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spare_v the_o middle_n straight_a and_o thrivinge_a shoot_n and_o at_o the_o three_o year_n cut_v he_o also_o 2._o the_o shade_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v esteem_v very_o wholesome_a in_o summer_n and_o the_o leave_v good_a for_o cattle_n which_o must_v be_v strip_v from_o the_o cut_a bough_n before_o they_o be_v faggot_v this_o to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o decrease_n of_o october_n and_o reserve_v in_o bundle_n for_o the_o winter_n fodder_n the_o wood_n of_o white_a poplar_n be_v seek_v of_o the_o sculptor_n and_o they_o see_v both_o sort_n into_o board_n which_o where_o they_o lie_v dry_a continue_v a_o long_a time_n of_o this_o material_a they_o also_o make_v shield_n of_o defence_n in_o sword_n and_o buckler_n day_n dioscorides_n write_v that_o the_o bark_n chop_v small_a and_o sow_v in_o rill_n well_o and_o rich_o manure_v and_o water_v will_v produce_v a_o plentiful_a crop_n of_o mushrum_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o fungi_fw-la which_o spring_n from_o the_o putrid_a 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foot_n in_o the_o ground_n but_o first_o two_o day_n dry_v at_o one_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n and_o then_o mould_v over_o 5._o there_o be_v something_o a_o fine_a sort_n of_o white_a poplar_n abele_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n and_o we_o have_v much_o transport_v out_o of_o holland_n these_o be_v also_o best_o propagate_v of_o slip_n from_o the_o root_n the_o least_o of_o which_o will_v take_v and_o may_v in_o march_n at_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n be_v transplant_v 6._o in_o flanders_n not_o in_o france_n as_o a_o late_a author_n pretend_v they_o have_v large_a nursery_n of_o they_o which_o first_o they_o plant_v at_o one_o foot_n distance_n the_o mould_n light_n and_o moist_a by_o no_o mean_n clayie_a in_o which_o though_o they_o may_v shoot_v up_o tall_a yet_o for_o want_v of_o root_n they_o never_o spread_v for_o as_o i_o say_v they_o must_v be_v inter_v pretty_a deep_a not_o above_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n and_o keep_v clean_o by_o prune_v they_o to_o the_o middle_a shoot_n for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n and_o so_o till_o the_o three_o or_o four_o when_o you_o transplant_v place_v they_o at_o eight_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n interval_n they_o will_v likewise_o grow_v of_o layer_n and_o even_o of_o cut_n in_o very_o moist_a place_n in_o three_o year_n they_o will_v come_v to_o a_o incredible_a altitude_n in_o twelve_o be_v as_o big_a as_o your_o middle_n and_o in_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o arrive_v to_o full_a perfection_n a_o specimen_fw-la of_o this_o advance_v we_o have_v have_v of_o a_o abele_n tree_n at_o zion_n which_o be_v lop_v in_o febr._n 1651_o do_v by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n 52_o produce_v branch_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n wrist_n and_o 17_o foot_n in_o length_n
that_o pierce_v the_o sky_n soft_a linden_n smooth-rind_n beech_n unmarried_a bay_n the_o brittle_a hazel_n ash_n who_o spear_n we_o praise_v unknotty_a fir_n the_o solace_n shade_v planes_n rough_a chessnut_n maple_n fleet_n with_o different_a grain_n stream-bordering_a willow_n lotus_fw-la love_fw-mi take_v tough_a box_n who_o never_o sappy_a spring_n forsake_v the_o slender_a tamarisk_n with_o tree_n that_o bear_v a_o purple_a fig_n nor_o myrtle_n absent_a be_v the_o wanton_a ivy_n wreathe_v in_o amorous_a twine_n vine_n bear_v grape_n and_o elm_n support_v vine_n straight_a service-tree_n tree_n drop_v pitch_n fruit-red_n arbutus_n these_o the_o rest_n accompany_v with_o limber_a palm_n of_o victory_n the_o prize_n and_o upright_a pine_n who_o leaf_n like_o bristle_n rise_v prize_v by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o go_n sandys_n non_fw-la chaonis_fw-la abfuit_fw-la arbour_n non_fw-la nemus_fw-la heliadum_fw-la non_fw-la frondibus_fw-la aesculus_fw-la altis_fw-la nec_fw-la tilâ—ae_fw-la molles_fw-la nec_fw-la fagus_n &_o innuba_fw-la laurus_fw-la et_fw-la coryli_fw-la fragiles_fw-la &_o fraxinus_n utilis_fw-la hastis_fw-la enodisque_a aby_n curvataque_fw-la glandibus_fw-la ilex_fw-la et_fw-la platanus_n genialis_fw-la acerque_fw-la coloribus_fw-la impar_fw-la amnicolaeque_fw-la simul_fw-la salices_n &_o aquatica_fw-la lotos_fw-la perpetuóque_fw-la virens_fw-la buxus_fw-la tenuesque_fw-la myricae_fw-la et_fw-la bicolor_a myrtus_fw-la &_o baccis_fw-la caerula_fw-la ficus_fw-la vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la flexi-pedes_a hederae_fw-la venistis_fw-la &_o unâ—_n pampineae_fw-la vite_n &_o amictae_fw-la vitibus_fw-la vlmi_fw-la ornÃque_fw-la &_o piceae_fw-la pomoque_fw-la onerata_fw-la rubeuti_fw-la arbutus_fw-la &_o lentae_fw-la victoris_fw-la praemia_fw-la palmae_fw-la et_fw-la succincta_fw-la comas_fw-la hâ—rsutaqae_fw-la vertice_fw-la pinus_n grata_n deum_fw-la matri_fw-la etc._n etc._n met._n 10._o as_o the_o incomparable_a poet_n go_v on_o and_o be_v imitate_v by_o our_o divine_a spencer_n where_o he_o bring_v his_o gentle_a knight_n into_o a_o shady_a grove_n praise_v the_o tree_n so_o straight_o and_o high_a the_o sail_a pine_n the_o cedar_n proud_a and_o tall_a the_o vine-prop_n elm_n the_o poplar_n never_o dry_a the_o builder_n oak_n sole_a king_n of_o forest_n all_o the_o aspen_n good_a for_o staff_n the_o cypress_n funeral_n the_o laurel_n meed_n of_o mighty_a conqueror_n and_o poet_n sage_a the_o fir_n that_o weep_v still_o the_o willow_n wear_v of_o forlorn_a paramour_n the_o yew_n obedient_a to_o the_o bender_n will_v the_o birch_n for_o shaft_n the_o sallow_a for_o the_o mill_n the_o myrrh_n sweet_a bleed_v in_o the_o bitter_a wound_n the_o warlike_a beech_n the_o ash_n for_o nothing_o ill_a the_o fruitful_a olive_n and_o the_o platane_n round_o the_o carver_n holm_n the_o maple_n seldom_o inward_a sound_n canto_n 1â—_n and_o in_o this_o symphony_n may_v the_o noble_a tasso_n bear_v likewise_o his_o part_n but_o that_o these_o be_v sufficient_a &_o tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la 37._o for_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o that_o modern_a art_n of_o tapping_n tree_n in_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o doubtless_o some_o excellent_a and_o specific_a medicine_n may_v be_v attain_v as_o from_o the_o birch_n for_o the_o stone_n from_o elm_n and_o elder_a against_o fever_n so_o from_o the_o vine_n the_o oak_n and_o even_o the_o very_a bramble_n etc._n etc._n beside_o the_o wholesome_a and_o pleasant_a drink_n spirit_n etc._n etc._n that_o may_v possible_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o they_o all_o which_o we_o leave_v to_o the_o industrious_a satisfy_v ourselves_o that_o we_o have_v be_v among_o the_o first_o who_o have_v hint_v and_o publish_a the_o way_n of_o perform_v it_o what_o now_o remain_v concern_v only_a some_o general_a precept_n and_o direction_n applicable_a to_o most_o of_o that_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v together_o with_o a_o brief_a of_o what_o far_a law_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o the_o improvement_n and_o preservation_n of_o wood_n and_o which_o have_v dispatch_v shall_v with_o a_o short_a paraenesis_n touch_v the_o present_a order_n and_o dispose_v of_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n for_o the_o future_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o rustic_a discourse_n chap._n xxxii_o aphorism_n or_o certain_a general_a precept_n of_o use_n to_o the_o forego_n chapter_n 1._o try_v all_o sort_n of_o seed_n and_o by_o their_o thrive_a you_o shall_v best_o discern_v what_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a kind_n for_o ground_n quip_n solo_fw-la natura_fw-la subest_fw-la and_o of_o these_o design_n the_o main_a of_o your_o plantation_n 2._o keep_v your_o new_o sow_v seed_n continual_o fresh_a and_o in_o the_o shade_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v till_o they_o peep_v 3._o all_o curious_a seed_n and_o plant_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v weed_v till_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o over-drop_n or_o suppress_v they_o and_o you_o shall_v careful_o haw_o half-dig_a and_o stir_v up_o the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n during_o the_o first_o three_o year_n especial_o in_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a aequinox_n this_o work_n to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o moist_a season_n for_o the_o first_o year_n to_o prevent_v the_o dust_n and_o the_o suffocate_a of_o the_o tender_a bud_n but_o afterward_o in_o the_o more_o dry_a weather_n 4._o plant_n raise_v from_o seed_n shall_v be_v thinned_a where_o they_o come_v up_o too_o thick_a and_o none_o so_o fit_a as_o you_o thus_o draw_v to_o be_v transplant_v into_o hedge-rowe_n especial_o where_o ground_n be_v precious_a 5._o in_o transplant_n omit_v not_o the_o place_n of_o your_o tree_n towards_o their_o accustom_a aspect_n 6._o remove_v the_o soft_a wood_n to_o the_o moiste_v ground_n divisae_fw-la arboribus_fw-la partiae_fw-la 7._o begin_v to_o transplant_v forest-tree_n when_o the_o leave_v fall_v after_o michaelmas_n you_o may_v adventure_v when_o they_o be_v tarnish_v and_o grow_v yellow_a it_o be_v lose_v time_n to_o commence_v late_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o your_o tree_n early_a transplanters_n seldom_o repent_v for_o sometime_o a_o tedious_a band_n of_o frost_n prevent_v the_o whole_a season_n and_o the_o baldness_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v a_o note_n of_o deceit_n for_o some_o oak_n and_o most_o beech_n preserve_v their_o dead_a leaf_n till_o new_a one_o push_v they_o off_o 8._o set_v deep_o in_o the_o light_a ground_n than_o in_o the_o strong_a but_o shallow_a in_o clay_n five_o inch_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o dry_v and_o one_o or_o two_o for_o the_o moist_a provide_v you_o establish_v they_o against_o wind_n 9_o plant_v forth_o in_o warm_a and_o moist_a season_n the_o air_n tranquil_a and_o serene_a the_o wind_n westerly_a but_o never_o while_o it_o actual_o freeze_v rain_n or_o in_o misty_a wether_n for_o it_o mould_v and_o infect_v the_o root_n 10._o what_o you_o gather_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o wood_n plant_v immediate_o for_o their_o root_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o be_v mortify_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o cold_a air_n 11._o tree_n produce_v from_o seed_n must_v have_v the_o tap-root_n abate_v the_o wallnut-tree_n and_o some_o other_o except_v and_o yet_o if_o plant_v mere_o for_o the_o fruit_n some_o affirm_v it_o may_v be_v adventure_v on_o with_o success_n and_o the_o bruise_a part_n cut_v away_o but_o spare_v the_o fibrous_a for_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a feeder_n and_o those_o who_o cleanse_v they_o too_o much_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o mistake_n 12._o in_o spring_n rub_v off_o some_o of_o the_o collateral_a bud_n to_o check_v the_o exuberancy_n of_o sap_n in_o the_o branch_n till_o the_o root_n be_v well_o establish_v 13._o transplant_v no_o more_o than_o you_o well_o fence_v for_o that_o neglect_a tree-culture_a come_v to_o nothing_o therefore_o all_o young_a set_a tree_n shall_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n especial_o the_o east_n and_o north_n till_o their_o root_n be_v fix_v that_o be_v till_o you_o perceive_v they_o shoot_v and_o the_o not_o exact_o observe_v of_o this_o article_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o perish_v of_o the_o most_o tender_a plantation_n for_o it_o be_v the_o invasion_n of_o these_o two_o assailant_n which_o do_v more_o mischief_n to_o our_o new_a set_n and_o less_o hardy_a tree_n than_o the_o most_o severe_a and_o durable_a frost_n of_o a_o whole_a winter_n 14._o the_o proper_a soil_n and_o most_o natural_a apply_v to_o distinct_a species_n nec_fw-la verò_fw-la terrae_fw-la far_o omnes_fw-la omne_fw-la possunt_fw-la yet_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o most_o of_o our_o forest-tree_n grow_v well_o enough_o in_o the_o course_v land_n provide_v there_o be_v a_o competent_a depth_n of_o mould_n for_o albeit_o most_o of_o our_o wild_a plant_n covet_v to_o run_v just_a under_o the_o surface_n yet_o where_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a depth_n to_o cool_v they_o and_o entertain_v the_o moisture_n and_o influence_n they_o be_v neither_o last_a nor_o prosperous_a 15._o wood_n well_o plant_v will_v grow_v in_o moorish_a boggy_a heathy_a and_o the_o stony_a ground_n only_o the_o white_a and_o blue_a clay_n which_o be_v common_o
rind_n of_o this_o beech_n nay_o and_o vessel_n to_o preserve_v wine_n in_o and_o that_o curious_o wrought_v cup_n which_o the_o shepherd_n in_o the_o buchollick_v wager_n with_o all_o be_v engrave_v by_o alcimedon_n upon_o the_o bark_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o a_o happy_a age_n it_o seem_v no_o war_n do_v man_n molest_v when_o only_a beechen-bowle_n be_v in_o request_n nec_fw-la bella_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la faginus_fw-la astabat_fw-la dum_fw-la scyphus_fw-la ante_fw-la dape_fw-la tibul._n of_o the_o thin_a lamina_fw-la or_o scale_n of_o this_o wood_n as_o our_o cutler_n call_v it_o be_v make_v scabard_n for_o sword_n and_o bandbox_n superinduce_v with_o thin_a leather_n or_o paper_n box_n for_o write_n hat-case_n and_o former_o book-covers_a i_o wonder_v we_o can_v split_v it_o ourselves_o but_o send_v into_o other_o country_n for_o such_o trifle_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o these_o tree_n bee_n much_o delight_n to_o hive_n themselves_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o you_o will_v not_o wonder_v to_o hear_v i_o deplore_v the_o so_o frequent_a use_n of_o this_o wood_n if_o you_o do_v consider_v that_o the_o industry_n of_o france_n furnish_v that_o country_n for_o all_o domestic_a utensil_n with_o excellent_a wallnut_n a_o material_a infinite_o preferable_a to_o the_o best_a beech_n which_o be_v indeed_o good_a only_o for_o shade_n and_o for_o fire_n as_o be_v brittle_a and_o exceed_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n where_o it_o lie_v either_o dry_a or_o wet_a and_o dry_a as_o have_v be_v note_v but_o be_v put_v ten_o day_n in_o water_n it_o will_v exceed_o resist_v the_o worm_n ricciolus_n much_o commend_v it_o for_o oar_n and_o some_o say_v that_o the_o vast_a argo_n be_v build_v of_o the_o fagus_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o at_o least_o as_o we_o learn_v out_o of_o apolonius_n this_o will_v admit_v of_o interpretation_n but_o whilst_o we_o thus_o condemn_v the_o timber_n we_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o praise_v the_o mast_n which_o fat_v our_o swine_n and_o deer_n and_o have_v in_o some_o family_n even_o support_v man_n with_o bread_n chios_n endure_v a_o memorable_a siege_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o mast_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n they_o now_o grind_v the_o buck_n in_o mill_n it_o afford_v a_o sweet_a oil_n which_o the_o poor_a people_n eat_v most_o willing_o but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o benefit_n which_o this_o tree_n present_v we_o that_o its_o very_a leaf_n which_o make_v a_o natural_a and_o most_o agreeable_a canopy_n all_o the_o summer_n be_v gather_v about_o â—â—e_z fall_v and_o somewhat_o before_o they_o be_v much_o frostbite_a afford_v the_o best_a and_o easy_a mattrass_n in_o the_o world_n to_o lay_v under_o our_o quilt_n instead_o of_o straw_n because_o beside_o their_o tenderness_n and_o loose_a lie_v together_o they_o continue_v sweet_a for_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n long_o before_o which_o time_n straw_n become_v musty_a and_o hard_a they_o be_v thus_o use_v by_o divers_a person_n of_o quality_n in_o dauphine_n and_o in_o swizzerland_n i_o have_v sometime_o lie_v on_o they_o to_o my_o great_a refreshment_n so_o as_o of_o this_o tree_n it_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v the_o wood_n a_o house_n the_o leave_v a_o bed_n sylva_n domus_fw-la cubilia_fw-la froude_n juvenal_n the_o stagnant_a water_n in_o the_o hollow_a tree_n cure_v the_o most_o obstinate_a tetter_n scab_n and_o scurf_n in_o man_n or_o beast_n foment_v the_o part_n with_o it_o and_o the_o leave_v chew_v be_v wholesome_a for_o the_o gum_n and_o tooth_n for_o which_o the_o very_a bud_n as_o they_o be_v in_o winter_n harden_v and_o dry_v upon_o the_o twigg_n make_v good_a tooth_n picker_n swine_n may_v be_v drive_v to_o mast_n about_o the_o end_n of_o august_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o ash_n ash_n 1._o fraxinus_n the_o ash_n be_v with_o we_o male_a and_o female_a the_o one_o affect_v the_o high_a ground_n the_o other_o the_o plain_n of_o a_o white_a wood_n and_o rise_v many_o time_n to_o a_o prodigious_a stature_n so_o as_o in_o forty_o year_n from_o the_o key_n a_o ash_n have_v be_v sell_v for_o thirty_o pound_n sterling_a and_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o one_o person_n have_v plant_v so_o much_o of_o this_o one_o sort_n of_o timber_n in_o his_o life_n time_n as_o have_v be_v value_v worth_a fifty_o thousand_o pound_n to_o be_v buy_v these_o be_v pretty_a encouragement_n for_o a_o small_a and_o pleasant_a industry_n that_o there_o be_v a_o low_a and_o more_o knotty_a sort_n every_o husbandman_n can_v distinguish_v 2._o the_o key_n be_v gather_v when_o they_o begin_v to_o fall_v which_o be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n and_o the_o ensue_a month_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v but_o not_o altogether_o so_o deep_a as_o your_o former_a mast_n thus_o they_o do_v in_o spain_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v good_a to_o procure_v some_o of_o the_o key_n from_o their_o best_a tree_n a_o very_a narrow_a seminary_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o store_v a_o whole_a country_n they_o will_v lie_v a_o full_a year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o appear_v therefore_o you_o must_v careful_o fence_v they_o all_o that_o time_n and_o have_v patience_n but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o considerable_a wood_n of_o they_o at_o once_o dig_v or_o plough_v a_o parcel_n of_o ground_n as_o you_o will_v prepare_v it_o for_o corn_n and_o with_o the_o corn_n or_o what_o other_o grain_n you_o think_v fit_a sow_v also_o good_a store_n of_o key_n some_o crab-kernel_n etc._n etc._n among_o they_o take_v off_o your_o crop_n of_o corn_n or_o seed_n in_o its_o season_n and_o the_o next_o year_n follow_v it_o will_v be_v cover_v with_o young_a ash_n which_o will_v be_v fit_a either_o to_o stand_v which_o i_o prefer_v or_o be_v transplant_v for_o divers_a year_n after_o and_o these_o you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v far_o better_a than_o any_o you_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n especial_o sucker_n which_o be_v worth_a nothing_o be_v remove_v at_o one_o foot_n stature_n the_o soon_o the_o better_a provide_v you_o 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raise_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o area_n as_o they_o make_v the_o bed_n for_o ordinary_a potherb_n to_o keep_v they_o loose_v and_o warm_a and_o in_o such_o bed_n you_o may_v sow_v seed_n as_o you_o do_v purslane_n mingle_v with_o some_o fine_a earth_n and_o thin_o cover_v and_o then_o for_o a_o fortnight_n strew_v over_o with_o straw_n to_o protect_v they_o both_o from_o sudden_a heat_n and_o from_o bird_n the_o season_n be_v april_n or_o may_n though_o some_o forbear_v even_o till_o july_n and_o august_n and_o in_o the_o second_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o wether_n calm_a and_o serene_a at_o the_o beginning_n keep_v they_o moderate_o fresh_a not_o over_o wet_a and_o clean_o weed_v secure_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o frost_n the_o second_o year_n of_o their_o growth_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n or_o early_a spring_n draw_v they_o gentle_o out_o prune_v the_o root_n and_o dip_v they_o a_o little_a in_o pond-water_n transplant_v they_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n or_o nursery_n it_o be_v best_a range_v they_o in_o drill_v two_o foot_n large_a and_o one_o in_o depth_n each_o rill_n three_o foot_n distance_n and_o each_o plant_v two_o and_o if_o thus_o the_o new_a earth_n be_v somewhat_o low_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o rest_n it_o will_v the_o better_o receive_v the_o rain_n be_v plant_v cut_v they_o all_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n water_v they_o not_o in_o winter_n but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o when_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a and_o then_o do_v it_o in_o the_o morning_n in_o this_o cold_a season_n you_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o cover_v the_o ground_n with_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n straw_n or_o short_a litty_a to_o keep_v they_o warm_a and_o every_o year_n you_o shall_v give_v they_o three_o dress_n or_o half_a digging_n viz._n in_o april_n june_n and_o in_o august_n this_o for_o the_o first_o year_n still_o after_o rain_n the_o second_o spring_n after_o transplant_n purge_v they_o of_o all_o superfluous_a shoot_n and_o stion_n reserve_v only_o the_o most_o towardly_a for_o the_o future_a stem_n this_o to_o be_v do_v yearly_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o nursery_n and_o if_o of_o the_o principal_a stem_n so_o leave_v the_o frost_n mortify_v any_o part_n cut_v it_o off_o and_o continue_v this_o government_n till_o they_o be_v near_o six_o foot_n high_a after_o which_o suffer_v they_o to_o spread_v into_o head_n by_o discreet_o prune_v and_o fashion_v they_o but_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o cattle_n may_v endanger_v they_o the_o stem_n have_v need_n be_v tall_a for_o they_o be_v extreme_o liquorish_a of_o the_o leaf_n 4._o when_o now_o they_o be_v about_o five_o year_n growth_n you_o may_v transplant_v they_o without_o cut_v the_o root_n provide_v you_o irradicate_v they_o with_o care_n only_o trim_v the_o head_n a_o little_a the_o season_n be_v from_o september_n to_o november_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o if_o the_o hole_n or_o pit_n you_o set_v they_o in_o be_v dug_n and_o prepare_v some_o month_n before_o it_o will_v much_o secure_v their_o take_n some_o cast_a horn_n bone_n shell_n etc._n etc._n into_o they_o the_o better_a to_o loosen_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o which_o shall_v be_v rich_a and_o well_o refresh_v all_o summer_n a_o light_n and_o dry_a mould_n be_v best_a well_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n which_o above_o all_o thing_n this_o tree_n affect_v and_o hate_v watery_a low_a ground_n in_o sum_n they_o thrive_v best_a where_o vine_n prosper_v most_o who_o society_n they_o exceed_o cherish_v nor_o do_v they_o less_o delight_n to_o be_v among_o corn_n no_o way_n prejudice_v it_o with_o its_o shade_n the_o distance_n for_o these_o standard_n will_v be_v twenty_o or_o twenty_o four_o foot_n
wet_a sand_n and_o stony_a marsh_n and_o bog_n the_o water-gall_n and_o uliginous_a part_n of_o forest_n that_o hardly_o bear_v any_o grass_n do_v many_o time_n spontaneous_o produce_v it_o in_o abundance_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v high_a or_o low_a and_o nothing_o come_v amiss_o to_o it_o plant_v the_o small_a twig_n or_o sucker_n have_v root_n and_o after_o the_o first_o year_n cut_v they_o within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o surface_n this_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o sprout_v in_o strong_a and_o lusty_a tuft_n fit_a for_o coppse_n and_o spring-wood_n or_o by_o reduce_v they_o to_o one_o stem_n render_v they_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n fit_a for_o the_o turner_n for_o 2._o though_o birch_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o worst_a of_o timber_n yet_o have_v it_o its_o various_a use_n as_o for_o the_o husbandman_n ox-yoke_n also_o for_o hoop_n panier_n broom_n wand_n bavin_n band_n and_o wythe_n for_o faggot_n and_o claim_v a_o memory_n for_o arrow_n bolt_n shaft_n our_o old_a english_a artillery_n also_o for_o dish_n bowl_n ladle_n and_o other_o domestic_a utensil_n in_o the_o good_a old_a day_n of_o more_o simplicity_n yet_o of_o better_a and_o true_a hospitality_n also_o for_o fuel_n great_a and_o small-coal_n which_o last_o be_v make_v by_o char_v the_o slender_a brush_n and_o summity_n of_o the_o twig_n as_o of_o the_o top_n and_o lopping_n m._n howard_n new_a tan_v the_o inner_a silken-bark_n be_v ancient_o use_v for_o writing-table_n even_o before_o the_o invention_n of_o paper_n and_o of_o the_o outward_a thick_a and_o courser_n part_n be_v divers_a house_n in_o russia_n and_o those_o poor_a northern_a tract_n cover_v in_o stead_n of_o slate_n and_o tyle_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o cardan_n that_o some_o birch-root_n be_v so_o very_o extravagant_o rein_a as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_v and_o image_n of_o beast_n bird_n tree_n and_o many_o other_o pretty_a resemblance_n last_o of_o the_o white_a part_n of_o the_o old_a wood_n find_v common_o in_o dote_a birche_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o gallant_n sweet-powder_n and_o of_o the_o quite_o consume_v and_o rot_v such_o as_o we_o find_v reduce_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o red_a earth_n in_o superexannuated_a hollow-tree_n be_v get_v the_o best_a mould_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o divers_a seedling_n of_o the_o rare_a plant_n and_o flower_n to_o say_v nothing_o here_o of_o the_o magisterial_a fasces_fw-la for_o which_o ancient_o the_o gudgel_n be_v use_v by_o the_o lictor_n as_o now_o the_o gentle_a rod_n by_o our_o tyrannical_a paedagogue_n 3._o i_o shall_v here_o add_v the_o use_n of_o the_o water_n too_o have_v i_o full_a permission_n to_o tamper_v with_o all_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o tree_n but_o if_o the_o sovereign_a effect_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o this_o despicable_a tree_n supply_v its_o other_o defect_n which_o make_v some_o judge_n it_o unworthy_a to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o catalogue_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v propagate_v i_o may_v for_o once_o be_v permit_v to_o play_v the_o empiric_n and_o to_o gratify_v our_o laborious_a woodman_n with_o a_o draught_n of_o his_o own_o liquor_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o these_o kind_n of_o secret_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o cultivate_v and_o ingenious_a planter_n will_v by_o all_o mean_n be_v encourage_v to_o make_v more_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o the_o indian_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v do_v on_o their_o palm_n and_o tree_n of_o several_a kind_n to_o their_o great_a emolument_fw-fr the_o mystery_n be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n when_o the_o bud_n begin_v to_o be_v proud_a and_o turgid_a with_o a_o chizel_n and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well_o spread_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n as_o a_o good_a chirurgeon_n will_v make_v his_o orifice_n in_o a_o vein_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_n a_o little_a open_a sir_n hugh_n plat_v give_v a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o gather_n of_o sap_n and_o tapping_n of_o tree_n will_v have_v it_o do_v within_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o first_o rind_n take_v off_o and_o then_o the_o white_a bark_n slit_v overthwart_o no_o far_o then_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n moreover_o that_o this_o wound_n be_v make_v only_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n which_o respect_v the_o south_n west_n or_o between_o those_o quarter_n because_o say_v he_o little_a or_o no_o sap_n rise_v from_o the_o northern_a in_o this_o slit_n by_o the_o help_n of_o your_o knife_n to_o open_v it_o he_o direct_v that_o a_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v insert_v first_o fit_v to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o slit_n from_o which_o the_o sap_n will_v distil_v in_o manner_n of_o filtration_n take_v away_o the_o leaf_n and_o the_o bark_n will_v close_v again_o a_o little_a earth_n be_v clap_v to_o the_o slit_n thus_o the_o knight_n for_o any_o tree_n but_o we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o the_o birch_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v fasten_v therefore_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o such_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a this_o do_v the_o effect_n as_o well_o as_o perforation_n or_o tapping_z out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extil_v a_o limpid_a and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odor_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o which_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v will_v in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n preponderate_a and_o outweigh_v the_o whole_a tree_n itself_o body_n and_o root_n which_o if_o it_o be_v constant_a and_o so_o happen_v likewise_o in_o other_o tree_n be_v not_o only_o stupendous_a but_o a_o experiment_n worthy_a the_o consideration_n of_o our_o profound_a philosopher_n a_o ex_fw-la sola_fw-la aqua_fw-la fiunt_fw-la arbores_n whether_o water_n only_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o vegetable_n and_o consequent_o of_o tree_n for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o we_o know_v of_o no_o tree_n which_o do_v more_o copious_o attract_v be_v it_o that_o so_o much_o celebrate_v spirit_n of_o the_o world_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o form_n of_o water_n as_o some_o or_o a_o certain_a specifique_a liquor_n rich_o impregnate_v with_o this_o balsamical_a property_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o magnes_n in_o this_o simple_a tree_n as_o do_v manifest_o draw_v to_o itself_o some_o occult_a and_o wonderful_a virtue_n be_v notorious_a nor_o be_v it_o conceivable_a indeed_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o efficacy_n of_o that_o liquor_n which_o distil_v from_o the_o bowl_n or_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n near_o to_o the_o root_n where_o sir_n hugh_n will_v celebrate_v the_o incision_n and_o that_o which_o weep_v out_o from_o the_o more_o sublime_a branch_n more_o impregnate_v with_o this_o astral_a virtue_n as_o not_o so_o near_o the_o root_n which_o seem_v to_o attract_v rather_o a_o cruder_n and_o more_o common_a water_n through_o few_o strainer_n and_o neither_o so_o pure_a and_o aërial_a as_o in_o those_o refine_a percolation_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n lofty_a dry_a and_o barren_a consider_v but_o i_o refer_v these_o disquisition_n to_o the_o learned_a especial_o as_o mention_v by_o that_o incomparable_a philosopher_n and_o my_o most_o noble_a friend_n the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n in_o his_o second_o part_n of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n sect._n 1_o essay_n 3d._o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o manna_n del_fw-it corpo_fw-it or_o trunk-manna_n as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o liquor_n from_o the_o bough_n so_o of_o the_o sura_n which_o the_o coco-tree_n afford_v and_o that_o polonian_a secret_a of_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o wallnut-tree_n root_n with_o a_o encouragement_n of_o more_o frequent_a experiment_n to_o educe_v saccharine_n substance_n upon_o these_o occasion_n but_o the_o book_n be_v publish_v so_o long_o since_o this_o discourse_n be_v first_o ready_a i_o have_v only_o here_o the_o liberty_n to_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o one_o of_o the_o best_a entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n 4._o but_o whilst_o this_o second_o edition_n be_v now_o under_o my_o hand_n there_o come_v to_o i_o divers_a paper_n upon_o this_o subject_n experimental_o make_v by_o a_o worthy_a friend_n of_o i_o a_o learned_a and_o most_o industrious_a person_n which_o i_o have_v here_o once_o resolve_v to_o have_v publish_v according_a to_o the_o generous_a liberty_n grant_v i_o for_o so_o do_v but_o understand_v he_o be_v still_o in_o pursuit_n of_o that_o useful_a and_o curious_a secret_n i_o change_v my_o resolution_n into_o a_o earnest_a address_n that_o he_o will_v communicate_v it_o to_o the_o world_n himself_o together_o with_o those_o other_o excellent_a inquiry_n and_o observation_n which_o he_o be_v
for_o which_o celerity_n we_o may_v recommend_v they_o to_o such_o late_a builder_n as_o seat_v their_o house_n in_o naked_a and_o unsheltered_a place_n and_o that_o will_v put_v a_o guise_n of_o antiquity_n upon_o any_o new_a enclosure_n since_o by_o these_o while_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o voyage_n of_o no_o long_a continuance_n his_o house_n and_o land_n may_v be_v so_o cover_v as_o to_o be_v hardly_o know_v at_o his_o return_n but_o as_o they_o thus_o increase_v in_o bulk_n their_o value_n as_o the_o italian_a poplar_n have_v teach_v we_o advance_v likewise_o which_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n be_v annual_o worth_a twelve_o penny_n more_o so_o as_o the_o dutch_a look_n upon_o a_o plantation_n of_o these_o tree_n as_o a_o ample_a portion_n for_o a_o daughter_n and_o none_o of_o the_o least_o effect_n of_o their_o good_a husbandry_n which_o true_o may_v very_o well_o be_v allow_v if_o that_o calculation_n hold_v which_o the_o knight_n have_v assert_v who_o begin_v his_o plantation_n not_o long_o since_o about_o richmond_n that_o 30_o lib._n be_v lay_v out_o in_o these_o plant_n will_v render_v at_o the_o least_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n in_o eighteen_o year_n every_o tree_n afford_v thirty_o plant_n and_o every_o of_o they_o thirty_o more_o after_o each_o seven_o year_n improve_n twelve_o penny_n in_o growth_n till_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o acme_n 7._o the_o black_a poplar_n grow_v rare_o with_o we_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a and_o tall_a tree_n than_o the_o white_a the_o leave_v more_o dark_a and_o not_o so_o ample_a divers_a stately_a one_o of_o these_o i_o remember_v about_o the_o bank_n of_o po_n in_o italy_n which_o river_n be_v the_o old_a eridanus_n so_o celebrate_v by_o the_o poet_n in_o which_o the_o temerarious_a phaeton_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v precipitate_v doubtless_o give_v argument_n to_o that_o fiction_n of_o his_o sad_a sister_n metamorphosis_n into_o these_o tree_n but_o for_o the_o amber_n of_o their_o precious_a tear_n i_o can_v hear_v of_o no_o such_o matter_n while_o pass_v down_o that_o river_n towards_o ferrara_n i_o divert_v myself_o with_o this_o story_n of_o the_o ingenious_a poet._n i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n poplar_n much_o propagate_v in_o germany_n about_o vienna_n and_o in_o bohemia_n of_o which_o some_o tree_n have_v yield_v plank_n of_o a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n 8._o the_o best_a use_n of_o the_o poplar_n and_o abele_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o hospitable_a tree_n for_o any_o thing_n thrive_v under_o their_o shade_n be_v for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n about_o ground_n which_o be_v situate_v low_a and_o near_o the_o water_n till_o come_v to_o be_v very_o old_a they_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v knurry_n and_o out_o of_o proportion_n the_o timber_n be_v incomparable_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o white_a wooden_a vessel_n as_o tray_n bowl_n and_o other_o turner_n ware_n and_o of_o especial_a use_n for_o the_o bellows-maker_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cork_n though_o not_o very_o solid_a yet_o very_o close_o also_o for_o wooden_a heel_n etc._n etc._n vitruvius_n l._n 2._o de_fw-la materia_fw-la caedenda_fw-la reckon_v it_o among_o the_o building_n timber_n quae_fw-la maximè_fw-la in_o aedificiis_fw-la sunt_fw-la idoneae_fw-la likewise_o to_o make_v cart_n because_o it_o be_v exceed_o light_a for_o vine_n and_o hop-prop_n and_o divers_a viminious_a work_n the_o lopping_n in_o january_n be_v for_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o have_v proper_a ground_n may_v with_o ease_n and_o in_o short_a time_n store_n themselves_o for_o a_o considerable_a family_n where_o fuel_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o burn_v untoward_o and_o rather_o moulder_n away_o than_o maintain_v any_o solid_a heat_n of_o the_o twig_n with_o the_o leaf_n on_o be_v make_v broom_n the_o brya_fw-la or_o catkin_n attract_v the_o bee_n as_o do_v also_o the_o leaf_n especial_o of_o the_o black_a more_o tenacious_a of_o the_o melâ—dews_n then_o most_o other_o forest-tree_n the_o oak_n except_v of_o the_o aspen_n our_o woodman_n make_v hoop_n firewood_n and_o coal_n etc._n etc._n the_o juice_n of_o poplar_n leave_v drop_v into_o the_o ear_n assuage_n the_o pain_n and_o the_o bud_n contuse_v and_o mix_v with_o honey_n be_v a_o good_a collyrium_n for_o the_o eye_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o alder._n 1._o alnus_fw-la alder._n the_o alder_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o faithful_a lover_n of_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n and_o those_o most_o despise_v weep_v part_n or_o water-gall_n of_o forest_n crassisque_fw-la paludibus_fw-la alni_fw-la they_o be_v propagate_v of_o truncheon_n and_o will_v come_v of_o seed_n for_o so_o they_o raise_v they_o in_o flanders_n and_o make_v wonderful_a profit_n of_o the_o plantation_n like_o the_o poplar_n or_o of_o root_n which_o i_o prefer_v be_v set_v as_o big_a as_o the_o small_a of_o one_o leg_n and_o in_o length_n about_o two_o foot_n whereof_o one_o will_v be_v plunge_v in_o the_o mud_n this_o profound_a fix_v of_o aquatic_a tree_n be_v to_o preserve_v they_o steady_a and_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o violence_n of_o water_n in_o their_o liquid_a and_o slippery_a foundation_n they_o may_v be_v place_v at_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n distance_n and_o when_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n you_o may_v cut_v they_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o spring_v in_o clump_n and_o to_o shoot_v out_o into_o many_o useful_a pole_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v small_a set_v cut_v they_o not_o till_o they_o be_v arrive_v to_o some_o competent_a bigness_n and_o that_o in_o a_o proper_a season_n which_o be_v for_o all_o the_o aquatics_n not_o till_o winter_n be_v well_o advance_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o pithy_a substance_n therefore_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o before_o that_o period_n aught_o to_o be_v well-grown_a and_o fall_v with_o the_o early_a and_o in_o the_o first_o quarter_n of_o the_o increase_a moon_n that_o so_o the_o successive_a shoot_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o plant_v alder_n after_o the_o jersey_n manner_n and_o as_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o a_o most_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n which_o be_v by_o take_v truncheon_n of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n long_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n and_o to_o bind_v they_o in_o faggot_n and_o place_v the_o end_n of_o they_o in_o water_n till_o towards_o the_o spring_n by_o which_o season_n they_o will_v have_v contract_v a_o swell_a spire_n or_o knurr_n about_o that_o part_n which_o be_v set_v do_v like_o the_o gennet-moil_n apple_n never_o fail_v of_o grow_v and_o strike_v root_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n more_o affect_v to_o wood_n and_o dry_a ground_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o husband_n who_o take_v excessive_a pain_n in_o stub_v up_o their_o alder_n where_o ever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o boggy_a place_n of_o their_o ground_n with_o the_o same_o indignation_n as_o one_o will_v exstirpate_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o weed_n and_o when_o they_o have_v finish_v know_v not_o how_o to_o convert_v their_o best_a land_n to_o more_o profit_n than_o this_o â—eeming_v despicable_a plant_n may_v lead_v they_o to_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v beside_o the_o shadow_n of_o this_o tree_n do_v feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o very_a grass_n which_o grow_v under_o it_o and_o be_v set_v and_o well_o plash_v be_v a_o excellent_a defence_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o river_n so_o as_o i_o wonder_v it_o be_v not_o more_o practise_v about_o the_o thames_n to_o fortify_v and_o prevent_v the_o moulder_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o violent_a weather_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o 3._o you_o may_v cut_v aquatic-tree_n every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o some_o more_o frequent_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o they_o shall_v also_o be_v abate_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o principal_a head_n to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o the_o main_a stock_n and_o beside_o to_o accelerate_v their_o sprout_v in_o set_v the_o truncheon_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o prepare_v they_o a_o little_a after_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o the_o size_n by_o lay_v they_o a_o while_n in_o water_n this_o be_v also_o practicable_a in_o willow_n etc._n etc._n 4._o of_o old_a they_o make_v boat_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o tree_n and_o except_v noah_n ark_n the_o first_o vessel_n we_o read_v of_o be_v make_v of_o this_o wood._n when_o hollow_a alder_n first_o the_o water_n try_v tunc_fw-la alnos_fw-la primum_fw-la fluvii_fw-la sensêre_fw-la cavatas_fw-la georg._n 1._o and_o down_o the_o rapid_a po_n light_a aldar_n glide_v nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o torrentem_fw-la undam_fw-la levis_fw-la innatat_fw-la alnus_fw-la missa_fw-la pado_n 2._o and_o as_o then_o so_o now_o be_v overgrow_v alder_n frequent_o seek_v after_o for_o such_o
building_n as_o lie_v continual_o under_o water_n where_o it_o will_v harden_v like_o a_o very_a stone_n whereas_o be_v keep_v in_o any_o unconstant_a temper_n it_o rot_v immediate_o because_o its_o natural_a humidity_n be_v of_o so_o near_a affinity_n with_o its_o adventitious_a as_o scaliger_n assign_v the_o cause_n vitruvius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o morass_n about_o ravenna_n in_o italy_n be_v pile_v with_o this_o timber_n to_o superstruct_v upon_o and_o high_o commend_v it_o i_o find_v also_o they_o use_v it_o under_o that_o famous_a bridge_n at_o venice_n the_o rialto_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o gran-canal_n bear_v a_o vast_a weight_n 5._o the_o pole_n of_o alder_n be_v as_o useful_a as_o those_o of_o willow_n but_o the_o coal_n far_o exceed_v they_o especial_o for_o gunpowder_n the_o wood_n be_v likewise_o useful_a for_o pile_n pump_n hop-pole_n water-pipe_n trough_n sluice_n small_a tray_n and_o trencher_n wooden-heel_n the_o bark_n be_v precious_a to_o dyer_n and_o some_o tanner_n and_o leather-dresser_n make_v use_v of_o it_o and_o with_o it_o and_o the_o fruit_n in_o stead_n of_o gall_n they_o make_v ink._n the_o fresh_a leave_n alone_o apply_v to_o the_o naked_a sole_n of_o the_o foot_n infinite_o refresh_v the_o surbate_z traveller_n and_o the_o swell_a bunch_n which_o be_v now_o and_o then_o find_v in_o the_o old_a tree_n afford_v the_o inlayer_n piece_n curious_o chamblet_v and_o very_o hard_a etc._n etc._n but_o the_o faggot_n better_o for_o the_o fire_n than_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o ground_n by_o place_v they_o as_o the_o guise_n be_v in_o the_o trench_n which_o old_a rubbish_n of_o flint_n stone_n and_o the_o like_a gross_a material_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v because_o it_o be_v for_o ever_o preserve_v the_o drain_v hollow_a and_o be_v a_o little_a mould_v over_o will_v produce_v good_a grass_n without_o any_o detriment_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a not_o yet_o well_o understand_v and_o will_v merit_v a_o express_a paragraph_n be_v it_o here_o seasonable_a &_o jam_fw-la nos_fw-la inter_fw-la opacas_fw-la musa_fw-la vocat_fw-la salices_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o withy_a sally_n ozier_n and_o willow_n 1._o salix_fw-la wâ—tâ—_n since_o cato_n have_v attribute_v the_o three_o place_n to_o the_o salictum_fw-la prefer_v it_o even_o next_o to_o the_o very_a ortyard_n and_o what_o one_o will_v wonder_v at_o before_o even_o the_o olive_n meadow_n or_o cornfield_n itself_o for_o salictum_fw-la tertio_fw-la loco_fw-la nempe_fw-la post_fw-la vineam_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o that_o we_o find_v it_o so_o easy_o raise_v of_o so_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o my_o discourse_n upon_o they_o especial_o since_o so_o much_o of_o that_o which_o shall_v publish_v concern_v they_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o long_a experience_n of_o a_o most_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a person_n from_o who_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v receive_v many_o of_o these_o hint_n not_o to_o perplex_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o various_a name_n greek_a gallic_n sabinic_n amerine_n vitex_n etc._n etc._n better_o distinguish_v by_o their_o growth_n and_o bark_n and_o by_o latin_a author_n all_o comprehend_v under_o that_o of_o salices_n and_o our_o english_a book_n reckon_v they_o promiscuous_o thus_o the_o common-white_a willow_n the_o black_a and_o the_o hard-black_a the_o rose_n of_o cambridge_n the_o black-withy_a the_o round-long_a sallow_a the_o long_a sallow_a the_o lesser-broad-leaved_a willow_n silver_n sallow_a upright_o broad-willow_n repent_v broad-leafed_a the_o red-stone_n the_o lesser_a willow_n the_o strait-dwarf_n the_o creeper_n the_o black-low-willow_n the_o willow-bay_n and_o the_o osier_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o withy_a 2._o the_o withy_a be_v a_o reasonable_a large_a tree_n and_o fit_a to_o be_v plant_v on_o high_a bank_n because_o they_o extend_v their_o root_n deep_a than_o either_o salley_n or_o willow_n for_o this_o reason_n you_o shall_v plant_v they_o at_o ten_o or_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n and_o though_o they_o grow_v the_o slow_a of_o all_o the_o twiggie_a tree_n yet_o do_v they_o recompense_v it_o with_o the_o large_a crop_n the_o wood_n be_v tough_a and_o the_o twig_n fit_a to_o bind_v strong_o the_o very_a peeling_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v useful_a to_o bind_v arbor-poling_a and_o in_o topiary_a work_n vineyard_n espalier-fruit_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v two_o principal_a sort_n of_o these_o withies_n the_o hoary_a and_o the_o red_a withy_n which_o be_v the_o greek_a tough_a and_o fit_a to_o bind_v while_o the_o twig_n be_v flexible_a and_o tender_a sally_n 3._o sally_n grow_v much_o fast_o if_o they_o be_v plant_v within_o reach_n of_o water_n or_o in_o a_o very_a moorish_a ground_n or_o flat_a plain_a and_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a moisture_n unfit_a for_o arable_a or_o meadow_n for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a improvement_n in_o a_o word_n where_o birch_n and_o alder_n will_v thrive_v before_o you_o plant_v they_o it_o be_v find_v best_a to_o turn_v the_o ground_n with_o a_o spade_n especial_o if_o you_o design_v they_o for_o a_o flat_a we_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o sally_n among_o we_o which_o be_v one_o more_o than_o the_o ancient_n challenge_v who_o name_n only_o the_o black_a and_o white_a which_o be_v their_o nitellina_n the_o vulgar_a which_o prove_v best_a in_o dry_a bank_n and_o the_o hopping-sallye_n which_o require_v a_o moist_a soil_n grow_v with_o incredible_a celerity_n and_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o twig_n red_a the_o leaf_n not_o so_o long_o and_o of_o a_o more_o dusky_a green_a more_o brittle_a whilst_o it_o be_v grow_v in_o twig_n and_o more_o tough_a when_o arrive_v to_o a_o competent_a size_n all_o of_o they_o useful_a for_o the_o thatcher_n 4._o of_o these_o the_o hopping-sallye_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n be_v of_o a_o clear_a terse_a grain_n and_o require_v a_o more_o succulent_a soil_n best_o plant_v a_o foot_n deep_a and_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a above_o ground_n though_o some_o will_v allow_v but_o a_o foot_n for_o then_o every_o branch_n will_v prove_v excellent_a for_o future_a settle_n after_o three_o year_n growth_n be_v crop_v the_o second_o and_o three_o the_o first_o year_n increase_n will_v be_v betwixt_o eight_o and_o twelve_o foot_n long_o general_o the_o three_o year_n growth_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v rake_n and_o pike-stave_n and_o the_o four_o for_o m._n blithes_n trench_a blow_n and_o other_o like_a utensil_n of_o the_o husbandman_n 5._o if_o you_o plant_v they_o at_o full_a height_n as_o some_o do_v at_o four_o year_n growth_n set_v they_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n length_n to_o avoid_v the_o bite_n of_o cattle_n they_o will_v be_v less_o useful_a for_o straight_a staff_n and_o for_o settle_n and_o make_v less_o speed_n in_o their_o growth_n yet_o this_o also_o be_v a_o considerable_a improvement_n 6._o these_o will_v require_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o least_o five_o foot_n distance_n some_o set_v they_o as_o much_o more_o and_o in_o the_o quincunx_fw-la order_n if_o they_o affect_v the_o soil_n the_o leaf_n will_v come_v large_a half_o as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o of_o a_o more_o vivid_v green_a always_o large_a the_o first_o year_n than_o afterward_o some_o plant_v they_o slope_v and_o crosswise_o like_o a_o hedge_n but_o this_o impede_v their_o wonderful_a growth_n and_o though_o pliny_n seem_v to_o commend_v it_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o excorticate_v some_o place_n of_o each_o set_v for_o the_o soon_o production_n of_o shoot_n it_o be_v but_o a_o deceitful_a fence_n neither_o fit_a to_o keep_v out_o swine_n nor_o sheep_n and_o be_v set_v too_o near_o incline_v to_o one_o another_o they_o soon_o destroy_v each_o other_o 7._o the_o worst_a sally_n may_v be_v plant_v so_o near_o yet_o as_o to_o be_v instead_o of_o stake_n in_o a_o hedge_n and_o then_o their_o top_n will_v supply_v their_o dwarfishnesse_n and_o to_o prevent_v hedge-breaker_n many_o do_v thus_o plant_v they_o because_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v pull_v up_o after_o once_o they_o have_v strike_v root_n 8._o if_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v their_o top_n five_o or_o six_o year_n their_o palm_n will_v be_v very_o ample_a and_o yield_v the_o first_o and_o most_o plentiful_a relief_n to_o bee_n even_o before_o our_o apricot_n blossom_n the_o hopping-sallys_a open_a and_o yield_v their_o palm_n before_o other_o sally_n and_o when_o they_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v about_o the_o exit_z of_o may_n or_o sometime_o june_n the_o palm_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d frugiperdae_fw-la as_o homer_n term_v they_o for_o their_o extreme_a levity_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o full_a of_o a_o fine_a lanuginous_a cotton_n a_o poor_a body_n may_v in_o a_o hour_n space_n gather_v a_o pound_n or_o two_o of_o
by_o nature_n almost_o eternal_a 15._o thus_o i_o read_v that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n at_o utica_n there_o be_v find_v timber_n of_o near_a two_o thousand_o year_n old_a and_o in_o sagunti_n of_o spain_n a_o beam_n in_o a_o certain_a oratory_n consecrate_v to_o diana_n which_o have_v be_v bring_v from_o zant_n two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n 16._o and_o here_o i_o can_v omit_v my_o wish_n that_o since_o this_o precious_a material_n may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o tolerable_a rate_n as_o certain_o it_o may_v from_o cape_n florida_n the_o bermuda_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o west_n india_n i_o say_v i_o can_v but_o suggest_v that_o our_o more_o wealthy_a citizen_n of_o london_n now_o building_n may_v be_v encourage_v to_o use_v of_o it_o in_o their_o shop_n at_o least_o for_o shelf_n comptoires_n chest_n table_n wainscot_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o moderate_a expense_n especial_o in_o some_o small_a proportion_n and_o in_o faneering_n as_o they_o term_v it_o and_o moulding_n since_o beside_o the_o everlastingness_n of_o the_o wood_n not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o worm_n and_o which_o will_v also_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v cloth_n and_o other_o ware_n from_o moth_n and_o corruption_n it_o will_v likewise_o be_v a_o cure_n to_o reform_v the_o malignity_n and_o corrosivenesse_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o preserve_v the_o whole_a city_n as_o if_o it_o stand_v among_o the_o spice_n of_o the_o happy_a arabia_n or_o the_o prospect_n of_o mount_n libanus_n note_v that_o the_o cedar_n be_v of_o so_o dry_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o will_v not_o well_o endure_v to_o be_v fasten_v with_o nail_n from_o which_o it_o usual_o shrink_v and_o therefore_o pinn_v of_o the_o same_o wood_n be_v better_o 17._o the_o sittim_n mention_v in_o holy_a writ_n be_v believe_v to_o have_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o cedar_n of_o which_o the_o most_o precious_a utensil_n be_v form_v so_o that_o when_o they_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v 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shall_v seem_v they_o be_v since_o transplant_v thither_o for_o he_o affirm_v there_o be_v none_o either_o there_o or_o in_o italy_n in_o his_o time_n but_o i_o exceed_o wonder_v that_o carolus_n stephanus_n and_o crusius_n shall_v write_v so_o peremptory_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o italy_n where_o i_o myself_o have_v travel_v through_o vast_a wood_n of_o they_o about_o pisa_n aquin_n and_o in_o divers_a tract_n between_o rome_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o spanish_a cork_n be_v a_o species_n of_o the_o enzina_fw-la differ_v chief_o in_o the_o leaf_n which_o be_v not_o so_o prickly_a and_o in_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v frequent_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n thick_a the_o manner_n of_o decortication_n whereof_o be_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o strip_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a season_n otherwise_o the_o intercutaneous_a moisture_n endanger_v the_o tree_n when_o the_o bark_n be_v off_o they_o unwarp_n it_o before_o the_o fire_n and_o press_v it_o even_o and_o that_o with_o weight_n upon_o the_o convex_a part_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v be_v cold_a 2._o the_o use_n of_o cork_n be_v well_o know_v among_o we_o both_o at_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o its_o resist_v both_o water_n and_o air_n the_o fisherman_n who_o deal_v in_o net_n and_o all_o who_o deal_n with_o liquor_n can_v be_v without_o it_o ancient_a person_n prefer_v it_o before_o leather_n for_o the_o sole_n of_o their_o shoe_n be_v light_n dry_a and_o resist_a moisture_n whence_o the_o german_n name_v it_o pantoffel-holt_n slipper-wood_n perhaps_o from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o i_o find_v it_o first_o apply_v to_o that_o purpose_n by_o the_o grecian_a lady_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v light-footed_a i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o epithet_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o that_o sex_n but_o from_o they_o its_o likely_a the_o venetian_a dame_n take_v it_o up_o for_o their_o monstrous_a chopine_n affect_v or_o usurp_v a_o 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they_o be_v in_o great_a abundance_n why_o shall_v we_o not_o more_o general_o endeavour_v to_o propagate_v the_o ilex_fw-la among_o we_o i_o mean_v that_o baccifera_fw-la which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v the_o enzina_fw-la and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v such_o wood_n and_o profitable_a plantation_n they_o be_v a_o hardy_a sort_n of_o tree_n and_o familiar_o raise_v from_o the_o acorn_n if_o we_o can_v have_v they_o sound_v and_o well_o put_v up_o in_o earth_n or_o sand_n as_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n 5._o the_o wood_n of_o these_o ilex_n be_v serviceable_a for_o many_o use_n as_o stock_n of_o tool_n mallet-head_n mall-ball_n chair_n axeltrees_n wedge_n beetle_n pin_n and_o above_o all_o for_o palisado_n use_v in_o fortification_n beside_o it_o afford_v so_o good_a fuel_n that_o it_o supply_v all_o spain_n almost_o with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o last_a of_o charcoal_n in_o vast_a abundance_n of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v make_v the_o paynten_a lac_n extract_v from_o 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14._o i_o have_v already_o show_v how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v of_o the_o berry_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n bear_v they_o yellow_a when_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o drop_v this_o only_o omit_v that_o they_o will_v first_o be_v free_v from_o their_o tenacious_a and_o glutinous_a mucilage_n by_o be_v wash_v and_o a_o little_a bruise_v then_o dry_v with_o a_o cloth_n or_o else_o bury_v they_o as_o you_o do_v hip_n and_o let_v our_o forester_n receive_v this_o for_o no_o common_a secret_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o effect_n remove_v they_o also_o after_o three_o or_o four_o year_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v the_o set_v which_o be_v likewise_o a_o commendable_a way_n and_o the_o wood_n will_v furnish_v enough_o place_v they_o northwards_o as_o they_o do_v quick_a of_o this_o might_n there_o live_a pale_n and_o enclosure_n be_v make_v such_o as_o the_o right_n honourable_a my_o lord_n dacres_n somewhere_o in_o sussex_n have_v a_o park_n almost_o environ_v with_o able_a to_o 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mill-wright_n turner_n and_o engraver_n prefer_v it_o to_o any_o other_o it_o make_v the_o best_a handle_n and_o stock_n for_o tool_n flail_n riding-rod_n the_o best_a and_o carter_n whip_n bowl_n shivers_n and_o pin_n for_o block_n also_o it_o excel_v for_o dore-bar_n and_o bolt_n and_o as_o of_o the_o elm_n so_o of_o this_o especial_o they_o make_v even_o hinge_n and_o hook_n to_o serve_v instead_o of_o iron_n and_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v compose_v our_o birdlime_n 18._o pill_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o bark_n about_o midsummer_n fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o it_o and_o put_v to_o it_o spring-water_n then_o boil_v it_o till_o the_o grey_a and_o white_a bark_n rise_v from_o the_o green_a which_o will_v require_v near_o 12_o hour_n boil_v then_o take_v it_o off_o the_o fire_n separate_z the_o bark_n the_o water_n first_o well_o drain_v from_o it_o then_o lay_v the_o green_a bark_n on_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o cool_a vault_n or_o cellar_n cover_v it_o with_o any_o sort_n of_o green_a and_o rank_a weed_n such_o as_o dock_n thistle_n hemlock_n etc._n etc._n to_o a_o good_a thickness_n thus_o let_v it_o continue_v near_o a_o fortnight_n by_o which_o time_n it_o will_v become_v a_o perfect_a mucilage_n then_o pound_n it_o all_o exceed_o in_o a_o stone_n mortar_n till_o it_o be_v a_o tough_a past_a and_o so_o very_o fine_a as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n be_v discernible_a this_o do_v wash_v it_o accurate_o well_o in_o some_o run_a stream_n of_o water_n as_o long_o as_o you_o perceive_v the_o least_o ordure_n or_o mote_n in_o it_o and_o so_o reserve_v it_o in_o some_o earthen_a pot_n to_o purge_v and_o ferment_n scume_v it_o as_o often_o as_o any_o thing_n arise_v for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o when_o no_o more_o filth_n come_v change_v it_o into_o a_o fresh_a vessel_n of_o earth_n and_o reserve_v it_o for_o use_n thus_o take_v what_o quantity_n you_o please_v of_o it_o and_o in_o a_o earthen_a pipkin_n add_v a_o three_o part_n of_o capon_n or_o goose-grease_n to_o it_o well_o clarify_v or_o oil_n of_o walnut_n which_o be_v better_o incorporate_v these_o on_o a_o gentle_a fire_n continual_o stir_v it_o till_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o thus_o your_o composition_n be_v finish_v but_o to_o prevent_v frost_n which_o in_o severe_a weather_n will_v sometime_o invade_v it_o on_o the_o rod_n take_v a_o quarter_n of_o as_o much_o oil_n of_o petrolium_fw-la as_o you_o do_v of_o grease_n and_o no_o cold_a whatever_o will_v congeal_v it_o the_o italian_n make_v their_o vischio_n of_o the_o berry_n of_o the_o misselto_n of_o tree_n treat_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o then_o they_o mix_v it_o with_o nut-oyle_n a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n of_o lime_n and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n add_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o terpentine_n which_o qualify_v it_o also_o for_o the_o water_n great_a quantity_n of_o birdlime_n be_v bring_v to_o we_o out_o of_o turkey_n and_o from_o damascus_n which_o some_o conceive_v to_o be_v make_v of_o 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much_o tall_a and_o more_o fit_a for_o improvement_n the_o wood_n be_v yellow_a and_o sweet_a as_o cedar_n whereof_o it_o be_v account_v a_o spurious_a kind_n 20._o i_o have_v raise_v they_o abundant_o of_o their_o seed_n neither_o water_v nor_o dung_v the_o soil_n which_o in_o two_o month_n will_v peep_v and_o be_v govern_v like_o the_o cypress_n apt_a for_o all_o the_o employment_n of_o that_o beautiful_a tree_n to_o make_v it_o grow_v tall_a prune_n and_o cleanse_v it_o to_o the_o very_a stem_n the_o male_a best_o the_o discreet_a loosen_a of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o root_n also_o make_v it_o strange_o to_o prevent_v your_o expectation_n by_o sudden_o spread_v into_o a_o bush_n fit_a for_o a_o thousand_o pretty_a employment_n for_o come_v to_o be_v
thirteen_o foot_n diameter_n at_o the_o kerf_n or_o cut_v place_n near_o the_o root_n in_o the_o same_o park_n two_o year_n since_o mr._n sittwell_n with_o jo._n magson_n do_v choose_v a_o tree_n which_o after_o it_o be_v cut_v and_o say_v aside_o flat_a upon_o a_o level_a ground_n sam._n staniforth_n a_o keeper_n and_o ed._n morphy_n both_o on_o horseback_n can_v not_o see_v over_o the_o tree_n one_o another_o hat-crown_n this_o tree_n be_v afterward_o sell_v for_o 20_o li._n in_o the_o same_o park_n near_o the_o old_a ford_n be_v a_o oak-tree_n yet_o stand_v of_o ten_o yard_n circumference_n halton_n in_o the_o same_o park_n below_o the_o conduit_n plain_a be_v a_o oak-tree_n which_o bear_v a_o top_n who_o bough_n shoot_v from_o the_o boal_n some_o fifteen_o and_o some_o sixteen_o yard_n then_o admit_v 15½_n yard_n for_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a extent_n of_o the_o bough_n from_o the_o boal_n which_o be_v double_v be_v 31_o yard_n and_o if_o it_o be_v imagine_v for_o a_o diameter_n 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this_o case_n admit_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o that_o circumference_n will_v be_v 676_o ferè_fw-la and_o then_o allow_v three_o yard_n as_o before_o for_o a_o beast_n leave_v 225_o beast_n which_o may_v possible_o stand_v under_o this_o tree_n but_o the_o lords-oak_n that_o stand_v in_o rivelin_n be_v in_o diameter_n three_o yard_n and_o twenty_o eight_o inch_n and_o exceed_v this_o in_o circumference_n three_o foot_n at_o one_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n shire-oak_n shire-oak_n be_v a_o tree_n stand_v in_o the_o ground_n late_a sir_n tho._n hewet_v homeâ—_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o worksopp-park_n which_o drop_v into_o three_o shire_n viz._n york_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o bough-end_n to_o bough-end_n be_v ninety_o foot_n or_o thirty_o yard_n this_o circumference_n will_v contain_v near_o 707_o square_a yard_n sufficient_a to_o shade_v 235_o horse_n thus_o far_o the_o accurate_a mr._n halton_n 18._o be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n of_o credit_n that_o a_o oak_n in_o sheffield-park_n call_v the_o ladies-oak_n fell_v contain_v forty_o two_o tun_n of_o timber_n which_o have_v arm_n that_o hold_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n square_a for_o ten_o yard_n in_o length_n the_o body_n six_o foot_n of_o clear_a timber_n that_o in_o the_o same_o park_n one_o may_v have_v choose_v above_o 1000_o tree_n worth_a above_o 6000_o li._n another_o 1000_o worth_n 4000_o li._n &_o sic_fw-la de_fw-la caeteris_fw-la to_o this_o m._n halton_n reply_v that_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o lords-oak_n already_o mention_v to_o have_v grow_v in_o rivelin_n for_o now_o rivelin_n itself_o be_v total_o destitute_a of_o that_o issue_n she_o once_o may_v have_v glory_v in_o of_o oak_n there_o be_v only_o the_o hall-park_n adjoin_v which_o keep_v up_o with_o its_o number_n of_o oak_n and_o as_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o 1000_o tree_n former_o in_o sheffield-park_n worth_a 6000_o li._n it_o be_v believe_v there_o be_v a_o thousand_o much_o above_o that_o value_n since_o in_o what_o be_v now_o enclose_v it_o be_v evident_a touch_v 100_o worth_n a_o thousand_o pound_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o a_o oak_n i_o think_v in_o shropshire_n grow_v late_o in_o a_o coppse_n of_o my_o lord_n cravens_n yield_v 19_o tun_n and_o half_a of_o timber_n 2d_o cord_n of_o firewood_n 2_o load_n of_o brush_n and_o 2_o load_n of_o bark_n and_o my_o worthy_a friend_n leonard_n pinckney_n esq_n late_o first_o clerk_n of_o his_o majesty_n kitchen_n from_o who_o i_o receive_v the_o first_o hint_n of_o many_o of_o these_o particular_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o one_o john_n garland_n build_v a_o very_a handsome_a barn_n contain_v five_o bays_n with_o pan_n post_n beam_n spars_n etc._n etc._n of_o one_o sole_a tree_n grow_v in_o worksopp-park_n i_o will_v close_v this_o with_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o great_o value_v because_o it_o be_v transmit_v to_o i_o from_o that_o honourable_a and_o noble_a person_n sir_n ed._n harley_n i_o be_o say_v he_o assure_v by_o a_o inquisition_n take_v about_o 300_o year_n since_o that_o a_o park_n of_o i_o and_o some_o adjacent_a wood_n have_v not_o then_o a_o tree_n capable_a to_o bear_v acorn_n yet_o that_o very_a park_n i_o have_v see_v full_a of_o great_a oak_n and_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o extreme_a wane_n of_o decay_n the_o trunk_n of_o one_o of_o these_o oak_n afford_v so_o much_o timber_n as_o upon_o the_o place_n will_v have_v yield_v 15_o li._n and_o do_v complete_o seat_n with_o waine-scot_n pues_z a_o whole_a church_n you_o may_v please_v say_v he_o write_v to_o sir_n rob._n morray_n to_o remember_v when_o you_o be_v here_o you_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o large_a tree_n new_o fall_v when_o it_o be_v wrought_v up_o it_o prove_v very_o
of_o this_o we_o will_v therefore_o gratify_v our_o reader_n with_o some_o no_o inconsiderable_a secret_n but_o first_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o a_o few_o plain_a direction_n for_o such_o person_n and_o country_n gentleman_n as_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o or_o unhandsome_o impose_v upon_o by_o common_a painter_n may_v be_v desirous_a to_o know_v how_o to_o stop_v prime_n and_o paint_v their_o timber-work_n at_o home_n and_o save_v the_o expense_n of_o work_n by_o any_o of_o their_o servant_n endue_v with_o a_o ordinary_a capacity_n putty_n to_o stop_v the_o chap_n and_o crack_n of_o wrought_a timber_n be_v make_v of_o white_a and_o red-lead_a and_o some_o spannish-white_a not_o much_o temper_v and_o bruise_v with_o so_o much_o lin-seed_n oil_n as_o will_v bring_v it_o to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o past_a then_o your_o first_o prime_a shall_v be_v of_o oaker_n and_o spanish-white_a very_o thin_o ground_n the_o second_o with_o the_o same_o a_o little_o white_a but_o it_o matter_n not_o much_o the_o three_o and_o last_o with_o white-lead_a alone_a some_o mingle_v a_o little_a spanish-white_a with_o it_o but_o it_o be_v better_a omit_v if_o you_o desire_v it_o exquisite_a instead_o of_o lin-seed-oyl_n use_v that_o of_o walnut_n but_o the_o ordinary_a stone-colour_n for_o gross_a work_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n may_v be_v of_o less_o expense_n with_o the_o more_o ordinary_a oil_n to_o which_o you_o may_v add_v a_o little_a char-coal_n in_o the_o grind_n blue_n be_v make_v of_o indigo_n with_o a_o small_a addition_n of_o red-lead_a or_o verdigreese_v for_o a_o dry_a unless_o you_o will_v use_v drying-oyl_n which_o be_v much_o preferable_a and_o be_v make_v of_o lin-seed_n oil_n boil_v with_o a_o little_a umber_n bruise_v small_a i_o speak_v nothing_o here_o of_o smalt_n and_o byce_n which_o be_v only_o do_v by_o strew_v green_n with_o verdigreece_n ground_n with_o lin-seed_n oil_n pretty_a thick_a and_o then_o temper_v with_o joiner_n varnish_n in_o a_o glaze_v pot_n of_o earth_n the_o best_a to_o preserve_v your_o colour_n in_o till_o it_o run_v somewhat_o thin_a and_o just_o touch_v it_o with_o your_o brush_n when_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o have_v prime_v it_o the_o second_o time_n with_o white_a note_v that_o every_o primer_n must_v be_v dry_a before_o you_o go_v it_o over_o again_o if_o you_o will_v re-vaile_n as_o they_o term_v it_o and_o shadow_n or_o vein_n your_o stone-colour_n there_o be_v a_o colour_n call_v shadowing-black_a or_o you_o may_v now_o and_o then_o light_o touch_v it_o with_o a_o little_a red-lead_a or_o work_n with_o umber_n it_o will_v also_o behoove_v you_o to_o have_v a_o good_a smooth_a slat_n and_o a_o pibble_n muller_n well_o polish_a which_o may_v be_v buy_v at_o london_n as_o likewise_o a_o dozen_o of_o large_a and_o lesser_a brush_n and_o glaze_v pot_n and_o to_o grind_v the_o colour_n perfect_o well_o the_o spanish-white_a require_v little_a labour_n the_o shadow_v black_a none_o at_o all_o when_o you_o have_v finish_v wash_v your_o brush_n with_o warm-water_n and_o a_o little_a soap_n preserve_v your_o oil_n in_o bladder_n and_o what_o colour_v you_o leave_v plunge_v the_o pot_n into_o fair_a water_n so_o as_o they_o may_v stand_v a_o little_a cover_v in_o it_o which_o will_v keep_v they_o from_o grow_v dry_a till_o you_o have_v occasion_n for_o they_o that_o you_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o charge_n and_o price_n of_o the_o ingredient_n which_o seldom_o vary_v clear_a and_o sweet_a lin-seed_n oil_n be_v usual_o have_v for_o 4_o s._n per_fw-la gallon_n spruce-oak_a of_o all_o sort_n to_o prime_n with_o 3_o s._n per_fw-la pound_n spanish_n white_a for_o half_a a_o penny_n white-lead_a 3_o d._n per_fw-la pound_n vert-de-greece_n clean_a and_o bright_a 3_o s._n per_fw-la pound_n black_a to_o shadow_v with_o exceed_o cheap_a joiner_n varnish_n 6_o d._n per_fw-la pound_n so_o as_o for_o far_a direction_n of_o white-lead_a six_o pound_n span._n white_a six_o pound_n spruce-oker_n three_o pound_n vert-de-greece_n half_a a_o pound_n varnish_n one_o pound_n shadowing-black_a half_n a_o pound_n etc._n etc._n will_v serve_v one_o for_o a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o work_n and_o easy_o inform_v what_o quantity_n you_o shall_v provide_v for_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a occasion_n we_o will_v next_o impart_v a_o receipt_n for_o a_o cheap_a black-dye_a such_o yet_o as_o no_o wether_n will_v fetch_v out_o and_o that_o may_v be_v of_o use_n both_o within_o and_o without_o door_n upon_o wainscot_n or_o any_o fine_a timber_n as_o i_o once_o apply_v it_o to_o a_o coach_n with_o perfect_a success_n take_v of_o gall_n gross_o contuse_v in_o a_o stone_n mortar_n one_o pound_n boil_v they_o in_o three_o quart_n of_o white-wine_n vinegar_n to_o the_o diminution_n of_o one_o part_n two_o remain_v with_o this_o rub_v the_o wood_n twice_o over_o then_o take_v of_o the_o silk_n dyer_n black_a liquid_a cheap_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v have_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n mix_v it_o at_o discretion_n with_o lamp-black_a and_o aquavitae_n sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o thin_a enough_o to_o pass_v a_o strainer_n with_o this_o die_v over_o your_o work_n again_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v stain_v or_o spot_v with_o dirt_n etc._n etc._n rub_v it_o only_o with_o a_o wollen-cloth_n dip_v in_o oil_n it_o will_v not_o only_o recover_v but_o present_v you_o with_o a_o very_a fair_a and_o noble_a polish_v there_o be_v a_o black_a which_o joiner_n use_n to_o thing_fw-mi their_o pear-tree_n with_o and_o make_v it_o resemble_v ebony_n and_o likewise_o fir_n and_o other_o wood_n for_o cabinet_n picture-frames_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v this_o take_v log-wood_n q._n s._n boil_v it_o in_o ordinary_a lie_n and_o with_o this_o paint_v they_o over_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a work_v it_o over_o a_o second_o time_n with_o lamp-black_a and_o strong_a size_n that_o also_o dry_a rub_v off_o the_o dusty_a sootiness_n adhere_v to_o it_o with_o a_o soft_a brush_n or_o cloth_n then_o melt_v some_o bees-wax_n mix_v it_o with_o your_o lamp-black_a and_o size_n and_o when_o this_o be_v cold_a make_v it_o up_o into_o a_o ball_n and_o rub_v over_o your_o former_a black_a last_o with_o a_o polish_n brush_n make_v of_o short_a stiff_a boar_n bristle_n and_o fasten_v with_o wyre_n labour_v it_o till_o the_o lustre_n be_v to_o your_o like_n but_o the_o black_a putty_n wherewith_o they_o stop_v and_o fill_v up_o crack_n and_o fissure_v in_o ebony_n and_o other_o fine_a wood_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o pure_a rosin_n bees-wax_n and_o lamp-black_a this_o they_o heat_n and_o drop_v into_o the_o cranny_n then_o with_o a_o hot-iron_n glaze_v it_o over_o and_o be_v cold_a scrape_v it_o even_o with_o a_o sharp_a chisel_n and_o after_o all_o polish_v it_o with_o a_o brush_n of_o bent_n a_o wollen-cloth_n felt_n and_o a_o hogs-hair_n rubber_n also_o mastic_n alone_o mingle_v with_o a_o proper_a colour_n be_v of_o no_o less_o effect_n 35._o we_o conclude_v all_o with_o that_o incomparable_a secret_n of_o the_o japon_n or_o china-vernishes_a which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v reserve_v so_o choice_o among_o the_o virtuoso_n with_o which_o i_o shall_v suppose_v to_o have_v abundant_o gratify_v the_o most_o curious_a employer_n of_o the_o fine_a wood_n take_v a_o pint_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n exquisite_o dephlegm_v four_o ounce_n of_o gum-lacq_a which_o thus_o cleanse_v break_v it_o first_o from_o the_o stick_v and_o rubbish_n and_o rough_o contuse_v it_o in_o a_o mortar_n put_v it_o to_o steep_v in_o fountain_n water_n tie_v up_o in_o a_o bag_n of_o course_n linen_n together_o with_o a_o very_a small_a morsel_n of_o the_o best_a castle-sope_n for_o 12_o hour_n then_o rub_v out_o all_o the_o tincture_n from_o it_o to_o which_o add_v a_o little_a alum_n and_o reserve_v it_o apart_o the_o gum-lacq_a remain_v in_o the_o bag_n with_o one_o ounce_n of_o sandrac_n some_o add_v as_o much_o mastic_n and_o white-amber_n dissolve_v in_o a_o large_a matras_n well_o stop_v with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n by_o a_o two_o day_n digestion_n frequent_o agitate_v it_o that_o it_o adhere_v not_o to_o the_o glass_n then_o strain_n and_o press_v it_o forth_o into_o a_o lesser_a vessel_n some_o after_o the_o first_o infusion_n upon_o the_o ash_n after_o twenty_o four_o hour_n augment_v the_o heat_n and_o transfer_v the_o matras_n to_o the_o sandbach_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o simper_v and_o when_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o matras_n grow_v a_o little_a hot_a and_o that_o the_o gum-lacq_a be_v melt_v which_o by_o that_o time_n if_o the_o operation_n be_v heed_v common_o it_o be_v strain_v it_o through_o a_o linnen-cloth_n and_o press_v it_o betwixt_o two_o stick_n into_o the_o glass_n to_o be_v keep_v for_o use_v which_o it_o will_v eternal_o be_v if_o well_o stop_v the_o application_n the_o wood_n
shall_v resolve_v to_o accomplish_v he_o will_v leave_v such_o a_o everlasting_a obligation_n on_o his_o people_n and_o raise_v such_o a_o monument_n to_o his_o fame_n as_o the_o age_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n to_o come_v shall_v have_v cause_n to_o celebrate_v his_o precious_a memory_n and_o his_o royal_a successor_n to_o emulate_v his_o virtue_n for_o thus_o beside_o the_o future_a expectation_n it_o will_v in_o present_a be_v no_o deduction_n from_o his_o majesty_n treasure_n but_o some_o increase_n and_o fall_v in_o time_n to_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o worthy_a accession_n to_o it_o while_o this_o kind_n of_o propriety_n will_v be_v the_o most_o likely_a expedient_a to_o civilize_v those_o wild_a and_o poor_a bordurer_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o vast_a and_o spread_a heart_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o with_o all_o this_o indulgence_n will_v be_v ample_a enough_o for_o a_o princely_a demesne_n and_o if_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o find_v out_o who_o know_v or_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v the_o bordure_n this_o article_n be_v worthy_a and_o become_v of_o as_o serious_a a_o inquisition_n as_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v contrive_v 5._o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v get_v the_o bordure_n well_o tenant_v by_o long_a term_n and_o easy_a rent_n and_o this_o will_v invite_v and_o encourage_v taker_n whilst_o the_o middle_a most_o secure_a and_o interior_a part_n will_v be_v a_o royal_a portion_n let_v his_o majesty_n therefore_o admit_v of_o any_o willing_a adventurer_n in_o this_o vast_a circle_n for_o such_o enclosure_n in_o the_o precinct_n and_o rather_o of_o more_o than_o of_o few_o though_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o shall_v join_v together_o for_o any_o enclosure_n of_o five_o hundred_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o that_o multitude_n be_v thus_o engage_v the_o consideration_n may_v procure_v and_o facilitate_v a_o full_a discovery_n of_o latter_a encroachment_n and_o fortify_v the_o recovery_n by_o favourable_a rent_n improvement_n and_o reversion_n by_o copyhold_n or_o what_o other_o tenor_n and_o service_n his_o majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o accept_v of_o 6._o now_o for_o the_o plant_v of_o wood_n in_o such_o place_n which_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n the_o hill_n and_o rough_a ground_n will_v do_v well_o but_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a fat_a vale_n and_o flat_n which_o do_v best_a deserve_v the_o charge_n of_o wall_n such_o as_o that_o spot_n afford_v and_o the_o haw-thorn_n well_o plash_v single_a or_o double_a be_v a_o better_a and_o more_o natural_a fence_n than_o unmortered_a wall_n can_v our_o industry_n arrive_v to_o the_o make_n of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v beside_o they_o be_v last_v and_o profitable_a and_o than_o one_o may_v allow_v sufficient_a bordure_n for_o a_o mound_n of_o any_o thickness_n which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o well_o support_v and_o reward_v by_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o enclose_v 7._o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o man_n will_v take_v in_o 500_o acre_n of_o good_a land_n let_v the_o mound_n be_v of_o the_o wild_a ground_n as_o fit_a for_o wood_n two_o hedge_n with_o their_o vallation_n and_o trench_n will_v be_v requisite_a in_o all_o the_o round_a viz._n one_o next_o to_o the_o enclosure_n the_o other_o about_o the_o thicket_n to_o fence_v it_o from_o cattle_n this_o between_o the_o two_o hedge_n of_o whatsoever_o breadth_n be_v fit_a for_o plantation_n in_o these_o hedge_n may_v be_v try_v the_o plantation_n of_o stock_n in_o the_o interval_n all_o manner_n of_o wood-seed_n sow_v after_o competent_a plowing_n as_o acorn_n mast_n fir_n pine_n nut_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o year_n chase_v away_o the_o bird_n because_o of_o the_o fir_n and_o pine_n seeds_n for_o reason_n give_v the_o second_o year_n loosen_v the_o ground_n and_o thin_a the_o supernumerary_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o most_o frugal_a way_n or_o by_o another_o method_n the_o waste_a place_n of_o forest_n and_o wood_n which_o by_o through_o experience_n be_v know_v and_o try_v may_v be_v perfect_o cleanse_v and_o then_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o plowing_n well_o root_v stock_n be_v set_v cut_v and_o trim_v as_o be_v requisite_a and_o that_o the_o timber-tree_n may_v be_v excellent_a those_o afterward_o copse_v and_o the_o choice_a stock_n keep_v shred_a if_o a_o enclosure_n be_v sow_v the_o seed_n may_v be_v as_o be_v direct_v of_o all_o the_o species_n not_o forget_v the_o best_a pine_n fir_n etc._n etc._n while_o the_o yearly_a removal_n of_o very_a encumbrance_n only_o will_v repay_v the_o workman_n who_o sell_v the_o quick_a or_o reserve_v it_o to_o store_v other_o enclosure_n and_o soften_v the_o circumjacent_a ground_n to_o the_o very_a great_a improvement_n of_o what_o remain_v 8._o and_o how_o if_o in_o such_o fencing-work_n we_o do_v sometime_o imitate_v what_o quintus_n curtius_n lib._n 6._o have_v record_v of_o the_o mardorum_fw-la gens_fw-la near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o hyrcania_n who_o do_v by_o the_o close_o plant_v of_o tree_n alone_o upon_o the_o bordure_n give_v so_o strange_a a_o check_n to_o the_o power_n of_o that_o great_a conqueror_n alexander_n they_o be_v a_o barbarous_a people_n indeed_o but_o in_o this_o worthy_a our_o imitation_n and_o the_o work_n so_o handsome_o and_o particular_o describe_v that_o i_o shall_v not_o grieve_v to_o recite_v it_o arbores_n densae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la industria_fw-la consitae_fw-la quarum_fw-la teneros_fw-la adhuc_fw-la ramos_fw-la manu_fw-la flectunt_fw-la quos_fw-la intortos_fw-la rursus_fw-la inserunt_fw-la terrae_fw-la ind_n velut_fw-la ex_fw-la alia_fw-la radice_fw-la laetiores_fw-la virent_fw-la trunci_fw-la hos_fw-la qua_fw-la natura_fw-la fert_fw-la adolescere_fw-la non_fw-la sinunt_fw-la quip_n alium_fw-la alii_fw-la quasi_fw-la nexu_fw-la conserunt_fw-la qui_fw-la ubi_fw-la multa_fw-la frond_n vestiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la operiunt_fw-la terram_fw-la itaque_fw-la occulti_fw-la ramorum_fw-la velut_fw-la laquei_fw-la perpetuá_fw-la sepe_fw-la iter_fw-la claudunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o tree_n say_v he_o be_v plant_v so_o near_o and_o thick_a together_o of_o purpose_n that_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v yet_o young_a and_o flexible_a bend_v and_o wreathe_v within_o one_o another_o their_o top_n be_v bow_v into_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o submerge_n our_o layer_n whence_o take_v fresh_a root_n they_o shoot_v up_o new_a stem_n which_o not_o be_v permit_v to_o grow_v as_o of_o themselves_o they_o will_v have_v do_v they_o so_o knit_v and_o perplex_v one_o within_o another_o that_o when_o they_o be_v clad_v with_o leaf_n they_o even_o cover_v the_o ground_n and_o enclose_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o live_a net_n and_o impenetrable_a hedge_n as_o the_o historian_n continue_v the_o description_n and_o this_o be_v not_o unlike_o what_o i_o be_o tell_v be_v frequent_o practise_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o devon_n where_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v very_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o high_a mound_n by_o which_o they_o separate_v their_o land_n so_o root_n themselves_o into_o the_o bank_n that_o when_o it_o fail_v and_o crumble_v down_o the_o fence_n continue_v still_o maintain_v by_o they_o with_o exceed_a profit_n such_o work_n as_o these_o will_v become_v a_o cato_n or_o varro_z indeed_o one_o that_o be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la soli_fw-la natus_fw-la bear_v for_o posterity_n but_o we_o be_v common_o of_o another_o mould_n &_o fruges_fw-la consumere_fw-la nati_fw-la 9_o a_o fair_a advance_v for_o speedy_a growth_n and_o noble_a tree_n especial_o for_o walk_n and_o avenue_n may_v be_v assure_o expect_v from_o the_o graft_n of_o young_a oak_n and_o elm_n with_o the_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n and_o where_o the_o goodly_a of_o these_o last_o be_v grow_v the_o ground_n will_v be_v plow_v and_o fine_o rake_v in_o the_o season_n when_o the_o scale_n fall_v that_o the_o shower_n and_o dew_n fasten_v the_o seed_n where_o the_o wind_n drive_v it_o it_o may_v take_v root_n and_o hasten_v as_o it_o will_v to_o a_o sudden_a tree_n especial_o if_o seasonable_a shread_n be_v apply_v which_o have_v sometime_o make_v they_o arrive_v to_o the_o height_n of_o twelve_o foot_n by_o the_o first_o three_o year_n after_o which_o they_o grow_v a_o main_a and_o if_o such_o be_v plant_v as_o near_o to_o one_o another_o as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v allege_v it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o pale_v they_o will_v be_v to_o our_o most_o expose_v plantation_n mount_v up_o their_o wooden_a wall_n to_o the_o cloud_n and_o indeed_o the_o shelve_v and_o natural_a declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o to_o our_o unkind_a aspect_n and_o bleak_a wind_n do_v best_a direct_v to_o the_o thicken_a of_o these_o protection_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o that_o soon_o appear_v and_o recompense_v our_o industry_n in_o the_o smoothness_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o plantation_n so_o defend_v 10._o that_o great_a care_n be_v have_v of_o the_o
de_fw-fr infitionibus_fw-la and_o to_o these_o four_o as_o in_o chief_a no_o fantastical_a or_o counterfeit_a person_n we_o refer_v the_o industrious_a but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v this_o note_n also_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o graff_n have_v attain_v to_o a_o second_o or_o at_o far_a a_n three_o year_n growth_n take_v it_o off_o the_o stock_n and_o then_o graft_v it_o upon_o a_o stock_n of_o a_o more_o natural_a kind_n for_o in_o our_o own_o trial_n we_o have_v find_v a_o graft_n prosper_v the_o second_o year_n exceed_v well_o yet_o the_o three_o the_o whole_a growth_n at_o once_o blast_v quite_o to_o the_o very_a stock_n as_o if_o varro_n augur_n have_v say_v the_o word_n to_o this_o add_v the_o make_v use_n of_o such_o stock_n as_o in_o this_o experiment_n may_v contribute_v some_o special_a aid_n to_o several_a kind_n of_o humane_a infirmity_n as_o suppose_v the_o birch_n tree_n for_o the_o stone_n the_o elm_n for_o fever_n etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o by_o such_o insition_n the_o branch_n may_v convert_v the_o sap_n of_o the_o root_n even_o of_o another_o species_n into_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o alter_v all_o its_o property_n though_o in_o some_o they_o domineer_v as_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o apple_n in_o the_o rhamnus_n or_o mezerea_n acquire_v a_o purgative_n quality_n and_o by_o these_o mean_n why_o may_v not_o the_o fruit_n by_o effectual_a marriage_n be_v render_v cordial_n astringent_a purgative_n sudorific_a soporiferous_a and_o even_o deliterious_a and_o mortal_a but_o this_o we_o only_a hint_n moreover_o to_o graft_v rather_o the_o wilding_n or_o crab_n than_o the_o pepin_n because_o the_o wilding_n be_v the_o more_o natural_a and_o nature_n do_v more_o delight_n in_o progress_n than_o to_o be_v retrograde_a and_o go_v backward_o i_o shall_v also_o expect_v far_o more_o advance_v from_o a_o more_o pungent_a sap_n than_o from_o insipid_a as_o general_o we_o see_v the_o best_a and_o vigorous_a juice_n to_o salute_v our_o palate_n with_o a_o more_o agreeable_a piquancy_n and_o tartness_n for_o so_o we_o find_v the_o relish_n of_o the_o stocking-apple_n golden_a pepin_n pearmain_n eliot_n harvy_n and_o all_o both_o russeting_n and_o greening_n to_o be_v more_o poignant_a than_o of_o other_o and_o here_o we_o note_v from_o palladius_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v the_o success_n which_o we_o all_o and_o particular_o sir_n h._n plat_v do_v so_o frequent_o deny_v as_o in_o the_o particular_a of_o graft_n the_o apple_n on_o the_o pear_n &_o contra_fw-la let_v we_o hear_v he_o de_fw-fr pomo_n the_o graffed-crab_n its_o bushy_a head_n do_v rear_v much_o meliorate_n the_o insert_v pear_n its_o self_n to_o leave_v its_o wildness_n do_v invite_v and_o in_o a_o noble_a issue_n to_o delight_v insita_fw-la proceris_fw-la pergit_fw-la concrescere_fw-la ramis_fw-la et_fw-la sociam_fw-la mutat_fw-la malus_fw-la amica_fw-la pyrum_fw-la séque_fw-la feros_fw-la sylvis_fw-la hortatur_fw-la linquere_fw-la mores_fw-la et_fw-la partu_fw-la gaudet_fw-la nobiliore_fw-la frui_fw-la pallad_n de_fw-fr insitionib_fw-la lib._n 14._o but_o possible_o palladius_n assume_v this_o poetical_a expression_n upon_o presumption_n that_o no_o man_n in_o his_o day_n dare_v degrade_v the_o most_o excellent_a quince_n to_o support_v the_o cyon_n of_o another_o fruit_n which_o then_o must_v be_v of_o less_o esteem_n but_o we_o by_o our_o luxury_n have_v find_v the_o success_n and_o we_o have_v good_a argument_n to_o believe_v that_o virgil_n and_o columella_n in_o several_a of_o their_o wonderful_a relation_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o mixture_n which_o but_o for_o the_o prolixity_n we_o may_v now_o recite_v do_v not_o so_o far_o affect_v wonder_n as_o to_o desert_n the_o truth_n you_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o as_o well_o the_o french_a gardener_n and_o our_o modern_a planter_n have_v find_v the_o same_o benefit_n from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o quince_n as_o old_a palladius_n do_v it_o seem_v acknowledge_v yet_o as_o he_o conceive_v more_o hospitable_a still_o with_o its_o own_o kindred_n and_o that_o though_o the_o quince-stock_n admit_v all_o other_o fruit_n it_o be_v cyon_n with_o no_o other_o stock_n will_v suit_v scorn_v the_o bark_n of_o foreign_a tree_n do_v know_v such_o lovely_a fruit_n on_o no_o mean_a stem_n can_v grow_v but_o the_o quince-graff_n to_o the_o quince-stock_n be_v join_v content_v only_o to_o improve_v its_o kind_n cum_fw-la praestet_fw-la cunctis_fw-la se_fw-la fulva_fw-la cydonia_fw-la pomis_fw-la alterius_fw-la nullo_n creditur_fw-la hospitio_fw-la roboris_fw-la externi_fw-la librum_fw-la aspernata_fw-la superbit_fw-la scit_fw-la tantum_fw-la nullo_n crescere_fw-la posse_fw-la decus_fw-la sed_fw-la propriis_fw-la pandens_fw-la cognata_fw-la cubilia_fw-la ramis_fw-la stat_n contenta_fw-la suum_fw-la nobilitare_fw-la bonum_fw-la pallad_n de_fw-fr malo_fw-la cydonio_fw-la last_o we_o do_v by_o unexpected_a chance_n find_v the_o facility_n of_o graft_n the_o very_o young_a stock_n even_o of_o one_o year_n growth_n by_o the_o root_n at_o a_o second_o removal_n of_o the_o stock_n be_v then_o of_o two_o year_n growth_n we_o observe_v some_o root_n so_o fast_o close_v together_o into_o one_o as_o not_o to_o be_v divorce_v hereupon_o we_o conclude_v if_o casualty_n or_o negligence_n chance_n of_o spade_n or_o oppression_n of_o neighbourhood_n do_v this_o by_o art_n it_o may_v be_v do_v more_o effectual_o and_o possible_o to_o some_o desirable_a purpose_n for_o that_o then_o the_o stock_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o receive_v a_o master_a impression_n and_o any_o garden_n plant_v whatsoever_o may_v by_o this_o process_n interchange_v and_o mingle_v their_o root_n but_o this_o can_v extend_v no_o far_o than_o the_o stock_n may_v prevail_v with_o the_o graff_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v present_v our_o diligent_a ciderist_n with_o what_o observation_n and_o argument_n of_o encouragement_n ground_v on_o frequent_a experience_n we_o have_v receive_v from_o our_o most_o ingenious_a correspondent_o especial_o the_o learned_a and_o true_o candid_a d_o r_o beale_n in_o who_o person_n we_o have_v so_o long_o entertain_v you_o and_o to_o these_o we_o can_v add_v sundry_a other_o be_v it_o not_o now_o time_n while_o we_o discourse_v of_o possibility_n to_o conclude_v with_o something_o certain_a and_o to_o speak_v of_o what_o we_o have_v for_o the_o kind_n then_o of_o cider-apple_n in_o be_v gloucestershire_n affect_v the_o bromsbury_n crab_n it_o afford_v a_o smart_n winy_a liquor_n and_o be_v peculiarly_a hardy_a but_o not_o so_o proper_a for_o a_o cold_a and_o late-bearing_a climate_n it_o be_v not_o ripe_a in_o hot_a land_n till_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n nor_o fit_a to_o be_v ground_n for_o cider_n till_o christmas_n lie_v so_o long_o in_o heap_n and_o preparation_n it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o shire_n that_o they_o likewise_o much_o esteem_v of_o the_o white_a and_o red_a must-apple_n the_o sweet_a as_o well_o as_o sour_a pepin_n and_o the_o harvy-apple_n which_o be_v boil_v some_o prefer_v to_o the_o very_o best_a of_o all_o cider_n though_o from_o any_o experience_n we_o have_v yet_o see_v we_o can_v recommend_v it_o and_o it_o will_v want_v more_o particular_a and_o infallible_a direction_n before_o we_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o adventure_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v so_o frequent_o to_o miscarry_v but_o about_o london_n and_o the_o more_o southern_a tract_n the_o pepin_n and_o especial_o the_o golden_a be_v esteem_v for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o most_o delicious_a of_o that_o liquor_n most_o wholesome_a and_o most_o restorative_n and_o indeed_o it_o may_v in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n challenge_v those_o perfection_n with_o very_a good_a reason_n by_o other_o the_o pearmain_n alone_o be_v think_v to_o come_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a but_o say_v they_o the_o cider_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n find_v of_o the_o weak_a unless_o encourage_v with_o some_o agreeable_a pepin_n to_o inspirit_v it_o whereas_o this_o be_v to_o be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o fruit_n for_o even_o pippin_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o from_o pippin_n in_o taste_n and_o liquor_n as_o the_o kind_a and_o the_o soil_n dispose_v they_o nay_o though_o of_o the_o same_o species_n so_o as_o the_o cider_n of_o the_o pearmain_n though_o likewise_o very_o different_a do_v not_o seldom_o exceed_v it_o in_o that_o briskness_n which_o other_o attribute_v to_o the_o pepin_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o smooth_a and_o less_o poignant_a i_o conceive_v a_o good_a way_n of_o extract_v the_o spirit_n of_o these_o fruit_n may_v prove_v a_o likely_a criterion_n to_o ground_v our_o judgement_n on_o in_o all_o these_o nicety_n whilst_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v note_v that_o of_o all_o apple_n that_o bear_v one_o general_a name_n the_o pepin_n seem_v the_o most_o to_o differ_v and_o the_o cider_n from_o the_o genuine_a cider-fruit_n keep_v near_a to_o the_o same_o strength_n and_o relish_n some_o commend_v the_o fox-whelp_n and_o the_o gennet-moyle_n be_v once_o prefer_v
one_o load_n will_v suffice_v for_o six_o or_o seven_o tree_n this_o be_v much_o more_o proper_a than_o rot_v soil_n or_o loose_a earth_n the_o fat_a mould_n best_o agree_v with_o the_o apple_n tree_n the_o broad_a and_o deep_a your_o ditch_n be_v the_o high_a will_v be_v your_o bank_n and_o the_o secure_a your_o fence_n but_o than_o you_o must_v add_v some_o good_a earth_n in_o the_o second_o year_n as_o before_o i_o must_v subjoin_v that_o only_a tree_n of_o a_o upright_a growth_n be_v thus_o plant_v in_o open_a ground_n because_o spread_v of_o low_a grow_a tree_n will_v be_v still_o within_o reach_n of_o cattle_n as_o they_o increase_v nor_o have_v i_o meet_v with_o any_o inconvenience_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o transplant_n which_o be_v applicable_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n but_o that_o the_o mole_n and_o the_o ant_n may_v find_v ready_a entertainment_n the_o first_o year_n and_o sometime_o impair_v a_o weak_a root_a plant_n otherwise_o it_o rare_o miscarry_v in_o sum_n this_o manner_n of_o fence_v be_v soon_o execute_v by_o a_o indifferent_a workman_n who_o will_v easy_o set_v and_o guard_v six_o tree_n in_o a_o winter_n day_n thus_o far_o mr._n buckland_n to_o which_o we_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o those_o which_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o hedg-row_n need_v none_o of_o these_o defence_n for_o i_o be_o tell_v in_o hereford-shire_n in_o the_o plantation_n of_o their_o quicksets_a or_o any_o other_o all_o man_n do_v so_o superstitious_o place_v a_o crab-stock_n at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n distance_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v under_o some_o rigorous_a statute_n require_v it_o and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v content_a with_o fruit_n in_o the_o border_a mound_n than_o to_o be_v at_o all_o this_o trouble_n to_o raise_v tump_n or_o temporary_a bank_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o enclosure_n or_o if_o pear_n will_v thrive_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ortyard_n as_o we_o frequent_o see_v they_o where_o neither_o apple_n or_o other_o fruit_n can_v in_o appearance_n be_v expect_v than_o crab_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v on_o the_o mound_n will_v kind_o mix_v the_o liquor_n into_o very_o good_a beverage_n chap._n viii_o of_o prune_v and_o use_v of_o the_o fruit-tree_n the_o branch_n be_v to_o be_v lop_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o bruise_n of_o the_o root_n who_o fibre_n else_o shall_v only_o be_v quicken_v not_o altogether_o cut_v off_o nor_o entangle_v for_o the_o top_n let_v a_o little_a of_o each_o arm_n be_v lop_v in_o cider-fruit_n only_o but_o for_o the_o pear_n cut_v two_o or_o three_o bud_n deep_a at_o the_o summity_n of_o their_o aspire_a branch_n just_a above_o the_o eye_n slant_v this_o will_v keep_v they_o from_o overhasty_a mount_a reduce_v they_o into_o shape_n and_o accelerate_v their_o bear_n to_o this_o we_o add_v again_o out_o of_o dr._n beals_n herefordshire_n orchard_n pag._n 23._o in_o a_o graffed_a plant_n every_o bough_n shall_v be_v lop_v at_o the_o very_a top_n in_o apple_n and_o pear_n as_o in_o cherry_n and_o plum_n if_o transplant_v without_o violation_n of_o root_n which_o only_o indeed_o render_v it_o less_o necessary_a in_o most_o kind_n of_o natural_a plant_n the_o bough_n shall_v not_o at_o all_o be_v lop_v but_o some_o take_v off_o close_o to_o the_o trunk_n that_o the_o root_n at_o first_o transplantation_n be_v not_o engage_v to_o maintain_v too_o many_o sucker_n this_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o of_o such_o as_o grow_v natural_o from_o the_o kernel_n or_o the_o bur-knot_n especial_o if_o remove_v after_o they_o be_v well_o root_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v with_o such_o discretion_n that_o the_o top-branch_n be_v not_o too_o close_o together_o for_o the_o natural_a plant_n be_v apt_a to_o grow_v spiry_n and_o thereby_o fail_v of_o fruitfulness_n therefore_o let_v the_o reserve_a branch_n be_v divide_v at_o a_o convenient_a roundness_n the_o branch_n of_o those_o we_o call_v natural_a plant_n for_o usual_o the_o graffed_a general_o fail_v that_o be_v cut_v off_o may_v be_v set_v and_o will_v grow_v though_o slow_o if_o the_o top_n prove_v spiry_n or_o the_o fruit_n unkind_a than_o the_o due_a remedy_n must_v be_v in_o re-graffing_a see_v chap._n xxviij_o in_o sylva_n beside_o the_o perrys_z dry_a and_o preserve_v fruit_n useful_a be_v the_o pear-tree_n and_o best_o the_o most_o barren_a or_o pig-taile_n as_o they_o call_v it_o which_o be_v the_o wild_a pyraster_n for_o its_o excellent_a colour_a timber_n hard_a and_o levigable_a seldom_o or_o not_o ordinary_o worm-eaten_a especial_o for_o stool_n table_n chair_n pistol-stock_n instrument-maker_n cabinet_n and_o very_o many_o work_n of_o the_o joiner_n who_o can_v make_v it_o easy_o to_o counterfeit_v ebony_n and_o sculptor_n either_o for_o flat_a or_o emboss_a work_n and_o to_o engrave_v upon_o because_o the_o grain_n intercept_v not_o the_o tool_n and_o so_o be_v likewise_o both_o the_o black-cherry_n especial_o for_o the_o neck_n of_o musical-instrument_n and_o the_o plum-tree_n animadversion_n if_o some_o of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n seem_v less_o constant_a or_o upon_o occasion_n repugnant_a to_o one_o another_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o several_a gust_n and_o guize_n of_o person_n and_o country_n and_o not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o recommend_v secret_n much_o less_o impose_v far_o than_o upon_o trial_n they_o may_v prove_v grateful_a to_o the_o public_a and_o the_o different_a inclination_n of_o those_o who_o affect_v these_o drink_n nor_o in_o reason_n ought_v any_o to_o decry_v what_o be_v propose_v for_o the_o universal_a benefit_n since_o it_o cost_v they_o nothing_o but_o their_o civility_n to_o so_o many_o oblige_a person_n general_z advertisement_n concern_v cider_n by_o d_o r_o beale_n 1._o he_o that_o will_v treat_v exact_o of_o cider_n and_o perry_n must_v lay_v his_o foundation_n so_o deep_a as_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o soil_n for_o as_o no_o culture_n or_o graffs_n will_v exalt_v the_o french_a wine_n to_o compare_v with_o the_o wine_n of_o greece_n canary_n and_o montefiasco_n so_o neither_o will_v the_o cider_n of_o bromyard_n and_o ledbury_n equal_a that_o of_o ham_n lacy_n and_o kings-capell_a in_o the_o same_o small_a county_n of_o hereford_n 2._o yet_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o graff_n or_o fruit_n have_v so_o much_o of_o prevalency_n that_o the_o red-strake-cider_n will_v every_o where_o excel_v common_a cider_n as_o the_o grape_n of_o frontignac_n canary_n or_o baccharach_n excel_v the_o common_a french_a grape_n at_o least_o till_o by_o time_n and_o traduction_n it_o degenerate_v 3._o i_o can_v divine_v what_o soil_n or_o what_o fruit_n will_v yield_v the_o best_a cider_n or_o how_o excellent_a cider_n or_o perry_n may_v be_v if_o all_o soil_n in_o common_a and_o all_o fruit_n be_v try_v but_o for_o thirty_o year_n i_o have_v try_v all_o sort_n of_o cider_n in_o hereford-shire_n and_o for_o three_o year_n i_o have_v try_v the_o best_a cider_n in_o somersetshire_n and_o for_o some_o year_n i_o have_v have_v the_o best_a cider_n of_o kent_n and_o essex_n at_o my_o call_n yet_o hitherto_o i_o have_v always_o find_v the_o cider_n of_o hereford_n shire_n the_o best_a and_o so_o adjudge_v by_o all_o good_a palate_n but_o i_o shall_v rejoice_v to_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o true_o from_o all_o other_o country_n and_o do_v both_o wish_v and_o hope_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n we_o shall_v every_o where_o be_v rich_a in_o many_o improvement_n 4._o i_o can_v undertake_v to_o particularize_v all_o kind_n of_o soil_n no_o more_o than_o to_o compute_v how_o many_o syllable_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o alphabet_n the_o number_n of_o alphabetical_a element_n be_v better_o know_v than_o the_o ingredient_n and_o particle_n of_o soil_n as_o chalk_n day_n gravel_n sand_n marle_n the_o tenaciousness_n colour_n and_o innumerable_a other_o quality_n show_v endless_a diversity_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o crab_n apple_n and_o pear_n be_v as_o various_a as_o of_o grape_n fig_n and_o plum_n 5._o yet_o in_o gross_a this_o i_o note_v that_o as_o bacchus_n amat_fw-la colle_n and_o a_o light_a ground_n so_o our_o best_a cider_n come_v from_o the_o hot_a rie-land_n in_o fat_a wheat-land_n it_o be_v more_o sluggish_a and_o in_o white_a stiff_a clay-land_n as_o in_o woollhope_n in_o hereford-shire_n the_o common_a cider_n retain_v a_o thick_a whey-colour_n and_o not_o good_a only_o such_o as_o rise_v there_o by_o the_o diligence_n or_o some_o art_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bright_a and_o clear_a and_o so_o lively_a that_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o challenge_v the_o best_a 6._o some_o cider_n mix_v kind_o with_o water_n in_o the_o cider-mill_n and_o will_v hold_v out_o a_o good_a small_a wine_n and_o less_o inflame_a all_o the_o follow_a summer_n some_o cider_n as_o of_o long-hope_a a_o kind_n of_o