side whence rises one or two naked stalks five or six inches high bearing at the tops divers smal flowers like Auricula's but hang their heads of a dark purple with a smal white eye and some threds in the middle seeding like Auricula's the root a thick tuft of small whitish strings fastned to a head the leaves perish and renew at spring t is raised by feed set in a pot and ordered in the winter as the last Corona-Imperialis The Crown Imperial of which tho Mr. Woldridge gives his opinion in these words they are but dull flowers There is no sound Florist of his Judgment it being the most stately majestically graceful of any plant in being It hath a large round yellow root scenting like a Fox from whence springs a strong tall stalk adorned up to the middle thereof with long shining green leaves from thence to the top Scepter like is naked bearing there a tuft of smaller green leaves under them seven eight nine or ten flowers according to the age of the root hanging down round about the stalk each flower fashioned like a Lilly consisting of six leaves on the dark stalk of an Orange colour with deeper coloured veins on the outside on that part next the stalk are eminences or bunches each leaf one containing in the inside of them drops of sweet tasted clear water pearl like each flower in the middle having a stile compassed with six white chives and tipt with yellow pendents upon a stalk of the same colour Corona Imperialis Flore multiplici The double Crown Imperial differing only in the doubleness of the flower from the last having constantly fifteen or more leaves in a flower as many flowers in the head and longer lasting than the single the tuft on the top bigger the single one is common yet no dull flower this is of more esteem and a gallant plant deserving it a good encreaser Flore luteo The yellow Crown Imperial differing only from the first described single one in its flowers being of a fair yellow colour on a stalk green as its leaves by which t is known in its coming up this is a tenderer plant than the other and more rare and esteemable a very slow encreaser I have one as double of this kind as the double Orange coloured one which must be the rarest of its species Tho this year from an old root that bore constantly single Orange coloured flowers came some of them double and others striped with yellow from the seed of which I doubt not but to raise some fine variety These flower in the end of March and beginning of April they are encreased by offsets that yearly come from the old roots which lose their fibres as often and may be taken up after the stalks are dryed down which will be in June and kept out of the ground till August at which time they must be set again the double Orange coloured and the yellow shew finely intermixed and very well become the middle of a flower-pot The double bear seeds and from the common single one small hopes the seeds of the yellow when attainable for 't is a nice plant seldome offsetting and as seldome seeding give the greatest expectations when sown of new varieties Great stately plant of most Majestick form The Gardens of the ingenious dost adorne That King-like stands superiour to the rest Esteemed right by a right knowing breast Crowned with thy own worth as well as flowers Detracting pens nere pierce thy regal Towers But their discretion whilst they are speaking things Are mean of Crowned flowers as well as Kings In this month of April appears the double flowered Cherry in blossom graft this and the Flanders cluster Cherry on the same block to which set and spread against a wall each mixed will shew well and create wonder in some Syringa laciniatis foliis sive gelsiminum persecum The blew Syringa with cut leaves or Persian Jasmine in this season flowers it comes up with many small woody branches beset with fine green leaves small long cut in and divided almost to the middle rib some into three small leaves on a side and a larger at the point others into two some but one on each side and the bigger at the end at the end of the branches come forth the flowers many together fashion'd like those of the ordinary blew Syringa or Lilac but smaller and of a finer purplish blew colour and better scented and is encreased by laying down the branches or by cuttings apt enough to root and thrive Lylac five Syringa Flore caeruleo The blew Syringa or Pipe tree is too common to describe it but there are other kinds of it that are worth our notice and collection viz. that which is snow white another silver colour i. e. white with a light wash of blew the last with fair purple coloured flowers growing more upright bearing more and fairer flowers on one branch than any of the former all flowring in this month they must yearly be discharged of their suckers lest they choake the Tree and kill it or cause it not to bring forth flowers they are all hardy plants except the white which is more tender and would be planted against a Wall Hypericum frutex Woody Saint Johns woort hath two hundred and three or more woody stalks rising about a yard high beset at certain distances with tufts of small green leaves and amongst them in the end of this month many small flowers white and a little purple in the middle a pretty plant endures the Winter and is encreased by layers Laurus Tinus The wild bay spread on a Wall grows five or six foot high full of branches at every joynt two smooth longish dark green coloured leaves at the top of the branches come forth great tufts of small white flowers with blush edges succeeded by small blew berries wherein the seeds are contained there 's another called Laurus Tinus Folio glabro differs only from the other in that the leaves are larger of a brighter green fairer flowers bigger and whiter than the former Laurus Tinus Lusitanica The wild Bay of Portugal hath leaves harder fuller of veins of a brown green colour the flowers inclining to purple the berries like but smaller than the former I place these in this Month ' cause now in their greatest beauty tho they flower not till winter Ornithogalum Luteum The yellow Starr of Bethlehem rises at first with one long round greenish leaf which openning a little above the ground yeildeth another small leaf shorter than the first whence rises a stalk four or five inches high bearing at the top four or five small leaves and among them four or five small yellow star-starlike flowers a small greenish line down the backs of the leaves and some small reddish threds in the middle small round white and clear root tho each year loses it fibres yet will not abide but little time out of the ground this may be set amongst other tender roots that
born a hundred flowers of a yellowish Orange-colour with small black specks on the inside fashion'd like the red Martagon of Constantinople but smaller There is also the yellow Martagon without spots and the yellow spotted Martagon but of no great esteem and onely for variety admitted as some of the others are your choicest is that of Canada and Virginia and must be planted in the richest and hottest earth you can get in boxes or pots to be so housed as to be kept from freezing in the winter The Lilies and most of the Martagons flower in June but the Martagon of Pompony first in the end of May that of Constantinople about the beginning of July the Virginian last in August All except what before-mentioned very hardy Plants increase but too fast by the roots which hold their fibres and therefore like not often removing but when occasion fer it the best time when their stalks dryed down for then the roots have fewest fibres the roots ought to be set five inches deep in the Earth that should be every year uncover'd tâ— the bottoms that without stirring the fibres of the old roots the young ones may be parted from them and they only remain with new rich earth put to them and cover'd which will much advantage the fairness and number of their flowers your young roots disposed in some other place convenient considering the height they grow to and great increasing not keeping them out of the ground The Moly in this season is in flower from the beginning to the end of the Month chiefly Moly Homericum The great Moly of Homer that riseth up with two or three great thick long hollow leaves of a whitish green colour like the Tulip-leaves from amongst which the stalk rises above a yard-high naked round and smooth bearing on the top a great Umbel or Tuft of small star-like purplishflowers upon equal-footed stalks which continue long before the decay the root big and white and of the smell of Garlick Moly Indicum The Indian Moly hath shorter though broader leaves than the former the stalk not so high as its leaves without any flowers bearing a cluster of reddish scaly bulbs each as big as an Acorn standing on foot-stalks which set will bring Plants of the same kind great white Root covered with a dark-colour'd Coat little increasing under ground Moly Montanum Pannonicum The Moly of Hungary of two sorts the first hath three or four long and broad green leaves carried up with the stalk a foot high one above another beset at the top with some reddish bulbs with long foot-stalks with flowers of a pale purple fashioned like Homers Moly the root small and apt to increase the second like the first but the green leaves smaller the stalk bearing a greater cluster of dark green bulbs flowers alike in fashion colour and in a manner of growing the root wearing a dark purple-coat Moly Serpentinum Serpents Moly like the former but more beautiful the bulbs on the head of a lower stalk are redder the small green leaves twine and crawl like a Serpent therefore so named the root small and round increasing into many smaller ones no bigger than pease Moly Montanum flore luteo The yellow Moly when it flowers hath two long and broad leaves otherwise but one near the bigness of a Tulip between which cometh up a slender stalk bearing at the top a tuft of yellow star-like flowers greenish on the back with yellow threds in the middle whitish Root apt to increase smelling strong as the flowers and leaves do of Garlick Moly Montanum latifolium Hispanicum The Spanish purple Moly hath two long broad leaves betwixt which rises the stalk two foot high bearing at the top many star-star-like flowers of a decayed purple-colour with threds of the same tipt with yellow yielding near the ground bulbs by which they are increased having no scent of Garlick in any part Moly Pyxidatum argenteum Hispanicum The silver-cupped Spanish Moly with two or three long rushlike leaves passing away when the stalk at its height which is a yard or more bearing a great head of flowers which at length spread much open and grow long on foot-stalks of a silver-colour with lines on both sides the leaves fashioned small and hollow like a Cup white and clear root apt to increase without any ill scent in any part Moly Dioscorideum Dioscorides his Moly from a transparent root covered with a thick yellow skin springs up three or four narrow grassy leaves with a stalk foot and half high bearing at the top a tuft of milk-white flowers like those of Ramsons with a little scent of Garlick there is another lesser the flower-leaves rounder pointed these last and the yellow are too common for a good Florists Collection Moly Muscatum Monspeliense The sweet Moly of Montpelier hath four or five small leaves no bigger than Bents-stalks foot high bearing many star-like sweet flowers which if the season hot smell like Musk small root and tender requiring defence from winter-frosts this last flower not till September They all loose their fibres and may be taken up when the stalk dryed down thriving well in any Soil great increasers standing long unremoved they will last long in flower-pots if the water renewed and are preserved more for variety than for their smell or beauties-sake Asphodelus The Asphodil also bears star-like flowers as the great white branched the white unbranched the blush-colour'd the great white striped the little hollow white Asphodil and the small yellow flowers of small worth therefore only named as another kind called the Lilly Asphodil having sedgy leaves and roots many of which not the least valuable except the Lilly Asphodil with a white flower and the blush Lilly Asphodil which may be entertained As also Phalangium Spider-wort the Savoy and Italian are onely fit for your choice which flower about the beginning of June and are hardy Plants live and thrive in any Soil but best in that which is moist as the Lilly-Asphodils their time of transplanting in August parting the Roots and presently setting them again More ado about them not worth while Gladiolus Corn-flag fit for by or out-borders because of their rambling with broad long stiff green leaves full of Ribs coming out by the side of the other and joyned at the bottom the Stalk rising from among them bearing many Flowers one above another standing all one way like the Fox-gloves As Gladiolus Bizantius the Corn-flag of Constantinople with Flowers of a deep red with two white spots within the mouth of every Flower round and flat Root netted over gives many off-sets if long unremoved Gladiolus flore suave rubente The Corn-flag with a bright red Flower Gladiolus flore albo The Corn-flag with a white Flower There are several others but one that 's fit to be retain'd amongst the before-mention'd because of its colour and that is the French Ash-colour'd Corn-flag These several coloured ones set thick and intermixed when the blow makes a
Fraxinella flore albo Bastard-Dittany with a white flower its stalk and leaves of a fresher green the flowers white and not so big as the other There is two other sorts the one Ash-colour the other raised from the seeds of this of a bleak blue colour striped with a deeper less in all its parts than any of the other all of them continue in flower from this month till the end of July the seed ready to gather the end of August which will be all lost without care taken to prevent it by the spring of the Pods 'T is a hardy Plant endures long without removing yields many new ones which ought to be taken from the old root the beginning of March they are raised with Varieties by their seeds sowed in rich Earth as soon as they are ripe especially of the deep red white and Ash-colour Cistus Mas The Male Cistus a small shrubby Plant about yard high with many brittle slender woody branches cover'd with a whitish bark on which many long whitish green leaves hardish in handling two at every joynt with flowers in this month coming forth at the end of the branches three or four together upon slender foot-stalks each of five small round leaves like a small single Rose of a fine reddish purple with many yellow threads in the middle that soon fall away and are succeeded by round hard hairy heads containing small brown seeds Cistus Ledon The Gum Cistus rises higher spreads more than the former with many blackish woody branches set with long narrow dark green leaves whiter on the back-sides two at each point the whole dewed with a clammy sweet moisture but more in hotter Countries than in ours which artificially taken off is the black sweet Gum call'd Ladanum at the top of the branches stand single white flowers larger than those of the former like single Roses with five leaves having at the bottom a dark purple spot broad below and pointed upwards with yellow threads in the middle which past corner'd heads succeed containing like the former small brownish seeds These Plants continue flowering from May to September are raised from seeds the Plants endure not cold but must be housed in winter Ficus Indica minor The Indian Fig consists of leaves springing one out of another from one leaf put half into the Earth which takes root and puts out others these leaves are a finger thick flat and round-pointed of a pale green colour which shews at first of brown prickles on the upper side at the tops of the leaves in this month break out the flowers set with two rows of pale yellow leaves with a yellow thrum tipt with red in the middle after the flower 's past the head they stood on grows bigger in form of a Fig but never comes with us to perfection This is planted in pots and housed in Winter or else the frosts will rot and destroy it There is also Canna Indica The Indian flowering Reed with fair large green leaves coming from the joynts of the stalks which is above yard high bearing at the top one above another divers flowers like in shape to the Corn-flag of a bright crimson colour succeeded by three square heads containing seeds which are round and black about a Pease bigness it hath a white tuberous root whereby it is aptly increased There is another of this kind with flowers yellow with reddish spots These Plants must be set in large boxes in good earth often water'd and housed in Winter for one nights frost destroys them Helleborus albus The white Hellebore comes up with a great round head of a whitish green colour opening into many beautiful large green leaves eminently plaited throughout and compassing each other at the bottom out of them the stalk riseth a yard high with small leaves to the middle thereof whence divided into many branches bearing a multitude of small star-Star-like yellowish green-colour'd flowers the roots thick and big at the head with divers great white strings running deep in the ground Helleborus albus flore atro rubente The white Hellebore with a dark red flower differs from the last in that it comes up a month before the other larger leaves smaller and finer plaited flowers less of a dark red and is a fine Plant the roots of both these and the black that flowers at Christmas are hardy abide long unremoved therefore at first ought to be set in good ground There is the Ladies Slipper small white and purple Hellebore but onely the two white and the black worth our collecting Trachelium Americanum sive planta Cardinalis The Cardinals flower hath many leaves like Canterbury-bells but lesser of a yellowish green colour from whence rises tall hollow stalks set with leaves smaller by degrees to the top from the bosoms whereof come forth the flowers made of five long narrow leaves three of them standing close together hanging downright the other two are turned up with an umbone betwixt them of a paler colour than the leaves which are of an excellent rich crimson colour the root is compacted of very many white strings and well looked to abides many years There is another with blue flowers lately come from Virginia This must be planted in a Pot in good rich light Earth and when Winter begins to grow sharp set the Pot in the ground under a South-wall three inches deeper than the top and clothe it about on the top with dry Moss covered with a glass which take off in warm days and gentle showers to refresh it which must be observ'd in April at which time you may take out the Pots and expose them safely JVLY CAryophyllus hortensis called July-flowers from the month they blow in and are indeed the Summers glory as Tulips the pride of Spring deserving a Flowerists care in their propagation and preservation especially the nobler sorts which are called Dutch July-flowers or more vulgarly Carnations raised from seeds in the Netherlands and other parts adjoyning to the Sea and thence conveyed to us Our inland endeavours to raise them seldom countervail our trouble none or very few raising good ones that have not the neighbourhood of the Sea which annually produce new mixtures though seldom new colours and though their dyes not many as red purple scarlet tawny and white and of those deeper or paler yet so recompensing that defect in their delicate variegations various mixtures and pleasing scents as to vie with any species whatsoever considering the usefulness of some of them as the best Cordials extreamly comforting the noblest part of man the heart either in the Conserve of the Cloves made with Sugar or in Syrups the single colours as flowers little esteemed in comparison of those striped flaked or powder'd upon white or blush with darker or lighter red crimson or carnation sadder or brighter purple deeper or paler scarlet so that the chief July-flowers may be brought under these four sorts Red and White Crimson and White Purple and White and Scarlet and
that they may be shifted in the Summer into the shade in the Winter into the Sun and either transplanted into fresh mould every year or in August when you divide the roots take away some of the old and put new mould to them When you set them open a wide hole leaving a rising in the middle place the root thereon and spread every fibril round about it as not to crush one another they will the better draw their nourishment and flourish accordingly then cover them with earth and soundly doust them with water which will save you much pains afterwards needing no more unless in a very dry time preserve them as much as you may from winters wet if cold they endure well enough But house them not for they are better pleas'd with the open air or the raising of new varieties after the flowers past when the stalks begin to turn yellow the seed at the top will be near ripe therefore carfully observe the round seed vessel if you find in it a small hole and black gather it lest the seeds fall out and be lost before you are aware As soon as you see it thus ready cut the stalks gently that you flirt not out the seed the best being at the top and will fly away first keeping the tops upright for that reason tie them in that position together with a paper loose about them but fastned with the stalks at the bottome that any seeds coming out may be saved therein an ounce of which being worth a pound of what is forced out Set them up against a sunny window tying them for security to the bars thereof and what are not the Sun will there ripen About the first day of September having boxes of eight or ten inches deep what square or length you please proportion'd to the quantity of seed you have fill them half full of fine fifted rich and light earth rotted Cow dung and sandy earth proportionably mixed which gently prest down with a broad Truel leaving its surface smooth on which sift through a fine five willow earth a finger and half or more thick as equal as you can leaving it light and unpressed then having separated your seeds from their husks or crumbebs with a Sive that seeds will but just pass through you may wait for a drizling or small rain sow your seeds in your prepared boxes or cases or pots and set them out in such rain without covering them with any earth for the rain will drive the seeds as far as necessary into the fine sifted light mould always observing in what seeds soever the smaller it is the finer the earth must be that it is sowed in and that they may be rather choaked or buried by too much covering than receive prejudice by none at all which caut on none yet have publisht in Auricula's a fault by which many as well as my self have lost both our time seeds pains and expectations After you have thus sown your Auricula seeds let them stand all Winter in a free air and Sun at the beginning of April remove them into the shades for then they will begin to spring and peep at which time one hot Glem of the Sun destroys them let them continue so posited give them some gentle waterings till they arrive to some considerable bigness then transplant those of them that grow too thick but dextrously into a prepared bed for them half a foot a funder or eight inches where they ought to remain till they come to bear flowers the rest may continue in your boxes till the time you intend to sow more in their places after the former directions some will bear by that time they rest the Spring following be sure the ground you transplant them in be rich and good and that your expectations may not be frustrated let your seeds sown be gathered from good flowers such that have good white eyes that will not wash let the other colours be what they will except the yellow and your hopes may be the higher if in their flowring any new faces appear your pains are rewarded the rest that derogate are only fit for pleasing small friends or perhaps as good throw away See how the Bears Eares in their several dresses That yet no Poets pen to hight expresses Each head adorned with such rich attire Which Fools and Clowns may slight whilst skil'd admire Their gold their purples scarlets crimson dies Their dark and lighter hair'd diversities With all their pretty shades and Ornaments Their parti-colour'd coats and pleasing scents Gold laid on scarlet silver on the blew With sparkling eyes to take the eyes of you Mixt colours many more to please that sense Other with rich and great magnificence In double Ruffs with gold and silver laced On purple crimson and so neatly placed Ransack Flora's wardrobes none sure can bring More taking Ornaments t' adorn the spring Dens Caninus Dogs Tooth or Dogs tooths violet its spotted roots and leaves manifest it a kind of Satyrian but of more beauty and rarity the stalk half a foot high bearing one flower hanging down the head with six narrow long leaves which like the Cyclamen turn up again to the stalks shewing a three forked stile of white colours beset with six chives tipt with purple pendents rooted long and white like a dogs tooth whence so named of which there is these sorts Dens Caninus Flore albo Dogs tooth with a white flower Dens Caninus Flore purpurescente with a purple flower Dens Caninus Flore rubro Dogs tooth with a red flower Dens Caninus Flore luteo Dogs tooth with a yellow flower and deserves our entertainment flowering in the end of Maroh or beginning of April They affect not a dunged soil but good fresh earth and therein to be planted in August ere they put forth new fibres for tho they lose the old they quickly recover new ones therefore keep them not long out of the ground and when set defend them from rain for a fortnight for much will rot and moil them they are very slow encreasers and but seldome with us APRIL Auricula flore coeruleo folio Boraginis THe Burrage-leav'd blew Auricula hath rough hairy leaves spread on the ground like Burrage but much lesser and rent in the sides in some places among which rises up one two or more brown hairy stalks five or six inches high each bearing at the top three or four flowers of five leaves large sharp pointed of a fair rich blew colour some small yellow threads in the middle the root long and brownish with many small fibres 'T is a tender Plant impatient of Cold must be planted in a pot and handled as the Flos Cardinalis is directed to be ordered in the latter end of what is described under the Title June Cortusa Matthioli Bears Ear Sanicle springs up with folded leaves openings are fair and broad cut in divisions nicked about the edges a little hairy dark green on the upper but whiter on the other
seldom encrease by roots therefore raised by seeds the head or Vessel that contains them after the flowers are past shrinketh down winding the stalk in a scroul about it and lieth on the ground hid under the leaves where it groweth great and round containing some small seeds which must be sown as soon as ripe in good light earth in Pots or Boxes and cover'd near a finger thick after they are sprung up and the small leaves dried down put some more of the same earth upon them and after the second year remove them to convenient distances abou Nine inches asunder where they may stand and bear flowers and probably may yield you some variety either in flower shape or marking of their Leaves Thlaspi Creticum or Candy Tufts an Annual are now in their prime and begin to blow in July they are small plants about a foot high their stalks set with long narrow notched whitish green leaves at the top stand many small single flowers set close together in some all white some have a purplish spot in the middle others are all of a pale purple colour the seeds are small and reddish their roots yearly perishing and must be yearly sowed in April almost any ground will serve their turn Lathirus Latifolius the everlasting Pease now flourishes bearing many large Pease like Blossoms of a purplish red colour standing on long foot stalks the Haum rises high and must be so planted as to be born up it dies to the ground in Winter and rises again at Spring in September its Cods will be ripe filled with small Pease which must be sowed or set at Spring and allowed two or three years ere they grow strong enough to bear flowers There is a blew one that is more rare and continues as long Flos Africanus the African and by some called the French Marigold There are several varieties thereof the best whereof are Flos Africanus maximus multiplex The greatest double African or French Marigold having many winged leaves purled about the edges of a dark green colour the stalk rising about a yard high divided towards the top into many Branches each branch bearing one large double flower of a fair gold yellow colour on the upperside and paler underneath there are diversities sometimes comes from the seeds of the same flower some paler than others rising out of a large Pod wherein after the flowers past are contain'd long narrow black seeds from which the several varieties are raised some coming with large single flowers with a thrum in the middle tho they seed from double ones Flos Africanus fistuloso flore multiplex the hollow leav'd African Marigold the flowers thick and double composed of many hollow leaves opening at the end in some of a deep in others of a paler yellow colour Flos Africanus minor flore pleno The lesser double French Marigold smaller than either of the former the stalks not so strong but twining several ways the outward leaves sometimes bigger than the rest and of a deeper and sadder colour they flower in August the roots perishing with the first frosts and are yearly renewed by seeds sowed in April in a Hot Bed but sow not any seeds fom single flowers but from the first of the double ones after they are come up to some strength remove them into a rich soil that lieth to the Sun where being water'd they prosper and bear large and stately Flowers as broad as the palm of any hand or as big thick and double and shaped like the red Belgick Rose Nasturtium Indicum Indian Cresses or yellow Larks heel spread into many long trailing branches four or five foot long which unless supported lie on the ground and take up a great deal of room smooth leaves and round the Flowers of a fair yellow colour shaped something like a single Larks heel but the leaves stand plainer and some of them streaked with red the seeds rough and uneven falling off themselves and are to be gather'd off the ground the root dying in Winter sow them in April on a hot Bed or otherways which may be removed into good Earth having the advantage of the Sun and craggy poles or sticks of a yard and half high to lead up their wiery Branches which guided up by your hand to the top when in flower make a glorious shew The Blossoms gather'd before the Winter and pickled up with Vinegar and Sugar is an excellent and rare Sallet Mirabilia Peruviana the Marvel of Peru hath a big stalk bunched at the joints spreading into many branches set at the joints with fair green leaves betwixt which and the stalk come forth the flowers on short foot stalks fashion'd like those of the lesser blew Bindweed narrow at the bottoms and wide open at the brims of which several kinds white red or yellow but the rarest are those with variegated Flowers red and white or red and yellow all but the white kind flowr'd plentifully with me this year and these like the Bindweed open in the Night and as soon as the Sun shines upon them the brims shrink inward and wither away and seldom thefore seen but late in the Evenings or Mornings for which reason by some called the Flowers of the Night after the blossoms are past they are succeded each by one seed about the bigness and colour of a black Pease the roots long like a Reddish black on the outside commonly perishing in the Winter They Flower from the beginning of August till Winter Frosts destroy them The seeds are set the beginning of April in a Hot Bed and thence removed into rich earth where they may have the benefit of the Sun if any flower not the first year lay Horse Litter or Dung on them before the Frosts and so cover'd all Winter they will flower the sooner the year following and the roots of your best kinds when done Flowering taken up and dried and each wrapped in Woollen rags and kept from moisture all Winter being set in the earth the beginning of March will in their due seasons bear Flowers Amaranthus Flower gentle by some called Princes Feather of which the greater and the lesser and of each diversity Amaranthus purpureus major the great purple Flower Gentle hath a thick and tall stalk with many large green leaves the stalk divided into many branches bearing long spikes of round hairy Tufts of a reddish purple colour divided into several parts wherein are contained a great many when full ripe of small white seeds of this there are many kinds bigger and lesser some purple mixed with green some all whitish green colour c. Amaranthus purpureus minor The lesser purple Flower Gentle hath yellowish green leaves a little reddish broad at the stalk and sharp pointed set with these leaves the stalk rises two foot high branched at the top bearing long soft and gentle tufts of hairs standing like a Pyramis of a deep shining murrey purple lasting so many months after it is gather'd the seeds are
them or Geese and Ducks swimming 't is so much the better Water all seeds with the smallest or rain-rain-like drops you can and not too much at a time or to fiercely lest you discover them For Flowers and Plants whose leaves lie on the ground water them at some distance by making a hollow Circle about the plant and pouring water into it by which means you avoid annoying the leaves by discolouring water or chilling the roots by too suddain coldness Use not any Liquors for watering either naturally hot as Spirits or artificially made so by heating over the Fire In Summer time or all warm Seasons the Evening is best for watring because the Water will have time to sink into the Earth and the Plant attract it before the Suns heat exhales it But in Winter or cold Weather the Morning is the most proper time that the superfluous moisture may be evaporated ere the cold Night overtake you and I hill perhaps kill a tender Plant. A Plant that delights in moisture or a drooping Plant that you think water will preserve may be watred by filtration i. e. set an earthen or wooden Vessel on a Brick full of Water near your Plant that all the Water may be higher than the Earth wet a thick woollen List put one end with a Stone or bit of Lead to it into the Water that it may keep to the bottom lay the other end on the Ground near the Root of the Plant and the Water will distil out of the Boul or Pot through the List because that part of it out of the Pot of Water hangs lower than that within c. All sorts of fibrous Roots are assured in their growth by convenient watring but for bulbous and tuberous Roots the Gardiners hand ought to be more sparing To know the particular Flowers that will alter for the best Experience gives us this Truth that such Flowers as differ in number of leaves in shape in colours the Seeds of such will produce Flowers much different from the ordinary kind of Flowers tho produced all of one Flower but a year or two before Nay a particular Flower among many other of one Plant shall bring more double ones than twenty others that are not qualified as it and is or ought to be known to all that raise Flowers as for Example the Stock-Gilly flower that hath five six or more leaves the Seed of such a particular Flower or Flowers will produce more double ones than those Plants that bring forth but four leaves quantity for quantity of Seed twenty for one This Flower indeed shews it more than any other I know for having no Thrum in the middle as many others have Nature hath given it this sign to inform us that those that have a leaf or leaves added to it more than its usual kind will bring forth those with many leaves and make a fine double Flower which when it hath attain'd to it then is come to the bounds of Nature it neaver beareth Seeds more but by endeavouring blows it self to death If you be curious as Florists ought to be you may observe the same Rule in several other Flowers that have no Thrum in the middle as Auricula's Primroses Wall-flowers Campians c. When you find one or more leaves than your ordinary number you may conclude there Nature hath set one step forward in altering from the ordinary kind There a Lover of Plants should be diligent and whensoever you see your Mistress Nature for Florists are her Servants step out of door like Gentleman-Usher wait upon her to her journeys end For 't is on the diligent she bestows her favours Those Flowers also which bear Seeds when double as the Gillyflower Affrican c. sowing the Seeds of such double Flowers they will bring you more and better flowers a hundred to one than single ones and in sowing the Seed of such you shall have several varieties but most marked with the colour of the Mother-Plant and some of these will run as it were beyond the limits of Nature and then they will break or have Pods in the middle and then never bear seed more July-flowers have also their sign which will bear Seed and which will not Those that will bring seed if weather and other accidents hinder not have their Horns in the middle of the Flower It is observed also in the marking of flowers that the seed of those that be striped shall bring the most striped ones and some of different colours and stripes their seed all alike There 's Places of sowing and setting Now care must be had in sowing seed or at least in setting where you intend that they shall thrive that the ground bear the best proportion that may be to the places and the particular Minera Vein or Nature or quality of the places where such Plants in other parts used to grow not to put mountainous Plants in low and moist grounds c. For Bogg-Plants require when they be transplanted into Gardens either a natural or artificial Bogg or to be placed near some water by which there is great improvement of all sorts of Flaggs and particularly Calamus Aromaticus the Aromatical Reed The Artificial Bog is made by digging a hole in any stiff clay ground or there may be Clay brought in and laid to bind the Hole or Pit in the bottom or floor and the fides likewise so thick that the moisture may not be able to get through and fill'd with such Earth and water tho I would have the Earth richer as may make a like consistence to the Bogg where the Plants you set in it did at first and naturally grow Requisites for the manner of laying 1. To laying 't is necessary that in its due season you cut the thing you lay after the manner you cut July flowers in laying them unless in some Plants that take any way as Vines and it is so much the better if in Roses and other Layers of a woody substance with an Aul you prick the Stock at the place laid as it is done by circumposition that is the Mould is born up to the Bough which is to be taken off which is done in the Spring before the Saprises in February or beginning of March 2. During the time of Drought water continually i. e. every day otherwise they will make no exact Roots only a Knob or Button full of fresh Sap upon the Tongue of the Cut in the Branch laid down yet those Branches cut off with watering in the Summer have grown well enough after their transplantation 3. The Seasons most fit for this operation are in the beginning of Spring or declension of the torrid or greaer heat of Summer that they may enjoy the moisture of such Seasons most proper for the enticing forth of Roots and most safe from excessive heat or cold Of making of Sets by Art Nature usually provides this way of propagation without the Wit or Industry of Man called to her assistance but
big proportionable to the leaves of the flower but of a deeper yellow colour Narcissus juncifolius Luteus flore pleno the double Junq or rush Daffodil in all parts like the common one only the flower of these are thick and double of several rowes of leaves with the pieces of their Cups betwixt every row of bigger leaves all of a fair yellow colour There are some Indian Daffodils with many Lilly like reddish flowers on a stalk some blush flowers another scarlet root and flower others purplish but shall be no farther noticed since not to be courted to abide on too Northern climate I shall next mention the great Sea Daffodil and then pass to the bastard Daffodils Narcissus Marinus five tertius Mathiolis the great Sea Daffodil or Mathiolus his third Daffodil hath a root far bigger than any of the rest leaves generally six of a whitish green as thick and broad again as any other but not so long as some of them from their middle and sides comes up one sometimes two or three great stalks foot high at shortest bearing at the Top ten or twelve sometimes more flowers on a stalk each of six spread white leaves with a white short Cup or Crown in the middle lying flat on the leaves divided into six corners thence cometh forth white threds turning up the ends and some other white threds in the middle tipt with yellow pendents seldome springing till April flowers not till May ends or the beginning of June this ought to be planted under a South Wall and needs not removing of twenty years if at any time set again presently Pseudo Narcissus aureus Hispanicus maximus the great yellow Spanish bastard Daffodil the root affects to be set deep in the ground whence springs many thick leaves and stiff of a grayish green colour stalk three foot high bearing one large yellow flower standing forth from the stalk of six short yet something broad leaves and a great trunk in the middle a little crumpled wide open at the mouth turning up the brims Pseudo Narcissus Hispanicus flore albo major the great white Spanish Bastard Daffodil less in all its parts than the former yellow one bearing one Milk white flower hanging down the head of the fashion of the former there are two white Spanish ones of this kind more but are lesser Pseudo Narcissus Maximus flore pleno the greatest double bastard Daffodil or Tradeskens double Daffodil holding the preemince of all of this kind being the biggest doubtless best formed of all the double Daffodils a great round root with a brown coat that throws up four or five pretty large leaves but not very long of a whitish green stalk about foot high bearing a fair great flower largely spread open containing a multitude of small pale yellow leaves and near as many larger of a deep yellow colour growing in rowes one under another shorter and shorter by degrees to the middle of the flower Pseudo Narcissus Major flore pleno Tuggees great double bastard Daffodil in all parts like the last but not so well spread open nor the Cups broken into such good parting 's fashion'd like Pseudo Narcissus Minor flore pleno the lesser double bastard Daffodil known chiefly by the name of Wilmots Daffodil of a longer shape tho lesser flower seldom opening alike having a great double trunk in some unbroken in others half broken and throwing it self among the other leaves there 's Pseudo Narcissus flore pleno minimus the least double bastard Daffodil or Perkinsons double Daffodil like the last but lesser and of a greenish yellow Pseudo Narcissus Anglicus flore pleno the double English bastard Daffodil the flower double of pale yellow outer leaves parts of the trunk deeper yellow divided in several rowes one within another sometimes the trunk only double and some parts or sides of the flower of a greenish yellow Pseudo Narcissus angusti folii aureus multiplex the golden double narrow leav'd Daffodil bears one double flower of six yellow outer leaves and many smaller of a deeper yellow thick set together in the middle pointing forth different from all the rest as rare and prizable as any Pseudo Narcissus Junci folii albus white bastard Junquilia or rush Daffodil from two or three large green leaves not so round as those formerly mention'd rises a stalk about a foot high bearing one small white flower of six small and short leaves standing about the trunk which is long and very wide open at the brims the utmost small leaves a little greenish the great trunks milk white Pseudo Narcissus Luteus Major the great yellow bastard rush Daffodil differs only in that it is every way bigger trunk longer and of a yellow colour there is two or three of this kind but differ only in their bigness and one flowring a month later than the rest Daffodils in general are hardy great increasers tho some of them are tender as mention'd in their discription and ought to be planted in good earth and warm place as much as may be freed from the Winters annoyance most of them to be taken up in June and kept dry till September and then to be set as Mr. Wolricks advises or under out hedges of your Gardens in borders or Banks made for them To make new varieties you must sow the seeds of the best single ones for the double bear none in September in such places that they may stand two or three years ere removed and then in June taken up but presently set again in good ground at convenient distances till they offer to your Eye which deserve to abide or be thrown away For if but two or three may but one variety your pains not lost The Daffodils are by the curious Whether Legitimate or spurious Accounted beauties in their time Deserving notice in our Rhime But since 't is here so poorly done They hang their heads asham'd to own What so much flats their reputation Such Limping-languide commendation Lest Honour loose with yellow Jealousie Fretting fall to the earth and mourning die In this month of March flowers the double Peach of three or more rowes of leaves of a reddish blush colour seldome succeeded by any fruit AVRICVLA'S Bears ears flowers so much now in esteem and well deserve it for their diversity of Colour and different faces each adding a new grace to its kind nature sporting her self so in their various complexions that we are at a loss to sute names to the several dies they offer to our description either in their self colours strip'd or double flow'rs some of which are striped also and declare their worth by the prizes given for them from one to two three four or five pounds c. a root each year producing new faces from the Seeds sowed of well chosen flowers the best way of performing thereof not till now made publick shall be faithfully shew'd after the descriptions of these five plants as they as flowers offer themselves to our view
row of leaves with a hairy head in the middle of a different colour from the leaves these flowers of divers reds purples scarlets pinks peach white silver or Ash-colour some siriped the best are kept for seed whence new varieties of single and double are produced of the small leav'd Anemonies I will mention as of the broad a few of the best the leaves of which are green divided into several branches each leaf cut and parted in some flowers like the leaves of Parsly in others like Carrets the roots of all Tuberous Anemone tenuifolia flore pleno the double narrow leav'd Anemony Coccineo scarlet Coccineo variegata scarlet variegated with white Coma scarlata the outer broad leaves white Thrum scarlet Sulphureo outer leaves Brimstonish Thrum green Viridante outer leaves Orange tawny Thrum yellowish green Albo maxima the white of Burdeaux greatest white Roseo lively rose colour Roseo variegata like the last but striped with white Rubicante maculato spotted blush with red Purpureo purple or a dark sullen Violet colour Lavendulae colore Lavender colour'd Caeruleo of a fine bright blew Coma purpureo outer leaves white purple Thrum Coma amarantina outer leaves red Thrum dark murrey Another sort of this variegated with white Quinque coloris of five colours outer leaves red thrum purple whence come leaves half way yellow the rest to the end light Crimson the small tuft in the middle of them silver colour'd but this flower is uncertain and seldome cometh well Dicta Bel Lizwaice of a dark purplish colour finely striped with white a noble flower but very tender and must be dealt with accordingly These already named are the best of old tho not common ones There are a newer Fleece of flowers near a hundred sorts of fine varieties of two three and four colours strangely placed About twenty whereof I have now in my Garden many of the rest not yet seen in England Some of them having been rais'd at Rome whose flowers tho not Religion are price and praise worthy with us here The single flowers of this sort viz. narrow leav'd or soft Anemonies are more valued than the broad or hard leaved ones being of greater variety of divers colours whether plain edged marked or striped which on tall stalks bear fair and long flowers of one row of broad leaves with a hairy head in the middle which after the flowers are past grows big and long yielding store of flat brown seeds wrapped in down which must be carefully gather'd as the down rises else they will be blown away The Soil where Anemonies are to be set is a rich sandy loamy Earth wherewith some Neats dung and a little lime that hath lain long together and fully rotted shall be mixed and the whole sifted through a wyre Riddle for that purpose and made into a bed foot deep rather shady than too much in the face of the Sun therein about the end of September place your broad leav'd Anemonies roots half a foot asunder and quarter deep setting that side uppermost where you see the small Eminences that put forth leaves those with small leaves must beset after the same manner but not at the same time for being tenderer Plants ought not to be lodged in the ground till the end of October at soonest lest they rise too early and the Frosts destroy them from which they must be defended by Mats Tilts or Pease Straw which must daily or once in two days a fair season permitting be taken off for an hour two or three as the weather is to air them and prevent mouldiness which will destroy them the broad leaves will come up before Winter the narrow about the end of February or as the mildness of the Winter invites and its severity forbids if March and April prove dry seasons they will require often and gentle watring to make them thrive the better and show fairer flowers than if that pains neglected if they like the Earth they grow in having fair flowers strong stalks and prosper well take them not up till July but if their green leaves few small flowers and short stalks it argues they like not the quarters and that they are famished by the soil being too cold and poor or surfeited by its over heat and rankness the last being most dangerous to them if these signs of distaste appear take them up as soon as the green leaves turn yellow put them into sand and in some dry place for a month and afterwards taken out and kept in Papers in some dry but cool place till their time of planting for should the roots lie in the ground after their fibres be gone if the Earth was too barren they would languish not having received sufficient nourishment from it if too rank or over hot by undigested muck in it they would most of them rot and consume away especially if a rainy season follow For raising new varieties experience yearly acquaints us that some double Latifolia's bear seeds as the double Orange Tawney which sown yield pretty varieties but the purples reds or Crimsons very few or such as draw too near their Original to be call'd new faces only a little deeper or lighter c. but the light colours are preferable as white Ash colour Blush or Carnation light Orange Skie colour and Pink whether single or double if bearing seed so also in the Tenuifolia's The seeds of these flowers will be ready to gather in May earlier or later as they flowr'd which must be done as soon as ripe and not till then which is known by the seed with its woolliness beginning a little to rise of it self at the lower end of the head then must it presently be gathered lest as before hinted the wind carry it all away which a little will do All your seed obtain'd lay it to dry for a week or more then in a Bason or Earthen Vessel rub it with a little sand or dry earth gently to separate the seed from the wool or down that encompass it let the Earth be fine and proportionable to your seed with which you part it from its down which must be stirred or rubbed till there none appears about the Full Moon in July next ensuing let it be sown and so gain a year in its growth on a smooth bed of fine sifted Earth or rather in Pots Boxes or Tubs not too thin for all will not come up then gently sift some fine fresh earth over them half a finger thick is full sufficient for this first covering a month after they are come up Riddle over them again fine light earth to the same thickness in the interim should the Season be dry often gently watering them thus doing you shall have them spring up and grow able before Winter to abide its sharpness of frosts or cold if in their nonage you use some little care to cover them with Pease Straw or such like supported by sticks that it lies not too near or far from them The next
in clogs with many round pieces fastned to the head with smaller strings I shall only name the best double ones Paeonia faemina flore pleno Purpureo the double purple Peony smaller in all its parts than the common red one the leaves of a whiter green those of the flower of a bright shining purple and soon fall Rubescente the double Carnation Peony of a bright shining Carnation colour at the first opening but daily waxing paler till almost white but never falls the leaves but wither on the stalk a great perfection Albicante the double blush or white Peony large flower at first opening tinctured with a light blush but in few daies turns to perfect white and continues so long before it decays and then withers on the stalk and is the best yet come to our knowledge Variegata smaller than the last in all its parts the flower of a fine red striped with white lasts long and falls no leaf These all flower in May and are hardy plants and endure long in the ground without stirring October the only time of removing them and none of those roots will grow but what have Sprouts or Buds at the end or rather top of them except of the double purple each piece thereof will grow so apt to encrease Some years the double ones bring seeds to perfection which sowed very thin in September where they may stand unremoved in the ground two years may produce new varieties I must a little insist on the Hony Suckles and Columbines now in flower tho they are so generally known as to seem needless Of Woodbines the red Italian and the double are the best the first blows in June the double Hony Suckle in this month of May both easily encreased by laying their branches in the ground for if they but fall on the ground of themselves they are apt to root there Aquilegia Columbines the double are of four colours blew white purple and red any of these alone not valued those that are variegated accepted also the double inverted Columbines i. e. with the heels inward various in their colours Double Rose Columbines that have no heels but stand on their stalks like little double Roses The degenerate Columbine like the last but that the leaves which are outermost are much larger than any of'the rest commonly of a greenish purple colour The Virginian Columbine hath small single flowers withlong heels of a yellowish colour shaddowed with red with deeper red spots in the hollow parts of the flower each flow'ring in the end of May when few other flowers shew themselves and therefore entertain'd all bearing seeds those flowers that come of a self colour ought to be nipt off and only variegated ones left for seed which sown in April in the Nursery will bear the second year the best whereof remove into your Garden the rest throw away before they drop their seed to incumber your ground with but self coloured or single flowers which will last being but such flowers too many years In this Month also blows the great Cyanus or blew Bottle that is lasting those Annuals shall find another place with the Annuals for description 't is like the Corn flower but much larger and pleasanter the long blew flowers many on a head making a pretty shew not so common as I find some speak it In this Month also blows Os in Thogalum Arabicum the Star-flower of Arabia leav'd like the Oriental Hyacinth on a round green stalk two foot high on long foot-stalks grow divers Orchis sive Satyrium the fly Orchis or Bee-flower-Satyrions grow wild in Meadows and other places yet for their pretty form and beauty acceptable in some parts of a Garden especially the under named Mellita sive apifera the Bee-flower growing about six inches high with three or four narrow green leaves the stalk bears three or four flowers one above another each contains four leaves three small and sharp pointed of a blush colour turning up towards the top of the stalk the fourth is round in form and colour like a Bee that were sucking a flower so as to deceive many that were ignorant in the flower the Roots round two joyned together one of them perishing when the flowers past the other remaining hard and sound Orches Spegodes Gnats Satyrion differs from the last in larger leaves and higher stalks and that the lower or fourth leave of the flower is like a Gnat or long great fly rooted like the Bee-flower Orchis Myodes fly Orchis like the last but lesser having the lower leaf like a fly with legs a list of Ash-clour crossing the back and the lower part black There is also the Butter-fly Orchis the snow-white the all-red the yellow and divers spotted flowring about the middle of May and found wild in many places thence transplanted with a Turf about them into a shady barren place of the Garden for they will not live in a hot good Soil or take a large Turf whence they naturally grow set the herb in your garden shady cut Roundles therein and put in your Orches Roots fill'd up with the same earth in June or July at Spring clip the grass low with Sizzers leaving the flowers which will thus used prosper well Springa sive Gelsiminum Arabicum the double white Pipe-tree or Arabian Jasmine in this Month begins to flower and continues flowering till September be spent and is a rare and tender shrub having many long slender yet stiff woody branches set with fair green leaves and large two standing at each joynt against each other at the end of the branches come forth divers flowers standing on foot-stalks each in a hole like the common white Jasmine containing fair double flowers of round pointed white leaves the middle hollow and yellowish of a strong sweet scent like Orange-flowers 't is a nice Plant requires housing and observance in the Spring Citisus Maranthe Horned-Trefoil its fine Blossoms shew themselves in this season this Tree rises four or five foot high the body seldom bigger than a Mans Thumb covered with a whitish Bark the branches more white the leaves stand three together being less rounder and whiter than the ordinary Laburnums its flowers like Broom of a gold yellow-colour coming forth three or four together at the ends of the branches followed by crooked flat and thin Cods like half-moons it is a tender Plant and so set as to be housed with Greens in the winter not to be increased by Seeds or Layers but by taking off some new slips in June setting them in the shade keeping the earth moist by frequent and gentle waterings Solanum fruticosa Shrub night-shade hath a woody stock and branches about a yard high of a dark Brown colour set with leaves of a sad green the flowers like those of the common night-shade in one white in another of a blew colour one of this kind hath the green leaves variegated with white this is also increased by Layers and Flowers the end of this Month.
a sullen blewish purple with many more which would be but too tedious here to mention therefore end I these sorts with two more rare than the rest Iris bulbosa Augusti folia Elegantissima Persico flore The most Elegant narrow-leav'd bulbous Iris with a Peach-colour'd flower large and long falling leaves with a yellow spot in the midst of them arched leaves also large and the divided ends long and turning up the top-leaves sutably long and large the whole flower except the yellow spot of a fine reddish Peach-colour Iris bulbosa Augusti folia Serpentariacaule The narrow-leav'd bulbous Iris with a spotted stalk the flower stands round and neat and of a reddish murrey-purple except the spot in the falling leaves which is of a deep yellow round at the head and with a small list running under the arched leaves thus the green leaves coming up before winter may be known in that the bottoms of them for an Inch above ground are of a reddish colour full of dark Purple Spots If any wet falls upon these flowers presently after shake it off or the leaves of the flower will soon be spoiled their Roots as the rest loose their Fibres and must be managed after the same manner the Seeds of the best sorts become a Florists pains in sowing for producing varieties the commoner sorts increase fast enough by off-sets the two last are the most tender as they are the best and require to be planted in good fresh earth that is not hot with dung and where they may have the benefit of the Morning Sun onely I forgot to mention the Iris Persica with a Bulbose root a fine flower and known to most florists as also Clusius flower-de-luce both of esteem though old flowers nor shall I give you the Catalogue of Morines a French Florist long since painted of many strange-colour'd Iris which you may find in Mr. Rea's flora indeed worthy the perusal of the curious But come to the flag-leav'd flower-de-luce with Tuberous roots which also are of two sorts Iris Major Iris minor or tall and dwarf or else broad and narrow leav'd flag or sedg flower-de-luce Of these many varieties but I will mention but two or three of the best of each Iris Chalcedonica major the great Chalcedonian Iris or Turkey flower-de-luce by som called the Toad-flag so dark a marbled flower The form is like the rest of the flower-de-luces but that the leaves are broad of a yellowish green folded one within the other at the bottom opening at the top out of the middle whereof rises a stiff stalk near two foot high bearing at the top thereof a large and gallant flower of nine leaves as the rest do the three lower leaves large and broad of a sad purple-colour almost black diversly spotted straked and marked with grayish white colour with a great black freez in the middle of each of them the three arched leaves that cover the small part of these of the same colour and making but a little paler especially towards the sides and ends the three upper leaves also very large marbled like the other but of a brighter colour the roots tuberous thick and long but of a yellower brown colour than the other flag flower-de-luces with great long fibres Iris Chalcedonica minor The lesser Chalcedonian Iris or flag-flower c. differs onely from the former in being lesser in all its parts the leaves of a yellow green the flower darker and not so well marked each flowering in May and are the best kinds of flag-flowers their roots sometimes loose their fibres and then the green leaves die to the ground such as do must be taken up and kept out of the ground till October The best time to transplant them is in August or early in September in fresh soil mixed with well-rotted wood-pile earth but not as some advise under a south-wall for in two days the hot reflexion of the Sun from thence will destroy their flowers but so as to have the morning but not the mid-day scorching Sun Some take them up in June and keep them dry till late in October which as they say makes them the apter to bear flowers There is the flower-de-luce of Asia and of Dalmatia that bear many flowers on a head the first of a deep the last a lighter blew both very sweet scented Iris Lusitanica biflora The twiceflowring Portugal flower-de-luce flowers in Spring and commonly the same year in Autumn and sweeter in scent than any of the former Iris Camerarii purpurea versicolor The variable purple flower-de-luce of Camerarius the three lower leaves of a reddish purple the arched leaves of a bleak yellow shaddowed with purple the three top-leaves of a dull smoaky yellowish purple-colour Iris caerulea versicolor The blew particoloured falls blew at the edges the rest white arched leaves whitish yellow top-leaves pale sky with yellow edges Iris alba versicolor the white variable flower-de-luce rises near yard-high bearing four or five flowers one above another of a silver colour listed with blewish purple down the backs of the top-leaves the lower leaves whipt about the edges with blew the arched leaves of a pale sky-colour more blew towards the ridge Iris Aurea angusti folia Tripolitata The yellow flower-de-luce of Tripoli grows about four foot high bearing two or three long narrow-leav'd gold yellow flowers Clusius narrow-leav'd variable flower-de-luce bears four or five small flowers the lower leaves markt with white and blew arched leaves of a light blew There is great blew bearing many flowers on a stalk also the double narrow-leav'd flower-de-luce blew and white The blush-colour'd dwarf flower-de-luce falling leaves of a reddish purple with blew thrums the arched and top-leaves of a fine pale red or blush-colour Some of these flower in April others in May and some bring forth their flowers not till June they are hardy Plants grow and increase in most places but the better the soil the more they will flourish and are too roomy for a flower-garden fitter for the borders of a fruitapartment the beginning of September the best time for their Transplanting part their Roots set them neither too thick nor too deep Iris like Rainbow several Colours show With ease perswaded to increase and grow Such different faces and complections too None but the matchless Tulip can out-do If Rainbow called Juno's Messenger Then these her flow'rs that of such feature are To please the Goddess ' mongst them never fail To shew more Colours than her Peacocks Tail As the Rainbow succeeding show'rs declare And Peacocks cryes that they are drawing near Iris or flower-de-luce the same descry By drawing in their leaves and closer lye So Peacock Rainbow Iris Flower-de-luce As like in Colours so alike in use And by their different Tinctures colours gay From most of Flowers bear the flag away ROSA THe Rose the divers and excellent kinds thereof are one of the chiefest ornaments that enrich our Gardens of which there are the following sorts
pretty show which is the beginning of July and loose their fibres as soon as stalks dry and may then be taken up and kept out of the ground freed from their many off-sets and in September set again They prosper in any place increase too much Lychnis Champions the best whereof Lychnis Coronaria rubra multiplex The double Red-rose-champion like the single kind so well known needs no description onely the Flowers of this thick and double of the same delicate Velvet red-colour which is in the common single kind Lychnis Coronaria alba multiplex The double White-rose-champion like the last but that the Flowers are more thick and double and rarer than the Red. There is Lychnis Chalcedonica flore simplici The single Non-such Flower of Constantinople or as more commonly known by the name of the Flower of Bristow bearing a great head of many single Scarletflowers Another differing in the colour of the Flowers which is at first of a reddish blush-colour growing paler by degrees so that in one head there will be several shades of blushes Another with Flowers Snow-white But the most valuable is the Lychnis Chalcedonica flore pleno miniato The double rich Scarlet Non-such or Flower of Bristow a lusty strong great double-headed Flower of the richest Scarlet imaginable The Champions flower the end of June and continues till September the several Non-suches the latter end of the same month also The Champions must be planted of slips taken from the old Roots in the end of August that they may root before Winter for if set at Spring they run up to flower and die at Winter as the old Plants are apt to do therefore set Slips every year lest you lose the kind The Non-such are more hardy and prosper worst in a Soil over-hot or too rank they continue long and are increased by taking young Plants from the old Roots Do this in the end of March when they come up with many heads each then divided with some share of the Root will grow and soon come to bear Flowers No doubt but the Seeds of the single kinds sowed as Auricula-seeds being as small may produce new Varieties In this month appears Hesperis sive Viola Matronales Dames Violet or Queens Gilliflower by Country-women call'd Close Sciences two sorts of them common in their Gardens both single one pale-blush the other white the Flower but of four Leaves But the nobler sorts are Hesperis flore pleno alba The double white Queens Gilliflower like the single kinds but that in this there are many Flowers on a branch and on stalks many branches standing thick together in a long spike each Flower thick and double of a pure white colour and sweet scent chiefly in the Evening therefore called Hesperis Hesperis flore pleno purpurascente The double Purplish Queens Gilliflower differs onely from the last in the colour of the Flowers which are of a fine pleasant light reddish purple colour more rare than the double white Hesperis flore pleno variegata The double striped Queens Gilliflower like the last but that the Flowers are finely striped with white and most esteemed There is one that beareth single Flowers thus striped respected for its bearing Seeds which sowed produce Varieties They flower the beginning of June and blow till the end of July easily raised from any slip or branch which set in the ground at Spring shaded and watered will grow but neglect not to nip off the Buds of your under-set Plants as soon as they appear for Flowers otherways they will blow and assuredly die Armerius Sweet Williams Of these and Sweet Johns are several sorts their form too well known to be here described and of each onely the double Sweet Johns and the Velvet Sweet Williams worthy esteem Every slip of them set in the Spring will grow they flower in June and if you keep their Seeds and sow them other Varieties may be gained but let it be done in April they flower not till the second year Speculum Veneris or Venus Looking-glass a pretty Seedling the branches low and tender divided into many parts commonly lying on the ground little leaves slightly nicked on the edges small flowers of a bright Purple-colour tending to blueness with wide mouths having a white chive in the middle that adds much to its beauty the roots very slender and perish when they have perfected their small seeds which sow in April afterwards they will sow themselves and yearly pay you tribute for your first pains in sowing them Hedysarum clypiatum The Red Satten-flower called the French Honey-suckle hath many stalks set with winged green leaves at the joynts come out smaller stalks set with many flowers of a shining red colour in some white which is the rarer After the Flowers past the Seeds are contain'd in flat round Husks three or four standing one above another The second year after their sowing they flower this and the next month and die the Winter following In the beginning of April sow their Seeds Papaver multiplex Double Poppies need no description they are so common some red purple scarlet lead-colour white blush c. Another each leaf of the Flower is half scarlet and half white Another striped with the same colours But the chiefest and of most esteem is that of a younger date of a fine gold-yellow and double flowering in June yield much seed and either sowed or falling of themselves will come up and prosper in any place The latter end of this month flowers also Nigella the Fennel-flower the Spanish single of a bleak blue and a double of the same colour but of like worth either Fraxinella flore rubente Bastard-Dittany with a reddish flower grows about two foot high with divers woody brownish stalks the lower part set with many winged-leaves like those of a young Ash seven nine or eleven together somewhat large and long purled about the edges of a sad green colour and strong resinous scent on the upper part of the stalks in this month blow many flowers growing in a spike at distances one above another each containing five long leaves four whereof stand on the two sides bending upwards the fifth hanging down turning the end up again of a pale red colour striped through every leaf with a deeper red a tassel in the middle of five or six long purplish threads that bow down with the lower leaf and turn up the ends again with a little freeze at the end of each when these gone succeed hard clammy husks pointed at the ends wherein is contained round shining black seeds the root white large and spreading under ground the whole Plant of a strong resinous scent more delighting to the Eye than Nose Fraxinella flore rubro Bastard-Dittany with a red flower differs from the other in that it is bigger in all its parts leaves dark-green longer spike of flowers and deeper red another raised from the seeds of this thicker of flowers and of a deep bloudy red colour
second When your roots produce too many layers if in good flowers covet not above three or four to be laid for they draw so much nourishment from the root as not enough to ascend to the flower so hindring both fairness and bigness but in May or June not too far in the last Month neither seek out from the stems such shoots onely as are reasonable strong that run not up to spindle cut these off close to the stem and throw them in a pail of water for twenty four hours then in a bed of rich and fine mould that hath been sifted through a wire riddle cutting off your slip close at a joynt trimming away the lower leaves close to the stalk and cut off the uppermost even at the top make a hole in the earth with a little stick and put your slip therein so deep that the upper leaf may be wholly above ground then close the ground to the stem of the Plants and lastly water them remembring to do it often unless rain saves you that labour and that this bed be as much as may be in the shade Ferrarius lib. 2. cap. 15. avers from the month of February to the middle of March in the time of their germination is the best time to slip this flower nor will he have the slip nor twisted in the bottom nor Barley put under them to raise adulterous fibres but onely advises that they be cut off at a joynt Indeed both Spring and Autumn are good Seasons for making out Roots the latter requires that the slip be so early set as that it may have time enough to take root before the coldness of Winter the former that the Plant set in the Spring may have taken root before the Sun rises to that strength to emit violent and parching heats General Rules for Vernal and Autumnal Settings As your July-flowers blow if you observe any to break the pod with a Pen-knife or Lancet open it as much at each division thereof then bind it about with a small slang or narrow list of the thin Film of a Gold-beaters old Mould which moistened with your tongue will stick together keep pour flower round and scarcely be perceived If any come all of one colour the Layers from that stem will continue so and be a new kind Keep your first flowers for seeds letting their pods stand as long as you may for danger of frosts kept as much as may be from wet then cut the stems off with the pods on them and dry them so as not to lose the seeds The driness of the cods and blackness of the seeds argues their ripeness Ferrarius lib. 3. chap. 15. says the bottom of every cod or pod brings the best seeds and the largest flowers The seeds producing most varieties are the striped tawnies The most variety of double flowers are raised from the seeds of double flowers though many times the seeds of single ones will produce double The best time to sow them is the beginning of April or full Moon near that time before or after on indifferent good ground mixed with the ashes of too old rotted and superfluous slips and stems of July-flowers burnt in a place so shaded as to have only the morning and evening Sun sow them not too thick and sift the same compound over them a quarter of an inch thick when the Plant is grown to a considerable strength which will be in August or September following remove them into beds of a very good soil about the full Moon where they must stand till they flower these seedling come up sometimes with three sometimes with four leaves though they most have but two and by some observed that those with but two leaves prove single those with more prove double flowers if you mark such you will the year after their sowing find its verity by their flowers the best of which set in pots that they may be so placed each season as to have the morning Sun only not up against a south wall for they love not intemperate heat The several sorts of Primroses appear The blustring Virgin Beauties of the year Till the Bears Ears with more numerous dies Do take the field but much more take our Eyes Or the Ranunculus Anemonies So richly dy'd in grain challenge the prize Till Tulips in their glorious dress come forth Scorning all Rivals dare compare in worth Which Roses offer at yet sweetly yield To July-flowers that next do crown the field And will the honour wear or loose each head With looks like fair-skin'd Thisbe when she bled Or when a sadder purple-stream had been Trickling all over her sweet Lilly skin Others did seem and some of kin did show Like to the blushes on her face did flow Whilst one to steal her breath to mouth did skip So wears the Scent and Scarlet of her lip Nay the deep Clove its darker hue doth hold From her once-brighter blood congeal'd and cold But dead change looks and similize her thus Hanging their heads as she on Pyramus Their Pens may write or Pencils draw their story Living the Eyes best witness of their glory Clematis peregrina flore rubro Red Virgins-bower hath many limber weak woody branches covered with a thin brown outer bark and green underneath winding about any thing it can take hold of the leaves stand at the joynts consisting of three parts some notched on one side some on both the flowers the latter end of this Month begin to appear from the joints on long foot-stalks made of four leaves standing like a Cross of sullen dark red the roots a bundle of brown strong strings fastned to a head running deep in the ground Clem. c. purpureo Purple Virgins bower of a sad heavy blewish purple Clematis c. pleno purpureo The double purple Virgins bower like the former but bigger and stronger colour'd alike in the flower which is very thick and double the outward leaves broad as the others are but the inward narrow folded close together like a big button in the middle of the flower which open so slowly that the outward leaves fall off before the others spread themselves and continue flowering the next month these must be supported against a wall the young and small branches that are apt to die in winter pruned off in March the nearer cut the fairer the flowers Geranium nocte olens This is the onely Cranes-bill worth our notice and so called because it smelleth sweet onely in the night it hath a great root like a Paeony with large jagged leaves the flowers come forth in this Month with small and round-pointed leaves of a purple colour listed about with yellow these stand on smooth stalks eight or ten on a head which by night are as sweet in the night as beautiful in the day the Plant is tender and therefore set in a pot and govern'd in winter as the Cardinals flower or housed and kept dry in winter for any moisture rots the root Jucca
Indica The Indian Jucca hath a large Tuberous root and fibres thence springs a great round tuft of hard long hollow green leaves with points as sharp as thorns always remaining but some of the outward ones which are supplyed by those that spring in the middle from an old Plant well kept sometimes springs a strong round stalk divided into several branches which bear divers flowers something like the Fritilaria's but narrower at the bottom containing six leaves the three outward veined on the backs from the bottom to the middle with a reddish blush upon white coming forth in this Month and soon fall away without seeding with us This Plant must be set in a large square box wide and deep fill'd with good rich earth housed in winter and defended from Frosts it never here increases that I yet know of but are brought from the West-Indies Periptoca Virginiana Virginian silk rises with one or more round stalks near four foot high at several joynts set with two long broad vein'd round pointed green leaves on the top of the stalk out of a skinny-hose a great tuft of flowers come forth thirty or forty hanging down on long foot-stalks each consisting of five small hollow leaves of a purplish colour which past come long crooked Cods standing upwards containing flat brown seeds wrapped within a great deal of fine soft whitish brown silk the root big and white running far under-ground and springing up in many places it flowers in July bringeth Seeds and silks in August it hath been raised from seeds brought from Virginia the stalks die to the ground every winter but springs again at Spring if the place where it stands be covered with horse-dung in winter to defend it from frosts Jasminum album White Jasmine from the bigger boughs that come from the root proceed divers green flexible branches set with winged leaves of a dark green colour standing two together at the joynts made of many small pointed leaves set on each side of a middle rib commonly three on a side one bigger and more pointed at the end at the tops of the young branches divers flowers come forth together in a tuft each on a long foot-stalk which are small long and hollow opening into five white pointed leaves of a strong sweet scent falling away here with us without seeding Jasminum Catilonicum the Catilonian or Spanish Jasmine like the last in growing differs only in the flowers which before open in a blush after white with blewish edges the branch and green leaves larger but shorter the whole not rising half so high the flowers sweeter than the other Jasminum Hispanicum mutiplex the double Spanish Jasmine grows like the last the flowers white but bigger and double containing two rowes of leaves with some smaller coming forth of the middle of the flowers which are as sweet as the former Jasminum Luteum the yellow Jasmine hath many long slender branches set at distances with three small dark green leaves together the middle or end leaf being the biggest at the joints where the leaves come forth stand long stalks bearing small long hollow flowers ending in five sometimes six yellow leaves the flowers past round black shining berries succeed them the roots are tough and white creeping in the ground coming up in divers places much increasing Jasminum Indicum flore Phaenico the Indian scarlet Jasmine cometh up from a large spread root with one two or more flexible branches which must have somewhat to support them putting forth at every joint small and short tendrils by which it fastens to any woody substance at the same place comes forth two winged leaves large almost as Rose leaves full of veins and finely nicked on the edges standing usually three on a side and one at the end which are reddish at first after of a fair yellowish green colour at the end of the branches comes forth the flowers many together long like a Fox glove at the ends opening into five fair broad leaves with a stile and small threds in the middle of a Saffron colour some Plants have on the inside the flowers small red leaves others of a deep scarlet vein'd with small yellow lines These Jasmines flower from July to the middle of August the first white and common yellow are hardy and endure our Winter colds encreasing fast enough by suckers but the Indian yellow and the Spanish must be planted in pots or boxes that they may be housed in Winter encreased usually by grafting them late in the Spring on the common white Jasmine the approach way they may also be encreased by layers Laurus Rosea sive Oleander the Rose Bay-tree is of two sorts one breaking red the other white flowers in nothing else differing its stem growing to the bigness of a mans thumb divided into three branches at each joint bearing long hard thick dark green leaves at the end of the branches come forth the flowers of a deep blush in the one and white in the other consisting of four narrower long yet round pointed leaves which here fall away without seed Laurus Indica the Indian Bay thrives with us but slowly rising not above four foot high the branches cover'd with a yellowish green bark thick set with leaves which are betwixt those of the Cherry-Bay and the common kind the flowers grow in a long spike of a greenish white colour succeeded by Berries like small Olives this plant must be defended from frosts in Winter and is encreased by layers AVGVST CYclamen or Sowbread now appears without leaves on small naked stalks the flowers coming up folded in the leaves hanging down their heads and turning up their leaves again which are in all but five some of a bright shining reddish purple as the vernal one another that flowers in the Spring is of a pale purple there are also vernal whites ones single and double The small purple Cyclamen another larger of a reddish purple both Summer flowers But the most are those that in this Month of August begin to flower and continue so in September and some in October viz. The Ivie-leaved Cyclamen of Autumn of the palest purple colour The narrow leaved Cyclamen whereof one purple another white The double purplish colour'd Cyclamen having about a dozen leaves in a flower There is another as double that is white The spring Cyclamens are preferable before the rest but the double ones most of all and hardest to be got Some few dayes after the flowers come up their leaves fashion'd almost like Colts-foot leaves but have some indenting on the edges some more other sorts less some longer some rounder all of them strangely variegated spotted and circled with white green about the middle of the leaves on the upper side but that side underneath is red These flowers and leaves spring from a round flat Turnip root black on the outside not loosing their fibres therefore seldome removed but their time for Transplanting is a little before they put forth buds or flowers They
bare with you you must plant it in a Box or Case made of wood that it may be housed in the Winter and in Spring the young sprouts sheer'd off that it spend it self not too much in them and this done two or three times this plant is easily encreased by its suckers or by laying Spirea frutex the shrub Spirea flowers this month and rises up more than yard high with divers woody stalks set with leaves like those of sally but lesser and nicked on the edges on the top of the stalks come forth many small pale peach colour'd flowers set thick together in a long spike lessening by degrees like a Pyramis the root woody and lasting endures the Winter and is encreased by layers Maracoc sive Climatis Virginiana the Virginian Climer come out of the ground in May with long round winding stalks more or less and in height according to the age liking of the plant it grows with us five or six foot or more high from the joints come forth the leaves at each one from the middle to the top a clasper like a Vine and a flower also the leaves broad at the bottom about the middle divided into three parts nickt about the edges the bud of the flower before it opens like the seed Vessel of the common single Vigella but longer having at the top five crooked horns opening the bud divideth it self into ten parts sustaining the leaves of the flower which are many long sharp pointed narrow well spread one by another some streight and others crooked these leaves are of a whitish colour thick spotted with a peach colour having towards the bottom a ring of a perfect peach colour and above and beneath it a white Circle adding much to the beauty of the flower but the most strange is the Umbrane which riseth in the middle parting it self into four or five crooked spotted horns from the midst of these rises another roundish head which carries three nails or horns biggest above and small at the lower end but never with us that I have heard on is this flower succeeded by any fruit but in the West-Indies where 't is a native it beareth fruit like a Pomgranate containing a whitish pulp and many corner'd rough black seeds about the bigness of Pear Kernels long roots thicker then the Sarsa Parilla's which run far in the earth putting up heads in several places by which means encreased its beautiful flowers shew themselves in August the stalk dying to the ground every Winter springing again from the roots in May which may be cover'd and defended from hard frosts in Winter it ought to be planted in a large pot to hinder the roots running and for housing in the Winter and setting in the hot Sun in Summer the hottest place that may be or it will not bear at all we set the pots in the spring in hots Beds to bring them forward In this month blossoms that curious pleasant fragrant and ever green plant The Mirtle of which is Mirtus Latifolia the broad leav'd Myrtle In thick bush full of branches growing four or five foot high set with bright shining and ever green leaves of a sweet scent somewhat broad and long at the joints of the branches come forth the flowers of five small white leaves with some white threds in the middle and very sweet the roots consisting of many strings and fibres as all shrubs do Mirtus minore folio the lesser leav'd Myrtle grows like the former but not so high the leaves thicker on the branches smaller pointed at the ends of a deeper green colour in little else differing Mirtus Rotundiore folio the Box leav'd Mirtle differs from the last the leaves being round pointed like Box there is another call'd the upright Mirtle having sharp pointed leaves and branches growing erect another call'd the Birds nest Mirtle thick set with narrow leaves and close compacted branches Mirtus Latifolia flore pleno the double flowr'd Mirtle grows like the first but being more tender grows not so large nor high its flowers being like the other white but very thick and double of a delicate sweet scent Mirtus Boetica Latifolia the great Spanish or Lawrel leafed Myrtle in all parts bigger than the former rises near two yards high the leaves are like those of the Bay but a whiter green set in a double row on both sides the branches sweet in scent in flowers and fruits differs little from the first all but the last are preserved in Cases and diligently housed in Winter but that is more hardy and with any care will endure the violence of Winter tho planted at large about the same time flowers Gelsimenum Indicum flavum odoratissimum the sweet yellow Indian Jasmine a beautiful green and rises about two foot high dividing into branches cover'd with a purplish colour'd Bark deckt with many fair shining dark evergreen leaves shaped like the Pomegranates but longer and broader the flowers like the common white Jasmine but bigger and of a fair yellow and sweet scent where they grow naturally they are succeeded by fruits like small Olives but flowering so late with us never come to perfection Phillirea variegata the striped Phillirea most beautiful of all its kinds deserving a Case with the best greens this Plant if suffer'd rises to the height of a man thick set with small branches and those with small evergreen leaves edged and striped with white yet hardy enough to be planted at large if you de-defend it a little from snows and frosts Marum Herb Mastick unless a backward Summer flowers in this month otherwayes later and rises about foot high with stiff hard stalks divided into many branches but thinly set with small green leaves two at a joint at the tops of the stalks and branches come forth small white flowers among a tuft of white downy threds the whole plant is of sweet and pleasant scent this is encreased by setting slips in April Marum Siriacum Assyrian Mastick not so tall as the former smaller leaves whiter and thicker set on the branches like the Mirtle at the tops of the stalks stand many green Knaps or Heads like those of sweet Marjerom but bigger and greener a woody root the whole plant of a delicate scent very tender and impatient of cold and therefore must be set in a pot and not housed in Winter but order'd as the Flos Cardinalis and unless defended from Cats by sharp thorns 't will be destroyed by them SEPTEMBER CRocus verus The true Saffron comes up with many narrow long leaves and after them the flowers in form like the former mention'd in the Spring of a reddish purple colour in the middle are some unprofitable small yellow chives standing upright as all other kinds have but in this flower there is also three or four longer chives hanging down on or between the leaves of a fiery red colour the true blades of Saffron which picked thence and pressed between two papers and so dried is the
Saffron that is Sold in Shops the roots are bigger than any other kind and cover'd with a hairy skin distinguishing them from the rest Crocus pirenaeus purpureus the purple mountain Crocus riseth like a Colchicum before the leaves with one sometimes two flowers one after the other standing on long foot stalks of a violet purple colour near as large as the biggest purple of the spring with yellow chives and long feather'd top pointed in the middle the green leaves succeed the flowers sometimes before Winter but most usually not till the Spring the Root small and white Crocus Byzantinus Argenteus The Silver colour'd Autumn Crocus with the three outward leaves silver colour the other three more white and lesser Crocus Montanus Autumnalis The Autumn Mountain Crocus of a pale bleak blew colour standing on short foot stalks scarcely appearing above ground at the first but afterwards grows a little higher These two last flower not till the next month Colchicum The Meadow Saffron of which there are several sorts worth collecting Colchicum versicolor The party colour'd Meadow Saffron like the Crocus's composed of six leaves some whereof are white others of a pale purple some half white and half purple with some threds or chieves in the middle like Spring Crocus The flowers appear before the leaves that are of a dark brown colour at first rising about the end of February but at Spring are large long and green from the middle of which the seed Vessel appears containing round brown seeds the root like a Tulips but larger having a long eminence at the bottom whence its fibres shoot into the ground Colchicum variegatum The variegated Meadow Saffron in every leaf pale blush and deep purple another of this kind of a sadder purple and blush Colchicum variegatum dictum Aggrippina A newer flower white and red striped like a Tulip Colchicum frittillaricum Neapolitanum Checkered Meadow Saffron of Naples deep purplish red flowers checquered like a frittillary Colchicum frittilaricum Chiense The Checquered Meadow Saffron of Chio of a pale purple colour thick spotted and checquer'd with blewish purple small but beautiful flowers the root small and tender Colchicum flore pleno The double Meadow Saffron like the common one in colour but very double and of a pale purplish colour There is another double one of a deeper purple Colchicum variegatum flore pleno The double variegated Meadow Saffron some of the leaves whereof are striped and garded with white upon the pale blush Colchicum maximum flore pleno The greatest double Meadow Saffron of a pale purplish blush colour spreading open and transcending any of the double kinds These are to be set about the end of August and will flower some in September the rest the month following and after their green leaves having appear'd and dryed down the roots are to be taken up and order'd as other bulbous roots by sowing their seeds may you raise other rarities OCTOBER BEcause I find no Plant in this month begins to flower that is worth our notice its room shall be taken up in describing a Plant that is alwayes in flower and how to order that and its nice attendants viz. Mala Arantia The Orange-tree which in Spain and other hot Countries grow to tall and fair Trees but with us the highest to a Mans height that I have seen or heard of The bark of the Elder boughs is brown and the younger green with some thorns large leaves of a fresh shining green colour twining a little like Ivy with many small holes in them of a strong sweet scent and never falling till new thrusts them off the flowers are of a whitish colour and very sweet followed by small round green fruit which in time grows to be somewhat large and of a yellowish red colour as most know though not the Tree The Orange Tree being one of the finest greens and as tender as any I shall here name the most tender that must be housed with care in Winter and how to order them after I have mention'd our common greens that grow without that care With the least care Yew The Fir Tree of Life Cypress Stone crop Tree Evergreen Oak Holly Laurel Bayes Holy Holly Box and Gilded Evergreen Hathorn Staffe Tree Privet Phillirea Spanish broom English broom Gosse With more Care Phillirea striped Laurus Tinus of several sorts Mirtles of divers sorts Yellow Indian Gessimine The Rose Bay or Oleander The Indian Bay With most Care Lemons and Oranges To save room we will here name other nice Plants that must have the like care the same directions for some will serve them all viz. The bloody double Wall Flower Amomum plinii Geranium nocte olens Tuberose Hyacinth Blew Borage leav'd Auricula Bears Ear Sanicle Marum Marum Syriacum c. These plants are set in Cases and with Oranges and other tender Plants housed in Winter and encreased by layers the best time to Transplant the hardier ones is about the tenth of March for the more tender to be set in Cases the end of April the earth fit for them is the digested Earth of a Melon Bed equally mixed with fine loamy earth lying and often turned the foregoing Winter and sifted through a wyre Sieve e're put in your Cases for want of which Neats dung rotted and mixed as before filling the bottoms of your pots and Cases with any kind of rubbidge that will ly hollow to draw the wet from the earth above them that will else rot their roots and if ye mix the whole earth with little sticks to make it lie light and hollow it will be the better then taking your plant cut the roots a little especially at the bottom spreading the roots set it not too deep rather let some of the root appear and lastly settle it with Temperate water not too much set them in the shade for twelve days and afterwards expose them to the Sun The last April I had sent me several sorts of cuttings of Mirtles I prepared my Pots to receive them thus Old Neats dung beaten small and an equal share of good loamy earth with a little Willow earth and Sun water mixed to the consistence of that is call'd a stir pudding three parts of the Pots the forth the same mixture without water and with a dipper run them almost to the top therein by September following I found most of them had well rooted just betwixt the moist and dry mixtures this Experiment I tried tho never heard of before and thought good here to mention it The beginning of May give all your housed Plants fresh earth taking out of the tops of your Pots and Cases the old earth three or four fingers deep and loosening the rest with a Fork or some fit Instrument so as not to hurt or prejudice the roots then fill them up with your best and richest soil half Neats dung well rotted consumed and mixed that hath been preserved for such uses that the Virtue may be washed down into the
to make in the end of the Vade mecum In your Flower Garden Preserve your best Gilliflowers and Auricula's from too much Wet or Snow by laying down the Pots they are planted in or if in Beds by supported coverings at a distance a foot or more Also what Ranunculus or Anemonies are appearing but give them as often as you can in suitable weather airings by taking off their coverings but when Sun sets on with them again Keep your Conservatory close where the Greens and nice Plants are housed if it freeze very hard put some clear lighted Charcoal in the middle of the Room a little let into the ground and if the Sun shine clear on the windows or doors thereof open them to let in his Noon-beams but be sure to shut them close again as soon as he declines the door FEBRUARY hath xxviii or xxix days   1683 1684 1685 1686 1687   Last q. 8 N. ☽ 16 Fir. q. 24 New ☽ 5 Fir. q. 13 Fu. ☽ 20 Last q. 27 Fir. q. 1 Fu ☽ 9 La. q. 16 N. ☽ 23 Last q. 5 N. ☽ 12 Fir. q 20 Fu ☽ 28 N. ☽ 2 Fir. q. 9 Fu ☽ 17 La. q. 25 Month-days Week-days ☽ pl. ☉ place ☽ pl. ☉ rise ☽ pl. ☉ set ☽ pl. Day brek ☽ pl. Day long 1 d ♌ 22 ♑ 7 16 ♉ 4 44 â™ 5 15 â™’ 9 36 2 e â™ 23  7 14 ♊ 4 46 ♎    3 f  24 â™’ 7 12  4 48   ♓  4 g ♎ 25  7 10  4 50 â™ Â Â Â 5 a  26  7 8 ♋ 4 52   ♈  6 b â™ 27 ♓ 7 6  4 54 â™ 5 8  9 56 7 c  28  7 4 ♌ 4 56   ♉  8 d â™ 29 ♈ 7 2  4 58 ♑    9 e  ♓  7 0 â™ 5 0   ♊  10 f  1  6 58  5 2 â™’    11 g ♑ 2 ♉ 6 56 ♎ 5 4  5 0  10 14 12 a  3  6 54  5 6 ♓  ♋  13 b â™’ 4 ♊ 6 52 â™ 5 8     14 c  5  6 50  5 10 ♈  ♌  15 d  6  6 48  5 12     16 e ♓ 7 ♋ 6 46 â™ 5 14  4 51  10 34 17 f  8  6 44  5 16 ♉  ♠ 18 g ♈ 9 ♌ 6 42 ♑ 5 18     19 a  10  6 40  5 20 ♊  ♎  20 b  11 â™ 6 38 â™’ 5 22     21 c ♉ 12  6 36  5 24  4 48 â™ 10 54 22 d  13 ♎ 6 34 ♓ 5 26 ♋    23 e ♊ 14  6 32  5 28     24 f  15 â™ 6 30 ♈ 5 30 ♌  ♠ 25 g ♋ 16  6 28  5 32     26 a  17 â™ 6 26  5 34  4 30 ♑ 11 12 27 b ♌ 18  6 24 ♉ 5 36 â™ Â Â Â 28 c  19 ♑ 6 22  5 38   ♒  29            In the Orchard or Kitchin-Garden Cover the roots of your Fruit-trees that were before bared and yet plant those Trees you could not the last Month and still be cleansing Trees from Moss and the Webs of Caterpillars from the tops of twigs Begin to graft Apples some Pears Plums Cherries c. The best way of grafting old Stocks known by few Cut the body of the Tree off four or five foot above the ground when the head pared take a small Gouge such as Joyners use with which strike out a small scollop out of the stake where you intend to place each Graft then with a suitable Wnimble bore a hole in every Scollop into the wood of the Stock then mark your Grafts with the same Gouge through the Rind and fit the lower parts of them to the holes so as that your Scollops of the Grafts and Stock may joyn together then clay them according to the rule of grafting Stocks thus grafted shall be cover'd in three years and bear plentifully the Cions will grow most inward therefore prune the inward parts leaving the outmost sprouts for spreaders This way preserves old moil Trees the longer in being that otherwise would have decayed place Earth a foot length about boughs for circumposition Sow and set Beans Pease Asparagus Radish Parsnips Carrots Onions Garlick Piant Cabbage-plants Potatoes Parsly Spinage and other hardy Pot-herbs Transplant your Winter Colliflowers to have early into riâ—h Soil Now be making Hot-beds to sow your Musmellon-seeds and Cucumbers at the full Moon in this Month which must first be stecped in new Cows-milk twenty four hours then placed three in a hole and the Bed covered bended or arched Rods over it to support the covering which must be Canvas Hair-cloath or Mats c. till they peep which they will in seven days then uncovered in the Sun-shine or clear Air but cover'd again at night Still keep close your Conservatory water Orange-trees Lemons c. with water wherein Sheeps dung hath been steeped two or three days in the Air or Sun but let it not touch the leaves of your Plants for it will destroy them In the Flower-garden Sow Auricula-seeds in mellow Earth and but sow the same one thick place best Auricula in Pots in the Sun secure your choice Flowers in Beds with Tiles if they appear above ground and plant some Anemonies the weather open for later Flowers place your Boxes sown with choice Seeds free from sharp winds and secured from too much wet MARCH hath XXXI days   1683 1684 1685 1686 1687   Full ☽ 2 Last q. 9 N. ☽ 18 Fir. q. 25 N. ☽ 6 Fir. q. 14 Fu ☽ 21 La. q. 27 Fir. q. 3 Fu ☽ 10 La. q. 17 N. ☽ 24 Last q. 7 N. ☽ 14 Fir. q. 22 Fu ☽ 29 N. ☽ 3 Fir. q. 10 Fu ☽ 18 La. q. 26 Month-days Week-days ☽ pl. ☉ place ☽ pl. ☉ rise ☽ pl. ☉ set ☽ pl. Day brek ☽ pl. Day on g 1 d ♌ 21 â— 6 19 ♊ 5 41 ♎ 5 20 â™’ 11 21 2 e â™ 22 â™’ 6 17  5 43   ♓  3 f  23  6 15  5 45 â™ Â Â Â 4 g ♎ 24 ♓ 6 13 ♋ 5 47   ♈  5 a  25  6 11  5 49 â™ Â Â Â 6 b â™ 26 ♈ 6 9 ♌ 5 51  5 9 ♉ 11 44 7 c  27  6 6  5 54 ♑    8 d â™ 28  6 4  5 56   ♊  9 e  29 ♉ 6 2 â™ 5 58     10 f