very well vp being bestowed in a moist and wel dunged ground and the hearbe after the comming vp requireth to be often watered vntill it hath yeelded a highe stemme The phisicke benefits of the Valerian THe hearbe of qualitie heateth in the thirde degree and drieth in the beginning of the second and the roote especiallye serueth for the vse of phisicke The roote of the Ualerian brought to pouder and druncke in wine prouoketh sweate and vrine the like performeth the roote it selfe being boyled in Wine yea thys also amendeth the paine and stitches of the sides and backe The roote dried may be kepte for three whole yeares and gathered especially in the moneth of Auguste The pouder of the roote of valerian mixed wyth the white helelbor or neeseworte and the flowre of wheate this in apte places layed killeth mice The roote boyled in white wine with fennell and parcely seedes doth mightily prouoke the vrine colde healpeth the paines in the sides and moueth the Termes This also preuaileth againste poyson and the plague by drinking of it Certaine do boyle the roote of Ualerian with Fennell Annise seedes and Licourise for the coughe and straightnesse of breathe The greene Hearbe and freshe roote bruised and applyed doth mytigate the payne of the heade staye fluxes and profitteth the shyngles The floures or roote boyled in wine and dropped into the eyes procureth a clearnesse of them healeth the great pyles in the fundamente other vlcers but this especially amendeth the dymmes of sight as Jeronimus booke witnesseth The worthy vertues of the distilled water of the Herbe THe conuenient time of the distillation of the same is that the roote Herbe and stem with the whole substaunce be shred togither and distilled about the ende of May. The distilled water of Ualerian drunke vnto the quantitie of foure ounces at a time doth morning and euening and linnen clothes wet in it applyed vpon doth in shorte time amende vlcers olde soares and those causing swellings yea thys auayleth againste the pyles by applying linnen clothes wet in it The said water drunke in like quantity both morning and euening profiteth the creature hauing any bone broken This also helpeth a rupture or a bodie broken and droppe in the eies cleareth them The distilled water of the valerian drunke vnto the quantitie of a sponfull at a time euery morning fasting doth expell the long wormes in children Thys water druncke in like manner as afore vttered profiteth againste poyson and a pestilente ayre it healeth newe and olde wounds cleareth vlcers and impostumes wythin the bodye and remoueth the ache of the hippes The distilled water orderly druncke procureth cleare eyes remoueth the paine in chins and prouoketh sweate this poured into troubled wine causeth the faine 〈…〉 purer to be drunke The saide water assuageth the paine of the members proceedyng of an vntemperate coldenesse by dayly annoynting the members wyth it The vertues of the distilled water of the rootes of Valerian THe distillation of thys water is to bee wrought from the fifteenth daye of August vnto the eyght daye of the moneth of September This distilled water drunke as afore taught doth remoue poyson and profiteth against venemous beastes The distylled water drunke fasting vnto the quantitie of syxe ounces at a time before the fitte commeth deliuereth the Quotidian Ague The sayde water in like quantitie gyuen and both annoynted and applyed wyth linnen clothes wet in it amendeth the stitches in the sides When two persons at variance shal drinke a quantitie of this water out of one cuppe togither doth after procure them friendes and louing one to the other The dilligence required in the bestowing of the Hearbe Bytonie Chap. 35. THe Betony is an Hearbe hauing a slender stemme and foure square growyng in manye places a foote and a halfe hyghe the leaues long and softe and indented rounde aboute like to Oken leaues and sweete smelling among the whiche greater leaues are those growing nighe to the roote in the toppe of the stemmes is the seede eared after the maner of Sauerie the rootes spreading small and beareth purple floures The Herbe Betonie ioyeth to be sowen in a moist and cold ground and by a bricke or stone wal to enioy the shadow of the same for the Herbe much delighteth to stande in the Sunne beames The Phisicke commodities of the Herbe Bitonie THe Herbe Betony after the minde of the learned is hotte and drye in the first degree complet or in the myddle of the seconde and hath the nature of cutting asunder whiche is manyfest of the taste that is soure and somewhat bitter The Herbe boyled with the floures in wyne and drunke stayeth belching the rawnesse of stomack amendeth and the soure restings correcteth The selfe same may be distilled water or a confection made of the floures wyth suger or the pouder of the dry Herbe it selfe or ministred with Honye The Herbe drunke in wine very muche profiteth the diseases of the Matrice and this to be briefe is auaylable to all inwarde griefes of the body in what maner soeuer the same be taken For this giuen in Mulse vineger vnto y e quantite of a dramme profiteth in the sending forth of y e harmeful humors of y e stomack liuer milte kidneis bladder matrice The person which feareth to haue drunke poison by takyng a dram wayghte of pouder in wine shalbe deliuered of the harme both by vrine and siege The Herbe after the boyling in water drunke profiteth the Phrensie persons suche hauing the falling sicknesse the Paulsie and ache of the Hyppes The Herbe helpeth digestion if any after supper eateth vnto the bignesse of a beane of the same being afore boyled in Hony this also steeped in wine for a night and drunke stayeth vomyting The Herbe boyled in wine and drunke expelleth the Ague and ministred to the wayght of two drammes with Hidromel sendeth foorth the water betweene the skinne and many humours The pouder of the Hearbe to the wayght of a dramme drunke wyth wyne doth speedily helpe the Jaundise and sendeth downe the Termes The Betony boyled in wine and strayned if wyth three drammes of Hiera Picra Galem myxed and drunke fasting gently purgeth the belly The Herbe boyled with Hony recouereth the consumption of the body and matterie spittings of the Lungs The Herbe brused and applyed in playster forme on the hurt of the heade as witnesseth Apuleius doth by a maruellous speedinesse close and heale the same yea this hath such a propertie that it fasteneth broken bones and by his force draweth pieces forth and dissolueth the clotted bloud The pouder of the herbe giuen to the waight of a dramme in wine stayeth the spitting vp of bloud The leaues brused applyed in plaister forme on y e eyes doth speedyly helpe the eyes bruised or hurt by a strype the rootes also of the Hearbe boyled to a third part in water and the eyes suppled w t the same water doe speedyly remoue the payne of them The iuyce of the Hearbe
doth maruellousely resolue the impostumes of the pappes caused through the ranckling of Milke stayed backe by part drying vp the Milke and part by purgyng the same The Parselie eaten eyther rawe or sodden doth amend the stopping of the Lyuer prouoke Urine stayeth loosenes of the Bellie and hathe a propertie in strengthning of loose partes The Parselie also hathe the nature of pearcing for whyche cause it moueth vryne and very much preuaileth againste the stone as wel the seede as roote The Greeke Florentinus writeth in his husbandrie that the Parsely with crummes of bread applyed in the steede of a playster doth heale the Shingles but the decoction of the same drunke to breake the stone and the like to perfourme by applying outwardly To these for such hardly making water and diseased in the kidneys to helpe aswel by the leafe as by the roote The blacke spottes to restore to the proper colour if the decoction of the seedes be applyed vpon and to soften the hardnesse of the pappes by applying the leaues brused on them Plinie writeth that the brused seedes annoynted with the whyte of an Egge or the seede boyled in water and drunke to amende and helpe the kidneys and brused in colde water to profite and remoue the vlcers of the mouth this also with olde wyne ministred to breake the stone in the bladder which like doth the roote perfourme Thys profiteth giuen for the Jaundise in white wyne and to such women whose monethly courses doe not orderlye proceede or be stayed This is worthy to be noted that the rawe Parsely yeeldeth sweeter waters in the drinking as the worthye Plinie hath noted and to the mouth as Galen writeth the same pleasaunt and very delectable to the stomacke The seed taken in meate doth expel winde in the body the same brused and applyed on a foule Scabbe doth very wel clense and procureth a fayre skinne The seeds eaten doth remoue the swelling of the stomacke and profiteth the dropsie men in that the seeds drye and pearce the euil humors and consume them The Parsely profiteth those persons which haue gotten the Leprie of Fleumaticke humors It clenseth the Liuer and remoueth the payne of the Loynes and Bladder A sauce prepared of the Parselye wyth Sorrell and vyneger myxed togyther and eaten preuayleth agaynste the burnyng of a Feuer If after the drying of the Parselye rootes and beaten fynelye to pouder the same be mixed and drunke with the purest wine doth not only procure a sounde brayne and perfite memorie but purgeth the bloud The Seedes after the agreement of the best writers are principall in the causes of Phisicke the rootes next to them and the leaues as third in working The rootes Herbe and seedes of the Parsely applyed in meate and drinke do procure vrine remoue the stone of the Loynes drawe downe the reddes dissolue winde in the bodie take awaye the gripings of the bellie aswage the strangurie paine of the backe griefe of the Kidneys and bladder and swellyng of the stomacke The person bitten of a mad dog by boyling and drinking the decoction of Parsely and applying a playster made of the seedes and Herbe shal be speedily holpen The Phisicke helpes of the distilled water of Parsely THe commended time for the distilling of Parsely is in the beginning of September and that the fresh rootes and Herbe wyth the whole substance be distilled togither in Balneo Mariae The water of the Parselye drunke vnto the quantitie of three or foure ounces at a time morning and euening for thirtie or fourtie dayes togither profiteth against the stone of the kydneys and Loynes purgeth the kydneys and bladder and greatlye moueth forwarde the vrine The water drunke in the same manner helpeth digestion procureth an appetite to meate purgeth the Liuer easeth the strangurie and where so euer thys water is annoynted on the heade or bodie heares do soone after shedde What skil and diligence required in the sowing and ordering both of the Garden and wilde or running Time Chap. 11. THe Garden Time although it seeme better to agree to be placed nigh to Beehiues for the commoditie of Honye than in Gardens yet our purpose is here somewhat to write of the same in that this is so carefully bestowed in Gardens as well for the commoditie of meates as for the deeking of Garlandes There are found to be two kindes of it the one white with a wooddy or hard roote growing on little Hilles which is accompted the worthiest The other aswel in kinde as floure ▪ blacke which Actius in meates disaloweth for the same inwardly receyued lightly putrifieth and increaseth Cholericke humors The Tyme of the Garden growing bushie and full of slyppes is seene to shoote vp ▪ two handfuls high bring most sweete and delectable of sauoure and decked with a number of smal leaues bearing also purple floures tending to a whitenesse and the toppes after the fourme of Antes bending in bodie The Garden Time better cōmeth forwarde being bestowed in a leane and stony ground for which cause it neyther desireth a fatte nor dunged Earth but ioyeth to be placed in a Sunny and open place This wel ynough prospereth being bestowed in beds either in the seede or plant but this speedier cōmeth forward being only set yea this increaseth being set againe with the floures bearing as the singular Theophrastus witnesseth The owners of Hiues haue a perfitte forsight and knowledge what the increase or yeelde of Honye will bee euerie yeare by the plentiful or small number of floures growing and appearing on the Tyme about the Sommer solstice For this increaseth and yeeldeth most friendly floures for the Bees which render a coloure and sauoure to the Hony The saide Theophrastus writeth that the floure of Tyme spreade abroade is destroyed and dyeth if a big shoure of raine happen to fal The worthy Neapolitane Rutilius in his husbandrie instructeth y t the whole plant is to be rather set than sowen about the middle of April in a well laboured Earth lying open to the Sunne and that the same may prosper and come the speedier forwarde Hee willeth the owner to water the Plantes of time or to moysten them al a day with water finely sprinckled on the beddes in that the tyme so fast drincketh in If the owner or Gardener woulde possesse y e seedes he must diligently gather the floures in whiche the seedes are contained and not laboure to separate the one from the other The running Tyme ioyeth to bee set or sowen neare to springs of water as by a Wel or Ponde for on such wise bestowed in the Earth the same yeeldeth the fayrer leaues This neyther requireth a fatte nor dunged Earth but only to be bestowed in a Sunny place and ioyeth in the often remouing The running time doth many tymes proceede or come of the Basill rudely or wythout care bestowed in the Earth The Phisicke helpes both of the Garden and running Time THe Garden Tyme heateth and dryeth in the thirde degree The Tyme
in the saide manner helpeth the stone prouoketh the Termes in women assuageth the griefe of the stone and prouoketh vrine yea this drunke in the abouesaide manner sendeth the deade yongling out of the mothers wombe The distilled water eyther drunk or applied with linnen clothes wet in it remoueth the swelling of womens places the sayde water also drunke or applied with linnen clothes assuageth the swelling of the testicles and only this druncke often doth amende them The distilled water druncke sundry days vnto the quantitie abouesaide both morning and euening ceasseth the coughe and consumeth the grosse and clammy humours about the stomacke The care in the bestowing of the hearbe Pepperworte Chap. 39. THe Pepperworte is a seemly hearbe yeelding leaues greater and broader than the peache or Baye tree and those thicker greener softer the herbe also growing a foot and a half and somtimes two foot high wyth a stiffe and rounde stemme bearyng on the top white and very small floures after these a small seede and long roote The leaues are sowre and bite in taste like pepper on the tongue for which cause this is rightly named Pepperworte Thys groweth euery where in Gardens and well ordered in the ground endureth for two yeres in certaine places also as witnesseth Ruellius it continueth grene tenne yeares It florisheth or beareth floures in the moneth of June and July and nexte yeeldeth the Seede The hearbe Pepperworte oughte to bee sette before the beginning of Marche after the growing vp to be clipped and cutte like the Siues but this not often for after the firste day of Nouember the hearbe ought not to be cut leaste it perisheth or drieth throughe the colde season ensuing The hearbe prospereth and continueth twoo yeares if the same be well dunged aboute and diligently weeded The phisicke benefits of the hearbe Pepperworte THe hearbe of qualitie heateth and drieth in third degree as Brunsfelsius reporteth but Galen affirmeth the Pepperworte to be hotte as the Cresses is in the fourthe degree yet lesser dryeth than it and the leaues of this hearbe doth by property exulcerate the nature also of the Hearbe is to cutte and extenuate the meate receyued and clammy humoures The Pepperworte is not to be vsed or taken inward without milke and it hathe the like properties as the Cresses whiche after the manner of condite things muste be condited with milke and salte And the same may bee made after this manner by infusing the freshe leaues in newe milke and after the thirde daye the whey pressed foorthe to whiche then greene Sauery the drye seedes of Coriander Dill time and parseley mixed and diligentlye beaten togyther thys well sodden and strained to adde so muche salte as shall suffise Seing the leaues possesse suche a sharpnesse as Dioscorides reporteth that they doe exulcerate partes wythin for that cause maye they aptely serue vnto exulcerating in the paine of the hippes if after the brusing wyth an Elecampane root it be layd to the place a quarter of an houre And this in the like manner lying to assuageth the swelling of the Milte The roote beatē with barrows grease or with the Elecampane roote and applied in plaister forme on the hippe grieued doth deliuer the ache in shorte time This amendeth the skinne of the face by exulcerating so that the same bee after healed with oyle of Roses and waxe And on such wise it easily taketh away foule scabbes and Leprie and the marks of Ulcers The roote of the Hearbe Pepperworte tyed on the Arme or hanged about the necke is supposed to cease or aswage the toothache The care in the bestowing of the Celondyne Chap. 39. THe Hearbe Celondyne shooteth vp a foote and a halfe high and somtymes is more slender of them bearing many leaues and those like to the Crowfoote but softer and to a yelowish coloure tending yeeldyng also a yelow floure like to the Violet The iuyce in the Hearbe of yelowe coloure to Saffrone biting the tongue sowre somwhat bitter and strong sauouring The roote aboue all one but within the earth shedde into many yellow hearye rootes it commonly groweth in shadowie places by walles and in stony heapes this florisheth at the comming of the Swallowes and all the Sommer but it wythereth at the departure of them The Celondine commeth vp in any earth yet dothe the same more ioy bestowed in a shadowie place and the seedes ought to be committed to the Earth in the moneth of February which after the comming vppe wil endure for twoo yeares if after the shedding of the Seedes the stemmes be cutte away well foure fingers aboue the rootes The phisicke benefits of the Celondine THe Celondine is of qualitie hotte and drye in the third degree absolute but Platearius affirmeth the hearbe to be hotte and drye in the fourthe degree Foure things are preserued of this hearbe as the leaues with the stemme the rootes seedes and Juice The Juice of the herbe boyled in a Copper vessell with hony on the coles and dropped into the eies procureth a clearnesse of them and putteth away the dimnesse of sighte The Juice mixed with salt Armoniacke and dropped into the eies remoueth the pinne and webbe growen on them and causeth a clearnesse of sight The hearbe with the floures diligently beate boiling them after in water and that water boyled poure into a potte settyng the same againe ouer the fire and well skimming it in the boyling when the licoure beginneth to seeth ouer straine it soone after through a linnen clothe whyche keepe close stopped in a glasse or a potte to vse for this dropped in the eyes remoueth the dimnesse of sighte The Juice of the root cleareth the leaprie if any annointeth the places therewith and the patient after taketh the Sirrope of Fumitorie for nine dayes togyther both morning and euening whyche wythout doubt recouereth and healpeth the same The Juice is to be purchased in Maye aswell out of the rootes as leaues and floures beaten togyther and pressed foorth whiche after the drying in the shadowe to be formed into little pasties The root of the Celondine boyled in white wine with Annise sedes and drunke fasting deliuereth the Jaundise through stopping in the body and applied after the boyling in wine or chawed in the mouthe assuageth the toothache A handefull of the Celondine purged boyled in an equall quantitie of Rosewater and strained to which an ounce and halfe of Triacle added is a moste effectuouse remedy against the plague The roote boyled in wine and applied in plaister forme on the shingles or Tetters speedely healeth them the herbe brused as Platearius reporteth boyled in wine and applied vpon or a spunge wette in the saide decoction remoueth the Cholicke passion The pouder of the root sprinckled on woundes and vlcers both clenseth and healeth them For the Canker of the mouthe bone or synewes the pouder of the saide roote with the pouder of roses wrought togyther with vineger and boyled vnto a meane thicknesse like to mustard and the cankerous
shall worke after this maner in taking a litle clodde of earth and the same to sprinckle with fayre water kneading it well in the hande which after appearing clammie and cleauing or sticking to the fingers doth vndoubtedly witnesse that earth to haue a fatnesse in it An other triall of a battell earth may thus be purchased if you digge vp a rotten clodde in a maner blacke and the same able inough to couer it selfe with the groweth of the owne grasse and appearing also of a mixte colour whiche earth if it be found thinne and loose may well be fastned and made clammie through the adioyning and mixing of a fat earth to it The garden grounde doth also require a sweetnesse to consist in it whiche the Gardener shall easely finde and knowe by taste of it if so be he take vp a clodde of earth in any parte of the ground which most misliketh him and moystening the clodde with fayre water in an earthen potsharde doth after the dipping of the finger in this moyst earth and water let a droppe softely fall on the tunge he shall incontinent feele and perceyue by reason of the taste of what condition the same is Further euery fatte earth beyng reasonably loose is euermore commended and chosen whiche of it selfe requireth smal labour and yeeldeth the most increase But worste of all others is that grounde whiche shalbe bothe dry and grosse leane and colde In the kindes of grounde the chalkie is to be refused whiche properly the auncients name the cleyishe and reddish earth The worthy Varro commendeth the same grounde whiche of it selfe beyng gentle and pliable yeeldeth properly walwurtes The same earth doth Columella greatly allowe which of the owne accorde yeeldeth or bringeth foorth wilding or Crabbe trees yong Springs the Slowe or Bullesse trees Elme trees and such like So that a battell ground is on suche wise founde and knowen the rather of the crescent things seene in it of the owne accorde yet of necessitie may euery grounde well agree to be mixed and turned in with dunge Florentinus vttereth an other triall of a fruitefull grounde if so be the Gardener diggeth vp a furrow of a foote and a halfe deepe and filleth the same againe with the owne earth which in short time after gapeth or choppeth this no doubt is a weake and leane earth But if the earth thus ordred swelleth or retcheth out then is it a sure note that the same is a battell and fatte grounde And this is noted to be a meane earth whiche after the digging and raking euen gapeth but a little This I thought not good to be couered nor willingly ouer passed that a garden plotte situated or standing neare to a mote or compassed by a mote is not alwayes lawdable in that the seedes bestowed in the same and diuerse plantes set in it do lightly and soone through the water vaporating foorth waxe olde yea the fruytes whether those shalbe of the hearbes or trees are for the more parte caused vnpleasant and ouermoyst Further conceyue that a garden grounde ought to be of a moderate increase and easie dressing whiche neyther is very moyst nor ouer dry of it selfe To these suche a earth is greatly commended as beyng new digged byrdes couet to it and that Crowes especially folow the new casting of the digger If the earth shalbe founde naughtie or vnfruitfull as the Cleyie Sandie and Chalkie then ought the same to be amended after the minde of the skilfull with mearle and dunge layed three foote deepe and well turned in with the earth if this be perceyued ouer thinne and leane then to be mixed and holpen by a fat earth or to a barreyne and ouer dry groūd may be mixed a moyst and very fatte earth A waterie ground is made the better if the same be mixed with a sandie or small grauelie earth and deepe Alleys made for the conueighyng and shifting of the water falling in the night But to vse such a tediouse paynes in these Plinie accompteth it a madnesse for what fruyte or gayne may be hoped after in bestowyng suche a trauayle and diligence in the like grounde plotte To conclude euery reasonable earth may very much be holpen thorough the well dunging and laboring of the Gardener of whiche matter in the proper place we meane fully to intreate Of the placing and standing of a Garden plotte with the necessarie benefite of water to a Garden and other matters profitable Chap. 5. IT is right necessary sayth Varro to place gardens neare to the Citie aswell for the benefite of pothearbes and rootes as all maner of sweete smelling floures that the Citie greatly needeth Where these placed in a soyle farre off that they can not so conueniently and in due time be brought to the market to be solde in such places are altogither disalowed and thought friuolous for the turne Cato doth very much commende the garden plot placed neare to the Citie in which both young trees to beare vp Uines and Willow or Osier trees be planted nigh to water sides and in places waterie and that through the garden grounde water or springs be seene running To these the seedes of most hearbes committed into a very well dunged dressed and fayre or large open plot in whiche besides all kindes of fruytes for the vse of man workemanly planted and set in apte times of the yeare This skilfull Cato also willeth that all kindes of garden groundes be placed and framed neare to the Citie aswell for the Garlande or Posie floures as all maner rounde and delectable rootes with the sweete and pleasant smelling trees as all the kindes of the Roses the sweete Jacemine the Eglantine bryar the Myrtill tree and all others of lyke sorte sowed and planted in due seasons of the yeare But a Garden plot onely seruing for the vse of potherbes and the kitchin ought especially to be a battell ground sufficient moyst of it selfe and well turned in or workemanly laboured with dung Garden plottes ought to be placed farre from Barnes Hay loftes and Stables if the same possibly may be refused or otherwise chosen for the turne in that the chaffe or duste of strawes as enimie to them the plantes hardly brooke and suffer in somuch that the very strawes blowē abroade with the winde and falling on hearbes do greatly annoy and harme them as the singular Florentinus in his Greeke instructions of Husbandry skilfully vttereth For these sayth he by cleauing to the plantes in the fallyng pearse the leaues which once pearced are incontinent burned by them All Gardens aswell prosper by the dunging with rootes as with the proper dunge allowable yet dungyng the Garden earth with the branches and leaues of trees is of the skilfull Gardeners very much disalowed as vnprofitable and noyouse to hearbes As to the well standing of a Garden behoueth the aptest and moste laudable placing of a Garden plot shalbe if the playne grounde lying somewhat a slope shal haue a course of spring water running through by
seueral partes But this course of water running through the Garden plot may in no wise be bigge And the smalnesse of the labouring and dressing of a Garden grounde is more of yeelde than the largenesse of it not labored in a maner at all It behoueth to haue a well in a Garden onlesse some running water as eyther ditche or small ryuer be neere adioyning for that a sweete water sprinckled on yong Plantes and Hearbes giueth a speciall nourishment If a well bee lacking in the Garden then digge a deepe pitte in some conuenient place of the Garden although it may be a painefull labour for the Gardener to drawe water out of the same For a Garden grounde needeth often to be watered through whiche all Seedes committed to the earth as Plinie reporteth both sooner breake foorth and speedier spread abroade That a pit with water of long continuance may be purchased the same at that time Columella willeth to be digged wheÌ„ as the Sunne shall obtayne or occupie the last degrees of virgo which is in the moneth of September before the Equinoctiall haruest For the vertue then of Well springes are throughly tried and founde out at whiche time through the long drought of Summer the earth lacketh the due moysture of rayne If a well or pitte to purpose cannot be made in the Garden then frame vp a squarepitte or Cesterne leaueled in the bottome with brycke and â—ime to receyue the rayne water falling with whiche in the hottest Summer dayes you may water the beddes of the Garden But if all these maner of healpes and wayes shall fayle the Gardener or can not wel be compassed in the Garden ground then shal he digge the ground after the minde of Palladius Rutilius three or foure foote the deeper or lower For the beddes on such wise ordered being workemaÌ„ly laboured and sowen may the better endure through the lowe standing the whole drought of the Summer dayes In the Garden ground besides this shall you obserue that when the Alleys or pathes of the beddes be ouer cloyed with water to digge deepe gutters here there after your discretion in suche order that the water falling and runnyng along may be guyded into a conuenient pitte made at the lower side or ende of the Garden for that onely purpose Here further learne that what Garden plot the nature of the moysture helpeth not the same may you aptly deuide into partes in conuerting the spaces digged and dressed for the winter time to lie open to the South and those prepared for the Summer time like vnto the North quarter What ayre commended for the benefite of a Garden and whiche be noâ—ous as well to Man as the Plantes and the reason why Garden plottes ought to be placed nigh to the owners house Chap. 6. EUery ground plâ—â—â—ying neare to the Cittie aswell the Garden as Orcharde ought to be placed neere to the house for the oftner recourse and diligence to be bestowed of the owner and the Garden especially to be laboured and well turned in with dung through whose iuyce and fatning the earth may yeelde hearbes of the owne accorde As touchyng the ayre commended for a Garden the same being cleare and temperate is beste alowed in that this not onely cherisheth and prospereth the hearbes growing in it but procureth a delight and comfort to the walkers therein An euill ayâ—â— in the contrarie mâ—â—â—et troubled with the vapours of standing pittâ—s ditches and suche like mixed to it dothe not onely annoy and corrupte the Plantes and Hearbes growing in that Garden faste by but â—ist choke and dull the Sâ—yrites of men by walkyng in the 〈◊〉 Besides â–ª the windes byting and frostes mortifying doe both harme and destroy Plantes Auicen wryting of the ayre doth in skilfull maner â—tter that the same ayre whiche after the Sunne setting is soone colde and after the Sunne rising speedily hote is both subtill and healthfull to man So that a contrarie ayre to this worketh the contrary to man and Plantes Yet that ayre is accompted worser which seemeth as it were to wring or binde hâ—rde togither the Heart yea making straight or letting the attraction of ayre The learned Neapolitane Rutilius besides these reporteth that y e subtilnesse or healthfulnes of ayre do declare those places free froÌ„ low valleys and stincking mistes or fogges in the night that might annoy both men and the Plantes Here is doth not much disagree from the matter to write in generall general of the qualities of the windes and of these in the briefest maner First the Easterly and Westerly windes be in a maner temperate of qualitie as betwene a hotenesse and coldnesse yet of the two the Easterly windes be knowen dryer Further the Easterly windes are for the more parte hoter than the Westerly the Westerly by reporte of the Auncient somewhat more moyst than the Easterly Of all the windes for the benefite of the Garden is the Southwest winde especially commended as the worthy Florentinus in his Greeke rules and others of experience affirme Besides these as vnto the clemencie or temperatenesse of ayre and healthfulnesse of the place belongeth a Garden plot in colde countries ought in a contrary maner to be placed as either to the East or South quarter if the same be such a plot of ground whiche bothe contayneth trees Plants or Herbes comming vp in it least the Garden plot excluded from these two partes by the obiect or standing against of some most great and high hill be so nipped frosen and withered with the extreame colde long continuyng or the Garden plotte otherwise farre distant form the comforte of the Sunne on the North parte or els the Sunne only shining low and weake at the West quarter of the same The singular Cato willeth that the Garden if a man can be placed at the foote of an Hill and the same beholding or lying open to the South especially in a healthfull place For a Garden plotte thus defended by an highe hill on the North parte and all the day comforted by the open face of the South quarter is procured to yeelde the sweeter and tymelier Fruytes in the seasons of the yeare But in hote Regions or Countries let the open place of a Garden grounde be rather situated towardes the North quarter whiche may through the like standing auayle aswell to health of bodie and quicknyng of the Spyrites as to profite and pleasure This besides conceyue that the placing of a Garden grounde neare to a Fenne or Marrishe is euery where to be misliked and refused if the same lie open towardes the South or Weste and yearely in the Summer time is accustomed to be drie for on such wise hapning the ayre thereabout gathered vp doth in the falling againe ingender eyther the Pestilence or wicked vermine much harming the Garden plot lying nigh to it There is also a great regarde to be had to the water mote or ditche standing nighe or rounde aboute the Garden grounde whether
Columella in his husbandry the Neapolitane Palladius Rutilius wryting the like instruction in a maner will that the ground plotte in which a Hedge shalbe erected be compassed with two narrow furrowes digged three foote distant one from the other and a mans foote and a halfe deepe but these to be made in the Equinoctial Haruest at what time the ground shalbe well moystned with shoures The Furrowes thus prepared they appoynted to lie open all the winter thorough after in the moneth of Februarie the roapes with the seedes layed into eache furrowes to be couered not thicke ouer with light earth for hindering the growth of the seedes especially of the white Thorne and that this action be rather wrought when as the winde bloweth from the South or Southwest the seedes thus couered with diligence shall appeare within a moneth eyther more or lesse and the tender young Thornes sprung vp to some height must be holpen and stayed with Willow twigges or other small proppes set betweene the emptie spaces vntil the Thornes by their further growth ioyned togither may stay one the other whiche within few yeares wil grow to be a most strong defence of the Garden or fielde a sure safeguide against outwarde iniuries Columella â–ª besides willeth that a Willow or Osier hedge be set on eyther side and in the middle roome or space betweene the two furrowes couered and euen raked that these might so stay the tender Thornes springing vp in eyther furrowe vnto the tyme they ioyned were growen aboue this Willow hedge or at the least vnto such strength that they wel stayed one of the other Others there are as the famouse Diophanes among the Greeke wryters of Husbandry and with him many the like whiche will a quicke set Hedge to be erected and made after this maner The bigger armes or roddes of the Bramble they willed to be cut into shorte portions or partes and these layed aslope into open Furrowes of a span deepe to be diligently couered with earth after to vse aboute the Plantes a dayly digging or rearyng vp of the earth and watering of them if neede so requyreth vntill the Plantes budde foorth and the leaues of the stemmes open whiche by this maner of comforting and cherishing shall grow in fewe yeares to a strong sure and continuall hedge The Neapolitane Palladius Rutilius instructeth the way and maner of erecting an other quicke set Hedge on this wyse Plante sayeth he young Elder trees neare three foote asunder then the seedes of the Brambles lapped diligently in long lumpes of softned moyst Cley or tough earth lay the same orderly in a shallow furrow betweene the Elder trees whiche artly couered with light Earth and watering the places if neede so requireth will within three yeares following growe to suche a strength and surenesse that the same will be able inough to defende the iniuries bothe of the theefe and beast Palladius Rutilius reporteth that this hedge of the Brambles after three yeares growth ought to be swinged with flaming strawe for on suche wise handled it prospereth afterwardes the better In that the Bramble as he sayth through the euery yeres swinging or burning with straw ioyeth and increaseth the better yea through the yearely burning as the skilfull Husband men affirme they shoote out harder and rougher of prickles And this maner to be briefe is a generall way of enclosing Garden groundes with small coste and easily performed Although the comlier inclosure or Hedge for a Garden be the same whiche is made of the white Thorne artly layed that in fewe yeares with diligence cut waxeth so thicke and strong that hardly any person can enter into the ground sauing by the Garden dore Yet in sundry Garden grouÌ„ds be hedges framed with the Pryuet tree although farre weaker in resistance which at this day are made y e stroÌ„ger through the yearely cutting bothe aboue and by the sides yea the same also caused through the like doyng to grow the euener and thicker to the beautifiyng of the Garden grounde and for other necessarie purposes To conclude I haue here vttered the making of certaine naturall inclosures for a Garden whiche may with the meanest coste be erected in any ground The cause why certayne skilfull husbandmen in Auncient time misliked the dunging of Gardens neere to the house and what dung best allowed for kitchin or pothearbes Chap. 9. THere were in Auncient tyme as Plinie reporteth certayne wittiâ— husband men that wholly refused and forbadde the dunging of Gardens placed nighe to the dwelling houses in that this dungyng might not onely infect the ayre thereabout but cause also the crescente things to proue both vnsauerier and more corrupt And in this matter the worthy writers of Husbandrie commended highly the Greeke Poete Hesiodus which writing very cunningly of husbandry omitted the dunging of the fieldes Garden plottes contented rather to councell vnto healthfulnesse thaÌ„ willed y e same to fertilitie In somuch as it was supposed inough at that time to haue fatned the fieldes and Garden plottes with the leaues and emptie coddes of the Beanes Peason Tares and such like turned workemanly in with the earth in due season of the yeare and not to haue imployed or dunged the ground with a rotten and pestilent matter incommodiouse to Man the Plantes Whiche wise men haue well founde out in that the sowen Plantes sprung vp in such an earth yeelde for the more parte a harmefull qualitie to the dayly feeders on them hardly to be amended Yet for that neyther the Auncient nor later husband men seeme to follow the instruction of this precept nor approue or allow any proper dunging in prescribing and commending the same in generall for that cause I here purpose to intreate in a briefe maner of the nature and vse of the same But first of all to warne you that a good and battle grounde needeth small dunging where a drie and thinne or leane earth in contrarie maner requyreth plentie of dung A earth onely drie as Maro reporteth well ioyeth to be often fed and diligently laboured with fat dung But the grounde that hath a meane substance in it requireth in like maner a meane dunging to be vsed Further conceyue that good dung doth for the more part procure a good and battle earth the better yea this helpeth and amendeth the euill and naughtie earth But the euil dung in a contrarie maner doth euermore cause al earthes the worser And this behoueth the Gardiner and husbande man â—o knowe that as the earth not dunged is both colde and stiffe euen so the grouÌ„d by the ouermuch dunging may be burned altogither For which cause Columella reporteth that more auaylable and better it is often to dung the earth than ouermuch at one time to bestow in the ground The earth digged vp to serue for the spring ought to be dunged in the waine or decrease of the Moone about S. Martyns day that the same lying all the Winter through may so be desolued
this wâ—â—deth them cleane away The Plants or Herbes will not after be gnawen or harmed by Garden fleas if with the naturall remedie as with the Herbe Rocket the Gardener shall bestowe his beddes in many places The â—â—â—â—wortes and all pot Herbes are greatly defended from the gnawing of the Garden fleas by the Radishe growing among them And the worthy Anatolius in hiâ— Greeke instructions of HusbaÌ„drie affirmeth the like so that some bitter fitches bee also bestowed with the Radish in beddes And this Seede committed in beddes with the Radish and Rape doth greatly auayle as the auntient witnesse of experience The eagâ—e or sharp vinegre doth also preuayle tempered wyth the Juice of Hâ—â—banâ— and sprinckled on those Garden fleas To these the water in whiche the Herbe Nigella Romana shall bee stieped for a night and sprinckled on the plantes as the Greeke Pamphilus reporteth doth like preuaile against the Garden fleas If from other creeping things the Gardener would defend y e Seedes committed to the Eâ—â—th from being gnawen or harmed let him stiepe those Seedes for a night as I afore vttered before the sowing in the Juice of the Sengâ—ene or Houselecke which Seedes also the Gardener shall preserue vngnawen if hee bestowe of them in the shell of that Snayle which I suppose to bee the same named the Tortuise as the former Authour Anatolius writeth in whiche place I may not omiâ—te the same practise of the skilfull Paladius Rutilius who reporteth that the noysome vermine or creeping thyngs will not breede of the Pot-Hearbes if the Gardener shall before the committing to the Earthe drye all the Seedes in the skynne of the Tortuese or sowe the Herbe Minte in many places of the Garden especially among Colewortes The bitter Fitche and Rocket as I afore vttered bestowed among the Pot Hearbes so that the Seedes be sowen in the first quarter of the Moone doe greately auaile As vnto the Canker and Palmer wormes belongeth which in many places worke great iniurie both to Gardens and Uines may the owner or Gardener driue away with the Figge tree ashes sprinckled on them and the Herbes There beâ—some whiche sprinckle the plantes and Hearbes with the â—â—e made of the Fâ—gge Tree ashes but to destroy these Wormes to strowe as experience reporteth the ashes alone on them There be others which rather will to plant or sowe that bigge Onyon named in Latine Scilla or Squilla heere and there in beddes or hang them in sundry places of the Garden Others also will to fixe riuer Creuisses with nayles in many places of the Garden which if they shall yâ—â— withstand or contend wyth all these remedies then may the gardener apply or exercise this deuice in taking the Oxe or Cowe Urine and the mother of Oyle Oliue which after the wel mixing togither and heating ouer the fire the same be stirred about vntill it be hote and when through colde this mixture shall be sprinckleâ— on the Pot Hearbes and Trees dothe maruellously preuayle as the skilfull Anatolius of experience deporteth The singular Plinie in his practises vttereth that those harmefull Wormes touched with bloudy râ—ddes are likewise driuen away The worthy Paladius Rutilius reporteth that if the owneâ— oâ— Gardener burne greate bundels of the Garlike blades without heads dryed through all the Alleys of the Garden vnto these the dung of Backes added that the sauoure of the â—â—â—â—ke by the help of the wâ—â—de may bee driuen to many places especially to those where they most abound and swarme and the Gardener shall see so speedie a destruction as is to bee wondered at That worthy Plinie of great knowledge reporteth that these maye be driuen from the Pot Hearbes if the bitter Fitche Seedes be mixed and sowen togyther with them or to the branches of Trees Creuâ—sses hanged vp by the hornes in many places doth like preuayle These also are letted from encreasing yea they in heapes presently gathered are destroyed as the Greekes report of obseruation If the Gardener by taking certaine Palmer or Canker Wormes out of the Garden nexte ioyning shall seeth them in water with Dill and the same beyng thorough colde shall sprinckle on the Hearbes or trees that the mixture may wet and soke through the Neastes euen vnto the yong ones cleauing togither that they may tast thereof will speedily dispatche them But in this doing the Gardener must be very warie and haue an attentiue eye that none of the mixture fall on his face nor hands Besides these the owner or Gardener may vse this remedie certaine and easily prepared if aboute the bigge armes of Trees or stemmes of the Hearbes he kindle and burne the stronger Lime and Brimstone togyther Or if the owner make a smoke with the Musheromes growing vnder the Nutte tree or burne the houses of Gotes or the gumme Galbanum or else make a smoke with the Hartes horne the winde aiding by blowing towardes them There bee also some which infuse the Uine ashes in water for three dayes with whiche they after sprinckle abundantly both the Herbes and Trees Manye beddes make soft the Seedes stiâ—ped before theyr committing to the Earth in the Lye made of the fygge ashes The Husbandmen and Gardeners in our time haue found out this easie practise being now common euery where which is on his wiâ—e that when these after shoures of Rayne are cropen into the warme Sunne or into places standing againste the Sunne may earely in the morning shake eyther the fruites and leaues of the Pot Hearbes or the â—â—ughes of the trees for these as yet 〈◊〉 through the colde of the night are procured of the same the â—â—ghtlyer and sooneâ— to fall nor able after to recouer vp againe so that the Palmer Wormes thus lying on the ground are then in a readinesse to the killing of the Gardener If the owner minde to destroy anye other creeping thyngs noyous to Hearbes and Trees whyche Palladius and Ruellius name both Herbe and Leeke wasters then lette hym harken to this inuention deuise of y e Greeke Dyophanes who willeth to purchase y e Mawe of a Wether Sheepe newe killed and the same as yet full of his excrementall filth which lightly couer with earthe in the same place where these most haunt in the Garden for after two dayes shal the Gardener finde there that y e Mothes with long bodyes and other creeping things wil bee gathered in diâ—ers companies to the place right ouer it whiche the owner shall eyther remoue and carrie further or digge and burie verye deepe in the same place that they may not after arise or come forthe whiche when the Gardener shall haue exercised the same but twice or thrice hee shall vtterly extinguishes and quite destroy all the kindes of creeping things that annoy and spoyle the Garden plantes The HusbandmeÌ„ in Flanders arme the stockes and compasse the bigger armes of their trees with wispes of Strawe handsomly made and fastned or bound about by whiche the Palmer wormes are constreyned to creepe
after thys maner Lay saith he the fatte of the Harte in the Garden Earth or else burie the Centorie roote or the Geate stone or else the Eagle or Kytes dung and the serpentes wil refuse the grounde or at least not come neare the place and euery venemous worme wilbe driuen away if the Gardener by taking Nigella Pelitorie Galbanum of the Hartes horne Hysope Brimstone Peucedanum and the Goates houfes shall diligently bring these to ponder and infuing the whole for a time in the strongest vineger shall after make little balles of the myxture with which through dried cause a sauoure and a smoke For through the sauour of these matters sparsed in the Ayre all creeping vermine wil eyther hastely for the great feare forsake the ground or dye there incontinent The same Authoure Florentinus reporteth that the serpents may like be gathered on an heape into an olde deepe poudering Tubbe as fish into a wele or bownette if the same bee deepe set about that place of the Garden or field where these most lurke and haunte for after the speedie resorting of these to the brincke of it they fall willingly in not able after to recouer themselues out Plinie writing of the withye named Siler reporteth this that the serpents refuse both the tree and fruite for whiche cause the husband men made them staues of the woode to carrie about with them But this by a most certaine experience or trial proued and confirmed that by making a smoke with old shoes burned the serpents incontinent speed away nor these only flye out of the Garden ground fielde or house but suche as are enterd into men by dead sleape in the sommer in sleeping open mouthed or with open mouth in the fielde do like come forth with the sayd smoke Which matter Marcus Gatinaria a famouse Phisitiō confirmeth who reporteth that the like hapned to a certayne man in his time to whom after infinite medicynes and most effectuous remedies were ministered and none of them preuailed at the last this imployed fel out most luckylie and wonderful of all the others in burning the leather of olde shoes and receiuing bothe smoke and sauor by a Tunnel into y e body For assoone as this hidious beast which was a mighty Adder felt the sauour of this smoke he was seene to the standers about to come forth by the fundament to y e mighty astonishment wonder of al the beholders And this worthy secrete easie to bee prepared I thought here good to place that the same a like case happening might be profitable to euerie person But in this place is not to be omitted y t serpents greatly hate the fyre not for the same cause that this dulleth their sight but bycause the natrue of fire is to resist poison These also hate the strong sauoure far flying which the Garlik redde Onyons procure They loue the Sauine tree the Juie and Fennel as Todes do the Sauge and Snakes the Herbe Rocket But they are mightily displeased and sorest hate the Ashe tree insomuche that the serpents neither to the morning nor longest euening shadows of it wil draw neere but rather shun the same flye far off As a like matter Plynie reporteth was on a time proued by inclosing a serpent within the large cyrcle made of greene Ashetree leaues in the middle of which a quicke fire made to the terroure of the serpent for that ende to proue whether she had rather runne ouer the Cyrcle than drawe neare to the fire which neuerthelesse the fire kindling more dna more at the laste rather crepte to the fire where hee peryshed tnha by any meanes woulde drawe neare to the Cyrcle of the Ashetree leaues Yet here learne the maruelous benignitie of nature which permitteth not the serpents to come forth of the Earth before the Ashe tree buddeth forth nor to hide them agayne before the leaues fal off The singular Poete Virgil sayth that the smoke made of Rosen or Galbanum doeth hastilye chaste and driue the serpents away These hytherto vttered for the driuing awaye and killing of serpentes But here was almost forgotten that y e leaues of Ferne do chase away the serpent for which cause many skilful thinke it profitable eyther to sowe or strawe the Ferne in suche places where the serpentes haunte The Neapolitane Rutilius addeth that if the leaues of the same bee burned they wyth the sauoure onely wyll flee or creepe hastylye awaye yea and force them to chaunge theyr lodgings farre from the Garden grounde or fielde Here a doubt may be made whether the same be to purpose here to recite that the worthy Albertus reporteth of the rounde Aristolochia wyth the field Frog and a certaine proportion of writing Incke diligently laboured and mixed with these to make the Serpentes immediately to quayle as deade if any of the myxture bee written wythall and throwen before them But I thinke it highe time to come vnto the remedies whiche are both readie and easy to be prepared If that any shal be bitten of a serpent vnlesse hee haue a Feuer and dryncketh a certaine quantitie of the iuyce of the Ashe leaues with pleasaunt white wine and applyeth also of the freshe leaues on the place bitten shall in short time see a worthy secret greatly to be maruelled at and by happy successe proued of many Here briefly to conclude if the Gardener bestoweth the fresh elder floures where the Serpents dayly haunte they will hastily departe the place yea these by reporte artely bestowed in the Garden ground do in short time destroy the Mothes the Cākerwormes and Palmers breading in trees The other helpes and remedies necessarie to be vttered in this Chapiter shall in apte places be declared in the seconde part where we purpose to intreate particularly of most Hearbes growing in the Garden The laudable deuises and cunning helpes against the Scorpions Todes Gardenmyse Weasels and al other greater beasts wasting and corrupting aswel the kitchin Hearbes as fruites Chap. 30. PLinie reporteth that if slippes of the greene Heliotropium bee sette rounde about the place where the Scorpions frequente that they wil not after creepe thence But if the owner either lay on or strew vpon the Scorpions the whole Herbe they incontinent as he affirmeth die That skilfull writer Diophanes in his Greeke commentaries of Husbandrie vttereth and the like many other that the freshe Radish eyther layed or strewed on the Scorpions killeth them incontinent To these if any annoynteth the hands circumspectly with the iuyce of the Radish he may after handle Scorpions or any other venemouse thing without daunger This Authour further addeth that a smoke made with Saudaracha and better or the fatte of a Goate wil driue away both them and other venemouse things and by burning one Scorpion al the others flye forth of the ground If any boyleth the Scorpion that stung hym or any other in Oyle and annoynteth the sore place wyth the same it shal greatly auayle The lyke commeth to
or rather rosted vnder hotte imbers which after the Artly mixing with old Barrowes grease be in plaister forme applyed to the dayly griefes of the flanckes or sides doth in shorte time preuayle The iuyce of the Coleworte myxed wyth the oyle of Roses and applyed to the foreheade doth remoue the headache procured by heate of the Sun To this Coleworte boyled if you mixe the oyle of Almonds and Juyce of the sweete Pome Granate the same vsed doth in shorte time deliuer a drie coughe The Colewort after the opinion of certaine skilful Phisitions is founde to be harde in digestion swelleth the Bellie harmeth the flewmaticke in that the same increaseth humors and harmeth women hauing the redde course on them for so muche as the same increaseth such a fluxe If you would drie a moyst bellie then after the Colewortes be halfe sodden by pouring forth al the first in a manner poure in other warme water speedily which like boyle againe vntill the Coleworte in thys seething shal be tender and softe and in eating season it with a little pepper and salt but this may not be handled on such wise if you wold vse it for loosing of the bellie for then after the shifting of it out of the first hot licour into a panne standing fast by with oyle and a little salte prepared you must boyle againe vnto the tyme the same be readie The commended benefites of the distilled water of Colewortes THe leaues of the greene and common Coleworte are to bee distilled in a fayre and apte tyme aboute the beginnyng of June This water ministred or receiued vnto the quantitie of three ounces at a time morning and euening stayeth womeÌ„s reddes The distilled water of the Coleworte profiteth the byrth of chyld when the time of deliuerie is at hande if a Napkin wete in it be applyed often to the nose to smel vnto for by that meanes may shee happily be delyuered The like quantitie druncke healpeth the dropping of the vryne And druncke vnto the quantitie of three ounces at a time morning and euening stayeth a loose Bellie The Phisicke helpes of the water of the redde Coleworte THe leaues of the redde Coleworte gathered are to bee distilled in the ende of May. This water drunke in the morning fasting vnto the quantitie of sixe or seuen ounces at a time softneth a harde belly and three ounces at a time vsed for a moneth togither putteth awaye the gyddynesse of the heade thys water profiteth againste the Apoplexie and convulsion or Cramp in the members either drunck or annoynted on the greeued places This water helpeth the trembling and quiueryng of members if those bee often rubbed and suppled with it and the water suffered to drye these into partes by it selfe The linnen clothes wet in it applyed on inflame 〈◊〉 putteth away the heate and ceasseth or â—â—ageth the swâ—llingâ— and orderly drunke healeth vlcers both within and without the body so that the vlcers without be applyed with linnen cloâ—â—â—s both morning and euening What worthy instructions to be conceyâ—ed in the sowing and ordering of the Beete for the Poâ—te Chapter 2. THe Beete more often eaten at poore mens tables ought to be bestowed in a most fatte Earthe and sowen at any season but rather the Seedes to be committed to the Earth abouâ— the middle of December and vnto Marche and like in August to possesse Seedes which may indure for three yeares The Seedes ought rather to be thicke than thinne sowen in beâ—dde and shot vp to some growth as that four or fyue leaues be sprung aboue the Earth then in the Summer time the plantes are to be remoued if the beddes afore were moystned or wet with floures as the singular Columella writeth but if the grounde bee drie in the Haruest time then to remoue them where shoures lately fell and softned the Earth The Beete loueth or ioyeth to be often digged about and to be fedde with much dung for which cause the yong plantes to be sette againe ought after the endes of the rootes cut off and the toppes of the leaues clipped to be striked or annoynted about with newe Cow Dung and then bestowed in beddes a good distance asunder which after the plants be more growen vp to be diligeÌ„tly weeded about and the vnprofitable weedes throwen away for by that meanes they growe the fayrer and bigger being as I said bestowed in fatte Earthe and well dunged The Beete may be caused to growe bigge and brode as â—ostion in his Greeke instructions of Husbandrâ—e affirmeth if before the Beete shall be growen vp into a stemme and shot forth in stalkes the owner lay vpon y e head a brode Tile Posthard or some other thing of waight to presse the toppe gently downe for by that practise or meanes in the waightie bearing downe the Beete is caused to spreade into a breadth with the leaues The Beete becommeth the whiter and farre greater if the Husbandly Gardener annoynte or couer the roote with newe Oxe or Cowe dung and that hee cutte the roote and toppe of the yong Bete â–ª as the Leeke handled before the setting and after a bigger growth to pâ—asse it downe as afore vttered To haue the Beete growe redde water the plant with redde Wyne Lyes or set the same in a hote place where the Sunne dayly shineth long The Beete rosted in Imbers taketh away the stincking smell and sauoure of Garlike eaten if the same be eaten vpon or after the Garlike as the Greeke Menander hath noted Thys is maruellous to heare by the Seede of the Beete that it yeeldeth not the whole perfection or perfite Seedes in the first yeare but an increase in Seedes somewhat more the seconde yeare and in the third yeare a full perfection from the first sowing And Plinie reporteth that the Beete speedieâ— commâ—th forwarde with the olde Seede than with newe for whiche cause the matter demanded of a skilfull Gardener reported of experience that the Seedes of the Beete to sowe ought not to be gathered before the Beete had borne a thirde yeare after the first sowing of which Seedes sowen in due time of the Mone the best Beetes come and this not to be forgotten that when the tast of Wine through the Colewort as afore vttered is corrupted in the vessell the same againe by the sauoure of the Beete as through the leaues put into it is recouered These hitherto of the Beete The Phisicke benefytes of the Beete FIrst all the kindes of the Beete haue a cold moyst qualitie and the white Beete as Diphilus the Husbandly Phisition reporteth looseth the bellie and the redde Beete moueth or prouoketh vryne Galen affirmeth this Beete to be endued with a nytrous qualitie through which it both purgeth and clenseth filth whiche vertue is more effectuous in the white in so muche that it causeth the bellie laxatiue and purgeth the body of euill humors yet the fame passed to the stomacke byteth and plucketh it The iuice of the common Beete drunke
louseth the bellie but the same harmeth the stomacke in pinching or biting it especially those persons whiche haue a tender and delicate stomacke so that the Herbe is better commended sodden than the rawe iuice vsed The iuice of the Beete mixed with the oyle of bitter Almonds after the heating in a sawcer supped or drawen vp into the nosethrills doth greately healp the stopping of y e nose recouer smelling thorough the purging or clensing of the head The roote of the Beete boyled in water and three or foure droppes of the licoure dropped into the eares doth remoue the rage and paine of the. And the iuice of the Beete rubbed in the gummes doth aswage the raging of them The iuice of the rawe Beete annointed on any bald place of the head procureth y e heare to growe and killeth Lyse The decoction of the leaues and rootes doe also clense the head of Nules and Dandrie The Beete after the tender boyling â–ª applyed on Whelâ—es and blisters of skalding or burning doth in short time heale them The iuice of the Beete drunke with Cumin or Dyll Seedes remoueth the gripings of the Bellie The blacke or redde Beete boyled with the pulse Lentiles and the same receyued stayeth a loose Bellie whiche as I aboue said the white Beete looseth This white Beete also â—â—dden and eaten with raw Garlike doth driue away the Wormes of the Bellie The Beete boyled healpeth the obstructions or stoppings of the Liuer more than the great Mallowes or hollie Oke doth especially when the same is eaten with Mustard or Uinegre and eaten in like manner as with Mustard or Uinegre dothe maruellously aswage and healp the corrupted Splene The iuice auaileth against the holy 〈◊〉 Sâ—ingles This Herbe is rather eaten after this manner for Phisicke causes than for nourishment in that there is but a small nourishment of this as of all other Pot Hearbes whiche to the full eaten of at a time or often eaten dothe not only grype and bite the stomacke but encreaseth euill humors as wel in the healthfull as sicke persons The speciall effectes of the distilled water of the white Beetes THe time of the destilling of this Herbe is in the ende of June and that both the leaues and stalkes togither The newe water of the white Beete drunke morning and euening vnto the quantitie of foure ounces at a time dothe maruellously preuayle againste the Sunne in that the same consumeth it This quantitie like drunke preuayleth against the griefe of the Stone in that it purgeth the Loynes and Kidneis Thâ—â— ceasseth the â—â—xing paine of ioy 〈◊〉 aches by applying wette clothes on the â—late◠〈…〉 it What fate draweâ— and 〈◊〉 to be learned in the sowing and setting of the Blete Chapter 3. THere are two kindes of this Blete as the white and the redde or blacke both at this day very well knowen through their growing as common in the field as Garden The stalkes and leaues of the redde waxe so redde in the growing that they appeare as dyed with a scarlet coloure but after a further growth in time these from that coloure are changed into a purple and at length waxe blacke of y e eye of which the same also is named o◠〈◊〉 the blacke Bleete The roote besides of this Hearbe in the breaking appeareth so redde as any bloud The white Blete possesseth or rather â—â—â—deth forthe branches and leaues like to the Beete and the same without any sharpnes or biting being vnsauerie and eche is of the same coÌ„dition that it spedely springeth in the Garden as Plinie reporteth And the white or redde Blete may be sowen in any earth but rather in a well dressed ground in the moneth of March as the skilfull Neapolitane Ruellius willeth whiche strongly growen in the Earthe or fully come vp continueth and yearely reneweth of it selfe without any proper sowing so that in time this so taketh roote by the seedes yearely falling that the Gardener after can hardely weede the same out of hys ground if he would wherefore this once sowen in a fertile Earth prospereth many yeares by the yearely yeride and falling of the Seedes and requireth neyther raking nor weeding about it as the worthy Palladius reporteth The Phisicke healpes and commodities of the Blete THe worthy Galen in his Booke â—span writeth that the Blete is a Pot Hearbe much and often eaten of the sâ—â—pler â—â—te and in qualitie colde and moyst This as Plinie writeth is thought to be vnprofitable to y e stomacke and so much molesting the bellie â—hat in some â—hâ—s moueth and causeth the Choller to increase 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉 Yâ—â— this moueth also vomitings with gripings of the Bellie 〈…〉 and stirred vp which by the dayly or too much eating of it at a time proceedeth yet the Blete of practise knowen dothe lesse harme the stomacke and bellie if the first water powred forth and the softe Herbe put into a Panne bee fryed with Oyle or Butter and a little Salte added or Uinegre and so eaten But this notwithstanding may not bee often eaten nor to the ful at a time for somuch as this of experience knoweÌ„ procureth vomiting and engendreth paine in the stomacke griping in the bowels and to be laxatiue through the mouing of Choller And in the eating also this is to bee remembred that the Hearbe bee not eaten with Oyle alone and a little Salte but rather with Uinegre added for the more parte in y t the same otherwise is knowen to be enimie to the stomacke This Hearbe as aboue vttered hath a propertie in softning the Bellie especially wheÌ„ the force of it is encreased by some other slipperie and clammie matter These hitherto Galen This notwithstanding drunke in Wine as Plinie reporteth preuayleth against the bitte of a Scorpion and layed in playster forme on the thicke skinne of the feete and in like manner for the beating payne of the Temples and with Oyle on the Milte doth greately profite And the worthy Hipocrates writeth that the same eaten in the manner as afore taughte doth restrayne or stay the Tearmes These hitherto Plinie What diligence and skill is required in the sowing and setting of the Garden Arage Chapter 4. THe Garden Orage for the Potte ought by the agreement of the skilfull to bee sowen in the Moneth of March and Aprill and in y e other Monethes following vnto Haruest the apt seasons and times heerein considered But in some places are the Seedes bestowed in the Moneth of December in a well dressed and dunged Earthe and the plantes better prosper being thinne sowen These also may bee sowen by themselues in beddes and togither with other Herbes and they alwayes desire to be cut or broken off with an iron instrumente that they ceasse not yeelding forth of yong The Orache ioyeth in the often watering if the season and ground be very drie The Seedes of the Arage ought diligently to bee couered incontinent after they are bestowed in the Earthe and the rootes of the Hearbes to
sweet Almonds or in any other pleasant iuyce or lycour whiche after the drying in the aire from the Sun beames he coÌ„mitteth them to the earth for on suche wise handled the fruites yelde the same sauour as the licour in whiche the seedes were soked and receiued For by a lyke example the heades shall sauour of the bay if the owner stiâ—pe them with the leaues of the Bay tree or he otherwise making holes bestowe the seedes within the bay berries before the coÌ„mitting to the earth And a lyke practise maye he exercise in all seedes that be greate The fruits of the herbe named the Artochoke wil become swete and delectable in the eating if y e owner before the coÌ„mitting of the sedes to the earth doe stiâ—pe them for two or three days either in new milk honey sugred water or wine aromatized and after the drying in the aire doth then bestow them in beds a foot distance one from the other The Artochocks be set in Haruest which is about the moneth of October that these may yeld plentie of fruits or heads ought to be those bearing big leaues stalkes wyth big stems growne or shot vp in the middes which big leaues after serue to none other purpose but to be broken froÌ„ the bodies and the plants to be bestowed agayn in beds with y e stems in like maner cut off and cast away as seruing to no vse well tourned in with dung these set in such maner that the tendrer leaues grow vptight the stemmed in y e middle being low broken off to be diligently couered with light earth And herin the Gardener must haue a care to y e watering of them at times nedeful if the seasons sufficieÌ„tly moyst not either in the winter or in any other time of the yeare to set forward or procure spedily the Artochockes to come set again the tender plants in well dunged beddes couering them well aboute with Ashes and black earth the better to beare suffer the cold Winter tyme which in the yeare followyng will yelde newe fruites Many skilfull Authours write that if the leaues of the Artochoke be well couered in the grounde aboute the beginning of Winter they will after become not only white but pleasâ—unter in the eating whereby to serue among the Winter meates Here I thinke it profitable to the owner to know that the big leaues or braunches ought yeerely to be broken off from the olde stemmes or bodies leaste the elder in their yeelde might bee hindred and the yonger plantes in farther distances set that these may prosper and sende forthe their fruites the better for suche is the fruitefull and plentyfull yeelde of this Plante that the braunches or great leaues broken off from the tender stemmes and set againe in the earth will after cleaue ioyne togither as certaine reporte and oftentimes to yeelde in the same yere both the stemme outward roughnes wyth prickes on it The skilfull writers of the Greeke Husbandrie will that the owner or Gardner in the opening and digging away of the Earth to cut them vp with a sharpe hooke leauing some part of the roote in the earth which so pulled vp and annointing the roote with softe dung set again in a well labored grouÌ„d turned in with olde dung wel three foote a sunder often water them when the drye season commeth vntill the plantes shall bee sufficientlye strengthned in the Earthe Those which the Gardner mindeth to let run or growe vnto Seede such shall hee separate from all the yong plantes as Palladius willeth and couer the heads eyther with a thinne Potshard or Barke of a tree in that the Seedes â—â—e commonly woâ—te to bee corrupted through the Sunne or shoures of Raine and by that meanes these to perishe and come to no vse whiche if the Seedes be eyther burnt with the Sunne or putrifyed with the moysture of shoures will after yeeld to the Gardener no commoditie in the bestowing in the Earth The owner or Gardener may not gather the fruites of the Artochokes all at one time for asmuche as the heads ripen not togither but one after the other so that the owner ought then to gather the fruites when as these onely haue floures belowe in forme of a Garlande and not before that time wherefore if the Gardener doe stay vntill all the floures be shedde the fruites will be the worser and lesser delectable in the eating The Gardener must carefully looke vnto that the Mice haunt not to the rootes of the Artochokes for once allured through the pleasaunte tast of them they after resort in great number from farre places to the maruellous spoyle of the rootes as the Greeke Varro in his worthy instructions of Husbandrie hathe diligently noted yet not leauing the same without a healpe and remedie for he reporteth that the sharp assault and enterprise of them is withstanded and driuen awaye if the Gardener eyther lappe Woolle aboute the rootes or Swynes dung or bestowe the Figgetree ashes in like manner about them The Moles in like manner doe maruellously harme and be iniurious to the rootes in so muche that through their often casting and hollowing of the ground the whole plantes are procured to fall or leane through feeblenesse in the Earth for remedie of whiche annoyance the Gardener may eyther bring vppe and learne a yong Catte or tame a Weesill to hunt dayly in those places There be which 〈…〉 plantes of the Artochoke in a fall and drie grounde to the ende the Moles should not so lightly in their working ouerthrowe them The owner whiche woulde vnderstande and knowe other healpes let him resort vnto those experiments whiche wee haue vttered in the first part The Phisicke benefites and helpes of the Artochoke THe Artochocke eaten greene or rawe with vineger reformeth the sauoure of the mouth The Eared and scalie kernels cleauing or sticking round about the heade being tenderly boyled after the manner of the Sperage from which after the licoure poudered the Eares agayne boyled with Butter and seasoned with vineger and Salte doe yeelde a delectable sauce with meate right profitable There be some which rather eate the Eares 〈◊〉 than sodden being afore prepared with Salte and the fine pouder of Pepper or Coliander seedes strawed vpon for by that meanes as they affyrme is the natural sweetnesse of them more kindly and delectably represented and felte Certain reporte that the Eares only steeped in wine to cause vrine and moue the venerial act as the worthy Hesiodus reporteth whiche as Ruellius hath noted at the bearing of the floure the Grashoppers then do lowdest sing and women greediest to the venerial acte but men at the same time flowst The roote after cleane scraping and keping forth of the Pyth boyled in wine and drunke not onlye amendeth the hardnesse of making water but the ranke sauoure stinking smel of the Armeholes which Xenocrates affirmeth of experience to send forth on such wise y e stincke in the vrine caused
of each a like waight to which the oyle of Camomil and Hony in like proportioÌ„ added the same applyed warme to the womans priuie place doth on such wise purge the Matrice y t she may after conceiue with child And in the proper purgings of the women as Plinie reporteth the decoction of the Hearbe in water somuche preuayleth that it draweth forthe the dead yongling The iuyce of the Herbe boyled and ministred looseth the bellye helpeth the Liuer kydneys and stomacke boyled in vineger remoueth the vexing payne of the vryne yea the kings euill applyed with Milke or water and Hony if it be without a Feuer The Cychorie taken with vineger as Discorides reporteth is profitable to the stomacke for that the same in meate aswageth y e heate and infirmities of the same And by it selfe applyed and with barlye meale layed playster wise on the regyon of the heart greatly helpeth in the plague and burning Agues the same is to be vsed to great purpose It also qualifieth Pestilent pushes if the water of y e decoction of y e same be applyed on the places with linnen clothes The floure throwen into a pismyers hyl soone after becommeth as red as bloud Thys Herbe boyled in wine and taken with meate is verye profitable to the stomack in that the same helpeth digestioÌ„ the floures brused with the rootes and applyed in plaister fourme on the Goute doe incoÌ„tynente aswage the paine of the same proceeding of heate This playster applyed on the Shingles doth maruellously â–ª remoue the mightye heate The commended vertues of the distilled water both of the Endyue and Cychorie THe time aptest for the distilling of Endiue is in the end of May the leaues before the distilling plucked from the stemmes and finely shredde The Endiue water drunk vnto y e quantite of two ounces at a time both morning and euening profiteth the straightnes and stopping of the breast in the same maner drunk is auailable to women with childe in that thys both strengthneth them and amendeth senses The Endyue water mixed with the water of Plantein Rose water and the white Sief without Opium of which an oyntement made after arte doth in short time recouer vlcers distempered of a hot matter and especially those hapning on the priuities The sayd water with the iuyce of the Marche Mallowe rootes oyle of Roses and Camomil Saffron barlie meale the yolkes of Egges mixed altogither ouer the fire and applyed in plaister forme is a preseÌ„t remedy both for the Goute of the handes and feete The Endiue water drunke vnto the quantity of foure or fiue ounces at a tyme both morning and euening recouereth the plague repelleth or putteth away the kings euil ceasseth thirst in good quantity drunke aswageth the heate of the Liuer This helpeth the stitch in the side and pricking felte about the heart drunke vnto the quantitie of three or foure ounces at a time both morning euening a lynneÌ„ cloth or bolster of hempe applyed on a hot Liuer qualifieth the heate or in what part of y e body the like hapneth but as the linnen clothes waxe drye euermore to wet them in this water The best time for distilling the Cichorie is in the middle of Maye the herbe roote to be finely shred before the distilling in a tin Limberâ—â— The water of Cychory drunke vnto the quantitie of two ounces at a time both morning and euening and at Noone or taken with drinck in this manner remoueth the heate of the stomacke This drunke in the like maner or applyed with linnen clothes on the region of the Hearte both comforteth and strengthneth the heart and stomacke And as this applied w t linneÌ„ clothes on the Liuer aswageth the heate of it so it openeth the stopping of the same This drunk in the sayd maner preserueth the creature from the plague This like auayleth for carbuncles eyther drunke or applyed with linnen clothes on the places this also often drunke stayeth the rysing of the lungs vnto the throte and stoppeth the perillous flixe Disenteria The water in like quantitie drunke openeth the stopping of the Liuer Mylte this gargelled in the mouth and drunke helpeth the swelling of the Vuula and throte it helpeth also wasted members if those be often bathed with the same and drunk in like condition or applyed with linnen clothes helpeth the bit of a venemous beast The floures after y e gathering in y e morning distilled in Balneo Mariae and orderly applyed serueth vnto dyuerse impediments of the eyes as vnto the vlcers of them the mistynes or dymnesse of sight the Pynne web and spottes in the eyes and vnto many other like griefes What care skil and secretes to be learned in the sowing and workmanly ordering of the Lettuce Chap. 15. THe Garden Lettuce desireth a wel laboured ground fat moyst and dunged appearing for the more part by the fourth daye aboue the Earth so that the Seede in the Earth be not burned of the sun or the ground vnfruiteful The seed may be committed to the earth al the yere through if the place for the growing shal be battle dunged and moyst The seedes may be sowen in beds thicke togither and in the moneth of March or beginning of April in that the tender plantes can not indure the nipping frostes nor colde ayre Those seedes whych the owner bestoweth in beddes in the moneth of September will so be hardned for the winter time that the plantes may well endure to bee remoued and set at any tyme and watred for two or three days togither vnlesse these be otherwise moystned with the dayly and sweete shoures of the ayre And in committing of the seedes to the Earth the owner oughte to haue a care for watering of the beddes leaste the heate consisting in the dung breatheth or casteth the seedes forth of the earth The plantes râ—sen or sprong vppe well foure or fiue leaues aboue the Earth ought then to bee remoued and sette agayne into a fatte grounde a good distaunce one from the other and to water them well at the rootes so that it freese not nor the season bee veryâ— hotte The owner or Gardener maye not remoue to sette agayne the small or common Lettuces but the greate whyche wyll become crisped and thicke named of diuerse the Romayne Lettuce that yeeldeth whyte and farre bigger seedes these if the Gardener bestoweth agayne in Beddes wyll shoote vppe farre fayrer and greater in Touffâ— and in taste pleasaunter if hee especially breake awaye the firste leaues before the setting of them in Beds for as much as the first or outward stalks haue much milke in theÌ„ which wil lightly become bitter through the heate of the Sunne If the owner would possesse fayre and whit Leettuces he ought to bynde the leaues vp togither with a threede well two dayes before the plucking vppe â–ª and setting againe in other Beddes whych so done he must straw thicke ouer with riuer or sea saÌ„d which the worthy Plinie
whiche cannot quietly sleepe this annointed on the Temples of the heade and pâ—â—â—ses of the hands procureth sleepe The water druncke 〈◊〉 women lacking milke if they eyther take it alone or in drinke 〈…〉 suche wise this procureth store of milke in the Breastes The water ceasseth and amendeth a hotte and drye coughe taken in drinke mollifyeth the throate clenseth the breaste and tungs ceasseth thirste â–ª tempeteth the heate of the stomacke lyuer and kidneys this besides in good quantitie taken looseth the belly What care and skill requyred in the sowing and ordering of the purselane and Rocket Chap. 16. THe Garden Purselan how diligeÌ„tly the same is bestowed so muche the larger it spreadeth on the earth and yeeldeth the thicker leafe This desireth to bee sowen in Februarye Marche Aprill Maye and June and in no other times for this hearbe cannot well endure the colde season This plentifullye yeeldeth and spreadeth â—eing bestowed in beds well turned in with olde dung or in grounde very fat of it selfe or otherwise sowen amongest Colewortes Onions Leekes And after these haue ioyed a yere in the Garden they will yearely come vp wythout paynes to the Gardner of the owne accord yet the hearbes desire euery yere to be often watered to the ende that these maye yeelde the bygger Tufâ—â— and thicker leafe The Seedes ought to be â—owen vnder the shadowe of Trees and in an Harboure where trees growe not too thicke for these otherwise bestowed vnder a thicke shadowe growe thinne and small of leafe The Purselane is one of the Garden hearbes serued firste in Sallets wyth Oyle Uineger and a little Salte aswell at the meane as riche mens tables yea thys for a dainty dish with many serued firste at the table in the winter time preserued after thys manner The greatest stemmes and leaues of the Purselane wythout rootes were gathered in that the smaller stiâ—ped lightly decayed and withered and these wyth water clearely and throughlye clensed from the fyne Sande hanging on and the fâ—lthe or corrupte leaues if any suche were cleane purged away and these so long they dryed in the shadowe vntill they were somewhat withered for otherwise through the plentie of moisture they either moulded or rotted in the lying After these were they infused in ueriuice made of soâ—â—e grapes strewed thicke ouer with greene Fennell bestowed in an earthen pot glased within or for the lacke of it in a sweete vessell of woode after this the whoâ—e sprinkled well ouer wyth salte laying greene Fennell againe ouer the Salte and sundry courses of Purselane wyth Salte and Fennell bestowed to the filling vp of the pot and ouer the vpper bed of Purselane againe a thicke course of greene fennell strowed whiche settled the whole mixture downe into the pot These being done the licours whiche was tempered or mixed wyth twoo parts of vineger and one of veriuyce made of grapes was poured vpon in such order so full that the same reached vppe to the brimmâ— or lip of the vessell The same prickle or sauce at the ende close couered with a lid was set vp in a dry place to be preserued for 〈◊〉 the beames of the Sun coming least the substaÌ„ce through the standing of the place might gather a vinew or mouldines ouer the same which also as they affirme may be auoided if the Purselane be not suffred to lye fâ—oting aboue but always couered well oneâ— with the licoure when they vsed serued it at the table they afore clensed it with warme water or wine pouring 〈◊〉 oyle on the Purselane they set it as a fiâ—â—â— dishâ— on the table to procure an appetite to the guests satte downe to meate The Rocket is added to the Lettuce in Sallets to the ende it may tempeâ— the conâ—tarye vertue of the same so that the Lettuce is seldome eaten with meate without the Rocket and the Sallet on suche wise prepared is caused the delectabler and yeeldeth the more healthe to maâ— And the worthye Galen in hys booke de aliment 〈…〉 willeth no man to eate the Lettuce or Purselane without the Rocket nor the Rocket coÌ„trariwise in any sallet without Lettuce or purselane that in asmuch as the one cooleth and harmeth the venereall acte the other throughe the heating in the eyther maâ—ter profiteth man â–ª The seedes may be committed to the earth and the Hearbe planted aswell in the winter tyme as in sommer for it neyther fâ—â—â—eth the colde nor anye other distempeâ—aneye of the ayre nor this requireth greate laboure about the bestowing of the seedes in the earth and after the commyng vppe it especially ioyeth to be often weeded but the seedes to be sowen in a sandie or â—rauelly grounde ought afore to be well 〈…〉 The phisicke helpes and remedies both of the Purselane and Rocket THe Purselane cooleth in the thirde degree and moistneth in the seconde the Herbe vsed freshe and greene is better allowed for thys dried hath small vse and vertue in that it mitigateth and moisteneth The Purselane throughe the proper coldenesse asswageth hotte and Cholericke flures through the often applying and cooling and helpeth the persons afflicted with a burning Feuer and the teeth astonished or on edge by eating of sowre things is amended by the only eating of the freshe hearbe The Juice of this applyed healpeth the Shingles and both bridleth the venereall acte and abateth sleepe The herbe expelleth the wormes of the belly drunke with wine stayeth the perillous Fluxe Disenteria The decoction of the Purselane holden for a whiles in the mouth ceasseth the tothache if the Juice be annoynted healpeth outward inflamations The person which hath a hot stomacke or the mouth of the stomacke swollen shal throughly be holpen by eating of the fresh Purselane The Juice drunk mightely cooleth inward heats the hearbe eaten amendeth the vlcers of the priuities yet hurtfull to the eyes and somwhat cooleth the body A plaister made of the Purselane and applyed with barly meale on hot vlcers where a feare is that the matter in them putrifyeth much profiteth or if it shall be a hot impostume which fâ—eeth within from one member to another this greately amendeth The Purselane also remoueth the vlcers of the heade if brused it be tempered with wine and the heade washed with the same Thys applyed healpeth swollen eyes and preuayleth againste the spitting of bloud yet eaten rawe filleth the stomacke with a clammye humoure the daily eating of it abateth the desire to the venereall acte yet eaten wyth Uineger it remoueth the burnyng Feuer the Hearbe brused with Barly meale and heated on the fyre and then applied to the stomacke qualifieth the heate of the same the Purselane vsed of women molested with the monthely course stayeth it wythout griefe in shorte tyme. The Purselane â—hawed in the mouth profiteth againste the bleeding of the Nose the same doth the Juice performe annointed on the Foreheade The Purselane mixed with harly meale and applied in playster forme ceaseth the headache extinguisheth the heate of the
by some wayghte or properly treade wyth the Foote on it for on suche wise handeled wyll the Hearbe be procured to growe downeward and into a breadth This especially in Sallets in the sommer time although the same haue no apte sauoure nor tast The Strawberies require small laboure and diligence in the bestowing in the Earth sauing that these ioy to bee sette in some shadowie place of the garden in that these rather desire to grow vnder the shadow of other Hearbes than to be planted in Beddes alone and planted vnder the shadowe of high trees these prosper without any trimming of the Earth Here note a maruellous innocencie in the strawberies that although these creepe law by the Earth and that diuerse venemous things creepe ouer the Hearbes yet are these in no manner infected with any venemous contagion which is a note that the Herbe of propertie hath no affâ—nitie with poyson This Hearbe by diligence of the Gardener becommeth so great that the same yeeldeth faire and big Beries as the beries of the Bremble in the Hedge and hereof it seemeth that Virgilianus Seruius named the strawbury the Mulbery of the Earth Certaine skilful men by a diligence and care procure the beries to alter froÌ„ the proper red coloure into faire white delectable to the eye The Mustarde seedes desire to bee sowen in a fatte grounde and to be coÌ„mitted to the Earth wyth fyne pouder dust both before and after y e winter these after the comming vppe require to bee often weeded and watered But the Seedes may not be sowen too thicke in that the plantes multiplie and spreade into breadthe After the plantes haue enioyed strong roote in the Earthe they are hardely plucked vppe by the rootes and the Seedes may well be kepte for fyue yeares whyche the newer they be so muche the better to sowe and to be eaten The goodnesse of the seede is knowen in the breaking or cracking of it betweene the teeth whether the same be founde greene or white within for if this be white the Seede is olde and nothing worth neyther to sowe nor to eate The seedes which the owner would keepe for to eate those plants muste he remoue after certaine leaues sprung vp and set them a good distance a sunder whereby the toppes may bushe and spreade the broader but suche plantes which the owner woulde haue runne vp to seede those maye he not chaunge nor remoue oute of the proper places The phisicke remedies and helpes of the Buckes horne â–ª Strawberie and Mustard seede THe Hartes horne hathe the propertie of heating and drying for whiche cause takeÌ„ in drinke it ceasseth the grypings of the belly yea this vsed healpeth the griefes of the ioyntes strengthneth and expelleth the euill matter in them This herbe after the minde of Dioscorides hathe the propertie of binding so that the same be profitably giuen in redde wine for the perillous Flixes Certaine reporte that if foure rootes of the Buckes or Hartes horne be eyther diligently hanged about the necke or bounde to the pulses of bothe the handes that these in shorte time do put away the Feuer or at the least moysture the heate or burning of the feete The Berries aswell as the Hearbe of the Strawbery haue the vertue of cooling and moystning in the third degree and the Herbe it selfe endureth not aboue a yeare Vigonius writing of the Strawberie leafe affirmeth the same to be of a colde qualitie especiallie the Juice of whych Hearbe mixed with the wine of Pomegranates and a little quantitie of Rose water applyed on hot impostumes bothe in the beginning and encrease of them doth maruelouslie healpe The Berries eaten with white wine and a little suger doth maruellously amende the hardenesse and swellyng of the splene the selfe same doth the iuyce of the berrie taken with honye the leaues sundry tymes vsed in a bath is said to be most profitable against the stone The leaues and roote orderly applyed doe heale as well woundes as vlcers these also procure the termes stay the bloudy flixe Dysenteria and cause vrine the decoction of the herbe and root drunk helpeth inflamations of the lyuer and clenseth both the kydneys and bladder If any shall be mightily molested with grieuous ache and paynes of the hyppes lette him take three or foure handfulles of the Strawbery leaues and boylyng them tender sitte in the bath and rubbe the legges well with the licour and leaues from the nether parte vpward Whiche done and thoroughly dryed with a warme cloathe applye thys Oyntmente following prepared after thys manner Take of the oyntmente of Marche Mallowes one ounce vnto whiche myxe halfe an ounce of stone honey and a dramme weight of Waxe makyng thereof an oyntment by a softe fyre this on suche wyse handeled not only amendeth the griefs of the hippes and softneth the matter hardned in them but prouoketh vrine applied on the proper place The decoction of the Hearbe and roote holden in the mouthe and washing or rubbing the teethe and gummes with it dothe not onlye strengthen the gummes and fasten the teeth but stayeth the distillings from the heade The Berries in the Sommer tyme eaten wyth Creame and Sugar is accompted a greate refreshing to men but more commended beyng eaten wyth Wine and Sugar for on suche wise these maruellouslye coole and moisten Chollericke stomackes or suche beyng of a Cholericke complexion The Juyce of the Berryes pressed forthe and the water of Plantaine added of eche eight ounces to these mixe twoo ounces of Rosed honye one ounce of the Juice of the Mulberries of white Greeke pitche and the flowers of the Pomegranat of eche a dramme wayghte these after the diligent beating and mixing togither washe and gargell the same in the mouth sundry tymes for this in shorte time remoueth and putteth away the impostumes of the throate Among other commodities whiche the Berries yeelde the Juice or wine pressed forth of them is a soueraigne remedie for the remouing of the greate rednes spots and red pimples which happen on the face through the heate of the Lyuer the selfe same asswageth and putteth away the rednesse of the eyes the spots hot distillings froÌ„ the hed by dropping of it sundry times into y e eyes The decoction of y e roots leaues of the strawbery in wine is maruellous profitable for the Jandise beyng takeÌ„ diuers mornings fasting The decoction only of the root taken doth miâ—igate the heat of the liuer so that the same be drunke in the morning and at noone the herbe eaten with vineger a little white pepper doth greatly helpe such fetching the winde shorte the Beries also eaten doe ceasse and coole thirste for whiche cause profitable to the stomacke but these especiallye commodious to the Cholericke The Mustard seede heateth dryeth in the fourth degree and it is like to the Rape seede sauing that the rape seede is bitter the Mustard seede sowre The goodnes of the mustard seede is knowen in the breaking of it
the drying finely beating and searsing of the seedes vseth the same in steede of a clensing pouder The learned Galen writing of the vse and properties of the Cucumbers vttereth an instruction worthy the learning that although these sayth he be well digested of the Chollericke and that suche wythout care eate plentie or muche at a time of them doe after in the continuance of time increase a cold and somwhat grosse humour in the veines whyche not able to be digested in them doeth after corrupte the sounde bloude For that cause saithe he I iudge it profitable to refraine the meates being of an euill Juice and nourishemente although that those in certaine persons may easily be digested For to vs not takyng a care and regard of them is an euill Juice gathered after a good distance of time in the veines which assoone as the same once putrified by a lyghte occasion doth immediatly kindle and cause wicked feuers these hitherto Galen of the incommodities of the Cucumbers What skil and secreates are to be learned in the sowing and workmanly ordering of the Gourde Chap. 30. AL the kindes of the Gourdes requyre the same trauaile and diligence in the bestowing in the Earthe as afore vttred of the Cucumbers which after the large setting asunder and often watering appeare for the more parte aboue the Earthe by the sixte or seuenth day after the bestowing in beds The weake and tender braunches shot vp to some heigth and coueting by a certaine propertie in nature vpward require to be diuersly aided with poles to run vp in sundry manners as either ouer a rounde and vaulted Harboure to giue a more delighte throughe the shadowe caused by it and the seemely fruites hanging downe or else by poles directed quite vprighte in whiche the Gourde of all other fruites most earnestly desireth rather than to run braunching and creeping on the grounde like to the Cucumbers The plants loue a fat moyst and dunged loose ground as the Neapolitan Rutilius in his instructions of husbandry hath noted If a diligēce be bestowed in the oftē watring of them the plants require a lesser care and trauaile in that they are very muche furthered by the store of moisture although there may be found of those which resonably prosper with small store of moysture or being seldome watered and that they of the same yeelde fruite of a delectabler taste If the owner or Gardner happen to commit Seedes to the Earthe in a drye grounde and that the tender plants appear aboue the Earth hys care shall then bee to water them plentifullye for the speedier shooting vp after this manner by taking certayn pottes filled with water into whiche tongues of clothe afore layde to the bottoms of the pottes that these may the workmanlier distill and droppe often on the plants through y e stouping forward of them which no doubt profiteth greatly the plantes in drowth and hot seasons The longer and smaller haue fewe Seedes in them and for the same more delectable in the eating yea these better accompted of and solde in the Market The Gardner minding to committe of the Seedes to the Earthe oughte afore to stiepe them in a boll or panne of water for a nighte whereby the Seedes apte to be sowen may the surer be knowen whiche hee shall well perceiue by those resting in the bottome of the cunninger sorte preferred and vsed but the others swimmyng aboue as vnprofytable and seruing to no vse are willed to be throwen away The chosen Seedes are to be set in beds two togither with three fingers vnto the middle Jointes and the sharper endes fixed vpward but the beds afore oughte to be digged two foote deepe and so many broad and the Seedes bestowed well three or foure foote asunder one from the other in these filled vp with olde dung well turned in with the earth or rather to procure them speedier to grow and yeelde the fruite the sooner lette the beddes be filled with hotte horse dung new taken oute of the stable If the Gardner woulde possesse Gourdes of diuers formes as long rounde and shorte it behoueth hym to choose and sette the seedes accordinglye For those Seedes taken oute of the necke of the Gourde shall the owner after the councell of the singular Columella learned Plinie and Rutilius set in well dunged ground with the sharpe endes vpwarde Which after the well watering as aboue taught yeelde fruits long in fourme tenderer and better esteemed The Seedes taken oute of the myddes of the bellye and sette into the Earthe with the bigge endes vpwarde doe yeelde after the husbandely handeling and watering greate fruites rounde and large of whiche after the through drying and meate taken oute bee bottels and other vessells made to serue for diuers vses in that these growe farre larger in the belly than any of the other kindes The Seedes taken oute of the bottome of the Gourde and set with the grosse or big endes vpwarde doe also yeelde after the workmanlye ordering fruits both greate and large yet these far lesser and shorter And the Seedes in generall in what place they bee sette oughte to be bestowed in earth well dunged and the rather with hot horse dung new taken out of the stable if these bee set in the moneth of March But y e seeds in no maner may be bestowed in low places lest shours of rain falling hinder and corrupte the fruites throughe the ouermuche water cloying and standyng in the Alley or other low place The plants shot vppe to some heigthe oughte to bee diligentlye weeded aboute and the earthe heaped highe vp and when neede requyreth in the hot seasons to water them often If the Seedes happen to bee set in a Earthe smally laboured and hollowe when the plants be somwhat growen aboue the grounde the owner oughte to digge away of a good depthe from the yong plantes the Earthe rounde aboute that the rootes may the freelier runne and spreade abroad the plants further growen and shot vp may the owner erecte to runne and spreade like to a Uine well a mans heigthe If the plantes happen to be annoyed with the Leke or Garden fleas the owner shal remoue and driue them away by the only setting of the herbe Organye in sundry places among them on whiche if these happen to lighte they eyther are incontinente killed or caused to encrease but few after as the Greeke writers of husbandry in their skilful practises witnesse Out of which with diligence we haue also gathered these that to the owner or gardner may happily appere profitable as the Gourde a matter somwhat strange to yelde fruits without seeeds If the Seedes before the setting be stieped for three dayes at the least in Sesaminum or Sauine oyle as the Neapolitane Rutilius vttereth or in the Juice of that hearbe infused named Conyza in Englishe Fleabane The like may bee wroughte if after the condition of the Uine the principallest and firste stemme shotte vp be on such wise digged about