many wits in its designation Dioscorides C. 53. L. 3. seems to call it Moly yet in the next Chapter describing Moly he makes its leafs graminous and roots bulbous which can in no wise accord with Rue The Cappadocians have also designed it with this name the Syrians call it Besasan the Arabians Harmel Harmala which name many Shopmen give to common Rue which may rightly be substituted in defect of the true Harmala which is the second sort of Sylvestrian Rue This Harmala emits many caulicles of Nine Inches heighth without any root its leafs are angust small and long its flowers white and quinquefolious its seed is contained in heads like them of the domestick Rue but they are onely triangular it is graveolent it growes in Cappadocia and in many incultivated places in Spain It is hot and dry in the third degree it attenuates incides Vires digests crasse humours and extinguishes Sperm We shall not now treat of Goat-rue improperly so called though we may speak of it in a more proper place CHAP. XLIX Of Litho Sperm or Gromell THis herb is called Lithosperm from the durity of its seed its leafs are like Olive-leafs but longer hispid sharper and of a sad green its surcles are streight slender ligneous sharp and hirsute its flowers white issuing out of the wings of its leafs and depending upon short pedicls A small rotund hard and splendent seed which glisters in the Sun followes upon the occase of its flowers whence it is probable the Shopmen call it Sun-millet There are two sorts thereof Vires which in form and faculties aae alike in magnitude onely dissident besides which two others are found which are either uselesse or not experienced Lithosperm is hot and dry in the second degree it moves urine breaks and expels stones liberates from obstructions opens the passages and helps against Strangury CHAP. L. Of Saxifrage MAny and different plants from their faculty in breaking the stone are called Saxifrages thus Betony by Galen and another ferulaceous herb like Epithyme by Dioscorides Pimpinell also and other Lithontriptical plants are thus nuncupated as also other plants which desume this name not from comminution or contrition of stones in the reins or bladder but from their exortion in rocks as Empetrum or Cristina marin◠which as it were dividing the rocks issues out of their rimes and fruticates there long and vivaciously The vulgar Saxifrage especially the greater is very like Pimpinel its leafs are variously descided and serrated in their circuit its caul is cubital angulous and striated its umbels whitish its seed like Garden smalledge acrimonious and fervent to the gust The lesser differs from the former in little save magnitude Many say that Pimpinel differs from Saxifrage onely in hirsutenesse for Pimpinel is pilous the other smooth and glabre Other two plants are referred to the family of
is more graveolent rigid and rough with short pricles its Come is alwayes green its odour molestfull and its fapour fervid and acrimonious this is alwayes low diffusing it self laterally and sometimes assurging on high if its boughes which circumdate its Caul be praescinded The other is not so horrid not aculeated with any prickles very like Tamarisk not so graveolent as the former it bears subpuniceous and resinous Berries this delights not in frigid soyls but grows copiously and spontaneously in hot places Besides the two former Belonius saith that in Crete and Mysia he saw another sort which was arboreous in magnitude and manner of an Almond-tree whom I had rather believe then go so far to see the truth It is hot and dry in the third degree Vires it educes blood with urine moves flowers and taken in wine or adhibited it excusses the young whether alive or dead CHAP. LXXX Of Rosemary DIoscorides gives the name Libanotis to two very different Plants Species the first he calls foecund frugiferous Libanotis or Rosemary whose leafs are like Fennel spread along the ground and suaveolent whose Caul is cubital or higher concave and capitulated with umbells wherein is contained long and acrimonious seed called Canchrys Of this there are three varieties one whereof is this described the second is very like the former onely its seed is more broad not so mordacious nor acrimonious the third bears neither flower nor seed The other sort is Coronary much dissimilar to the former for it is a lignous shrub having many slender long cauls circumvested with angust and hard leafs whitish below and green above coronated on each side with caeruleously candescent flowers though its odour be grave yet it is not ingrateful but roborates the brain and nerves it is planted in every garden growing spontaneously in the hotter Regions of France it flourishes twice a year in Spring and Autumne It is calefactive Vires cures the Jaundice if its decoction be drunk before exercise and after exercise the diseased ingrede a bath and drink wine it helps against the resolution of the Nerves and stupour and all diseases arising from the frigid humours in the brain CHAP. LXXXI Of Agnus Castus or White Willow THere growes a certain odorate shrub in hot Countreys about the brinks of Rivers torrent Channels and rough places which they call Agnus Castus or white Willow with leafs like Hemp yet not serrated in their ambient long acuminated and cohaering on one pedicle a piece its boughs are long lent not fragile its flowers are subpurpureous verticulately circundating the summities of its surcles its seed is rotund like Cardamome it is called Agnus Castus because its leafs and flowers strewed under one conduces to their Chastity It calefies and siccates notably validly discussing all flatuosity Vires it auxiliates in venenate bitings and affections of the Spleen it moves flowers cohibits the motion of sperm and allayes venereous fancies in the night as well as Rue seed for which cause the Athenian Matrons in their Feasts to Ceres the better to custome their Chastity strewed their beds with its leafs CHAP. LXXXII Of the Ash and Ashton Keyes THe Ash is a tall Tree which the Greeks call Media and Milea not onely used in the fabrication of ligneous vessels but also accommodated to medicinary uses whose bark wood and fruit afford many commodious medicaments it assurges with a very crasse and high Caul involved in a slender and smooth bark with long leafs consisting of many together and adhering to one pedicle like Liquorice or Wallnut leafs Many Cods colligated together upon one pedicle issue out of its slender boughes without any praegession of conspicuous flowers which Cods resembling birds tongues and their Medulla a lingel are called Birds tongues by the Greeks Ornithoglossa The Ancients have noted such an Antipathy betwixt Serpents and this Tree that they had rather run into the fire then creep upon its leafs and boughes if they were circundated with both Its leafs and bark calefie moderately and siccate efficaciously Vires and its seed which we call Ornithoglossum is hot and dry in the second degree Now if this Tree be so averse from Serpents that its very shade abigates them its leafs succe or other parts duly assumed or adhibited must needs produce potent effects upon poysons they are therefore useful for the curation of such affections as participate of any maligne quality and good ingredients to Antidotes its seed is much celebrated for exciting of venery it cures the dolours of the Liver and Spleen proceeding from a cold cause if it be taken in wine CHAP. LXXXIII Of Viscus Quercinus or of Misselto of the Oak THere are three sorts of Misselto one whereof is as they say Collalchrymated our of black Camelaeon Thistle about the rising of the Dogge Starre which according to Pliny Scribonius and Hesichius is venenate and by them named Ixia the second is Malacticall extracted from the berryes to take and hold Birds which is made of Holly-bark elixated sepulted in mud putrifyed brayed and washed in water till the bark be separated and the glew alone remain The third sort is as it were one Plant growing upon another no part of the same the earth brings it not forth nor yet is it produced by sature but fruticates and growes upon an aliene Plant whose leafe-fades not nor vigour failes it growes not onely on one Tree but many very dissimilar as Oakes Apâ—â—e-Trees whether domestick or wild Willowes Poplar and many more These very seldome exceed a cubit in heighth but they extend themselves laterally with many short geniculated ligneous and dilutely green boughs with long broad striated and somewhat flave leafes round white and splended berries grow on their genicles whereon Thrushes Stock-Doves and the like feed in Winter They have no roots unlesse the fibres and boughs of the Viscigerous Trees be their roots It is fabulous that this viscum will not grow unlesse the seed whereof they say it is produced be intermitted through the belly of some Bird. And it is as ridiculous that Athenaeus writes If saith he a Stock-Dove eat the seed of this viscum it will grow upon what ever tree she exonerates her belly for it springs neither from seed nor dung but from the sudour of that Tree whereon it growes but that is best that growes on Oakes It calefies with some acritude and amarity yet it is of that rank of simples which requires some time before it exerts its calefactive quality Vires After application it discusses mollifyes and attracts mixed with Waxe and Rosine it drawes lumps imposthumes and other swellings to maturity and is very good against the Epilepsy CHAP. LXXXIIII Of Poplar THe Poplar Tree is threefold Sone is white the second black the third Lybian or tremulous this last sort growes equally in dry and humid places the other two are onely delighted with wet soyles the first sort hath a crasse
erect boughs and leafes like Vine leafes but much lesse and fruits congested like Grapes small round red and acid The Mauritarians call these red Currans Riben whence our Apothecaryes borrowed their Ribes Botanicks constitute two sorts of this shrub the one bearing red fruit which is better the other black which is not celebrated for medicinall effects there is also a third that beares white and gratefull fruit some of the later writers call the former Ribesium and the other a species of the Gooseberry-Tree so making the berryes of the former red of the later white but they differ much in effigies colour sapour and magnitude For the Gooseberry-Tree is a spinous shrub luxuriating with many slender white and aculeated boughs broad crenated serrated leafes whitish flowers and fruits not racemously cohaerent but depending on long pedicles like berryes they are at first green afterwards white and when mature flave Ribes refrigerate siccate astringe moderately and roborate they extinguish the heat of Feavers represse choller contemperate fervid blood quench thirst arceate putretude help in malign Feavers in the subvertion of the ventricle and dysenteriall affections arising from heat a syrupe is made of their succe most efficacious and usefull for all these ends CHAP. XXIII Of Berberryes BErberryes grow upon spinous shrubs assurging with hard branches of five or six cubits heighth their bark is smooth and whitish their root flave the matter of their wood luteous their leafes numerous rigid acute oblong hard dilutely green crenated and somwhat rough their flowers depending on long pedicles are luteous mossy and splendent their fruits small oblong red and racemously cohaerent this Plant and fruit are called Spina acida or Oxyacantha by the shopmen Berberryes deduced from Avicenna his Amyrberis as Dodonaeus judges who calls this fruit Oxyacantha not Oxacanthum which Amybreris is the fruit of the acute or white spine it is red sweet and rotund they vulgarly call it Senella and Berberryes Spinivineta Berberryes refrigerate and siccate moderately Vires astringe potently cohibite the fluour of blood and other humours allay the heat of the bowells stay vomiting and recreate the intralls CHAP. XXIIII Of Filberds NOthing is better knowen then these Nutts the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or small Nutts Apothecaryes Filberds or Abellines from the Town Abellinum in Campania there they grow copiously some call them Ponticae because they come from Pontus others Praenestinae because the Praenestians useing these tolerate hunger long They are either domesticall or wild the domesticall are either long and reconded in long and herbaceous husks fimbriated about or rounder with a shorter and more patulous husk Those of the long ones are best that are contained in a red membrane the wild are smaller and lesse gratefull growing in Hedges and Woods All of them are gathered of a low Tree called a Hasle whose boughs if young are streight enodose and obsequious leafes broad acuminated and serrated about bark thin root crasse both fruit and Tree are well known Filberds ingrede the confecture of Lohoc de pineis they are sometimes incrustated with Sugar that they may serve instead of junkers and eat more pleasantly they are hard of concoction they are somwhat Bechicall and because of their pleasant sapour may be admixed to pectorall medicaments CHAP. XXV Of Fisticle-Nuts FIsticle-Nutts grow on a Tree like Terebinth whose exteriour tegument is very thin and green the second lignous fragile and whitish like a Nucament the Kernell is greenish dulcoamare and jucund Pliny saith that Vitellius first brought them out of Syria into Italy and Flaccus Pompeius into Spain Their Tree was heretofore exoticall but the sedulity of latter ages hath cicurated it so that it now fruticates in many Septentrionall coasts but its fruit seldome or never attains maturity the Shopmen call them Festici Posidonius Bistacle Nuts most Pistacle Nutts They are hot humid or temperate and salubre Vires they incrassate the tabid flegme coct and expurge the matter contained in the Lungs liberate the bowells from infarctures augment the spesperme excite to venery and auxiliate such as have pain in their reines CHAP. XXVI Of Almonds AN Almond is not so like a Quince-Tree as many write for it is more frondose taller and more lasting vested with a crasser barke more angust longer and crenated leafes it seldome fruticates in the Northern regions and seldomer fructisyes though its flowers are very patient of cold for explicating themselves before Winter be ended they tolerate frost innoxiously and produce Almonds copiously in Autumn which some cognominate Graecian and Thasian Nutts Some of these are amare hotter and lesse esculent others sweet culinary and more delectable both grow on a similar Tree Oyle is extracted out of both out of the amare bitter oyle which they say is good for paine in the eares out of the sweet sweet oyle which is temperate and most gratefull to nature for it may be given successefully to all ages and sexes as to very infants it is a most familiar and secure medicament for such as cough it cocts and expectorates humours delabeing upon the Stomack Two memorable effects are praedicated of bitter Almonds to witt that they kill Wolves and arceate ebriety whereof Plutarch tells a story There was saith he a Physician with Drusius the Son of Tiberius Caesar who being accustomed to eat bitter Almonds would superate all in drinking and never be overtaken with temulency The sweet ones being very pleasant afford many junkets for they are decorticated and set upon the Table or resiccated or incrustated and condited with Sugar or brayed and made into a sweet bread with Sugar and Rosewater called Macharones Vires or else made into a lacteous potion for puerperous women Bitter Almonds are hot and detersive sweet ones are pretty temperate gratefull to the Palate and Almonious CHAP. XXVII Of Wallnuts THe Wallnut is called Nux juglans as if one should say Jovis Glans or rather Juvans for Carpenters seeke to the Trunk of its Tree Dyers to its barke Boyes to its fruit Apothecaryes quaeritate its Medicinall use which Mithridates knew who confected his Antidote of Nutts and a few other additaments as also Galen who made his Diacaryon or Dianutum of their succe with as much honey as might dulcorateit with which medicament he cured a gardener almost suffocated with swellings inflammations and Kernells This Nutt-Tree is very grand with nervous leafes in face and cohaerence like Ash leafes but greater it growes in fields by high wayes in fat and restible ground as also in Gardens but because it affects and kills the vicine segetives and Plants with its odour it is planted about Hedges and Margins of fields according to that of the Poet. Me satane laedam nam satis laedere dicor Jmus in extremo margine fundus habet About Summers solstice its green and tender Nutts are excorticated and infused in water till they demit their amaritude then they are cocted
〈…〉 the best whereof is translucid yellow white within 〈…〉 graveolent and crasse in substance 〈…〉 calefyes in the third degree siccates in the second 〈…〉 crasse Phlegme and other viscid humours as Mesue attests 〈◊〉 puâ—gative faculty is in some very ignave in others potent 〈◊〉 â—â—â—her drunk or used by way of suppository it evokes flowers 〈◊〉 the young cures the dolour and praefocation of the uterus â—â—â—â—ves attenuates dissipates moves and solves CHAP. X. Of Galbanum GAlbanum is also the concrete succe of a Syrian Ferula copiously growing in the Mountain Amanus which succe some â—â—ll Metopium Dioscorides knowing this Gummeous succe better 〈◊〉 the Plant left nothing in writing of its dignotion but as the 〈◊〉 are well known so also are their liquors and succes and 〈◊〉 not only by their consistency but colour odour sapour and â—â—â—tyes for Galbanum in aspect repraesents Asa in odour Opopanax The best is cartilaginous syncere like Gumme Ammoniack not lighous in which there is some ferula seed graveolent not very â—â—â—id nor squalid this as all other Gummes may be easily dissolâ—â—â—d in water Vinegar or Wine It is excalefactive extractive discussive it accelerates flowers deliverance in Child-bearing either by admotion or suffumigatiâ— dissolved with Vinegar and mixed with a little nitre it deleats pimples it discusses boyles and lumps on the junctures Vires it is adâ—â—â—â—d Poysons and drives away Serpents CHAP. XI Of Opopanax THat Opopanax is the succe of Panax both its name demonstrates and Dioscorides affirmes but seeing there are 〈◊〉 sorts of Panax it is not apparent out of which of them it 〈◊〉 Mesue saies it flowes from the ferulaceous Panax Dioscorides 〈◊〉 thâ— Heraclean and some say from the Chironian Panax Dodonâ—us tells us that it distills from a perâ—griâ—â— Panax 〈…〉 the Syrian Panax which hath ample sharpe hirsâ—â—â— long and broad leafes a geniculated and â—erulacâ—ous Caule of 〈…〉 four cubits heighth supernally disterminaâ—ed into many 〈◊〉 with luteous flowers erupting out of ample umbells after which broad plain and subflave seeds do emerge its root is whitâ—â—◠〈◊〉 succulent and odorate a Gummeous succe flowes out of it 〈◊〉 vulnerated especially towards the root in summer which 〈◊〉 and many more call Opopanax which is laudable for many uses as the nomenclature of the Plant from which it flowes demonstrates for Panax or Panaces denotes the abigation of all doâ—â—â—s and the remedy of all diseases hence many Pseudomedicks call some medicaments which are more perilous then the diseases Panaceous remedyes thus did a lying drunken vain salacious Psâ—â—domedick deceive many Country and credulous persons while he lived Opopanax is a kind of Gumme easily dissolvable by water kercaleâ—yes in the third degree siccates in the second mollifyes digests Vires attenuates dissipates flatuosity leniates and expurges that which is very amate white within or somwhat yellow â—aiâ— under â—â—iable easily liquâ—stible and graveolent is good the 〈◊〉 and loft is not good CHAP. XII Of Sarcocolla SArcocolla is both the name of a peregrine Plant and a Gumme flowing out of it it growes in Persia it is fruticous and spinose with nodose boughs appressed to the Tree which sauciated and somtimes spontaneously lacrymates a kind of Frankincense like Powder of a yellowish colour and amare sapour It calefyes in the second degree siccates not so much it cocts deterges carnifyes and glutinates whence it is called Sarcocolla Vires for it heales wounds wonderfully for it doth by a proper faculty expurge them from filth repleate them with flesh and obduce them to a skarre The Arabians say that Sarcocolla doth not only subduce the belly but educe crasse and viscid humours from places much dissited as from the cavityes of the Articles but reason and their effects seem to refragate this it doth indeed with much efficacy conglutinate wounds inhibite the fluxions of the eyes and digest but not so much as Galbanum if it be five dayes macerated in Asses milke in a glasse-vessell and the milk daily changed it will exceedingly help such as have pearls or dimme and clowdy eyes CHAP. XIII Of Gumme of Jvy THe trunk of the greater Ivy vulnerated and somtimes spontaneously elacrymates a certain Gummeous succe of an aureous colour graveolent and sharpe to the gust which they call Ivy-Gumme Now Ivy is a Scansory Tree which circumvests walls and vicine Plants which it kills with its multifarious convolutions and virour Wherof there are two prime kinds the one greater which erects it selfe on high the other lesser which creeps along the ground with slender and obsequious branches neither beareing flower nor fruit There are three varietyes of the greater Ivy one is called white Ivy because it beares white berryes another black that beares black ones and the third barren that beares none which some take for the lesser Ivy. The white beares white berryes and somtimes white leafes emitting certaine branches or capreols out of the midst of its leafs wherewith it so strictly complects the Trees that it kills them by sucking their humour from them or so pertinaceously adhaere to walls that they can scarce be sejoyned for it emitts as many beginnings and rudiments of roots as it doth branches and remaines so vivacious that though intercised in many places yet it tabefyes not The black and more vulgar which they call Dionysia creeps upon Walls and old aedifices and amplects Trees with its radicall fingers its leafes are angulous for at first they are triangular afterwards more rotund hard and nitent with perpetuall viridity its flowers are small berryes at first herbaceous then black adhaereing racemously upon oblong pedicles other haederaceous matters are so notorious as not to need further explication All Ivies are hot and seldome used in medicine except the leafes which are adhibited by way of Sparadrappes to the fonticles left by Causticks that they may alliciate watry and serous humours to those parts Vires its Gum kills Nitts which by its exceeding calour impresses a sense of adustion and denudates the head of haires for it is a good Psyloter SECT VIII Of Rosines CHAP. 1. What Rosine is and of its Varities ROsine by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a lachryma or liquor fat Quid. and oleaginous distilling from a tree often spontaneously and sometimes by vulneration That which emergeth spontaneously is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 All Rosine consisting of an oleous substance and tenuious parts is more promptly dissoluble in oleous and affine liquors and therein dissident from Gumme which consisting of a more aqueous substance is more expeditely and accurately soluble in aqueous liquors If we look to the consistency of Rosines we shall finde them of two sorts the one liquid by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is humid or fluxile as Turpentine the other harder and dryer by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is broiled or rosted