smother the bud and deuour the substance of the earth for all plants come of heate and moisture and if they be suffered to bee intangled with weeds they will be smothered and in danger to be lost CHAP. IX That wood diligently dressed and husbanded doth profit more than that which is not so dressed and husbanded I Know that there are many trees which are dayly seene to grow without such great paines taking and industrie freely receiuing their naturall nourishment without aide or assistance and that by reason of the fruitfulnesse either of the ground or of the countrie and yet if some one do so escape a hundred die for it and this I say for their sakes who hauing once planted would be loath to loose their paines and do conceaue that all or the greatest part doe thriue and prosper which conceat is notwithstanding like to deceiue them if they proceed not to dresse and husband them in conuenient sort after they haue beene well planted as is aboue declared Wherfore I haue applied my selfe to trie the issue of tilling of them according to art and knowledge as also of leauing them vntilled and I find that although the tree which groweth in the desert do grow vp sometimes vpon a perfect growth notwithstanding it groweth not in so short time and the greatest part of it dieth and that which is well tilled and planted doth grow twice so much and that not one of ten of them is lost but that all prosper of what sort of wild trees soeuer they by But some may replie that labour is chargeable and costeth much but in as much as it lasteth not alwaies being to continue not past foure or fiue yeares at the most much like vnto the young plant of a vine it will be found that the cost will not bee great seeing especially that after such cost it is freed from any more for euer For after that wood is once grown vp to such height as that weeds cannot ouer grow nor ouercrow it which will be in foure or fiue yeares if it be husbanded then it smothereth the weeds that grow vnder it and keepeth away from them both the Sunne and the aire with its shawdow in such sort as that they die and are not able to ouershadow or do any hurt vnto the wood CHAP. X. Of remouing lopping pruning and making cleane of wood THat your plant may grow the better it is likewise requisite âo remoue trees from a high drie and bad soile into another ground that is more moist and fat if it may be by this meanes in finding a better soile the tree will take more easily and there is no doubt but the better the ground is and the better that the plant is ordered the sooner it will grow become bigger beare greater boughs and leaues rather than lesse as may be seene in old forrests which are situated in fertile and fat countries or in those which grow in sandie and bad grounds as in Solonge where woods continue very small and vntimely Woods planted and ordered as is abouesaid the first second and third yeare must not bee touched with any edge toole and yet notwithstanding towards the third and fourth yeares and those that follow if you perceiue your wood so thicke set and spred as that it riseth not neither groweth high as it ought you may cull out and cut away the small sprigs and little boughes as you shall find them seeing they are good for nothing and leaue behind you some three or foure of the principall braunches so stripped of their small twigs as your owne discretion will best direct you This pruning of them would bee towards the moneth of March after that the cold is passed and gone that so the frost may not hurt the boughes that are cut and newly lopped and you may continue thus to prune them vnto the middeh of April at what time they begin to bud and put forth but then it must be done gently holding the shanke of the tree fast and firme without mouing or shaking of the rootes And this pruning may be done euery yeare if you will and by this meanes you may cause a new spring of small woods to grow and to put forth eight or ten branches fit for to bee plants for high and tall trees by cutting away the side ones and leauing three or foure of the fairest branches growing from the foot of the said small wood so cut downe according as you shall think good so that you make choice of such as grow vp high and straight and if they be not altogether strong enough to hold vp themselues you may helpe them with some prettie small props and stickes the better to hold them vp CHAP. XI Of the manner of sowing acornes for the growing of oakes ALl sorts of wild trees grow of remoued plants hauing good rootes or of branches or of the seeds and fruits which they beare and whereby they renew themselues Of the remoued plant there hath alreadie enough beene said as that it is more profitable and of a more speedie and certaine growth and therefore the sooner able to bestow pastime vpon his master The second way to grow trees is to grow them of branches writhen and buried in the earth gathered in such sort as that they may put forth roots and take againe as Columella hath very well set downe at large notwithstanding this way is long in taking root and putting forth and not to be practised but where there are no plants to be come by Wherefore I will not meddle with it in this place because it is not done without difficultie and vncertaintie and for that the pleasure thereof is long be-before it is reaped as also for that in this our countrie of France there are many vnderwoods and strong hedges where are to be gathered very easily and that in great quantity plants of all sorts of wild trees The third way is to sowe them of seed as of acornes beech maste and of the seed that is in the leaues of elmes for they bring forth such trees as those whereupon they themselues did grow and such seeds may bee sowne in little furrowes made with a hacke or grubbing axe and those not aboue foure or fiue fingers deepe and therein to couer them againe very lightly with broken mould or else they may bee sowne with the plough as beanes and all other kinds of graine are or with a debbell by which name they call a little sticke of halfe a foot long and a finger or inch thicke And of the three waies the best is to plant or sow the acorne or other seed with the dibble euerie one halfe a foot from another or one foot euery one from another by a straight line or after the manner vsed in grounds broken vp with the hacke making a small open place in the earth and therein putting the acorne in the like distance of halfe a foot all along the furrowe notwithstanding it is
Grasâe doe âlose vp in selfe and gather together his leaues if the Swine doe play a long time and runne to and fro shaking and âearing what they haue taken in running if the wormes come out of the Earth if the Cat after that she hath a long time licked the sole of her foot and trimming âhe haire of her head doe reach the said sole of her foot oftentimes ouer her âare Likewise he shall foretell great aboundance of Raine if the Clouds be darke deepe and thicke if the drops of water falling from the Skies be somewhat whitish and make great bubbles and great falls here below if the Raine fall mildly and begin to fall with small drops if the Water fallen vpon the Earth in great aboundance without any wind be incontinently drunke vp of the Earth if the Waters of the Fennes and standing Pooles grow warme without the heat of the Sunne more than ordiâarie if Hennes with their Chickens by and by in the beginning of the Raine doe flye vnto their houses or if in the morning they come forth late and as it were not vnconstrained to their feeding if the heauenly Bow called in Latine Iris doe stretch it selfe towards the South or if it appeare double triple or foure-fold in the Heauens and if it appeare after it hath rained the feare of future Raine is not quite abandoned He shall foresee times of Snow in Winter if he perceiue that the clouds of darke ones become as it were whitish chiefely when the North wind bloweth if round about the Sunne or the Moone there come diuers pale circles or halfe red ones if in the time of great Cold the ayre grow thicke and somewhat rebated of his sharpenesse if it make a drie Cold without any Frost if together with many signeâ of Raine there appeare many also of Cold approaching He shall iudge in like sort of Haile if in the Spring or Autumne he see that the clouds of blacke and darke ones become whitish or if about the moneth of Aprill together with many signes of Raine there be mixt darke and whitish clouds Hee shall giue good heed to the tokens fore-shewing future Winds and they are these if the Sunne at his setting be red if the Sunne set amongst reddish clouds if the Sunne all the day long or a great while before his setting haue carried a Purple colour and setting seemeth greater than ordinarie if the Moone haue a red face if the Clouds in a faire Season and beautifull Skie be carried on high if the Clouds appeare in the Heauens gathered together as they were flockes of Sheepe if Forestâ and the high tops of Mountaines doe make a noyse if the starres of Heauen runne euerie way if they seeme more grosâe and of greater light than vsuall if it thunder in the Morning or in Winter if in the Spring time it thunder more mightily and ofter than it lighteneth if the sound of Bells be sometimes heard very easily and by and by not to be heard if the Sparrowes doe sing and chirpe beyond measure if the Dogs tumble themselues vpon the ground if the webs and small threads of the Spiders doe flye in the Ayre if the Duckes doe spread and flicker with their wings often and a long time together if the Heron crie toward night as he is flying if the âlame of the fire cast forth many small sparkles if the Wood doe crackle and breath out wind more than ordiâarie Hee shall fore-tell the happening of any Thunder Brightnesse Lightening and Tempest when hee shall see that in the morning and euening in Summer or in the beginning of Autumne the Sunne yeeldeth a greater heat than ordinarie and when there appeareth in the ayre a verie thicke and deepe cloud if the Wind called Typhon causing Whirle-winds doe blow ragingly and that the ayre be full of many thicke and darke clouds if the dayes in Summer or Autumne be more feruent and hot than the season of the yeare can naturally beare and that sometimes at the Sunne-set there appeare a Raine-bow toward the West if there flye in the ayre many ajriâ impressions and burning flames He shall be assured of faire Weather when he shall perceiue that the Sunne sheweth it selfe cleane at his rising or cleare and shining at his setting hauing about it manie small clouds apart one from another and withall somewhat red and pleasant when the Sunne in the time of raine setteth haâing his face red and fierie and when the Day-breake which men call the Morning shall appeare of the naturall colour of white and indeed the Prouerbe A red euening and a white morning setteth the Pilgrime a walking teacheth as much if when the Moone is three or foure dayââ old it shew it selfe pleasant and cleane without spots or clouds if when it is in the full it be seene cleare and that that part of the Heauens called S. Iames his way appeare cleare and bright if at euening there appeare many Lightnings not accompanied with Thunders or Clouds if at euening or morning at what time of the yeare soever it be the deaw fall in great abundance if the Northerne wind blow strongly if the Owle after Sââne-set doe come forth and whoop all the night without ceasing if the little Fâies before Sunne-set doe swarme together and sport themselues in the Sunne-beameâ iâ the Crowes flocke together in great companies and call with a âull voice it the Crow call early in the morning if the Bats doe âomâ forth of their âoles at ãâã set and âlye vp downe in the open ayre if the Craneââlye high and doe not betake themselues verie quickly to a lower pitch if Watâr-Fowles doe haunt somewhat âarre off fâom the side of the Water And although that the parts of the yeare ordinarily haue their beginning and ending at a certaine time as the Spring beginneth about the seuenteenth of Februarie and endeth about the seuenteenth of May and so consequently of the other notwithstanding for as much as these parts and seasons doe square and fall out of order sometimes sooner sometimes later the good Husbandman shall haue ouer and aboue the common certaine signes and tokens to fore-see the beginnings and endings of the times of the yere as they may fall out extraordinarily As if hee know that Water-Fowles foâsake the Water or that the house-Nightingale especially the Male doâ sing more than any of all the rest if the Cranes flocke together and returne vnto the place from whence they are come if the Geese fight together for their feeding place being in great leanenesâe or if the Sparrow more than ordinarie call betimes in the morning he shall say that Winter is at hand In like maner if he see that the Westernâ wind begin to blow and that the cold rebateth if the Swallows do returne in flocks ãâã the Ducks haue their breast-bone white at the end of Winter he shall iudge that ãâã Spring will be verie quickly for such creatures doe
of it be consumed the vessell in the meane time being close couered and the fire burning cleare and softly after draw the vessell somewhat further from the fire and let it coole vnto the next morning then straine it out a little warme the grosser parts that it may so be forced through some hairie strainer and adde thereto of white Pitch melted by it selfe and also strained through a hairie strainer a pound halfe a pound of white Waxe in graines Masticke and Turpentine of each one ounce make thereof an oyntment of good consistence Likewise there is nothing more singular than to take of Greeke Pitch Brimstone and Olibanum equall parts to bray them together with the whites of egges and after you haue stanched and wiped away the bloud in handsome sort to ioyne and bring together the edges of the wound and to apply it thereto with a linnen cloth and a Cataplasme afterward to bind and roll it vp with double linnen clothes and so to leaue it for certaine dayes or else boyle the leaues of Carduus Benedictus and flower of Wheat in Wine vnto the forme of an Oyntment wash the Vlcers twice a day with Wine afterward lay thereunto this Oyntment Or else wash the wound with the decoction of Dent de lion more easily thus Take the dyrt which you find vnder Buckets Troughes or such like and apply it vnto the cut it closeth it vp incontinently For all wounds as well old as new vlcers and whatsoeuer cuts in the flesh take the leaues of Plantaine Spearewort or small Plantaine Mallowes All-good of each a handfull French Sage about foure and twentie leaues let all the foresaid hearbes be well picked washed and after stamped verie well all together this done take five quarts of old Swines greaâe put thereinto a hot pestill and cause it to melt then boyle it with the said hearbes and when you see that the liquor of the hearbes iâ consumed you shall straine it and put thereunto as much Frankincense as a Nut greene Waxe and Perrosine of each as much as two Nuts melt them that so they may all be brought vnto the forme of an oyntment of which you shall make vse for all sorts of wounds Otherwise take Brimstone most âinely powdred and searced put it in a Glasse-vessell and powre thereupon so much oyle Oliue as will doe more then couer it by foure or fiue singers set it out vnto all the heat of the Sunne you can for the space of tenne daies and stirring it about manie times with a Spatull of cleane and faire wood and keeping the said vessell close shut continually to the end there may not any dyrt fall thereinto At the end of the tenne dayes emptie out all the oyle by leaning the glasse softly to the one side seeing it hath extracted all the substance or essence of the Brimstone into another Glasse-bottell by the helpe of a funnell and let not any of the drosse or residence goe in withall after which you shall stop the bottell verie carefully and at such times as you would vse it you shall dip Lint white linnen Cloth Cotton or blacke Wooll in it and apply it vnto the parts that are hurt whether by Vlcers or Cuts as also vnto Impostumes and that so long as vntill they be cured You may powre in oyle againe the second time vpon the residence left after the oyle powred out as beforesaid and doe as was done before Make account of these two later Remedies as of those which will not faile you For the Boyle called Anthrax Carbunculus and other such pestilent tumours see that you apply vnto them Rue bruiâed and mixt with verie strong Leauen Figges Cantharides Onions of the Land and Sea vnquencht Lime Sope gumme Ammoniacke and a little Treacle for this emplaster draweth forth such kind of tumours Or else take a Toad drie her either in the Sunne or in the Ouen make her into powder and put of this powder vpon the Carbuncle it will draw forth all the venome Or else apply vnto the Carbuncle a Frog aliue and if she die then another and doâ this so oft as vntill that one doe liue and so you shall draw out all the venome For vlcers comming of the Pocks and such other maligne ones take tenne pints of water quench therein hot yrons so long as till the tenne pints become but fiue and in these fiue pints infuse for the space of foure and twentie houres a pound of vnquencht Lime after that straine the water when it is strained dissolue therein fifteene graines of Verdegrease and as much of Vitrioll and twentie graines of Camphire this water is singular to mundifie cleanse and drie vp Vlcers Otherwise set to boyle in a new earthen vessell verie cleare water when it beginneth to boyle put into it by and by vnsleckt Lime and presently thereupon powre it out into another vessell all new let it rest there so long as vntill after it be scummed it become cleare the Lime falling to the bottome of the vessell in manner of pap in the end you shall gather the water swimming aloft by leaning the vessell and letting the Lime abide vnstirred in the bottome and this water thus gathered shall be reserued in a cleane violl or other vessell well stopped that so it may serue for your vse in which being warme dip a linnen cloth and apply it in stead of an emplaister vnto the Vlcer and renew it oft To draw out miraculously a Pellet make a tent of a Quince and for want of it of Marmalate of Quinces onely without any addition of Spices or other things annoint it with the oyle of egges and put it into the wound or hole made by the shot of the Pistoll For inward wounds in which there can no tents be put there must be drunke oftentimes the decoction of Auens and the outward wounds washt or else take Mugwort great and small Comfrey whole Betonie Agrimonie the roots of Rubia otherwise called the Diers hearbe the roots of small Plantaine otherwise called Carpenters hearbe Sage the leaues of Brambles Parsley pricking Nettle Marigolds Sanicle Bugula Mouse-eare Burnet Dendelion Plantaine the crops of Hempe female Ferne Buglosse Gentian Veruaine Birds âoong ground Iuie water Germander Catmint hearbe Robert Cinquefoile Tansie all the Capillar hearbes of each one halfe handfull Damaske Raiâins their stones taken out Licorice the seed and flowers of S. Iohns wort the seed of blessed Thistle of each an ounce the three cordiall flowers of each foure ounces all these being thus carefully pickt and made cleane let be brayed verie throughly after strained through a hairen strainer with one pint of white wine you must cause him which iâ thrust through to drinke of this drinke a little draught fasting or one houre before he eat and as much before his supper If these iuices displease thee in stead of braying bruising or stamping of the things aforesaid you may make a decoction in common water adding in
of Rocket gathered with the left hand and bruised in honied water and taken in drinke are soueraigne against the Iaundise and hardnesse of the Spleene Also Rocket being boyled and mixed with Sugar doth take away the Cough in little children Tarragon is made of Linseed prickt in manie places of the head of a red Onion the strongest and sharpest that may be found and put into well manured earth And after it hath shot vp the height of a foot or somewhat more you must take the slippes or branches and set them againe in the same earth and water them often Tarragon hath the same force and vertue that Rocket hath and is not to be eaten alone but with Lettuces and such like hearbes CHAP. XXVIII Of Smallage Cheruile Costmarie and Auens SMallage must be sowne in a well toiled ground and neere some wall for iâ loueth the shadow and groweth well in all manner of ground And after that it is once sowne if it be not all pulled vp by the roots but that there be but one stalke left from yeare to yeare to seed it will continue for euer and it hath not anie great need of being weeded The good time to sow it is from the end of Februarie vnto the first day of September It hath the like vertue that Parsley hath not to eat but for Physicke It is good also for all blew stroakeâ and bloud that is setled by reason of anie kind of blow The oyle thereof is likewise good for manie diseases and especially for the rawnesse that commeth in the throat if the place that is sore be oft annointed therewith It is true that Smallage stirreth vp the Falling sicknessee if we may beleeue Plânie although that Galen in the curing of the Falling sickness doe prescribe the roots of Smallage and Parsley I haue tried by experience oftentimes that the leaues of Smallage chewed raw doe prouoke the termes of women Cheruile called in Latine Cerefolium loueth to be sowne in a ground that is well manured and in the time of Februarie March and Aprill and sometimes in August and September for to haue it in Winter and it would be often watered Cheruile doth shirre vp the stomacke and is verie good to prouoke vrine and purge the bloud Costmarie and Auens are verie pleasant hearbes to giue a sauour like Spice in Pottage and Salads They would be sowne in May and Aprill and remoued in Nouember Both of them haue the taste of Pepper and Cloues and therefore cannot but be good to comfort the stomacke Some to prouoke appetite make a greene sawce of Sorrell for to eat with meat Physicions doe greatly esteeme of the decoction of Costmarie against the Swimming disease Astonishments falling Sicknesse obstructions of the Lungs Dropsies and Iaundise as also for the Colicke Stone difficultie to make Water staying of the Termes for quicke deliuerie in Child-birth and to bring downe the after-birth CHAP. XXIX Of Asparagus THe hearbe Asparagus doth grow bigge in a fat and spongie ground that is free from stones well dressed plaine and smooth demanding no helpe of watering except a little in ãâã Some sow them in the Spring at the new of the Moone but it is better to set the rootes which spread and encrease better and sooner than the seeds whether they be sowne of seedes or set of rootes it must be done in furrowes three ynches deepe and a fathome ouer on euerie side standing one from another a good long foot put into euerie furrow two or three seeds euerie one off from another some nine ynches about fortie daies after the seeds doe gather together and ioyne one with another becomming one after you haue set them thus low you must cast vpon them the third part of the earth that you haue taken out of the furrowes which must be âifted before you put it there with an yron Sieue that so the Sunne may pierce the deeper and draw the Asparagus vnto it after this you must weed them oft and helpe them in October with some well rotted manure of Horse Sheepe or Birds or which is better with the filth and ordure of Sinkes and Priuies and the dust which falleth out of Wooll when it is beaten and againe vpon this the âeeds and drosse of the Vine-presse and Grapes You must renew their ground oftentimes in Februarie and cast new dung vpon it you must doe the like also the second yeare in Februarââ or March and likewise euerie yeare in October It is true that they must be remoued the second or third yeare and neuer to cut them vntill the third yeare and then in the moneth of May. In stead of remouing them it were better to vncouer their roots and to take away those that are supersâuons for to set in some other place and then to purge them of withered and rotten or corrupted branches in as much as Asparagus would neuer be remoued out of their place except it be when they grow too thicke together For doing so two or three yeares one after another it will fall out that all the intangled and folded one within another will be taken away and then you may prune and trimme those which you leaue standing which you must couer from foot to foot or from root to root with well seasoned manure being rotted and mixed with as much sifted mould sifting moreouer the same which was aboue before and putting it into his old place from whence it was taken and in such manner as it was found there Howsoeuer it be the yeare after they be planted there may well be taken from them some one of their stalkes and the other let stand to seed The stalke so taken away must be cut away not pluckt away for feare of doing hurt to the root For to haue Asparagus to grow faire and aboundantly you must couer the earth of the trenches with beasts hornes or else sow in the furrowes where you shall set them the powder of the hornes of Weathers or wild Rammes or some others and afterward you shall water them And this is the cause that maketh them grow naturally in the Medowes Others there are which say though it be a wonderfull thing that there must nothing be done to the hornes but onely bored through and to hide them in good ground and that of them will breed and grow Asparagus And to cause Asparagus to sprout and bring foorth often you must rake and weed and digge about them often opening their roots after that you haue gathered the fruit and straw vpon thââ the powder of beasts hornes for the plant being thus handled will beare his ãâã otherwise Asparagus is a delicate fruit and wholesome for euerie bodie and especially when it is thicke tender sweet and not verie much boyled it giueth a good stomacâe vnto the sicke if it be vsed before meat it prouoketh vrine it openeth the obstructions of the reines and the liuer The root thereof applyed to
that they be not sowne in a ãâã ground for the shade is altogether contrarie vnto them though the earth be good and fertile They are gathered in Nouember kept in Winter vpon sand ãâ¦ã vnder the earth for to eat in Winter and Lent time I report my selfe vnto them of Meason and Vau-Girard neere vnto Paris which gather great store of thâm ãâã yeâre to sell at Paris This fruit is windie and begetteth wormes in young children by their ãâã but they must be eaten with Mustard It is true that their seed doth resist ãâã and there it is put into Treacle it likewise killeth the Wormes being mingled ãâã the iuice of Oranges or Limons and it driueth forth the small Pocks and ãâã with the decoction of Maidân-haire or of Lentils It prouoketh vrine mixt in eqââll quantitie with Linseed and giuen to drinke in wine it bringeth vp the crudities of the stomacke by vomit being taken with honied vineger and warme water The Aegyptians make a verie good Oyle of it CHAP. XXXIII Of Turneps TVrneps called in Latine Raepa are of two sorts the round and the long and they differ not much from Napes and Nauets saue onely in greâânesse and tast For Turneps are a great deale bigger and of a ãâã pleasant taste than the Napes for the truth whereof I report my selfe to the inhabitants of Limosin in Aquitaine and the people of Sauoy who hâuing no store of Corne haue no more excellent a meat than Turneps and for the same cause they are so industrious in sowing and dressing of them as being that commoditie and encrease of the earth vnto them which is as well yea better beloued and more necessarie than anie Corne or Graine for they feed themselues and their Cattell with the leaues great and small stalkes tops and roots of Turneps insomuch as that they complaine of a Famine when in their Countrey their Turneps are frozen in the ground or haue receiued some ouerthrow by the iniurie of the heauens The manner of ordering and dressing of them to make them grow is as it were like vnto that of the Napes It is true that they would be sowne verie thicke and not thinne for else they will proue but verie small and little and it would be rââher in September than at ãâã other time in a moist ground well manured and diligently corrected of such faults as it may haue because they reioyce and ãâã great deale the fairer and of a better tast in cold snowie and foggie weather ãâã they doe in faire which is the onely cause that in the Countrey of Sauoy and ãâã they doe grow more sweet tender faire and great because of the Fogs Snoweâ and cold Seasons that they suffer much in those places If they be sowne in the Spring time there must care be had that their leaues be not âaten with wormes and such other vermine and the better to free them from this plâgue it will be good to mingle of the dust that is to be found vpon floores with the seed ãâã they before it be sowen or else of the foot of the furnace or ãâã or else to steepe it in the juice of houslââke and afterward to sprinkle it oâer well with water ãâã it may receiue some moisture and then to âow it the day after it hath beene so steeped It is one of the wonders of nature that of so small a âeed there should grow so greaâ a fruit as should sometime weigh thirtie or fortie pounâ There must spâciall carâ be had that the seed be not aboue three yeares old for if it be it will bring forth colâworts in steed of turneps To haue them faire and great after they become ãâã great as a finger they must be remoued a good distance one from another afterward they must be couered with earth and troden downe veriâ hard for by this ãâã the juice which should haue beene spent in putting forth of leaues and stalke will turne to the making of the root great They must be gathered in Nouember and for to keepe them all the Winter they must be buried in holes or couered with leaues or seed of Mustard The vse of turneps is not verie good for health notwithstanding their decoctioâ is verie excellent good for to wash the feet of such as haue the gout withall The Cutlers and Armorers doe constantly affirme that kniues daggers and swords quenched three or foure times when they are in forging in the juice of turneps mixt with equall quantitie of the water or juice pressed out of earth wormes bruised doth make their edge so hard as that therewith you may cut yron as easily as any Lead CHAP. XXXIIII Of Radishes RAdishes are properly the same which is called in Latine Raphanus in Italie Raâanels and at Paris Raues they are vsed in manner of a saladâ with meat for to stirre vp the appetite They grow better when they are planted than when they are sowen and there are two seasons to set or sow them in âhat is to say in Februarie in the waine of the Moone if we intend to haue the benefit of them in the Spring and in August or September if we would vse them sooner and this season without doubt iâ the better because the Radish in a cold and moist time groweth in the root and is more tender but in a hot and drie time it groweth in stalkes and leaues So soone as they are sowne they take root the leaues whereof you must tread and trample downe that so the root may grow the greater which otherwise would runne vp all into leaues likewise they must be gatherâd within two or three moneths otherwise they will quickly go to seed and put them in the ground vnder sand or grauell after you haue cut off their leaues The manner of ordring of them is to set them good and deepe in earth which is well husbanded stirred vp even from the bottome and dunged and after they be pretty great ones to coâer them againe with earth and to take off their leaues from them for so they will become more sweet and pleasant You must not plant or sow them aboââ vines or arbours for they are great enemies vnto vines as making them to run out their juice when they are neighbours to it by reason of their acrimonie and ãâã Some likewise say that radishes doe keepe away drunkennesse because they greatly weaken the force of Wine To haue sweet radishes their seed must be watered oftentimes with salt water to haue them the more tender and not so sharpe for the salt water doth greatly diminish their bitternesse likewise we ordinarily ãâã that they are eaten with salt and vinegar Their goodnesse is knowne by their leaues which by how much they are the gentler in handling by so much is the root the tenderer and more pleasant to eat The rinde doth likewise shew the saâe for the thinner it is so much the more delightsome are the
radishes Physitians doe hold that among other discommodities the radish is an enemie vnto the teeth and they make hard and stonie places in the mouthes of such as vse them but this inconuenience may be amended if presently after you eat some certaine slips of Hyssope or Thyme or Organie or if they be eaten with oyle and againe in stead of this one discommoditie they bring a thousand profits for the health of mankind The roots of radishes being new chopt small and sprinkled with white wine that is neat and warmed in a frying-panne and applied vnto the stomach canseth a man to pisse aboundantly the water which he could not auoid of a long time the juice of the same root drunke to the quantity of two ounces with Malmesey worketh the like effect take an ounce of the rindes of radishes as much of the leaâes of Mercurie foure graines of saffron one dram of sweet Cassia and two drams of the juice of sauin poune them all together in a mortar and put them in a linnen cloth which being put vp into the matrix is a singular remedie to helpe them that traâell of child-birth The juice of the root of radishes mixt with oyle of sweet or bitter almonds a little white wine and a little coloquintida all heated at the fire and strained and afterward dropt into the eares doth take away the windinesse and noise of the âares being drunke with honied water it cureth the jaundise The leaues boyled in pottage in stead of coleworts do take away the obstructions of the liuer spleene Their seed bruised and strayned with white Wine is soueraigne against all ãâã of poysons and other dangerous diseases The roots eaten fasting do preserue and keepâ a man from venime and poyson Some hold it for a certaine truth that turneps ãâã in stinking and ill-sauouring wine doth take away altogether the ill tast thereof They wipe away the spots of the face heale the places of the bodie raced with the twigs of rods and couer the places with haire which are bare and should not But aboue all the rest theâe is no more certaine a remedie for the griefe of the reines the stone grauell or difficultie to make water than to drinke euening and morning going into bed or comming out of it a small draught of white Wine warme wherein haue beene sleeped the space of eight houres the rindes of radishes with the fourth part of the kernels of medlars made in powder For the same matter there may be prouided a Wine to vse a long time wherein hath beene infused a certaine time thâ powder of the roots of radish dried I cannot forget to set downe that the often vsing of radishes bringeth vnto nurses great store of milke And that water how stinking soeuer it be wherein radishes haue beene boyled will become better and thâ they may not be eaten in the later end but at the beginning of meat whatsoeuer ãâã pleaseth Dioscortdes to say that so they may goe presently out of the stomach and nothing hinder the digestion of the rest of the meat CHAP. XXXV Of Parsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts PArsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts are sowen all after one fashions in a ground well digged freed from stones clensed and scoured from all weeds and vnprofitable roots being also manured and rilled well before they may not be sowen thicke that so they may grow the longer and thicker They must be watered as soone as they be sowen and if the time proue drie once a weeke so long as till they be well sprung vp They are set also after one and the same fashion The time to sow or plant thâm is in Autâmne and in the Spring but Autumne is the better that so you may haue them in Lent time He that desireth to haue their roots great faire and thicke must often plucke away theâ leaues they must be gathered halfe a yeare after they be sowen and then their leaues taken from them and they kept vnder sandie grauell especially in Winter for ãâã causeth them to corrupt Pârsâeps may be kept a whole yeare or two in the earth so as that one may know by the falling of the flowers both the old and the new and which are good in Winter and Lent whether they be fried or otherwise All of them haue vertue to expell vrine to asswage the paine of the colicke and to prouoke womens termes their leaues stamped and layed vpon wounds which happen in the legges are verie profitable for them CHAP. XXXVI Of Mustard and Poppie SEnuie Mustard delighteth in a fat ground and is âowen with mouldâ before and after Winter and it must be often weeded and watered buâ it would not be sowen too thicke for it spreadeth very easily insomuch as it is hard to destroy it where it hath beene once sowen the seed will keepe ãâã yeare but the newer that it is so much the better it is either to sow or âat It is discerned to be good when being broken or crackt with the teeth it appeareth greene within but not white for and if it be white it is old and not worth any thing either to sow or eat That which is intended to be kept to eat shall be good to be remoued when it is growing for so it will yeeld a greater and fairer top but that which is intended to vse for seed must not be remoued or haue his place and habitation changed The seed of Mustard chawed and holden vnder the tongue is of great force against the palâey of the tongue as also against all other manner of palsey if vpon the grieued part there be applied a bagge full of the said seed hauing beene first boyled in Wine The powder thereof cast into the nosthrils causeth neâsing and purgeth the braine from superfluities The decoction of Senuie or Mustard doth asswage the tooth-ach comming of a cold cause and being drunke breaketh the stone and prouoketh the termes of women It keepeth the haire cleane and from falling The oylâ of Mustard is soueraigne against the ach of the hips and weaknesse of the sinews Mustard seed brayed and put into sweet wine preserueth the same in his sweetnesse so that it shal not loose it the reason is because it keepeth it from taking of a heat thâ same made in powder and mixt with vinegar doth heale the stingings of serpents and scorpions being drunke it ouercommeth the venime of Mushromes that haue ãâã eaten mingled with the vrine of a young child and rubbed vpon the bellies of such as haue the dropsie it causeth them to auoid water of you temper it with water and rubbe your hand or any other part that hath need to be made cleane therewith you shall perceiue the benefit thereof The white poppie which is sometimes vsed in pottage and clensed barly cartes and other confections for to quench the thirst prouoke sleepe and coole the great heat of agues neuer groweth of
through a Limbecke in Maries-bath doth maruailously heale the Agues caused of the obstructions of any noble part and which is more it killeth the wormes and wipeth away all the spots of the face it they be often washed therewith It is exceeding good against the inflammation of the eyes It is verie soueraigne against any infection or mortall sicknesse if it be drunke with Water and Honie it abateth the swelling of the bodie and easeth the colicke whether it be in the stomach or in the bowels it also cureth the biting or stinging of venimous beasts and it causeth a woman to be deliuered of her dead birth The root is a present remedie against the Plague not onely in men but also in all âorts of cattell it is a speciall preseruatiue against all poyson and a meanes to withstand all putrefaction in regard whereof the Switzers mingle it amongst their owne meat and the sodder or prouender of their cattell that so they may continue in good health Arsmart so called because the leaues applied to the fundament for to wipe it doe cause great paine and of the Latines Hydropiper doth require a marshie ground full of water or at the least verie moist or often watered and it groweth rather being planted of a root then sowne of seed It is verie singular in ointments for old vlcers and fistulaes as also in clysters for bloudie fluxes the leaues thereof washed in cold water and applied vnto wounds and vlcers either of man or beast doe take away by and by the paine thereof and doth throughly heale them as the swellings or gaules vnder the saddles of horses that ãâã hurt if they be renewed euerie day and the horse needs not to be forborne for all that Or else take the hearbe new steepe it in water and wash it then rub therewith the swolne or gauled place then put the hearbe in some place where it may quickly rot or else burie it in some fat ground and coâer it with a great stone so soone as the âhearbe is rotted so soone will the fore be healed If you spread it all greene in the bed it killeth fleas you shall keep powdred proke from wormes if you wrap it in the leaues of this hearbe thâ juice thereof dropped into wormie eares doth kill the wormes that is in them Eye-bright delighteth in a leane ground and shadowed place and yet where moiâture is not altogether wanting such as are the meadows and little mountaines is groweth of roots not of seed It is singular good against the dimnesse waterishnesse âataract rheume and weaknesse of the eyes being either applied and layd thereto or âaken inwardly by the mouth there is a powder made of âhe dried leaues which beâng oft taken by the mouth with the yolke of an egge or alone or mixt with aloes ând swallowed downe with Fennell-water or with water of veruaiâe doth comfort ând strengthen mightily the weake and diseased eyes some vse much to take Winâ wherein eye-bright hath beene infused and steept a long time for the same purpose or the powder vsed with wine but the powder alone or the decoction without wine ãâã a remedie far more certaine than the wine of eye-bright as I my selfe haue proued ây experience in as much as the Wine by his vapours doth fill the braine and proâureth rheumes and therefore if you would auoid these inconuenienees you must âelay your Wine vvith the vvater of Fennell or mixe Sugar therewith ãâã de âilla-noâa aââirmeth that by the continuall vse of this heâhealed an old man which ââad alreadie wholly lost his sight by the often vse of the leaues of this hearbe as well ãâã as drie as well in his drinke as in his meat Veruaine as well the male as the female must be planted of roots in a moist soile ând that it may grow the fairer it requireth to be remoued and that into a place of âhe like nature and qualitie Besides the helpes that this hearbe affordeth vnto vveake eyes it is also good aâainst the paine of the head teeth and vlcers of the mouth and principally in the ââfections of the skinne as the itch the tetter the flying-fire the ring-worme the âprosie the Gangrena and Shbaâlus if it bâ vsed in manner of a bath ãâã in manner of a foâentation made with Fâmitorie in Water and Vinegar Elicampane must not be sowne of seed because the seed hath no power to ãâã but it must rather be planted of the young sprouts pulled gently from the ãâ¦ã that in a verie well tilled ground and which hath beene manured not verie ãâ¦ã yet ouershadowed It is good to plant it in the beginning of Februarie leauing ãâã foot distance betwixt plant and plant for it hath great leaues and the roots do ãâã verie much as doe the young sprouts or roots of Reed The Wine wherein the root of Elicampane hath steept for the space of fourâ ãâã twentie houres is singular good against the colicke as we haue alreadâe said in ãâã first booke the juice of the root is singular good to continue and keepe the ãâã and beautifull hew of women The decoction of the root is likewise good ãâã ââjoyce the heart and to prouoke vrine and the termes of women as also to ãâ¦ã to spit out but then it must be vsed inwardly and whiles it is new and greene ãâã when it is old and drie it is fit to be vsed outwardly and not to be taken into ãâã bodie Dittander which hath the tast of pepper and mustard for which cause it is ãâã of the Latines Piperitis must be planted before the first of March cut as the ãâã but not so oft for feare it should die with cold It will continue two ãâã prouided that it be carefully weeded and dunged it continueth in many ãâã whole ten years and it cannot easily be destroyed The root of Dittander stamped with Hogs-gâease or with the root of ãâã and applied in forme of a cataplaâme vnto the Sciatica doth cure it throughly It taketh away the great spots freckles and scales or pilling of the face by ãâ¦ã the thin skin wherein these are fixed and as for the rawnesse left after the away of this skin it is healed easily with ointment of Roses Great Celandine groweth in euerie ground so that there be any shadow ãâ¦ã and it would be sowne in Februarie and may so continue ten yeares so that âwaies after it hath cast his seed the stalkes thereof be cut downe within ãâ¦ã of the root The juice of the flowers mixt with honie or womans milke or some otheâ ãâã asswage the sharpenesse of it doth take away the spots in the eyes ãâ¦ã scartes and vicers healeth the ring-wormes and itch of the head and the ãâ¦ã the haire of little children The Alchymistes doe make great account of it ãâã their extractions of mettalls Some say that the old Swallows doe recouer the ãâã of their young ones being pore-blind by applying vnto their
of the Sunne but hath the shadowes of some Trees the top of a Mountaine ãâ¦ã other such like thing It hath a verie astringent power as also it is verie ãâã by which after the manner of Comfrey it healeth wounds vlcers and fistulaes ãâã well inward as outward it stayeth rheumes and bloudie fluxes healeth the ãâ¦ã the mouth and the inflamation thereof Which is more it is verie singular to prouoke vrine and to breake the stone Saxifrage as well the great as the small delighteth in a drie ground chalâââ clayie sandie stonie and altogether barren And it is sowne of small seedes which are found hanging to the rootes thereof It prouoketh vrine and so driueth foorth the grauell of the reines and bladder If you boyle the root and ãâã thereof in Wine it procureth Women also their termes and bringeth ouâ ãâã after-birth The great and small Burre otherwise called Bardana and of the Greekeâ ãâ¦ã hath not need of anie great tilling for it will grow either of seed or ãâã in a leane ground that is drie and vntilled as wee may well see in ditches ãâã it groweth without anie labour at all and in the high wayes and by-pââh â ãâã the fields The rootes seedes and iuice of the great and small Burre are verie ãâ¦ã prouoke vrine to breake the stone of the reines and bladder and to stay the ãâã flux The iuice is drunke with white Wine or alone and the seed in like manner which is sometimes for the more pleasantnesse sake confected or couered with Sâgar The leaues stampt with a little salt and applyed vnto the bitings or ãâ¦ã Adders mad Dogges or other venimous Beasts are verie soueraigne The rootes ãâã seedes of small Burre stampt and layd on cold swellings and rebellious ãâ¦ã verie profitable and good Star-thistle so called because it hath little heads at the tops of his stakes ãâ¦ã Thistles haue set round about with sharpe prickes after the manner of ãâ¦ã groweth in vnhusbanded grounds as well of his root as of his seed Some doe ãâã esteeme of the seed made into powder and drunke in wine for to prouoke ãâã and to auoid grauell and herein it is of so great vertue as that the much vse of it ãâã cause one to pisse bloud sometimes The decoction of the root with honey after ãâã manner of a honied water doth the like but more gently and without ãâ¦ã partie for to pisse bloud Maries Thistle otherwise called Spina alba or white and siluer Thistle or ãâã Artichoke or Asse-Thistle because that Asses delight much to eat it doth ãâã fat and well tilled ground and other ordering like to that of Beets and it ãâ¦ã that it letteth not to grow in vntilled and vnhusbanded grounds The seed and ãâã haue as it were the like power to take away obstructions to prouoke vrine and it breake the stone that Star-thistle hath The Italians vse the roots thereof in Salads after the manner of Artichokes and good wines to gather the milke of it for to eat Some make a Ptisane with the root of this Thistle made in powder the seed of Fennell and a little long Pepper to giue to Nurses to vse which haue small store of milke The distilled water of the leaues is good against paine in the sides being drunke with halfe a dramme of the seed of the same hearbe Siluer-grasse so called because the leaues doe resemble siluer on the backe-side doth delight in a moist and grassie ground howsoeuer vnhusbanded it be It hath one excellent propertie aboue all other hearbes for to breake the stone to heale vlcers and malignant wounds within the bodie to stay the bloudie flux and to dissoluâ cluttered bloud being taken in drinke Some say that if you put it in halfe a basin full of cold water and couer that basin with another basin or vessell or other couering that there will gather great store of vapours in the hollow of the thing couering it and will turne into the forme of distilled water and that this water thus gathered is verie good to take away the spots freckles staines and dye of the Suâne out of the face Patience doth willingly grow in coole and moist grounds and we see it ordinarily to grow neere vnto Riuers and little Brookes The root by reason of the great bitternesse and desiccatiue power hath singular commendation against the Plague for being dried and powdred and afterward drunke with wine it driueth away all venime from the heart by the aboundance of sweat which it procureth Some foâ this purpose take away the rinde and core of this root stamping it in vineger and after making a drinke of the vineger the iuice of Rue and Treacle for to take in pestilent Agues The powder of this root drunke with wine is excellent for the suffocations of the Matrix and the wringing throwes of the bellie This powder also killeth the Wormes healeth maligne Vlcers the falling of the haire called Tinea and the Kibes the Farcie in Horses whether it be taken inwardly or applyed outwardly either in iuice or in the decoction thereof Scabious groweth in the same ground that Patience doth that is to say in woods vntilled places and especially in sandie places It is verie proper and appropriate vnto the Cough and diseases of the Lungs foâ the same purpose also the iuice is sometime extracted sometime the hearbe it selfe made into powder and sometime the decoction of it is made to endure for a long time Likewise there is sometime conserue made of the flowers His leaues or rootes applyed to itchie places and the places bare of haire or mixed with oyles and ointments doe great good vnto the same as also vnto plaguie carbuncles for they being rubbed with the iuice of Scabious will be found to vanish away within three houres The iuice of Scabious drunke in the quantitie of foure ounces with a dramme of Treacle not yet one day old is a singular remedie against the Plague so that afterward the partie sweat in his bed and withall continue the drinke for manie times The same remedie serueth for the bitings of venimous beasts if besides the drinke you apply outwardly vnto the soare the leaues of the same hearbe bruised A Liniment made of the iuice of Scabious the powder of Borace and a little Camphire is singular against tettars itch freckles and other infections or desilements of the skin Aboue all other things the decoction of Scabious being drunke the space of fortie daies doth heale the tettar throughly yea though it came of the Pocks as I my selfe haue oftentimes proâed by experience Scolopendrium or rough Spleene-wort called also Harts-tongue would be planted in a stonie and grauellie ground which is moistened with some running Brooke and for want of this it must be often watered The rootes thereof must neuer be pulled vp but onely the leaues cut for it cannot be sowne seeing it bringeth forth no seed The decoction thereof made
especially the root being applyed vnto anie part is as causticke as Pigeons dung or the Causticke stone or anie othââ the most violent cauterie that may be found for though you put betwixt the ãâã and the hearbe a Linnen cloth fiue or sixe double yet it will not leaue to ãâã and pierce deepe euen vnto the flesh This is the hearbe which being steept in Dââgons bloud the cursed rogues and wicked rouers vp and downe doe rub their ãâã legges and thighes withall thereby to exulcerate them that so they may moue thâ people with remorse and so get the larger almes This is the hearbe which siâiâ calleth Crowfoot and which is so much esteemed for the Plague and Plague ãâã called a Carbuncle Take saith he Crowfoot hauing a root like vnto a small ãâã Onion this root either alone if it be bigge ynough or two or three of them stââped and laid vnto the thombe of the hand that is on that side in the arme whereof the Plague is broken out or vnto the great toe of that foot that is on the same side thââ the groine is that hath the Plague-sore and there leaue it foure and twentie houreâ and it will make blisters which breaking of themselues doe let runne out the ãâã of the Plague drawne thither by a veine common vnto both parts but because that this root is verie strong you must put betwixt it and the thombe foure or fiue doâbles of new and strong cloth or six or seuen of thinne and worne cloth and so ãâã it and bind it vp and afterward you shall heale the vlcer of the thombe with the yolkes of egges and fresh butter beat together with a little of the middle Conâfâââ stamped with them or a little washt Aloes and if you cannot haue it new the dries also good for the same purpose but then you need not so manie doubles of cloth betwixt them This operation and worke is quickly done and certainely withoââ bloud-letting or other euacuation Pettie whin groweth in euerie ground whether it be medow plowed land drie scorched moist tilled or not tilled The Husbandman doth greatly abhorre ãâã hearbe whereof he cannot by anie meanes rid his grounds The root is singular ãâã well in powder as in a decoction or in the water distilled from it so that before it be distilled the root be steeped in Malmesey twice so much as it weigheth for ãâã prouoke Vrine Womens termes and to procure the opening of the obstructions of the Spleene and Liuer but aboue all to breake into powder and driââ forth the Stone as also to wast such âarnosities as may be begotten in the bladder and conduit of the yard The powder must be taken with white Wine Theââ is also made a kind of Wine of this root during the Vintage time with new Wine and white Grapes put into a Vessell adding thereto a certaine quantitie of Winter Cherries The Dittanie of this Countrey groweth in a drie ground being also stonie and open vpon the Sunne The root is much commended against Poisons and Veniâââ Wormes in children and cold diseases of the Matrix Being taken inwardly by dâcoction or in powder with Wine the weight of two drammes or applyed or ministred in a fume it moueth the termes in women it bringeth forth the after-birth and dead child it also driueth out the stone from the reines but principally it is good for the Pocks taking it euerie morning a long time the weight of a dramme with ãâã decoction of Guaiacum It is profitable also against the Plague euerie way that ãâã can vse it Germander called of the Latines Chamâdrys that is to say a small Oake because the leaues are like to those of the Oake requireth no other ground or manner of ordering than Dittanie This hearbe is called the Fâauers scourge because the decoction thereof being drunke in the morning for a certaine space doth driue away and make an end of the tertian agues the leaues eaten in a sallade in the morning fasting it preserueth from the ayre and pestilent contagion no lesse effectually than water Germander of which we haue spoken before The decoction thereof is singular good against the jaundiâe and being vsed a long time for the Falling sicknesse head-ach and other diseases of the braine and for the wormes Rupture-wort groweth in a grauelly or sandie ground which is drie and vnhusbanded there is likewise great store of it found in the wood of Boââon neere vnto Paris This hearbe made in powder and drunke with wine prouoketh vrine that hath beene long detained and breaketh the stone of the reines and of the bladder if for some long time the partie take the weight of a dramme Fallopius â great and famous Chirurgion in Italie affirmeth That he had cured an infinite number of persons of the rupture therewith giuing it them in drinke for a verie long time together Mouse-âare will grow in the same ground that Rupture-wort doth it hath a verie strong astringent qualitie and that is the cause why Shepheards haue no great affection to dâaw their sheepe into such fields as haue store of Mouse-eare in them because it bindeth them in their bodies which for the most part worketh in them vnto death likewise Physitians are wont to make their benefit of this hearbe in the bloudie flâx and aboundance of termes as also to heale vp both inward and outward wounds the spitting of bloud and falling downe of the fundament Dogges-grasse without setting or sowing groweth more than one would wish both in gardens and also in corne grounds that are fat It serueth in physicke to coole and drie indifferently and withall notwithstanding this to open and take away obstructions and to expell and breake the stone it is true that the seed drieth more but it bindeth somewhat Water-Betonie groweth in moist waterie and marshie places Of the râot thereof gathered in Autumne and made verie cleane and stamped with fresh Butter all being closed vp in an earthen vessell well leaded and stopt and the same vessell set in some moâst place and let stay there some fifteene or twentie daies after let the butter be melted vpon a soft fire and in the end strained is made an oyntment that is singular good to annoint the Kings-euill withall and the Hemorrhoides this root is set about with many small knots hauing the resemblance of Hemorrhoids or the swelling of the Kings euill It groweth without any great paine in gardens and being sowne groweth more aboundantly than one would haue it The seed purgeth those that haue the dropsie verie much if they be giuen in Whay it is true that they may be vsed without annoyance done to the stomack if it be parched and dried as also mixt with Annise and Fennell-seed furthermore it is verie good to set in gardens to kill and driue away Moules This hearbe is of two sorts male and female both of them will grow in all manner of earth but
principally in that which is moist Neither the one nor yet the other doth beare any seed as Writers record notwithstanding it hath beene tried that the male beareth seed and that it cleaueth to the hindermost part of the leaues but yet so little that hardly can a man see it and which cannot be acknowledged or gathered but in the end of Iulie which is the time when it is ripe for to gather it you must cut the leafe neere vnto the root and then hang them vp in your house spreading a linnen cloth vnder them or else some faire cleane white paper I know well that the common sort doe verily thinke and auerre that this seed cannot be gathered but on the night of the wakes of S. Iohn in Sommer and that more is not without great ceremonies and mumbling and muttering of many words betweene the teeth which haue power to driue away Deuills which haue the custodie of the same seed but all this is nothing but fables The decoction thereof is good to prouoke womens termes to cast out the dead child to kill wormes and some doe vse it to heale the frettings or hurts that may be in the fundament fallen downe but especially the female Hearbe Two-pence so called because the leaues resemble small peeces of siluer requireth no great peece of husbandrie about it saue onely that it would haue a moist ground The whole hearbe either in decoction or powder but especially the water thereof distilled in a limbecke is verie singular good for the falling downe of the fundament Fleawort being called of the Latines Psyllium craueth a verie fat well manured and batled ground for else there will no good come of it The seed prepared in forme of a Mucilage and applied in vinegar doth kill the wild fire and teââer applied vnto the head or brows it taketh away the paine thereof it taketh away also the rednesse of the eyes being applyed thereunto The distilled water is of infinite goodnesse seruing in the paynes of the eyes two or three drops thereof onely being dropt into them This hearbe requireth a verie fat place well manured and tilled likewise we see it grow aboundantly in vineyards and grounds for Wheat and Barlie The leaues are verie singular good for the opening of the liuer and cleansing away of adust humours and this also is the cause why physitians prescribe it with whay in scuruie scabbie and itchie cases and where the leprosie is The juice thereof is good to cleere bleared eyes Ground-swell groweth in euerie ground and without any great care we see if grow likewise neere vnto walls and vpon the townes walls it is greene all the yere and flourisheth as it were in euerie moneth and this is the cause why the Italians call it euerie moneths flower Some thinke that Ground-swell distilled is verie singular good for the Whites in women but beleeue it not before you find it true by proofe for I haue obserued by often vse that this hearbe whether in decoction or otherwise prouoketh the termes that are stayed Birt-wort as well the long as the round must be planted in a fat and fertile soyle such as that where Wheat is sowne and Oliue trees planted Their roots amongst other alââost inâinite vertues cause womens courses purge the lungs cause spitting cure the cough and prouoke vrine which more is if either of them be taken in drinke especially the round one made in powder with Pepper and Myrrhe it driueth forth the after-birth the dead conception and all other superfluities gathered in the Matrix it doth the like being applied in forme of a Mother suppositorie It purgeth all obstructions of the liuer and easeth all manner of colicke or other griefes which proceed from windie causes it is soueraigne against all manner of poyson or any other infection it cleanseth the bloud and by rubbing the gummes therewith it preserueth the teeth from rotting Centaurie or the gall of the earth aswel the great as the smal desireth a fat ground that is fruitfull and well tilled and yet in such a ground they thriue not well without the great care and industrie of the Gardener Their root in decoction juice or powder moueth womens termes and prouoketh vrine expelleth the dead child purgeth âlegmaticke humors which cause the sciatica openeth the obstructions of the liuer and spleene killeth the wormes profiteth and helpeth palsies convulsions and diseases of the sinews it cleareth the sight and taketh away all mistinesse from them especially the juice dropt into the eyes doth heale their fresh and new wounds and siccatriceth old and maligne vlcers Woodbind craueth no great tilling or husbanding for it groweth euerie where and in what place soeuer it listeth It is true that it desireth greatly to be neere broome hedges and also the borders of fields The fruit of Woodbind drunke with Wine the space of fortie daies taketh away the obstructions of a hard and indurat spleene it purgeth out vrine with such force as that the tenth day the vrine becommeth all bloudie it helpeth women in their child-birth the leaues in decoction or distilled doe heale wounds and filthie vlcers wipe away the spots and scarres of the bodie and of the face Pimpernel hath red and blew flowers and craueth a moist and shadowed ground so likewise we see it grow in the shadows of hedges and bushes Pimpernell with the red flowers stampe and applied vnto the eyes or the juice thereof dropt within them taketh away the inflammations dimnesâe and vlcers of the eyes and healâth the inflammations of the secret parts Pimpernell with the blew flower boyled with salt and water is a verie good and proper medicine to cure the itch or scurfe and the lice or wormes in the hands if you wash them oât therewith Buckwheat is a verie common hearbe and yet but little knowne by his name it is verie ordinarie in corne and tilled grounds about haruest time The Peasants of Champaigne doe commonly call it Veluote because in my judgement the leaues are hairie which name I mind not to change but rather to keepe for the easier knowing of the hearbe They make vse of it by applying it if at any time in shearing they happen to cut themselues with their sickles For to know it better therefore than onely by the name it putteth forth from the root fiue sixe seuen or eight small branches for the most part layed along vpon the earth of the length of a hand and sometime of a foot bearing leaues somewhat like vnto the little bindweed but indeed they be lesse and more round verie hairie and a little fattie The flower is small and of diuers colours drawing verie neere vnto a pale yellow but in greatnesse it commeth neâre vnto the flower of eyeâ bright but in shape and fashion vnto the nettle slower The water of the leaues and branches distilled whiles it is in force in a Limbeck in Maries-bath is singular
vlcer grown in her brests which was turned to a Noli me tangere for which neuer ânie bodie could find anie remedie and likewise that the Countesse of Ruffe had sought for all the famous Physitians of the Realme to cure her of a Ringwoâââ which she had in her face and that they could not all heale it he resolued with himselfe to send of it into France and thereupon accordingly sent it vnto king ãâã the second and vnto Queene mother and many other Lords of the Court together with the manner to order it and applie it to the abouenamed diseases as he himselfâ had ââund by experience as also vnto the Lord of Iarnac gouernour of Rocheââ with whom the said Embassadour had intercourse of letters by reason of the king his affaires which Lord Iarnac also told him one day sitting at table with the Queenâ mother that he had caused of the said Nicotiana to be distilled and had caused ãâã water thereof to be drunke being mixt with the water of eye-bright by one that ãâã stuffeâ in his lungs and that he was cured thereby This hearbe resembleth in figure fashion and qualities the great Comfrey in such sort as that a man would deeme it to be a kind of great Comfrey rather than a yellow Henbane as some haue thought It hath an vpright stalke not bending anie way thicke bearded or hairie and slimie The leaues are broad and long greene drawing somewhat toward a yellow not bearded or hoarie but smooth and slimie hauing as it were tallons but not either notched or cut in the edges a great deale bigger downeward toward the root than aboue as you see the smooth Docke leafe is which beareth small red seedes and not burres and the finer and clearer that such leaues are the better the Tabacco is esteemed Whiles it is young it is leaued and as it were lying vpon the ground but rising to a stalke and growing further it ceaseth to haue such a number of leaues below and putteth forth branches from halfe foot to halfe and storeth it selfe by that meanes with leaues and still riseth higher from the height of foure or fiue foot vnto three or foure or fiue cubits according as it is sowne in a hot and fat ground and carefully tilled The boughes and branches thereof put out at ioints and diuide the stalke by distances of halfe a foot the highest of which branches are bigger than an arme At the tops and ends of his branches and boughs it putteth forth flowers almost like vnto those of Nigella of a whitish and incarnate colour hauing the fashion of a little bell comming out of a swad or huske being of the fashion of a small goblet which hâske becommeth round hauing the fashion of a little apple or swords pummell assoone as the flower is gone and vanished away it is filled with verie small seeds like vnto those of yellow Henbane and they are blacke when they be ripe or greene whiles they are not yet ripe In a hot countrie it beareth leaues flowers and seeds at the same time in the ninth ãâã tenth moneth of the yere it putteth forth young sciences at the root and reneweth it selfe by this store and number of sciences and great quantitie of sprouts and yet not withstanding the roots are little small fine threddie strings or if otherwise they grow a little thicke yet remaine they still verie short in respect of the height of the plant The roots and leaues do yeeld a glewish and rosinish kind of juice somewhat yellow of a rosinlike smel not vnpleasant and of a sharpe eager and biting tast which sheweth that it is by nature hot more than in the second degree and drie in the first wherupon we must gather that it is no kind of yellow Henbane as some haue thought Nicotiana câaueth a fat ground well stirred and well manured also in this cold countrie that is to say an earth wherein the manure is so well mingled and incârporated as that it becommeth earthie that is to say all turned into earth and not making any shew any more of dung which is likewise moist and shadowie wide and roomie for in a narrow and strait place it would not grow high streight great and well branched It desireth the South Sunne before it and a wall behind it which may stand ââstead of a broad paire of shoulders to keepe away the Northerne wind and to beat backe againe the heat of the Sunne it would also be defended from the tossing and force of the wind by reason of his weakenesse and height it is true that it will be out of the daunger of the wind if the root be deepâly taken in the ground It groweth the better if it be oft watered and maketh it selfe spoât and jolly good cheere with water when the time becommeth a little drie It hateth the cold and therfore to keepe it from dying in Winter it must either be kept in cellars when it may haue free benefit of aire or else in some caue made of purpose within thesame garden or else to couer it as with a cloake verie well with a double mat making a penthouse of wicker worke from the wall to couer the head thereof with straw layed thereupon and when the Southerne Sunne shineth to open the doore of the couââ made for the said hearbe right vpon the said SoutââSunne For to sow it you must make a hole in the earth with your finger and that as deepe as your finger is long then you must cast into the same hole ten or twelue seeds of the sayd Nicotiana together and fill vp the hole againe for it is so small ãâã that if you should put in but foure or fiue seeds the earth would choake it and ãâã the time be drie you must water the place easily some fiue daies after it may be sowen also after the manner of Lettuses and such other hearbes mingling the mould verie well with the seed and afterward couering it most carefully Some mixe with the said earth verie cleane ashes being well siâted and made small but in a ãâã quantitie It is a long time in springing and putting forth and after that it is ãâã forth you must keepe it both from the cold and frost couering it in the night time euen whiles it is young and small and so it will be preserued and kept continually greene and beautifull And when the hearbe is growen out of the earth in as much as euerie seed will haue put vp his sprout and stalke and that the small threddiâ roots and intangled the one within the other you must with a great knife make ãâã great circle or compasse within the earth in the places about this plot where they grow and take vp the earth and all together and cast them into a bucketfull of water to the end that the earth may be seperated and the small and tender impes
And for this cause some make Sage Wine for ãâã drinke and a fomentation with the decoction of Sage for the trembling of the ãâã and other parts It comforteth the mother being taken in a fume at the secret ãâã by such fume it also stayeth the whites Such as cannot beare their conception ãâã their time but miscarrie vpon slight causes must oftentimes in the morningeat ãâã Sage leaues for they strengthen the retentiue facultie keepe aliue and strengthen ãâã child and make women verie fruitfull And this is the cause why the Egyptianâ ãâã a great mortalitie constrained their wiues to drinke the iuice of Sage with a little ãâã keeping themselues foure daies from hauing to doe with their husbands and then ãâã to lye with them that so they might conceiue and bring forth manie children To stirre vp appetite and cleanse the stomacke full of ill humours Sage ãâã be vsed oftentimes in pottage and otherwise it assuageth the paine of the head ãâã cleanseth the teeth and gummes it maketh a sweet breath being boyled in wine ãâã distilled water thereof doth cleare the sight the conserue of the flowers of Sage ãâã the like vertues Oake of Ierusalem called of the Latines Botrys craueth a drie and sandiâ ãâã or else a watrie ground but such a one as is sandie or grauellie We behold it also ãâã and then to grow in swift running Brookes Being once sowne it needeth not ãâ¦ã sowne againe afterward for it groweth againe euerie yeare and that as it were in ãâã of a shrub It hath vertues much like vnto Thyme that is to say it is goodââgainst the suppression of the termes and vrine Being dried and laid in ãâã it giueth a verie good smell vnto the garments and keepeth them from ãâ¦ã decoction thereof with Licorice is wonderfull good for such as haue a short ãâã and are ââuffed in their lungs if you put thereto a little Sugar or syrrup of ãâã âea and furthermore to such as spit matter vpon no other penaltie but that it be vâed a long time The hearbe parched vpon a hot tyle and besprinkled with Malmeâey and applyed vnto the bsllie asswageth the pains of the matrix yea and more too âf you adde thereunto the leaues of Mugwort and the flowers of Cammomile all friââd with oyle of Lillies and the yolke of an egge Horehound called in Latine Marrubium or Prassium as well the blacke ãâã the white groweth in euerie ground but rather in an vntilled than in a tilled ground you may also see it grow neere vnto walls hedges wayes and borders of fields ãâã is ârue that the wild deâireth wattie places as ditches little riuers moist and low plaâes It is verie good in decoction for the cough and difficultie of breath because it cleanseth the lungs and causeth spitting it prouoketh womens termes and bringâth âorth the after-birth Sea Romane and common Wormewood is not so much sowne or set because of his smell as for the profit that it bringeth vnto the health The Romane groweth in a sandie ground the Sea-Wormewood groweth in a salt and ashiâ ground âhe common in hillie stonie drie and vntilled grounds for to set them you must writhe the roots Wormwood amongst other his vertues almost infinite and admirable doth especially comfort the stomach laden with cholericke humours but not the stomach oppressed with flegmaticke humors and for that cause there is a Wine made of Wormwood and called by the same name The decoction of dogs-grasse his roots and the crops of Wormewood doe heale the Iaundise The conserue of the crops made of a pound thereof and three pounds of Sugar doth cure the old inâeterate and desperate dropsie if it be oftentimes vsed after purging it doth preserue likewise from drunkennesse It is an antidote in case a man haue âaten venimous Mushromes or taken downe any other venime especially the Hemlocke as also in bitings and stingings of Spideâs and other venimous beasts The juice mingled with the kernells of Peaches doth kill the Wormes The leaues made into ashes and mingled with oile of Roses doth make the haire blacke The leaues layed in Wardrobes doe keepe the garments and doe driue away Flies and Gnats Southernewood groweth best being planted of roots or shoots for it doth not so well being sowne of seed It cannot abide much cold nor much heat and therefore it must be planted in some such place of the garden as is temperate The seed the weight of a French Crowne stampt with some of the leaues in white Wine adding thereto an old Nut and a little Bole-Armoniacke all being stâayned and drunke is a singular drinke against the Plague and all manner of poyson The crops of the tops of the leaues and the flowers being beaten and stampt in oyle and made into the forme of a liniment doe serue to shift off the shiuerings of agues if so be that the soles of the feet and verebres of the backe oâ him that hath the ague be rubbed therewith Southernwood taken inward or applied outward doth kill wormes in young children It is true that Galen for biddeth the taking of it at the mouth because it is an enemie to the stomach Rosemarie loueth chiefly a reasonable sat ground it groweth in any ayre but best by the Sea sides and thereupon it beaâeth his name It must be planted in the Spring and Autumne of roots on braunches writhen and see fast in the earth and that in a warme place or at the least lying open vpon the Sunne and not such a place as is verie moist or subject vnto the Northernâ vvind because this plane can hardly endure the cold and therefore it must be planted vpon the South vader some wall and the good time of planting or it is when it will pricke and then you must take off the small young sprigs and set them three inches vvithin the earth making the earth fast and close vnto them aboue or else of some part of the most leauie branches therof which being afterward helped by making the ground light doth spread and continue fresh hauing no need to be watered except at the verie time of setting of it if the ground be ãâã and yet notwithstanding if it be watered it will prosper the better and flourish the more So long as it is young it would be diligently weeded and picked it requireth no dung but onely a good mould and to be compassed ãâã the root with good earth The lees of Wine and the scraps broken off from ãâã layd at the foot thereof doe cause it to grow maruellously There are two ãâã Rosemarie the one bearing seed and the other not Some plant it for food ãâã vnto Hiues because it flowreth betimes and for that the Bees doe greatly delighââ ãâã it and by it doe better continue in health as also make better honey than thâse which feed not vpon it at all The flowers of
there is no need of any other labour but keeping of it cleane from hurtfull weeds vntill such time as the said Madder be readie to be gathered in September for to take the seed of it The choyce of the roots which you intend to set and plant must be out of the countrie of high Prouence being more Easterly and coole and as for the sight and tast of them they must be more yellow thicke and stringed comming neere vnto the colour of the true Prouence Orange-tree verie bitter in tast and in seething for the triall of it more red and full of juice that is to say not so drie and withered The time to plant is from March be ended vnto mid-May and as for the best and most profit to be expected from it it is not to be attained or come by till after the two first yeares after the first planting of it and withall you must make a sure defence about your ground against the comming in of cattell for there can no greater hurt happen vnto it In Italie they vse not to take vp the roots of Madder till after they haue continued ten yeares in the ground either set or sowne but they cut the boughes of it euerie yeare to haue the seed and after they couer the roots one after another laying two fingers depth of earth vpon euerie one the measure bâing ââken from his chiefe and principall to the end the frost may not hurt them and that so the roots may grow the thicker after the eight or tenth yeare they pull vp the roots drying them in the Sunne and afterward when they would grind or presse them they doe further drie them in a great Ouen made for the purpose and so presse them vnder a Mill-stone and this is called the fine Madder Thus they haue found by expââence that looke how much the longer they delay the gathering of the root so much the more Madder haue they euerie yeare and that fine which is more than if they should take vp the roots euerie yeare You may both sow it and plant it in the samâ place where you haue taken it vp or which is better sow that place for the nexâ two or three yeares following with wheat because it will beare verie faire and great store thereof in as much as the field wherein Madder hath beene sowne is âade much fairer and better thereby as whereof it may be said this ground hath rested it selfe seeing the root hath done nothing but brought forth boughs for seed and that the leaues falling from them doe as much feed the ground as the ground doth the roots and boughes But Autumne being come and when you see that the hearbe beginneth to lookâ yellow and to loose his naturall colour you shall draw it out or pull it vp with the spade or pickaxe and shall strip the roots from their leaues which you shall cast vpon small heapes to drie for the space of three or foure daies if the weather be such as it should or else sixe or eight daies in a rainie and moist weather then you shal cauââ them to be taken vp dusted and scraped that so they may haue none of their haiâie strings at them and when they are thus made cleane you shall keepe them whole or ground into powder either grosse and great or more fine and small either for your owne vse or for the sale Madder is in this one thing much to be maruelled at in that it colourââh his vrine that shall but hold it in his hands and which is more it maketh the bones and flesh of those cattell red which haue beene fed with it some certaine time some say that the powder of it is so penetratiue and so taketh vp the nosâhrills as that it inâânimeth and killeth many in a few yeares The decoction procureth vâine and thâ termes of women and coloureth egges red that shall be boyled with it The ãâã because they are rough and stiffe are good to scowre brasse vessell CHAP. LVI Of Woad AS concerning Woad it is tilled in a field and requireth much labour ãâã as the Nauets or Turneps though there be no part of it in request but the vppermost and that which is furthest off from flowers and stalkes it doth not feare frost raine or extraordinarie cold Indeed it doth not craue any long rested fat ground but a strong ground and such as may be said to be in good plight rather than an indifferent and light it groweth better also in groundâ which haue layed fallow three or foure yeares before or which haue beene Medoâground two yeares before than in grounds which haue beene well tilled which ãâã cleane contrarie vnto Madder which craueth as much helpe as the ground oppointed for wheat or vines yea and it craueth the rest of soyle and set from one yeare to one for otherwise the roots when they are set doe degenerate oftentimes and miââârie loosing their force and goodnesse And whereas Madder doth fat the groââd Woad doth make it leane and therefore it must not be sowne in a leane groââd where it euermore groweth but little and where it proueth almost nothing woâââ but rather in a ground that is well manured before it be sowne as also renewed wiââ dung when it is to be sowne But the best approued ground of all other to sow woad in is that which hath laine long swarth and hath seldome beene broken vp ãâã wherein you are to obserue that in the ploughing vp of such grounds you must turne vp a great and a deepe furrow laying them broad and flat ãâ¦ã that the seed may be throughly well couered and that the swatth rotting vnderneath and above the same may be as a warme and comfortable meanure to make it flourish and increase Being sowne of seed it must be diligently harrowed to the end it may be wel couered and incorporate with the earth and when the planes haue put forth their leaues the height of two fingers you must weed and digge it about mid-Aprill or somewhat later according as the time hath beene faire or rainie then shortly afterward you must gather the leaues and they being gathâred you must weed and diggâ the feet of the said roots ãâã left voyd of their leaues and this must be continued âuerie moneth that is to say Iune Iulie August and Sepââmber in such sort that ãâã as the leaues are gathered from foot to foot fiue times so they must be digged ãâã the earth cast as oft and that so soone as the gathering of the leaues is past and this labour of digging is ordinarily to be seuen ââmes gone ouer that is to say the fiâe times now spoken of and the two first which are before any gathering of the leaues doe fall The manner of gathering them is in this soât When the leaues begin to be coloured about the edges and not in the middest you must take them from plant to plant in your hand and breake them off in such manner from the
and Fullers clay tempered together with water You may make Quinces of what fashiââ you will if you teach them to grow in moulds of wood or baked earth As coââââning the meanes to keepe them we shall speake of that hereafter The garden and reclaimed Quince-tree beareth two sorts of fruits the ãâ¦ã male which is called the Quince Apple the other the female which is called the Quincesse thus differing the male is lesse more writhled and wrinkled drier of a sweeter smell and of a more golden colour than the Quincesse the wild Quince is verie odoriferous but of a verie hard flesh If you graft a male Quince-tree vpon a female or the female vpon the male you shall haue tender Quinces and ãâã as may be eaten raw whereas the other are not fit to bee eaten before they ãâã prepared The smell of Quinces is contrarie vnto venime and poyson also the Quinââ ãâã selfe doth comfort the stomacke stay the flux of the bellie and make men to ãâ¦ã sweet breath For which reason wise Solon as saith Plutarch did ãâ¦ã onely the betrothed but also the married women that they should neuer lye ãâã their husbands but that they should first eat of the flesh of a Quince And yet notwithstanding the woman with child when she draweth neere the time of her deliâârance may not vse Quinces although that in vsing of them in the time of her beiâg with child they will be some meanes of her bringing forth of a faire babe Soââ make a confection of Quinces called Marmalade which is verie soueraigne againââ the flux of the bellie which is prepared and made in manner as we will shew in the fiue and fortieth chapter according vnto which patterne wee may make a laxatâââ Marmalade after this sort Take of Quinces cleansed from their Pippins cut theâ in quarters but pare them not boyle them throughly in water then sâraine them through a cleane Linnen cloth and wring them out diligently then boyle them againe with Sugar putting thereto a sufficient quantitie of Rubarbe in powder This Marmalade purgeth verie speedily and withall comforteth the stomacke and the liuer In stead of Rubarbe you may put some other laxatiue thereunto as ãâã Agaricke or such like The Cydoniatum or Marmalade of Lyons is ãâ¦ã Scammonie CHAP. XXVI Of Oranges Assyrian Citrons common Citrons Limons and Pome-adams THe Orange Assyrian Citron and Limon desire to be set vpon the South or South-west wind for being touched with such winds as are ãâã and moist they become more aboundant in iuice better coloured and thicker which is the cause that the Sea-coasts being haunted with ãâã said-winds doe abound with durable plants and such trees bringing âorth ãâã fruitfully for others set vpon the North and North-east are not thereby so ãâã fitted Some make Nurseries of these kind of trees sowing their seeds in ãâã They will affirme and giue it out likewise that they grow of siences set and ãâã downe in small furrowes or stucke downe in baskets and some doâ ãâ¦ã vpon the stocke neere ynough vnto the root and that in Aprill and in May ãâã some say that they may be grafted after the manner of the Scutcheon like graft ãâã the moneths of Summer putting their pippins in a pot or basket neere vnto ãâã tree where you would they should be grafted or halfe swallowed but the ãâã certaine direction and instruction about these Trees is that which is set ãâã in the second Booke and whereunto also wee referre you for the same ãâã The Pome-adam-tree is much to be esteemed euen of the best Gardiners not in reâpect of his fruit which indeed is more beautifull than profitable in as much as it is ââeither good to eat raw nor yet to preserue but onely fit to wash the hands or else to ãâã in the hand but to graft Citron-trees Orange-trees Limon-trees and Assyââan Citron-trees vpon as wee haue said in the second Booke because they prosper ââaruellously vpon this tree and bring forth verie quickly faire and great fruit espeââally the Orange-tree We haue entreated in the second Booke of the differences ãâã Oranges Citrons Meâons and Assyrian Citrons whereunto we will further adde ãâã the Citron of Assyria is of a verie good smell but of little sweetnesse or anie ââther tast and therefore it is vsuall to eat his flesh with salt or sugar or with salt and ââineger The Limon differeth from this kind of Citron because the Limon is lesse ãâã colour drawing toward a greene bunching out both aboue and below after the ââanner of womens nipples As for Pome-adams they are round twice or thrice as great as Oranges not haââing a verie thicke rind rugged vneuen and hauing manie clefts or chaps varie maâifestly appearing like to the prints of teeth Some thinke they had this name giuen âf being the Apple which Adam did bite vpon in this earthly Paradise They are ââellished almost like Limons but not altogether so pleasant If you cut it in the âalfe and season it with the fine powder of Brimstone and after rost the same vnââer the ashes and rubbe therewith the itching bodie or anie part thereof it will âeale the same CHAP. XXVII Of the Figge-tree FIgge-trees are either white carnation red pale or green and some also be blacke There are some that beare before the cold come others are more late in their fruit and againe of all these some beare a small fruit as namely the white ones and othersome a great and grosse fruit stanâââng out with great bellies as by name the blacke ones of which yet further there ãâã one kind that beareth long Figges hauing almost no bellies and these draw noâhing neere in goodnesse vnto the great bellied ones and those which are more short All sorts of Figge-trees loue a hot ayre and countrey a drie and stonie ground insoâuch as that it ceaseth not bearing of excellent fruit amongst the heapes of small ââones prouided that there be good store of depth of earth to spread and sinke âowne his roots into at ease Such a tree as manie others is apt for hot Countries âut hee that would haue of them to grow in cold Countries must make choice of ââose which bring forth their fruit before the cold time of the yeare and must couer ãâã with some shield in Winter and compasse it about the foot with fat ground or âung of Oxen or Asses verie well rotted for otherwise it will yeeld him no pleaâure This tree is so full of pith and his fruit so moist as that if you water it the fruit will not keepe but yet you may vnder-digge and digge it to the end that the nights âet may enter into it You must take from it all dead and rotten wood not suffering ây it the water to find anie standing vpon the tree for otherwise the fruit would not haue anie tast or sauour The Plant of the Figge-tree which is of a branch or of shoots newly put forth ãâã planted in October
make candles in such countries as where the oyle is much in request as in Mirebalois and thereabout it affordeth a gristle betwixt the two halfes of the kernell which being dried in the shadow after that the kernell is once perfected and afterward made into powder and drunke with a ãâã draught of red vvine doth by and by assuage the paine of the colicke as also the fruit comming of it when it is worth nothing but to make refuse and outcastings of as the nut growne old and all hoarie ceasâth not notwithstanding to doe good seruice for and if you burne it lightly or squeese it out easily with a hot yrââ the oyle that then wil come forth of it is singular good to take away blewnesse of strokes whether about the eyes or elsewhere in the face or other part of the bodie the old ãâã serueth also for other vses as shall be said by and by The wood of the walnut tree is good and handsome to put in worke when you would make any faire and ãâã worke because it is listed and smooth of his owne nature The small buds of the walnut-tree called of he Latins Iuli appearing in March being dried and after powdred and drunke with white vvine the weight of a French crowne are exceedingly good in the suffocation of the matrix The oyle of the nut drunke to the quantitie of fiue or sixe ounces doth cure the colicke if you mixe a little quicke lime amongst the oyle of nuts it will make a singular liniment for the swellings and shortnesse of the sinews The old oyle of walnuts cureth the falling of the haire called Tinea If you pill off the greene pillings of the walnuts and cast them into water and after cast this vvater vpon the ground there will grow from thence great store of wormes good for fishers if you boyle the pillings in a câldron after they be fallââ from the Tree as opening of themselues and rubbe any kind of white wood whatsoeuer with this water it will turne to the colour of the Walnut-tree but more faire and beautifull Some steepe the barke of the roots of Walnut-trees in vinegar and after lay it vpon the wrests of such as haue the ague This draweth out all the heat of the ague but it swelleth the skin of the wrest Some make a soueraigne mithridate against the plague as we haue said in the chapter of rue with two old walnuts three figges twentie leaues of rue and one graine of salt The walnut closed vp in a hen or capon set to the fire to roast causeth the said hen or capon to be the sooner roasted The distilled vvater of vnripe Walnuts gathered about Midsommer is singular good to driue away tertian agues if one take about some foure or fiue ounces of it The Walnut either new or drie but yet the drie somewhat lesse is of hard digestion causeth head-ach and hurteth the cough and short breath and therefore it must be vsed sparingly steepe whole walnuts pillings and shells and all in a sufficient quantitie of water vntill such time as that their shell be sufficiently softned and moistened and that the kernell may be pilled easily from the thin filme that couereth it ouer as it falleth out in greene walnuts this done take the kernells so pilled and let them steepe in a pot vvell couered in verie good Aqua-vitae giue two daies after two or three of these kernells whole to a woman that cannot haue her termes for the space of eight or nine daies before her accustomed time of hauing her termes and that in the morning and after that she hath purged This medicine hath neuer a match in prouoking of the termes that are stayed and it is a thing well proued And as for the manner of keeping and preseruing of them we will speake in his fit place If the same day that you haue beene bitten of a dogge which you doubt to haue beene madde you put vpon the biting an old nut well brayed and after take it away and cast it to a hungrie cock or hen if the same eating it die not it is a signe that the dogge which did bite you was not madde but and if it die then it is a signe that he was madde and therefore the sore must be looked vnto as is meet within three daies CHAP. XXXIIII Of the Oliue-tree NOw we come to speak of the Oliue-tree which is for the most part small thicke of leaues and round for there are some sorts also that haue great branches dispersed here and there out of order both the one and the other sort are contented with a shallow ground for in many places they grow vpon the thin green swarth or turfe that couereth the rocks vpon the ground hanging vpon the sides of some great steeres thus you may see how the oliue-tree disposeth of it selfe euerie where how vnfitting and vnlikely soeuer that the ground be prouided that it haue a warme ayre and Easterly or Southerly wind at command He that would carefully appoint it out such a plot as the vine would require might erre in many places for the oliue-tree is not so much to be regarded in respect of his soyle and seat at the vine for it contenteth it selfe with a great deale lesse than the vine vvill If you giue it ground that is good and fat earth and the Sunne and Winds which it delighteth in in other places doubt not but it will doe as the Spaniard who pleaseth himselfe with as good as nothing when he knoweth not how to amend himselfe or do better and performeth his seruice therewithall but if he come where he may but haue the smell of it he is stuffed as full as the greatest ãâã in all Lymosin so the Oliue-tree being once seised in his tallance of a good piece of ground contenteth it selfe and beareth fruit handsomely As concerning the planting of it vpon the North in hot Countries and there searing it vpon the toppes of mountaines or lesser hills or vpon the South in cold Countries these are but troubles and paines without anie great foundation for as concerning cold Countries there is no talke to be had of growing of Oliue-trees in them and as concerning hot Coââtries there is neither taking nor leauing of quarters or coasts in respect of this tree The Oliue-tree doth encrease it selfe by shoots which it putteth forth at the sootâ for being pulled vp vnhurt and planted elsewhere they grow vp verie speedily And to prepare them a faire place to grow in you must digge them pits where you mind to set them a yeare before hand of foure foot depth and if you cannot haue holes made readie for them so long before but must be constrained to set them downe in new digged ones then you must season and purifie the said holes by burning of the leaues and some small branches of the Oliue-tree therein or else some straw at the least for the fire
about it and to wax old which it casteth forth or else by reason of the mosâe which it gathereth and for that cause it would haue his gumme taken away at the beginning of cold weather and the mosâe rubbed off with a rough Linnen cloth or a mosâe rubber of Horse-haire and this at all times There happeneth likewise vnto it an vindisposedesse through the fault of the Gardiner not casting the ground about the foot or cutting off the rotten and corrupt wood whereupon it turneth in and rowleth it selfe vp into small balls sometimes in one place sometimes in moe and this is a disease which being neglected doth spread it selfe in the end all ouer the tree from one end to another and bringeth it wholly to distruction and therefore so soone as you shall see the sicke tree in this sort to crumple and runne vpon heapes you must cut off verie cleane all the boughes thus diseased whereof it would be murdered and killed euen to the sound and whole branches and withall to order husband it in all good sort about the foot to the taking away of this euili humor which in this maner crooketh and causeth to turne round his wood There happeneth also sometimes by reason of some secret cause that it so languisheth as that it giueth ouer to beare fruit for the putting of it in heart againe you must lay open his roots and cast vpon them the lees of oyle mingled with water or else the stale of oxen or mans vâine or cast vpon the roots the ashes of Vine branches throughly boyled All Plums in generall are cold and moist more or lesse the sweet ones lesse the sowre and sharpe ones more The sweet Plums haue vertue to loosen the belly and yet they will purge more strongly if at such time as when the Plum-tree is young there be taken from it some part of the pith of the stocke or else one of his boughes and the place filled vp againe with Scammonie They will in like manner procure sleepe if you put into the said emptied places the iuice of Mandrakes or Opium Sharpe and tart Plums are giuen to stay the belly There is great account made in Prouence of the Plums of Brignoles by reason of their pleasant tast In France throughout and euerie where else there is a speciall account made of Damaske Plums which are of three sorts the black red and violet colour all of them prouing verie excellent in the Countrey of Tourraine for from thence are sent throughout all France of them dried which are vsed at all times The Plums of Pardigoine are likewise greatly esteemed by reason of their plumpenesse and pleasant tast Furthermore Dates are verie rare and scarce in this Country namely those which come neere to the Dates of other strange Countries which are more pleasant relished than anie other Some likewise make account of Rhemish Plums dried by reason of the pleasant tartnesse and sharpnesse which they haue CHAP. XXXIX Of the Pomegranate-tree COncerning the Pomegranate-tree it requireth little husbanding ãâã yeeldeth small delight to the sight by reason of his ill-fauored branches and boughs saue so long as it is bearing his fruit before it come to perfect ripenesse and yet put out quartered and as it were laid open to thâ shew out of his coat and couering this tree is the most delightsome to behold of all others the frame and fashion of whose flower and fruit being well considered iââ worke of Nature right admirable there is not that raine that scorching heat of thâ Sunne nor yet almost that fading and decaying old age which can cause it to forgoe his goodly shew of Rubies and yet notwithstanding how famous a thing soeâer it be it groweth without anie daintie or delicate handling and looking to and that sometimes at the foot of a wall sometimes in the midst of a heape of stones and sometimes amongst the hedges by high waies sides It is true that it craueth a hot Countrey and where it may not be debarred of the Sunne and if it happen to be set at any time in a fat ground it maketh his best aduantage of it being in this respect like vnto the Oliue-tree whereof we haue spoken before And if it be in such a Countrey as iâ fit for it you need not to thinke either of the digging or vnder-digging of it for it reckoneth not of seeing it selfe set in a great heape of stones as neither to breake crosse-wise through a ruinous wall neither ceaseth ât for anie such thing from bringing forth his good and pleasant fruit but in cold Countries where it hardly groweth it would be digged and husbanded about the foot twice a yeare that is to say in Autumne and in the Spring It will grow either vpon roots or of grafting in the cleft and that vpon it selfe about March or Aprill but and if you will plant it vpon somâ branch that hath roots you must chuse such a one as is a handfull thicke and make it a delightsome and fine moulded pit Some would haue it thrust into the earth with a stake by it as is vsuall in setting Willow plants but I cannot find that this way of thrusting it downe thus into the earth doth proue to anie good The Pomegranate-tree will not loose his flower if when as it is flowred you compasse the flocke about with a ring or hoope of Lead or with the old slough of an Adder The wine of Pomegranats is made of this sort You must take the ripe kernels cleane and free from their skins and put them in the presse where they must be pressed by and by Some straine them through bagges made for the purpose some ãâã them to be put into vessels vntill it be well fined in the end they powre oyle vpoâ them that they may not corrupt or grow sowre The Pomegranate Apple put in a pot of new earth well couered and ãâã with clay set in an Ouen and in the end so well parched as that it may be made into powder then such powder taken the weight of halfe a crowne with red wine doth helpe thâ partie maruellously that hath the bloudie flux The innermost flowers of thâ Pomegranate made vp in conserue with Sugar haue an incredible force to stay ãâã manner of fluxes of the Matrix whether white or red taken in the quantitie of ãâã an ounce with the iuice of sowre Pomegranates or red wine or water wherein ãâã hath beene quenched as also to stay the bloudie flux the shedding of nature thâ flux of the guts or of the stomacke The kernels of sowre Pomegranates dâied made into powder and after mingled the weight of an ounce with a ãâã of fine powdred Frankincense and two drammes of this powder taken euerie morning doe stay the whites CHAP. XL. Of the Ceruise-tree THe Ceruise-tree as well the male as the female delighteth in a cold moist and mountainous place but in a hot and plaine
the same colour as likewise wild Wound-wort which Dioscorides calleth Hercules his wound-wort is very good foreseene that it grow not too great Germander likewise is good being called of the Grecians small Oake by reason of the figure of the lease Little Rampions likewise is very good because of the root which helpeth forth Lent sallads as wel as the Cresses wild Saffron is not good because of his flower seeing both the root and it doe kill beasts euen as Hemlock doth which is called Birds-bane neither yet water Pepper as being venimous through his heat and vsing to grow only in standing stinking waters as laughing Smallage doth called Herba Sardonica because it maketh men and beasts to seeme to laugh when it killeth them in like maner wild Woad Bucks-beard Hartstong wild low growing All-good both sorts of Violets the lesse Centaurie all the three sorts of Daisies and especially those which are called Gold-cups or little Crow-foot and the three-leaued grasse of the Medowes are all of them singular good hearbes for the fruitfulnesse of the Medow ground The Garlicke which is called Serpentina and which a man would iudge to be a little small rush of a reasonable length doth not amisse no more than the true and small water Germander which is often found in the Medowes of Cheles and elsewhere but great store of it maketh the hay to smell ill as on the contrarie Penyryall maketh it smell sweet and so likewise Organiâ of both sorts the three sorts of Balme and Costmarie but Mints and that Hore-hound which is wild Camomile are nothing worth Great quantitie and store of wild Fetch causeth the hay to be verie full of nourishment for cattell the lesse Plantaine Siluer-grasse of both sorts Peachwort so called because it carrieth a flower like a Peach-tree and Burnet the three sorts of Shepheards needles called of the ancient Writers Storks-bills by reason of the fashion of the peake that followeth in place after the Hower whereof hearbe Robert is one doe verie well for cattell and cure them of the grauell causing them to make their ãâã in aboundance Millefoile and Prunell called the Carpenters hearbe because it is good for cuts are also good and verie sweet of smell but Quitch-grasse called Dogs-grasse doth destroy the Medow as much as Balme doth mend it and encreaseth milke in Kine as great Hares-foot doth in Goats and in like manner as Veruaine and Groundswell are good hearbes for Conies Looke well that Thistles set not their foot within your Medow except it be the blessed Thistle with the yellow flower or else the little Thistle and that but about the borders or edges of the Medow and that it haue the leaues of Sow-thistle though it be smaller and spotted as it were with drops of milke and therefore it is called Maries Thistle The red and blew Pimpernell because of their flowers as also the white are as good there as either the male or female Mercurie though these hearbes delight rather to grow in the wayes and amongst Vines as doe also the Bindweed and Nightshade Flax-weed which differeth from Esula in as much as it hath no milke and groweth high as Line doth saue that it hath a yellow flower is good but Esula or Spurge is naught as is also Hypericum for these two are both of them verie hot and shrewd fellowes Melilot the small and the great Myrrhis which hath leaues like Fennell and diuers diuided white flowers is of great vertue and sweet after the smell of Myrrhe To be short the Carret and Cheruile doe serue greatly for the nourishing and goodnesse of the hay But aboue all there is no hearbe nor seed more excellent to be nourished or sowne in the Medowes than Saxifrage is for amongst all huswiues it is held an infallible rule That where Saxifrage growes there you shall neuer haue ill Cheese or Butter especially Cheese Whence it commeth that the Netherlands abound much in that commoditie and only as is supposed through the plentie of that hearb only And for the better affirmation or proofe thereof you shall vnderstand that all good huswiues which will carrie any reputation for good Cheese-making doe euer dresse their cheslep-bags and earning with Saxifrage as the only hearbe that giueth a most perfit season to the same Now albeit I haue here deliuered you a particular collection of the seeds of all those hearbs which are most necessarie to be sowne in Medows yet I would not aduise you to be so curious as to bestow your labour in culling these seeds from the rest or to sow them in your Medows with that care and respect that you sow seeds in your Garden for lesse paines will serue only I would with you when you intend to sow your Medowes which would be either in the Spring or in Autumne to goe if you be vnprouided to such a neighbor or Farmer neere vnto you as is owner of some fine and delicate piece of Medow void of grosse filthie weeds stump-grasse knot-grasse peny-grasse speare-grasse or Burnet and from him you shal buy the sweepings or scââtrings of his Hay-barne floore as also those sweepings which shall be vnder those windows or holes in at which the husbandman putteth hay when he vnloads it and these sweepings you shal sow vpon your Medows as thick as you can strew them for the thicker is euer the better and you must foresee that when you thus sow your Medowes you cause your ground to be as bare eaten before as is possible especially with Sheepe because as they bite the neerest of all cattell to the ground so they bestow vpon it their manure or dung which is the fattest and most fruitfullest of all other and maketh the seeds instantly to sprout after the first shower You shall also obserue when you sow your Medowes whether it be at the Spring or at the fall to see and if the dung of the cattell which last grazed vpon the same lye upon it still in heapes as when it fell from their bodies and this dung you shall raise from the ground and with beetles made for the purpose beat them into verie small pieces and so spread them generally ouer the whole Medow and then sow your seeds amongst them for by this meanes your seeds will quickly take root There is also another way of enriching of Medowes especially such as lye high and out of the dangers of flouds which for the most part are euer the barrennest and that is by the foddering or feeding of cattell vpon the same in the Winter season as thus The husbandman shall in the barrennest part of his Medow ground which is safest from waters or flouds make vp his hay in a large and handsome Stacke or Reeke either round or square according to his pleasure or the quantitie of the hay and this Stacke thus made he shall fence about with thorne or other hedge-ware to keepe
indifferently serued with vvater not such a one as hath any fresh springs or fountaines either breaking out euen with the vppermost face of the earth neither yet carried along within in the depth of the earth below but only in such sort as that neere vnto them there may be water to moisten their rootes withall and the same moisture must not be either bitter or salt to the end that the tast and âauor of the wine may not be spoiled So that by this it appeareth that it is not meet to plant Vines in deepe and low valleyes albeit they might and would bring forth grapes in great abundance and that because they would not ripen in due time and so there would be made of them no better than a green vvine of small value adde hereunto that Vines seated in low valleyes are very much endangered by the Frosts of the Winter and Spring time and are also subiect to haue their grapes to burst and to runne out their iuice and to rot vvhich vvould cause a musâie and foughtie taste in the vvine and therewithall vvhen the yeare is rainie the kernels cleaue and burst out through the abundance of moisture by reason vvhereof the grape being in this sort too much moistened and nothing at all dried the vvine becommeth vnsauorie and apt to grow sowre and fall into many other faults And if you happen to light on such a place then chuse to plant there such plants and yong shootes as may beare clusters not too thicke set but growing somewhat thin that so the Sunne may pierce through them much lesse may you plant those Vines vvhich haue their pith taken out and bring forth a firme and solid grape in cold and moist grounds as neither yet in a hote and drie ground such Vines as haue substance enough in them and beare a grape somevvhat soft But chiefly if your place be so well appointed by nature as that it consist of and containe grounds that are fit and meet vpon the tops of great hills together vvith some low and small hills then make choice of them to plant your Vines thereupon It is true that it vvill hardly grow there at the first but hauing once taken roote it vvill yeeld a verie pleasant and noble vvine such as the vvines of Ay Hadre Argentueil Meudon and Seurre be In generall if you vvould plant a Vine vvhich may profite you in bringing forth abundant store of good fruit you must see that the ground be gentle easie fine and indifferent light to be stirred not as though such a ground onely vvere good for Vines but for that it is most kind naturall and best agreeing for Vines to be planted in sandie stonie grauelly and flintie ground as also such as consisteth of a Potters clay in the bottome and couered ouer with earth is good prouided that they be intermingled with some fat earth and that they be often refreshed by being digged euen to the veine of stones or rocke In a sandie clayie and churlish stubborne ground the first digging and casting of it must be good deepe and such grounds also would be thrise digged or cast at the least Such grounds bring forth strong and delicate vvines but such grounds as haue of stones or flints great store vpon the vppermost face of the earth are not fit for Vines because in Summer they stand at a stay by reason of the great heat of the Sunne being beat back vpon them by the said stones and they doe no better in Winter because of the excessiue cold which in like manner then troubleth them True it is that if a Vine be planted in a grauelly rockie and stonie ground that then it will not be needfull to cast so deepe because the roote is not so farre downe into the earth as is the new planted Vineyard which is made in a sandie âoile and it is contented with twise digging for the most part A soile standing vpon Walkers clay or marle as loegây vpon Yonne is verie good for Vines but the ground standing vpon a Potters clay is not good In like sort the grauelly ground is not altogether fit for though it yeeld a daintie good wine yet it yeeldeth but a veâie little and there also the new planted Vineyard is very subiect vnto the hauing of his grapes washed away The drie and burning earth doth yeeld leane Vines if it be not helped by the dunghill As concerning the power of the Sunne and disposition of the ayre the Vine delighteth not to be planted vpon the tops of mountains and much lesse in places lying open vnto the Northeast winde but it delighteth in an ayre that is rather hote than colde and faire rather than rainie it cannot abide tempests and stormes it reioiceeth in a small gentle and friendly winde and would bee turned toward the East or South It is true that generally in cold places vines must stand vpon the South and in hot places vpon the North or East prouided that they be sheltred at such time from the winds as well of the South as of the East if the place be subiect to Winds it will be better that it should be to the Northerne or Westerne Windes than otherwise in temperate places either vpon the East or West but the best is towards the East Furthermore in as much as it is a very difficult thing to find all these commodities and good properties of ground and aire in euery countrie the good workeman shall fit the plants of his vines vnto the nature of the places and countries wherefore in a fat and âertile ground he shall set the young plant of a small vine and such a one as beareth but little as the Morillion the Melier and the Aubeine and in a leane ground the plant that is very fruitfull as that of Samoureau Tresseau Lombard Ouch Muscadet Beauuois and Pulceau in a thicke and close ground the plant that is strong and putteth forth great store of wood and leaues as that of Morillion Morlou Tresseau and Pulceau in a small mould and reasonable fat ground the plant which putteth forth but a little wood as that of Samoureau Lombard and Beaulnois and by this meanes the defect and want or the excesse and superfluitie of any qualitie in the young plant of the vine shall be supplied or corrected by the nature of the ground and that in such sort and manner as that of two excesses shall spring one meane and well tempered thing which is a point to be wished and requisite in the growing of all sorts of plants Furthermore he may not plant in moist places the young plant which is giuen to beare tender and grosse grapes as that of Samoureau Gouet Mourlous Pulceau Cinquaine and Tresseau In places âossed with winds and stormes he must prouide to plant such a kind of vine as is woont to bring forth hard grapes and sticking fast and close vnto the stalke but on the contrarie that which shall haue accustomed to beare tender
faire and beautifull Weather Hee shall plough the grounds that are drie light white leane sandie full of roots and great hearbes and which were not eared in October Hee shall giue the second eare vnto those his grounds that are most barren and scatter vpon them the chaffe of Beanes Wheat or Barley Hee shall cut downe the boughes of the Willowes for Railes for Vines and Stakes for Hedges Hee shall prepare props and thicke square Laths to vnderset his Vines Hee shall cut and take away the superfluous boughes of the Trees the Moone decreasing Hee shall turne the vppermost of all the dung made since S. Martins day vndermost and contrarily to the end it may be well rotten when hee shall carrie it out to spread it vpon his Field and Medow Hee shall furnish afresh or make new his Carts Tumbrels Ploughes and other his Instruments necessarie for his Husbandrie Hee shall make prouisions of verie sharpe yron tooles to cut and cleanse his Trees and Vines Aboue all things let them beware of Sowing because the Earth as then is too open heauie full of vapours and like vnto Wooll not well carded In Februarie in the new Moone he shall transplant Vines of two or three yeare which shall now alreadie haue taken good root but he shall not touch them of one yeare which will not be remoued because of the small strength which they haue as yet got He shall carrie dung out into his Corne-fields Vineyards Medowes and Gardens Hee shall cast trenches for the planting of new Vines Hee shall cut the roots of the Vines and set square Laths or Props for the defending of them Hee shall prune and cleanse the Trees of whatsoeuer is superfluous Hee shall cleanse them from wormes âilthinesse and worme-eatings canker and rottennesse which are to be found in the drie leaues Hee shall make readie his garden-Garden-grounds to sow and set therein all manner of hearbes Hee shall giue the Earth her second earing for the receiuing of Beanes Barley Oates Hempe Millet and such other Seed of small Pulse He shall ouerlooke his Vines especially those which he knoweth to be weake and tender He shall repaire the Hedges of his Gardens He shall plant woods for Timber-trees aud Talwood He shall also plant the slips of Oliue trees Pomegranate trees Quince trees Figge trees Poplaâ trees Willow trees Elme trees Osiers and others as well Fruit Trees as wild ones which haue roots Hee shall cleanse the Doue-house Henne-house and place where the Peacocks and Geese make their haunt because that these Cattell in the end of this moneth begin to be hot and to tread Hee shall over-looke his Warren to stoaâe it anew and to handsome vp the Earths Hee shall buy Bees he shall make cleane their Hiues verie carefully and kill their Kings Hee shall buy Faulcons Sparrow-hawkes and other Birds of the prey which he shall put into Mue in the end of this moneth In March euen in the beginning of it he shall sow Lyne Woad if it were not sowne in Februarie Oates Barley Millet Pannick Hempe Peason Lentils Tare euerlasting Lupines small kinds of Corne as the Fetch Fasels and other such like bitter kinds of small Pulse He shall gâue a second carder vnto new plowed fallowes which are now by this ãâã well amended and dunged so as that he may make them readâe to sow He shall weed his Corne he shall get Grifts to graft when the sap beginneth to climbe the Trees and before that they put forth any buds He shall plant these Fruits great Nuts Chesnuts Almonds small Nuts Filberds and the stones of Oliues and Apricocks and diuers other Fruits He shall sow diuers Nurseries with the kernels of Apples Peares Mulberries and such other like Fruits He shall plant such Hearbes aâ are set low and close by the ground as the slips of Artichokes Thistles necessarie for vse Sage Lauander Rosemarie Strawberrie Gooseberrie-bush Roses Lillies Ciâruls Cucumers Melons and Pompions He shall trim vp his Gardens as well âor the Kitchin or commoditie as that which is drawne into quarters or for pleasure and shall sow therein whatsoeuer necessarie Seeds He shall cut and vncouer the roots of Vines and Fruit-trees to the end they may bring forth more fruit He shall put dung to the roots of the Trees he shall gather vp the loppings to make Fuell of In Aprill about S. George his day you shall set abroad your Citron and Orenge Trees as also all such other Trees as you had kept within house from S. Martins day from which he shall remoue the earth from foot to foot taking from them such roots as are put forth towards the vppermost part of the earth as also all superfluous boughes not suffering any one branch to exceed another either in breadth or height He shall plant if he haue not alreadie done it Oliue trees Pomegranate trees Citron trees and Mulberrie trees and shall prune them carefully He shall graft the Figge tree Chesnut tree Cherrie tree and Orenge tree He shall cut the new Vine for at this time it endureth best to be cut He shall be carefull to feed his Pigeons because at this time they find but little in the fields He shall put Horse to his Mares the hee-Asse to the shee-Asse and Rams to the Ewes He shall make cleane the Hiues of the Honey-flies and shall kill the Butterflies which abound when Mallowes are in flower In May hee shall water the Trees that are newly planted hee shall sheare his Shâepe fill vp his Wines gather great store of Butter and make much Cheese gâld his Calues and begin to looke to his Bees and Silkewormes of which he shall gather together a great number He shall weed his Corne cast the earth off his Vines the second time vncouering and freeing their roots from the earth about them to the end that the heat may not hurt them he shall take away all the greene branches and tender boughes which beare no fruit he shall crop the ouer-ranke boughes of Trees he shall graft such Oliue trees as must be grafted in the bud In Iune hee shall make readie his Threshing floore and cause it to be thorowly cleansed of straw durâ and dust he shall cut downe his Medowes mow his Barley crop his Vines thresh his Corne to sow in Seed time In Iuly hee shall mow his Wheat and other graine vsed to make pottage of hee shall graft in the bud he shall gather from Apple-trees and Peare-trees the faultie Apples and Peares and those which doe ouer-charge the Trees he shall digge his Vines againe the second time and plucke vp from them the Grasse called Dogs-tooth he shall lay eeuen and fill vp the earth where it is any where cleft or broken to the end that the Sunne may not burne before hand the Vine He shall cut downe such Wood as shall serue for this Fuell all the yeare long In August he shall pull his Line and Hempe gather such fruits
Mithridate and vpon the right arme the head of a Bat. To cause them to sleepe which cannot well slumber it is good to make a Frontlet with the seed of Poppie Henbane Lettuce and the iuice of Nightshade or the milke of a woman giuing a girle sucke or with the leaues of ground yuâe stamped with the white of an egge or put vnder the pillow a Mandrake apple or the greene leaues of Henbane and rub the soles of the feet with the greaâe of a Dormouse For the swimming in the Head there is commonly vsed the conserue of the flowers of Betonie or Aqua vitae or the confection called Electuarium Anacardinum To preserue such from the Apoplexie as are subiect vnto it let them drinke in Winter a good spoonefull of Aqua vitae well sugred and let them eat a bit of White bread by and by after or in stead of Aqua vitae let them drinke the Claret water which I will set downe hereafter or of the water of the root of the wild Vine or of the powder of the root thereof continually for the space of a yeare For the Palsie rub the place afflicted with the oyle of Foxes Bayes and Castoreum mixing therewith a little Aqua vitae vse likewise oftentimes the water of Cinnamon and of S. Iohns wort or the conserues of Sage Rosemarie Cowslips Baulââe and Mithridate make him drie Bathes with the decoction of Lauander Coastmarie Danewort Sage and Marierome To preserue one from the Falling sicknesse otherwise called S. Iohns disease it is a soueraigne thing to drinke for the space of nine dayes a little draught of the iuice of the hearbe Paralysis or Cowsââps or of the distilled water of the Linden tree or of Coriander or to vse euerie morning for the space of fortie dayes a powder made of the seed of Pionie and Missletoe of the Oake or of the skull of a Man and more specially of that part of the skull which is neerest vnto the seame of the crowne with neat Wine or with the decoction of Pionie as also to hang about his necke the Missletoe of the Oake or some piece of a mans skull or of the root or seed of male Pionie or of the stone that is found in Swallowes neasts or to weare about his necke or vpon one of his fingers some ring wherein shal be set the bone of the foot of the Oxe called Elam or Alce and that so as that the bone may touch the flesh or bare skin you shall deliuer them that are in that fit if you tickle them and pinch their great toe or rub their lips with mans bloud To take away the rednesse of the Face it is good to wash the face with the decoction of the chaffe of Barley and Oates and to foment it afterward with the iuice of Citrons or else take foure ounces of Peach kernels two ounces of the husked seedes of Gourds bruise them and presse them out strongly to the end they may yeeld their oyle rub or touch with this liquor the pimples or red places To take away the spots of the Face make a composition of the flower of Lupines Goats gall iuice of Limons and verie white Allome touch the spotted places with this oyntment or else make an oyntment with the oyle of bitter Almonds Honey Ireos and Waxe or else rub your face with the bloud of a Cocke Henne or Pigeon or foment it with the water of the flowers of Beanes Orenges or Mulberries For the Kings euill take Leekes with the leaues and roots of the hearbe Patience presse out about some pound of the iuice thereof in which you shall dissolue an ounce of Pellitorie powdred and a scruple of Viridis aeris mixe all verie well together and herewithall you shall daily foment the said disease Hang about your necke the roots of water Betonie and the lesser Plantaine If you cut the foot of a great Witwall or Toad when the Moone is declining and beginneth to ioyne it selfe to the Sunne and that you apply it round about his neck which hath the Kings euill you shall find it verie soueraigne for the said disease The dung of a Cow or Oxe heated vnder the ashes betwixt Vine or Colewort leaues and mingled with Vineger hath a propertie to bring the swelling to ripenesse Or else vse this remedie which is alwayes readie singular good and well approued Take a sufficient quantitie of Nicotiana stampe it in a verie cleane Mortar and apply both the iuice and drossie parts thereof vnto the said tumour together and doe this nine or tenne times The Rheume falling downe vpon the eyes is stayed by a Cataplasme applyed to the browes made of the muscillage of shell-Snailes and corporated with the flower of Frankincense and Aloes well stirred together vntill that the whole become to the thicknesse of Honey For a weake Sight take Fennell Veruaine Clarey Rue Eye-bright and Roses of each a like and distill them all in a Limbecke of this water distilled put three or foure drops in your eyes morning and euening Also the water of young Pies distilled in a Furnace is verie good in like manner the water of rotten Apples putting two or three drops thereof into them It is good for the same disease to take the vapour of the decoction of Fennell Eye-bright and Rue to drinke euerie morning a small draught of Eye-bright wine or to prepare a powder with dried Eye-bright and Sugar to take thereof euerie morning the weight of a French crowne two or three houres before meat There is a stone found within the gall of an Oxe which put into the nosthrils doth maruellously cleare the sight âo doth the wine made of the root of Maiden haire if it be oft vsed in the morning For the paine of the Eyes it is good to make the decoction of Camomile Melilot and the seed of Fennell in water and white Wine and dipping a foure-fold Linnen Cloth therein and after wringing it well to apply the same oftentimes to the eye or else to lay vpon it womans milke and the white of an egge well beat together The rednesse of the Eyes is amended by the applying of Linnen Clothes or Plegets of Flaxe moistened in the whites of egges well beat together with Rose or Plantaine water or else boyle a sowre and sharpe Apple take the pulpe thereof and mix it with Nurce milke afterward make a little Liniment to be applyed to the red eye-lids In the meane time you may apply to the temples a frontlet made with Prouence Roses or conserue of Roses and other astringent things to the end that the âheâme falling from the braine may be stayed seeing it is the cause of such rednesse Other cause small thinne and daintie slices of Veale or of the necke of an Oxe newly killed to be steeped in womans milke and lay them vpon the eyes laying againe aboue them stupes of Flaxe Some cause little children to
best water to water the pot-hearbs withall is raine water if it fall in the night or in such a time as that it may not heat the hearbes for it washeth and cleanseth them from the dust and ãâã that eateth them especially if the Raine come driuing with a Northerne wind for want of this the Riuer or Brooke water is best next being a little warme in place of this Well water drawne in the morning and put in a barrell or in some other thing of receit that so it may take the heat of the Sunne beames may serue for cold and salt water is enemie to all sorts of hearbes although that Theophrastus say that salt water is more conuenient than anie other to water certaine plants Besideâ you shall vnderstand that for the speedie growing of hearbes or for comforting them after they are once sprouted and risen aboue the earth there is nothing ãâã the world better or more comfortable than Sope âuds after they haue beene ãâã in and are verie well cooled The dregges of Ale or lees of Wine are ãâã good to water Rosemarie with or anie other tender Hearbe Flower or Plaââ whatsoeuer The time to water them is the euening and morning not the mid-day for feare that the water heated by the heat of the Sunne might burne thââ at the root After that the hearbes haue begun to put forth you must weed the bad from the good whose nourishment they would consume and ouer-shadow them withall this must be done with a forked trowell whiles they be verie small and with the hand which Gardiners call by the name of making cleane when the pot-hearbes are growne strong and great Some doe also weed them thus as well for the weight of the earth and heauie falling of the water vpon them as also because of the ãâã of folkes feet whereby the earth becommeth hard Wherefore if the ãâã be soft you need not to âake it but verie slightly And you must know that weeding is necessarie for Gardens at all times except in the height of Winter that is to say from Nouember till March in all which time it is not good to weed because those weeds which doe then grow doe not offend or choake the hearbeâ but rather keepe them warme and comfort them whereas should they be taken away you would leaue the stemme and roots of your hearbes so naked to all the bitternesse of Winter that euerie small Rinde or Frost would endanger the vtter killing and destroying of them as you may find by proofe if you please not to giue credit to our relation Cutting of hearbes is also profitable for them at what time as they be somewhaâ growne thereby to make them to keepe their greenenesse the longer and to ãâã them the more beautifull and tufted to keepe them from seeding as also to ãâã them somewhat a more pleasant smell than they had in their first stalke By this meanes Lettuces and Coleworts are made better and of a more pleasant taste ãâã their first leaues bee pluckt from them In like manner Turneps and ãâã grow more beautifull and tufted if their leaues be cut But all hearbes must not be cut at all times for such as haue a hollow stalke as Onions and others if they be cut when it rayneth the blade or stalke of the Onion is filled full of water and rotteth And this is the cause why hearbes of such nature are not ãâã be cut but in a faire and drie time Or if not cut at all it is better except it be to keepe them from seeding or to make the head a little the fairer which fresh moulding will better doe and with lesse labour As for your Scallions Chyues or Leekes to cut them it is not amisse because they are hearbes continually to be vsed for the Pot and in that respect the oftener cut so much the better CHAP. IX Of setting and remouing of Pothearbes TO giue the greater scope and libertie to hearbes and to make them greater men vse to remoue them and this is done either by remouing of them from one bed to another or from one floore to another vvhen they haue foure or fiue leaues out of the ground and this may be done at ây time but specially see that the season be inclining to moistnesse and raine and ãâã must be set in ground that is vvell furnished vvith fat vvithout any amending of with dung If the time fall not out rainie you must vvater them after they be new ãâã in good and due time not staying too long and from some of them you must cut ãâã the ends of their roots and set them thinne that so they may be vvet and haue ãâã earth lightened vvhen need requireth and that thereby they may grow better ãâã fairer And of these hearbes vvhich are thus to be remoued none is more necesâârie than the Lettuce because being very swift of growth and naturally apt to mount ãâã it be not corrected and stayed by remouing it will presently runne to seed and ãâã that vertue for which it is principally preserued Therefore the sooner you reâoue your Lettuce prouided that you haue a shower to doe it in the better it is and ãâã sooner it will Cabbage and gather in his leaues growing hard firme and thick Also if after their remouing you lay some heauie Tyle or Slate stones vpon them which may a little presse downe their leaues it will be so much the better and they will Cabbage so much the sooner Generally what hearbes soeuer you would keepe from seed that you may thereby take the profit of the leafe and keepe the full strength of the hearbe in the same you shall as soone as you perceiue some leaues to âe sprung aboue the ground forthwith remoue them into some other new-digged Beds of good and perfect Mould well broken and manured for the purpose and in âhis remouing of your hearbes you shall obserue to set them rather deeper than âhallower than they were before and to fixe the earth close and fast about them ând not to forget to water them as aforesaid till you see they haue taken fast root ând begin to shoot vp Slips for the Garden of sweet and fragrant hearbes are gathered at all times and âhey would be of young sprigges of a yeare old taking part of the old wood and âvrything that to put it into the earth or else cleauing it below and putting in the âleft an Oat and round about it some other graines of Oates rather than dung for âearbes that are remoued doe not require dung at their roots but rather they haue âeed that the lowest parts of their roots should be a little steeped in water as I will shew hereaââer CHAP. X. Of gathering and keeping the seeds roots and flowers of Pothearbâs ROotes for the most part are gathered when the leaues are fallen off and in like sort are the flowers gathered as Borage Buglosse All-good and Marigolds when they are throughly open
by nature are sowen in March and are planted farre âithin the yeare and couet to be oft watered When you see the leaues of Coleworts waxe bleake and pale or yellow it is a âigne that it needeth water and you must oftentimes take from them their yellow ââaues as also those which are eaten thorough or rotten or dried for this would make them die If you would haue Coleworts of a good tast and pleasant take away their first âeaues for those which come after will haue a better tast and more pleasant sauour than the first Red Coleworts grow naturally of the aboundance of dung or for that they are watered with the Lees of Wine or by being planted in a place where they are heaâed continually with the heat and burning of the Sunne Doe not at any time gather or at the least vse the tops and edges of the curled Romane Colewort neither yet of any other but the rest of the leafe downe toward the stalke All sorts of Coleworts may be planted at any times prouided it be not too hot or too cold and when you plant them breake their root for feare it be not doubled againe or turned vpside-downe in the earth and that you put it not so farre in as ãâã there be nothing of the top left aboue Some men vse to water Coleworts with Salt-water to make them the more ãâã and some doe cast and sow Salt-peter amongst them vpon the vpper face of the earth or else small ashes sifted to keepe them from Locusts Palmar-vvoâmes ãâã and other vermine Aboue all things the Colewort may not be ãâã neere vnto the Vâne nor the Vine neere vnto the Colewort for there is such ãâ¦ã betwixt these two plants that being both of them planted in one ground ãâã they become to some growth they turne and grow one from another ãâ¦ã will they prosper and beare fruit so well And admit it to be true which is ãâã namely that if a man doe mingle vvine be it neuer so little in the pot where Coleworts are boyling that then the Coleworts will leaue boyling by and by and ãâã boyle any more but loose their colour Likewise such as are disposed to drink ãâã wine and not to be drunke with it must eat some raw Coleworts aforehand as ãâã Almaâgnes are wont to doe when they meane to quaffe you off a whole pot ãâã and to ouercome âuch as with whom they striue in drinking The ãâã also may not be planted neere vnto Organy Rue and Sow-bread for being ãâ¦ã sowen neere vnto these hearbes it thriueth not at all and againe it infecteth his neighbours with some of his ill qualities The carefull Gardener must neuer abide to haue in his Garden so much as ãâã rotten cole not yet water his hearbes with the water wherein Coleworts haue ãâã steept or boyled for both the one and the other doth cause his neighbour hearbs ãâã haue an ill tast and sauour A good huswife will haue Coleworts in her garden at all times for the reliefe ãâã her familie for besides food she may comfort her people with them in the time ãâã sicknesse As thus the first decoction especially of red Coleworts with Butter of Oyle without Salt doth loosen the bellie ripen the cough and maketh the voice beââter and if vnto this broath you put some Sugar it will be singular for such as arâ short winded the juice also of Coleworts is good for these diseases if you put Sugaâ to it the seed of Coleworts in broath or in powder is good against the Woâmen ãâã liââle children Coleworts boyled in two or three waters doe stay the laske Coleworts boyled and sprinkled with Long-pepper and eaten with the broth ãâã great store of milke in nurses the juice of Coleworts drunke doth expell and kill ãâã poyson of Toad-stooles the pith of the Colewort boyled with fat and ãâã honie is singular for such as are short breathed to vse in manner of a lotion To ãâ¦ã the Colewort is good for all things whereof the Romans when time was ãâã such account as that hauing expelled all other physicke out of Româ for the space ãâã an hundred and fiftie yeares they vsed no other physicke but Coleworts in all manner of diseases The Lee made with the ashes of Coleworts is good to wash the head The breasts fomented with the decoction of Coleworts increaseth the milke of nââses The ashes of Coleworts mixt with the white of an egge doth heale burningâ Cataplasines made of boyled Coleworts and mingled with the lees of vinegar ãâã yolkes of raw egges and a little cleere vinegar of Roses all well beaten and ãâã together is a singular medicine presently to take away the paines comming ãâã rheume There is nothing better to make cleane a pot all ouergrowne with ãâã wherein âlesh hath been accustomed to be boyled and water to be heated as ãâã pot brasse pot or such like and which cannot by any other meanes be ãâã scoured than to boyle Coleworts in it CHAP. XII Of Lettuce SOw your Lettuce as thicke as the Colewort in a moist ground well dunged âat light and easie to turne ouer it must be specially in March for it cannot well endure much heat or much cold Notwithstanding if you will sow it in September yea at all times make choyce of sunâe ãâã warme places and such as are well stored of dung well rotted notwithstanding ãâã it will wax hard with Winter and may continue some time being planted again ãâã must be watered once in euerie two or three daies if the weather be not dropping ãâã moist And in the sowing of it you must water it for feare that the heat of the ãâã should cast out the seed it putteth forth of the earth the fiftieth day after it is ãâã Being growne aboue the bed the height of foure or fiue leaues you must ãâã it with your hand but neuer with any rake and set it againe in a fat ground and ââood distance one from another and couer the roots and shankes with cows goats ãâã sheepes dung for so they will be of a better tast and water them at the foot but it ãâã not be when it is either verie hot or verie cold Some doe nourish foure sorts of Lettuces here vvith vs in France not differing ãâã from another in vertue but in tast somewhat more or lesse pleasant that is to say ãâã curled the headed cabbaged or vvhite the common and the little and small ãâã Men vse not to plant the small or common lettuce but the great one which ãâã be curled and that which will cabbage otherwise called the Romane Lettuce âhich hath a vvhite seed and a greater than the other and is of a sweeter relish espeââally if his first stalke be cut away which it putteth forth after it hath beene planted ãâã second time for the first stalke hauing in it verie much milke doth easily become ãâã by the heat of the
Sunne If you desire that it should haue great leaues when as ãâã beginneth to put forth a stalke cut off the same in the halfe then put vpon it a clod ãâã earth or some small tyle If you couet to haue it faire and vvhite bind together the ãâã of it two daies before you take it from the first bed and set it in another place ãâã sprinkle it ouer with sand The cabbaged Lettuce being leaued and curled and not growing higher than a ãâã for the most part is made by being troden downe After that it is planted ãâã second time put vnto the root some cowes dung that is verie new afterward tread ãâã downe againe and vvater it and vvhen it beginneth to gather strength and grow ãâã the branch vvhich it putteth forth and couer it with a new earthen pot in such ãâã as that the top thereof by it may be beaten and kept downe and by this meanes ãâã vvill become tufted cabbaged and vvhite or else if you vvould haue beautifull ãâã faire lettuces two daies before you take them vp by the roots you must tie togeââer the tops of them and then couer them with eaâth vp to the very âaid tops so tied ãâã so they will become white and faire In like manner sand cast vpon them maââth them to become white If you feare that it will not grow hard ynough by reaâââ of some fault in the place or in the time or seed take it vp and set it in some ãâã place To cause Lettuces to haue a sweet smell more than ordinarie sow them with the ãâã of Citrons or else steepe the seeds in Damaske or other sweet water three ãâã daies together To mingle Lettuce with other Salad hearbes as Rocket Sorrell and such like and ãâã in such sort as that they may all grow vp together from one and the same root ãâã all your sorts of Seeds into a Sheepes trottle made good and hollow for the ãâã afterward set it verie deepe as namely about the depth of eighteene ynches in ãâã ground and water it oft and by little and little and haue great care and regard ãâã it when it putteth forth of the earth Others do crumble breake three or foure ââottles of a Goat or Sheepe and put their seeds in the middest thereof and then ãâã them with a linnen cloth fast bound in manner of a knot and doe plant them ãâ¦ã were in the vppermost part of the earth verie diligently regarding and looking ãâã them when they come vp Some plucke away the leaues of the Lettuse which ãâã next vnto the roots and in stead of the leaues so pluckt away they put one ãâã seed of rocket cresses or sorrell and other such like by which meanes there grow ãâã and diuers sorts of branches The Lettuce is not without good physicke helpes for it cooleth the ãâ¦ã the bellie causeth aboundance of good bloud The juice thereof mixt ãâ¦ã Roses asâwageth the paine of the head and causeth the sickâ of agues ãâ¦ã rubbed vpon the brows and temples it serueth for a Gargarisme with ãâ¦ã of Pomegranats for the Inflammation of the throat being rubbed vpon ãâ¦ã it staieth the night pollutions or Gonorrhaea especially if thereunto be added ãâ¦ã Camphire the seed thereof beaten with the seed of white Poppie in forme of ãâ¦ã or extract doth effect the same and also cureth the scalding and burning of the ãâã the seed thereof steept in water wherein hath beene quenched steele with ãâ¦ã quantitie of Iourie powdred is verie soueraigne against the white flowres of ãâã The leaues of Lettuce boyled and moystned in broth or salades of them in like ãâã after supper doth prouoke sleepe the seed thereof powdred and mixt ãâ¦ã milke of a woman that hath brought forth a daughter and the white of an ãâ¦ã to make frontale for the verie same purpose The decoction of the ãâ¦ã boyled in Barley water and drunke causeth great quantitie of milke in ãâã if afterwards the dugges be well rubbed with the hand such as haue a short ãâã spit bloud or haue weake lungs as also such as desire to haue children must ãâ¦ã Lettuces CHAP. XIII Of Endiue Sowthistle and Succorie ENdiue hauing narrow leaues otherwise called Scariole or ãâ¦ã wild Lettuce and of the Latines Intybus or Seris is more ãâ¦ã Physicke than any other wayes and is not planted in Gardenâ ãâã it is alwaies bitter notwithstanding that it be of the sorts of ãâ¦ã rather of Succorie It is true that in often planting and transplanting of it and ãâ¦ã mouing it from one place to another and by binding and couering it with ãâ¦ã ring the Winter time the nature thereof may be changed and become tender ãâã white and without any great paines to the Gardiner may be kept all ãâ¦ã thing our Gardiners haue practised seeing by experience that wild ãâ¦ã commeth faire and flourishing after it hath beene ouerflowen with water and ãâã with sand or earth Sowthistle called in Latine Sonchus or Ciâerbita was of old time in ãâ¦ã salades but now there is no such account made thereof saue onely that it is vsed ãâ¦ã to teed Conies and Hares in like sort it is not planted in gardens because it ãâã plentifully amongst the vines notwithstanding the Italians doe vse the ãâ¦ã it in Salades in Winter finding them sweet and of a pleasant tast his stalke is ãâã milke sometimes drawing neere vnto a yellow this milke taken in drinke is ãâã for them which haue a short breath and are stopt in their lungs ãâ¦ã paines of the eares if you drop certaine drops thereof into them especially if ãâã cause it to boyle with some Oyle in the riâd of a Pomegranat it healeth ãâã the strangurie and paines in making water if it be drunke to the quantitie of ãâ¦ã The leaues of Sowthistle chewed doe take away the stinking of the mouth Succorie is of the nature of Endiue hauing large leaues and without ãâã and good handling doth alwaies continue bitter It loueth a moist place and ãâã laboured ground When it hath put forth foure leaues you must translate it to âell dunged soyle And to the end it may haue faire large and well-spread leaues ãâã it beginneth once to come to any growth in the middest of his leaues you must ãâã some prettie little tyle for by this meanes it will spread forth his leaues and ãâã haue them a great deale thicker standing and tufted By this good husbanding ãâã his bitternesse and then there is vse to be had of it in sallades in Winter ãâã it is called white Succorie and to this end it is wont to be planted againe in the ãâã of August after that in the beginning of September to the end that the leaues ãâã may be the greater it must be taken vp without the breaking of any thing ãâã with a smal blade of a straw haue the leaues tied together very easily and gently ãâã wringing or brusing of them afterward it must be
from the other the smell of which Elder is so odious ãâ¦ã beasts that they haue no desire to come neere it either vnder or aboue the ãâã so long as it is greene and therefore when these first stickes shall be drie you ãâã renew them Othersome put Thornes that are verie sharpe and pricking or ãâ¦ã of Chesnuts vnder the earth round about the plants of the Artichokes ãâ¦ã one neere vnto another to the end that the Rats comming neere vnto the ãâã may presently be driuen backe againe Others cause Beanes to be boyled ãâ¦ã poysoned water and doe put them in the holes of this wicked cattell for they ãâã ãâã sent thereof they run thither presently As concerning Moules we will speake of ãâã manner of killing them hereafter The root of Artichoke sodden in Wine and drunke is soueraigne against the difââcultie of making water for the stinking and strong smell of the arme-pits and of ãâã vrine also for the hot and scalding fretting of ones vrine whether it come of the ãâã or of some other cause and so also for the dropsie the pulpe boyled in flesh ãâã and eaten with Salt Pepper and Galanga made in powder helpeth the weakâsse of the generatiue parts The Italians eat them in the morning raw with bread ãâã salt whiles they be yet young and tender CHAP. XV. Of Sorrell and Burnet SOrrel and Burnet notwithstanding that they grow vntild in great aboundance yet they may be sowen in fine ground and well manured in the Spring time especially the Sorrell for as for Burnet it groweth likewise and as well in drie grounds nothing tilled or stirred both of them ãâã planted in gardens must from the beginning be well watered and he that deâreth to gather the seed must take them vp and plant them againe suffering them to ârow to their perfection and then to drie and wither They feare not cold or frost âeither yet aboundance of water but they looke especially the Sorrell that they ãâã become the fairer to be cut three or foure times a yeare All the sorts of Sorrell as well those of the field as those of the garden haue this âertue that being boyled with flesh how old and hard soeuer it be yet they make it ânder and loose the bodie The leaues of Sorrell rosted in hot ashes haue a singular force to resolue or to cause ãâã Apostumate the swellings of the eyes or as some Surgeons vse if you take the ãâã of Sorrell and lap them vp close in a Burre-docke leafe then lay it in the hot ãâã and rost it as you would rost a Warde then open it and applie it as hot ãâã the patient is able to endure it to any impostumation or byle whatsoeuer about ãâã part of a mans bodie it will not onely in short space ripen and breake it but also âraw and heale it verie sufficiently it is also being boyled in Posset-ale a verie ââod cooler of the bloud and a great comferter against inflamations which come by ââurning Feauers A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Sorrell with twice as much ãâã Swines-grease all beaten and mingled together and afterward put in the leafe of ãâã Colewort vnder the hot ashes is soueraigne against cold Apostumes The seed of âorrel powdred and drunke with water or wine doth asswage the paine of the blouâie flux Sorrell steept in vinegar and eaten in the morning fasting is a preseruatiue âgainst the plague as also the Syrope or Iuleb made with the juice thereof The âaues of Sorrell well stamped and applied vnto the wrest doth tame the fiercenesse ãâã the ague Burnet of the garden being an herbe that some vse to put in their salades whereof ãâã haue here spoken and which is also the same which the Latinists call Sanguisorââ taken in drinke is good to restraine the monethly termes of women and all other ãâã of the belly but especially such as are of bloud it is good also to dry vp wounds ând vlâers if it be applied vnto them in forme of a Cataplasme Some doe much âteeme it in the Plague time and some say that the often vse of Burnet especially ãâã juice thereof is a verie soueraigne preseruatiue against dangerous diseases beââuse it hath a propertie verie much strengthening the Liuer the Heart and the Spiâââts The leaues of Burnet put into the wine make it more pleasant more strong and âomewhat Aromaticall and of the taste of Millions they are verie good to be put in sallades made with Oyle Salt and Vinegar according as we see them vsed ãâã day CHAP. XVI Of Harts-horne Trickmadame and Pearcestone AS for Harts-horne and Trickmadame they haue no need of any ãâ¦ã or planting for both of them will come in any ground that ãâã would haue them whether it be husbanded or not True it is that if ãâã would haue Harts-horne flourish and faire liking you must cut it oft ãâã it along vpon some roller or cause it to go vpon foot by it selfe for it delighteth to ãâã so intreated and vtterly refusing to grow otherwise than against the ground ãâã madame doth nothing feare the cold and doth grow principally vpon the old ãâã of vines in a stonie and grauelly earth These are put in Summer-sallades ãâã neither of theââ haue either tast or smell fit for the same The Harts-horne is goodâ stay the flux of the bellie Trickmadame stamped with Lettuce and applied vnto the pulses doth delay ãâã heat of an ague The distilled water thereof being often times drunken doth ãâã roughly heale burning and tertian agues Pearcestone is sowen in a drie and sandie soile and craueth to be much ãâã euen from the beginning he that desireth the seed must let the hearbe grow to ãâã perfection and afterward to drie the seed as corne is dried It may be preserued in salt and vinegar after the manner of purcelane and then ãâã soueraigne for the difficultie of vrine for the jaundise and to breake the stone to proââuoke vvomens termes and to stirre vp ones appetite if it be vsed in the beginning ãâã meat For want of such as is pickled in vinegar you may make the decoction of ãâã leaues roots and seeds in Wine for to vse in the same disease CHAP. XVII Of Marigolds MArigolds haue not need of any great ordering for they grow in ãâã fields and in any ground that a man will neither doe they ãâã to ãâã sowen euerie yeare for being once sowen they afterward grow of theâ selues and beare flowers in the Calends of euery moneth of the yere ãâã in Sommer as in Winter for which cause the Italians call them the flower of all ãâã moneths To be short the place where they haue once beene sowen can hardly ãâã of them If they be neuer to little husbanded and cut many times they will beare ãâã faire âlowers and verie great but yet euer more in Autumne than in the Spring The juice of the
A Linimenâ made of Garlicke Salt and Vineger killeth Nits and Lice The decoction of Garlicke not bruised giuen in Clysters or applyed vnto thâ bellie in manner of a fomentation assuageth the paine of the Colicke and expelleth wind Against an old Cough comming of a cold cause it is verie good to rub the soles of the feet the backe bone and wrists of the hands with an Oyntment oâ Liniment made of three Garlicke heads well powned and beaten in Swinâ Seame Against the paine of the Teeth comming of a cold cause there is nothing beâter than to hold in the mouth Vineger or the decoction of Garlicke or to apply vnto the aking tooth three cloues of Garlicke stamped in Vineger For the killing of Wormes in children it is good to giue them to eat Garlicke with fresh Butter or else to make a Cataplasme thereof to lay vpon the Stomacke They which can scarce or hardly make their Water or are subiect vnto the Stone receiue great comfort by eating of Garlicke To keepe Birds from hââting of young Fruit you must hang at the boughes of those Trees some quantitie of Garlicke CHAP. XXV Of Scalioâs SCalions are like vnto Garlicke in tast and smell but in stalke and fashion the leaues resemble Onions saue onely that out of their head there grow manie hulles or huskes which bring forth manie round little leaues They thriue and grow better when they be set than when they be sowne for when they be sowne there is no great hope of their comming to any fairenesse before the second yeare They may be planted from the first day of Nouember vnto the moneth of Februarie to haue the fruit thereof the next Spring and they are planted as Garlicke But in the meane time you must gather ãâã before the March Violets doe flower for if one vse them not before that they be flowred they will fall away and become but sillie ones They are knowne to be ripe if their leaues begin to drie away below For to cause them to haue ãâã and thicke heads you must put brickes round about their rootes as hath beene said of Leekes As concerning the vse of Scalions there is no great helpe or profit to be hoped for or expected except of such as are giuen more to their pleasure than to their health for the Scalion serueth for no other thing but to prouoke and stirre folke ãâã the act of carnall copulation and to haue a good appetite They haue the same veââwes that Garlicke saue onely that they be somewhat troublesome to the ãâã because of their more sharpe and subtle tast CHAP. XXVI Of Parsley PArsley craueth no great labour but loueth a stonie and sandie ground for which cause it is called Parsley againe it craueth not anie store of manure wherefore it will be good to sow it vnder Arbors It desireth aboue all things to be well watred and if it so fall out as that it be sowne or planted neere vnto anie Fountaine or Riuer it groweth verie faire and in great quantitie And if anie be desirous that it should haue large leaues hee must put into a faire Linnen Cloth so much seed as he can hold in his three fingers and so cast it amongst the stones in the ground or else he must put in a Goats trottle a quantitie of Parsley seed and so set or sow it And he that will haue it curled must bruise the seed with a pestle of Willow to the end that the huske may breake and fall off and afterward wrap it in a Linnen Cloth and so put it in the ground Otherwise without thus much to doe it may be made to curle howsoeuer it be sowne if you draw a Rowler vpon it so soone as it beginneth to grow It is a good time to sow it from mid May vntill the Sunne be risen to his highest point in the Heauens for it somewhat craueth the heat The seed thereof that is but a yeare old is nothing worth for looke how much elder the seed is by so much it is the better and endureth a long time vnsowne in such sort as that it will not be needfull to sow or plant it of fiue yeares although when it is sowne it groweth not vnder the space of threescore daies Notwithstanding to cause it to grow and put more speedily out of the earth it behoueth that the seed be steeped in vineger some certaine time and after sowne in a well toyled ground and filled or mixed with one halfe of the ashes of Beane stalkes and after it is sowne it must be oft watered and sleightly with a little Aqua vitae and by and by after the watering to lay aloft it a piece of Cloth that the heat thereof may not be spent and breath away and by this meanes it will grow vp within a few houres and then you must take off the Cloth couering it and water it oft and by this meanes it will haue both a high stalke and great leaues A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Parsley with the crummes of White bread doth heale a Tettar or Ringworme doth resolue the swellings of the Breasts and maketh Women that are brought in bed to loose their Milke The iuice of Parsley drawne âut with vineger and mixt with a little salt helpeth Women that are in trauell to be deliuered The often vse of Parsley taketh away the stinking of the breath especially from such as haue drunke much Wine or eaten Garlicke And therefore such as vse to keepe companie much and haue an ill breath must not goe vnprouided of good store of fresh Parsley to chew or hold in their mouthes The decoction of the roots or leaues of Parsley helpeth downe Womens termes ãâã Vrine casteth out Grauell contained in the Vrinarie vessels taketh away the paine of the Colicke and of the Reines applyed in manner of a fomentation vpon the pained parts It serueth also for the obstructions of the Liuer but better for such as are flegmaticke than for the cholericke or those that are of sanguine complexion The leaues of Parsley cast vpon the water of Fish-ponds doe recreate and reioyce the sicke and diseased Fish CHAP. XXVII Of Rocket and Tarragon ROcket being an hearbe verie vsuall in Salads and good to temper the coldnesse of Lettuces may be sowne as well in Winter as in Summeâ for it feareth not cold nor other iniurie of the ayre neither doth it ââquire anie great labour it loueth notwithstanding to be ãâã and ãâã in a grauellie ground Rocket must not be eaten by it selfe by reason of the great heat that it maketh in them that eat it and for that cause it hath commonly for his companion in Salads the leaues of Lettuce seeing that the one of these doth notably temper the other It is good notwithstanding to prouoke vrine applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the share bone And some say that three leaues
eyes the leaues ãâ¦ã some say likewise that the leaâe of this hearbe carried in the shooââ ãâã vnto the bare sole of the feet doth heale the jaundiâe being applied vnto thâ ãâã it taketh away the aboundance of Milke stamped together with the root in thâ ãâã of Cammomile and being warmed or fried and applied vnto the nauell or ãâã it asswageth the frettings of the bellie and paines of the mother the whole ãâã being dââed and made in powder doth heale wounds and vlcers the juice ãâã dropt into a rotten or hollow tooth mortifieth it and causeth it to fall out ãâ¦ã also the ãâã called Porrum to fall away The small Celandine otherwise called Pilewort or the hearbe for the Kings ãâã because it healââh the same doth grow well in warrie moist and shadowie ãâ¦ã groweth likewise in drie places but not so well though there it get a more ãâ¦ã as wel in his leaues as in his root vertue to heale the Kings ãâ¦ã to exulcâration as also other virulent vlcers hemorrhoides cankers hard ãâ¦ã whether ãâã or porracious and other cold tumors by a âoollifying and ãâ¦ã qualiââe that they haue Asarum bacchar craueth a leane ground and drie and where there is ãâ¦ã to be set than sowne The root of Asarum being dried ãâ¦ã good to be taken the weight of a French Crowne in white ãâ¦ã and by this it câreth the quartane and âertian ague and this ãâ¦ã daies the quantitie of a good goblet full of the decoction of this root made in wine with honey putting thereto some Cinnamon Mace and other such Spices by which they purge verie much as well vpward as downeward Likewise when they feele the fit comming they chafe the backe and soles of the feet with oyle wherein they haue caused to be infused this root in the hot Sunne-shine and after lying downe in bed the shiuerings and shakings of the Ague is taken away and a great sweat procured The decoction of Asarum is good against the Sciatica the infusion thereof in wine doth cure the Dropsie and Iaundise the iuice dropt into the corner of the eyes doth heale the Web in the eye and dazeling of the eyes Manie good women doe apply Asarun vnto the wrists of the hands to driue away the heat of an Ague You must obserue as it were diuers parts in this hearbe For the root is a prouoker of Vomit and the leaues thereof are Aromaticall and agree verie well with the stomacke Valerian groweth verie well in a moist and well manured ground and would be often watered that so it may put forth a tall stalke The good wiues are wont to apply to the wrists in burning Agues the leaues of Valerian but without reason for the Valerian doth rather encrease the Ague by his heat than diminish it It will be better to vse it in the paines of the sides and in the prouoking of vrine and womens termes If you wet lin in the iuice of Valerian and put it into anie wound made either with Arrow or Sword or otherwise and the drosse or grosâe part thereof layd vpon it you shall cause the yron to come forth if anie such be stayed behind and so also heale the wound Cats doe delight much to eat this hearbe The decoction is good against Venime and the Plague It is good also against shortnesse of breath if there be mixed therewith Licorice and Damaske Raisins Angelica would be sowne in a well tilled ground oftentimes wed and reasonably watered The root is soueraigne against the Plague and all sorts of Poyson Whosoeuer shall keepe a little piece of it in his mouth or which shall drinke onely in a Winter morning a little draught of Wine and Rosewater wherein it hath beene steept hee ââânot be infected of anie euill ayre of all that day Englishmen vse the lâaues and roots of this hearbe in sawce with their meats because it correcteth grosse humours and a stinking breath and surthereth digestion verie much The leaues of Angelica stamped with other leaues of Rue and Honey and applyed in forme of a Caââplasme doe heale the bitings of mad Dogges and the stinging of Serpents Being layd vpon the head of one that hath an Ague it draweth vnto it all the burning heat of the Ague and it is good against Sorcerie and Inchanâment The distilled water of Angelica it singular good against the fainting of the Heart the biâings of mad Beasts the stingings of venimous creatures especially against the Plauge if with this ââstilled water there be drunke halfe a dramme of the root in powder and a drammâ of Treacle and that afterward the patient giue himselfe to sweating for by this means manie haue beene saued The root put into a hollow tooth assuageth the paine being âââwed it maketh the breath sweet and conceaâeth and small of Garlick or anie other ãâã meat which causeth an ill breath Blessed thistle would be ordered and dressed with such manner of âillage as Angelica It is true that it would be sowne in the encrease of the Moone and not abouâ three fingers depth in the earth It loâeth the compaine of Wheat ãâ¦ã It will not be prickly it before that you sow it you put the Seed in the rooâ ãâ¦ã the leaues broken off or it you breake the sharpe pointâd end of the Seed against a stone after the manner spoken of before in the Chapter of ãâã Blessed thistle hath no lesse vertue against the Plague or anie other sort of Poyson âhan hath Angelica whether you vse it inward or outward This vertue is it which driueth away Moules and other kinds of such Cattell being huââfull vnto Gardeââ from the place where it groweth Such ãâ¦ã troubled with a Quartanâ Ague or other Agues which haue their fits comming with a Cold are cured if ãâã take in the morning three ounces of Blessed thistles water or of the decoction ãâ¦ã weight of a French crowne of the seed in powder The same remedie is good ãâã Pleurisies and for children that haue the Falling sicknesse If it be boyled in ãâã the decoction is good to assuage the paines of the reines and colicke to kill ãâã and to prouoke sweat Blessed thistle as well drie as greene taken inwardly ãâ¦ã ourwardly doth heale maligne vlcers Physitions likewise commaund it ãâ¦ã âmingled in decoctions and drinkes for the Pocks Mother-wort groweth in vntilled and rough places and standeth not in ãâã of anie tilling notwithstanding it is singular against the beating and fainting of the heart for which reason it is called of some Cardiaca It prouoketh also Womens termes it taketh away obstructions and prouoketh vrine it raiseth ãâã deliuering the Lungs thereof by making it easie to be spet foorth It ãâ¦ã Wormes dryed and made in powder and the quantitie of a spoonefull ãâã in Wine doth mightily helpe forward the deliuerie of Women labouring of Child-birth Golden-rod would be sowne in a fat ground which is not open vnto the heââ
called of the Latines Acanthus groweth in stonie and moist places although it loue to be diligently tended or otherwise not to yeeld anie profit The root and leaues are verie mollifying taken in drinke they prouoke vrine and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme they are good against conâulsions wrenches and contractions of the ligaments They are to good effect vsed in the Clysters of them which haue the Dropsie Diuels-bit so called because it sheweth as though the middle or the heart of the root were gnawed or bitten by some Diuell so soone as it is planted or hath put vp in anie place as though the Diuell did enuie the good which it bringeth vnto men by the incredible vertues that are therein craueth no great husbandrie neither yet anie fat earth or verie moist for as we see it groweth vpon mountaines in bushes and places altogether barren It is true that it groweth also in medowes but yet such as are not verie moist It is found in great aboundance in the medowes of Verriere a borough neere vnto Paris The root and greene leaues being stamped together and applyed vnto Carbuncles and pestilent Buboes doe heale them The Wine wherein they haue boyled is drunke with good successe against the Plague and against the griefes and suffocation of the Mother The powder of the root thereof is verie good against Wormes Cinquefoile so called because of the fiue leaues which it beareth craueth a low waterish and shadowed ground it groweth also in drie and grauellie places The decoction of the root vsed for a Gargle doth assuage the tooth-ach and heale the vlcers of the mouth in a Clyster it slayeth all manner of flux of the bellie as well the bloudie flux as others taken as a drinke it is singular against the Iaundise the stopping of the Liuer and against a pestilent ayre and poyson Tormentill like in stalke vnto Cinquefoile but vnlike in number of leaues ãâã much as it hath seuen delighteth in the same ground that Cinquefoile doth ãâ¦ã not altogether so waterish and called Tormentill because the powder or ãâã of the root doth appease the rage and torment of the teeth is ouer and aboue ãâã âther remedies most singular against the Plague and against the furie of all ãâã and Venimes it stayeth likewise all fluxes of bloud whether it be spitting ãâ¦ã struous or of the bellie all vomiting and vntimely birth whether it be taken ãâã by the mouth or applyed outwardly or whether it be taken in substance ãâã the distilled water onely Perwincle delighteth in a shadowed and moist place we see it grow likewise ãâã Willow grounds Hedge-rowes and out-sides of Woods The leaues as well in decoction as otherwise doe stay all manner of flux of the bellie or spitting of bloud or otherwise as the monethly termes and whites ãâã purging hauing gone before and bleeding at the nose if you bruiâe the ãâã and put them in the nose or if you make a collar thereof to put about your ãâ¦ã a garland for your head or if you put them vnder and about the tongue After the same manner you shall stay the monethly termes as also preuent vntimely birth ãâã you apply them vpon the groines Bistort as well the great as the small doth delight in a moist waterish and shâdowie place it groweth also in high Mountaines The root thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes as the termes and vnwilling ãâã away of the vrine if it be drunke with the iuice or distilled water of ãâã it stayeth the flux of bloud comming of a wound if the powder of it be cast ãâã the bleeding wound it suppresseth cholericke vomits if is befried with the ãâã of egges vpon a red hot tyle and be eaten by and by It is singular good as well ãâã the decoction and substance as in the distilled water against all Venime as also against the Plague against Wormes in little children against the Measels Purpleâ and small Pocks in young children against the bloudie flux and all manner of falls against the paine and rheumes of the teeth if you put it into the hollow tooth ãâã little Allome and Pellitorie of Spaine Pionie as well the male as the female craueth to be planted or set in drie ground where the Sunne hath his full force The seed or root gathered in the wane of the Moone and hanged about the neck or applyed vnto the wrists alone or with the Missâltoe of the Oake is a verie singâlar preseruatiue against the Falling sicknesse Whereunto notwithstanding I would not haue thee so much to trust as that thou shouldest not looke after some other ââmedie assure thy selfe rather that it is singular in bitings and stingings that are âânimous as well taken inward as applyed outward Thirtie seeds of Pionie ãâã and brayed and the verie kernell made into powder and drunke with wine doth fetch againe the speech when it is lost Paules Betonie both male and female would be either sowne or planted in thâ verie same ground with Pionie This hearbe especially the female is verie much commended for his vertues ãâã the iuice that is pressed out of his leaues and the water that is distilled thereof ãâã heale all sorts of wounds as well new as old all sorts of vlcers whether maligne ãâã cancrous swellings and hot tumors itch and all the diseases of the skin and which is more the often vse as well of the iuice as of the distilled water of Paules ãâã doth perfectly cure the Leprosie whereof we haue a notable and famous testimoâââ of a French King who thereby was throughly cured thereof And this is the ãâã why this hearbe is called the Leapers hearbe Some doe make a balme thereof ãâã we will further speake in the Chapter of Balmes in the third Booke which is singâlar aboue all others for all sorts of wounds and maligne vlcers as also for the Leprosie and that it is so good is proued for that a certaine person well knowne vnto ãâã hauing a virulent vlcer in manner of a Polypus in his nosthrils of the cure ãâã manie as well Physitioâs as Surgions being excellent men and dwelling in ãâã Towne did altogether despaire was notwithstanding wonderfully cured by the application of this Balme and often vse of potions made of the decoction of the leaues of the female Paules Betonie This hearbe is singular also in Clysters for bloudie Fluxes and in drinkes for pestilent Feauers vlcers of the Lungs and obstructions of the Liuer and Spleene Gromell is the same which we call in Latine Milium solis and it groweth better being sowne than pianted it delighteth in a drie and vntilled ground being withall stonie and hauing a good ayre The iuice of the leaues and powder of the seed being drunke with Wine hath a singular vertue against the Grauell and Stone and procuring of the Vrine to passe away There is nothing more singular for the burning of the Vrine than to drinke manie mornings
the seed of Gromell to the quantitie of two drammes Ceterach halfe a dramme and Amber two scruples all being powdred with the iuice of Plantaine or Purcelane or Lettuce In like manner two drammes of the seed of Gromell with womens milke doth much comfort and strengthen a woman in her child-birth Hyporicum loueth the like entreatie that Gromell loueth and yet withall it doth refuse a fat and well tilled soyle The iuice of the leaues and flowers healeth cuts and wounds The seed drunke with white wine taketh away the tertian Ague The flowers and crops are principally in vse to make Balmes of for the curing of wounds such like as this is Take of the fruit of the Elme tree the flowers of Hypericum and the buds of Roses put them all together in a Glasse-bottle and set them in the Sunne so long as vntill you see them all so altered and changed as that they may seem to be rotted then straine them all through a linnen cloth and reserue it for your vse See further in the third Booke of the oyle of Hypericum Ground-pine loueth a drie sandie and stonie soyle and groweth better planted than sowne The whole hearbe boyled in honied water doth heale the laundise prouoke the termes in Women prouoke Vrine and is soueraigne against the Sciatica either taken in drinke or applyed vpon the hippe in forme of a Cataplasme for the whole hearbe with the flowers and roots made into powder and taken at the mouth fortie daies with halfe an ounce of Turpentine doth throughly heale the Sciatica The conserue made of the flowers is good for such as are subiect vnto the Palsie The whole hearbe boyled in vineger and taken at the mouth doth minister insinit helpe to a trauailing women when the child is dead in her bodie Agrimonie would be planted in a stonie and drie place and further craueth no great helpe of hand or husbandrie The decoction openeth the obstructions of the Liuer and strengtheneth it and it being boyled and drunke doth helpe against the bitings of venimous beasts The iuice of Agrimonie mixt with vineger and salt in a Liniment doth cure the Itch. Agrimonie is good against the cough of Sheepe and for broken-winded Horses The liquor of the decoction of Agrimonie with fumitorie made like Whay doth prouoke Vrine expell the Termes heale the Itch and Scab of the whole bodie whereupon it is singular in the beginning of the Leprosie The seed mixt with the iuice of Agrimonie and taken in manner of pilles doth kill the Wormes The Stagge being shot and wounded is healed so soone as he hath eaten of this hearbe If you gather good store of this hearbe and steepe it in faire Spring water in a large earthen pot till the water putrifie and then euerie morning wash the face therein it will take away all manner of Morphew Sunne-burning Farn-freckles and other spots or dunnesse of the skinne whatsoeuer making the same also cleare and smooth and filling vp euerie manner of wrinekle Some likewise vse in this case to vse with Agrimonie the like quantitie of Goose-grasse and sure it is not amisse for they haue both one manner of force and working White Mullein groweth euerie where but best in a stonie and sandie ground The white Mullein both leaues flowers rootes and seed is singular good against all manner of venime as also to containe in his place the falling Fundament Good wiues in like manner for this consideration doe make a fume of the seed and flowers of Mullein the flowers of Camomill and Masticke all made into ãâã The iuice pressed from the root before it put forth his stalke and drunke foureââââ in the quantitie of an ounce with Hippocras or Malmesey in the beginning of a ãâã of a quartane Feauer doth driue it quite away The iuice pressed out of the floweââ or leaues applyed to Warts doth take them cleane away Likewise Gentlewomân find no better remedie than the iuice of white Mullein flowers to take away the wrinckles and other blemishes in their face The leaues bruised betwixt two stoneâ and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the foot of a Horse that hath beene cloyed doth affoord him a singular and present reliefe The water distilled of the flowers quencheth the firinesse of the face if there be a little Camphire added thereâ unto It doth in like manner with the tumor called Erisipelas the itch burnings ãâã other diseases of the skin The flowers of white Mullein with the yolke of an eggâ crummes of bread and the leaues of Leeks applyed vnto the Hemorrhoids doe ãâã them altogether There groweth about the leaues of white Mullein a whitish ãâã which is good to make match or tinder to take fire Mercurie craueth one and the same ground with the Vine there to be sowne and grow in great aboundance without anie great care of husbanding and yet thâââ must care and regard be had not to sow it among Vines because the wine which ãâã Vines should yeeld amongst whom Mercurie hath beene sowne would retaine the tast of Mercurie and become verie vnpleasant to drinke The iuice of Mercurie being drunke helpeth conception prouoketh womeââ termes and deliuereth them of their after-birth The decoction of Mercurie doââ loose the bellie being drunke or taken in a Clyster Some make a honey of the ãâã of Mercurie with a halfe quantitie of honey and this is good for laxatiue Clysteââ The iuice of Mercurie taketh away Warts the seed of Mercurie in a decoction with Wormewood doth cure the Iaundise and the iuice thereof with vineger doth ripâ vp the scab and scurffe Yarrow doth grow in a ground that is indifferent fat and moist The decoctioâ thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes and especially the red termes of women ãâã also that which commeth of a wound especially the leaues dried made in powder and drunke with the iuice or water of Comfrey or Plantaine The leafe put into the nose stayeth the bleeding and put into a Clyster it stayeth the bloudie flux Milfoile bearing a white flower being powned with his flower and drunke with ãâã distilled from the same and Goats milke doth cure the burning of the vrine in ãâã and the whites in women Danewort groweth better plunted than sowne and craueth a fat ground well âânured and somewhat moist The iuice pressed from the roots of Danewort being drunke for a certaine time preserueth a man from the Gout The seed of Danewort being well washed and drunke in powder to the quantitie of a dramme hauing beene first steeped a whole night in Wine doth helpe the Dropsie because it procureth stooles downward and vomit vpward to the voiding of great store of water Being drunke also with the dâcoction of ground Pine it asâuageth the paine of the Gout and Pocks There is also made a soueraigne Oyntment of the same for the appeasing of the said paines Taââ the iuice of the roots of Danewort the flowers of Rye and
fresh butter of ech alike mixe all and let them worke together in an earthen pot set in the Ouen with this Oyntment rub the akiââg parts or else infuse the flowers in oyle with mans grease set in the heat of the Sunne Some also make an Oyle of the seedes pressing it ãâã of them Orpin groweth for the most part in moist and shadowie places The Countrây people doe by their good wills plant it vpon Saint Iohns night in dishes or vpoâ trenchers of wood in some cleft of a wall the foot being thrust into clay and theââ they set it where it abideth a long time greene growing and flourishing if it be now and then watered The liquor of the decoction of the leaues is a soueraigne remedie to heale wounds and stay fluxes of bloud for inward wounds and vlcers and for burstings and ruptures Goats-beard groweth verie well in a moist ground and shadowed and craueth to be oft watered The Latines call it Vlmaria because the leaues are like to the leaues of Elme The root and leaues made in powder doe cure the flux of the bellie and bleeding The distilled water being drunke is singular good for wounds both inward and outward Ground-Iuie groweth likewise in a moist and shadowed place The decoction of the leaues hath great power to take away the obstructions of the liuer and spleene to prouoke vrine and the termes in women There is made of it an excellent balme for new cuts and wounds also for the Collicke ministred in Clysters or taken in drinke putting the small chopt leaues into a Glasse-violl well stopt with gummie wax and strong parchment and setting the said violl in Horse dung for the space of fortie daies The iuice thereof with the rust of Brasse is a fit medicine for fistulaes and hollow vlcers the decoction thereof with Betonie Pimpernell Mouse-eare Bistort Horse-taile Tormentill red Coleworts and Dittander is singular for wounds in the principall and inward parts if it be oft vsed This ground-Iuie is otherwise called of some Ale-hoofe and it hath a most singular vertue for the curing of all manner of âore eyes either in man or beast if you take it and beat it well in a mortar and drop into it three or foure drops either of white Rose-water or the water of Eye-bright and then straine it into a cleane Glasse-bottle and keepe it close then wash the sore eye therewith when occasion is ministred and the oftener in the day that you doe wash the sore eye therein the better it is and the sooner recouered Hounds-tongue groweth easily in peblie and vntilled ground The leaues powned and applyed vnto burnings the wild-fire old vlcers wounds and inflammations aches fluxes and hemorrhoids doe verie much good There is made a singular Oyntment for wounds of the iuice thereof mixed with honey of Roses and Turpentine There are also made thereof pilles to stay vehement and violent rhewmes Adders-tongue doth require aboue all other things a fat place well tilled and moist it groweth also in medowes but it is destroyed by and by and spoyled The leaues stamped and applyed vnto burnings inflammations burstings and principally vnto wounds and maligne vlcers are of a maruellous effect There is a balme made of the leaues thereof for the same effects whereunto some put Turpentine Red wine wherein this whole hearbe hath beene steeped is good to stay rhewmes falling downe vpon the eyes Goose-grasse doth grow in anie kind of ground and hath no need of great tillage Some doe distill the water of it which is singular good against the Pleurifie and other paines of the side being taken in the beginning of the disease as also against the bitings and stingings of venimous beasts and to coole the heat of Cankers Corne-rose craueth a fat ground and well tilled such as are Corne-grounds wherein we may see them grow faire and verie well blowne The flowers of Corne-rose as well the great as the small either in decoctions or the distilled water or in syârups or in powder the weight of halfe a French crowne are singular meanes to prouoke spitting in Pleurisies and to cure the same Bastard Dittanie in like manner requireth a fat ground and well tilled and therewith a diligent care to water it and to keepe it from the coldnesse of the ayre The seed root leaues and flowers as well in powder as in a decoction doe prouoke vrine breake the stone prouoke the monethly termes cast out the dead conception and after-birth being eaten with Rubarbe they kill and cast out the wormes The iuice applyed outwardly doth draw forth thornes and thistles and stumpeâ of splints Knot-grasse is called in Latine Polygonum it groweth by the edges of Vineyards and fields that are badly tilled especially when it is a moist yeare Amongst the principall vertues thereof the distilled water is soueraigne against the difficultie of vriââ as I haue oft proued by experience Salomons-seale must be set in a drie ground and raised high The root whiles it is new being powned or the iuice of the same wipeth out freckles spots blew markes of blowes falls or other such like thing whether they be in the face or in anie other part of the bodie Some distill the water which as verie good for the paintings of women Great Dragons must be planted in a shadowed place and good earth The small Dragons loue a moist ground and waterish as neere vnto the Fountaine in the Garden Their rootes boyled or rosted and mixt with honey and afterward taken as ãâã Eclegme doe profit greatly for shortnesse of breath difficult and hard coughs and painefull getting vp of the spittle in such sort as that they cut ripen and wast the grosse humors and slimie Being powdred and mixt with honey they heale maligne and corroding vlcers especially the Polypus Their leaues spread vpon Cheese doe keepe them from spoyling and âotting If the iuice thereof be mixed with honey and put into the eyes they take away all manner of paââe and aking thereof Also who so batheth his hands in the iuice thereof may handle anie venime without danger Also it is a great cooler of lust and maruellously abateth all lecherous cogitations As concerning the Nettle it hath no need either of sowing or setting for it commeth vp in Gardens more than one would haue it yet notwithstanding it is not without his great vertues as well the Greeke Nettle as the Hungarian or dead Nettle The leaues and especially the rootes of dead Nettle stamped and put vpon the nosthrils doe stay the bleeding of the nose and their iuice rubbed vpon the brow doth as much The leaues of the stinging Nettle stampt with a little Myrrhe and applyed vnto the nauell in forme of a Cataplasme haue great power to prouoke the termes of women Their iuice drunke a certaine time prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone A Liniment prepared with the leaues of Nettle Salt and Oyle doth
make answer vnto whatsoeuer any man hath demaunded of them but we must thinke that it is more probable that such like diuinatiân doth proceed of some diuelish art rather than by vertue of this plant seeing withall that this barbarous and heathenish nation is ordinarily giuen to call vpon the wicked feend in all their necessities and he againe doâh so dazle their eyes that he maketh them to conceiue an infinite number of ambiguous and doubtfull things and false superstitions representing vnto them a thousand diuelish and dreadfull visions and apparitions thus is the simplicitie of this poore people deluded by the companie of the said Priests holding for a true and certaine oracle their vertue proceeding from this plant Furthermore when they are throughly disposed to see strange and fantasticall visions they burn the leaues of the said plant and take the fume at their mouth and nosthrils and verie presently after they become as it were depriued of sence falling to ãâã ground in a trance It is certaine that many Philosophers doe deliuer that there ãâã certaine plants which haue the like force and properties making men to dreame of ãâã infinit sort of things and those well pleasing to the spirit and vnderstanding of ãâã furthermore they assure vs that if a man take of the juice of it in any quantitie ãâã shall become beside himselfe for the space of three daies Dioscorides likewise saith That there are diuers plants which haue the same vertue as Mad night-shade a ãâã of the root whereof as he saith drunke with Wine doth bring dreames of ãâã things but not altogether vnpleasant but taken the double quantitie it makeââ mad and taken foure fold it killeth if any man eat Anise-seed going to bed he shalâ haue pleasant dreames in his sleepe but and if he eat turneps they will procure hiâ noysome and troublesome dreames Furthermore the vse of the leaues of Nicotiana as well greene as drie and ãâã in powder are distilled in a glasse lembecke the water whereof is not lesse ãâã than the juice in wounds swellings kibes and the falling of the nailes of the ââgers if you powre of this water vpon the griefe and afterward couer it with ãâã clothes dipt in the same Some likewise draw an oyle out of it by descension to speake after the manner of Chymists in a glasse retort some also doe make thereof a chymicall salt both the one and the other are a great deale more excellent in the foresaid diseases ãâã the leaues juice powder or distilled water of Nicotiana forasmuch as quintessesces drawne out of simples are the subtile spirits thereof wherein lyeth the pure ãâã and sincere qualities of the matter from whence it is drawne we will not speakâ here of the manner of distilling of the Chymicall oile and salt of Nicotiana but reserue the same for our booke of secret remedies The ointments of Nicotiana are made diuers waies notwithstanding that this ãâã simple taken and applied as we haue alreadie spoken at large be of greater vertââ and efficacie I will onely make mention of two which seeme to me the most artificially described The first is take of the fairest greatest geenest and most roâânish leaues of Nicotiana that can be chosen a pound wipe them as cleane as ãâã possible with a linnen cloth from all dust earth and whatsoeuer other filth not âââting them any thing at all bray them in a mortar of wood or marble with a woodden pestell afterward melt halfe a pound of sweet seame prepared that is ãâã from all manner of filmes and skinnes in a brasen vessell putting to the said ãâã the drosse and juice of Nicotiana stampt as hath beene said let it all boyle together in a brasen vessell at a small and soft fire set vpon a triuet or in Maries ãâã that is to say a cauldron full of boyling water vntill you see all the warrie part of the juice euaporated and that the rest haue got the consistence or just thicknesse of the forme of an vnguent The second ointment is such melt and boyle together perrosin new wax and turpentine vpon a coole fire in a brasse skellet of each threâ ounces and when it is all melted and shall begin to froth take a pound of the drossâ and juice of the leaues of Nicotiana so purged chosen and stamped as hath beenâ said set them to boyle with the wax perrosin and turpentine the space of fiue or sixe houres more or lesse at a small and gentle fire of coales vpon a treuet or in a double vessell that is to say in a cauldron full of boyling water stirre the same continually vntill the watrie parts of the juice be consumed and spent and the rest boyled thicke like an oyntment after that straine it through a thicke canuasse and pââ it againe into the skellet with halfe a pound of Venice turpentine not suffering it ãâã boile but stirring it verie well let it coole and put it into pots for your vse ãâã in dispensing the first and second ointment put not in the drosâe of the stamped herb but strayning it through a thicke strainer reserue onely the juice which seemeth ãâã me to be the better As concerning the properties of these two oyntments the ãâã is better for wounds onely canerous vlcers ringwormes skurfes and fire faces because it hath more force to clense and resolue which is the principall and chiefe propertie of Nicoriana not being hindered or restrained by the mixture of other ingredients The other Ointment is better to incarnate and consolidate all sorts of wounds to resolue impostumes and swellings to mitigate paines and other effects Besides these two sorts of Ointments there may be made a verie excellent Balme of Nicotiana Distill the leaues of Nicotiana with the iuice pressed out the drosse being cast away put it into a Glasse-violl with like quantitie of common Oyle set this Violl well stopt with gummie Wax in the Sunne a long time and tye vpon the top of it a strong parchment or else set this Violl in a Cauldron full of boyling water or burie it in Horse dung and let it stand there full fortie daies changing the dung sometimes the fortie daies expired you shall find a Balme in the Violl which is of no lesse efficacie than the quintesâence of Nicotiana aboue mentioned as concerning all the properties that may be desired in this Plant. Lastly you shall vnderstand that the ashes of this Nicotiana is of no lesse soueraigntie and medicinall vse than the leafe before rehearsed for after you haue taken the fume of the Tabacco and that the powder is burnt into ashes you shall saue those ashes in a close boxe for they will cure anie greene wound whatsoeuer They are also most excellent for the skinning of anie soare or vlcer and if you steepe them in white Wine or Vrine and make a lee thereof but Vrine is the better because it hath a certaine sâewt oylie substance
aboââdantly The best season either to sow or plant it is in the Spring time and it endureâh manie yeares without aid or replanting all parts of it is verie medicinall both the root stalke leaues and flowers The water distilled of this hearbe is good againââ all Venimes or Poyson taken into the stomacke and also against all inward infection Itch Byles or Vlcers Then is Agrimonie of which we haue spoken ãâã Then Serpentar which is so called through the likelyhood it beareth of a ãâã and of it there are two kinds one great the other small It desireth a verie good earth and somewhat moist and may be sowne or planted in the Spring time The roots of this hearbe is excellent for all malignant Vlcers a decoction of the ãâã thereof is good for Womens termes and the leaues thereof keepeth Cheese long from rotting Then Onos which will grow in anie earth and rather in a barren ãâã a fertile and is best to be set of the root either in the Spring time or in ãâã It is soueraigne against the Stone and prouoketh Vrine speedily and a decoctioâ of the roots thereof taketh away the paine in the teeth Then Cinquefoile which groweth almost in euerie place and may be planted in anie season the decoction ãâã it being gargled or held long in the mouth taketh away the paine of the teeth and heales anie Vlcer in the mouth it is also good against anie Infection or pestilââ Ayre Then Sellodnie of which wee haue spoken before Then Staphiââââ which desireth a good ground yet euer to be planted in the shadow and that prââcipally about the Spring time It is good against paine in the Teeth ãâã and other Obstructions which grow from cold causes Then Goats leafe which will grow euerie where if it be not annoyed with wind and may be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne and is exceeding good for the stone Then ground Iuie of which we haue spoken before Then Tussilago or Colts foot which groweth best in watrie of moist places and would euer be planted in the Spring time or ãâã Autumne it is verie good against infection and against all straitnesse of breath ãâã the smoake or fume thereof being taken through a small tunnell in at the mouth ãâã cureth all infirmities of the lungs Then Salicaria or Lifimachus which receiued the name from the King Lisimachus who first made vse of that hearbe it loueth to be planted neere vnto Riuers either in the Spring time or in Winter it is good against the Dissenteria or to staunch bloud either being vsed in the leafe or in powder Lastly Vlmaria which loueth to be planted in low and shadowie valleyes a great ãâã more moist than drie and would be planted chiefely in Autumne The decoction ãâã it purgeth and cleanseth the bodie of all flegme whether it be sharpe or grosse it helpeth the Falling sicknesse the powder either of the roots or the leaues stayeth ãâã flux of the bellie or the issue of bloud and the distilled water easeth all paines both inward and outward Those hearbes which affect the North and delight to endure the blasts and âââpings of those colder ayres are first Gentiana of which we haue spoken before Thââ Cabaret or Asarum which neuer groweth so well from the seed as from the plant ãâã asketh little cost in tillage and beareth flowers twice a yeare that is to say both ãâã the Spring and in Autumne it cureth the paine in the head and assuâgeth the inflammation and anguish of sore eies it is good against Fistulaes the Gout and Sciââticaes The powder of the root prouoketh Vrine and stayeth the menstruall Flux ãâã helpeth the Dropsie and putteth away both the Feauer tertian and quartane Then the Golden rod which onely groweth from the seed and would be planted in a good soyle in the Spring time it is good against the Stone or Strangurie it bindeth vp Vlcers and healeth Fistulaes Then the hearbe which is called Deuils-bit it desireth but an indifferent earth rather moist than drie and where the Seed often sayâeth there the Plant neuer doth if it be set in the Spring time It is good against bitâer griefes as those which proceed from choler and against pestilent tumors against âice in childrens heads and such like Then Betonie of which we haue spoken beâore Then Harts-tongue which onely groweth best from the root it is to be planâed in the moneths of March and Aprill in a fat earth yet the moister the better it helpeth all oppilations and cureth those which are troubled with a quartane Feauer Then the hearbe Dogges-tongue which desireth a light blacke mould yet but reaâonably tilled it may be sowne or planted in the Spring time it is good to cure the Hemorrhoids and easeth all Ach in the limbes Then Serpents-tongue which must âuer be placed in a rich earth coole and moist for it can by no means endure the heat of the Summer it is best to be planted from the root in the first beginning of the Spring there is in it much vertue for the resoluing of Tumors and helping of Scalâings or Burnings or other malignant Vlcers or anie inflammations in the Eyes Then water Germander which delighteth most in cold grounds enclining more to âoisture than drinesse and rather fat than leane it flourisheth most in the moneths of Iune and Iuly yet in such sort that the flowers continue not aboue a day at most âor as one falls away another rises it is best to be planted from the root or slippe ãâã the moneths of Februarie or March it is soueraigne against all manner of Poyâons as Pestilence or the Dissenteria it prouoketh Vrine and the termes of Women it cleanseth Vlcers and reuiueth all benummed members Then Tormenâill or Septifolium which loueth a darke waterish and shadowed earth yet that which is verie fat and âertile it is alwaies to be sowne from the seed either in the Spring time or in Autumne it is soueraigne against the Stone but chiefely it cuâeth Fistulaes and old Vlcers it withstandeth Poyson and easeth the paine of the Teeth Then Enula Campane of which we haue spoken before Then Persicaria which is oftest planted from the root in the Spring time in grounds which are rather moist than drie The decoction of this hearbe cureth all manner of bruises in Beasts where the bone is not broken onely by bathing them therein Also the flesh of Mutâons Beeues Veales and such like is kept fresh manie daies by the vertue of this herbe ânely being wrapped about the same Then Lyons foot which will not liue but in ãâã good earth fat and fertile yet somewhat moist and is best to be sowne in the âoneths of March or Aprill it hath an excellent vertue for the healing of ruptures ãâã young children Then Eringo which craueth a good and well tilled ground and âay be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne it is good against the Collicke against Grauell or the
to the quantitie of two drams purgeth hot and châlericke humours Dame Violets haue great leaues somewhat blacke notcht round about and broad the flowers are white and incarnate and in shape like vnto the Auens they grow sometimes so high as that they degenerate into a tree Goats-bread that it may haue faire double and full flowers doth craue a fat and moist ground The leaues thereof open at the Sunne rise and they close at noone the root boyled in mudde doth appease the paines and pricking of the side taken in forme of a lohoch with syrope of Violets it helpeth obstructed lungs and the pleârisie boyled in vvater and preserued with Sugar it is a singular preseruatiue against the Plague Poysons Venime and deadly Stinging the juice or distilled vvater of this hearbe doth heale greene vvounds if you dip linnen clothes therein and applie them to the wounds some vse the root of this hearbe in sallades where daintie and fine fare is the same boyled in a pot vvith Veale and Mutton and afterward prepared and made readie betwixt two dishes with butter and vinegar Marie or Marians Violets for the beautifulnesse of the flowers deserue to bâ sowne in a fat and well laboured ground the flowers are good to make gargariââââ for the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth Lillie-conually called of the Latines Lillium conuallium notwithstanding thât it groweth in shadowed Woodgrounds yet it deserueth to be tilled in gardens as ãâã in regard of the faire little flowers white as snow which it beareth being also of a most amiable smell somewhat like vnto the Lillies as also in respect of his vertues because the distilled vvater of the flowers being taken vvith strong and noble vvine doth restore the speech vnto them which haue lost it vpon an apoplexie it is good likewise for the palsey distillations and fainting of the heart yet these nor any other Lillies whatsoeuer can I commend for any vse of nosegaies because the smell of them âs lussious grosse and vnwholesome apt to make the head ake and as some hold of âpinion apt to in ingender infection by reason of a certaine putrefaction which it âtirreth vp in the braine vvhereby all the inward parts are distempered therefore whosoeuer planteth them shall preserââ them more for shew than smell and make âse of their medicinall qualitie not oâ their order and touching their medicinall qualtitie there is none better than this that if the root be taken and cleane washt and boyled in milke and so applyed to any hard tumour swelling byle or impoâtumation it will either dissolue it or else ripen breake and heale it so that it be applied pultus wise verie hot Water lillie as well the white as the yellow desireth a waterish and marshie place vve see it grow likewise in pooles and fish-ponds The root of vvhite vvater lillie âoyled with grosse red wine and drunke stayeth womens whites the flowers roots ând seeds as well in decoctioâs as in conserues are verie singular or procure sâeepe ând to preserue chastitie Hyacinth groweth verie vvell in a sandie ground The root and seed boyled in vvine and drunke doth stay the flux of the bellie Narcyssus so called of a Greeke word because the smell of it comming vnto the ãâã doth cause an inclination vnto sleepinesse and heauinesse would be sowne in a âat ground that is hot and moist it groweth also aboundantly in Languedoe and Iâalie and but a little in this countrie The root thereof boyled or roasted and taken with meat of drinke doth greatly procure vomit also the same brayed with a little Honie and applyed doth heale burnings taketh away the freckles and spots of the face being mixt with the seed of nettles Corneflag called in Latine Gladiolus as well the blew as the white would be planted of new plants in March and Aprill or else of slips but such as haue roots for they are neuer sowne neither doe they require any great tilling Their flowres differ from the flowres of marigolds in this in that the flowres of the marigold doe open at the Sunne-shine but the flowres of Corneflag doe shut and close vp themselues then not opening againe but when it is cold and moist weather The roots must be pulled out of the earth in the beginning of the Spring that thereby they may haue a pleasant smell and a delectable kind of sauour and afterward they must be died in the shadow of the Sunne Some people to take away the superfluous moisture thereof which putteth them in danger to be consumed with Wormes doe vvet them with Lee of ashes as well whiles they are in the earth as when they are out and so drie them and keepe them for to procure the linnens and woollen garments to smell well The juice of the roots put in a clyster doth appease the paine of the Sciatica the root dried and made in powder doth cleanse and consolidate hollow and filthie vlcers being held in the mouth it causeth a good breath layed amongst clothes it preserueth them from all vermine and maketh them smell pleasantly The juice of the root taken at the mouth sundrie times purgeth water in such as haue the dropsie especially if it be taken mixt with the yolke of an egge halfe boyled The root mingled with the root of ellebor and twice so much Honie doth wipe away freckles red pimples and all spots of the face if it be annointed thereupon The decoction of the root taketh away the obstructâons caused of a grosse humour prouoketh vrine killeth vvormes and casteth out the stone The Italians make a preserue of this root whiles it is new with Sugar to Honie and vse it in all the cases aforesaid some make an oyle of the flowers infused in oyle which hath power to resolue soften and appease the griefe of cold rheumes or distillations Lillies must be planted in the moneth of March and Aprill in these ãâã and in hot countries in the moneths of October and Nouember as well the ãâ¦ã the orange colour in a fat and well digged ground you shall make their floweâ ãâã what colour you will if before you set them you steepe their roots in such ãâã substance as shall best like you and afterward likewise to water the roots when they are set and planted in their trench with the same liquor and that after this ãâã Some say that the flowers of Lillies become red and purple if their roots before ãâã be planted be steept in the Lees of red Wine or in dissolued Cinnabrium and ãâã watered with the same in the little pit or trench wherein it is set Or else when ãâã are in flower in the moneth of Iune you must take ten or twelue plants and ãâã them together to hang them in the smoake for so they will put forth small roots ãâã vnto vvild Garleeke and when the time of setting is come which is in the ãâã of March and
Aprill steepe the same plants in the lees of red Wine vntill they ãâã prettily well coloured as being become red when you take them out afterward ãâã them in prettie pits contriued in good order and water them sufficiently with ãâã said lees for by this meanes the flowers that will come of them will be purple ââloured You shall likewise haue young and fresh Lillies all the yeare long if ãâã they be open you gather them and after close them vp in some bottell or well ãâã vessell that so they may come by no ayre Or else close them vp in some oaken vessel well pitched so that there can no vvater get in and after sinke the vessell in ãâã Well Cesterne or running vvater for so they will keepe young and fresh ãâ¦ã yeare And if at any time during the whole yeare you would vse them set them in the Sunne that so by the heat thereof they may open And to the end that Lillies ãâã flower at many times when you set their roots you shall set some of twelue ãâã within the ground others eight and some foure for thus you shall still haue ãâã Lillies for a long time A Cataplasme made with the Onion of the roots of Lillies Hogs-grease and ãâã oyle of Cammomile doth maturate and ripen Buboes An oyntment made of ãâã said roots oyle of bitter Almonds and white Wax hath singular vertue to ãâã and smoth the face and to take away the vvrincles of vvomens faces The vvater ãâã Lillies distilled out of an Alembecke doth take away the vvrincles of vvomen ãâã and make them looke verie faire and white The root boyled or roasted in ââembers and stampt vvith oyle Oliue is a singular remedie against all sorts of burning as well of fire as vvater Being boyled vvith Garleeke and stampt in the ãâã of red Wine cleareth vvomens faces and countenances vvhich haue but ill coloâââ after their lying in bed if they besmeare their faces therewith at nights and in the morning wash them with Barlie vvater This root roasted and stamped with ãâã Swines-grease and applied to the cornes of the feet doth wholly spend them ãâã they be kept thereto but three whole daies together the distilled vvater of the flowers with a little Saffron and sweet Zylocaâsia helpeth vvomen in child-birth and deliuereth them also of their after-birth the oyle that is made of the flowers by infusion is good to soften all manner of hardnesse in swellings or otherwise if ãâã chafe the priuie parts with oyle of Linseed and applie Wooll vvet in these ãâã vpon the bellie Women which are in trauell of child-birth will find great ease ãâã the same Small Paââces otherwise called Autumne Violets desire a drie and ãâã place they are to be planted in the Spring time and beare flowers continuing ãâã Autumne yea to Winter if so be they be oft watered and carefully handled The leaues or juice of small Paunces taken at the mouth or applied outwardly are ãâã good to conglutinate wounds the leaues of small Paunces boyled and ãâã doe stay the Falling-sicknesse in children when they froth and some the same flowers boyled with their hearbes and drunke doe cleanse the lungs and breast and ãâã good for inward inflammations The leaues dried and made in powder and ãâã with red Wine to the quantitie of halfe a spoonefull haue great force to stay the ãâã downe of the fundament The Helitropian is a certaine flower which hath such a loue and sympathie with ãâã Sunne that as his beames rise and spread open in the morning like a Curtaine ãâã the hearbe also openeth her leaues and glories and as it were attending vpon ãâã beames her flower riseth as he riseth and when the Sunne is in his Meridian or âoone point then the flower standeth and looketh straight vpright and as the âunne declineth so it likewise declineth and in the euening as hee shutteth in his âeames so it also closeth vp her flowers and remaineth as it were hid and lockt vp ãâã the next morning This Helitropian neuer beareth on one stalke aboue one flowâââ but it is exceeding large and great being euer at least halfe a foot in the diameter ãâã is round and âlat fashioned and enuironed with yellow leaues of a bright golden ãâã it groweth also vpon a great thicke stalke straight vpright and high from ãâã ground it beareth also verie manie seeds which as soone as they are ripe are like Marigold seeds white rough and semiciâcled The best time to sow it is in the âpring time at the wane of the Moone and it is verie quicke and speedie in growââg The greatest glorie it hath is the beautie thereof yet it hath all those vertues âhich the Marigold hath and cureth the same inâirmities Contrarie to this is the flower of the Night which is verie memorable for the ãâã faire flowers which it beareth It is therefore called the flower of the Night ãâã at the Sunnes rising it shuts vp her flowers and at his setting spreads them open ãâã and so flourisheth with great beautie all the night long his flowers are of ãâã colours some white some red some carnation and some yellow some interâixt and some entire insomuch that to behold it either in the morning or in the ãâã it lookes like a most fine piece of Arras or Tapistrie to the great wonder of ãâã beholders when they shall see so manie seuerall colours proceeding from one ãâã without anie artificiall labour or other sophistication It is to be planted or ãâã in the moneth of March when the Moone is encreasing the ground being ãâã and rich and well tilled and ordered before hand Tulipan is a Plant which growes about two or three foot from the ground and ãâã a verie faire flower yet commonly not before it be three yeares old it deâighteth to grow neere vnto the Flower-de-luce and would be planted soone after Winter in the new of the Moone The first yeare it putteth forth but one leafe verie âarge and of a greene colour the second yeare it putteth forth two leaues and the âhird yeare three leaues together with the knob or button which beareth the flower ând all long before the approaching of Winter as soone as the three leaues are âprung vp which are euer neere vnto the earth the stemme shooteth vpward a good âeight without leaues as smooth as a cudgell till it be come to his full growth Now of these Tulipans there are diuers kinds and are distinguished onely by the different âolours of their flowers for some are white some red some blew some yellow some Orange some of a Violet colour and indeed generally of anie colour whatsoeuer âxcept greene yet it is to be noted that these Tulipans which are thus of one enââre colour are but common and ordinarie for those which are most rare and preciâââ are of diuers colours mixt together and in semblance like the flower of the Night before spoken of Againe there
ãâ¦ã also that it may grow the fairer and fuller leafe it will be good to water the ãâã âoft with water wherein hath been steeped for the space of one whole day drie thyme somewhat bruised If you be disposed to gather the seed you must gather also the flowers wherein it is contained seeing they cannot be sundred A Cataplasme made of thyme boyled in Wine appeaâeth the paine of the Sciatiââca and the windinesse of the bodie and matrin The smelling of thyme is soueraigne to raise them that haue the Falling-sicknesse out of their fit and also to keepe them from their fit by decking their bed about with the leaues thereof The oft vsing of thyme with wine or whay is good for melancholicke persons Winter Sauourie craueth no fat manured or well tilled ground but rather an âpen stonie and light ground lying so as the Sunne may shine full vpon it Both Thyme and Winter Sauourie are good for the nourishing of bees and for the preserâing and seasoning of meats they are also called fine sebtill or small and slender hearbes Organie otherwise called bastard Margerome loueth a rough stonie peble weake and yet well fuânisht ground and vvithall craueth a manured ground as also to be watered vntill it be growne vp to his full bignesse notwithstanding it be seene âo grow in many places without watering or dunging It may be remoued of little âprouts or sciences and the lower end set vpward to the end that it may put forth new âprings and shoots and be sown of his seed the which the elder it is so much the sooâer it will put forth of the earth although that organie do not ordinarily shew it selfe before the 30 or 40 day after the sowing of it in many places it is sowne neere vnto â because they willingly load themselues from thence and make singular honie Organie boyled in Wine and layed vpon the region of the raines doth take away and vndoe the difficultie of making vvater being boyled in wine and drunke it is good against venimous beasts or the stingings of Scorpions and Spiders A Cataplasme made of Organie and Barly meale boyled together resolueth the tumours vnder the eares The decoction thereof is good to comfort the sinews and the relaxed and weake parts the seed thereof drunke vvith Wine doth prepare and dispose a vvoman to conceiue the flowers and leaues of the sayd Organie dried at the fire in an earthen test or melting pot and being wrapped vp verie hot in a cloth and applied vnto the head and kept fast tied thereunto doth cure the rheume comming of cold Hyssope affecteth a place free from shadow and lying open vpon the Sunne it âay be set or sowne about the twelfth of March It must be cut in the moneth of August and dried to put in pottage in Winter Amongst other principall vertues that it hath it is of great vse for the affects of âhe lungs and to prouoke vvomens termes of there be a broth made thereof to sup âasting in the morning Some say that the syrope of Hyssope taken oftentimes with âowerfold so much of the vvater of Pellitorie of the wall causeth the stone and much grauell to auoyd from the reines Hyssope with figs rue and honie boyled together ân water and drunke is good for those that are short breathed and for old and hard âoughs stampt with salt cummine and honie and applied healeth the stingings of Scorpions stampt with oyle and rubbed it killeth lice pills made of hyssope âorehound and pionie roots doe heale the falling-sicknesse Sommer sauourie doth delight in an open Sunne shining place and therefore must be set or sowne in such a one not in a fat or manured ground for it is often seen grow of it selfe in leane grounds and neere vnto the Sea It groweth more delightâully and of a better tast if it be sowne amongst onions It is verie good for sauce to âeat The leaues and flowres applied vnto the head in forme of a cap or garland doth away the drowsily inclined A Cataplasme made of sauorie and wheat meale âoth cure distillations The Sciatiâââ Coriander âorteth well with any kind of ground notwithstanding in a fat and âew ground it groweth a great deale more aboundantly and it seeketh for an hot âire againe that which groweth in a sunnie place doth ouerthriue that vvhich groweth in a shadowed place when you goe about to sow it chuse the eldest seed you can get for by how much it is the elder by so much it is the better so that it ãâã not mouldie and foughtie Sow it also in a fat and moist ground and yet ãâ¦ã a leane ground and to cause it to spring vp the sooner you must steepe the ãâ¦ã water two daies before you sow it If you must dung the ground where it is to be sowne it must be with Sheepe or Goats dung rather than anie other The excessiue heat thereof bringeth Head-ach and the trembling of the ãâã being eaten after meat it comforteth digestion and dispelleth windinesse so that ãâã be prepared The way to prepare it is as followeth You must hauing dried it ãâã cast vpon it verie good wine and vineger mixt together and leaue it thus sprinklââ and wet the space of foure and twentie houres then drie it vp and keepe it for Physicke vse being stamped in vineger and cast vpon flesh it keepeth it from ãâã it prouoketh womens termes and some say that looke how manie seeds a woman drinketh with white wine so manie daies shall her termes continue ãâ¦ã drunke with the iuice of Pomegranats killeth the Wormes in children The ãâã thereof with Ceruse Litharge of Siluer Vineger and Oyle of Roses ãâ¦ã Wild fire and all Rednesse The seed stamped in Vineger doth keepe the ãâã from corrupting in Summer Also to drinke the iuice thereof with Honey ãâã Wine killeth Wormes and adding the seedes bruised thereto it helpeth a ãâã Feuer Sage as well the little as the great it planted of branches wrythen at the foot ãâã also of roots in the Spring and Autumne It is sowne also at the same time The ãâã delighteth to be laid about with Lee ashes It must be set neere vnto Rue to ãâã from Adders and Lizards which vse to take vp their lodging neere vnto Sage ãâã may be knowne by the leaues which haue their tops oftentimes withered and dried the same comming of hauing beene touched by Serpents Sage refuseth neither ãâã nor cold ayre how beit naturally it groweth in a barren stoââe and ill ãâã ground and that in such sort as that in some places of Spaine the mountaineâ ãâ¦ã ouer-growne therewith and the Countrey inhabitants burne no other wood Noâwithstanding to grow faire it would be well digged about and kept cleanâ ãâã leaues and stalkes that are dead It hath a singular vertue to comfort the âinewes that are hurt by being ãâ¦ã or otherwise become weake
away their pilling they cut them in slices boyle them in water and after frie them in the flower of meale and butter or oyle and then cast vpon them pepper and salt this kind of meat is good for such men as are inclined to dallie with common dames and short-heeld huswiues because it is windie and withall ingendreth cholericke humours inâinite obstructions and head-ach sadnesse melancholicke dreames and in the end long continuing agues and therefore it were better to forbeare them Mandrakes as well the male as the female is more acceptable and to be commended for the beautie of his leaues fruit and whole plant than for the smell it hath it must be sowne or planted in some shadowed place a fat and well battild ground and be kept from the cold which it altogether detesteth and cannot abide The Apples of Mandrakes procure sleepe if you put but one of them vnder your eare when you are layed in bed it is all but fables which is spoken of the root which is not so cooling as the apple and hath vertue on the contrarie to drie soften and resolue all the hardnesse of the liuer spleene kings euill and such other tumours how hard and rebellious soeuer that they be Which is more Dioscorides reporteth that if one boyle the rootes of Mandrakes vvith Iuorie for the space of sixe houres it maketh the Iuorie so tractable and softeneth it in such sort as that you may set what impression vpon Iuorie that you please peraduenture such as bring vs vnicornes horne from thence doe vse such deceitfull and wily dealing with vs seeing by such their cunning skill they are able in such sort to soften Iuorie or the Harts-horne and thereby likewise able to worke it to the same forme which we receiue the vnicornes-horne in at this day Within this small time there hath beene seene a plant somewhat like vnto apples of loue bearing a round fruit like an apple diuided vpon the outside as the melon is with furrowes in the beginning it is greene but afterward when it commeth to ripenesse it becommeth somewhat golden and sometimes reddish This plant is more pleasant to the sight than either to the taste or smell because the fruit being eaten it prouoketh loathing and vomiting CHAP. L. Of the forme of setting Hearbes in order by proportion of diuers fashions WEe haue alreadie deliuered the forme of setting Hearbes in order as well such as are of a sweet smell as those which are for nosegaies and that either vpon particular beds or quarters now we will speake of the manner of bestowing of them in proportions of diuers fashions and in labyrinthes or mazes But in this course I cannot set thee downe an vniuersall and as it were inuiolable prescript and ordinance seeing the fashions of proportions doe depend partly vpon the spirit and inuention of the Gardener and partly vpon the pleasure of the maister and Lord vnto whom the ground and garden appertaineth the one whereof is lead by the hops and skips turnings and windings of his braine the other by the pleasing of his eye according to his best fantasie Notwithstanding that there may not any thing be here omitted which might worke your better contentment and greater pleasure by looking vpon the beautie and comelinesse of this your garden-plot I intend to set before you diuers figures of proportions and the manner of drawing of them cunningly to the end you may haue the meanes to chuse those which shall most delight you and best agree with your good liking In which I desire you to giue great thankes and acknowledge your selfe greatly beholden and bound vnto Monsieur Porcher Prior of Crecie in Brie the most excellent man in this art not onely in France but also in all Europe and not vnto me who shall be but his mouth in deliuering what he hath said written and communicated vnto me in precepts yet extant and to be seene with the eye And touching these proportions you shall vnderstand that they are of two kinds inward and outward the inward are those beauties and proportions which are bestowed vpon the inward parts or quarters of your garden as are knots mazes armes braunches or any other curious figures whatsoeuer and these are diuided by slender rowes or lines of hearbes flowers turfes or such like the outward beauties or proportions are those which are bestowed in the outward and generall parts of the whole or entire modell of the garden drawne into what figure knot or deuise your fancie can create or the ground retaine and are diuided by alleyes hedges deepe borders and such like as shall be at large shewed vnto you hereafter To come therefore vnto the matter all the sweet smelling hearbes and others for âosegaies which we haue mentioned before are not fit and good to make proportions of The most fit and meet are penniroyall lauander hysâope wild thyme rosemarie thyme âage marierom cammomile violets daisies basil and other such hearbs as well those that are of sweet smell as those which are for nosegayes as for example lauander and rosemarie of a yeare old to make borders about the proportions or knots and as for boxe in as much as it is of a naughtie smell it is to be left off and not dealt withall All the rest of the hearbes as penniroyall hyssope wild thyme thyme sage maâierom and such like are âittest to be vsed about the quarters or else in some such preâtie little deuises as are made in the middest of borders or whereof proportions of quarters without borders as wel whole as broken are made Germander also is an excellent hearbe for the setting forth of any inward proportion for it growes euen and comely thicke and vpright so is also mother of thyme winter-âauorie and pinkes prouided that with your sheares you keepe them from too much spreading The hearbes whereof borders shall bee made must bee more high and thickeâ set of leaues than those whereof proportions of quarters either whole or broken are made or yet the other which are in the middest of the borders that so the beautie and good proportion of the knot or quarter may bee seene and discerned more easily I call in these places that the border which compasseth the proportion or quarter about as also the alleys of the garden I call broken quarters those many small parcels which are sundred and seperate one from another The proportions either without borders or borders are either equally square in widenesse and length or else vnequally squared that is to say longer than they are wide or wider than they are long Or else of the forme and shape of an egge or of a forme and fashion that is mixt of a round and a square or of some such other forme as shall please the gardener as for example the fashion of a flower-deluce of a true loues knot of a lion rampant and other such like portraitures That which shall be in the midst of the proportions with borders
sweet of smell and such as will neuer faile but alwaies hold and bring forth in their season besides that a man may fit the root and branchââ thereof to make a shadow Such Roses are not good to make conserues or distilled water nor for anie vse in Physicke onely they are good to drie and put amongst Linnen and other Apparrell because of their good smell It is true that some say that they loosen the bellie Looke further in the third Booke in the Chapter of the speciall properties of Grafting and Planting To haue Roses that shall smell verie sweet you must plant your Rose-tree in a place that is verie drie or else to set it round about with Garlicke The Roses will come early if you make a little trench of some two hands wide round about the Rose-tree and therein powre warme water morning and euening and yet this must not be attempted before it begin to put forth his buds You shall doe the like if you place your Rose-tree in baskets or pots of earth and order them after the manner of timely Gourds and Cucumbers as hath beene taught before You may keepe new Roses in their liuelinesse if you put them in the lees of Oyle so as that the lees may swimme aboue them Others pull vp greene Barly roots and all wherein they wrap Roses as yet not blowne and so put them together in a ãâã that is not pitched The way to haue greene Roses is if you graft the Rose-tree vpon an old Colewort stalke or vpon the bodie of an Oake but then the Roses will ãâã no smell You may make the Carnation Rose white if you perfume it with Brimstone ãâã such time as it beginneth to spread You may haue Roses of a yellow colour if after you haue planted the Rose-tree vvith his naturall earth neere vnto the broome you bore through the broome stalke vvith a vvimble and plant in the same hole diuers roots or shoots of the Rose-tree scraped round about so farre as they are to lye in the hole and after tie and make theâ fast vnto the broome plant with mortar and whenas you see the hole bored in the stalke to be growne vp againe you shall cut off the broome stalke aboue the plaââ vvhere you bored the hole and shall let the Rose-tree to put forth his shoots and ãâã by this meanes you shall haue yellow Roses The vertues of the Roses are sufficiently knowne vnto euerie one Some distill the vvhite and Prouence rose vvhich if you vvill haue it to retaine the full qualitie and vertue of the Rose together with the smell and fauour of the same you must distill in a glasse vessell and not in lead as is ordinarily accustomed Some make ãâã and syropes of carnation Roses which haue force to loosen the bellie and to purge the humours offending in serious and cholericke matter as also good for ãâ¦ã the jaundise the obstructions of the liuer and beating of the heart The yellow growing within the Rose which is a flower accompanied as it vvere vvith smal haires doth stay the vvhite flowers of vvomen the white end of the leaues of Roses are good in a decoction to stay all manner of fluxes the cup hath the same force and vertues the seed and vvooll contained within the button of the Rose as also the whole button dried and made into powder is singular good to stay womenâ whites and termes for the scalding of the vvater for the disease called Gonorrhaea taken the weight of a dram with sowre red wine Box-tree is planted of shoots or boughs after the twelfth day of Nouember It delighteth in hillie places and mountaines and groweth verie well in cold drie and vvindie places It must not be planted neere the place where bees are kept for the flower killeth them sodainly Some affirme that it corrupteth the ayre by the stinking smell it hath and for this cause it would be as sparingly planted in the garden as possibly may be Box-tree is better to make combes and other durable instruments of than for to vse in medicine if it were not that Physitians doe hold that the scrapings or rââped powder of Box and the leaues thereof boyled in Lee doe cause the haire to looke âed Some likewise doe thinke that it hath the like properties that Guaiacum hath in decoctions for the French disease but herein I referre my selfe rather to experiânce than to reason Broome as well the small as the great is planted of shoots and boughs in the inârease of the Moone about the Calends of March It may likewise be sowne and it requireth a drie and sandie ground The flowers as also the seed doe prouoke vrine and breake the stone as well of the reines as of the bladder the flowers prouoke vomit taken in a drinke the leaues and crops boyled in wine or water are good for the dropsie and obstructions of the liuer spleene and kidneyes some vse the stalkes of broome to tie their vines as also to make ropes and sackes of and that by ripening it in water as they doe hempe Spanish broome groweth also in drie places it must be remoued after the first yeare that it is sowne it is sowne in Februarie and remoued in March the next yere after the flowers in decoctions procure vomite after the manner of white hellebor the seed alone doth loosen the bellie and forceth downeward great store of water Furze grow in vntilled and sandie grounds the leaues boyled in water or wine do stay all manner of âluxes The Cedar-tree is verie rare in these countries so that if you will haue it in your garden you must assigne it a well husbanded ground and lying open vpon the Sun notwithstanding the places where it is found most growing be cold and moist mountaines and full of snow if you doe well you must sow in pots of earth and cases or impaled places the small and exceeding little seed that commeth thereof The liquor thereof put into the hollow parts of the teeth doth stay their ach being anuointed it killeth the wormes and preserueth bodies from rotting The wood is verie pleasant to looke vpon and to smell vnto whereupon some vse it in steed of perfumes Saâin is planted as box and groweth much better if it be watered with Wine Lees or sprinkled with the dust of tile stones The leaues as well in decoction as in perâumes prouoke the termes and expell the after-birth and dead child they also cause to fall off the warts growing vpon a mans yard As concerning Iunipâr it affecteth the tops of mountaines and stonie ground for to grow well in and by how much it is the more âost of the winds and pinched with cold so much the fairer it groweth The fruit thereof is good for the stomach for weake and broken people and against all sorts of venime whether it be drunke or taken in a perfume as also against an
that the Sunne may come but sparingly to it to wit euen when the shadow ãâ¦ã be hard at the foot if it notwithstanding it delighteth much in places neere ãâã the Sea in leane and thin grounds where the ayre is warme and temperate of it âelfe It must be planted in Autumne and in the Spring time of sets of whole plants ãâã of branches and in March it is planted verie fitly and seasonably when as the âap âputteth vp and commeth to the barbe It may likewise be fowne after the foure ãâã day of March in a ground that is well manured one foot within the ground ãâã foure berries together and at the yeares end to remoue it to some other place The Bay-tree feareth the cold aboue all other things and for this cause it must be planted in this countrie in a firme and solide ground as hath beene said to the end that during the times of snow frost and freesing vpon raine the roots may be defended from cold which although the boughes and braunches should be dead by the cold of Winter it would yet continue to bring forth new boughes in the Spring time for the fastnesse and closenesse of the ground will haue let and stayed the ayre from hauing pierced vnto the roots And in caâe the ground where you haue planted your Bay-tree should be sandie drie and barren then it will be your part during the time of Winter to spread and cast ashes and straw about the roots of the Bay-tree to preserue the heat of the earth and to withhold the cold from piercing vnto the roots Then for to procure a flourishing and faire Bay-tree two things are necessarie the heat of the ayre and the fastnesse of the ground of which if the one be wanting the Bay-tree will not grow any thing at all or if it grow yet it will be buâ a small and starued thing as we may easily make triall and proofe in this âcountrie The Bay-tree may be grafted vpon it selfe as also vpon the Dogg-tree the Ash-tree and the Cherrie-tree as we will declare more largely in the third Booke The Myrââe tree is of two sorts the one is a darke greene the other is a light greene the one beareth a yellow flowre and the other a white but of these the later is the better but euerie sort of Myrâle craueth a hot Countrie a light sandie leaâââ and brittle kind of ground and yet notwithstanding this it groweth well vpon the Sea bankes as also vpon the sides of pooles lakes and fennes It is planted either of young boughs borowed and cut downe for the excessiâe ranknesse of them after ãâ¦ã foure or fiue yeares old or from the shoots putting forth at the root thereof âepeââting them from the maine root so soone as they be put vp and from after a yeare of their first planting to remoue them or else of seed rubbed and chaâed betwixt your hands and after thrust into an old band or small cord the same buried all along according to that length that it is of in a furrow cast a foot deepe or thereabout and well manured with rotten dung and watering the place The myrtle-tree would be planted in the highest part of the Garden for by his smell it maketh the place most delightsome it may be âowne also after the manner of the Bay-tree but then it will not grow vp till after a long tâme It will grow both high and faire if you make it cleane and scoâre it often round about and it will bâing forth much and great fruit if you plant Rose-trees neere vnto it or else plant it neere vnto Oliue-trees in the countrie where they grow for the Myrtle and Oliue trees doe helpe one another greatly It loueth and craueth to be watred with mans vrine but especially with sheepes or when you can get neither of these with warme water wherein it delighteth exceedingly as sometimes appeared by a Myrtle planted neere vnto a bath which to euerie mans sight grew verie pleasantly and beautifully though there were no reckoning or account made thereof Myrtle-berries put in a vessell which is not pitched but well couered doth keepe a long time greene and fresh Some hold it better to put them in hanging vpon their boughs The Myrtle ãâã nothing so much as cold and taketh delight to be neere vnto pooles brookes and maritime places If you water it oft with warme water it will beare fruit ãâ¦ã any kernell The fruit is called Myrtle-berries It must be gathered when it is ãâ¦ã great while after the Rose is fallen and shaken It may be grafted vpon another of his owne kind and the white vpon the blacke and the blacke vpon the Apple-treâ Medlar-tree and Pomegranet-tree After vintage time in the countrie of Prouence where there is a great number of Myrtle-trees the birds feed of the fruit of the Myrtle-tree and thereby become so fat and their flesh so pleasant to eat as that men eat birds so fatted all whole withâââ pulling out of the garbage insomuch as it is growne into a common prouerbe ãâã the excrement is better than the flesh The leaues bayes or berries of myrtle-tree by their astringent force and ãâã doe stay all manner of fluxes whether it be of the bellie or of the termes or principally of the whites the juice and distilled water of Myrtle-tree are singular good to drinke to keepe vp the falling fundament The decoction of the seed of Myrtle-tree doth blacke the haire and keepeth it from falling The berries of the Myrtle-tree may serue in steed of pepper the sauce made therewith worketh the like effect and is singular good to comfort a languishing stomach myrtle berries euen do comfort the heart and cure the beating of the same the ashes of the drie leaues of myrtle-tree burned within a pot of raw earth so throughly as that they become white being afterward washed haue one and the same vertue that Spodium or Pompholââ hath If you cannot make the myrtle-tree to grow in your garden you must content your selfe with the Myrt-tree which craueth the same ground and manner of ordeâââ that the Myrtle-tree as being a kind of wild Myrtle-tree and which may be ãâ¦ã the steed of Myrtle-tree vvhen it cannot be come by as hauing the same or ãâ¦ã vertues Butchers-broome is also a kind of wild myrtle which groweth commonly in Forests and Vnderwoods from whence it is better to translate it into your garden ãâã either to sow or plant it He that is desirous to plant Tamariske in his garden must make choyce of the moist and wettest ground and for want of a sufficient moist ground to water ãâ¦ã It is likewise seene that Tamariske doth grow faire and tall by ponds ãâã and other standing waters It is planted either of roots or sprouts and that from the ãâã of October till the foure and twentieth of December yea vntill the beginning of Februarie but yet it thriueth best being set of roots there is
cleanse the faces of young girles and taketh away red pimples iâ the same as also other manner of spots like vnto them Likewise the iuice of ãâã distilled in a Limbeck besides that it helpeth and polisheth the countenances of women is furthermore good to take away out of the face and other parts of the bodie all white Spots Warts and other such like things The iuice of a Limon is of such vertue that if you straine it twice or thrice and then wash in it whole Pearles and afterward sâeepe them in it and after lay them in the Sunne within fiue or six daies they will become so soft as honey so that you may make anie shape with them that you will Furthermore the iuice of Limons is so corrasiue as that if you steepe in it a piece of Gold some certaine houres you shall find it diminished and become light and as much will fall out if you sticke a piece of Gold in a Limon See more of ãâã matter in the third Booke The flowers of Oranges are preserued with Honey or Sugar and those are verie cordiall therewith likewise is made a very precious water of rare and singular sweetnesse which is called the water of Nafe Pomegranate trees craue a hot or temperate ayre for they cannot beare fruit ãâ¦ã cold Countrey and albeit their fruit be of one of these three tasts as sweet sowre ãâã both sweet and sowre notwithstanding all manner of Pomegranates doe craue ãâã and the same ayre ground and manner of ordering They maintaine themselues ãâã good state in all manner of ground whether it be far or strong or grauellie or ãâã or sandie foreseene that the sand be somewhat grosse and moist They refuse not ãâã situation of anie ground be it hill valley or plaine yea they refuse not to grow well in stonie drie and rough grounds for a little nourishment doth content them And for these causes they need not to be so carefully husbanded as the former and ãâã rather because they will grow if they be but prickt downe and doe well beare either to be planted or grafted Further if you will take the paines to picke and ãâã them whiles they are young and in due time the fruit will be a great deale the bigger and of a better fashion but it must be looked so that they be planted vpon ãâã South Sunne but neuer vpon the East nor yet vpon the West for this quarter doth most hurt them as well as the Vine Note notwithstanding that the young branches which you shall cut off from them must be taken when the tree hath put forth his buds and not before which is contrarie to the branches of other trees as also that the siânces with barke and all be of the thicknesse of the helue of a knife And before that you plant them you must make sure and close both ends of them and annoint them with Swines dung which is more familiar vnto them than anie other and then lay them ouerthwart or crosse in the earth they delight in a ground that is noâ leane nor moist but indifferent fat and they grow the more easily and faire if there be planted and set by them the Sea Onion or especially some Mulberrie tree The time to plant them is from after March vntill May betwixt the same times it is good to graft them vpon themselues but to better successe vpon the Myrtle tree wherein they delight greatly The Citron tree the Willow and the Mulberrie tree are not so good howsoeuer that sometimes they may be grafted vpon them The manner of grafting them is to put into the bodie of the tree the graft of the Pomegranate tree so soone as euer it shall be cut off from it and after to poure vpon it some oyle and to plaster and couer it with earth and as concerning the graft it must be taken from the Pomegranate tree after it hath budded after the same manner that we haue said of the branches Furthermore the craue to be often watred when the Sunne is in Libra Pomegranate trees by mightie raines excessiue dewes and great fogges doe easily loose their flowers and fruits before it be ripe but to preuent this mischiefe they would be planted neere vnto some wall and haue their boughes bowed downward to the end they may not so easily take wet which is so noysome vnto them They endure clefts and chaps in their bodies without anie danger and therein they are like vnto the Figge-tree and Vine If the Pomegranate tree bring forth sowre or scarce sweet fruit you must water the roots thereof with Swines dung and mans dung mixt with old vrine or temper a little Beniamine with wine and therewith to bath and wash the top of the tree or to spread vpon the roots Asses dung and after to couer them and water them with mans vrine The seeds of the Pomegranate will be white if the roots of the tree be compassed about with Potters and Fullers clay and one fourth part of Plaâster for the space of three yeares The barren Pomegranate tree will become fruitfull if the bodie thereof be often washed with ashes and lees The Pomegranates will become red if the roots of the Pomegranate trees be often watered with lee or couered with the ashes of Acornes The Pomegranate will grow grosse and thicke if you put much Swines dung at the foot of the tree againe looke how much more of this dung you put there by so much the more sweet will the great sowre ones become Pomegranates will haue no seedes if you take away the greater part of the sappe of the boughes of the tree and lay them in the ground all shiuered and after that they haue take cut that part of the Plant which spreadeth furthest and hath alreadie put forth his buds Pomegranate trees will be fruitfull if you stampe Purââaine and Spurge together and therewith annoint the bodie of the tree Pomegranates will not breake nor open vpon the tree if there be three stones put at the root of the tâee when it is planted but and if the tree be alreadie planted then neere vnto the tree roots you must plant the Sea Onion But indeed all these helpes and such other doe but little preuaile and therefore it were better to plant or graft them onely which will not bring forth a fruit that will breake when it commeth to ripenesse The Pomegranate tree will not fall his flowers it the roots be watred euerie yeare thrice with old vrine mixt with as much water Pomegranates will keepe and continue if you dip them in faire warme water and take them out again by and by or else if you put them apart in drie sand or in a heape of corne in the shadow so long as till they become wrinkled but yet better if when they be ripe and yet hanging vpon the tree you wrythe the small bough a little
ãâã the start by which the Pomegranaâe hangeth or else lay Pomegranates in ãâã clay tempered with water and after drie them in the Sunne It is good likewise ãâã lay them in dust or scrapings or sawings of the Poplar tree the Holme tree or the Oake in a new earthen pot and within it to set them in order in manner of ãâã and then afterward to couer the pot and lute it verie well But whatsoeuer way ãâã take the principall end must be to keepe Oranges in a cold and drie plaâe and ãâã they be gathered with their stalkes as also with their little branches if possibly it may be done without hurting the tree for this helpeth much to keepe them long They must likewise be gathered in the old of the Moone so that they be then ãâã verie drie and not being wet from aboue and then after that to keepe them â day ãâã two in the Sunne their flowers lying downeward then after that to cloââ them ãâã in a pot verie well stopt and well pitcht or âeared that the ayre may not get in ãâã doe couer them and worke them ouer verie thicke with Potters earth verie well beaten and tempered and when it is drie then they hang them in a cold place and whââ they will eat them they steepe them in water and take away the earth Others doe wrap euerie one of them alone by it selfe in hay or in straw within cases The ãâã of Pomegranate trees doe driue away venâmous beasts and this was the cause why men in auncient time were wont to put the boughs of Pomegranate trees both vâdeâ and aboue them in their beds The Plane tree is more commended for the beautie of his leaues and shadow than for his fruit it groweth of shoots and siences drawne and taken from the tree and planted in a verie moist ground and such as is neere vnto some Fountaine or Riuââ and yet besides this it delighteth to be waâred oftentimes with neat Wine and sometimes with mens Vrine to helpe it to shoot vp and grow high and to put forth largâ and ample branches and long leaues for to make the better shade In this Counââey we cannot see manie faire ones I remember that I haue seene one at Basil in ãâã Peters place betwixt the height of fifteene or sixteene cubits vnder the shield and shadow whereof the people betooke themselues for their refreshment during the time of great and scorching heat Some make dishes of Plane tree wood to ãâã paine and wringings in the bellie being applyed thereunto You must beware of the dust which hangeth vpon the leaues for being taken into the bodie by drawing in of your breath it hurteth the rough arterie and voice and in like manner the âight and hearing if it fall into the eyes or eares The Nettle tree is well ynough knowne in Languedoc and Prouânâe especially in a borough neere vnto Mompelier called Bontonnet it groweth in a fat ground well manâred and toyled open to the South or East Sunne The wood is good to make Flutes Cornets and other Instruments of Musicke it is good also to make handles for Kniues and Swords The fruit is verie much desired at the Tables of great States of his great sweetnesse and most pleasant and delightsome smell which they find in it that doe eat or smell to it Likewise some doe presse a Wine out of this fruit being stamped and beaten which is verie sweet and seemeth like vnto other new pressed sweet Wines but it lesteth not aboue tenne or twelue daies The Masticke tree delighteth in moist places and is planted after the first day of Februarie it beareth fruit thrice a yeare The leaues barke and wood in decoctions haue power to restraine strengthen and comfort And this is the cause why it is vsed to make Tooth-pickes thereof The Turpentine tree delighteth in a low and moist ground and withall in a ãâã and warme ayre open vpon the Sunne The leaues barke and wood haue the ãâã vertue that the Masticke tree The Iuiube tree and others as well foraine as growing in our owne ãâ¦ã further to be seene and read of in the third Booke CHAP. LV. Of the two particular Gardens scituate or lying at the end of the Kitchin Garden and of the Garden of Pleasure THe Kitchin Garden and the other of Pleasure being of the largenesse aboue declared may haue referued out of them two or three acres for the profit of the Lord of the farme as for Madder Woâd Tasel Line and Hempe And we may also adde vnto these Saffron albeit that all these things euen as well as pulse if it be a free and kind ground doe well deserue ãâã haue euerie one his seueral field by it selfe and to be tilled and husbanded after the âanner of corne and pulse For Madder therefore it is meet that there should be appointed out foure or fiue âeres of ground in a place by it selfe which must not lye farre from the water but in ãâã free and not in a strong mould and yet not too light which hath had his three or foure arders with the plough or as indeed is best digged and siâted notwithstanding that the sifting of it be a longer peece of worke and of greater cost it being vâed to be cast and tilled with thicker raisings of the earth and smaller clouds than is âont to be in the casting or digging of a new vineyard For this plant hath his proper and particular seasons to be dressed and planted in as well as the vine but in this they differ verie manifestly that the one is an hearbe and the other a shrubbe and as it were a knot to many trees the one dieth yearely and there is nothing of it ãâã request but roots for to make good colours of but the other lasteth and contiââeth at the least twelue yeares in good liking and liuelihood of which the first sixe is for growth and a little for bringing forth of fruit and the later sixe for whole ââmple and intire profit the daunger of haile washing away of the grapes when the âines be flowre by much raine and frost being excepted vnto which in like maââer Madder in subject and oftentimes more than the vine because of his tendernesse This prehemencie it hath that the vine being frozen cannot be recouered but Madder may be either set or âowne againe as also Woad the speciall husbandrie of such as dwell in Prouence and the wealth and commoditie of Dyers of Cloth or Wooll with what colour soeuer it be It may be sowne or planted but indeed being sowne it yeeldeth scarce at any time any great store of increase but if you will sow it then bestow the like quantitie of the seed thereof vpon an acre as you are wont to doe of Hempe and that in the moneth of March vpon the tops of hills well battilled and âmanured thus the seed being cast into the ground and the same well incorporated with harrows of rakes
root as that it may seeme and shew as though one had cut them away with a hooke and after that to lay them in order in the shadow that so the Sunne may not harme or injure them The manner of making Woad Vnder your Mill which would not be as some vse a Mâll-stone for that crusheth out the sap and juice of the Woad too much but a Mill made of strong timbers the compasse of a large Mill-stone being hollow or dââuided onâ out-side from the other and running circular or round and these out-sides shall be bound together both in the middest by the drawing axell-tree and also at the outmost Verdges by strong places of yron made broad and flat with reasonable rebated edges and these plates shall be at least three foot in lengâh answering to the full bredth of the trough in which the Mill shall run and this Mill must be ãâã about by a horse Now the leaues as aforesaid being âârewed in the trough vnder the Mill you shall grind them as small as may be till they come to be as it were all one substance which may easily be done by oft turning the Woad ouer and ouer as the Mill runnes which one must continually doe with a shouell then the Woad being thus sufficiently well ground you shall stay the horse and takâ all the ground Woad out of the trough and then fill the Mill with fresh Woad againe and thus do till you haue ground all you woad which being finished you shall forthwith mould it vp into great round balls as bigge as a culuerine bullet or twice so bigge as a mans fists and these balls you shall place vpon fleakes or hurdles made of small wands pent-housed housed or couered ouer to keepe them from the raine but all the sides open in such wise that the Sunne or Wind may haue full power to passe through the same and these hurdles shall be mounâed one aboue another in many heights and degrees and your Woad balls shall lye thereupon without touching one another till they be throughly well dried then at the later end of the yeare which is towards Nouember you shall breake those balls againâ and put them vnder the Mill and grind them as before and then taking it from the Mill you shall lay it in great heapes in some coole vault kept for that purpose onely and when vpon this laying together vpon heapes it shall begin to take heat it must be turned and in turning watered vntill it be sufficiently moistned for as too much water drowneth it so too much heat in the heapes doth burne it thereupon you most pile it vpon heapes not high but long ones and stirre it euerie second day so long as till it become cold and yet after this to put it abroad euerie fouâth or sixth day while it be throughly cooled indeed And this worke must be verie carefully performed for otherwise the woad would roast it selfe and proue not any thing worth which being so ââimmed and ordered as it should it is left in some cold and paued place vntill the time of the selling of it and looke how much the longer it lyeth in heapes in this âase by so much it becommeth the better and finer The counârie men of Tholouse in whose countrie there groweth great store of Woad doe not grind their Woad-balls into ãâã but gather it together by great vessells full and put vnder the Mill-stone to ãâã out the waterish parts of it and then they make vp the remaining substance ãâ¦ã like loâues which they drie and rot afterward by laying them in the ãâã heat of the Sunne in Sommer time and then they cast these lumpes into their ãâã where they put their Wooll to be died a blew blacke or other colour as it best pleaseth the Dyers The leaues thereof made into a plaister doe ãâã ââââstumes and heale wounds new made they stay fluxes of bloud heale the wild ãâã and the vlcers which runne ouer the whole bodie Also the leaues of Woad thus ground are excellent to kill any itch ãâã or other râislike either in men or children also it is most excellent for the diââââ is ãâã called the Farcie and cureth it verie sodainely CHAP. LVII Of the Tasell THe Tasell called also Venus her bathing tubbe because it keepeth ãâã drops of water being by nature as all the other Thistles are hot and drie in the lower part of the leaues close by the stalkes to refresh and water it selfe withall serueth greatly in respect of his head for the vse of Clothworkers both to lay the Wooll of their new clothes so muchââ is ãâã as also to draw forth so much as lyeth loose out of order amongst the rest and it is ãâã seruiceable or more vnto Cap-makers after that the Cap is spun wouen ãâã and scoured with sope Walkers-earth or other scouring earth Now he that will ãâã profit by this hearbe must make choyce of a good fat ground well ãâ¦ã tilled with two three or foure arders and well harrowed and then after ãâã it with the best seed that possibly may be ââund and that verie thicke and when ãâã hath shot one of the earth as in the beginning of May then to make it cleane ãâã weed it with the hand and in Iune and Iulie to digge it if need be in the end of September you must gather the heads that haue flowred the first yeare leâââââ the rest to grow for to be gathered the yeare following at such time as they shall be ãâã flowre The heads cut off the plants must be planted anew in a well tilled ground putting all the root into holes from one to another which is all one with the ãâã ring of the Radish and trampling the ground vpon them verie orderly and ãâã and furthermore to digge them when they begin to pricke and put forth branchesââ in March Aprill and May and to cut them which are cankered or ãâã and so vnprofitable that so the juice of the earth may be fed vpon by those onely which are good and seruiceable And whereas at the time of their flowring they begin ãâã flowre on high on the head and so downeward till the whole head be ãâ¦ã flowre being once fallen you must cut off the head either euening or morning ãâã halfe a foot of stalke thereunto Furthermore you must not forget that they must be set or sowne in furrowes that so water may haue an orderly course to fall to the ãâã of them and giue them a continuall refreshment and not to sow them in anie ãâã place but such as is reasonably watrie for too much moisture maketh the ãâã the head thereof which is the thing of most importance more low and short and of lesse commodiousnesse You must not gather or bind them vp in bundells ãâã a drie season towards the moneth of October at the furthest and not any ãâã earlier than the later end of September Some gathering it doe leaue it at the ãâã to drie
inconueniences it is good acâording to the counsell of Columella to steepe the seeds for a certaine time in the juice of ãâã madame or to mingle with the said seed some âoot or else to water them with ãâã wherein soot hath beene tempered but it is better to speake of these things pââticularly Generally against all such beasts as doe hurt gardens it is good to ãâ¦ã place of the Garden as where you thinke these beasts doe most abound and keepe the paunch of a Sheepe full of dung as it commeth out of the Sheepes belly and to couer it with a little earth and within two daies you shall find all these beasts gathered together into this place before you haue done thus twice or thrice you shall be prouided of the meanes to kill and root out all these ãâã know then in a word what be the necessarie remedies for the auoiding of such accidents Against Haile ancient men were wont to set the whole compasse of their ground about with white wild Vine or else to fasten vnto the top of a high post an Owle hauing her wings spread The Lightnings and Thundring will doe no harme if there be buried in the midst of the Garden a kind of Toad called a Hedge-toad closed vp in a pot of earth Others doe hang in the midst of the Garden or at the soure corners thereof the seathers of an Eagle or the skinne of a Seale Others plant manie Bay-trees round about the Garden It is true that to breake or dissolue the Thunder accompanied with a great thicke cloud threatening haile there is nothing better than to ring the belles as is vsed to be done in hot Countries and to send forth the roaring sounds of the Canons as is wont to be done at Sea or else to set on fire some heapes of Weeds or stinking and rotten Seeds There is nothing more hurtfull or dangerous for hearbes than Frost which commeth when Snow and Ice are thawing And for to preserue your hearbes from this inconuenience of cold you must spread all ouer the ground great store of straw and ashes withall about that for by this meanes the heat of the earth will be preserued and the frost hindred that it cannot enter If you conceiue that your hearbs are like to be hurt by mists or fogs you must get together in diuers places of your gardens diuers heapes of tender twigs and straw or of weeds and shrubs pulled vp in the same place and after to set them on fire for the smoake thereof doth correct and cleare the duskish and cloudie ayre Against blasting which is a corruption happening to hearbes and trees by some euill constellation there is nothing better than to burne with the dung the right horne of an oxe in such sort as that there may on euerie side be caused a verie great smoake for this smoake will driue away and resolue the euill qualitie of the ayre which is the carrier of this maligne influence or else it will be good to plant in diâerâ places of the gardens diuers Bay-tree-boughes for the blasting will fall all vpon them To preserue seeds from being eaten of birds you must sâatter round about your gardens wheat or barly sod in wine mingled with hellebor or else water and sâeepe the seed in the decoction of âray fishes boyled in fresh water assuring your selfe that looke what groweth of such seeds will be free from all danger of these fowles or else water your seed with water and the lââs of wine or else âcaâer throughout the gardens some boyled leekes for so soone as they shall haue swallowed thew they wil be easily taken vp with your hand Some put ten cray fishes in a vessell full of vvater which they couer and set out in the Sunne for the space of ten daies afterward they ãâã the seeds they would sow with this water twice once before they be sowne and the other eight daies after that they are sowne By this meanes the seeds will not onely be kept safe from birds but also from all other manner of beasts To take away all harme which may come by little beasts it will be good to drie vpon the skinne of a Tortoise all such seeds as you intend to sow in your Gardens or else to plant in diuers places of your Gardens some Mints especially amongst your Coleworts or else to sow amongst your pot-hearbs some Cich-pease or Rocket or to fill the ground of your Kitchin Garden with Goose-dung tempered with salt ârine or else to sow the seeds in the first quarter of the Moone New Oyle lees or the foot of the Chimney sowne all about in your Gardens is good against Snailes To keepe away Caterpillers you must water your hearbes with water wherein haue beene steeped the ashes of the young shoots of Vines or perfume your hearbes and trees with quicke brimstone Some steepâ the seeds in the ãâã of fig tree ãâã and to kill the caterpillers doe cast vpon them the ashes themselues others like it better to plant a great onion called Squilla or else to burne âoad-stooles that grow out of the nut-tree or else some great store of garleeke without any head to the ãâã that by the strong smell which shâll ãâã thereof they may die Columella maketh mention of a certaine and approued remedie in this ãâã Caterpillers which is that when they will not be driuen away by other meaââ to ãâã a woman baâe footed hauing her termes her bosome open and ãâã about her eares to walke three times about the quarters and alleys of the hedges or ãâã of the garden This done you shall see the Caterpillers fall vpon the earth from the hearbs and trees bearing fruit neither more nor lesle than and if by shaking you beat ãâã the raine or water from a tree but in the meane time there must be care bad that this be not done at ãâã rise because that then euerie thing in the garden would ãâã and pine away If you water the fleas or lice with strong vinegar mingled with the juice of âenbane wherein the water of hemlocke shall haue boyled or with water ãâã Nigella hath bin steeped or with the decoction of mustard-sâeed they wil die shortly Gnats will be killed if you lay ãâã in sleepe and sprinkle the water about the garden or if you make a perfâme of Galbanâm or of Brimstone or of ãâã or of ox-dung If you would ãâã away flies make a perfume of Colo ãâã or water the place with water wherein it hath steeped To gather together all the Paâmar-wormes and other like beasts into one place to the end you may kill them you must spread in the place especially where they ãâã bound the gâts and ãâã of some sheepe newly killed the same made ãâã cleane but still full of filth and dung then two daies after you shall find them all come together vnto the entrailes For to kill Weazles you
must steepe Sal-ammoniack and Wheat together ãâã sow them neere the place where the Weazles haunt for by this they will ãâ¦ã killed or caused to run away if they eat it Some say that if you catch a ãâã cut off her taile and cods and let her goe againe aliue that afterward there will be ãâã moe ãâã in that place Ants will she away if you burne those which you take or if you annoint the ãâã of the tree which they vse with oxe-gall or with the deââction of Lupines or ãâã if you burne in the garden wild cucumber or if one clay ouer with white or red ãâã the tree where they are or if there be put at the mouth of their hole some ãâã and ãâã stone together You shall kill wormes if you perfume their holes with the smoake of oxt ãâã if you water them with pure lee You shall make them come out of the ground if ãâã water the place with the decoction of the leaues and seed of hempe or if you ãâã in the ground where you see great store of wormes it is true also that you shall rid your ground of them if you âare your ground during the time of great heat ãâã then you shall âind them in great numbers vpon the face and vppermost part of ãâã earth and so you may gather them into bowles to giue them to your ãâã which thereby will become fat and lay great store of egges You shall kill snailes if you sprinkle them with the new lââs of oyle or with the foot of the chimney Grashoppers will doe no great hurt vnto hearbes if they be vvatered with ãâã vvherein Worâewood or Leâkes or Centaurie hath beene stamped ãâã kill them you must boyle bitter lupines or wild cucumbers in salt brine and ãâ¦ã therewith or else burne a great sort of Grashoppers in the place from ãâã would driue them for the smell of the smoke doth kill them but and if you ãâ¦ã them altogether out of your gardens you must hang vp some Bats vpon yoââ highest trees You shall driue away field-Rats if you cast in the canicular or dogge ãâ¦ã of hemlocke into their holes together with hellebor and barly meale or ãâã you shut the mouthes of their holes with Bay-tree-leaues to the end that when they would come forth they may be forced to take those leaues in their teeth and so by the onely touching of them they are killed Or if you mingle amongst their meat such as you know them to be delighted in quicke siluer tinne or burnt lead blacke hellebor or the ãâã of yron or if you make a perfume of the bodies of their kinds or if you boyle beanes in any poysoned water so lay the said beanes at the mouthes of their holes which vpon the smell thereof will quickly run vnto them You shall also kill Rats and Mice with paste made of honie coperas and stamped glasse mixt together and layed in places where they haunt most Moules will neuer cast in those gardens where the hearbe called Palma Christi doth grow either of it owne accord or purposely sowne likewise you shall either kill them or driue them away if you lay at their holes mouthes a Walnut filled with chaffe brimstone and perrosin and there set it on fire for by the smoake that will come of this nut the Moules will be killed or else run away or if you lay in diuers furrows about the garden a small ball of hemp-seed it will be a let to keepe that there come not any into those grounds out of other and withall will driue away those which are there alreadie There are three waies to take them the first is to stand as it were vpon your watch about Sunne rise neere vnto the place where they haue lately cast vp the earth for this is ordinarily the verie houre that they cast in according to their custome and thus may you throw them verie easily out of their holes with a picâaxe or spade The second way is by causing water to run into the hole where they haue newly digged for when as they once feele the water they will not stay to ãâã forth and saue themselues vpon some greene turffe or other and there you may ââther take them aliue or kill them The third way Take a liue one in March when they are a bucking and put the same into a verie deepe and hollow bason at night afââer Sunne set burie the said bason in the earth vp to the brims that so the Moules ãâã easily tumble into it when they heare the captiue crie in the night time for all such as shall heare her and this kind of cattell is of a verie light hearing comming ââeere to their food they will into the bason one after another and by how many moe goe in by so much will they make the greater noyse not being able to get out againe ââecause the bason within is smooth âleeke and slipperie Some lay garleeke about âheir holes or onions or leekes and these make such a smell as that they either driue âhem away or kill them All maner of Serpents are driuen away with the perfume of Galbanum or of hartsâârne or of the root of lillies or of the horne of a goats claw or of hyssope or brimââââ or pellitorie or an old shooe-sole It is good also to plant in some part of the âardens an Elder-tree or an Ash-tree for the flowres of the Elder-trees by their ââinking smell doe driue away Serpents and the shade of the ashe doth kill them ãâã like sort it fareth with the pomegranat-tree whose shade as we haue said before ââriueth away Serpents It is good likewise to plant some one or other bough of ferne ãâã the garden because the onely smell thereof doth driue them away You shall driue away scorpions if you burne some of them in the place whence ãâã would banish them or if you make a perfume of verjuice mixt with Galbanum ãâã the fat of a goat or if you plant in your garden some little Nut-tree The perfume of Iuie will cause the Reremouse to abstaine flying in your garden Frogges will hold their peace and not crie any more if you set a lanterne with a ãâã light vpon the side of the water or riuer which compasseth the garden If you ãâã in any corner of your garden the gall of a goat all the frogges will gather ãâã and so you may easily kill them CHAP. LXI Of the Honie-Bee the profit rising thereof and of chusing a place to set them in BVt if the greatest part of the profit of a farme depend and hang of ãâã keeping of cattell I dare be bold to affirme that the ãâã thing that can be kept about a Countrie-house is Bees Indeed ãâã is ãâã paâtâes and care to be taken in chusing gathering together holding ãâã watching and keeping of them cleane in their hiues but withall ãâ¦ã great rare and singular a
keepe them still so bare of braunches as that their sap may be imployed wholly in the making of one faire and lustie bodie and stocke and not many afterward pull them vp toward Winter before they haue begun to blossome to transplant and remoue into the nurcerie of stockes To cause them to shoot and put the sooner out of the earth you must steepe their kernells in vvater or milke for the space of two or three daies And you are here to vnderstand that the ãâã of the Mulberrie-tree doth not grow so haââly or bring forth so good fruit as the seed of the Figge-tree For to sow the Elme you must gather his seed before the tree be couered with leaues which is in the beginning of March at such time as it beginneth to be yellow afterward they must be dried two daies in the shadow and after that sowne in a suffâcient firme ground an inch deepe and watered often if there fall no raine The Bay-tree must be sowne a foot deepe in the ground and foure seeds togegâther transplanting and remouing it a yeare after into some other place and in like âase you are to deale with all such like seeds whether they be of Cypres trees Myââââ trees or others CHAP. III. Of plants comming of stones FOr your plants of stonie kernells as of Oliue-trees Cherrie-trees Plum-trees Almond-trees Peach-trees Chesnut-trees Pomegranat-trees if so be that Pomegranat-trees be rather to be reckoned amongst them which haue stone-kernells than amongst the other which haue the soft kernells Abricots and Date-trees you must drie the stones as they come fresh out of their fruits which you meane to set in the ground at such time as the Sunne is not vââie sharpe and in the shadow thereof and see that it haue beene sâeeped in milke or vvater three or foure daies before and then thrust it into the earth But this must not be done but in the beginning of Winter that so they may first breake forth in the Spring for and if you put them into the earth before Winter they may also sprout and put forth before it come and so finding them young and tender when it commeth may preuaile against them to kill them they not being able to resist the rigour and roughââesse of the cold and frosts But and if for your auoyding of ãâã labour you will graât them in their nurcerie that is to say in the place where you first ãâã them and where they haue put forth without remouing of them to any other place then seâ in eueriâ hole three foure or fiue stones and if all of them spring spring vp and take root yet you must let none but the fairest stand and ãâã to graât vpon in the place and as for the rest they would be pulled vp and remoued into some other place In what season soeuer it be that you set your stones yet see to it that the ground be good and digged verie deepe but put much small dung amongst it either alone or mingled with dust gathered out of the high waies and see them three fingers within the earth and halfe a âoot one from another watering them three times euery monâââ especially in Summer when it falleth out drie and weed them once a moneth Especially see they be set in a faire soile and open vpon the Sunne if so be you would ãâã a well-âed and pleasant-tasted fruit for otherwise if you set them in a shadowed place though it be of a good soyle indeed the fruit may be faire to looke to but ãâã ynough to eat When the stones are set and haue taken sooting and are become ãâã what preâily fed pull them vp about Aduent which you mind to transplant and breake off the points of their roots and strip them of all their branches before you set them downe againe in their new appointed standing and know that a double remoue doth make the wild to become free conditioned and better bringing vnto them great aduantage And as concerning particular properties belonging into euerie stone and how it must be set it is to be knowne that grosse Nuts all manner of Peaches wild Figgeâ Almonds Cheânuts small Abricots but especially and most singularly well the branches becommeth free and reclaimed being set of a stone foreseene that they find as good and as faire a soyle as the trees enioy from whence the fruit of the said ãâã were taken The stone of the Peare-Plum-tree must be set in a cold place a foot deepe in the ground the point downeward euerie one a foot from another and this in Nouember in high places and in Ianuarie in low places The stone of the Iuâube tree must be set after the manner and fashion of the stone of the Peare-plum-tree but it is long and slow in growing out of the earth The stone of the plum-tree must be set a fat ground a foot deepe and that in Nouember and Februarie and they are to be remoued the same time of the yeaââ making their holes and pits neither too wide nor too deepe The stones or nuts of the Pine-tree must be set in cold places in Februarie and March or about the fall of the Pine-apple or shortly after in pits well digged and of a good mould the apple may not be broken by violence or with any ãâ¦ã to get out the kernell but you must attend till it be opened and set vpon ãâã And the Pine-nuts must be steeped three daies before you set them and then you must set seuen together Some lay them in little baskets and cut them when they are sprung up They need no remoue but and if you do remoue them you must lookâ in the taking of them vp that you hurt not the chiefe and principall roots Small nuts and plums of all sorts peaches the small and great and great abricâââ in whatsoeuer good ground and pleasant soyle their kernells be set yet they grow not altogether like vnto the fruit of their trees whereof they were gathered and therefore they delight rather to be grafted vpon their young stockes The stone of the Date which bringeth forth the Date-tree must be set the great ãâã downeward two cubiââ deepe in the earth and in a place enriched with Goaâs ãâã and the sharpe side vpward it desireth to be watred daily and that there should ãâã yeare be salt sowne about it and withall it must be remoued The seeds of Limons Citrons Oranges Assyrian Citrons and such like as ãâã bin said in the second Booke must be prickt downe vpon beds well prepared ãâã about the moneth of March the sharpest end downward halfe a âoot ãâã from another and a finger and a halfe deepe in the ground they loue to be much ãâã after when they are growne a foot high remoue them to the foot of some wall opââ vpon the South and in Winter when the time is hoarie couer and fauour thââ in such manner as wee haue
you will remouâ them ãâã they are or plant them out of their nurserie without other manner of grafting them they vvill not faile to bring you good fruit for the taste and eating as also to ãâã Cyder of but the best fruit doth alwaies come by grafting for the fruit comming vpon grafting doth alwaies retaine a better forme and groweth more and more kind and withall much the greater but that which groweth of a kernell doth chaungâ ãâã oft as the tree is changed which beareth it And besides you must note that ãâã all trees which haue a strong fruit grow better of kernels than of boughs yeâ so it ãâã that a late âeed doth bring forth but an ill-fauoured plant especially the said âeed being put besides his familiar and well pleasing ground CHAP. V. Of Plants Siences and Shooââ THe little siences of Cherrie-trees growne thicke with hairie ãâã and those also which grow vp from the roots of the great Cherrie-trees being remoued doe grow better and sooner than vpon stones but then they must be taken away and planted whiles they are young ãâã whiles they be but two or three yeares old for when they are growne thicke they thriue not so well againe if you stay till they be growne groââe in remouing of ãâã you must then âop them and strip them cleane of their braunches setting their great end in the earth the depth of a foot and after treading downe the earth and pricking downe withall at the foot of euerie plant a little stake to hold them fast and to let the vvinds and vvhatsoeuer other thing from harming them But especially you must see that you cut not siânces at any other time than in Winter for that moisture and coolenesse during the time of Winter especially is a meanes to conserue and keepe them and thereupon also they grow and bring forth their fruit the better afterward The Mulberrie tree groweth after the same manner of little âiences although the best way of planting it be by taking a twigge thereof from the great branches which are cut from the old tree of the length of a foot and setting it good and deepe in the ground and that in such sort as that the ground may couer it three or foure fingers and this done you must see that in Sommer it be watered diligently Fââberts in like manner doe grow of smal shoots which grow forth of the roots of good Filbere-trees that are well rooted these âiences must not haue their braunches cut off when they are remoued except they be growne great and ful of branches but three yeares after that they are remoued if they doe not prosper and grow faire you must cut them close by the ground and they will put forth a bush of streight siences verie smooth and neat and of these you may chuse whether you will suffer the fairest onely or all together to grow vp and continue The siences of the Oliue-tree which you intend to transplant must be long and faire ones and full of grosse and thicke moisture so as that they may be taken and grasped in the hand and the barke thereby nothing hurt They must be drawne ouer with dung mixt with ashes the head and the foot and after laid in the earth as they vvere vpon the Tree the lower end more downeward and into the earth and the higher end more vpward and looking into the aire for else they will not take at all and this must be a generall obseruation in transplanting of all manner of siences The siences of a vvell stringed root of a good plum-tree not grafted doe yeeld being transplanted a fruit no vvhit inferiour vnto that of the chiefe and principall plum-trees from which you haue âaken them But and if the old plum-trees be grafted you must also take grafts and graft them in other plum trees or wild cherrie-trees or vpon âoure Cherrie-Trees and not to vngraât siences to transplant them Garden plummes and hartlike cherries doe not grow naturally being planted of siences but desire rather to be grafted of grafts CHAP. VI. Of pricking downe or fastening in the earth of small or great braunches SPrigs or plants taken from boughs or branches doe grow more speedily and come to better perfection than the âeed of kernels or the setting of stones especially if it be put a little besides his owne ground and soylie and of this sort are âig-trees quince-trees and pomâgranât-trees When a man is disposed to pricke downe some small sprig of a Mulberrie Figge Quince Cornell Pomegranat and Plum-tree or many sprigs of all these kinds and their diuers sorts he must cut them off betwixt the first of Nouember and the later end of December or a little after and he must see that these his sprigs be faire and well fauoured ones hauing a sound barke full of little eyes and as thicke as a sticke or thicker He must chuse such as be streight and full of moysture consisting of one onely rodd and of young vvood as of some three or foure yeares old and that they haue also as much old vvood as they haue young and they must be sharpened like a stake for the value of the length of halfe a foot but the bare must be left on vpon one side that their end which you meane to put into the ground must be writhen and steept in vvater or else you must cleaue it a little in quarters and make it stand vvide open and gape vvith a beane in the cleft or else some ãâã little small stone put in the middest thereof and so pricke it downe in the earth a foot dââpe or else let it in a little-boxe of pease full of water and so put them all into the ground together The braunches must be gathered vpon a tree that is a good handfull thicke and hath borne fruit they must likewise be verie âound and they may be watered with a pipe which goeth downe vnto the root Obserue and marke ãâã the place nature of the soyle and aspect or scituation of the tree from whence you haue gathered the branch to pricke it downe on the same side the like soyle and the same scituation and lay vpon it some Elder-tree if so be that you would not haue it ãâã shoot vp into a tall tree but to continue alwaies low the braunches being such they will take the better and not breake in the gathering To plant the Figge-tree after the manner of the Genowais which shall beare fruit within three yeares after and it may be thus planted all Sommer time there must be taken a Figge-tree branch that hath borne fruit two or three yeares and that ãâã hauing leaues and fruit vpon it or not it must be sharpened and cut biace and pâicked thicke about that end which shall be set into the ground and afterward planted in a pit halfe a foot deepe in such sort as that the top of it may abide aboue the ground with
the later end of the Moone and then they will beare their fruits as others doe Notwithstanding this limiting and bounding of the time of the Moone is not of such warrantiâe but that the tree may be as profitable at all other times of the Moone as well as either then or else in the encrease and new of the Moone Some plant in Ianuarie the plants that haue the shanke or foot of their shoots âut by as as also the plant that is set of stones and in a well tempered place but in a warme place men are wont to plant in the moneths of October Nouember and December Trees that haue a grosse thicke root are planted in October Nouember and December but the shoots or little branches are planted in March when they are in sappe Trees that haue a great pith as Figge-trees naturalized Mulberrie-trees Hazell and such like are planted without anie root from after mid September vnto the beginning of Nouember but other trees which you would plant with roots must be planted about the beginning of December or verie shortly after Grosse trees are transplanted from one place into another in the moneth of Nouember and they must be freed from Snailes and lopt and cropt before they be transplanted for so they take the better and put forth their siences verie powerfully and if in taking of them vp or transporting of them it happen that the barke of their roots be broken you must draw the pilled and vncouered place ouer with good dung or earth before that you put it into the ground againe and stirre vp the earth verie well round about where you intend to let them downe againe to the end that their roots may spread and seat themselues to their good contentment without being pinched or straitâned Some doe remoue from after the beginning of Nouember vntill March when the trees begin to enter into their sappe for the sappe once drawing vp aloft doth forbid all remouing of the tree and therefore in such case the sooner the better that is so say if presently after the leaues be fallen which is in the beginning of Winter you goe about it but in waterie places it is good to stay till Ianuarie and Februarie but nothing must be done this way when it raineth or when the earth is wet for it would so harden vpon the drying as that the roots would be oppressed and choaked The young grafts which you haue grafted in the stocke-Nurcerie or elsewhere must be remoued as soone as the grafts shall haue closed vp the cleft of the plant as some are of opinion but yet this is hazarded ware the graft hauing not as yet taken almost anie disposition or good liking of the sappe of the plant which being thus againe remoued it halfe aâtonished and put out of the high way of his well-pleasing nourishment and so beginneth to wither when it commeth to take a cast of his new dishes and prouision but and if you stay till the graft haue put forth a faire branch before you remoue the graft you shall shunne the danger that might otherwise ensue You must plant your trees againe as soone as you haue taken them vp if no other weightie matter let you but if you be put off from doing it either because it is brought you from farre or vpon some other occasion you must so soone as they be taken vp couer their roots with the earth from whence they were taken new leaues and slraw that so the raine may not wash them and make them afterward to ãâã when they become drie againe and to the end also that the ayre and breath ãâã of the wind or of the Sunne or yet of the Moone may not drie them and ãâã the moisture which keepeth their roots in good hearr and fit to grow ãâ¦ã things being verie hurtfull but the raine the worâe of the two Sowre Cherrie-trees cannot abide to be remoued for being transplanted they will hardly put forth anie siences especially if they haue their chiefe and principall root maimed Before you remoue great trees you must loppe off their boughes verie diligeraly at hath beene said but as for little ones you need not crop them to take off ãâã of their heads neither yet to take anie of their boughes from them if they haue ãâã too bushie a head If you desire to know a reason wherefore it is thus If you ãâã the head and toppes vpon trees when they are growne somewhat great and thicke they will still be lending of their sappe vpward not looking to the feeding of the roots for that the ayre attracteth the nourishment of plants as may easily be proued by example when there groweth anie small tree vnder one that is verie great for there the small tree will not thriue so well as if it were abroad in the ayre and ãâã vnder the shadow and so that which hath his head cut off will take root sooner than and if it were whole and vntouched But if the tree which you remoue exceed not the thicknesse of a great ynch you shall let it remaine whole because young plants take root more easily than those which are old and the reason is openly knowne If the rootes of the trees which you would remoue be much longer than is needfull you may take off the ends thereof in setting them downâ againe and that so much as may fit best for the hole wherein you meane to set them for so by this meane they will not be stopped vp of the sides of the hole but will amast and draw moisture out of the earth for the nourishment of the tree a great deale more aboundantly When you remoue anie tree you must lay his rootes round about with ãâã earth and take heed that the weedie earth which you haue digged or cut away ãâ¦ã pit whither you meane to remoue it doe not fall in amongst the roots for it would put them in danger to be ouer-heated or else that they growing vp againe might diminish the nourishment of the tree If it happen that the earth which you ãâã taken out of the pit be full of wormes which might hurt the rootes then ãâã therewith some lee and ashes When the rootes haue taken foot trample downe the ground as hard as may be or else beat it with a Pauiers beetle watering it afterward if it be drie or else not CHAP. XX. Of the place and soile for Trees in generall THe principall point in growing of Trees is to prouide them of ãâã ayre and earth because that these doe cheere and season theâ and are the proper subiect of their nourishment And as concerning the earth that is recommended into vs as to be had in regard and looked vnto more than anie thing else as that it be such as is verie murlie temperate in cold and heat and of a meane and middle sort of moisture and fatnesse for such ground as exceedeth in anie one of these things is not so fit for anie Fruit-tree This
vpon the blacke and that chiefely and principally after the pipe or flute-like fashion in what manner soeuer you graft them the grafts must be chosen of a good thicknesse and from such Mulberrie-trees as beare fruits full of good seed and kernells It would be but labour lost to sow them vpon kernells in the nurcerie in this cold Countrie for besides that but a few Mulberries haue seed yet those which haue doe bring forth neither tree nor fruit almost that is any thing worth But whatsoeuer it is or in what place soeuer you plant graft of sow them let it be farre from houses to the end that the infinite number of flies which flocke thicker when the fruit is ripe may not become tedious to the inhabitants but yet let it be in such a place as that the hennes may eat them when they fill downe because this victuall doth fat and feed them verie mightily It buddeth the last of all Trees as we haue said but for a recompence it becommeth ripe by and by The mulberrie-tree hath alwaies beene of great request and great profit in countries where cloth of silke is made as at Luckes Geynes Almerie Granado Auignion and afterward at Tours and other places because the small wormes making silke are brought vp and nourished of the leaues of this tree which for the same purpose are carefully sought of them which doe make account to draw silke into a fleece whereupon it is come to passe that there are to be seene in many places about the said townes of great Mulberrie-trees as it were little wings of forests the said Mulberrie-trees being planted after a just and due proportion and leuell of line and most exquisitely maintained and looked vnto by them which owe them for from hence they reape large summes of money selling the leaues yearely for the purpose before spoken of for as for the fruit they make no great purchase of it because the Mulberrie-tree will not be robbed of his leaues for so it would come to passe that it should not bring forth fruit of the value of three halfe pence The wood of the Mulberrie-tree is good to make chests forkes and compasses of and such other workes as must yeeld and be pliant it is also good about ships and boats Mulberries must be eaten before all other meats and that without bread or else but with a verie little because if they be mixt with other victualls they doe but cause them to corrupt it is true that they coole and moisten verie much and doe also loosen the bellie Mulberries put into a glasse vessell well stopt and couered with their juice may be kept a long time The juice of Mulberries halfe ripe mingled with honie of roses is a singular remedie for the inflammations of the mouth and throat as also for the puârified teeth and exulcecrated gums CHAP. XXXII Of the timely Peach-tree BVt now to speake of the timely Peach-tree it beareth a verie small fruit but earlier than other Peach-trees doe and hauing his name thereupon it is of a verie good relish and no way harmefull in euerie thing else it is like vnto the other Peach-tree both the one and the other delighting in cold grounds and open vpon the wind they likewise craue no other manuring than that of their owne leaues and content themselues to be planted three or foure fingers deepe in the ground but and if they lye verie much open to the force of the wind they require either to haue some wall or else some other trees to stand in the forefront betwixt them and the wind to breake it off The timely peach craueth such a ground as the Plum-tree and groweth either of the stone or of a plant It is to be planted in October or Nâuember or else in Ianuarie or in Februarie It may be grafted verie vvell vpon it selfe or vpon the plum-tree peach-plum-tree and almond-tree and in drie times it must be oftentimes watered and digged it craueth the like husbanding and ordering that the other peach-tree doth See more aboue in the Chapter of the Peach-tree If you fill vp a great companie of the new leaues of the timely Peach-tree or common Peach-tree into a glasâe viole or earthen pot and after stop it and ãâã it well so as that no moisture can get into it and so set it a foot or two within the ground neere vnto some brooke or else in a heape of horse-dung for the space of a moneth and after straine out the said leaues with a presse you shall draw a singâlar oyle to temper the rage of agues annointing the wrest of either arme the temples and backe bone of him that hath the ague therewith before the fit take him CHAP. XXXIII Of the Walnut-tree AS for the Walnut-tree it is a tree verie common and sufficiently knowne in all parts so called by reason of the annoyance that it worketh others which are neere vnto it as also the places where it is planted men yea and the verie beasts in so much as that it is proued by experience that if a man doe sleepe vnder it at his awaking he shall find a great heauinesse in his head and withall become so light and giddie as that he will not be able to stirre yea the shadow thereof is so malignant as that no good thing can grow vnder it and the roots as well as the shadow stretching and spreading themselues farre doe hinder and trouble all the ground where the same tree is seated and planted so that it must not be planted in arable ground but especially not in fat and fertile ground but rather vpon the North quarter by the high way sides or elsewhere so that there be no other fruit-trees by to take harme by it This tree is for many causes to be gotten of the husbandman in as much as it needeth no great dressing or prouision for the maintenance of it it suffereth and beareth injuries of those which oppresse it and yet neuerthelesse extendeth and yeeldeth his fruit in liberall sort euen with it owne losse it prospereth both aboue and vnder the earth and there is neither leafe fruit shell or gristle betwixt the kernell but there may profit and commoditie be raised of it both night and day as shall be declared in euerie of his particular properties It especially delighteth in a fat mouldrie light and in a word in a good corne ground the husbandman likewise delighteth in such a ground but the Walnut-tree refuseth no kind of ayre or ground for it can verie well endure to beare and suffer much For the planting of it you must make choyce of such walnuts and trees as beare aboundance of fruit hauing thin shells and a vvhite full and thicke kernell And to make it grow you may digge the nut into the earth the pointed end downeward or else plant it of the shoots that are faire growne and that in Nouember and throughout all December in hot countries but in Februarie
drieth vp the euill iuice of the earth of the said hole in the same manner as the Sunne should haue done by little and little all the yeare long Some would that it being prickt downe of a branch it should not be set in so fat a ground because the oyle would not be so excellent as and if it were planted in a ground betwixt fat and leane and that not without apparance of truth But whether it be planted in the one or the other it wil be husbanded euerie yeare for the space of a great circle round about the foot for indeed he that tilleth and dresseth his Oliue ground yearely doth a great deale better than he that doth not In anie case it would not haue the rootes scanted of libertie but to spread and lie at large And if you bestow any manure vpon it being the thing it loueth well then bestow vpon it Goats or Horse dung well rotted and that after you haue digged it about the foot to the end that the dung may mingle well with the earth so digged After you haue once set it remoue it not thence for the space of foure or fiue yeares neither then must you dare to be so bold if that it haue not gotten a stocke as thicke as a mans arme and taking it vp take vp therewithall the greene turfe of the ground where it stood and whereunto his roots sticke fast and when you set it downe giue it the like situation for coast and quarter that it had before You may graft it vpon it selfe and it will beare more thicke and kinder fruit or elâe vpon the wild Oliue but then the profit is not like as when it is grafted vpon the garden and âame one The Italians graft it vpon the Vine boring the Vine-stocke neere vnto the earth and putting into this bored hole a small Oliue branch that so it may take neere at hand and at the first offer both the nourishment and vinie qualitie of the stocke of the said Vine along the which must be set a stake or thicke prop to helpe it to beare vp the weight and burden of the graft when it is great and these Oliues will tast both of the one and of the other and become as it vvere vined Oliues Such a proofe is not to be misliked in as much as the variablenesse of nature is shewed thereby which is content to suffer her selfe to be drawne to bring forth a mungrell fruit or second hermaphrodite by the coupling together of two natures in one but the end of such experiments turne not to profit neither for the preseruing of the Oliue nor for the drawing of oyle Omphacine nor yet any other for vvhich ends God ordayned and gaue vs the Oliue-trees And to speake the truth the mingling of kinds and differing rootes of Trees if it be not according to and jumping with the naturall vertues of them both and according to an agreement in some good measure of perfection and yet furthermore well and throughly allowed and approued by reason becommeth rather a monstrous birth and an inforcement of nature than any profitable impe either for the health of man or for the sauing and sparing of it selfe Hereof are sufficient vvitnesses I know not how many sorts of Apples Peares and Cherries this iumbled together by offering force vnto nature without judgement or reason and but that they become somewhat admirable vnto the eye they yeeld no profit vnto the bodie of any man more than to draine his purse drie except there be aduised judgement in making choyce of that thing and way which may be both for the aduauncement of the yearely profits of his ground and for the good preseruation of his health But leauing off these discourses let vs returne againe to the Oliue-tree which hath both more beautie in it selfe and more profit for the maister if it be contayned in a reasonable staâââe for height and spread it selfe abroad than and if it should shoot vp and become verie long and tall For if it exceed the height of ten foot and a little more it is abated and hindered in the putting forth of so many blossomes as it would and hath his boughes crushed in peeces which grow vp at that pitch when the wind bloweth strong and thereupon also it casteth his fruit in vntimely sort euen when it is verie full For this cause in many places there are some found which perforce doe turne downeward such boughes as grow so high not regarding their standing out like bosses and bunches prouided that they be low and lurkingly couched because that being so trussed vp they are free from stormes and tempests and abound the more in fruit and if yet the Oliue-tree would be climing higher then you must cut off such aspiring boughes or braunches and this must be done after the gathering of the Oliues is past It is true that the Oliue-tree must be eight yeare old before you reforme it in the boughes growing ouer high by cutting them off with a saw but as for the shootes putting forth at the foot and along the stocke you must not refuse the cutting of them off how young soeuer they be The profit comming both of the one and the other is that it aboundeth more in fruit and this is the cause why some commonly say That hee that husbandeth and ordereth it with care and taking of paines about it helpeth it forward in the bringing forth of his fruit as also he which manureth it as it earnestly craueth but he that cutteth downe some boughs off from it compelleth it by all manner to meanes to become fruitfull seeing the nature of the Oliue-tree is such as Quintilian saith as that it being cut off and made bare of boughs and high mounting tops it spreadeth rounder and broader and putting forth moe boughs doth also beare the more fruit because the propertie of the Oliue-tree is to be ranke either in boughs or in fruit It happeneth sometime to the Oliue-tree that it bringeth forth but one onely bough exceeding all other in beautie and height when this falleth out it must be cut off without delay for this is a signe that the tree in space and time will conuey all his whole workemanship that way and will leaue nothing for anie thing else and vpon this will barrennesse come in the end And whereas the Oliue-tree craueth to be left bare and thinne of boughes and then beareth more fruit yet if the boughes be stricken downe with poles when the Oliues are beaten downe it groweth much worse and goeth backward forsaking and forâlowing his former fruitfulnesse So that hereupon you see that in gathering of Oliues you may not beat them downe with poles but rather you must haue ladders borne vp vpon a Goats foot to lift you as high as that you may gather the Oliues with your hand There are some Countries where the Oliue-trees doe rest and giue ouer bearing for one yeare after that they haue borne and then
propagate the Winter following in the said âoneth of March at which time the sappe draweth vp vnto the barke if so be that you desire to haue great store It taketh also of a branch foreseene that it be set in a fat and blacke earth which is moist The time to set it of root plant or branch is either in Autumne or in the Spring It is sowne in the same seasons a foot vnder ground and foure berries together and when one yeare is past you must plant it where you will haue it abide In anie case you may not sow it or plant it neere vnto anie of the Lattice-worke or climbing and running frames made for the Vine much lesse neere vnto the plant it selfe because that the Bay-tree is altogether enemie vnto the Vine as well in respect of his shadow as of his heat which draweth away all meanes of growth from the Vine Looke in the second Booke The leaues of the Bay-tree doe preserue keepe vncorrupt and make faster the Fish that is fryed especially that which is fryed in oyle laying them by beds one vpon another They performe in like manner the same good vnto dried Figges Damaske or Frayle Raisins if you strew of them amongst the said Raisins in the Frayle You must obserue as well in the leaues of the Bay-tree as in those of the Iuniper and Elme-tree that they being cast into the fire doe presently crackle and that the cause of this is for that they take fire before their superfluous and raw moisture be consumed and spent The leaues of the Bay-tree dried and rubbed one against another if there be put betwixt them a little powder of Brimstone doe cast out sparkles of fire as doth the steele and the stone in like manner doe Iuie leaâes The boughs of Bay-tree stucke downe in arable ground doe keepe the Corne from mildew and blasting Some arâ of opinion that tempests and lightning will turne away from those houses and places where there are hanging anie Bay-tree boughs wherher it be at the chamber floores or else at the doores or windowes The tender crops of the Bay-tree boyled with flowers of Lauander in wine doe heale hardnesse of hearing and noyses in the eares if the vapour be taken thereat with a funnell The Vuula being fallen is againe restored to his place if you lay the âayes of the Laurell-tree verie hot vnto the top of the crowne of the head with equall weight of Cummin Hyssope Organie and Euforbium mixt together with honey The bayes of Laurell powned with Wheat-bran Iuniper-berries and Garâicke heated in a hot frying-panne sprinkled with wine and laid to the flankes doe prouoke the retained vrine If women with child and neere their accompts doe eat euerie night going to bed seuen Laurell bayes or Bay-berries they shall haue a more easie traâaile and deliuerie CHAP. XLIIII What space must be left betwixt Fruit-trees when they are remoued THat you may fitly appoint the standings of trees and their distances one from another in respect of the trees themselues compared one with another you must first consider the height fulnesse of the leaues and boughes and spreading of the same according as euerie sort of tree doth ordinarily grow and attaine vnto and besides the ordinarie how by place affoording aboundance of nourishment the tree may exceed and surpasse it selfe in height and breadth for that fruit-trees would not be encombred aboue head or ouer his top but would haue the breathing and blowing of certaine winds at libertie and with sufficient space fauourably to light vpon them and withall the fruition and benefit of the Sunne in all which points the vnequall proportion of one tree vnto another in height or breadth doth offer let and hinderance And yet further if they would haue their waggings and plyings to and fro to be free that so they may play ãâã libertie when the wind tosseth them how greatly should the exceeding greatnesse of the neighbour trees disturbe and trouble one another if care and aduise be not takeâ in the first planting of them And therefore you must haue regard and cast an eye about you for this cause that so you may well and profitably appoint out your distances and spaces betwixt one and another for in good and fat grounds where trees may grow much you must allow more space than elsewhere And further you must note that one tree planted well at libertie whatsoeuer the place be of it selfe doth fructifie and beare a great deale more If you mind to plant thicke and grosse trees all on a row and vpon high waies and against the hedges of fields then you must leaue them some fiue and thiââe foot distant one from another but and if you intend to plant manie rowes in one and the same place then you must be sure to leaue fiue and fortie foot space betwixt euerie two and as much betwixt one ranke and another that so the boughes of each tree may the more freely spread themselues every way vpon their emptie and vacant sides As for Peare-trees Apple-trees and others of that bignesse if you plant onely one row by the sides of your field-hedges or elsewhere it will be ynough to allow twentie feet betwixt one and another but and if you set two rowes vpon the hedge of your Garden allies then you must allow them some fiue and twentie feet betwixt one and another euerie way square in such sort as that as well the alley as the spacâ betwixt euerie two trees on either side may make a perfect square of fiue and twentie feet in euerie line and if the distance allowed them be of lesse quantitie then it must be somewhat answered and helped by not planting of them euerie one right ouer one against another but as if you should wrap and lay them vp one within another to let the full and planted place of the one side stand ouer-against the void and emptie of the other Some would that there should some small trees bâ planted amongst those great trees which you thus set about the alleyes for the times whiles they are in growth but this would not doe well if either they should be suffered to continue there alwaies because it would breake the rule and precept deliuered before couching such course neither yet if they should be taken vp afterwards and the reason thereof is because they draw away and eat vp the iuice and nourishment of the earth vvhich should wholly bee imployed in growing and furthering of those which are intended for the inclosing and defending of the alleyes If you should goe about to plant a whole Field or quarter of your Garden with great fruit-trees such as before named you must then set them checkerwise and allow them betwixt twentie and thirtie foot of distance the one from the other euerie way that is to say from tree to tree and from row to row Plum-trees and other trees bearing stone-fruit and being of the like size of bignesâe will not
your hand then reach vp and take them vpon the siences with your other hand For Snailes and Ants lay ashes or saw-dust of wood or the meale of lupines at the foot of the trees and when the raine hath fallen vpon it stir it vp againe and put also new vpon it otherwise set certaine small vessells full of water at the foot of your trees or else powre lees of wine round about them When a tree letteth fall his fruit you must compasse his stocke about with Iuorie as it were with a crowne or else with a plate of lead or which is best you must vncouer the roots of the tree and pieâce them and put into the hole the wedge made of the wood of a ceruise tree To hinder the rust from hurâing of your trees you must smoke them with straw in the Spring time and that round about When a tree looseth his flower or that the leaues doe fall from it you must vncouer the roots and lay beane straw wet in water round about them The best is to looke to Caterpillers in the time of Winter before that the trees be leaued and if you find any remnant or remainder of them behind or their pallaces or round gathered bunches take them away with your Caterpiller crookes made for the purpose before they be hatched Cut not the wood when you cannot come by them with your hand or as little as can be and cleanse you trees well and throughly in euerie place that so there remaine not any egges then looke vnderneath at the feet of your trees and see that there be no young ones which can spin and haue betaken themselues thither and setled themselues betwixt the siences and the rootes If there remaine any clewes or round bottomes of them in the spring or that some blasting or small raine hath bred some young ones then marke at the height of the day their repaââe in which place you shall see them together vpon heapes whether it be vpon the armes of the tree or vpon the branches from which you must either with old clothes or else with some large and great leaues held in your hand beat thâm and kill them euerie one weighing hard vpon them with both your hands and oftentimes haue recourse thither and spie if you haue not let some of them âall vnto thâ ground but beware there spârt nothing from them in your face and to the end they may not breed anie more you shall tie and make fast the branches of the Sallow about the foot These branches will serue likewise to make this vermine fall downe starke dead There breedeth likewise a little worme which the inhabitants of Bouâdeaux call Quayre betwixt the wood and the barke which eateth trees in such sort as that it cauâeth them die These you must kill with an yron wyre probing for them on euerie side of the tree When a tree beareth too much it must after that it hath beene vncouered at the roots haue diuers of them so they be not of the principall clouen and the water that is within them let out if there be anie at all in them and this will be as good for them or better than letting of bloud is for a man for by this medicine the life of the tree is renewed The sicknesse of the barke of the tree commeth of the moisture of the place where the branch is planted and likewise on the contrarie trees become âame when they be planted in too drie a place To keepe tame young trees in the kernell Nurserie and to cause thâm to thriue the better they ãâã be couered a mans height with stubble or with straw but the couering must be borne up with poles layd long and crosse-wise To hasten and helpe forward a tree in his bringing forth of fruit which is long before it beare anie thing you must make a hole with a wimble in the thickest branch of his root without boring of it through and in the hole which you haue made put a staffe and stop it vp with wax afterward couer the foot ouer againe and the tree will beare the yeare following As concerning trees that haue beene lately planted and begin to wither away if you cause them to be digged and watered you shall much helpe them and withall they must be kept from heat in prouiding something which may make them shadow and against the cold they must be couered with straw Swines dung will kill wormes as also mens vrine put in the hole where the wormes are and quicke-lime in like sort but and if the barke be hurt then let it be clouen in manie places and likewise in the foot of the tree a little in such sort as that the humor may runne out The moisture oft times will cause wormes to breed in fruits that haue kernels and therefore at such time you must pierce the tree with a wimble and that throughout if you doe well and as neere the root as is possible to the end that the humors breeding the wormes may pasâe away It Apples or any other such fruit fall from the tree cleaue the root and put in the cleft a great stone or a wedge of vvood It fruits grow vpward wash the foot of the Tree with Purcelaine water or vinegar or powre about it less of vvine or take two parts of Oyle-oliue and one part of blacke pitch mingle them together afterward annoint thâm or put ashes to the foot of the tree or âlse some vessell full of water about it or some hoope cut and annoynted with Petroleum or a little cord drest ouer with swines bloud wherewith quick-siluer hath beene mixt To kill Ants from about a tree you must vncouer the earth about the tree and put in place some chimney soot and that a reasonable quantitie Take also of the saw-dust of the Oake and lay good store of it at the foot of the Tree and the raine when it falleth will either cause them to depart or else they will die as for other accidents which may annoy and hurt trees as haile fogges or mists flies frogges and such other inconueniences see in the second Booke and the sixtieth Chapter CHAP. XLVIII To keepe and preserue the fruit of Trees to be taken and eaten in their due time and season and out of it ALl such skill as man is to haue resteth not alone in the well ordering of the Fruit-tree and carefull maintaining of it but the must know withall the keeping and preseruing of the fruit either to sell it when the time is good and fit or else for vse of his houshold and familie especially in places where the most delicate and daintie fruits doe grow as in the countrie of Touraine which for this and such other considerations is called the garden of France wherefore we will intreat briefely of the manner of keeping of fruits and we wil begin with the Almond Almonps are
husbanded in the earth would notwithstanding yet neuer abide idle or without doing something It is true that the couch-grasse and that which is called rest-harrow make shew to be more standing tenants than veruaine or male knot-grasse for they will not away except the plow and culture their tyrannous commaunders doe come To conclude these later hearbes being cut and rooted out by oft and deepe plowing must afterward especially the thistles be thwacked and beaten small before the first raine that so there may nothing of them yea no more than of an Adder remaine aliue to breed or increase any thing againe for their nature is so soone as they receiue a little moisture to fasten and claspe themselues so close to the slime of the earth as that they vvill thereby againe so enter new possession that within a short time after they vvill become strong ynough to strangle their mother Let vs therefore conclude that the earings of the arable ground are to cleanse it from stones and vveeds to manure it to spread and cast abroad the dung or marle to plow it after the manner of the first earing to âurrow or ditch it to clod it vvith a roller or board to couer it then after some time vvhen the raine hath fallen vpon it to plow it for the second earing which of auncient men is called stirring of it and this cannot be done without laying it in furrowes and the third earing is to plow it for seed time to sow harrow and pull vp vveedes vvhich by aboundance of raine and too much rankenesse of the earth doe ouergrow and enter commons with the new âhot corne And lastly to mow and lay it bare and naked to sheare or cut it downe to sheaue it and to gather it in And albeit I here stand much vpon the cleansing of grounds from stones which is a verie good husbandrie and for which by a generall consent whole lordships and towneships will joyne together and make as they terme them in diuers countries common daies for common works yet you must vnderstand that all soyles are not to be cleansed from stones but only the clayes and sands which haue no generall mixture with stones but as one would say here a stone and there a stone scattered seuerally and not mixt vniuersally for where the earth and the stones are of one equall mixture not abounding more in the one than the other there to take away the stones were to impouerish the ground and make it bare and vndesensible both against the wind heat and cold as thus vvhere stones are mixed equally vvith light sands there they keepe the sand firme about the rootes of the Corne vvhich should they be taken away the vvind vvould blow the sand away from the corne and leaue it drie and bare by vvhich meanes it vvould neuer sprout or in those hillie countries where the reflection of the Sunne is verie hot and the earth light if the stones being generally mixt should be taken away that violent heat vvould so scortch and burne the corne that it vvould seldome or neuer sprout or neuer prosper and againe where the countrie is most cold and most subject to the bitternesse of frosts there this equall mixture of stones taking a heat from the Sunne giues such a warmth to the corne that it prospereth a great deale better and sooner than otherwise it would for vvhich cause stones are many times held amongst Husbandmen to be an excellent manure for arable land so that I conclude though in ãâã earthes they are most sit to be cleansed away yet in light soyle they may verie well be suffered as is to be seene in the Southerly parts of France and the Westerly parts of great Brittaine CHAP. V. The Plow mans instruments and tooles THe carefull and diligent plow-man long time before he be to begin to eare his ground shall take good heed and see that all his tooles and implements for to be vsed in plowing time be readie and vvell appointed that so he may haue them for his vse vvhen need shall be as namely a waggon or two according to the greatnesse of the farme and those of a reasonable good bigge size and handsome to handle vvell furnished vvith wheeles vvhich must be finely bound and nayled and of a good height but more behind than before one or two carres vvhich may be made longer or shorter according as the matter vvhich shall be layed vpon them shall require one light and swift cart the bodie layed vvith plankes and sufficient strong to beare corne vvine vvood stones and other matters that are of great vveight a plow furnished vvith a sharpe culture and other parts tumbrills to carrie his dung out into his grounds wheele-barrowes and dung-pots to lade and carrie out dung in strong and stout forkes to load and lay vpon heapes the corne-sheaues pick-axes to breake small the thicke clods the roller to breake the little clods rakes pick-axes and mattockes or other instruments to plucke vp vveeds that are strong and vnprofitable harrowes and rakes with yron or woodden teeth to couer the seed with earth sickles to sheare or cut downe haruest flailes to thresh the corne fannes and sieues to make cleane the good corne and to separate it from the chaffe dust and other filth And because the plow is of all instruments belonging to the arable field the principallest and varieth the oftest according to the variation of climats I vvill here giue you a little touch of the seuerall plows for euerie seuerall soyle and first to speake of the composition of plows it consisteth vpon the beame the skeath the head the hales the spindles the rest the shelboard the plow-foot the culture and the share then the slipe to keepe the plow from wearing and the arker-staffe to cleanse the plow when it shall be loaden vvith earth or other vild matter The plow vvhich is most proper for the stiffe blacke clay would be long large and broad vvith a deepe head and a square shelboard so as it may turne vp a great furrow the culture vvould be long and little or nothing bending and the share would haue a verie large wing as for the foot it vvould be long and broad so set as it may giue vvay to a-great furrow The plow for the vvhite blew or gray clay vvould not be so large as that for the blacke clay onely it vvould be somewhat broader in the britch it hath most commonly but one hale and that belonging to the left hand yet it may haue two at your pleasure the culture vvould be long and bending and the share narrow vvith a vving comming vp to arme and defend the shelboard from vvearing The plow for the red sand would be lesse than any before spoken of more light and more nimble the culture would be made circular or much bending like that for the white clay yet much thinner and the share vvould be made as it were with a halfe vving
it may become fruitfull BVt all grounds vvhich are appointed for seed or corne ground whether they be such as are new broken vp or such as haue oftentimes alreadie borne corne must be enriched and repaired by manure in the beginning of Winter about the eighteeenth of Nouember or the beginning of December vvith Sheepes dung that is three yeares old or else vvith Cow and Horse-dung mingled together for the helping of it to a temperate heat or vvith other manure such as the soyle affoords or the Farmers yard can breed and yet although I speake thus of Nouember and December being a time much vsed vvith vs in France where the vvaies are faire the journey little and the labour easie yet you shall know that you may leade your manure either in the Spring or in Sommer at all such vacant seasons vvhen you cannot follow more necessarie labour at when by vvet or other vveather you cannot lead your hay or corne then you may lead your manure for albeit husbandmen hold that the later you lead your manure the better yet it is not good to driue so long for feare of preuention but to take anie fit time or leisure that is offered you through the whole yeare The dung is to be laid on in hills little lumpes or heapes and that along as you meane to cast vp your furrowes in plowing and after to spread it in his season whether it be rotten dung or marle And it shall chiefely be done in Winter that so the raine and snow dropping and falling downe vpon it it may be ouârcome and caused to reâânt The vnskilfull and bad husbandman spreadeth it all hot but he lacketh not a faire forrest of weedes as reward of his hastie paines for dung being thus at the first sowne and spread though it be ouercome afterward notwithstanding see what weedes it hath receiued from the beasts houses as being there scattered it yeeldeth for his first fruits backe againe vpon the land and therewithall impaireth much the first crop of corne that shall follow after howsoeuer others following may proue more naturall and plentifull by it and further hindereth both the ground and hinds in âheir working And this is the cause why the inhabitants of Solongâe and Beaux the bâst husbandmen cause their Rosemarie to be rotted in Summer and made manure of in Autumne and yet manie times not hasting but deferring the vse for a longer time Furthermore they continue and hold it from father to sonne as a receiued veritie That nothing is more deare and precious than dung taken in his season for the enriching of ground Some take dung as it were hot and halfe rotten at the end of their field but that doth much harme because such dung not being ouercome of the snow raine and other helpes of the heauens but remaining crude or raw doth likewise ramaine vnprofitable especially the first yeare doing nothing it selfe and keeping the better fruit from profiting and comming on as it would though the second yeare it may helpe well and hinder nothing It is true that if you would enrich a poore field that it is better done by the dung newly gathered out of the beasts houses than with such as is old and it would bee spread in the new of the Moone a little before the seed be sowne prouided yet that it be then plowed and turned vnder the earth They seeme vnto me not to doe worst who hauing gathered their corne in August or September and cut it somewhat high doe burne the stubble and other weedes which are in the fields whereby they make a manner of dunging of it by the helpe of raine falling thereupon This standeth in stead of the first sort of enriching of their ground especially in barren and sandie grounds and such as stand vpon a cold moistish clay or such as haue a strong new broken vp ground True it is that they doe not this yearely because of their need to couer their houses and of hauing litter for their beasts And yet those may seeme vnto me to be lesse deceiued who hauing left their stubble long and high in the shearing and cutting of it downe doe presently thereupon bestow an earing vpon such ground and so vnderturne the said stubble and weedes there to let them rot with the Winter raine There is nothing so good as the first manuring and dunging of the ground which if it be neglected it will not recouer it for two yeares space againe so that for âuch space he shall gather nothing but Rye in stead of Wheat and Fetches for Oates and wild Fetâhes for kind and naturall ones It is true that the first is not sufficient of it selfe for to dung and enrich the earth sufficiently and to make fruitfull those that are barren and leane but there must be other meanes vsed for to effect such a worke and amongst them all that seemeth vnto me the principall which is the letting of the field to lye a yeare or two vnoccupied not ceasing the while to husband it both Winter and Summer as also the first time when you would haue it beare to sow it with Lupines or rather with Pease prouided that the ground be not ouer-cold for then it would profit those Pulse but a little And if all these meanes should fall out to be insufficient it will be good to spread Quicklime vpon the plowed ground in the end of Februarie for besides that it enricheth a ground greatly it cleanseth it also and killeth all bad and dangerous weedes whereupon it commeth to passe that the haruest after it is more plentifull than after anie other dung that a man can inuent to vse Furthermore if the ground be light it will be good to cause some water to ouerflow the corne for the space of ten daies or thereabout which will likewise stand in stead of a manuring or dunging The dung or marle is to be spred in the increase of the Moone about the eighteenth of Nouember after such time as the rested ground hath passed his time of recreation but if it bee in such grounds as wherein the chiefest kindes of corne are to bee sowne then they must be dunged presently after the end of Autumne that so the ground may haue leasure to receiue the raine therewithall which will serue to help the seedes the better to rot thereby prouiding an aid for the weakenes of the earth In like sort if this should be for Rie or for Messing the ground would be dunged in the heart of Winter or a little before notwithstanding that some doe stay for the moneth of March that it may presently after receiue the showers of Aprill which may do much good towards the later end of September at which time they sowe in fine dust and windie drowthes looking for the first raine and the puârifaction to be wrought by the same But howsoeuer the case standeth seeing it is better to manure the ground than not to manure it so
it is better to dung it oft than much at once for as a field starueth if it be not dunged at all so it burneth if it be ouer-dunged in consideration whereof the ground must be well weighed for a good ground hath no such need to be dunged as a leane ground The moist field would be much more dunged for seeing it is frosen continually by reason of his moisture it commeth to passe that the dung by his heat doth resolue and thaw thesame againe The drie ground requireth lesse because it is hot ynough of it selfe by reason of his drinesse and if you should bestow great store of dung vpon it it might be a cause to make it burnt Againe your exceeding rich and stiffe clayes desire little or no manure at all because it is so rich and fat of it selfe that hauing anie more addition it presently mildeweth the corne and makes the kernell thereof as blacke as soot and therefore the good Husbandman sayth That the manure which is best for these rich soyles is good plowing in due time and ripening the mould There must likewise consideration be had of the goodnesse of the dung for good dung would lye fast and close together for a season and rest it selfe a yeare if it be elder it is so much the worse The Pigeons dung is the best of all and next thereto is mans dung especially if it be mixt with the other filth and sweepings of the house for of it owne nature it is verie hot Next vnto this is Asses dung which is the best of all beasts dung because this beast doth chew and eat his meat with great leysure and digesteth it best and thereupon also maketh a dung most prepared and fitted to be put presently into the earth Next vnto this is the dung of Sheepe then that of Goats and alike of all others as Horses Mares Oxen and Kine The worst of all is Swines dung by reason of his great heat for therewith it presently burneth the earth For want of dung the stalkes of Lupines cut downe haue the force and efficacie of very good dung or else to sow Lupines on Corne-ground which is leane and after that they be come vp to put them into the earth againe turning it ouer them There are manie Farmes of which one can keepe neither bird nor beast to make dung of and yet the painefull Farmer in this scarcitie of manure may make some of the leaues of Trees and Thornes and dyrt or parings of the earth gathered out of the streetes hee may also take Ferne and mingle them with the filth and myre of the vtter court or make a deepe pit and gather into it ashes stubble and stumps of hay or straw the dyrt hanging about spouts and all other manner of filth that may be scraped and raked together in paring or sweeping the house or else howsoeuer And in the midst of this ditch you must set a piece of wood of Oake to keepe away Adders and Snakes that they come not to breed or abide there If you haue no other but arable grounds they will not need that you should diuide your dung into diuers sorts but and if you haue Vineyards Medowes and Corne-ground you must lay euerie sort of dung by it selfe as that which is of Goats and birds must be stirred euerie summer as if you would digge it with Pick-axes or Spades to the end it may not the sooner and be better for the ground The cleansing of Ponds Ditches or standing Lakes is a compasse or manure not inferior to anie before spoken of and Marle may haue preheminence before all in as much as the best before named doth not last aboue foure yeares at the most and some but two and some but one yet Marle will keepe the ground rich twentie yeares and better All sorts of ashes either of Wood or Coale is a good manure chiefely for ground that is apt to chap or riue So is also Lyme or Chalke especially for cold soyles yet your Lyme would be scattered verie thinne vpon the same and your Chalke layd in greater aboundance Also Sea-sand is a verie good kind of manure and both fasteneth a loose mould and also maketh it a great deale more fertile CHAP. IX That the ground must be plowed ouer according to his three earings before that it be sowne IN tilling and husbanding the earth as it should be there are three things chiefely required first a Husbandman furnished with a good vnderstanding and ripe iudgement secondly Cattell fitted for the worke and thirdly a Plough well appointed and made But of all other things it is verie requisite that the Husbandman doe know the nature and condition of the earth which he vndertaketh to till thereof to reape fruit and commoditie that so accordingly he may stirre it and giue it as manie earings as the nature thereof doth require For in fields which are of a good ground vnderneath he must set his culter and plough so deepe therein as that the better and fatter earth which is vnderneath may be turned aboue whereas to take the same course in a ground that is barren and leane vnderneath were altogether vnprofitable In like manner there are manie fields which the more that they are eared and plowed they become so much the more leaner and barrenner and such are those which haue a âlight mould which the oftener they are plowed in the time of heat so much the more they are pierced of the Sunne and so become the weaker and lesse able to ãâã Corne. It is true indeed that there are not manie sorts of grounds but by oft earing âhey become more fruitfull than and if they were seldomer eared but howsoeuer Wheat or Mesling especially doe desire to haue three earings before they bee âowne one which is called the first earing and it must be when as the dung is newly spread otherwise the dung would loose his force being wasted and consuâed by the heat of the Sunne and this first earing is for to stirre the earth and ãâã make it soft for after-plowing not turning vp much earth with the plough nor piercing deepe into the earth this first time but cutting it in such sort as that the âurrowes may be so neere together one vnto the other as that a man shall hardly âerceiue the path or passage of the plough for by this meanes all the rootes of âhe hearbes will be broken and die The second earing is in the Spring at such âime as the earth beginneth to open of it selfe and then you may cast your ãâã good and high and great withall that so the seed may be the better receiued into âhe ground But you must vnderstand that according to the situation of the grounds that are good for Corne or Pulse as also according to the Countrey mould and heartinesse âhereof it is vsed to varie and alter the plowing and tilling of the ground for the âurther benefit of the inhabitants for at Brie where
more worth than the other so that the hindes let not to say That they had rather eat the huskes or stalkes of beanes sowne in due time than the beanes themselues of three moneths old because they yeeld more fruit and haue a greater and better stored graine But at what time soeuer you sowe them you must haue speciall regard to sowe them all about the fifteenth day after the change of the Moone because that in so doing thây will be the beâter loaden and because they will not be so much assailed of little vermine as and if the Moone were new The day before they be sowne you must steepe them in the lees of Oliues or in water of Nitre to the end that they may beare the more fruit be more easie to boyle and not to be subiect to be eaten of Weeuils or Larkes They must likewise reape and pull them vp in the new of the Moone before day and after leaue them in the ayre to drie and thresh them out before the full Moone and afterward carrie them into the Garner for being thus ordered vermine will not breed in them Againe they proue more profitable being planted than sowne in a good ground that is well dressed tilled fatted and manured vvhich said ground if it be sowne the yeare following with Wheat will yeeld a more copious and plentifull haruest in as much as Beanes doe fatten a ground more than anie other kind of Pulse If you would keep them long you must sprinkle them with salt water but if you meane to boile them you must bee sure to keep the salt from them because salt-water doth harden them they must not be left in the cold aire for the cold also doth make them the harder to boile To keepe them from being euen of wormes they must bee annointed or rubd ouer with oile-oliue one after another vntill such time as they be well liquored with this oile The flowers of Beanes notwithstanding that they be of a pleasant and delightsome smell doe hurt a weake braine and such a one as is easily carried away and ouercome And hereupon it commeth to passe that there are a great number of fooles when Beanes are in flower Thus much for the French experience of Beanes which doth indeed more concerne the Garden-Beane than those which are continually in vse amongst Husbandmen Therefore to come to the profit and true knowledge of the husbanding of Beanes you shall vnderstand that they are onely to be sowne in a rich stiffe ground that is verie fertile as namely the black or blew clay for in other earths they âoy but a little and they will grow with one eaâing onely which would be done at the beginning of Ianuarie vpon such earth as hath borne Barly before or else vpon greene-swarth which hath not been plowed long before it must be plowed deep and haue a great furrow turned vp then you shall let it lye till it haue taken frost and raine then vpon the next faire season being about or soone after S. Valentines day you shall sowe it and harrow it As for the weeding of Beanes it is to no purpose for they are of themselues so swift of growth that they will out-grow all weedes And if they haue anie Pease mixt amongst them which should euer be for it is the surest seed they will smother vp and destroy all sorts of weedes They are because of their vpright growing better to be mowne with sythes than cut to reapt with hookes they aske little withering for so soone as the cod turnes blacke the stalke dryes The vse of them is principally for prouander for Horses or to mixe with Barley Wheat or Rie to make bread for hind-seruants or for hunting or running Horses but then commonly they are vsed simply of themselues or else mixt with Wheat onely for the mixture of Barley or Rie is not good for Horses of that nature except for some cause physicall as to keepe them soluble in their bodies and so forth The Garden-Beane is good for men to eat being boyled and mixt with butter vineger and pepper or for want of butter with oyle-Oliue The cods also are a verie good food being boyled whilest they are greene and tender Lastly the water which is distilled from the flowers of Beanes is good to take away the morphew or spots in men or womens faces Small Peason SMall Pease are no lesse profitable for the fatting of ground that is leane than Lupines It is true that if you looke to haue good store of them and well-codded you must sowe them in fat and warme grounds and in a temperate and moist time as in Februarie or March and sometime in September in the increase of the Moone and yet it is hard for them to endure and hold out the Winters cold for they alwaies desire the full fruition of the Sunne and doe grow a great deale the fairer when they doe enioy it accordingly and when also they are borne vp to that end on stickes rather than let fall flat to the ground to creepe vpon it they must be sowne thinne because their stalkes doe spread themselues further than anie one other kind of pulse They are verie subiect to be eaten within of Wormes and yet those which are so eaten of Wormes are better to sowe than the other which are whole and sound For this cause if you will preuent the Wormes that they may not hurt and hinder your corne sowe Peason first in the place It is true that for the better growth and prospering of them the thicke and grosse seed is most conuenient to be sowne especially if it be laid in water to steepe therein a night because thereby they grow the more easily and lose some part of their saltnesse in being steept by which meanes they recouer their naturall verdure againe They must be gathered in the decrease of the Moone presently vpon their being ripe for else they drie vp and fall out of their swads The earth wherein they are sowne standeth in need but of one earing Cich Peason CIch Peason doe likewise grow in fat and moist places they must be sowne in a rainie time they doe greatly load and burthen the earth and for that cause are neglected of the wiser sort of husbandmen Notwithstanding if you will sowe them you must steepe them in warme water a day before that so they may grow and put forth of the earth the sooner and greater Some to haue them grow the fairer doe steepe them and their cods in nitrous water To keepe them that passengers and other folke may not gather them to eate when they are ripe you must water them fiue mornings together before the Sunne rise with water wherein haue beene steeped the seedes of wild Cucumber and Wormewood and the dew within fiue daies after will haue taken away all the bitternesse thereof Such practises are likewise good for to be vsed about small Peason and Beanes The vse of them is good for such as are
that end doth become blacke and turneth into a darke and obscure colour This line after it hath receiued braking and the first hackling you shall take the strickes and platting them into a plat of three make a good bigge roule thereof and put it into a smooth and round trough made for the purpose in the same manner as you beate hempe so you shall beate this flaxe till it handle as soft as any silke then vnplat the strickes againe and heckle it through the second heckle the which must bee much finer than the first which done plat vp the strickes againe and then beat it the second time and then vnplat as before and heckle it the third time through the finest heckle that can bee gotten then spinne this âow and it will make you yarne either for Lawne Holland or Combricke or for the finest sisters thred that can bee sowed with as for the hurds which doe fall from the heckle you shall haue a great and diligent care to keepe them light and loose for by reason of the much beating they will bee exceeding soft and apt to clotter together and abide in lumpes and in the drawing of the thred it will handle very woollie yet bee well assured that from the first hurds you shall make a most exceeding fine mydling from the second a very fine lynnen and from the third a pure good holland Many other labours are bestowed vpon flaâce but in this alreadie rehearsed consisteth the whole art of the huswife yet herein by the way is to bee noted that euer before you beate your flaxe you shall bestow great drying of it letting it stand each seuerall time at the least foure and twentie houres within the aire of the fire before you beate it for drying causeth it to breake Out of the seed of line you may presse an oyle which will neuer ãâ¦ã so cold it is vsed of Physitions Painters and many other sorts of workemen It is singular good to soften hard things for the paine of the hemorrhoides chape and tumours of the fundament called Condylomata being washed in rose-water it ââreth burnings it is maruelous good in plurisies if so be that it be ãâ¦ã is old heateth and procureth vomite Nauets and Turneps NAuets and Turneps delight in a light and fine would and not in a ãâ¦ã sad ground and yet turneps grow better in moist groundâ ãâ¦ã on the tops and sides of hills in drie and pettie grounds such as those are which are sandie and grauelly Howsoeuer it is the ground where they are sowne must haue beene oftentimes turned and cast harrowed and dunged for by these meanes they will not onely grow well but the ground after that they be gathered being thus prepared will bring forth fairer corne Turneps are sowne twice in the yeare in Februarie and in August in a well manured ground and you may not suffer them after that they haue gotten some little growth to put vp any further out of the earth for and if they should still grow more and more aboue the earth their root would become hard and full of small and little holes See more of nauets and turneps in our second booke CHAP. XIX Aduertisements concerning corne and pulse WIse and prudent husbandmen must not plow their groundes cut their vines or prune or haue any dealing about trees from the eighteenth day of Nouember vnto the seuen and twentieth of December Sow your corne as soone as you can and stay not to sow it in the Winter Neither doe you euer sow the corne which grew in a fat soile whether it bee wheat or rie or any other such in a leane and barren field but rather sow that corne in a fat and fertile soile which grew in a leane and barren ground and to be briefe sow in a well conditioned ground that which was growne in an ill conditioned ground In sowing your seed see that your hand auswere your foot and standing vpon your feet see that your right foot especially be moued when your right hand doth moue In sowing of wheat you must cast it with a full hand or by handfuls but in sowing barely rie oats and many other kindes of graine especially such as is shut vp in huskes as millet pannicke and rape seed must be sowne and cast into the earth with onely three fingers To preuent the frost that it may not hurt the corne that is sowne especially such as is sowne in cold grounds as those which are most subiect vnto frosts you must cast and spread lime vpon the said grounds before they besowne or else which is better mingle a sixt or eight part of lime amongst the corn which you meane to sow and so sow them together To keepe your seed from being eaten of birds mice or pisâyres water it before you sow it with the iuice of hoâse-leeke or according to Virgils aduice with water wherein nitre hath beene infused To cause peason beanes and other pulse to be tender and easily boyled you must lay them a day before they bee sowne in water vvherein there hath beene nitre dissolued or else to mingle amongst them in fowing of them some dung and nitre and if notwithstanding after all these meanes vsed they cannot yet be well boyled then put into the pot wherein they are boyling a little mustard seed and in a short time they will relent and seeth in peeces Beanes being sowne neere trees cause their roots to drie and wither beanes will keepe long if you water them with sea water notwithstanding that they will not boile any thing at all in salt or sea water Cich peasâ will become greater if you infuse them in warme water before they be sowne or if you steepe them in their cods in vvater vvherein nitre hath bin infused if you vvould haue them earely sow them when you sow barley Lentils will grow very faire if they be infused in their cods in warme water with nitre or if they be rubd ouer with drie ox-dung before they be sowne You must not sow millet thicke if so bee you would haue it good for examples sake a handfull is enough to sow halfe an arpent withall for if you should ãâ¦ã more you must but pull it vp when you come to the weeding of it Sow your lupines before all other kinds of corne without staying or ãâ¦ã raine before they flowre you may put oxen in amongst them and ãâã all the other sorts of herbs they will eate but they will not touch or come neere vnto the ãâã because that they are bitter you may make them sweet if you steepe them three whole dayes in sea and riuer water mingled together Sow all manner of pulse in the increase of the Moone except peason and gâther them as soone as they be ripe for otherwise their cods will open and the ãâã fall out Gather seeds and all manner of graine in the change of the Moone if you would haue them to keepe and doe with them as
walkes or about houses for shade bearing a large head like the Cicamore and fully as round and as much extended and the leafe naturally of it selfe being broad and growing so thicke that hardly neither the Sunne nor the raine can possibly passe through the same neither is it tender but very apt to grow and may be remoued at any time or age as long as it is portable and meete to be wiâlded by the strength of any one man It is very true that the elme groweth easily and plentifully after that it hath taken with the ground And who so would for varietie sake mingle diuers sorts of trees of diuers natures as maple beech aspe and such other kinds of wood may do it but the moe okes and chesnut trees a man groweth the better he doth CHAP. VI. Of the seating and disposing of a wood for growing of high and great timber trees WHo soeuer hath a faire plot of eight or ten acres of ground and would make it shew faire and beautifull the first yeare and that by bringing the wood into some shape and commendable forme with hope of further delight pleasure from the same in time to come must for the first yere wall it about or else ditch it so well and plant it with hedges of quickset as that no cattell may possibly be able to enter thereinto And if the said plot should come to be ditched then I am freely contented to vtter my opinion at some other time concerning the fashion that they are to bee made after as also how when they are made they must be planted or set with quickset But presuppose that the said square plot is inclosed with a wall and that the said square hath foure sides that is to say two of length and two of bredth mine aduise is that all the sides of the said wal should be couered and clothed with greenenesse and with foure sorts of trees and six foot thicke and large seeing that nature reioiceth in varietie that so both the walls may be kept from being seene and there may be a walk betwixt two greenes The said couerts shall bee made according to the good liking of the Lord as for example one of the sides if it should so seeme good vnto him euen the South side with hasell and white hawthorne because these are the first leaues that doe first put forth in the spring time as those also wherin the nightingale doth make her neast another of the sides with barberrie trees which are beautifull and serue for very many vses spreading themselues in comely sort when they meet with a good ground The third side being that whereupon the Sunne beateth at his rising with âame osiers which may serue in husbandrie and therewithall also make a faire shew and the fourth side with yong peare-tree plants with some white thorne plants amongst as at the end of euerie foure foote square which are more greene than any other sorts of trees and they will bee of vse for to graft many faire grafts vpon and good store of great medlars The alleyes about the said wood must be twelue foot broad and vpon the edges of all the said alleyes as well on those that are toward the wall as on the other there must be planted elmes euery one foure fadome from another hauing their heads cut off and their bodies remaining a seuen foote high or thereabout to giue some grace and comlinesse vnto the said alleyes because that if a man should walke in the fairest place in the world if there be no sweetnesse to be found in it it proueth tedious and irkesome For this cause if it please the Lord of the farme to plant along the said alleyes certaine fruit trees as also wallnut-trees and those such as may sute euery season of the yeare he may do it Further it may seeme that all the said trees should be set from foure feet to foure feet and that by the leuell of a line euery way aswell to please the sight of the eie as also for that sometimes men are desirous to make alleyes within the wood and then if the draughts be straight it is more easie for to make them CHAP. VII Of the manner of planting trees in woods of high and tall growth IF you purpose to plant these trees well you must presently make dithes in manner of furrowes as you are woont to doe in the planting of vines wherein they must be planted to the end the earth may feed it selfe in aire and that it may battle and grow fat with the raine and snow which shall fall during Winter vpon them vnto the end of December or vnto the beginning of Ianuarie These trenches are not to be made aboue two foot deepe but they must be well handled in the bottome and that by laying the good earth vpon one side of the furrow and that which is lesse worth vpon the other and not to cast it abroad to the end that if the bottome should proue bad ground or otherwise to bee ouer deepe then there might be cast into the said furrow or trench some of that good earth which shal be on the side to the end that the roots of the tree may not busie themselues in searching a bad bottome in steed of stretching forth themselues in largenesse and you must so leaue the trenches and furrowes all Winter long for the receiuing of the rain water when it commeth and they must be so wide as that one may turne a yard euery way round within The said trees must be planted in December if it be possible and that the times be fauorable as when it freezeth not for great frosts are great enemies to the good proceeding of this worke You should rather cast to plant trees that are alreadie growne vp than to deale with the sowing of acornes or chesnuts because it requireth great care and industrie to make the said seed to grow and as concerning the seed it selfe that of the chesnut groweth sooner than that of the acorne And whenas you go about to sow them it must be done with leauing a foot distance betwixt one and another with the largest and in the end of great frosts because that during the said frosts the mowles do eate the chesnuts in the ground As concerning the planting of trees alreadie growne they must be taken vp with as many roots as they can possibly and after they be taken vp if there by any of their roots broken to cut the same and those which are not broken to cut their ends for to refresh them the length of three or foure fingers more or lesse as the roots may beare it You must make choice of a young plant that hath a liuely and cleane barke not rough and ouergrowne with mosse a good and handsome root a straight shanke and long without scares or frets and before you plant it it will bee good to cast into the furrow some good earth taken from the side of
the rinde of the Ash-tree taken is singular good to open the obstructions of the Spleene and to draw out great store of water from such as haue the Dropsie as also to make fat folks leane Also the keyes of the Ash or that which is the seed thereof is of most singular vse amongst Painters and being ground maketh him diuers pretie and most vsefull colours The Ash is onely an enemie vnto corne and will not suffer any to grow by any meanes within the compasse of the shadow thereof and therefore it should as seldome as might be be planted in corne-fields except you leaue such large space of greeneswarth betwixt it and the corne-lands that no part of the shadow may extend to the same CHAP. XVII Of Chesnut-trees THe Chesnut-tree is a strong and mightie tree much like vnto the Oake It is a fast wood and good to build withall as also to vnderprop Vines and make other workes which are made of Oake It groweth of the seed of the Chesnut which is sowne after the manner of the Acorne and so it groweth and putteth forth his shoots both sooner and more effectually and taketh commonly in all grounds yea euen in the sandie or grauellie grounds but yet it shunneth the grounds that lie open to the pearching heat of the Sun affecting altogether the little hils and mountaines that are cold and lie vpon the North. The seed or fruit thereof called the Chesnut is sometimes spoyled and that after the same manner that the Acorne is as by too much drinesse vvhich maketh it that it cannot bud or blossome or by too great store of vvater putrifying both the Chesnut and Acorne before it can spring out of the earth or else by cattell moules field-mice and such sorts of vermine which eat or wound the Chesnut Acorne within the ground The nature of the young plants of Chesnut-trees and Oakes are much alike and the manner of dressing them also and if you would haue them to put forth store of boughes you must cut them after they haue beene planted three or foure yeares and not before and that in the beginning of the Spring time for so you shall make them put forth twice as much and yet it is not without danger to vse any edge-toole in cutting them for thereby they oftentimes die So then if there put forth any branches or sprigs along the stem in the first second or third yeare you may at the beginning of such their putting forth crop them off and breake them away with your hand whiles they are young and tender and not to take any knife vnto them and then you shall doe best CHAP. XVIII Of the Oake and the differences thereof Hornebeame Beech Linden tree and others YOu shall vnderstand that the oake is a tree bearing most fruit and affoording the most commoditie of any tree in France And for this cause it hath been accustomed to preserue and keepe store of these kinds of trees in old woods and forests as being most necessarie and profitable Some do make three sorts of this kind of tree and of euery sort a male and a female for notwithstanding that the common people call them all by the common name of oke yet the Latins attribute to euery sort his seueral and proper name calling one sort thereof Robur another Quercus and the third Ilex The first of these sorts is a kind of oake which is very thicke and strong hauing a bodie that is very thicke below and full of knots and very mightie hauing great roots and spreading far and wide in the ground and at the top of the bodie or bole which is but short it beareth many and great quantitie of boughes that are also thick spread abroad and long taking great roome and for that cause are planted the one from the other a great distance that so they may haue roome for their boughs to spread The wood growing vpon this sort of okes is fitter to make fire wood of than timber to build withal because it hath but a short bole and riseth not vp to any great height and squarenesse hauing his boughes therewithall crooked and writhen There are many forrests to be seene wherein this kind of oakes doth grow as namely those whose oakes are thicke and short standing far a sunder and yet spreading on a great breadth aboue The other sort of oakes hath both a reasonable thicke and long bodie as namely of the height of foure or fiue good fadomes as also foure or fiue reasonable tail and straight boughes growing thereupon but nor spread forth into any great breadth as neither the bodie is so well couered and shadowed therewith as the former And this sort of oakes is good for beames of houses and great peeces of timber to be put in buildings as also for to saw and cleaâe because it is not knottie and hard as the former And of thâs sort there are to be seene many forrests planted in France and they are more thicke and closer growne with timber than the others which I am about to speake of because the boughes of these doe rise more straight vp and take not vp so much roome The third sort of oakes hath a small bodie but very straight and growing to the height of seuen or eight fadomes without any boughes and at the top of their said bodies bearing but sâal store of boughes and wood in such sort as that all the wood is in the bole seeming to bee onely a nosegay at the top And this kind of wood standeth very neere the foot one of another rising vp equally and alike vnto a great height and greatnesse and the forrests furnished with this kind are very profitable to make all sorts of buildings wheâher it be to make the ioyces thereof or any of the other sorts of long and middle timber as those required for for walls or roofes And of this kind of wood there are many forrests in this countrie All these three sorts of wood do beare a great leafe and that euery one like vnto another saue that they are some of them large and great some but indifferent and the third sort small and little Againe they beare some of them acornes that are more long and thicke othersome acornes that are more thicke and short and againe other some of them acornes that are smaller and longer Furthermore there is not any of these three sorts which consisteth not of male and female The female is commonly called that as Theophrastus saith which beareth the most and strongest fruit whereupon it followeth that if those are to bee called the females which do beare most store of fruit wee must needs call those males which beare least fruit When they beare fruit or when they beare none the barren are called the males and the fruitfull the females Theophrastus putteth another difference betwixt those which are fruitlesse but I meane not to write any thing thereof at this present purposing to be
and tumours that are hard and not easily softned The hunting of the wild Bore CHAP. XXVII The best time to hunt the wild Bore and the markes of a good wild Bore IT is certaine that the hunting of the wild Bore is a great deale more difficult and daungerous than that of the Hart in asmuch as the wild Bore doth not feare the dogs but tarrieth and stayeth their comming and which is more doth sometimes set vpon them so far as till he be amongst them and all to the end hee may teare and rent them with his teeth whose wounds especially those that are giuen into the chest of the bodie are as it were incurable Wherefore the good hunts-man that maketh any account of his dogs for to hunt the Hart the Roe-bucke and Hare must neuer giue chase to the wild Bore with his coursing dogs but rather with some companie of mastiues whose proper pray the wild Bore is or else which is better to find the meanes to take him in toiles or to kill him with a wile and a speare as we shall further declare But howsoeuer the matter go yet this is to be knowne that all Bores are not fit to be hunted but such onely as are not past foure yeares old howsoeuer they may bee otherwise both faire great and fat for after foure yeares the wild Bore groweth lââne through oldnesse of age and forthwith looseth all his goodnesse Againe all times are not fit to hunt them in but onely when they are in season and in the best plieght as namely from mid September to December at which time they begin to go to rut and yet in Aprill and May they are more easie to be taken in toiles than at any other time because they sleepe more in this season than at any other time and the cause is for that they feed vpon strong herbes which stirreth the bloud and sendeth vapours vp vnto their braine whereby sleepe is brought vpon them againe the Spring time doth then restore and renew their bloud whereby they are brought to take great ease and rest The hunts-man therefore shall know the fairenesse of the Bore and that hee is worth the hunting by these markes that is to say by his traces rooting foile and dung The prints of his traces great and large the taking of the trace before round and grose the cutting of the sides of the traces vsed but not shewing themselues cutting the heele large his gards grosse and open wherewith he must tread vpon the ground in the hard wheresoeuer hee goeth all these things declare him to bee a faire and great bore In like manner the traces behind being larger than those before doe shew the thicknesse of his haunches the wreathes and wrinkles which are betwixt his gards and the heele if they make their prints vpon the ground do shew that his steps are great and long The markes of his traces deepe and wide do shew also his heauienes and corpulencie The rootings of the bore being deepe and large do note the thicknesse and length of his head The soile of the wild bore being long large and great doth note and argue the bore to be great or else in going from the soile his greatnesse may be known by the entrances of the thickets by the leaues and herbes which the soile hath touched because that at such time as hee commeth out of it he beareâh dârt and mire vpon him and therewith the leaues are bemired as he goeth amongst them and hence is gathered his height and breadth or else it falleth out oftentimes that the wild bore after he hath bin at soile goeth to rub himselfe against some one tree or other and there hee leaueth the marke of his height The dung of the wild bore being thicke and long doth shew the greatnesse of the wild bore howbeit the hunts-man is not to present it vnto the companie but onely giue them the view of it in place as it lieth CHAP. XXVIII Of the wild Bore tame Swine wild Bore and wild Sow and of their haunt THe difference betwixt wild Bores and tame Swine is this The wild Bore in his gate doth alwaies set his hinder feet in the stepts of his forefeete or very neere and doth pitch his steps rather vpon the forepart of the foot than vpon the heele resting notwithstanding his gardes vpon the ground spreading the same abroad thereupon vnto the vtter sides the âame Swine in their gate do open the cleft of their hoofe before pitching rather vpon the heele than vpon the forepart of their foot and their hinder foot doth not ouer-reach their fore-foot the sole of their foot is full of flesh so that the prints of their steps cannot bee but vneuen contrarie to that of the wild Bore In like manner the wild Bore maketh deeper rootings because he hath a longer head and when he commeth inâields that are sowne he willingly followeth one furrow nuâling all along the ridge vntill he come to the end of it which the âame hog vseth not to doe for hee neither turneth vp the earth in so deepe manner nor yet followeth on along with it as the wild Bore is accustomed to do but hee casteth vp one peece of ground in on place and another in another further off crossing the ridges the one of them not reaching vnto the other Furthermore when the wild Bores goe vnto the corne they bearâ down the same all in a round but so do not âame Swine The wild Bore also hath this particular propertie namely that he is neuer meazelled as the âame Swine wil be The difference betwixt the wild Bore and the Sow is this The Bore goeth wider with his hinder legs than the Sow and commonly setteth his hinder steps vpon the edges of his foresteps on the out-side because of the thicknesse of his hanches and stones which cause them to go wider dehind which the Sowes do not for they are emptie betwixt the hanches for which cause they tread narrower The Sow maketh not so good a heele as the bore and hath her hoofe longer and sharper before and more open her steps and soles of her feet behind more narrow than the Bores The bore with much adoe and hardly will be brought to crie when he is killed but the Sow will not let to make you heare her aloud The wild Bore hath no certain abode and as some say he is but a traueller because he doth nothing but runne from one forest and wood to another and yet hee taketh great delight to remaine in the countrie and place where hee was bred in so much as that if he be hunted by dogs from any bush or forest he is still readie to run without any stay vntill he come in the countrie from whence he first came and where hee was bred for there hee setteth vp the rest of his safegard and maketh it the onely refuge of all his force and strength he is also
is not any country where the Hobbies doe not follow the hunters in as much as it is the proper worke of the Hobbie to make her prey of the little birds as they flie as by name the Laâke This is his speciall propertie that hauing found the hunters in the field going to hunt the Hare or the Partridge he keepeth them companie still flying ouer their heads hoping to meet with some one little bird or other which the dogâ shall put vp but for the most part these little birds doe rather chuse to become a prey vnto the dogges or else to find out some means to saue themselues amongst the horses or to be taken aliue than to commit themselues to the mercie of the Hobbie their mortall aduersarie But howsoeuer the Hobbie will not follow the hunter longer than a certaine time as though he had his houres limited him for leauing them he goeth to looke out the place of his rest amongst the vvoods of high timber-trees vvhere they keepe and pearch ordinarily He hath a blew âeake yellow legs and feet the feathers vnder his eyes very black the top of his head betwixt black and a darke yellow two white spots aboue his necke but vnderneath his throat and on either side of his temples russet ones his wings very blew his back traine and wings black on the vpper side his traine very much consisting of variable colours vnderneath by reason of red spots traced ouerthwart amongst the blacke If you can see him flying in the ayre he may be perceiued to be somewhat red vnder his traine and betwixt his legges The Hobbie is so quicke and swift as that he dare aduenture vpon the Rauen and giue him many a drie bob in the ayre He is chiefely esteemed for the sport of darying of Larkes to which he is naturally inclined because it is the prey in which he most naturally delighteth and the manner of daring of Larkes is in this sort When you see a Larke play and flie neere vnto the ground quiuering her wings and making a gentle noise in the ayre you shall then liât vp your fist whereon the Hobbie sitteth and giue her the sight of the Larke vvho presently thereupon will spread them abroad and waue them in the vvind at vvhich sight the Larke will leisurely stoope downe to the ground and there lye close as if she were vnperceiued vvhilest you in the meane space shall with your Horse and Hawke ride about her and about her till you come so neere her that you may lay your daring-net ouer her vvhich net is a little round net like a Pursnet not aboue a foot or two ouerthwart and fastened bought-wise vnto the end of a long pole like a Hawkes pole as soone as you haue couered the Larke you shal light and take her vp and giue your Hawke the head onely This is a sport very delicate and of long continuance and therefore much respected amongst ladies and gentlewomen The Merlin is the least of all other Hawkes which Faulconers make any vse of he is for the fist and not for the lure howbeit for neâessitie âake he may be trained to the lure he resembleth the Faulcon so naturally as that there may seeme to be no difference betwixt them saue onely in greatnesse for he hath the same gesâes plumage and conditions vvherefore he must be reputed as royall as the Faulcon or at least of the same linage and nature with the Faulcon He is very stout of courage for although he be not much bigger than a Black-bird or Pigeon yet he dareth to aduenture vpon the Quaile and Partridge and such other birds greater than himselfe and his courage is such as that oftentimes he will flie them to the next houses or villages yea into burning fire and vnder the garments of men or women He must be âed and handled after the same manner that the Faulcon The generall prey whereupon he most ordinarily feedeth is the Larke vvhence it commeth that he euer chusing to liue vvhere they most haunt hee is often taken with the day-nets for stooping to strike at the Larke he is taken in the net himselfe Of Merlins there are both male and female the male is called the Iack Merlin and is as the male of other Hawkes a great deale lesse than the female and indeed are so very little that they are of very small or no vse the female is called the formale and being much larger valiant and full of courage they will sley the Partridge all Summer long These Merlins are of all Hawkes the tenderest and can the least endure cold of any bird vvhatsoeuer especially of their feet vvhich being once nipt vvith frost and benummed they presently vvill eate them of themselues and so become lame and vselesse Therefore vvhen you mue them in the Winter time you shall mue them in a very warme and close house and vpon a pearch very well lined and couered with thicke lists or other vvoollen cloth Some vse to line their pearches with Cony-skinnes or other furred skinnes turning the furred sides outward but that is somewhat too hot and makes them more tender and apt to feele the cold than otherwise they would be vse then a moderate temper of warmth and no further Of all sorts of Merlins the Irish Merlin is the best for she is neuer at any time troubled with this infirmitie and you shall know her by her pale greene legs and the contrarie Merlin by her bright yellow legs When they haue flowne all Summer at the Partridge you may make them for the bush in the Winter and so haue them flying all the yeare vvhich is the best course that can be taken with them for they are naturally of themselues so tender that they can verie hardly endure mâing The Gerfaulcon is a bird that is seldome seene except it be amongst Faulconers belonging to great Lords she is a great bodied bird insomuch as that she is thought of some to be a kind of Eagle she is fit to flie at any thing for she is bold and neuer giueth ouer any thing but she is more hard to reclaime and bring to the lure than any other Hawke because she is so venturous and fantasticall for and if she be not handled gently and haue a mild master to vse her kindly she will neuer become reclaimed This is the strongest of all other birds except the Eagle she is kept vpon the fist she is long bodied hauing her bâll legges and feet of a blew colour and her tallons very open and long she is cunning at the taking of the birds of the riuer for she wearieth them in such sort that in the end they are forced to yeeld as not being able âo diue any more The principall flight wherein she taketh delight is at the Herne for her spirit and courage stirs her vp to actions of the greatest worth and of these Gerfaulcons the white is the principall best of all other and
of the rods and stickes which were in it for that purpose and keeping them in some by-place for feare that by the hearing of noise they should beate and shake themselues letting their legge or thigh which they shall haue broken remaine vntied and vnbound for nature will heale it and make it to grow together againe speedily CHAP. LX. The manner how to serue ones turne of birdes when he would take and catch them and how to make them sing NOtwithstanding that all birds except the Spinke do sing in Winter as by name the Finch the Linnet the Miskin and other such like there are some found notwithstanding which being come out of the mue do giue ouer their singing because of the said mue Wherefore from the beginning of May you shall purge them which you would vse for your purpose to catch other birds withall in such maner as followeth You shall giue them in the first place of the iuice of beetes mingled with a little pure water and the day following you shall giue them a leafe of the said herbe The third day following you shall keepe them close in the house setting them vpon the ground that so they may eate their meate vpon it for the space of ten daies withdrawing them by little and little day after day from the light into some obscure and darke place And when they haue thus pasâed ouer ten daies you shall giue them some beets againe and shut them vp in some square chest in a darke and by-place At the euening you shal dresse them with a lamp so dealing as that the said birds may see the same light for the space of two houres during which time you may make cleane her water-pot changing their mustard-seed euery eight day and giuing them of the leaues of beets euery fourth day and euery twentieth day of the iuice therof especially vnto the spink being the most subiect of all others to become blind And that you may keepe them without lice you must change their cage euery twentie daies as also for another reason which is because of the filth and stench thereof which might easily kill them Thus you must still be practising of these courses vnto the tenth of August which terme being expired you shall purge them anew in like manner as before suffering them by little and little more freely to see the light vntill the twentieth of the same moneth taking heed that they come not in the Sunne Thus they will serue you very well to take and catch birds withall in September and October and finally in all the rest CHAP. LXI Of the Misken AMongst the little birds of the cage the Misken is a of cheerefull nature and singeth sweetly and delightsomely she is exceeding pleasing vnto the sight She breedeth thrice a yeare first about the end of Aprill amongst the shrubs or hedges of iuie or laurell secondly about mid-May and thirdly and lastly in the end of âune and this is their ordinarie and most common course for sometimes they come sooner or latter more or lesse Their nests are made of the most âine roots of herbs and oftentimes of the leaues of reeds according as the place will afford them where they nest To seed the Misken taken out of her nest you shall giue her of a sheepes heart miâââed very small taking away the fat and sinewes or else of a calues or heyfers heaââ taking from it likewise the sinewes and the fat all the rest being well beaten and shrââ because of digestion You shall seed her in her nest oftentimes giuing her euery time a moââell or two and no more least they should die by being too much filled And when you shall perceiue that the Misken will âate alone you shall hang at her cage a little of the said heart minced not ceasing notwithstanding to feed her by putting it in her mouth certain times euery day for more asâurednesse After she hath beene accustomed to eate alone you may giue her some paste feeding her therewithall onely not giuing her any more heart when she shall be accustomed thereto Furthermore if you haue any great desire that she should learne some proper songe take the paines for to teach her for it is a bird that is very easie to be taught The Miskens which are taken in birding proue better and more perfect than the other They are woont to continue without singing the space of ten daies after they are taken You shal feed them for the space of eight daâes with new or drie âigs and after you shall begin to giue them of the paste which is woont to bee made for the Nightingales wherof we will speake hereafter such as are fed with paste do liue longer than those which are fed with nothing but figs. CHAP. LXII Of the solitarie Sparrow BY nature the solitariâ Sparrow is giuen to be melancholicke she loueth by-places and thereupon commeth her name because they are very solitarie as namely the old decayed walls of churches and other ââââhabited places as being far remoued from the companie of other birds she ãâã very iealous ouer her young ones she maketh her nest in the holes and clefts of old buildings and breedeth thrice a yeare first in Aprill secondly in May and thirdly in Iune If you will bring vp and take any pleasure by the solitarie Sparrow which haue taken young in their nests you must chuse the greatest and biggest namely such as are well couered with feathers for else you shal neuer bring them to any proofe If peraduenture when they are growne thus great they will not open their bils you shall open them giuing them as much as a bird will hold in her bill three or foure times But and if you perceiue that they will eate of themselues you may put in their trough or meate-boxe some of the foresaid heart not giuing ouer notwithstanding to put it into their mouthes vntill such time as they can eate alone But for such as open their bils you shall feed them with the said heart after that you haue taken off the skinne round about and the fat also and that once euerie houre or more if you heare them crie and see them gape Put in their cage a little straw or hay keeping them as neate and cleane as possibly you can for if you do not they will become lame or else die in a small time Wherefore you shall do as hath beene said vntill they haue mouted and afterward if you will keepe them in sand it will be very good howbeit I thinke it better to keepe them in hay all the Winter following And whenas they shall eate of themselues their meate shall bee sheepes heart small minced and sometimes of the paste which is woont to be giuen to Nightingales And sometimes for an extraordinarie dish you may giue them hard egges as also raysins CHAP. LXIII Of the Throstle THe Throstle is a bird knowne to euery one and she is as good to be eaten as to
282 Clapper or Warren storing thereof 645 646 To Clod the earth 541 Câmpound water of trees 461 Clâuds darke and thicke a great signe of raine 26 The nature of the Lark called Cochenis 727. and her feeding ibid. To cut Cocârels or to make them Capons 77. to fat Capons ibid. with speede 590. to make them lead Chickens 515. to make their stones good to make leane men fat 74. Capons of Mans and Bretaigne 73 Cocks and Capons must not haue their wings broken 67. one Cocke to a dozen Hennes ibid. notes of a good Cock and his colour 68. Cocks crowing at all houres a signe of raine ãâã How to order and breake Colts 1â8 the marks of a good Colt 135. Colts how they must be looked to 1â6 and to burne them and slit their noââââils ibid. to geld them 127. the means to make them seruiceable ibid Colutea 291 Rocke Comsâey 202 Great Comârey ibid. Compositions of honey 230 Conâes are a kind of Hares 697. those of the Warren how they must be cared for and fedde 646. the diffeâence betweene those of the Warren and those of the Clapper 648 Conserue of the root of Elicampane 428 Conserue of Quinces wherefore good 376. laxatiue conserue of Quinees iâid Constraint is neuer good 12 Sale Cookes their vse of great deceit 117 Corke trees what ground they delight in 667 Red Corant tree 342 Coriander 245 Corne of all sorts and the manner of growing them 548. Seed-Corne how it must be chosen 543. to sow âanne riddle lay vp corne vpon the end of the Moone 31. such diuers sorts thereof as are fit to make bread 571 Corne of diuers Countries of France and which are the best 571. the grinding of them 572 Tuâkie Corne and how it must be husbanded 553 Saracâns Corne or Wheat ibid. Aduertisements concerning all manner of Corne and Pulse 569 570 Corne-flagge 239. distilled 462 Costmarie and his properties 182 The Court next the dwelling house and the scituation thereof 15. how it must be walled 16 Cowcumbers without water 195. how they may be kept 281. enemies to oyle 190. their huâtful qualities ibid. obseruations to be knowne concerning the same 194 Creame of milke and how it must be prepared 65 Crâspinet a singular hearbe against the Stone ãâã Cresses and their faculties 184 Crowes bathing themselues and braying at night are a signe of raine 25 Crowfoot 210 Cummin 249 Curiositie the ouerthrow of good wits 1 Curlew 78 Cuttlâ-fishes and the manner of taking of them 515 D ADaies worke how much ground it containeth 518 Criticall Daies concerning the Moone 3â The 12. Daies of the feast of the Natiuiâitie do prognosticate the disposition of the whole yeare 28 The Huswiues Dairie-house 16 The Dairie-woman and her office 38. what medicines she is to know for the diseases of the familie 39 Daisies 237 Daâes how planted 338 Date-trees how planted 390. male and female and their nature 292. what earth they craue 390 Dates how to be kept 409 Dâââ-wort 206. distilled 453 âearth and the signes fore-shewing the same 29 ãâ¦ã grounds how they may be prepared to beare fruit 10 ãâã âiâphâânicon distilled 462 ãâã Diligence of the householder doth ouercome the weakenesse of the ground 10 ãâã 249 ãâã good kind of Dissembling 21 ãâã by whom it was inuented and the kinds therof 439 440 ãâã of many sorts of waters with a briefe discourse therâupon ibid. ãâã what it is ibid. ãâã of Oyles and Quintessences with a discourse theâeupon 469 ãâ¦ã Herbes Flowers Baâkes and Roots euery one by themselues 45â c. ãâ¦ã of Distilling 440 ãâã matter must be prepared before it be Distilled 448 ãâã Distill by Coldnesse 440 with the heat of Sand. 450 oftentimes one and the same water 451 what maner of heat is requisite thereto ibid. licours and the maner of ordering all things therein 454 compound waters three manner of wayes 460. c. per descensum 464 468. and without heat ibid. with a filtre ibid. liuing things 458 wood 480 481 ââsâruments and vessels for Distillation 441 ãâã forme of Furnaces to Distill chymicall oylââ 471 472. ââ itches for fishes 508 ââ ittanie and his properties 210 ãâã 203 âââogges three sorts belonging to a Farme-house 120. to preuent their going madde and how to handle them 221 ââââoggeâ their names ibid. ââunting Doggâs are of three sorts in generall 685. their keânelâ and feedings 676. their diseases and cures 677. c. ãâã Doggeâ how to traine them vp to fit them to hunting to swimming and diuers other pretie qualities 68â their tumbling vpon the ground a signe of raine 25 ãâã Madde Dogges 678 ãâã madde Dogge hauing bitten an Horse â47 ãâã Dogges-tooth a signe that water will ãâã found if there be pits cast 7 ãâã Dogge-tree 395. and how to keepe the fruit thereof ibid. ââhe backe Dâre of the house 18 ãâã ground Dung-house how and where it must be made and âeated 17 ãâã Doue-houses 86 ãâã Dragons great and small 268. distilled 465 ãâã Dreames ioyfull in the new of the Moone 32 ââ Drinkes made of fruits and a discourse of the making of them 410 ââ ârinâe of Sloeâ 419. of Ceruises 395. the making of the Drinkes of Cerâises 419 ãâã haue a barren seed 626 ãâã Drunkennesse how hurtfull a thing it is to man 625 ãâã and Drakes how they must be kept and handled ãâ¦ã where they must âit on nights ibid. ãâã âild Ducks made drunke are easie to take â8 ãâã âlesh pleasant to eate ibid. Ducks bloud good against all manner of venime âbid Young Ducks ibid. Dung of the Stables where to be laid 15 What manner of Dung is to be laid vpon the ground 534 Than Dunâ nothing more deare 535 Dunâ of diuerse sorts and how and when it must bee spread 536 Dung of Pigeons for what ground it is good 89 Duâg what is good or euill for the Vine 599 602 603 Dung of Oxen Kine and Sheepe is good for manie diseases 104 116 of Men Kine and Pigeons diâtilled and their vertues 557 of Hares hindeâeth conception in Women 698 of Hens swallowed of an Horse causeth winging in the bellie 147. and causeth haâre to grow againe 74 of Hogges stayeth the spitting of bloud 111 of Goats cureth the Parotides Bubo Sciatica and other Apostemes 120 of âurtle Dâues for the spots of the eyes 84 of the Goose for the Iaundise 77 of Dogges excellent for the Squinancie 122 To Dung the ground and what manner of dung it must be 535 To Dung the ground in the encrease of the Moone 32 To lay any Dung to Vines is a damnable thing 595 There must ãâã two Dungâââ made and why 15 E EAgle the king of Birds 707. and the nature of Eagles ibid. The Earth of a cold and drie nature 10. of contrarie qualities according to her particular plots ibid. Diuers sorts of Earth and their diuers manner of tilling and encrease 11 Blackish and yellowish Earth good and fruitfull 11 12 Eââon borne the sixt day
Grazing with cattell The vine maried vnto the Elme The situation of the Pooles To make a Fish-pond The wild flesh of the fish-poole Beasts of a two fold lifâ Carpe Barbell Famous pooles The pooles of Nouë and Gouuieux White fish The Trout Tench Eele Eele ponds The lamprey a venimous fish in the Sea The excrements of the poole are the frog and the creuise Sorts of fishing forbidden Diuerse kindes of nets To banish water rats Not to shoot at wildâowle about fishpooâes Gunnes cause fish to âie The raising of the sides or bankes of the fish-poole Fish-ponds and fish ãâã Food for Fish Art of Angling To ãâã fishing lineâ ãâ¦ã Hookes To fasten the âookes To plumbe the linâ Three seuerall fashionâ of plummets A musket bullet to sound the depth Apparrâll for an Angler Best seasons for fishing Winter and Summer fishing The best maner of fishing The haunts of fishes Baites The fit times for euerie bait To preserue ãâã To fit fish with the baits they delight in The time to take fish To gather the fish together into one place To catch all sorts of fishes To take small fishes To intrap and take Torteises with bait To catch the Cuttle fish To fish for and to take Loaches To fish for Pearches To take Salmons To take Trouts The Gudgeon The Carpe The Measures in France called the Kings measures The Kings ãâã The ãâã The dour The quarter The fadome The pole The Geometricall staffe Groundâ that are ãâ¦ã yet of an âquall length ãâã equall ãâ¦ã A ground vnequall and ãâã ân all ãâ¦ã Ground ãâã like ãâ¦ã wedge A ground lying ãâ¦ã A ground consisââing of two triangles A ground that is circular or round A ground consisâing of many formes and ââââions mixt together An inclosâd or intangled ground Two sorts of âarth Seuerall natures of Soyles Ashe is hurtful to Corne. Lânds must be caââ accoâding to the nature of the âoyle The first âââing of ground after ãâã layen follow Vntilled ground Weeds shew what manner of ground it is wherein they grow Nature iâ nâuer idle The first âaring The second The third Stones of greats vsâ in maniâ grounds Ploughes of diâerse sorts To destroy weeds What manner of dung must be vsed Nothing more deare than dung The diuersitie of manure Stâbble seruing in stead of dung The first ââââring of the ground is the ãâã To spread dung How it is naught to dung a ground too much To put dung close together The diuersitie of dung Soyle of Ponds or Ditches Plowing with Horse Horses Oxen of France Plowing with Oxen. English Oxe To plow with Asses A good Mules but a curst beast The diuersitie of Ploughes To clod the grâund The second earing The third earing The chusing of seed Wheat Sorâs of Wheat Seed degenârate How much corn will serue in sowing Oxe-hârrow The last labour The time to cut downe Corne. Stubble Straw Mats Sythes Sickles To thresh corne Corne better kept in the eare than in the Garner Bad to thresh sweating corne The floore to thresh corâe vpon Wheat Garners Wynowing of Corne. Rie To crop or gather Maslin ãâã ãâã bread Mundified Barley How Barley ought to bee sowne Iunames Barley Malt. Oats Oat-meale Grauell Water distilled of Oats Oyle and cakes of Sesame Wherefore Lupines are good Wormes in little children The cause why there are manie fooles when Beanes flower The seed of hempe To make hens lay egs To make white threed Oyle of lin-seed ãâã Lentils Milleâ Lupines To make choist of your corne Good corne Corn of Beauce Corn of France To keep Meaâe Mill-dust Barley meale Polenta The meale of Rice and Oats Oâtmeale Ricemeale Bread of corne growing in Beauce Bread made of the corne of France Bread made of the corne of Brie Bread of Picardie Bread made of the corne which was growne in Campaigne Bread made of meslin Barley bread Bread of milles Bread made of rie Bisket Spiced bread Bread of milke Omais replâtio mala panis autem pessima Bread made of the whole flower Bread of the flower of meale Bread of bran Soft bread Bisket The markâs and signâs of good bread Crust of bread The quantitiâ of bread that is to be eaten Washed bread March-panes Tarts Beere rising The faults of beere The temperatuâe of beere The faâting of ãâã and capons Toothach To scoure vessel The Parisians negligent ouerseers and husbandes about their vines Two things to be considered in the planting of vines âhat aire is fit and requiâit for the Vine ãâ¦ã Vines after the fashion of an arbour How to trie what wine the ground will best beaâe To manurâ viâes is a dangerous thing The choice of young vine plants ãâã Cheualiers The manner of plaÌting of vines in Languedoc and Prouence The oliue tree is no hinderancâ to the vine To plant the marquot To âause the new plant to take root verie speedily That nothing must be sowne amongst the Vines That vines must not be planted of diuers plants To put vnqueÌcht lime to the roots of vines The qualities of bad vine dressers Foure sorts of the blacke Vine There be three sorts of the Morillion There bee three sorts of the Samoyâeaâ Neraut Bourgâignon Frumenteau Mauscadet Pinet of Aniou Gouest The Burguignon The Foirard The Mesâier Three sorts of Mâsââer The Bourdelais To dung the young vine To prune and ãâã the new vine To digge and turne ouer the ground after the first manner and fashion To dig it after the second manner and fashion Propagâtion the third manner and fashion of vines dressing The propagate vines The secând dressing of the vine The third dressing of the vine The conclusion of the three sortâ of ââessing due to the vine To graft vines Aboundance of grapes Abundance of wine The âreacle vinâ The laxatiue Vine To plant a Vine whose wine shal procure sleepe Grapes without kernels Grapes in the Spring To make a Vine to bud early Clustârs bearing both redde and white grapes To keepe grapes To gard the Vine from the ârost The blasting of vines Against mist and fogs To make the barren vine fruitfull The withered vine Remedies for the weeping of the vine The scattering vine The vine that is too full of branches Withering grapes The rotting of grapes The byting of the oxe or cow Against caâârpillers and lice Against locusts Agaiâst the âouse-like beast alled a Shrew Pismires That Colewortâ are hartfull to vines The gathering of the fruit of vines To know when grapes are ripe The time and houre of gathering grapes The dutie of grape gathetherers Treaders of grapes What time Wines must worke together after they be troden Vessels to put Wine in The couching of the Wine in the Cellar What maner of Cellar must be prouided Wine âpt to be infected The wine in the midst of the vessell is the best The time to pearce wines according to those of auncient time The way to pearce wines To tast wine At what time and how wine is to be tasted To giue venâ