call this kinde of herbe Pigamum and do erroniously vse it for Rue which is called in Greeke Peganon The common sorte call it Rhabarbarum and therefore it is called False or Bastard Rewbarbe but many learned men call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thalietrum and do vse it for the same But the smal Thalietrum is not Hypecoon as we haue thought it ear this †The Nature Bastard Rewbarbe is of complexion hoate and dry †The Vertues The leaues of Bastard Rewbarbe taken in meate or otherwise loseth the belly The rootes also should seeme to be of the same nature and vertue and for this consideration partly they were called Rewbarbe partely also they were so called bycause their rootes are yellow like Rewbarbe Of water Betony / or Brounewurte Chap. xxxj †The Description BRounewurte hath a square browne hollow stalke large leaues natched or dented rounde about very like vnto Nettell leaues but smother or playner and nothing stinging or burning at all The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes and are small and tawney hollow like a helmet or a snayle shell The seede is small rounde poynted like to some prety pellots or buttons The roote is white and knobby like the roote of Orpyn or Lyblong wherof we haue spoken Chap. 26. Scrophularia maior There is an other kinde of this herbe like to the first in stalkes leaues floures and huskes or seede vesselles but it differeth in the roote for his roote is not knobby or swollen like to the other but full of threddish strings otherwise there is no difference betwixt this kinde and the other which they call Scrophularia maior for the stalke is also square and the leaues like to Nettell leaues and are cut dented round about in like manner the floures are like to open helmets also c. so that oftentimes those that take nothede to the differēce in the rootes do gather the one for the other There is yet a thirde kinde which is nothing like to the others sauing only in the floures and seede wherein it is very like to the other Scrophularies wherefore wee haue thought good to make mention of it in this place his stalke is right or straight and rounde The leaues are like to Roquet leaues but smaller and browner The floures are like to them aforesayde sauing they be smaller and of a blewe colour straked with small strakes of white The roote is threddy like the roote of the second kinde of Scrophularia and is euerlasting putting forth yearely new springs as also doth the rootes of the other two Scrophularies †The Place The two firste kindes do grow very plentifully in this countrey in the borders of fieldes and vnder hedges and about lakes and ditches The thirde is not found here but onely planted in gardens †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first is called in Shoppes and of the Herboristes Scrophularia maior of some Castrangula Ficaria Millemorbia Ferraria in English Broune wurte and Water Betony in high Almaigne Braunwurtz Sauwurtz and grosz Feigwartzen kraut in base Almaigne groot Speencruyt Helmeruyt Some thinke it to be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Caleopsis and Vrticalabeo The second hath no certayne name in Latine nor of the Apothecaries but in base Almaigne it is called Beeckscuym and S. Anthuenis cruyt this should be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Betonica Aquatica Septentrionalium in English Water Betony The thirde is vnknowen and without name notwithstāding it may be taken for a kinde of Galeopsis bycause his floure is like to an open Helmet †The Nature Scrophularia is hoate and dry in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues stalke seede roote iuyce of the right Galeopsis or Brounewurte doth waste and dissolue al kindes of tumors swellings and hardnesse if it be pound with vinege rand layde therevpon two or three times a day The leaues stampte and layde to old rotten corrupt spreading and fretting Vlcers or Pockes doth heale them it doth also heale Cankers if it be pound with Salte and layde thereto If a man washe his face with the iuyce of this herbe it taketh away the rednesse of the same The roote eaten drieth vp and healeth the Hemorrhoides the like vertue it hath to be pound and layde too outwardly The seede of Brounewurte dronken killeth wormes The second kinde whiche is the right water Betony is also very good against all corrupt vlcers and consuming sores being layde too as the first The third is not onely vnknowen in name but also in vertues Of herbe Roberte / Pynke needle / and Storkes bill / with other of the same kinde Chap. xxxij †The Kindes THere is found in this contrey diuers sortes of herbes whose seedes belong sharpe like to a Hearons beake or byl the which for the self same cause are all comprehended vnder the name and kindes of Hearons bill The twoo first are described by Dioscorides and other of the auncient writers The fiue other are setfoorth by the later wryters and learned men of our time †The Description THe first kinde of Geranion or Storckes bill his leaues are cut and iagged in many peeces like to Crowfoote his stalkes be slender and parted into sundry braunches vpon which groweth smal floures somwhat like roses or the floures of Mallowes of a light murrey or redde colour after them commeth little round heades with smal long billes like Nedels or like the beakes of Cranes and Hearons wherein the seede is contayned The roote is thicke round shorte and knobby with certayne small strings hanging by it Geranium alterum Doue foote Geranium tertium Storckes bill or Acus Moschata The seconde whiche they call Doue foote hath also smal tender hearie and browne stalkes the leaues are like to the small Mallow cut rounde about The floures be small of a cleare purple colour and do likewise turne into little knappes or heads with billes but yet not so great long as the first Geraniū The thirde kinde also hath tender stalkes rounde and somewhat hearie small leaues cut as it were in little iagges or peeces and before the growing vp of the stalkes the leaues lie spreading vpō the ground the floures are smal of a pleasant light redde after these floures followeth certayne small narrow peakes or beakes as in the others The roote is white of the length of a finger like to Rampions Sideritis tertia aut Geranium Robertianum Herbe Roberte Geranium gruinale The fourth Cranes bill THe fourth hath hearie stalkes like the other but all redde with diuers ioyntes and knots the leaues are much cut and iagged like to Cheruill or Coriander leaues but redder of a more lothsome smell The floures be redde and bringeth forth small bullets like littell heades with sharpe billes The roote is somewhat greene of colour The fifth is like to the aforesayde in
growe about hedges and olde walles and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muralium Perdicium and Vrceolaris and of some Parietaria Muralis Perdicalis in Shoppes Paritaria in Italian Lauirreola in Spanish Yerua del muro Alfahaquilla del muro Alfahaquilla de culebra in English Parietary Pellitory of the Wall in high Douch Tag vnd nacht S. Peters kraut Glaszkraut Maurkraut in base Almaigne Parietarie and Glascruyt †The Nature Parietarie is somewhat colde moyst drawing nere to a meane tēperature †The Vertues Parietorie is singuler against cholerike inflammations the disease called Ignis sacer S. Anthonies fyre spreading and running sores burnings and all hoate vlcers being stamped and layde therevpon An oyntment made with the iuyce of this herbe and Ceruse is very good against all hoate vlcers spreading and consuming sores hoate burning scuruy and spreading scabbes and such like impediments The same iuyce mēgled with Deare sewet is good to annoynt the feete against that kinde of goute which they call Podagra The same iuyce mengled with oyle of Roses and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The decoction or brothe of Parietorie dronken helpeth suche as are vexed with an olde Cough the grauell and stone and is good against the difficultie and stopping of vrine and that not onely taken inwardly but also layde to outwardly vpon the region of the Bladder in maner of a fomentatiō or a warme bathe Of Chickeweede Chap. xxxv †The Kindes ALthough Dioscorides and Plinie haue written but of one kinde of Alsine or Chickeweede neuerthelesse a man may finde in most places of this countrey diuers sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Alsine or Chickeweede ouer and bysides that whiche is found in salt groundes whereof the first and right Alsine is that whiche Dioscorides and the Auncients haue described †The Description THe great Chickeweede hath sundry vpright rounde and knobby stalkes The leaues growe at euery ioynt or knotte of the stalke alwayes twoo togither one directly standing agaynst an other meetely large sometimes almost of the breadth of twoo fingers not much vnlike Parietory leaues but longer and lesse hearie about the toppe of the braunches amongst the leaues groweth small stemmes with littell knoppes the whiche chaunge into small white floures diepely cutt and snipte after the floures yee shall perceyue huskes or Coddes somewhat long and rounde wherein lieth the seede The whole herbe dothe not differ much from Parietory for his stemmes also be through shyning and somewhat redde about the ioyntes and the leaues be almost of the same quantitie so that Dioscorides sayth that this herbe should be Parietory but that it is smaller and baser or lower and that the leaues be longer and not so hearie Alsine maior Great Chickeweede Alsines secundum genus The second Chickeweede The second is like to the great Chickeweede sauing that it is smaller and groweth not vpright but lieth and spreadeth vpon the ground The leaues are much smaller growing twoo and twoo togither at euery ioynt The floures huskes and seede is like the great Chickeweede The roote hath many small hearie threddes The thirde and smallest Chickeweede is not much vnlike the second but a great deale smaller in all respectes in so much that his stemmes be like vnto small threddes and his leaues no bigger then Tyme otherwayes it is lyke to the second The fourth kinde called of the base Almaignes Hoenderbeet that is to say Henbit hath many rounde hearie stemmes The leaues be somewhat round hearie a little snipt or iagged about the edges otherwise not much vnlike the leaues of great Chickeweede The floures be blew or purple do bring forth small close knappes or huskes in which is inclosed the seede The fifth kinde is like to the aforesayd in his hearie stemmes his leaues be longer narrower and iagged rounde about the floures of a cleare blew the seede is in broade huskes as the seede of Veronica or Paules Betony Alsines tertium genus The third Chickeweede Alsines quartum genum The fourth Cchickeweede Alsines quintum genus The fifth Chickeweede There is yet a sixte kynde of Chickeweede which groweth onely in Salte ground like to the others in leaues and knotty stemmes but chiefly like to the second kinde sauing that his stemmes are thicker shorter and the knots or ioyntes stande nearer one to an other The leaues are thicker the huskes be not long but flat rounde and somewhat squate or cornered like a great hasting or gardē pease euery huske hauing three or foure browne seedes almost of the quantitie of a vetche †The Place The great Chickeweede groweth in moyst shadowy places in hedges busshes amongst other herbes in such like places ye shall finde the rest but the sixth groweth not except onely in salte groundes by the sea side †The Tyme These herbes do most cōmonly floure about Midsomer †The Names The great Chickeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alsine and of some late writers Hippia maior in Italian Panarina and Centone vnknowen to the Apothecaries The second third are called of the Apothecaries Morsus gallinae Hippia minor in English Middle Chickeweede in high Douch Vogelkraut and Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Vogelcruyt Hoenderbeet and cleynen Muer The fourth also is called of some Morsus gallinae in high Douch Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Hoenderbeet it may also be called in French Morgeline Bastarde The fifth is called of the high Almaignes Huners erb of the base Almaines Hoender erue that is to say the Hennes right or Hennes inheritance it is also called in French Moron Bastard Moron violet and Oeil de Chat. The sixth whiche groweth in salte groundes wee may call Alsine marina that is to say Sea Chickeweede †The Nature Chickeweede is colde and moyst in substance much lyke Parietorie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The great Chickeweede pounde and layde to the eyes or the iuyce thereof straked vpon the eyes is good against inflammations and the hoate vlcers of the eyes The same vsed in manner aforesayde and layde to the place is good against all hoate vlcers that be harde to cure but especially those aboute the pryuie partes The small Chickeweede and specially the second kinde boyled in water and salte is a soueraigne remedie against the scuruy heate and itche of the handes if they be often wasshed or bathed in the same Sea Chickeweede serueth to no knowen vse Of Mouse eare Chap. xxxvi †The Description MOuse eare as Dioscorides saith hath many small and slender stemmes somewhat redde bylow about the whiche groweth leaues alwayes two togither standing one directly against an other they are small blackishe and somewhat long and sharpe poynted almost like to the eare of a Mouse or Ratte betwixte the leaues there groweth forth small braunches wherevpon are
kinde of S. Iohns worte in his leaues and stemmes differeth not much frō Hypericum sauing that it is greater The stalke is long without branches or springs the leaues are like the other S. Iohns Grasse but longer browner and greener for the most parte vnderneth it is ouerlayde and couered with fine softe heare sweete in taste and do not shew thorow holed or pricked as the other The floures are like to Hypericum but paler and with longer leaues The buddes before the opening of the floures are spotted with small blacke speckes The seede is in huskes like the seede of Hypericum and smelleth likewise almost like Rosin There is yet an other kinde of this herbe the which the base Almaignes do call Conraet very like to the aforesaide sauing that his leaues be greater whiter not so hearie or softe but better like S. Iohns worte although they appeere not thorow prickt or holed The floures are like to the aforesaid ar also specked in the knappes and buddes with small blacke spottes The roote is woodishe like the other Rata syluestris c. Great S. Iohns worte Ascyrum S. Peters worte †The Place These herbes grow in rough vntilled places in hedges and Copses †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is wild Rue yet this is none of the kindes of the grieuous sauored or stinking Rue it is also called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Androsaemum The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Ascyrum both are vnknowen in Shoppes in English Square S. Iohns grasse great S. Iohns worte most cōmonly S. Peters worte in high Douch Harthew Waldt Hoff The secōd is called of some Kunratz in base Almaigne Herthoy Coenraet †The Nature They are hoate and dry and lyke to Hypericum ⧠The Vertues The seede of S. Peters worte or square S. Iohns grasse dronken the weight of two Drammes with Honied water and vsed a long space cureth the Sciatica that is the payne in the hanches The same pounde is good to be layde vpon burnings The wine wherein the leaues therof haue ben boyled hath power to cōfolidate close vp woundes if they be oftentimes wasshed with the sayde wine Of Tutsan or Parke leanes Chap. xlv †The Description ANdrosemon is like to Saint Iohns worte S. Peters grasse It hath many rounde stalkes comming out of one roote the whiche do bring forth leaues muche larger than the leaues of S. Iohns wurte in the beginning greene but after that the seede is ripe they waxe redde than being brused betwixt ones fingers they yeeld a redde sappe or iuyce At the toppe of the stalkes groweth smal knoppes or round buttons the whiche in their opening do bring forth floures like to S. Iohns grasse but greater whan they are fallen or perisshed there appeareth littell small pellots or round balles very red at the beginning but afterward of a browne and very darke redde colour whan they be ripe like to the colour of clotted or congeled drie bloud in whiche knops or bearies is conteyned the seede which is small and browne the roote is harde and of wooddie substance yearely sending forth new springs Androsaemon †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey except in gardens where as it is sowen and plāted The Authors of Stirp Aduers noua do affirme that Androsemon groweth by Bristow in England in S. Vincentes Rockes and woody Cleues beyond the water But if Androsemon be Tursan or Parke leaues it groweth plentifully in woodes and parkes in the west partes of England †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Androsaemum vnknowen to the Apothecaries It hath none other common name that I know yet some do also call it Androsae mum fruticans Tutsan so called in French and in English is thought of some late writers to be Clymenon and is called of thē Clymenon Italorum siue Siciliana of our Apothecaries Agnus castus †The Nature It is hoate and dry like S. Iohns grasse or S. Peters wurte †The Vertues Androsemon his vertues are lyke to S. Peters wurte S. Iohns grasse as Galen saith Tutsan is much vsed in Baulmes Drenches and other remedies for woundes Of Woad or Pastel Chap. xlvi ⧠The Kindes THere be two sortes of Woad the one is of the garden and cōmeth of seede and is vsed to colour and die cloth into blew The other is wilde Woad and commeth vp of his owne kinde Isatis satiua Garden Woad Isatis syluestris Wilde Woad †The Description GArden Woad hath long broade swartegreene leaues spread vpon the ground almost lyke the leaues of Plantayne but thicker and blacker the stalke riseth vp from the middest of the leaues of two cubites long set full of smaller and sharper leaues the whiche at the toppe diuideth and parteth it self into many small branches vpon the whiche groweth many littell floures very small and yellow and after them long broade buskes like littell tunges greene at the first and afterward blackishe in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white single and straight and without any great store of threeds or strings The wilde is very like to the garden Woad in leaues stalke and making sauing that the stalke is tenderer smaller and browner and the huskes more narrow otherwise there is no difference betwixt them †The Place Garden Woad is sowen in diuers places of Flanders Almaigne in fertill good grounds The wilde groweth of his owne kinde in vntilled places ⧠The Tyme Both do floure in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Isatis and Glastum of the late writers Guadum and of some Luteum herba in English Woad or Pastel in French Guesde or Pastel in Spanish also Pastel in Italian Guado in high Douche Weibt and Waydt in base Almaigne Weebt †The Nature Garden Woad is dry without any sharpnesse The wilde dryeth more and is more sharpe and byting †The Vertues Garden or sowen Woad brused is good to be layde vpon the woundes of mightie strong people whiche are vsed to dayly labour and exercise and vpon places to stop the running out of bloud vpon fretting vlcers rotten sores It scattereth and dissolueth all colde empostumes being layde therevpon The wilde Woad resisteth moyst and flowing vlcers and consuming rotten sores being layde therevpon but against the other grieffes for which the garden Woad serueth it is of lesse strength and serueth to small purpose bycause of his exceeding sharpnesse The Decoction of wilde Woad dronken is very good for such as haue any stopping or hardnesse in the Milte or Splene Of Dyers weede Chap. xlvij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are long narrow blackish not much vnlike the leaues
slender stalkes creeping by the grounde vpon euery side whereof groweth small rounde leaues and somewhat large almost like to a pēny The floures be yellow almost lyke to gold cuppes The roote is smal and tender †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medows about ditches watercourses in Copses that stand lowe †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in May and continueth flouring all the Somer Nummularia †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Nūmularia Centummorbia of some Serpentaria and also Lunaria grassula in English Herbe two pence two penny grasse and Monyworte in Frēch Herbe à cent maladies in high Douch Pfenningkraut Egelkraut clein Naterkraut in base Almaigne Pēninckruyt Eghelcruyt †The Nature Two penny grasse is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The later wryters do say that if this herbe be boyled in wyne and dronken with Hony that it healeth and cureth the woundes and hurtes of the Lunges that it is good against the Cough but specially against the dāgerous Cough in yong children to be taken as is afore sayde Wilde Flaxe / or Tode Flaxe Chap. liiij Linaria Osyris †The Description STanworte wilde flaxe or Tode flax hath small slender blackish stalkes out of which groweth many leaues togither long and narrow much like to the leaues of Lyn. The floures be yellow large close before like to a frogges mouth and narrow behinde croked like to Larkes spurre or Larkes clawe The seede is large and blacke conteyned in small rounde huskes the whiche commeth forth after the falling of of the floure There is an other kinde of this herbe the which is not common and it beareth fayre blewe floures in all other things lyke to the other sauing that his stalkes floures and leaues are smaller and tenderer but yet it groweth vp to a higher stature To these kindes of wilde Flaxe or Linarie it were not amisse to ioyne that herbe which is called in Italy Beluedere This plante hath diuers small shutes or scourges bearing small narrow leaues almost like to the leaues of Flaxe the fluores be small and of a grasse colour and do grow at the toppe of the stalkes †The Place They grow wilde in vntilled places about hedges the borders of fieldes Osyris groweth in many places of Italy and Lombardie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names This herb is called in Shoppes Linaria and of some Pseudolinum and Vrinalis in English Tode flaxe and wilde flaxe in French Linaire or Lin sauuage in high Douch Lynkraut Flaschkraut Harnkraut vnser frawen Flasch wild Flasch krotten flasch in base Almaigne Wildt vlas The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Osyris but in this our age it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as we haue sayde it is called in Italy Beluedere in English Stanneworte †The Nature Stanworte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Osyris or Tode flaxe dronken openeth the old cold stoppings of the Liuer Milte is singuler good for such as haue the Iaunders without Feuers especially whan the Iaunders is of long continuance The same doth also prouoke vrine and is a singuler medicine for suche as can not pisse but droppe after droppe and against the stoppings of the kidneys and Bladder Of Shepherds purse Chap. lv †The Description BVrsa Pastoris hath round tough and pliable braunches of a foote long with long leaues depely cut or iagged like the leaues of Seneuy but much smaller The floures are white grow alongst by the stalkes in place whereof whan they are gone there riseth small flatte Coddes or triangled pouches wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long white and single †The Place Sheepeherds pouche groweth in streates and wayes in rough stonie and vntilled places †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly Pastoria bursa †The Names This herbe hath neither Greeke nor Latine name giuen to him of the Ancient writers but the later writers haue called it in Latine Pastoria bursa Pera Bursa pastoris in English Shepherds purse Scrippe or Pouche and of some Casseweede in Frēch Labouret or Bourse de bergers in high Douch Desthelkraut and Hirten sechel in base Almaigne Teskens or Borsekens cruyt †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Shepherdes purse dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe the spitting and pissing of bloud womens termes and all other fluxe of bloud howsoeuer it be taken for whiche it is so excellent that some write of it saying that it will stanche bloud if it be but only holden in the hande or carried about the body Of Cinquefoyle / or Fiue fingar grasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are foure sortes of Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle two kindes therof beareth yellow floures wherof the one is great the other smal The third kinde beareth white floures and the fourth kinde redde floures all are like one an other in leaues and fasshion Pentaphyllon luteum maius Yellow Cinquefoyle the greater Pentaphyllon luteum minus Yellow Cinquefoyle the lesser †The Description THe great yellow Cinquefoyle hath rounde tender stalkes creeping by the ground and running abroade like the stalkes or branches of wilde Tansie and taking holde in diuers places of the ground vpon whiche slender branches groweth long leaues snipt or dented round about the edges alwaies fiue growing togither vpon a stem or at the ende of a stem The floures be yellow and parted into fiue leaues The which whan they are vanisshed do turne into smal round and harde bearies like Strawberies in which groweth the seede The roote is blackish long and slender The small yellow Cinquefoyle is much like the other in his leaues creeping vpon the ground also in his stalkes floures and seede sauing that it is a greate deale smaller and doth not lightly take holdfast cleaue to the ground as the other doth The leaues are smaller then the others and of a whitish colour vnderneth next to the grounde Pentaphyllon album White Cinquefoyle Pentaphyllon Rubrum Redde Cinquefoyle The white Cinquefoyle is like the great yellow Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches creeping by the grounde and in his leaues diuided into fiue partes but that his stalkes or branches be rough The leaues be long and not snipt or dented rounde about but before onely The floures be white and the roote is not single but hath diuers other small rootes hanging by The redde Cinquefoyle also is somewhat like to the others especially like the great yellow kinde The leaues be also parted in fiue leaues and nicte or snipte round about the whiche are whitish vnderneth and of aswarte greene colour aboue The stalke is of a spanne or foote long of colour browne or reddishe with certayne ioyntes or knots but not hearie
The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes most cōmonly two togither of a browne redde colour after the whiche there commeth vp small round beries of a swarte redde colour like Strawberies but harder within whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and spreading about here and there †The Place Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle groweth low and in shadowie places sometimes also by water sides especially the redde kinde whiche is onely founde in diches or aboute diches of standing water †The Tyme Cinquefoyle floureth in May but chiefly in Iune †The Names Cinquefoyle is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pentaphyllum and Quinquefolium in Italian Cinquefolio in Spanish Cinco en rama in English Cinquefoyle or Sinkefoyle of some Fyueleaued grasse or Fiuefingred grasse in French Quintefueille in high Douch Funfffingerkraut Funffblat in base Almaigne Vijfvingercruyt †The Nature Cinquefoyle is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Synkefoyle boyled in water vntill the thirde parte be consumed doth appease the aking and raging payne of the teeth Also if one hold in his mouth the decoction of the same and the mouth be well wasshed therewithall it cureth the sores and vlcers of the same The same decoction of the roote of Sinkefoyle dronken cureth the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of the bellie and stancheth all excessiue bleeding and is good against the goute Sciatica The roote boyled in vineger doth mollifie and appeace fretting and consuming sores and dissolueth wennes and colde swellings it cureth euilfauored nayles and the inflammation and swelling about the siege and all naughtie scuruinesse if it be applied thereto The iuyce of the roote being yet yong and tender is good to be dronken against the disseases of the Liuer the Lunges and al poyson The leaues dronken in honied water or wine wherein some Pepper hath bene mengled cureth Tertian and Quartaine feuers And dronken after the same maner by the space of thirtie dayes it helpeth the falling sicknesse The leanes pound layde too healeth filine burstings or the falling doune of the bowelles or other mater into the Coddes and mengled with salte and Hony they close vp woundes Fistulas and spreading vlcers The iuyce of the leaues dronken doth cure the Iaunders and comforte the Lyuer Of Tormentill / or Setfoyle Chap. lvij †The Description TOrmentill is much like vnto Sinckefoyle it hath slender stalkes rounde and tender fiue of sixe springing vp out of one roote and creeping by the ground The leaues be small fiue or most commonly seuen growing vpon a stem much like the leaues of Sinckefoyle and euery leafe is likewise snipte and dented rounde about the edges The floures be yellow much like the floures of wilde Tansie and Sinckefoyle The roote is browne redde and thicke †The Place Tormentill groweth in low darke shadowy woodes in greene wayes †The Tyme It floureth oftētimes al the somer long †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes and in Latine Tormentilla and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Septifolium in English Setfoyle and Tormentill in French Tormentille Souchet de bois in high Douch Tormentill Brickwurtz and Rot Heylwurtz in base Almaigne Tormētille The markes and notes of this herbe do approche very neare to the description of Chrysogonum †The Nature It dryeth in the third degree †The Vertues The leaues of Tormentill with their roote boyled in wine or the iuyce thereof dronken prouoketh sweate and by that meanes it driueth out all venim from the harte moreouer they are very good to be eaten or dronken against all poyson and against the plague or pestilence The same vertue hath the dryed rootes to be made in pouder and dronker in wine Tormentilla Also the roote of Tormentill made into pouder dronken in wine whan one hath no feuer or with the water of a Smythes forge or water wherein Iron or hoate burning steele hath bene often quenched whan one hath a feuer cureth the blouddy flixe al other fluxes or laskes of the belly It stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluouse rūning of womens floures all other kindes of fluxe or issue of bloud The Decoction of the leaues roote of Tormentill or the iuyce of the same dronken is good for all woundes both inwardly and outwardly it doth also open and heale the stoppings and hurtes of the Lunges and the Lyuer and is good against the Iaunders The roote of the same made into pouder and tempered or knoden with the white of an Egge and eaten stayeth the desire to vomitte and is good against the dissease called Choler or Melancholy The same boyled in water and afterward the mouth being wasshed therewithall cureth the noughtie vlcers and sores of the same Of Strawberries Chap. lviij †The Description THe Strawberrie with his small and slender hearie branches creepeth alongst the ground and taketh roote and holde fast in diuers places of the ground like Sinckefoyle the leaues also are somewhat like Sinckfoyle for they be likewise cut and snipte round about neuerthelesse it bringeth forth but onely three leaues growing togither vpon each hearie stem or footestalke The floures be white yellow in the middel somewhat after the fasshiō of Cinquefoyle the whiche being past it beareth a pleasant round fruite greene at the firste but redde whan it is rype sometimes also ye shall finde them very white whan they be ripe in taste and sauour very pleasant †The Place Strawberies growe in shaddowy wooddes deepe trenches and bankes by high way sides They be also muche planted in gardens †The Tyme The Strawbery floureth in Aprill and the frute is ripe in Iune †The Names The Strawbery is called in Latine Fragaria Fragula in English Strawbery Strawbery plante in French Fraisier in high Douch Erdtheerē kraut in base Almaigne Eerdtbesiencruyt The frute is called in Latine Fraga in French Des fraises in high Douch Erdtbeer in base Almaigne Eerdtbesien Fragaria †The Nature The Strawbery plante or herbe with the greene and vnripe Strawberies are colde dry The ripe Strawberies are colde and moyst †The Vertues The Decoction of the Strawbery plante dronken stoppeth the laske the superfluouse course of womens floures The same decoction holden kept in the mouth comforteth the gummes cureth the naughtie vlcers and sores of the mouth auoydeth the stinking of the same The iuyce of the leaues cureth the rednesse of the face Strawberies quench thirst the cōtinual vse of them is very good for them that feele great heate in their stomacke Of Siluer weede / or wilde Tansie Chap. lix †The Description THe wilde Tansie is much like to the Strawbery plante and Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches and in his creeping alongst and hanging fast to the grounde his stalkes be also small and tender The leaues be long deepely cut euen harde to
the stem and snipt round about much like to the leaues of Agrimonie of a whitish shining colour next the ground of a faint greene aboue The floures be yellow much Argentina like the floures of Cinquefoyle The roote hath hearie strings †The Place Wilde Tansie groweth in moyst vntilled and grassie places about diches but especially in clay groundes that are left from tillage †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Potentilla and Argentina and of some Agrimonia syluestris or Tanacetum syluestre in English wilde Tansie Siluer weede and of some wilde Agrimonie in French Tanasie sauuagc or Bec d'oye and Argentine in high Douch Grensigh Grensing or Genserich and according to the same in Latine Anserina in base Almaigne Ganserick and Argentine †The Nature Wilde Tansie is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Wilde Tansie boyled in wine or water and dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of bloud and preuayleth muche against the superfluous course of womens floures but specially agaynst the white floud or issue of floures The same boyled in water and salte and dronken dissolueth all clotted and congeled bloud and is good for suche as are squatte and brused with falling from aboue The Decoction of wilde Tansie cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth the hoate humors that are fallen downe into the eyes and the strypes that perishe the sight if they be wasshed therewithall Wilde Tansie hath many other good vertues as against the stone inward woundes and corrupt or fretting vlcers of the gummes and priuie or secrete partes it strengtheneth the bowelles and closeth vp greene woundes it fasteneth loose teeth and swageth tooth-ache The distilled water of this plante is good against the freckles spottes and punpels of the face and to take away Sunne burning Of common Mouse eare Chap. lx ⧠The Kindes OF the herbe called in Latine Pilosella there is found at this time two kindes The one called the great Pilosella the other small Pilosella the whiche some men do also call Mouse eare howbeit they are not the right Mouse eare †The Description THe leaues of great Pilosella are spreade vpon the grounde white hoare and hearie much lyke a great Mouse eare The stalke is also hearie aboute a spanne long and beareth double yellow floures the whiche do change into a certayne hearie downe or Cotton seede and is caried away with the winde The roote is of the length of a fingar and hath many hearie strings The small Pilosella is like to the other sauing that it is much lesse The leaues be small and little and white hoare nexte to the ground and hearie also The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many togither and are of colour sometimes yellow sometimes redde and sometimes browne and sometimes speckled The roote is small and threddy Pilosella maior Great Pilosella Pilosella minor Small Pilosella †The Place The great Pilosella groweth vpō small grauely or dry sandy mountaynes and vpon dry bankes about the borders of fieldes The small Pilosella groweth in dry Heathes and Commons and such like waste and vntilled places †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The great is now called in Latine Pilosella maior in English also Great Pilosella of some Mouse eare in high Douch Nagelkraut and of some also Meuszor in base Almaigne groote Piloselle and Naghelcruyt The small is called Pilosella minor and of the high Almaignes Meuszorlin and Hasenpfatlin it may be called in English small Pilosella or Heath-mouse eare †The Nature The Pilosellas be hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of the leaues and roote of this herbe dronken doth cure and heale all woundes both inward and outward and also Hernies Ruptures or burstings The leaues of Pilosella dryed and afterward made into pouder strowen or cast into woundes is able to cure and heale the same The iuyce of the great Pilosella dropped into the eares cureth the payne of the same and clenseth them from all filth and corruption The same Pilosella eaten or taken in meates doth clense clarifie the sight and cureth the rednesse of the eyes Of Golden floure Stechados / and Cotton weede Chap. lxj †The Kindes THere be two principall kindes of herbes whiche beare white softe and woolly or Cottony leaues whiche some men call Pilosellae or Filagines The one hauing fayre golde yellow and sweete smelling floures The other hath pale yellow floures without smell is of three sortes as it shall appeare hereafter †The Description THe first of these herbes which the Almaignes do call Rheinblumen hath slender stalkes round and cottonie harde whitish or of a hoare gray colour of a spanne long with small narrow very softe cottonie leaues in quantitie making like the leaues of Hyssop at the toppe of the stalkes groweth small tuftes or as it were nosegayes of ten or xij floures or more whiche are round in fasshion like to smal buttōs the which do not lightly perishe or vade but may be kept a long time in their estate colour neither are they of an vnpleasant sauour but are somewhat bitter The roote is small shorte and blacke The other kinde which is called Filago or Cotton weede is of three sorts as is before sayde Ageratum Aurelia Golden Staechas or Moth weede Filago Cotton weede The first of them is like to the aforesayde but it is greater and higher sometimes growing to the heigth of two foote long or more The stalkes be small rounde and grayishe couered with a certayne fine wooll or Cotton three or foure growyng vp from one roote straight and most commonly without any branches The leaues be long narrow whitish softe and woolly like the leaues of Golden or yellow Staechas sauing that they be longer and broader and somewhat of a greener colour The floures be rounde and after the fasshion of buttons growing at the toppe of the stalkes a great many togither but nothing so yellow as the floures of Golden Staechas neither so long lasting but are carried away with the winde whan they be ripe like diuers other floures The other kinde of Cotton weede in stalkes and leaues is much lyke to the aforesayde the floures also be like to the aforesayde howbeit they grow not in tuffetes at the toppe of the stalke but betwixt the leaues alongst by the stalke and this is the greatest difference betwixt this and the other The fourth kinde of these herbes is like to the two other last recited Cottonweedes in stalkes and whyte cottony leaues but it is altogither tenderer smaller and lower seldome growing to the length of ones hande The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes in small round buttons of colour and fasshion like to the other Cotton weedes †The Place The first kinde groweth in sandy playnes and dry Heathes and is plentifully founde in sundry places by the
Plantayne in high Douch Mittel and breyter Wegrich in basé Almaigne Breet wechbree The thirde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Quinqueneruia otherwise it is now called in Latine Lanceolata and Lanceola in English Ribbeworte in French Petit Plantain Lanceole and Lanceolette in high Douch Spitzer wegrich in base Almaigne Cleyn wechbree Hontsribbe We call the fourth Plantago marina in English Sea Plantayne in French Plantain de mer in base Almaigne Zee Wechbree †The Nature Plantayne is colde and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The leaues of Plantayne eaten with meates or otherwise are very good against the falling downe of Reumes Catarres they comfort the Stomacke and are good for such as haue the Phthisike which is a dissease in the lunges with a consumption of all the body And against the Cough The Decoction of leaues of Plantayne dronken stoppeth the blouddy flixe and other fluxes of the belly also it stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluous flowing of womens termes and all other issue of bloud The iuyce of Plantayne dronken stoppeth and appeaseth the great desire to vomitte and stancheth all fluxe of bloud aswell as the leaues and seede The roote of Plantayne by himself or with his seede boyled in sweete wine and dronken openeth the Conduytes or passages of the Lyuer and Kidneys being stopped and is good against the Iaunders and the vlceration of the kidneys and bladder Some haue writen that three rootes of Plantayne taken with wine and water doth cure the Feuer tertian and foure rootes so taken do cure the Feuer quartayne The vse of Plantayne is good against all euill corrupt and running sores and vlcers and against woundes both old and new all hoate empostems and inflammations against Cankers Fistulas the foule euill or French Pockes and all scuruinesse It is good against the byting of Madde Dogs to bruse the leaues of Plantayne and lay therevpon or to poure of the iuyce of Plantayne into the woundes or if it be mixed with emplaysters and oyntments that be made for such purpose The leaues of Plantayne do asswage and mitigate the paine of the Goute and are excellent to be layde vpon swollen members that are full of heate and payne or anguish The iuyce of Plantayne dropped or stilled into the eares is very good against the payne in the same And to be dropped into the eyes against the inflammation and payne of the eyes The same iuyce or the Decoction of the leaues or rootes of Plantayne do cure and heale the naughtie Vlcers of the mouth the tooth ache and the bleeding of the gummes or Iawes whan the mouth is oftentimes wasshed with the same The leaues of Plantayne pounde or stamped with salte and layde to the empostems wennes or harde swellings about the eares and throte cureth the same The roote also is good to be carried or hanged about the necke for the same purpose as some men wryte Of Buckhorne Plantayne / or Coronop Plantayne Chap. lxiiij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this countrey at this present two kindes of herbes both comprehended vnder the name of Crowfoote †The Description THe first Crowfoote or Hartshorne hath long narrow and hearie leaues bringeth forth vpon each side of the leafe three or foure shore startes or branches almost like to the branches of a Hartes horne It lieth spread vpon the ground like a starre Frō the middle of those leaues groweth vp small round hearie stemmes bearing long spiked knappes or torches like the middle Plantayne The roote is long and threddy Pseudocoronopus Buckhorne Plantayne Coronopus Ruellij Coronopispecies peregrina The second crowfoote hath three or foure stemmes or branches creeping vpon the ground alwayes lying flat vpon the earth but neuer mounting or rising higher are set full of long narrow iagged leaues much like to the leaues of the other Crowfoote Plantayne but smaller and nothing hearie The floures be small white growing betwixt the leaues the stalke well fastened to the stēme whan they are decayed there cōmeth forth small flat purses broade rough in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white of the length of ones fingar in tast lyke to garden Cressis One may also place amongst the kinds of Coronopus a certayne herbe whiche we shall now offer vnto you the which is a stranger but little knowen in this countrey seing that it is very well like to Harteshorne The leaues be long narrow branched with shorte startes altogither like to the leaues of Hartes horne sauing that sometimes they be bigger They lie also flat spread round vpon the ground and are somewhat rough hearie like the leaues of Hartes horne so that it is harde to know one from an other whan they are both without stalkes and floures But whan this herbe beginneth to haue stalkes and floures than the difference is easily marked for this herbe bringeth forth two or three rounde stalkes parted into sundry branches at the toppe whereof are placed knoppes and buttons like to Cyanus or Corne floure sauing that the scales of the knappes or heades be not so closely couched and layde one vpon an other the sayde scales seeme cleare and thorough shining especially whan the floure is fallen of and withered The floures come forth of the sayde knops or heads in colour and making like the floures of Cychorie but smaller The roote is long and slender †The Place The first kinde groweth in Brabant Flaunders in vntilled sandy places The second also groweth about wayes and dry sandy pathes and vpon bankes and rampiers especially in certayne places about Antwarpe where as it groweth so plentifully that almost one shall see none other herbe The third which is a strange herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens It groweth plentifully in Languedock in stony and dry places ⧠The Tyme The two first kindes do floure in May and Iune The third floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Latine Cornu ceruinum or Herba Stellae and Stellaria in English of Turner and Cooper Herbe Iue and Crowfoote Plantayne of Pena Buckhorne We may also call it Hartes horne Plantayne Buckehorne Plantayne or Coronop Plantayne it is called in French Corne de Cerf or Dent au chien it is vnknowen in Shoppes The Brabanders do call it Hertshoren and Crayenuoet cruyt Some late writers call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pes cornicis in high Douch Kraenfuz supposing it to be the same Coronopus whiche Dioscorides hath described in the. 123. Chap. of his second booke although in deede they be not like at all And therefore we haue called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudocoronopus that is to say Bastard Crowfoote The second kinde draweth neare to the description of Coronopus made by Dioscorides albeit that notwithstanding
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
come to this herbe whersoeuer it be strowen or layde Of Petie Mulleyn / or the kindes of Primeroses Chap. lxxxiij †The Kyndes PEtie Mulleyn whiche we call Cowslippe and Primerose is of two sortes great and small The great is also of two sortes the one hath yellow sweete smelling floures the other hath pale floures The smaller sorte which we call Primerose is of diuers kindes as yellow and greene single and dubble Verbasculum odoratum Cowslippe Verbasculum album Oxelippe †The Description THe firste kinde of petie Mulleyn hath white leaues crumpled and wrinckled somwhat like to the leaues of Bittayne but whiter and greater and not so snipt or indented about the edges amongst the whiche there ariseth bare and naked stemmes of the length of a mans hande bearing at the toppe a bunch or as it were a bundell of nine or ten yellow floures of a good sauour and hanging lopping downewardes after whiche floures past ye shall finde in the huskes wherein they stoode littell long bulleyns wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is white and of threedy strings The Oxelip or the small kinde of white Mulleyn is very like to the Cowslippe aforesayde sauing that his leaues be greater and larger and his floures be of a pale or faynt yellow colour almost white and without sauour The Prymerose whiche is the very least smallest Mulleyn hath small whitishe or yellowish greene leaues in all partes like to the leaues of Oxelippe amongst the whiche there riseth vp littel fine hearie stemmes eche stemme bearing but one onely floure like to the floures of Oxelippe both in smell colour proportion The roote is also small and threedy like the roote of Oxelippe Of this kinde some be very fayre and dubbell There is yet an other sorte whiche is very like the laste recited kinde in all partes sauing that it bringeth forth greenish floures of colour like to the leaues of the Prymerose herbe or plante †The Place Cowslippes Oxelippes and Prymeroses grow in lowe moyst wooddes standing in the pendant or hanging of hilles and mountaynes and in certayne medowes The white is common in this coūtrey and so are al the rest especially the greene dubble kindes whiche are planted in gardens Verbasculum minus Prymerose †The Tyme These herbes do floure in April and somtimes also in March February †The Names The petie Mulleyns are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Verbascula in Shoppes Primulae veris and Herbae paralysis and of some Artheticae in English Cowslippes Primeroses Oxelips and dubble Cowslips Primeroses and Oxelips in high Douch Schlusselblumen in Brabant Sluetelbloemen The first kind is now called in Latine Herba S. Petri in English Cowslips in French of some Coquu prime vere Brayes de Coquu in high Douch Himelschlussel S. Peters kraut geel Schlusselblumen wolrieckende Schusselblumen in base Almaigne S. Peeters cruyt and welrieckende Sluetelbloemen The second kinde is called in Shoppes Primula veris Herba Paralysis in English Oxelips in high Douch wilde Schlusselblumen weis Himelschuslel in base Almaigne Witte Sluetelbloemen and of some witte Betonie The thirde kinde is called in Latine Verbasculum minus in Shops Primula veris minor in English Primerose and wood Primerose in base Almaygne cleyn witte Betonie or enkel Sluetelbloemen and cleyn Sluetelbloemen †The Nature The small or petie Mulleyns are dry in the third degree without any manifest heate †The Vertues The petie Mulleyns that is to say the Cowslips Primeroses Oxelips are now vsed dayly amongst other pot herbes but in Physicke there is no great accompt made of them They are good for the head synewes and haue other good vertues as Pena and Mattiolus write Of Aethiopis Chap. lxxxiiij †The Description AEthiopis hath great brode woolly leaues like to the leaues of Mulleyn but rougher better cottoned or frysed and not so rounde by the edges but more torne with deeper cuttes in aboute the borders and roundly spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the whiche there springeth vp a square rough hearie stalke diuiding it self abrode into sundry branches alōgst that which rounde aboute certayne ioynts it bringeth forth many white floures almost like to the floures of dead Nettell but a great deale bigger The roote is long and thicke lyke the roote of Mulleyn †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey but in the gardēs of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Aethiopis floureth in May. †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Aethiopis and other name than Aethiopis we know not Aethiopis †The Nature Aethiopis is meanely hoate and dry †The Vertues Aethiopis is good for those that haue the Pleuresie and for such as haue their breasts charged with corrupt and rotten matter and for such as are greeued with the asperitie and roughnesse in the throote also against the Sciatica if one drinke the decoction of the roote thereof For the sayde diseases of the breast lunges it is good to licke oftentimes of a confection made with the roote of this herbe and hony Of Sage of Ierusalem Chap. lxxxv †The Description Pulmonaria SAge of Ierusalem hath rough hearie large browne greene leaues sprinckled with diuers white spots like drops of milke Amōgst the sayd leaues springeth vp certaine stalkes of a span lōg bearing at the top many fine floures growing togither in a bunch like Cowslip floures of colour at the first redde or purple and somtimes blew after the floures it bringeth foorth small buttons wherein is the seede The roote is blacke long and thicke with many threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst shadowie places is planted almost euery where in gardens †The Tyme It floureth betimes in March and Aprill and shortly after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called of the Apothecaries and Herboristes of this countrey Pulmonaria Pulmonalis in Latine Pulmonis herba that is to say Lungewurt or the herbe for the lunges and of some it is called in Latine Symphitum Syluestre whiche may be Englisshed wilde Comfrey the Picards call it Herbe de cueur we call it in English Sage of Ierusalem Cowslip of Ierusalem in French Herbe aux poulmons in base Almaigne Onser vrouwen melck cruyt and Onser vrouwen spin that is to say Our Ladies Milkeworte bycause the leaues be full of white spottes as though they were sprinckled with milke There is yet an other Lungeworte whereof we shall write in the third Booke †The Nature and Vertues This herbe hath no particular vse in Physicke but it is much vsed in meates and Salades with egges as is also Cowslippes and Prymeroses whervnto in temperature it is much like Of Veruayne Chap. lxxrvi †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Veruayne the one called in Latine Verbena recta that is to say Vpright or straight Veruayne The other is called Verbena
Prunella Prunell †The Description BVgle spreadeth creepeth alongst the ground like to Monyworte or Herbe twopence it hath somewhat long leaues and broade afore or at the top softe wrinckled and blackish his stalkes be smal tender creeping alongst the ground taking holdfast in certaine places here and there and from them againe spring other square straight stemmes of a span long bringing forth bright floures amongst certayne littell leaues compassing the stemme about of colour moste commonly blew and in some plantes white as snow The rootes are threedy and tender Prunell hath square hearie stalkes of a spanne long or more The leaues be somewhat long hearie and sharpe poynted The floures grow at the top of the stalkes thicke set togither like to an eare or spikie knap of a browne colour and mixt with blewe and sometimes also very white The roote is small and very threedy †The Place They grow both in certayne Medowes pastures wooddes Also Bugle is much planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme Bugle floureth in Aprill And Prunell oftentimes all the somer vntill Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is now called Consolida Solidago for a difference from other herbes whiche be also called by the same name it is called Consolida media in English Middell Consounde or Middle Comfery and Bugle in French Consoulde moyenne and Bugle in high Douch Gunzel and gulde Gunzel in the Shoppes of this countrey they call it Bugula and in base Almaigne Senegroen The second kinde is also called Consolida media but most commonly Prunella or Brunella in English Prunell Carpenters herbe Selfe heale Hooke heale in French Prunelle and some do also call it Herbe au Charpentier some call it Oingtereule in high Douch Brunellen and Gottheyl in Brabant Bruynelle †The Nature These two herbes be dry moreouer Bugle is hoate and Prunell temperate betwixt heate and colde or very littell colde †The Vertues The decoction of Bugle dronken dissolueth clotted congeled bloud within the body it doth heale and make sounde all woundes of the body bothe inwarde and outwarde The same openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and Gaule and is good to be dronken against the Iaundise and Feuers that be of long continuance The same decoction of Bugle cureth the rotten vlcers sores of the mouth and gummes whan they be wasshed therewithall Bugle greene fresh gathered is good to be layde vpon woundes galles or scratches for it cureth them maketh them whole sounde And so doth the pouder of the same herbe dryed to be cast and strowen vpon the wounde The iuyce of Bugles cureth the sores vlcers of the secrete or priuie partes being often dropped in and so doth the herbe brused and layde vpon The decoction of Prunell made with wine or water doth ioyne together and make whole and sounde all woundes both inwarde and outward as Bugle doth It is good to wassh the mouth often with the decoction of Prunell against the vlcers of the mouth and it is also a soueraigne remedie against that disease whiche the Brabanders do name den Bruynen that is whan the tongue is inflamed and waxeth blacke and is much swollen so that the generall remedies haue gone before Prunell brused with oyle of Roses and vineger and layde to the foreparte of the head swageth and cureth the aking of the same Of Auens / or Sanamunda Chap. xci ⧠The Description THe leaues of Sanamunda Auens or Herbe Bennet are rough blackishe and much clouen or deepely cut somewhat like to the leaues of Agrimonie The stalke is round and hearie of the length of a foote and half diuiding it self at the top into other branches which bringeth forth yellow floures like to the floures of Crowfoote Goldcup or Goldknap afterward littell round rough heads or knoppes set full of seede the which being ripe will cleaue or hang fast vnto garments The roote is short and reddish within with yellow threedy strings and smelleth somewhat like Cloues especially if it be gathered in Marche †The Place This herbe groweth wilde in woods and by hedges and quicksettes it is also planted in gardēs but that which groweth wilde is the greater and his floures be yellower than the other ⧠The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Garyophyllata by cause his roote smelleth like Cloues and of some Sanamunda Benedicta and Nardus rustica in English Auens herbe Bennet and of some Sanamunda in French Benoitte in high Douch Benedictenwurtz in Brabant Gariophyllate †The Nature Herbe Bennet or Auens is hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The decoction of Auens made with water or with wine and water togither and dronken resolueth congeled and clotted bloud cureth all inwarde woundes and hurts And the same decoction cureth outwarde woundes if they be wasshed therewithall Garyophyllata The decoction made of the roote of herbe Bennet in wine dronken comforteth the stomacke causeth good digestion it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer and clenseth the breast and purgeth it from grosse and Phlegmatique humors The roote dryed and taken with wine is good against poyson against the payne of the guttes or bowelles whiche we call the Colique Of Pyrola Chap. xcij. †The Description PYrola hath nine or tenne greene tender leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Bete sauing they be a great deale smaller amongst the whiche commeth vp a stalke set with pleasant little white floures muche like to the sweete smelling floures of lillie Conuall or May lillies The roote is small tender creeping here and there †The Place Pyrola groweth in shadowy places and moyst wooddes †The Tyme Pyrola is to be found in winter and somer but it floureth in Iune and Iuly Pyrola †The Names Pyrola is called in Shops Pyrola in high Douch Wintergrun Holtzmangolt Waldmangoldt in base Almaigne Wintergruen in English also Pyrola and Wintergreene in French Bete de prez and Pyrole †The Nature Pyrola is dry in the third degree and colde in the second †The Vertues The leaues of Pyrola alone by themselues or with other healing herbes is good to heale woundes and boyled in wine and dronken they heale both inward and outward woundes fistulas and maliguant vlcers Greene Pyrole is also good to be layde vpon woundes vlcers burnings and so is the pouder thereof to be strowed vpon and it is good to be mixt with oyntments and playsters seruing for the purposes aforesayde Of Serpents tonge / or Adders tonge Chap. xciij †The Description ADders tonge is an herbe of a maruelous strāge nature it bringeth forth but one leaf of the lēgth of ones finger in which groweth a littell stemme bearing a littell long narrow tonge like to a Serpent or as my Author saith like to the tonge of a Serpent †The Place Adders tonge is founde in this countrey in certayne moyst and
or spikie tuftes in August and the seede is rype in September †The Names These pleasant tufts or floures are called of Plinie libro 21. Cap. 8. Amaranthus and of some late writers Flos Amoris and Amaranthus purpureus in Italian Fior vellino in English floure Gentill Floramor Purple veluet floure in French Passeuelours in high Douch Samatblumen Floramor and Dausent schoon in base Almaigne Flouweelbloemen †The Nature These floures are of complexion colde and dry †The Vertues Floure Gentill or Floramor boyled in wine and drōken stoppeth the laske and the blouddie flixe Of Daysies Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Daysies the great and the small The small also is of two kindes whereof the one groweth in gardens the other groweth wilde †The Description The greate wilde Dasie hath grene leaues somwhat lōg dented roūd about the stem is round and set with like leaues groweth somtimes to the heigh of ij foot lōg at the top whereof it beareth fayre floures in the middell and set rounde aboute with a little border of small white leaues in manner of a pale not much vnlike the floures of the cōmon Camomill but much greater and without sauour Whā they perishe the littell smal white leaues fall downe the yellow in the middell which is the seede swelleth vp The small garden Dasie hath his leaues somewhat like to the abouesayde but they are smaller and not so much dented It sendeth foorth his floures from the roote vpon shorte small stemmes somewhat like the floures of the great Daysie sauing that the small leaues whiche in the great Daysie do compasse the yellow in the middle are so thicke sette or so double that a man shall perceiue very littell of the yellow in the middell or none at all And these floures are sometimes white somtimes very redde sometimes speckled or partie coloured of white and redde There growe also sometimes aboute the compasse of the sayde littell floures many more as it were small floures growing vpon small stemmes out of the knops or cuppes of the sayde floures The roote is white and threddy Bellis maior The great wild Daysie or Maudelynwurte Bellis minor hortensis The small garden Daysie The small wilde Daysie is like to the small garden Daysie in his leaues His littell floures do also spring vp from the roote vpon short stemmes they be also yellow in the middell and set aboute with little white leaues after the order of the great Daysie but they are a great deale smaller and without sauour as all the other sortes of Daysies be The roote is like to the roote of the small garden Daysie †The Place The great Daysie and the small wilde Daysie do grow in medowes and moyste pastures The fayre double garden Daysie is planted and set in gardens †The Tyme The great Daysie floureth most commonly in May. The small garden Daysie floureth from May all the Sommer long The small wilde Daysie floureth very timely in March and sometimes sooner and continueth flouring vntill Aprill and somewhat later †The Names These floures are called of Plinie in Latine Bellis and Bellius and now they are called in Latine Consolida minor and Herba Margarita of some Primula veris especially the small wilde Daysie in English Daysies in French Marguerites or Pasquettes in high Douch Maszlieben Massuselen and in some places Seitloszlin in Brabant Madelieuen and Kersouwen Bellis minor syluestris The small wilde Daysie †The Temperament These floures and herbes are of nature colde and moyst ⧠The Vertues and effects The decoction of the small Daysies with their leaues or boyled alone in water is good to be dronken against Agues the inflammatiō of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes The herbe taken in meates or potages doth loose the belly gentilly Mawdelenwurte or the herbie parte of the wilde Daysie is good against all burning vlcers and impostems and against the inflammation and running of the eyes being applied thereto The same layde vnto woundes keepeth the same from inflammation and impostumation Of Canterbury Belles / or Haskewurte Chap. xx ¶ The Kyndes THere be diuers herbes whiche haue floures like Belles whereof this Throtewurte or Haskewurte is a kinde of whiche we shall speake in this Chapter and it is also of three sortes that is to say the great and small and the creeping kinde ⧠The Description THe great Belfloure hath square rough hearie stalkes vpon whiche growe sharpe poynted leaues dented rounde aboute like to Nettell leaues the floures grow alongst the stalkes lyke Belles and like the floures of Rampions but farre greater and rough hearie within of colour sometimes white sometimes blew and sometimes Carnation or flesshe colour It beginneth to floure at the toppe of the stalke and so goeth florisshing downewarde The floures past the seede whiche is small and graye commeth vp in long knoppie huskes like the Rampion seede The roote is white much wrythen and interlaced Trachelium maius Great Haskewurte or Belfloure Trachelium minus The lesse Haskewurte or Belfloure Auicularia The small Belfloure in stalkes is like to the great sauing that it groweth not so high the leaues be somewhat long smaller whiter and not so deepely dented as the leaues of the greater Belfloure but very well like vnto Sage leaues The small Belles are violet and purple growing at the toppe of the stalke and clustering thicker then the floures of the great Belfloure The roote is slender and very threedy The third in his leaues stalkes is lyke to the first but his leaues be smaller and not so deepely cut The floures hang downewardes and grow almost harde by the stalke of a light violet colour in proportion and making like to the others The rootes most commonly are slender and crokedly creeping alongst the ground putting foorth new springs plantes in diuers places frō whiche groweth small long and thicke rootes not muche vnlike Rampions whereof both this and the former sortes are a certayne kinde There may be very well ioyned vnto these Belfloures the pleasant floures whiche are called at Paris Auicularia seing that they be somewhat lyke to the floures of Haskewurte or Belfloure The plante that beareth these floures groweth to the heigth of a hande breadth or twayne the stalkes are small and tender and set full of small leaues The floures growe at the toppe of the stalkes of a fayre purple colour almost fasshioned lyke a Bell or Cymball with a small white clapper in the middle They open after Sunne rysing and close agayne towardes Sunne sette and whan they be close they haue fyue crestes or playtes like the Belfloures or Couentrie Marians or wilde Rapes or lyke to Rampions and such other floures before theyr opening †The Place Both these Belfloures grow of their owne kinde in certayne dry meades and pastures and they be also planted in gardens The thirde is founde in diuers Champion places and sweete
pastures of Zealand And it is also planted in gardens where as it prospereth ouermuch for it doth so spread abroade and multiplie that it hurteth other herbes and cannot easily be weeded or ouercome Auicularia groweth in good ground in fields amongst wheate or where as wheate hath growen †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The Belflower is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Trachelium Ceruicaria and Vuularia according to the Douch name in English they be called Belfloures and of some Canterbury Belles The Plante may be very wel called Haskewurte or Throtewurte in French Gantel'ee in high Douch Halszkraut in base Almaigne Halscruyt And they are like the kindes of Rampions as the Couentrie Marians violet or wilde Rape is whereof shall be written here vnder The thirde kinde is vnknowen in the Shoppes of this countrie The Herboristes of Fraunce do call it Auicularia the Brabanders call it Urouwen spiegel And I know none other name except it be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Onobrichis that is to say the braying or sounding againe of the Asse wherevnto it hath some small proportion or similitude †The Nature Belfloure is of a complexion colde and dry like to Rampion wherfore it may be vsed in meate as the Rampions †The Vertues The Belfloure boyled in water is soueraigne to cure the payne and inflammation of the necke and inside of the throte and it is good against all vlcerations of the mouth if one do gargle or wash his mouth therewithall Of Autumne Belfloures / or Calathian Violets Chap. xxj ⧠The Description AMongst all the kindes of Belfloures there is none more beutiful in colour then this it hath small straight knottie stemmes at euery knot or ioint it hath two leaues set directly one against an other whiche be long narrow by each side whereof as also at the top of the stalke groweth forth pleasant floures whiche be long hollow alwayes bending outwardes like to a small long bell with two or three small white threedes in the middle They are of a blew colour so cleare and excellent that they seeme to passe the azured skies Whan they are paste there cōmeth vp in the middle of the floure a round long huske full of long small seede Calathiana viola †The Place These pleasant floures grow in moyst medowes low vntilled groundes standing in frutefull soyles ⧠The Tyme They are in floure about the end of August and September †The Names Plinie calleth these floures in Latine Campanulae Autumnales Viola Autumnalis we may also cal them in English Autumne Belfloures Calathian violets or Autumne violets in high Douch they are called Lungen blume for the which cause Cordus calleth them Pneumonanthe and truly it seemeth to be a certayne kinde of Gentian in base Almaigne it is called blauw Leliekens and Duysent schoon †The Temperament and Vertues The temperament nature and propertie of these pleasant little floures are very like vnto Gentian as the bitter taste declareth Of Marians violet / or Couentrie Belles Chap. xxij †The Description THis braue pleasant floure hath his first leaues whiche grow next the ground long broade and somwhat hearie not much vnlike the leaues of wild rose Campions from the middest whereof springeth vp the second yeare after the sowing or planting one stalke or moe full of branches set with suche like leaues but somwhat smaller there grow vpon the sayde branches many fayre and pleasant hollow floures most commonly of a cleare purple colour and sometimes white in proportion very well like to the common Belfloure but much larger and rounder and not so deepely cut about the brimmes or edges the whiche also before their opening are folden togither as it were with fiue crested playtes or edges Whan they are past there cōmeth vp smal roūd buttons or huskes with fiue rough endes or tayles whiche be hollow short plyed or turned backe in all things else like to the knops or huskes of Rampion or the common Belfloure The seede is in the middle of the sayde knoppie huskes it is small broune coloured like a Chestnutte The roote is white and thicke and putteth forth by the sides diuers other rootes Viola Mariana †The Place These pleasant floures grow about Couentrie in England and are founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes and are not yet very common ⧠The Tyme They floure from Iuly vntill September and afterwarde and notwithstanding though they seeme alwayes to floure yet they do also beare seede so that oftentimes as soone as this herbe beginneth to floure one may alwayes finde vpon the same buddes floures and ripe seede †The Names Men do now call these pleasant floures in Latine Violae Marianae that is to say in English Marianes violets we may also cal them Couentrie Rapes in base Almaigne Marietes of the old writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Rapum syluestre Of this kind also are the Belfloures described afore in the xx Chapter of this Booke †The Nature These floures and their roote specially are colde and dry †The Vertues Their vertue is all one with the other Belfloures and may be vsed in like sorte They vse about Couētrie in England where as great store of these plantes do grow to eate their rootes in Salads as Pena writeth in his booke intituled Stirpium aduersaria noua Fol. 138. Of Blew belles Chap. xxiij †The Description THese floures whan their plant beginneth first to spring vp out of the ground haue small rounde leaues like to Marche violets amongst the whiche springeth vp a long high hollow stalke set with long narrow swartgreene leaues amongst the whiche also at the top of the stalke grow fayre Belles or hollow floures greater than the floures of Rampion of colour blew turning towardes purple most commonly but sometimes also they be white Whan they are fallen away the seede is founde in small bullets or huskes like Rampion seede The roote is small and threedie The whole plante is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth foorth whan the herbe is broken or brused and tasteth like Rampions There is also a wild kinde of these floures the which is like to the aforesaid in growing leaues stalkes floures and seede Neuerthelesse it is a great deale and in all respects smaller and it yeeldeth a white iuyce also like the first There is also a certayne thirde kinde of this Blew belfloure muche greater than the first his stalkes be long and high his leaues be somewhat large and it hath very many floures growing alongst the stalkes as it were littell small Belles of a fayre blew colour and after them certayne hollow little huskes or Celles his roote at the first is long and slender but whan the plante waxeth olde the roote is full of knots and knobbes and diuided into sundry branches and finally this herbe is
that Monophillon were a kinde of Lylie Conuall it hath a leafe not much vnlike the greatest leaues of Iuie with many ribbes or sinewes alongst the same like to a Plantayne leafe the whiche one leafe or single leafe doth alwayes spring vp out of the grounde alone sauing whan the herbe is in floure and seede for than it bareth two leaues vpon a rounde tender stalke like to the other but smaller standing one aboue an other aboue the sayde leaues groweth the small white floures like to Lylie Conuall but not of so strong a sauour after whiche there riseth small bearies or rounde frute whiche is white at the firste and afterward redde The roote is very slender and creepeth in the grounde †The Place Lyllie Conuall and Monophillon growth in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme They do both floure in May. Lilium Conuallium Lillie Conuall Vnifolium Monophillon †The Names Lyllie Conuall is now called in Latine Lilium conuallium that is to say the Lyllie of the vallie in English Lyllie conuall May blossoms May lyllies Lyryconfancy in Frēch Grand Muguet in high Douch Meyenblumlin in base Almaigne Meybloemkens Monophillon is now called in Latine Vnifolium it may be also called in English one Leafe one Blade or Singleleafe in high Douch Einblat and in base Almaigne Eenbladt and it should seeme to be a kinde of Lillie conuall seing that it is so well like vnto it in floures and seede †The Nature They be in complexion hoate and dry like the Lillies †The Vertues They write that the water of the floures of Lyllie conuall distilled with good strong wine and dronken in the quantitie of a sponefull restoreth speach to them that are fallen into the Apoplexie that it is good for them that haue the Paulsie and the Goute and it comforteth the Harte The same water as they say doth strengthen the Memorie and restoreth it agayne to his naturall vigor whan thorough sicknesse it is diminished Besides this they say also that it is good to be dropped in against the inflāmation and watering of the eyes The roote of Monophillon is counted of some late writers for a soueraigne and speciall remedie against the Pestilence and alpoyson whan the weighte of halfe a Dragme of the pouder of the sayde roote is giuen in vineger or good wine or in both mixte togither according to the nature or complexion of the sicke so that vpon the receyte thereof they go to bedde and sweate well Monophillon is good to be layde with his roote vnto greene woundes to preserue them from inflammation and Apostumation Of Calfes snowte / or Snap Dragon Chap. xxvij †The Kindes THere are in this countrie two sortes of this herbe the one great and the other small The great hath brode leaues and it is the true Antirrhinum of Dioscorides The smaller kinde hath long narrow leaues Antirrhinon The great snap Dragon or Calues snowte Orontium Small Calues snowte ⧠The Description THe great Antirrhinon hath straight round stemmes full of branches the leaues be of a darke greene somewhat long and broade not muche vnlike the leaues of Anagallis or Punpernell alwayes two leaues growing one against an other like the leaues of Anagallis There groweth at the top of the stalke alongst the brāches certayne floures one aboue an other somwhat long and broade before after the fasshion of a frogs mouth not muche vnlike the floures of Tode flaxe but muche larger and without tayles of a faint yellowissh colour After them comme long round huskes the foremost part whereof are somwhat like to a Calfes snowte or Moosell wherin the seede is conteyned There is also an other kinde of great Antirrhinum whose leaues belong narrow almost like to the leaues of Tode flaxe whiche beareth sometimes a redde floure sometimes a faynt redde and sometimes a white floure else in all things like to the aboue saide The small Antirrhinum his stalkes be small and tender not very full of branches his leaues be long and narrow betwixte whiche and the stalkes growe the small red floures like to the aforesayde floures but a great deale smaller Whan they are past there riseth vp small rounde heades or knappes with little hooles in them like to a dead scull within whiche is conteyned smal seede †The Place The first and great Antirrhinum groweth not in this countrey but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes where as it is sowen The second groweth in some fieldes of this countrie by high wayes and vnder hedges †The Tyme The great Antirrhinum floureth in August and Iuly The small Antirrhinum beareth floures in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Antirrhinum and Syluestris Anagallis in English Calfes snowte and Snapdragon in French Grand Antirrhinum and Moron violet in Douch Orant and of some Calfs nuese The second kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orontium in English small Snapdragon or Calfs snowte in French Petit Antirrhinum in Douch cleyne Orant of this kinde Galen hath made mention in lib 9. de Medicamentis secundùm loca amongst the Medicines whiche Archigenes made for them that haue the Iaunders And it seemeth to be the Phyteuma of Dioscorides called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature The great Antirrhinum is hoate and of like nature and complexion vnto Aster Atticus called in English Sharewurte as Galen wryteth The small is hoate and dry and of suttell partes †The Vertues Some haue writen that who so carrieth about him the great Antirrhinum cannot take harme or be hurte with any venim or poyson whatsoeuer The small Antirrhinum doth scatter away and consume the yellow colour of the bodie whiche remayneth after one hath had the Iaundice if one be well wasshed with the decoction thereof Of water lyllie Chap. xxviij †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of water Lyllies that is to say the yellow the white not onely differing in floure but also in roote †The Description THe white water Lillie hath great broade roundishe leaues sometimes fleeting or swimming aboue the water and somtimes vnder the which all do spring vp from the roote vpon long rounde smooth stalkes The floures do also growe vpon suche like stemmes comming from the roote and they haue in the middle many yellow threedes or thrommes compassed round about with xxvj or xxviij white leaues set in very good order each leaf almost as large as ones finger or like in proportiō to the leaues of Houselike or Sengreene Whan the floures be past there cōme in their steede rounde knoppes or bolliens wherin the seede lieth which is large and swarte The roote is blacke and rough sometimes of the bignesse of ones arme with many threedy strings The yellow water Lyllie his leaues be very muche like to the white his floures be yellow and smaller then the floures of the white the whiche being fallen there
specially good for the teeth The leaues of this herbe boyled in wine and layde to do scatter and driue away all small tumours and wheales and pushes of the body Of Lillie non Gulbus Chap. xlvi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of this Lillie whereof one hath a yellowe flower the other a darke Crimsin or purple flower †The Description THE yellowe Lillie non bulbus his leaues be long and narrow from amongst which there springeth vp a naked stalke of two or three foote high without any small leaues growing by it at the top it diuideth and parteth it selfe agayne into other small stalkes or branches vpon which growe flowers muche lyke to the other Lillies of a fainte or Ochre colour yellowe and and pleasant sweete smell The rootes of this kinde are diuers and many hanging togither like the rootes of the yellowe Asphodill or Daffodill sauing they be greater and thicker The darke red and purple Lillie non bulbus in stalke rootes is like to the other but his flowers be of a darke or dim red purple colour somewhat larger then the flowers of the yellow kinde the leaues be also larger and rougher The flowers of both kindes do last but a very small time not aboue a day at the furthest especially the purple whiche fadeth very lightly withereth often times before Sonne set †The Place These Lillies are strange in this Coūtrie Flaunders and are not founde sauing in gardens wheras they grow easily and prosper wel Lilium non Bulbosum Lillie non bulbus †The Time They flower with the other Lillies and somwhat after and somtimes they flower againe in Autumne when the whether is milde and pleasant †The Names The Latinistes do call this kinde of Lillies Lilium non bulbosum And it seemeth to be that kinde of Lillie which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemerocallis for as Atheneus writeth it is called Hemerocallis only bycause it lasteth but a day Moreouer Hemerocallis is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lilium syluestre and Lilium marinum whiche names are most agreeable vnto these kindes of Lillies †The Nature and Vertues These kindes of Lillies are neither vsed in meate nor medicine and therefore their nature and vertues are yet vnknowen Of the Lillie of Alexandria Chap. xlvij †The Description THe leaues of this kind of Lillie are long and narrow amongst whiche riseth vp a litle smooth tender stalke at the top whereof there growe diuers faire and pleasant flowers of a shining white colour and proportioned like to a little Lillie in the midle whereof ouer and aboue certayne smal threddy stalkes or thrommes there commeth foorth one somewhat greater then the rest lyke to an aglet or triāgled huske in which after the falling of of the flowers the seede groweth The roote is rounde after the manner of Bulbus and somewhat great white of colour diuiding it selfe easily into diuers other rootes ¶ The Place This is also a stranger with vs. And it seemeth that it was first brought from Alexandria into Italie and these regiōs or Countries †The Names This Lillie is called Lilium Alexandrinum but of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ornithogalum and bycause there is yet another Ornithogalum described in the fifth parte of this worke this is therefore called Ornithogalum maius Ornithogalum maius †The Nature and Vertues Dioscorides writeth of Ornithogal that the bulbus or round roote thereof may be eaten and vsed for meate either rawe or sodden Of the Hyacinthes Chap. xlviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Hyacinthes yet ouer and aboue diuers others whiche are also counted Hyacinthes whereof we will write in the next Chapter †The Description THE first Hyacinthes which are common in the lower Germanie haue long narrowe leaues amongst which spring vp smooth stalkes which being loden litle flowers from the middle euen vp to the very top are with the waight and burden of the same made crooked or forced to fal bende or stoupe The litle flowers are long and holowe and afterwarde somewhat spread abrode like vnto Lillie Conuall not so strong in smell but yet pleasant and sweete of colour most commonly blew lyke azure and sometimes purple and sometimes as white as snowe gray or ashe coloured when these flowers are fallen there folow triangled huskes or coddes wherein the small rounde seede is conteyned Hyacinthus vulgaris c. Hyacinthus Orientalis c. The Oriental Hyacinthes are much like to the aforesayde but his leaues stalkes and rootes are greater and the flowers be also larger of an excellenter blewe colour †The Place The common Hyacinthes do grow about the borders of fallowed feeldes and pastures in sandy or grauely ground and are founde in many places especially about Wincaunton Storton Mier in that West partes of Englande c. †The Tyme The common Hyacinthe flowreth about the ende of Maye and in Iune or somewhat rather The Oriental Hyacinthes do flower before the common sort sometimes in Marche †The Names These are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hyacinthi as some thinke Vaccinia in Englishe also Hyacinthe or Crowtoes but these be not those Hyacinthes wherein the notes or mourning markes are printed for they are in the red purple Lillies as before is sayde †The Nature The roote of Hyacinthe is drie in the first degree and colde in the seconde but the seede is drie in the thirde degree Yet temperate twixt heate and colde †The Vertues The roote of Hyacinthe boyled in wine and dronken stoppeth the belly prouoketh vrine and helpeth much agaynst the venemous bitings of the feeld Spidder The seede is of the same vertue and is mightier in stopping of the laske it helpeth them that haue the bloody flixe and if it be dronken in wine it is very good agaynst the falling sicknesse Of other sortes of Hyacinthes Chap. xlix ¶ The Kyndes BYsydes the two sortes of Hyacinthes whiche in deede are the right Hyacinthes described in the former Chapter there be also diuers flowers which are also taken for Hyacinthes and are now reckned amongst them Hyacinthus neotericorum primus Hyacinthus neotericorum tertius †The Description THE first of these kindes of Hyacinthes hath long narrowe greene leaues amongst which are slender stalkes lōger then a hand breadth bearing many trimme flowers growing togither about the top of the stalke in a cluster or bundel lyke to a nosegay or litle bunche of grapes especially before the opening or spreading abrode of the flowers The roote is rounde after the order of Bulbus or Onyons and doth quickly encrease acd multiplie diuers others The flowers are not muche vnlike to Lillie conual most commonly of an azure or skie colour wherof some are more shining cleare some are of a deeper colour sometimes they be also white and sometimes ye shall see of them changing towardes a carnation or flesh colour whereof the white
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
or as it were embrace or clippe aboute the stalke the spikie tuffte is short and thicke with a number of floures of a bright or white purple colour speckled on the inside with a great many purple spottes and small darke lynes fasshioned also like to an open Hoode or Helmet out of whiche also there hang certayne thinges as it were small rabbets or yong myse or littell men without heades with their armes legges spread and cast abroade in like manner as they were wonte to paynte little chyldren hanging out of Saturnes mouth at the foote of the stalke are a couple of roūd buttons as big as Nutmegges with certayne great hearie strings or thredes annexed or growing by them Cynosorchios prima species The first kinde of Standergrasse or Dogges Cullion Cynosorchios tertia species The thirde kinde of Dogges Cullion The thirde kinde of Cynosorchios putteth vp narrow straked leaues narrower than the leaues of the seconde Cynosorchios somewhat lyke the leaues of Rybworte Plantayne a shorte stemme of nine inches long The floures growe thicke togither in a shorte spykie busshe or tuffte of a Chestnutte or darke purple colour without and whitishe within his rootes also are like to a payre of stones or Cullions wherof also one is bigger than the other The fourth Cynosorchios in his floures is like to the thirde but in leaues it is like the second kinde The fifth Cynosorchios his leaues be somewhat broade like to the second and his spike like bushe or toppe is meetely long but his floures are of a faint or pale greene colour and that ragged thing which hangeth downe out of them is as it were foure square the rootes are like to the rest †The seconde Kinde THe second kinde of Orchios called Testiculus Morionis is of twoo sortes Male and Female Testiculus Morionis mas Fooles Cullion the male kinde Testiculus Morionis foemina Fooles Cullion the female The male kind hath fiue or sixe long broade and smooth leaues almost like to Lillie leaues sauing they are full of blacke spottes the small floures do likewise grow altogither in a spykie busshe or tuffte in proportion like to a Fooles hoode or Coxcombe that is to say wide open or gaping before and as it were crested aboue hauing cares standing vp by euery side and a tayle hanging downe behinde of a violet colour and pleasant sauour The Female his leaues are likewise smooth The floures also are somwhat like the Male sauing they haue not such smal eares standing vp Of these some be of a deepe violet colour some white as Snow and some Carnation or flessh colour Of this kinde there is also an other sorte with narrow straked leaues like to the leaues of narrow Plantayne whiche some cal Ribworte The floures of this kinde are of an orient redde purple colour Testiculus morionis mas alter Another fooles cullion of the male kind Testiculi morionis feminae species A kinde of female fooles Cullion There is yet an other muche smaller kinde with fiue or sixe small leaues and a fewe small floures thin set and standing farre a sonder one from another of a sleight violet colour turning towarde Azure or skie colour and sometimes white or of a decayed and darke purple colour and of a grieuous vnpleasant sauour ¶ The thirde Kynde THe thirde kinde of Orchios called in Latine Hirci testiculus and Tragorchis his leaues are like to the firste leaues of the Lillie sauing they be smaller but yet they be larger than any of the leaues of the other Orchios The stalke is of a foote long and oftentimes wrapped aboute alowe with some leaues vpon the sayde stalke or stemme groweth a greate many of small floures togither in a spikie tuffte or bushe of a very strong fasshion or making much like to a Lezarde bycause of the twisted or wrythen tayles and speckled heades Euery one of the sayde floures alone is at the firste as it were a small rounde close huske of the bignesse or quantitie of a Pease and whan it openeth there groweth out of it a little long and slender tayle the whiche is white aboue where as it is fastened to the stalke and speckled with redde speckes hauing vpon eache side a small thing adioyned to it like to a little legge or foote the residue of the Tragorchis sayde tayle is twisted about hangeth downewarde The floure is of a ranke stinking sauour like to the smell of a Goate and prouoketh headache if it be much and often smelled vnto The rootes are like a couple of Nutmegges or a payre of stones †The fourth Kynde THe fourth kinde of Orchios called Scrapias is of three sortes one hauing a floure somewhat like a Butterflie an other hath in his floure a certayne figure of a Dorre or Drone Bee the thirde hath in it the proportion of a certayne flie The firste Serapias Orchis hath two or three leaues somewhat long broade smooth yet not so large as the leaues of white Lillies the stalke is of a foote long on which groweth here and there in a spikie bushe or top certayne pleasant white floures somwhat like Butterflies with a little tayle hanging behind in whiche is a certaine sweete iuyce or moisture like hony in tast and the sayde floures are ioyned to the stemme as it were with small twisted stalkes the rootes are like to the other sortes of Orchis The secōd Serapias Orchis hath narrow leaues certaine of them are crokedly turned and wrythed aboute next the groūd the other grow about the stalke whiche is of a span or nine inches long aboute the top whereof grow certayne floures whose lowest or basest leafe is like to a Dorre or Droone Bee but the vpper parte and leaues of the floure are sometimes of agreenish colour but most commonly of a light violet or skie colour The third which is the least of al the Serapias Orchis hath small floures like to a kinde of Horseflies Orchis Serapias primus Orchis Serapias alter †The fifth Kynde THe fifth kind of Orchis is the least of all and commonly it hath not aboue thre smal leaues with veynes somewhat like Plantayne but no bigger than fielde Sorrell or the small leaues of the cōmon Daysies The stalke is small and slender of a span long aboute whiche growe little white floures of a sweete sauour almost like to Lyllie Conuall placed in a certayne order and winding aboute the stalke like to a kinde of Hatbande or the rolling of a Cable Rope the roote is like to a payre of Stones or small long kernelles wherof one is harde and firme the other is lighte and Fungus or spungie †The Place The Stādelwurts or Stādergrasse do grow most cōmōly in moyst places marisshes woodes and medowes and some delite to grow in fatte clay groundes as the kinde whiche is called Tragorchis whiche lightly groweth in very good ground some grow in barren ground But the sweete Orchis or Ladie traces are moste commōly to be found
meates †The Tyme This herbe floureth in Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Cunila and Satureia in Shoppes Saturegia in Italian Coniella Sauoregia in Spanish Segurella in English somer Sauorie and common garden Sauorie in French Sarriette Sauorie in Douch garten Hyssop zwibel Hysop Kunel Saturey Sadaney in base Almaigne Cuele Satureye Lochtekol †The Nature Sommer or garden Sauorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues This Sauorie as Dioscorides saith is in operation like vnto Time and is very good and necessarie to be vsed in meates Of Tyme Chap. lxij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Tyme the one called Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie the other is our common vsuall Tyme Thymum Creticum Tyme of Candie Thymum durius Our common Tyme ⧠The Description TYme of Candie hath many smal wooddy stalkes set round about with smal narrow leaues at the top of the stalkes groweth certayne knoppie tuftes like vnto small short eares thrust togither not much vnlike the flourie spike or knops of Staecados but much smaller and bringing forth purple floures The roote is brittle and of wooddie substance The common time also hath many small weake and wooddie brāches The leaues be small of sharpe and byting taste The floures growe at the top of the stalkes of incarnate colour The roote is small and wooddishe †The Place The first kinde of Tyme groweth in hoate countries in dry barren soyle and stony mountaynes and such like vntilled places And it is found very plentifull in the countrie of Greece but principally in Candie The second groweth also in hoate countries vpō the stonie mountaynes in leane barren ground and such like places as in many places of Spayne and Italie and throughout all Lanquedoc whereas it groweth very plentifully †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Tyme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Thymus in Italian Thymo in Spanish Tomillo The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymū capitatum of the later writers Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie The second is called also in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides Thymum durius the which is seldome foūd in season without his Epithymus it is called in English Tyme the common garden Tyme in French Thym in Douch Thymus †The Nature Tyme is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Tyme boyled in water hony and dronken is good against a hard painefull cough and shortnesse of breath it prouoketh vrine expulseth the Secondine and the dead fruite from the Matrix it bringeth to women their naturall termes and dissolueth clotted or congeled bloud in the bodie The same made into pouder and taken in waight of three drammes with honied Vineger whiche they call Oximel and a little Salte purgeth by stole tough and clammy flegme and sharpe and cholerique humors and all corruption of bloud The same taken in like sorte is good against the Sciatica the payne in the side the breast also it is good against blastings and windinesse of the side and bellie and of the stones or genitors and it is profitable for those that are fearefull melancholique and troubled in sprite or minde Tyme eaten in the morning fasting and in the euening before Supper is good for bleared and watering eyes the paine in the same And it is also good for the same purpose to be often vsed in meates It is also singuler against the Goute taken in wine out of the time of the greefe with a dramme of Oximel whan one is tormented with the same Tyme mingled with honie after the māner of a Lohoc to be often licked in clenseth the breast ripeth flegme causing it easily to be spet or cast out Tyme stamped with Vineger consumeth and wasteth colde swellings and taketh away Wartes being layde therevpon The same pound with Barlie meale wine appeaseth that payne of the hanch or hippe which some call the Sciatica Goute being applied therevnto Time is also good to be giuen to them that haue the falling sicknesse to smell vpon Of Thymbra / or winter Sauorie Chap. lxiij †The Description WInter Sauorie hath many slender wooddie stalkes set full of smal narrow leaues The floures be small incarnate or white growing in littell huskes alōgst the stalkes betwixte the leaues floureth by little littell from the lowest parte of the stalke euen vp to the toppe of the branches leauing after the floures be fallen away as it were a greene spikie eare or tufte cōteyning the seede whiche is very small The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth in certaine places of Fraunce especially in Languedor other hoate countreys in vntilled places It is found in this countrey in the gardens of suche as haue pleasure in herbes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iuly August and somtimes later Thymbra †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymbra Cunila in English Tymbra Winter Sauorie also Pepper Hyssope in French Thymbre and Sarrietted Angliterre of some Douch Herborists Tenderick This is not Satureia for Satureia is an herbe differing from Thymbra as Columella and Plinie haue very well taught vs. †The Nature Tymbra is hoate and dry like Tyme †The Vertues Winter Sauorie is good and profitable to be vsed in meates like Tyme Sauorie and common Hyssope It hath power and vertue like Tyme being taken in the like sorte as Dioscorides sayth Of wilde Tyme Chap. lxiiij †The Description THe running Tyme hath diuers smal wooddie brāches somtimes trayling alongst the ground somtimes growing vpright of a foote half long set full of smal leaues much like to the leaues of common garden Time but much larger The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes like to crownes or garlands after the maner of Horehound floures or knops most commonly of a purplered colour somtimes but very seldom as white as snow The roote is harde and of wooddie substance with many threeddie strings †The Place This herbe groweth plentifully in all this coūtrie in places that are rude rough dry vntilled and stonie by the high way sides and in the borders of fieldes †The Tyme Running Tyme floureth from after May vntill the end of Sommer †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Serpillum and in some places Pulegium montanum in Italian Serpillo in Spanish Sepollo Serpam in English wilde Tyme Puliall mountayne Pellamountayne running Time in Frēch Serpolet in high douch Quendel and of some also Kumel Kieulin in base Almaigne Quendel in Brabant Onser vrouwen bedstroo in some places wilden Thymus Many iudge it to be that whiche the Greekes do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Serpyllum hortense howbeit it
dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues The auncient Phisitions are of contrary iudgements about the vertues of Basill Galen saith that for his superfluous moysture it is not good to be taken into the body Dioscorides saith that the same eaten is hurtfull to the sight and ingendreth windinesse and doth not lightly digest Plinie writeth that the same eaten is very good and conuenient for the stomacke that if it be dronken with Vineger it dryueth away ventosities or windinesse stayeth the appetite or desire to vomit prouoketh vrine besides this he saith it is good for the hydropsie and for them that haue the Iaunders The later writers say that it doth fortefie strengthen the harte the brayne and that it reioyceth and recreateth the spirites is good agaynst Melancholie and sadnesse that if it be taken in wine it cureth an olde cough The same after the minde of Galen is good to be layde too outwardly for it doth digest and ripe Wherefore as Dioscorides saith the same layde too with Barley meale oyle of Roses and Vineger is good for hoate swellings Basill pounde or stamped with wine appeaseth the payne of the eyes And the iuyce of the same doth clense mundifie the same and putteth away all obscuritie dimnesse drieth vp the Catarrhes or flowing humors that fall into the eyes being distilled or often dropped into the same Acinos The herbe brused with vineger holden to the nose of suche as are faynt fallē into a sound bringeth them againe to thēselues And the seede therof giuē to be smelled vpō causeth the sternutation or niesing The wilde Basil howsoeuer it be takē stoppeth the laske the inordinate course of the Moneths Of Vaccaria / or Cow Basill Chap. lxxij †The Description THat herbe which men do now cal Vaccaria hath roūd stalks full of ioyntes branches the branches haue vpon euery knot or ioynt two leaues somwhat broad not much vnlike to the leaues of Basill At the top of the brāches are smal red floures after the whiche there cōmeth round huskes almost like that huskes of Henebane in whiche is conteined the seede which is blacke like to the seede of Nigella Forte Ocimoides †The Place This herbe is found in certaine fruitefull fieldes or pastures alongst by the riuer of Mense In this countrey the Herboristes do plante it in their gardens †The Tyme It floureth from after Midsomer vntill September †The Names The Herboristes do call this herbe Vaccaria and it seemeth to be the herbe whiche is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimastrum and after the opinion of some as witnesseth Galen Philitaerium whiche is a kinde of Echium in Nicander it is called of Valerius Cordus Tamecnemum we may call it fielde Basill or Cowe Basill †The Nature The seede of Ocimastrum is hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede of Ocimastrum is good for such as are bitten of Serpentes Vipers and such other venemous beasts if it be dronken with wine Of Oke of Hierusalem Chap. lxxiij †The Description THis herbe at the first hath small leaues deepely cut in or iagged aboute and somewhat rough or hearie vnderneath the leafe is of a red purple colour afterward it putteth forth a straight or vpright stem of a foote long or more with diuers braunches on the sides so that it sheweth like a little tree The leaues that groweth thereon are long and deepely cut hearie and wrinckled fat or thicke in handling in proportion like to the first leaues sauing they be longer and nothing at all redde or purple vnderneath The seede groweth clustering about the branches like to the yong clusters or blowings of the grape or vine The roote is tender and hath hearie or threddie strings The whole herbe is of an amiable and pleasant smell and of a faynte yellow colour and whan the seede is ripe the plante dryeth and waxeth all yellow and of a more stronger sauour †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Fraunce by the waters or ryuer sides but it groweth not of him selfe in this countrey but whereas it hath ben sowen once it springeth vp lightly euery yeare after Botrys †The Tyme It beareth his clustering seede in August but it is beste gathering of it in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Botrys of some in Cappadocia as Dioscorides writeth Ambrosia vnknowen in Shoppes it is called in English Oke of Hierusalem and of some Oke of Paradise in French Pyment and Pyment Royall in high Douch Traubekraut and after the same in base Almaigne it is called Druyuencruyt that is to say Vine Blossom herbe †The Nature The Oke of Paradise is hoate and dry in the seconde degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues Oke of Paradise boyled in wine is good to be drōken of them whose breast is stopped and are troubled with the shortnesse of winde or breath and cannot fetche their breath easily for it cutteth and wasteth grosse humors and tough flegme that is gathered togither about the Lunges and in the breast It prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the termes if it be taken as is aboue sayde The same dryed is also right good to be vsed in meates as Hysope Tyme and other like hearbes yeelding vnto meates a very good taste and sauour Oke of Hierusalem dryed and layde in presses and Warderobes giueth a pleasant smell vnto clothes and preserueth them from mothes and vermin Of the kyndes of Mynte Chap. lxxiiij †The Kindes THe Mynte is diuers aswell in proportion as in his manner of growing whereof some be garden Myntes and some be wilde Myntes The garden Myntes are of foure sortes that is to say Curlde Mynte Crispe Mynte Spere Mynte and Harte Mynte The wilde Mynte is of two sortes that is the Horse Mynte and the Water Mynte ⧠The Description THE firste kinde of garden Myntes hath fouresquare browne redde and hearie stemmes with leaues almost rounde snipte or dented rounde about of a darke greene colour and of fauour very good and pleasant The floures are Crymsin or reddishe and do grow in knops about the stalke lyke whorles or like the floures of Pennyroyall The roote hath threddie stringes and creepeth alongst the ground putteth foorth yong shootes or springs yearely The second kind is very like vnto the first in his round swarte and sweete sauouring leaues also in his square stemmes and the creeping rootes in the grounde but his floures growe not in knoppes or whorles rounde aboute the stemmes but at the toppe of the stalkes lyke to a small spike or busshie eare The thirde kinde hath long narrow leaues almost like wythie leaues but they be greater whiter softer and hearie The floures grow at the top of the stalkes like spikie eares as in the second kinde The roote is tender with threddishe strings and springeth foorth in diuers places like to the others The fourth kinde
is like to the abouesayde in his leaues stalkes and roote but that his floures are not fasshioned like spykie eares growing at the toppes of the stalkes but they compasse grow round about the stalkes like whorles or garlandes like to the Curled or Crispe Mynte Menta satiua prima Curlde Mynte Menta satiua secunda Crispe Mynte or Crispe Balme Menta satiua tertia Spere Mynte or right garden Mynte The second wilde kinde whiche is the sixth in number of the Myntes and called water Mynte is much like vnto the Curlde Mynte in his stalkes leaues and creeping rootes sauing that his leaues stalkes be greater of stronger sauour The floures be purple growing at the top of the stalkes in small tuftes or knoppes like round bullets †The Place The garden Myntes are founde in this countrie in gardens especially the Curlde Mynte the which is most common and best knowen The wilde kindes do growe in lowe moyst places as neare vnto springs and on the brinkes of ditches ⧠The Tyme All the sortes of Myntes do floure most commonly in August †The Names The garden Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Mentha in Spanish Yerua Ortelana yerua buena in English Myntes in French Mente in high Douch Munte The first kind is called in high Douch Deyment and Kraunszdyment that is to say Curlde Mynte in French Mente crespue in base Almaigne Bruyn heylighe The second is also called of the high Douchmen Krausmuntz and Krauszbalsam that is to say in French Baulme crespu in English Crispe Baulme or Crispe Mynte also Crosse Mynte in base Almaigne Cruysmunte and of some also Heylighe The third kinde is called at this time in the Shoppes of this countrey Menta Sarracenica Menta Romana in English Spere Mynte or the cōmon garden Mynte also of some Baulme Mynte in French du Baulme and Mente Romayne in high Douch Balsam Muntz vnser frauwen Muntz Spitz muntz Spitzbalsam in base Almaigne Roomsche munte and Balsem munte Menta satiua quarta Harte Mynte Mentastrum Horse Mynte Sisymbrium Water Mynte The fourth kinde is called in high Douch Hertzkraut that is to say Harte wurte or Harte Mynte in French Herbe de cueur of the later wryters in Latine Menta Romana angustifolia Flore coronata siue Cardiaca Mentha The fifth wilde kinde which is the fifth kinde of Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mentastrum and of the newe writers Menta aquatica in English Horse Mynte in French Mente Cheualine ou sauuage in high Douche Katzenbalsam Roszmuntz wilder Balsam wild Muntz in base Almaigne Witte water Munte The seconde wilde kynde whiche is the sixthe Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium and of Damegeron Scimbron as Constantine the Emperour witnesseth in English Fisshe Mynte Brooke Mynte Water Mynte and white water Mynte in French Mente Aquatique in high Douch Fischmuntz Wassermuntz in base Almaigne Roo munte and Roo water munte †The Nature All the kindes of Myntes whiles they are greene are hoate and dry in the second degree but dried they are hoate in the thirde degree especially the wild kindes whiche are hoater then the garden Myntes †The Vertues Garden Mynte taken in meate or drinke is very good and profitable for the stomacke for it warmeth and strengtheneth the same and drieth vp all superfluous humors gathered in the same it appeaseth and cureth all the paynes of the stomacke and causeth good digestion Two or three branches of Myntes dronken with the iuyce of soure Pomegranets do swage and appease the Hicquet or yeoxe and vomiting and it cureth the cholerique Passion otherwise called the felonie that is whan one doth vomit continually and hath a laske withall The iuyce of Myntes drōken with vineger stayeth the vomiting of bloud and killeth the rounde wormes The same boyled in water and drōken by the space of three dayes togither cureth the gryping payne and knawing in the belly with the colique and stoppeth the inordinate course of the menstruall issue Mynte boyled in wine and dronken easeth women which are tomuch grieued with harde and perillous trauell in childebaring Mynte mengled with parched Barley meale and layde vnto tumors and sweuings doth wast and consume them Also the same layde to the forehead cureth headache It is very good to be applied vnto the breastes that are stretched foorth and swollen and full of milke for it slaketh and softeneth the same and keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest The same being very well pounde with Salte is a speciall medicine to be applied vpon the biting of madde Dogges The iuyce of Mynte mengled with honied water cureth the payne of the eares being dropped therein and taketh away the asperitie and roughnesse of the tongue whan it is rubbed or wasshed therewith The sauour or sent of Mynte reioyceth man wherefore they sow strow the wilde Mynte in this countrie in places whereas feastes are kepte and in Churches The Horse Mynte called Mentastrum hath not bene vsed of the Auncients in medicine The water Mynte is diuers wayes of the lyke operation vnto the garden Mynte it cureth the trenches or gryping payne in the small of the bellie or bowels it stayeth the yeoxe or hicket and vomyting and appeaseth headache to be vsed for the same purpose as the garden Mynte It is also singuler against the grauell and stone of the kydneys and against the strangury whiche is whan one cannot pisse but droppe after droppe to be boyled in wine and dronke They lay is with good successe vnto the stingings of Bees and Waspes Of Calamynt Chap. Ixxv. †The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Calamynt described of the Auncient Gretians each of them hauing a seuerall name and difference Calaminthae alterum genus Corne Mynte or wilde Pennyryall Calaminthae tertium genus Catmynte †The Description THE first kinde whiche may be called Mountayne Calamynte hath harde square stalkes couered with a certayne hoare or fine Cotton The leaues be somwhat like the leaues of Basill but they are rougher The floures grow onely by one side of the stalke amongst the leaues somtimes three or foure vpon a stem of a blewishe colour the roote is threddy This herbe altogither is not much vnlike the secōd kinde of Calamynte sauing it is greater the stalkes be harder and the leaues be rougher and blacker and it creepeth not alongst the grounde but groweth vp from the yearth The second kinde which is called wild Pennyryall hath also square stalkes couered with softe Cotton almost creeping by the ground hauing euer two and two leaues standing one against an other small and softe not much vnlike the leaues of Penny royall sauing they are larger whiter The floures grow about the stalkes in knoppes like to whorles or garlandes of a blewishe purple colour The roote is small and threddie The thirde kinde whiche is called
may be vsed in steede of it Of Horminum / wilde Clarey / or Oculus Christi Chap. lxxx †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Horminum as Dioscorides writeth the garden and wilde Horminum Horminum satiuum Dubble Clarey Horminum syluestre Oculus Christi †The Description THe garden Horminum hath leaues in a maner rounde and somewhat ouerlayde with a softe Cotton almost like Horehounde The stalkes be square and hearie of the heigth of a foote bearing all aboue at the top fiue or sixe fayre small leaues of a blewish purple colour the leaues stand at euery ioynte one against an other amongst the whiche there commeth forth little huskes that bring forth purplish blew floures The which whan the seede beginneth to waxe ripe they turne towardes the grounde and hang downewardes hauing in them blacke seede and somewhat long the whiche whan it is a little while soked or steeped in any licour it waxeth clammy or slimie almost like to the kernelles of Quinces The wilde Horminum beareth great broade leaues gasht or natched roūd aboute The stalkes also be square and somewhat hearie but yet they be longer and bigger than the stalkes of the garden Horminum The floures be of a deepe blew colour and do also grow by certayne spaces aboute the stemme like to whorles or Crownettes out of little huskes whiche do also turne downewardes whan the seede is ripe the seede is of a dunne or blackishe colour round also slymie whan it is steeped or sooked The roote is of wooddie substance and blacke These twoo herbes haue no speciall sauour especially the garden kinde for the floures of the wilde kinde do sauour somewhat like to Clarey †The Place These two kindes are founde in this countrie sowen in the gardens of Herboristes ⧠The Tyme They yeelde their floures in Iune Iuly and August in the whiche season their seede is also ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Horminum and Geminalis The first is called Horminum satiuum and Hortense The seconde Horminum syluestre they may be both called wilde Clarie some call thē dubble Clarey and some Oculi Christi †The Nature Horminum is of complexion hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede of Horminum mengled with Hony driueth away the dimnesse of the sight and clarifieth the eyes The same seede with water stamped and tempered togither draweth out thornes and splinters and resolueth or scattereth all sortes of swellings being layde or applied thereto The same vertue hath the greene herbe whan it is stamped or brused and layde vpon The same seede dronken with wine stirreth vp bodely luste especially the seede of the wilde kinde which is of greater efficacie than the seede of garden Horminum Of Horehounde Chap. lxxxi †The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of Horehounde in fasshion one like to another The whiche for all that in Latine haue their particular or seuerall names The first kinde is our white Horehounde the seconde is the blacke stinking Horehounde The third is Stachys or field Horehounde The fourth is water or Marrishe Horehounde †The Description THe white Horehounde hath many square white hoare or hearie stalkes the leaues be rounde crompled hearie ayshe coloured and of no lothesome sauour The floures be white and growing forth of small sharpe and prickley huskes compassing the stalkes like in fasshion to a ringe or garlande in whiche prickley huskes after that the floure is vanisshed there is founde a rough seede The roote is blacke with many threddie strings The blacke Horehounde is somewhat like vnto the white The stalkes be also square and hearie but yet they be blacke or swarte The leaues be larger and longer than the leaues of white Horehounde dented or snipte rounde aboute the edges almost lyke vnto Nettell leaues they are blacke and of a strong vnpleasant sauour The floures are purple lyke to the dead Nettell growing in whorling knoppes rounde aboute the stalkes like to white Horehounde Marrubium White Horehounde Ballote Blacke Horehounde Stachys or wilde Horehounde hath a round stemme or stalke full of ioyntes couered with a fine white woolly downe or cotton the leaues do euer grow by coupples two and two at euery ioynte and are white and woolly almost like the leaues of white Horehounde sauing they be longer and whiter The floures grow like Crownets or garlandes compassing the stalke of yellow colour and sometimes purple The roote is harde and of a wooddy substance All this herbe differeth nothing in smell or sauour from white Horehounde Bysides these there is yet an other herbe called sweete smelling Horehoūd or sweete wilde Sage the whiche beareth square stalkes thicke and woollie The leaues be whitish and soft and somewhat dented rounde about but much longer larger and broader than the leaues of the other Horehoundes The floures be reddish growing about the stalkes like to whorles or garlādes The seede is blacke and rounde The roote is yellowish The water Horehounde is much like to blacke Horehounde aswell in his stalkes and prickle huskes as in his leaues and floures The leaues be also of a swarte greene colour but larger and more deepely indented and not very hearie but somewhat crompled and wrinckled like to the leaues of the Birche tree whan they begin to spring The floures be white and smaller than the floures of the other Horehoundes †The Place The white Horehound and the blacke do grow with vs in all rough and vnmanured places by walles hedges wayes and aboute the borders of fieldes The third groweth on the playnes of Almaigne and else where it is not to be founde in this countrie but in the gardens of Herborists The water Horehounde is found very plenteously growing in this coūtrie by diches and watercourses and in lowe moyst places †The Tyme All these herbes do moste commonly floure in Iuly The sauery Horehounde or wilde Sage doth floure in August †The Names The firste kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Marrubium in Shops Prassium in Italian Marrabio in Spanish Marruuios in English Horehounde and white Horehounde in French Marrubin and Marochemin also Marrube blanc in high Douche weisz Andorn Marobel Gottszvergisz and Andorn mennlin in base Almaigne Malroue Malruenie Witte Andoren and Andoren Manneken Stachys Mountayne Horehounde The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Marrubium nigrum Marrubiastrum in Shoppes Prassium faetidum in Italian Marrobio nero Marrobio fendo in Spanishe Marroios negros in English blacke Horehounde and stinking Horehounde of some blacke Archangell in French Marrubin noir Marrubin puant in high Douch schwartz Andorn and Andorn weiblin in base Almaigne stinckende and swerte Malruenie and Andoren or Andoren wijfken The thirde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Stachys vnknowen in Shoppes it may be also called in English Stachys or wilde Horehounde in Frenche Saulge sanuage in high Douch rieckende Andorn fielde Andorn in base
against the bloudshotten or watering eyes Of Seseli Chap. xcviij †The Kindes SEseli as Dioscorides writeth is of three sortes The first is called Seseli Massiliense The second Seseli Aethiopicum The third Seseli Peloponnese †The Description THe first kinde of Seseli named Massiliense his leaues are very muche clouen and finely iagged but yet they be greater and thicker than the leaues of Fenell the stalke is long and high with knottie ioyntes and beareth tuffets at the toppe like to Dill and seede somewhat long cornered sharpe and biting The roote is long like to the roote of the great Saxifrage of a pleasant smell as Dioscorides writeth and sharpe taste The seconde Seseli as Dioscorides saith hath leaues like Iuye but smaller and longer drawing neare to the proportion of Woodbine leaues The stalke is blackishe of three or foure foote long and ful of branches The floures are yellow and grow in spokie rundels like Dill. The seede is as great as a wheate Corne thicke swarte and bitter And this is counted to be the Ethiopian Seseli although in deede it is not the right Ethiopian Seseli Seseli Massiliense Seseli Aethiopicum Seseleos species The thirde is Seseli Peloponnense which hath a straight long stalke like Fenell or longer and groweth higher then Seseli of Marsiles The leaues are all to cut and parted into diuers other small leaues yet greater and larger than the leaues of Homlock The seede groweth likewise in spokie toppes and is broade and thicke Amōgst the kindes of Seseli we may place that strange herbe which is foūd in the gardens of certayne Herboristes It hath at the first broade leaues spread vpō the grounde very tender finely iagged The stalke is aboute foure or fiue foote long with knottie ioynts and round like to a Fenel stalke but a great deale slenderer and of a faynt greene colour changing towards yellow The leaues that grow at the knots or ioyntes of the stalkes do bende and hang downewardes but especially the highest except a few smal leaues whiche grow betwixt the others they grow vpward The toppes of the stalkes and branches are full of small spoky tuffets bearing yellow floures and afterwarde seede The roote is long and lasteth many yeares †The Place The first kinde as writeth Dioscorides groweth in Prouence and especially about Marsels wherfore it is called Seseli of Marsels The second groweth as witnesseth the sayd Dioscorides in Ethiopia and it groweth also meetely plentifully in Prouence and Languedoc The third kinde groweth in Peloponneso the whiche is now called Morea and it lieth in Greece and is now vnder the Empire and dominion of the Turcke The fourth is found vpō certayne Mountaynes of Lombardie a man shall also finde it as some say in certayne places of Brabant ⧠The Tyme The first floureth twise a yeare in the spring and Autumne The second thirde and fourth do floure in Autumne †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Massiliense of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Latum Cuminum which is as much to say in English as large and broade Comyn The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Aethiopicum and of Egyptians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyonos phrice The third kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Peloponnēse that is to say Seseli Peloponnense The fourth hath no speciall name sauing that some take it for a kinde of Seseli and some for Libanotis †The Nature The seede and roote of Seseli are hoate and dry in the second degree and of subtile partes ⧠The Vertues The seede dronken with wine comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and driueth away the gnawing and griping of the belly it cureth the shakings and brusing of a Feuer and is very good against the shortnesse of breath an old Cough to be short it is good for al the inwarde partes It prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie and hoate pisse it prouoketh the menstruall Termes expulseth the dead childe and setteleth in his naturall place againe the Matrix or Mother that is risen out of his place It is much worth vnto them that haue the falling sicknesse The traueler that drinketh the seede of Seseli with Pepper and wine shal not complayne much of colde in his iourney The same giuen vnto Goates and other foure footed beasts to drinke causeth them easilie to deliuer their yōg ones The same propertie hath the leaues to be giuen to the cattell to eate Of Seseli of Candie Chap. xcix †The Description THis is a tender herbe about the length of a foote and halfe his branches are tender and small and set but with a fewe leaues whiche be very small iagged and cut At the toppe of the branches growe the little spokie tuffets or rundels with white floures the whiche being past there commeth seede whiche is redde round and flatte garnished or compassed aboute with a white border two seedes growing togither one against an other eache of them hauing the shape and proportion of a Target or Buckler The roote is small and tender and dieth yearely so that it muste be euery yeare new sowen againe †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon the Mountayne Amanus in Cilicia it is to be found in this countrie in the gardēs of some diligent Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Paulus Egineta 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tordylium Seseli Creticum in English Seseli of Candy vnknowen for the most parte in Shoppes †The Nature The seede of Seseli of Candie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The seede of Tordylion dronken in wine prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie causeth wemen to haue their moneths or termes Tordylion The iuyce of it drōken in the quātitie of a drāme boyled with good wine by the space of tenne dayes cureth the disease of the raynes of kidneys The roote thereof mengled with Hony and often licked vpon causeth to spitte out the tough and grosse Phlegmes that are gathered aboute the breast and lunges Of Daucus Chap. c. †The Kyndes MEn do finde three sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Daucus as Dioscorides all the Auncients do write whereof the third is onely knowen at this day ⧠The Description THe firste kinde of Daucus is a tender herbe with a stalke of a spanne long set with leaues a great deale smaller and tenderer than Fenell leaues At the toppe of the stalke groweth little spokie tuffets with white floures like to the tops of Coriander yeelding a little long rough white seede of a good sauour and a sharpe taste The roote is of the thicknesse of ones finger and of a spanne long The seconde kinde is like
the sight and taketh away all obscuritie and darkenesse if it be put into the same Of white Saxifrage or Stonebreake Chap. cij ⧠The Description THe white Saxifrage hath round leaues cōmonly spread abrode vpon the ground somwhat iagged about the borders not much vnlike the leaues of groūd Iuie but softer smaller of a more yellowish grene The stalke riseth amongst the leaues is round and hearie and of the length Saxifraga alba White Saxifrage Saxifraga aurea Golden Saxifrage of a foote and halfe it carieth at the toppe diuers white floures almost like to stocke Gillofers The roote is blackishe with many threddie strings by whiche hangeth diuerse little rounde graynes cornes or berries of a darke or reddish purple colour greater than Coriander seede sharpe and bitter the which little graynes or berries they vse in medicine and do cal it Semen Saxifragae albae that is to say the seede of white Saxifrage or Stone breake There is yet an other called golden Saxifrage which groweth to the lēgth of a spanne and halfe with compassed leaues and iagges like to the other at the toppe of the stalke growe two or three littel leaues togither and out of the middle of them springeth small floures of a golden colour and after them little rounde huskes full of small redde seede and they open and disclose themselues whan the seede is ripe The roote is tender creeping in the grounde with longer threades and heares and putteth foorth a great many stems or branches †The Place The white Saxifrage groweth in drye rough stony places as about the Colemynes bysides Bathe in England it groweth also in France and Almaigne Ye shall also finde it planted in the gardens of Herborists The golden Saxifrage groweth in certayne moyst and watery places in England Normandie and Flaunders †The Tyme The white Saxifrage floureth in Maye and in Iune the herbe with his floures perissheth and are no more to be seene vntill the next yeare The golden Saxifrage floureth in March and Aprill †The Names This herbe is called in Latine Saxifraga alba in English Stone breake white Saxifrage in French Rompierre Saxifrage blanche in high Douch weisz Steinbrech in base Almaigne Wit Steenbreeck The secōd is called Saxifraga aurea in English Goldē Saxifrage in French Rompierre or Saxifrage dorée in high Douch Goldē Steinbrech in base Almaigne Gulden Steenbreek and this name is giuen it because it is like to the white Saxifrage and beareth yellow or golden flowers †The Nature This herbe especially the roote with the seede is of a warme or hoate complexion But the golden Saxifrage is of a colde nature as the taste doth manifestly declare †The Vertues The roote of white Saxifrage with the graynes or berries of the same boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine mundifieth and clenseth the kidneyes and bladder breaketh the Stone and bringeth it foorth and is singuler against the Strangurie and all the imperfections and griefes of the reynes What vertue the seconde hath is to vs as yet vnknowen bycause there is none hath yet proued it Of Gromell Chap. ciij. †The Kyndes THe Gromell is of two sortes one of the garden the other wilde and the garden Gromell also is of two sortes great and small Lithospermum maius The great Gromell Lithospermum minus The small Gromell †The Description THE great Gromel hath long slender hearie stalkes the whiche do most commonly trayle alongest the grounde beset with long browne hearie leaues betwixt the whiche leaues and the stalkes groweth certayne bearded huskes bearing at the first a smal blewe floure and afterwarde a little harde rounde stonie seede of a reasonable quantitie The roote is harde of a wooddie substance The small garden Gromel hath straight rounde wooddie stalkes and full of branches his leaues be long smal sharpe and of a swart greene colour smaller than the leaues of the great Gromel Betwixt the leaues and the stalkes groweth smal white floures and they bring foorth faire rounde white harde and stonie seede lyke vnto Perles and smaller than the seede of the aforesayd kinde The wilde Gromel is like vnto the small in stalkes leaues and floures sauing that the seede is not so white neither so smooth playne but somwhat shriueled or wrinckled like to the seede of the common langue de beufe and the leaues be a little rougher Besides these two kindes there is yet founde a wilde kinde of Gromel which is very small of whiche kinde the learned Ierome Bocke hath treated in his herball it groweth a span long with his stalke set with small narrowe leaues like to the leaues of lyne or flaxe betwixt the which leaues the stalke it bringeth foorth a little smooth blacke harde seede very lyke the seede of the small garden Gromel †The Place The garden or tame Gromel groweth in some Countries in rough places here they sowe it in gardens The smaller garden Gromel groweth not often of him selfe sauing alongest the Riuers and water sides The wilde is founde in rough and stonie places †The Tyme Gromel floureth in Iune Iuly and August in whiche season it doth also deliuer his seede †The Names Gromel is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Lithospermum of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Arabians Milium Soler in Shoppes Milium solis in Englishe Gromel and Gremil some name it also Pearle plante in Frenche Gremil or Herbe aux perles in high Douch Meerhirsch or Meerhirsen and Steinsomen in base Almaigne Peerlencruyt and Steensaet in Italion Milium Solis †The Nature The seede of Gremil is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Gromel seede pounde and dronken in white wine breaketh the Stone driueth it foorth and prouoketh vrine but especially the Stone in the bladder as the Authors write Turner Of Betony Chap. ciiij. ⧠The Description BEtony hath leaues somwhat long and broade of a darke greene colour bluntly iagged rounde about the edges like a sawe and of a good sauour Amongst the sayd leaues groweth vp a rough square stalke of a foote and halfe long decked with suche like leaues but a great deale smaller and bearing at the top a short spykie eare full of flowers most commonly of a crymsin or redde purple colour and somtymes but very seldome as white as snowe after whiche flowers there commeth in the sayd spykie tuffets blacke seede long and cornered The roote hath threddie stringes Paulus Aegineta maketh mention of an other Betony called of the later writers Veronica the which we haue described in the 17. Chapter of the first booke †The Place Betony groweth in meddowes shadowy wooddes and mountaynes It is also commonly planted in gardens †The Tyme Betony flowreth commonly in Iuly and August †The Names Betony or Betayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine and in shoppes Betonica and Vetonica In Spanishe Bretonica In Frenche Betonie In high Douch Braun Betonick In
base Almaigne Betonie Betonica Betony †The Nature Betony is hoate and dry in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of Betonie dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the Stone of the kidneyes doth clense and scoure the breast and lunges from flegme and slyme and is very profitable for such as haue the Phthisik or consumptiō and are vexed with the Cough The leaues of Bettayne dried are good to be giuen the quantitie of a dram with Hydromel that is to say Honied water vnto such as are troubled with the Crampe and also agaynst the diseases of the Mother or matrix The same taken in like manner bringeth the fluxe menstruall The dreid leaues dronken in wine are profitable against the biting of Serpentes and so be they to be applyed or layde outwardly vpon the wounde and it is good also for them that haue taken any poyson And if it be taken before hande it preserueth the people from all poyson Betany openeth and cureth the oppillation or stopping of the liuer the melt and the kidneyes and is good agaynst the Dropsie The same dronken with wine and water is good for them that spet blood and it cureth al inwarde and outwarde woundes The same taken with Hydromel or Meade looseth the belly very gentilly and helpeth them that haue the falling sicknesse madnesse and head ache It comforteth the stomacke helpeth digestion swageth belching the desire to vomit if it be taken with clarifyed honie in the euening after supper The same vertue hath the Conserue therof made with sugar and taken in the quantitie of a beane The roote of Betony dried and taken with honied water causeth one to cast out and vomit tough clammie flegme and other superfluous humors Of Panax Chap. cv †The Kyndes DIoscorides that famous and auncient writer of Plantes hath described vnto vs three sortes of Panaces wherof the first is Panaces Heraclium The seconde is Panaces Asclepij The thirde is Panaces Chironium ⧠The Description THE first kinde of Panaces hath great greene and rough leaues layd spread abroade vpon the ground and parted into fine iagges and cuttes almost lyke the leaues of the figge tree Amongst them springeth vp a long thicke stalke with ioyntes white without and hearie set here and there with the lyke leaues but somwhat smaller and bearing at the top a bushe or spokie tuffete lyke vnto Dyll the floure or blossom of it yellowe and the seede is of a pleasant sauour sharpe hoate It hath diuers white rootes growing or comming foorth of one head of a strong sauour and couered with a thicke bitter barke Out of the sayde roote and the stem or stalke cut and scarrified floweth the gomme or liquor called Opopanax the whiche being fresh and newly drawen foorth of the plante is white but beyng drie it waxeth all yellowe without as though it were coloured with Saffron 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Heracleum The seconde kinde of Panaces hath a slender stalke of a cubite long with knottes or ioyntes the leaues be greater more hearie and of a stronger sauour than the leaues of Fenell The floures growe also in tuffetes or rundels and they are yellowe of an odiferous sauour and sharpe taste The roote is small and tender The thirde kinde as Dioscorides and others do write hath leaues like vnto Marierom floures of a golden colour a small roote not goyng deepe in the grounde and of a sharpe taste But as Theophrastus and Plinic do describe it This thirde kinde of Panaces shoulde haue leaues lyke vnto Patience or Sorrel floures of a golden colour and a long roote so that amongst the olde writers is no perfit consent touching this thirde kinde of Panax †The Description VNto these three kindes of Panaces we may ioyne a certayne other strange plant whose seede is founde amongst Opopanax And this plante hath great large leaues somwhat rough hearie largely spread abroade and made of sundry leaues ioyned togither all in one wherof eache collaterall or by leafe is long and large almost like to the leaues of Patience The stalke or stem of this plante is full of ioyntes and of fiue or sixe foote long diuiding it selfe agayne into other stalkes and branches The floures be yellow growing in spokie tuffetes or rundels The seede is playne the roote is long and white †The Place The first kinde groweth about Cyren in Lybia and Macedonia also in Boeotia in Phocis of Arcadia whereas they vse to sowe it and manure it diligently for the gayne that is gotten of the sappe or iuyce thereof The thirde kinde groweth vppon the mount Pelius in Thessalie loueth good grounde Quarta Panacis Species The fourth kinde of Panax ⧠The Tyme The Opopanax is drawen gathered in the time of haruest †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Herculeum of Galien also Panax vnknowen in the shoppes here The liquor that commeth from it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Opopanax in shoppes Opopanacum The seconde kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Asclepij or Aesculapij Panaces The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Chironium The fourth shoulde seeme to be Panaces Syriacum wherof Theophrastus Plinie haue mentioned which differeth from the former kindes as we haue els where more largely written in Latine Panaces in shoppes is called Siler montanum †The Nature The first Panaces is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde The liquor thereof is also of the lyke temperament The three other kindes are of the like temperature but not so hoate nor so strong ⧠The Vertues The seede of the first Panaces dronken with wormewood moueth womens flowres And taken with Herbe Sarrasine whiche is Aristolochia Clematitis it is good agaynst the poyson of all venimous beastes Being dronken with wine it cureth the suffocation and strangling or choking of the Matrix or Mother and causeth the same to fall and returne agayne to his naturall place The roote of Panaces chopped or hackt very small and applied belowe to the Mother or Matrix draweth foorth the dead Chylde and the vnnaturall birth The same roote mengled with Hony and layde vppon and also put into olde vlcers cureth the same and couereth bare or naked bones with flesh agayne The flowers and seede of the seconde kinde of Panaces are very profitable agaynst the bytinges of Serpentes to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the wounde with Oyle The same flowers and seede mingled with Hony and layde thereunto do cure olde malignant corrupt and fretting soares and also knobbes or harde swellinges The seede the flowers and also the roote of the thirde Panaces are very good to be dronken against the venom of Serpentes and Vipers Of Louage Chap. cvi †The Kyndes IF men take that herbe whiche is commonly called in Shoppes Leuisticum for one of the sortes
hony cleareth the sight and taketh away the cloudes and spottes of the same being dropped or distilled into the same and it is very good to be mingled with all Collyries and medicines that are made for the eyes The small Centorie greene pounde and layde to doth cure and heale freshe and newe woundes and closeth vp and sodereth olde malignant vlcers that are harde to cure The same dried reduced into powder is profitable to be mingled amongst oyntmentes playsters powders and suche lyke medicines as are ordayned to fyll vp with flesh fistulas and holowe vlcers and to mollifie and soupple all hardnesse Of Reubarbe / or Rhabarba Chap. x. †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Rha or as it is nowe called Reubarbe not so muche differing in proportion but their diuersitie is altogyther in the places wher as they are found growing For one kind of it groweth in Pontus and is called Rha Ponticum The seconde groweth in Barbaria and is therefore called Rhabarbarum and it is the common Reubarbe The third commeth from beyonde the Indians out of the regions of China and it is that whiche the Arabians call Raued Seni. ⧠The Description RHA as it is thought hath great broade leaues lyke to the leaues of Tapsus Barbatus or white Mollin or lyke to the leaues of of Clot Burre snipt and dented rounde about the edges like to a saw greene and smothe aboue and white and fryzed vnderneath Amongst them springeth vp a round straight stalke of a cubite long and at the top thereof groweth a fayre scaly knop or head the which whan it bloweth and openeth sheweth foorth a fayre purple flower and afterwardes it beareth seede not muche vnlyke the seede of the great Centorie sauing it is somewhat longer The roote is long thicke and spungie or open and being chewed it yeeldeth a yellowish colour lyke Ocre or Saffron †The Place Rha groweth in the Regions about Bosphorus and Pontus by the riuer Rha and in Barbaria in the Countrie of China We haue found here in the gardens of certaine diligent Herboristes that strange plant whiche is thought of some to be Rha or Rhabarbarum Rha. Reubarbe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune †The Names This herbe specially the roote is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Arabian speeche Rheu ▪ and Raued or Rauet of Plinie in Latine Rhacoma Rhecoma That whiche groweth about Bosphorus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rha Ponticum or Rheon Pōticum of Mesue Raued Turcicum that is to say Rha of Turkie The second which groweth in Barbarie is called Rha Barbarum of Mesue and the Apothecaries Rheu barbarum The third kinde called Chinarum is called also Rha or Rheum Seniticum and Rheum Indicum and of the Arabians Raued Seni. †The Nature Rha is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second and of an astringent or binding nature †The Vertues The roote of Rhaponticum as saith Dioscorides is good against the blastinges wamblinges and the debilitie or weakenesse of the stomacke and all the paynes of the same Moreouer it is singuler agaynst conuulsions and Crampes or agaynst the diseases of the liuer and splene agaynst the gnawing or griping tormentes of the belly the kidneyes and bladder Also agaynst the akyng paynes of breastes and Mother and for suche as are troubled with the Sciatica the spitting of blood sobbing yeoxing it is good also agaynst the blooddie flixe and the laske and against the fittes of feuers and the bitinges and stinginges of all sortes of venimous beastes For the same purpose it is giuen the quantitie of a Dragme with Hydromel or honied water in a feuer with syrupe Acetosus against the diseases of the splene or melt with honied wine it is good against the diseases of the breast it is taken drie without any moysture agaynst the weakenesse or loosenesse of the stomacke The roote of Rha Pontike stamped and mingled with vineger cureth the vile white scurffe or manginesse clenseth the body from pale or wan spottes or the Morphew being straked or annoynted with the same Reubarbe and Raued Seni as Mesue writeth taken in quantitie of a Dramme purgeth downewardes cholerique humours wherefore they are good against all hoate feuers inflammations and stoppinges of the liuer and the Iaunders especially to be giuen or ministred with whaye or any other refreshing or cooling drinke or potion Reubarbe of him selfe or of his owne proper nature is also good against al manner of issue of blood eyther aboue or below and is good for them that are hurt or burstē inwardly and against greeuous falles and beatinges against Crampes and the drawing togyther of any part or shrinking of sinewes Also it cureth the blooddy flixe al manner laskes being first a litle tosted or dried agaynst the fire and dronken with some astringent liquor as the iuyce of Plantayne or grosse and thicke redde wine ⧠The Choice THe best Rha as Mesue writeth is that which is brought frō beyond India groweth in the Countrie of Chinae called Raued Seni. The next to that is the Reubarbe of Barbarie that which is of the least vertue is the Rha Pōtike Of Sowbread Chap. xi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Cyclamen as Dioscorides writeth The one is a lowe plant with a round roote and is called Cyclamen Orbiculatum The other groweth high and wrappeth it selfe about shrubbes and plantes and it hath no notable roote and it is called Cyclaminus altera †The Description CYclaminon which we may cal round Sowbread hath broade leaues spread vpon the grounde with peaked corners lyke to Iuy leaues and slightly dented round about the edges and of a swart or darke greene colour aboue yet powdered or garnished with white speckes or spots and the middle part of the sayde leafe is somewhat white but that syde of the leafe whiche is next the grounde is purple colour but sometimes deeper and sometimes lighter The flowers hang vppon tender stalkes nodding or beckning downewardes and their leaues turning vpwardes or backwardes in colour lyke to the purple violet but not so faire and of but a little or no sauour There folowe small knoppes with seede growing vpon small stalkes that are winded or turned two or three tymes about The roote is turned rounde lyke to a Turnep or Bulbus roote and somewhat flat or pressed downe with diuers hearie stringes by it and it is blacke without and white within in withering it gathereth wrinckles The second Cyclaminon or Sowbread his leaues be also broade and nothing peaked or angled but in a manner rounde and nothing speckled vppon or at least wayes very harde to be perceiued they be also of a sadde or blackish greene colour but vnderneath of a red purple colour The flowers are lyke to the first but of a better sauour The roote is somewhat smaller The third kinde also hath leaues without corners but they be somwhat
dented or snip rounde about the edges these leaues also are speckled and blackish in the middle The flower is of a deeper purple and of a most pleasant sauor But the roote is smaller than any of the rest Cyclaminus orbicularis Sowbread †The Place Sowbread groweth in moyst and stony shadowy places vnderneath trees hedges and busshes and in certayne wooddes but not euerywhere It groweth about Artoys and Vermandoys in Fraunce in the forest of Arden and in Brabant It is also common in Germanie and other Countries But the thirde kinde is the dayntiest and yet not strange in Italie †The Tyme The kindes of Sowbread do flower in Autumne about September afterwardes springeth vp the leaues which are greene all the winter The seede waxeth ripe about sommer next folowing †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus Rapum terrae Tuber terrae and Vmbilicus terrae of Apuleius Orbicularis Palalia Malum terrę Rapum porcinum and Panis porcinus in shoppes Cyclamen and Arthanita in English Sowbread in Frenche Pain de pourceau in Italian Pan porcino in Spanish some call it Mazam de porco in Germanie Schweinbrot Erdtapffel Erdtwurtz and Seuwbrot in Brabant Verckens broot and Sueghen broot Plinie calleth the colour of this flower in Latine Colossinum or Colossinus color The second kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and we take that to be Vitalba the which shal be described hereafter in the xlviij Chapter of this booke †The Nature Sowbread is hoate and drye in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of Sowbread dryed and made into powder taken in the quantitie of a dragme or a dragme and a halfe with Hydromell called also honyed water purgeth downewardes grosse tough flegme other sharpe humours The same taken in wine is profitable against al poyson and agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes to be applyed layd to outwardly vpon the wounded or hurt place The same dronken with wine or Hydromel cureth the Iaundise stopping of the liuer taketh away the yellow colour of the body if after the taking of the same in manner aforesayd one be so wel couered that he may sweat The same prouoketh the menstrual termes expulseth the dead fruit either dronken or conueyed into the body by a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The iuyce therof straked vpō the nauel or belly loseth the belly very gētly And it hath the same vertue being applied with wool to the fundement as a suppository The same iuyce with vineger setleth the fundement that is loose and fallen downe out of his naturall place if it be annoynted therewithall The same mingled with hony and dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight taketh away al spots as the web the pearle haw al impedimēts of the sight The same snift vp into the nose clenseth the braynes and purgeth at the nose grosse and colde flegmes The roote of Sowbread maketh the skinne faire and cleane and cureth all mangie scuruinesse and the falling of the heare and taketh away the markes and spottes that remayne after the small pockes and measelles and all other blemishes of the face The same layde to the melt or rather the iuyce thereof mingled with oyntmentes and Oyles for the purpose wasteth and consumeth the hardnesse and stopping of the Splene or melt It also healeth woundes being mingled with oyle and vineger and layde vpon them as Dioscorides sayth The broth or decoction of the same roote is good to bathe stue such partes of the body as be out of ioynt the gowt in the feete and kybed heeles and the scuruie sores of the head The Oyle wherin this roote hath ben boyled closeth vp olde vlcers with the same also a litle waxe they make an oyntment very good for kibed heeles and feete that are hurt with colde The roote hanged vpon wemen in trauayle with chylde causeth them to be deliuered incontinent †The Daunger In what sorte soeuer this roote be taken it is very daungerous to women with childe wherfore let thē take heede not only how they receiue it inwardly but also let them be aduised in any wise not to applye it outwardly nor to carrie it about them nor yet to plant it in their gardens for it will hinder them if they do but onely goe ouer it Of Felwort or Gentian Chap. xij †The Description THE first leaues of Gentian are great and large layd and spread abroade vpon the ground with sinewes or ribbes lyke Plantayne but greater and more lyke to the leaues of white Hellebor amōgst which springeth vp a rounde smothe holowe stalke as thicke as ones finger full of ioyntes and somtimes as long as a man with smaller leaues growing by couples at euery ioynt and sometymes somwhat snipt round about the edges with yellow flowers growing round about the stalke at the sayde ioyntes lyke to Crownes or garlandes whereof eache flower beyng spread abroade shineth with sixe narrow leaues like a starre and they grow out of little long huskes in which afterward is found the seede whch is light flat thin like the seede of Garnesey violets or stocke-gillofers or a darke euilfauoured red colour The roote is long rounde thicke sometymes forked or double of the color of the earth without yellowish within lyke to Boxe or Ocre and exceeding bitter in taste Gentiana Gentian Bysides the Gentian aforesayd there are two other sortes of herbes which are also at this tyme taken for Gentian The one is altogyther lyke Gentian sauing it is smaller and beareth blew flowers in taste it is farre bitterer wherefore Tragus saith it is of greater efficacie and vertue The other hath rounde stalkes and smothe set with greene smothe long narrow leaues alwayes growing by couples one agaynst another at the top of the stalke groweth the flowers like little belles of a light blew colour somewhat smaller than the flowers of the second kinde of Ranunculus The roote is yellow long bitter and this is that plant the which we call Autumne violettes or Belflowers is described in the xxj Chap. of the second part of this historie †The Place Gentian groweth vpon high mountaynes and in certayne Coomes or valleyes amongst ferne or brake as in sundrie places of Germanie Burgundie ⧠The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and the seede is rype in Iuly and August †The Names Gentian is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Gentiana of Apuleius Aloe gallica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Narce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chironion Basilica Cyminalis in English Felworte in Frenche Gentiane ▪ in high Douche Entzian and Bitterwurtz in base Almaigne Gentiaen It is also called Gentiane in Italian and Spanishe †The cause of the Name Gentius king of Illyria was the first founder out of this herbe
The cause of the Name Peonie tooke his name first of that good old man Paeon a very ancient Physition who first taught the knowledge of of this herbe Paeonia mas Male Peonie Paeonia foemina Female Peonie †The Vertues The roote of Peonie dried and the quantitie of a Beane of the same dronken with Meade called Hydromel bringeth downe womēs flowers scoureth the mother of women brought a bed and appeaseth the griping paynes and tormentes of the belly The same openeth the stopping of the liuer and the kidneyes and sod with red wine stoppeth the belly The roote of the male Peonie hanged about the necke healeth the falling sicknesse as Galen and many other haue proued especially in young children Ten or twelue of the red seedes dronken with thicke and rough red wine doth stop the red issues of women Fiftene or sixtene of the blacke cornes or seedes dronkē in wine or Meade helpeth the strangling and paynes of the Matrix or mother and is a speciall good remedie for them that are troubled with the night Mare which is a disease wherin men seeme to be oppressed in the night as with some great burthē and sometimes to be ouercome with their enimies and it is good against melancholique dreames Of Valerian / Phu or Setwal Chap. xvij †The Kyndes THere be two fortes of Valerian the garden and wilde and the wilde Valerian is of two kindes the great and small Besides all these there is yet a strange kinde the which is nowe called Greeke Valerian 1. Valeriana hortensis Setwall or garden Valerian 2. Valeriana syluestris maior The greater wilde Valerian †The Description SEtwall or garden Valerian at the first hath broade leaues of a whitish greene colour amongst which there commeth vp a round holow plaine and a knottie stalke Vppon the whiche stalkes there groweth leaues spread abroade and cut lyke leaues of the roote called garden Parsenep at the highest of the stalke groweth tuffets of Corones with white flowers of a light blew or carnation colour at the beginning and afterwarde white The roote is as thicke as a finger with little rootes and threddes adioyning therevnto The great wilde Valerian is almost lyke to the garden Valerian it hath also playne round holow stalkes diuided with knottes The leaues are lyke desplayed winges made of many smal leaues set one against another lyke the leaues of Setwall or garden Valerian whiche growe at the vpper part of the stalke but much greater and more clouē or cut The flowers grow and are like to the garden kinde of a colour drawing towardes a light blew or skye colour The roote is tender winding and trayling here and there and putting foorth euery yere newe plantes or springes in sundrie places The little wilde Valerian is very wel like the right great Valerian but it is alwayes lesse The first and neathermost leaues are like the litle leaues of Plantaine the rest which grow about the stalke are very much and deepely cut very wel lyke to the leaues of wilde Valerian or like the leaues which grow about the stalkes of gardē Valerian The stalkes be round with ioyntes about the length of a hande The flowers be like to the flouers of the aforesaid kindes The rootes be smal creeping alongst the grounde The Greekish Valerian hath two or three holow stalkes or moe vpon the which groweth spread leaues almost lyke the leaues of wilde Valerian but longer narrower and more finely cut lyke the leaues of the wylde Fetche but somewhat bigger The flowers grow thicke clustering togither at the top of the stalke of a light Azure or blew color parted into fiue litle leaues hauing in the midle smal white threddes pointed with a litle yellow at the tops The seede is small growing in round huskes The rootes are nothing els like but smal threds †The Place The garden Valerian and Greeke Valerian are sowen planted in gardens The other two kindes grow here in moyst places and in watery medowes lying low ⧠The Tyme The three first kindes of Valerian do flower from May to August The Greeke Valerian doth flower most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phu in Latine Valeriana and Nardus syluestris or Nardus rustica in shoppes Valeriana domestica or Valeriana hortēsis of some in these dayes Marinella Genicularis and Herba benedicta in Frenche Valeriane in high Douche Grosz Baldrian in base Almaigne tāme or groote Valeriā of some S. Ioris cruyt or Speercruyt that is to say Spearwurte or Speare herbe bycause his first leaues at their first comming vp in making are lyke to the Iron or head of a Speare in English Setwal or Sydwall The second kinde is called Valeriana syluestris Phu syluestre and Valeriana syluestris maior in Frenche grande Valerian sauuage in high Douch wilde Baldriā Katzenwurtzel Augenwurtz Wendwurtz Dennenmarcke in base Almaigne wilde Valeriane in English the great wilde Valerian The third is a kinde of wilde Valerian and therefore we do call it Valeriane syluestris minor that is to say the small wilde Valerian and also Phy paruum and Valeriana minor 3. Phu paruum Valeriana syluestris rainor The smal wild Valerian 4. Phu Gręcū Valeriana peregrina Greekish Valerian The fourth is called of the Herboristes of our time Phu Gręcum Valeriana Graeca that is to say Greekish or Greke Valerian it may be wel called Valeriana peregrina or Pseudophu for this is no Valerian but some other strange herbe the which we cannot compare to any of the herbes described by Dioscorides except it be the right Auricula muris for the which it is taken of some †The Nature The roote of Valerian is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The decoction of the rootes of Setwal dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe womens flowers and helpeth the ache and paynes of the side and stomacke They be of like vertue being made in powder and dronke in wine And they be put into preseruatiues and medicines made agaynst poyson and the pestilence as Tryacles and Mithridats The leaues rootes of the great wilde Valerian boyled in water do heale the vlceration and blistring of the mouth especially the roughnesse and inflammation of the throte if one washe his mouth or gargarize therewith Men do vse to giue it with great profit in drēches to such as are burstē wtin The two other Valerians be not vsed in medicine English men vse Greeke Valerian against cuttes and woundes Rosesenting Roote Rosesmelling Roote Of Rosewurte or Rhodia Chap. xviij †The Description ROsewurte hath three or foure stalkes growing frō the roote set ful of thicke leaues lyke the leaues of Lyblong or Crassula maior but they are more narrower cut or hackt at the top The roote is thicke hauing many smal hearie threddes whan it is eyther bruysed or bursten it doth sente and sauor like the Rose
or Codded Poppie Chap. lxxxiij And Hypocoum forte Papauer Corniculatum Horned Poppie yellow Poppie Papaueris corniculati alia species Horned Poppie an other kind †The Description THE Horned Poppie his leaues be very muche cut and clouen not much vnlyke the leaues of the other Poppie but more rough and heary lyke the leaues of Cornerose The stalkes be round somwhat rough also wherevpon growe yellow flowers made of foure leaues the whiche falling away they bring foorth long narrow huskes or coddes something crooked wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is great and thicke and abideth winter bringing foorth euery yere newe leaues and stemmes There is yet two other sortes of this Poppie as some men of good knowledge do testifie the whiche are very common in Spayne The one hath his leaues stalkes coddes altogither like to the aforesayd sauing that his flowers be not yellowe but shining red but for the rest the flower is agreable with the proportion of the yellow The seconde is lyke to the others sauing that it is muche lesse in leaues stalkes flowers and coddes And the flowers be neyther yellow nor red but of a faire blewe violet colour parted lykewise into foure leaues There is founde in some places of Fraunce a kinde of herbe very fayre the whiche may be very wel brought vnder this Chapter bycause it is lyke to the herbes described in the same First it hath large leaues finely iagged white lyke the leaues of Rue the whiche do partly lye vpon the grounde and partly are lifted vp from the earth amongst the which cōmeth vp a stalke or twayne set by certayne spaces with the lyke leaues but smaller and diuided towardes the toppe into other smal branches whiche bring foorth a yellowe flower with two leaues onely in the midle whereof ye may see a thing like to a little clipper the which is nothing els but the huske or codde and afterwarde it waxeth long hath within a reddish sede The roote is white and tender hauing a number of threddes Corniculati Papaueris peregrina species A strange codded Poppie †The Place Horned Poppie groweth of his owne kinde by the sea side in rough places as Dioscorides sayth in this Countrie the Herboristes do set and sowe it in their gardens The other two kindes are founde in Spayne by the Sea coaste amongst Corne and by the high wayes The thirde groweth about Monpellier amongst the wheate and Otes The fourth is founde in some places of Languedoc as neare about Vouer where as there is great store in the feeldes that are by the high wayes †The Tyme Horned Poppie flowreth in Iuly and August Hypecoum flowreth in April and the seede is rype in Iune †The Names This kinde of Poppie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer cornutum and of some Apothecaries that are ignorant Memitha wherevnto it is nothing lyke in Frenche Pauot cornu in high Douche Gehornter Magsamen and Geel Olmagen in base Almagne Geelen Huel in English Horned Poppie Some of the learned sort do thinke that this herbe is a kinde of Papauer Corniculatum that is to say Horned Poppie described by Dioscorides in his fourth booke Some woulde haue it Papauer spumeum described of the same Dioscorides in the same place But if it may be lawfull for me to giue a iudgement aswel as the rest it shal be neither of those herbes but rather that Hypecoum of Dioscorides named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for all the signes and tokens do agree very well with the same †The Nature Horned Poppie is hoate and drie in the thirde degree If the fourth kinde be Hypecoum it shoulde be colde and drie in the thirde degree not muche differing from Poppie as Galen sayth †The Vertues The roote of Horned Poppie boyled in water vntil halfe be consumed pronoketh vrine vnstoppeth the liuer and it is giuen to drinke with great profite to such as make grosse and thicke vrine and to such as are diseased in the liuer and that haue any greefe in their raynes their lining or hanche The seede of this Poppie taken in quantitie of a spooneful looseth the belly very gently and purgeth fleme The leaues and flowers brused or pound and afterward layd to old sores and rotten vlcers clenseth them wel Of Maudrake / or Mandrage Chap. lxxxiiij †The Kyndes MAndrake as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes that is to say The white and the blacke The white is called the male Mandrake the whiche is very well knowen The blacke is called the female Mandrage the whiche is not yet muche knowen †The Description THe white Mandrake hath great large leaues of a whitish greene colour thicke and playne spread vpon the ground not much differing from the leaues of Beetes amongst the whiche there commeth vp vpon short small and smooth stemmes fayre yellowe round apples and of a strong sauour but yet not vnpleasant The roote is great and white not muche vnlyke a Radishe roote diuided into two or three partes and sometimes growing one vpon another almost lyke the thighes and legges of a man The blacke or female Mandrake hath likewise no vpright stemme his leaues be in lyke manner spread abroade vppon the grounde narrower and smaller then the leaues of lettise of an vnpleasant smel or sauour The apples be pale in figure lyke the Sorbappel or Corme by halfe lesse then the apples of the Malemandrage The roote is blacke without and white within clouen beneth into two or three diuisions or cliftes folding one vpon another It is smaller then the roote of the male Mandragora mas The male Mandrake Mandragora foemina The female Mandrake ¶ The Place Mandrage growth willingly in darke and shadowie places It groweth not of him selfe in this Countrie but ye shall finde it in the gardens of some Herboristes the whiche do set it in the soune †The Tyme The Apples of Mandrage in this Countrie be ripe in August †The Names Mandrage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mandragoras of some Circaea and Antimalum and of Pythagoras also Anthropomorphos bycause that the rootes of this herbe are lyke to the lower partes of man The first kinde is called Mandragoras mas of some as Dioscorides saith Morion in Frenche Mandragore masle in high Douch Alraun mennlin in Neather Douchlande Mandragora manneken or Alruyn manneken in Englishe White Mandrake and Male Mandrage The other is called Mandragoras foemina of some Thridacias in Frenche Mandragore femelle in Almaigne Alraun weibling and Mandragora wijfken in Englishe Blacke Mandrake and Female Mandrage †The Nature The roote of Mandrake and especially the barke is colde and drie euen harde to the fourth degree the fruite is not so colde and it hath some moysture adioyning †The Vertues The iuyce drawen foorth of the rootes of fresh Mandrake dried and taken in a very small quantitie purgeth the belly vehemently from
and open the belly as Hipocrates and Diocles do write The fruite and Coddes boyled and eaten before they be ripe do prouoke vrine and cause dreames as Dioscorides sayth Of Pease or Peason Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Peason the great the meane the smal the which are lyke one another in stalkes leaues flowers and coddes but not in fruite as ye may perceaue hereafter †The Description THE great branched Peason are not muche knowen in this Countrey They growe when they be stayed vp by rises stakes or other helpes to the length of a man or higher The stalkes be rounde and holowe and somewhat cornered as big as a finger vpon the which at euery knot there growe two leaues very well closed and ioyned togither as if it were but one leafe amongst the leaues growe smal stemmes the which haue foure or fiue grosse or fatte leaues set directly opposite one against another hauing at the ende foure or fiue griping or ramping claspers whereby the Pease doth take holde and is stayed vp and fastened to such thinges as it standeth by Adioyning harde to the stemmes of the leaues aforesayd there growe other naked and bare stemmes vpō the which grow pleasant flowers of blew or purple colour After the sayde flowers there come vp long coddes rounde playne and shining hanging downewardes in which the Peason are couched and layde the whiche beyng yet but greene are rounde and whitishe but when they be drie they are gray and cornered Pisum Great Peason Branche Peason Ochros Eruilia Middle Peason The seconde sorte whiche are the common pease is muche like to the aforesayde but that his leaues and branchie stalkes are smaller neyther do they growe so high although they be stayed vp and succoured with bowes or branches The flowers are most commonly white the fruite is rounde and white and remayneth rounde whan it is drie The thirde whiche is the least kinde is lyke vnto the seconde sauing that it is much smaller in leaues stalkes coddes and fruite It is suffered for the most part to lye vppon the grounde in the feeldes without any stay or helpe of branches or bowes The fruite thereof is lykewise rounde of colour sometimes white sometimes greene and sometimes gray or blackish Besides the aforesayde kindes there is yet a certayne kind of Pease lyke vnto the wilde or least kinde It hath flat stalkes the leaues are long with clasping tendrels at the endes whole beneath next to the stemme but at the toppe of the branches the leaues are clouen and diuided into two or three small narrowe leaues almost lyke the leaues of Cicercula whiche Turner calleth Cicheling The flowers are white after the which flowers there come vp round coddes or huskes lesser then pease-coddes within them groweth the fruite which is rounde lyke vnto Pease sauing it is lesser and in taste bitter while it is yet greene very harde when it is drie †The Place The great and branched Peason are planted in gardens but the midle and least kind are sowen and planted in fruitful feeldes and are very common in this Countrie The Herb oristes do sow the wild kinde in their gardens †The Tyme Men plant them in Marche and Aprill and they be rype in August Eruilia syluestris Wilde Peason †The Names The branche Peason are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pisum in Brabant Groote Erweten Roomsche Erweten and of some Stock Erweten This kinde is the right Pisum described of Plinie and the Auncientes in Englishe Great Peason Garden Peason and Branche Peason bycause as I thinke they must be holpen or stayed vp with branches The two other kindes are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Plinie Eruiliae in French Pois in high Douch Erweyssen in base Almaigne Erweten in Italian Rouiglione at Veniz Pisareli in Englishe Common Peason The fourth is very wel like to be a kinde of wilde pease and especially that kinde whereof Hermolaus Barbarus writeth calling it Eruilia syluestris that is to sayde wilde Peason †The Nature and Vertues Branche Peason being eaten do nourish meanely engender windinesse but not so muche as the pulse whiche the Auncientes call Faba The other rounde and common Pease are beter and do nourish better then the great or branched Peason and they do lose and open the belly gently Of the Cicheling or flat Peason Chap. xxi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cichelinges the great and the small or garden and wilde Cichelinges Lathyrus Cicercula Cicheling or brode Peason Lathyrus syluestris Wilde Cicheling †The Description THe Cicheling or flat pease hath flat and crested stalkes the leaues be long and narrow standing vpward almost like the two eares of a Hare with Clasping tendrelles by the which they take holde by poles and branches that are set by thē The flowers be white lyke the flowers of branche Peason after them come flat coddes large wherein is a white fruite large flat vneuenly cornered hauing almost the sent or smell of the pease The roote is tender and threddy The lesser Cicheling is like to the aforesaid in stalkes leaues coddes The flowers are reddish The fruit is also flat vneuenly cornered as the great kind but it is smaller harder and of a more browne colour drawing towardes blacke There is also founde a wilde kinde of this pulse much lyke to the aforesayd in the flatnesse of the stalkes and in his long and narrowe leaues The whiche in like manner bringeth foorth reddish flowers and afterward narrow coddes wherin is conteyned a small browne seede round and hard The roote is great and thicke of a wooddy substance and dieth not but putteth foorth new euery yere ¶ The Place These pulses are found in this Countrie amōgst some diligent Herboristes The wild groweth in hedges and in the borders of feeldes in good fertill ground and is found in great plentie about Louayne and Brussels †The Tyme These Pulses do flower in Iune and are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The first and greatest kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lathyrus of Columella and Paladius Cicercula Turner calleth it a Cicheling The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus in Latine Cicera They are both called in Frenche Des Sars but they haue no Douche name that I knowe yet the Authour of this booke in the last Douche copie by him corrected calleth the first kinde in Douche Platte Erwten that is to say in English Broade or Flat Pease not knowen of the Apothecaries †The Nature and Vertues The first kinde is of nature and qualitie like vnto Pease and doth meanely nourishe the body as Galen saith The seconde is like to the first as witnesseth the same Galen sauing that it is harder for whiche cause it ought to be longer boyled Of Chiche Peason Chap. xxij †The Kyndes There be three kindes of Ciche Peason as Dioscorides writeth
or Plantayne and whole Gawles or the berries of Sumach The pill or shel of Lentiles hath the like propertie and in operation is of more force then the whole Lentil The meate that they vse to make of the husked or vnshelled lentil drieth the stomacke but it stoppeth not and is of harde digestion and engendreth grosse and noughtie blood They vse to swallow downe thirtie graines of Lentilles shelled or spoyled from their huskes against the weakenesse and ouercasting of the stomacke The lentil boyled with parched barley meale laid to swageth the paynes or ache of the gowte The meale of Lentiles mixed with hony doth mundifie and clense corrupt vlcers and rotten sores and filleth them againe with newe flesh The same boyled in vineger doth dissolue and driue away wennes and harde swelling strumes With Melilot a Quince oyle of Roses they helpe the inflammation of the eyes and fundement and with sea water it is good against the hoate inflammation called Erisipilas S. Antonies fier and suche lyke maladies The lentil boyled in salt or sea water serueth as a remedie against clotted clustered milke in womens breastes consumeth the abundant slowing of the same ⧠The Danger ensuing the vse of this pulse The Lentil is of hard digestion it engendreth windinesse and blastinges in the stomacke subuerteth the same they cause doting madnesse foolish toyes and terrible dreames it hurteth the lunges the sinewes and the braine And if one eate to muche thereof it dulleth the sight and bringeth the people that vse thereof in danger of Cankers and the Leprie Of Hatchet Fitche / Axsede or Axwurt Chap. xxxi Hedysaron Securidaca Axesiche or Axwurt Securidaca altera †The Description SEcuridaca hath small slender stemmes wherevpon grow small leaues spread abroade lyke to the leaues of Arachus or the wilde Vetche but smaller and rounder The flowers growe thicke togither after the sayde flowers there come long coddes round and small growing one agaynst another bowing inward crooking or crompling lyke vnto hornes within whiche crooked coddes is conteyned a flat seede with flower corners like to a litle wedge The roote is smal and tender The other Securidaca set foorth by Matthiolus in leaues is very well lyke to the aforesayd neuerthelesse his coddes be longer and not so much crooked and for that consideration not very well approching to the description of Securidaca set foorth by Dioscorides Ferrum equinum Horse shoe There is found another herbe with many stalkes trayling vpon the ground hauing at euery ioynt a leafe or rather a branche of leaues very well like to the leaues of the Lentil or Securidata but yet somewhat lesser betwixt those leaues the trayling branches it beareth smal yellow flowers in fashion lyke to the flowers of the Vetche or Lentill the which afterward do change into flat huskes or coddes the whiche are vpon one side full of deepe Chinkes or Cliftes and the graine or seede waxing ripe the saide coddes do turne crooked vpon one side so that they beare the forme and fashion of a horse shoe The sede also is crooked and turned rounde like a Croisssant or newe Moone ¶ The Place Securidaca as Galen saith groweth in some places amongst Lentiles or according to Dioscorides amongest Barley and wheate vnknowen in this Countrie and is not knowen to growe but in the gardens of Herboristes The thirde kinde groweth in some places of Italie and of Languedoc alongst the wayes and like vntoyled places †The Tyme Securidaca flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and afterwarde the seede is ripe The Horse shoe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August ⧠The Names The Pulse called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Securidaca of some also Pelecinon in Douch and French it hath no name that I knowe Turner calleth it in Englishe Axsich or Axeworte bycause Dioscorides saith the seede is lyke a two edged Axe The thirde kinde is called in Italian Fer di Caualla that is to say in Latine Ferrum equinum and in English Horse shoe in Frenche Fer de Cheual in Brabant Peerts ysere It shoulde seeme that this is a kinde of Securidaca and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter †The Nature The seede of Securidaca is hoate and drie of complexion The Horse shoe is in qualitie and vertue lyke to Securidaca as you may knowe by his bitternesse †The Vertues The seede of Securidaca openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the Splene and all the inwarde partes and is very good for the stomacke bycause of his bitternesse Of the like vertue are the newe leaues and tender croppes of the same Of Italian Fitche / or Goates Rue Chap. xxxij †The Description THis herbe is not muche vnlyke Arachus or the wild Vetche in stalkes and leaues it hath round hard stalkes and thervpon displayed leaues made of diuers small leaues lyke to the leaues of Vesseron or Arachus but muche greater and lōger The flowers be eyther cleare blewe or white and do grow clustering togither spikewise and like to the wild Vetche after come long small and round coddes wherein is the seede The roote is meetely great and doth not lightly die †The Place Galega in some Countries as in Italy groweth in the borders of feeldes it groweth also in the wood called Madrill by Paris Ye shall not lightly finde it in this Countrie but sowen in the gardens of Herbozistes †The Tyme Galega flowreth in Iuly and August and foorth with the seede is ripe Galega †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Galega Ruta Capraria and of some Foenograecum syluestre And some do also count it to be Glaux ▪ or Polygala but as I thinke it is nothing lyke any of them it is called in English ▪ Italian Fetche and Goates Rue ¶ The Nature Galega is of nature hoate and drie †The Vertues Galega as Baptista Sardus writeth is a singuler herbe against al venome and poyson and against wormes to kill and driue them foorth if the iuyce of it be giuen to little children to drinke It is of like vertue fried in Dyle of Line seede and bounde vpon the nauel of the childe They giue a sponefull of the iuyce of this herbe euery morning to drinke to young children against the falling sicknesse It is counted of great vertue to be boyled in vineger and dronken with a litle Treacle to heale the plague if it be taken within twelue houres Of the Pease Earthnut Chap. xxxiij †The Description THE Earthnut hath three or foure little stalkes or tender branches somewhat reddishe belowe next the grounde with clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh holde vpon hedges and al other thinges that it may come by The leaues be small and narrowe The flowers be of a fayre red colour and of an indifferent good smell After the fading of those flowers there come in their steede small coddes in which is conteined a
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
pounde with salt and wine and layde to doth consume and driue away the swelling in the necke called the Kinges euill It is also a speciall remedie against the bitinges of Serpentes if the partie that is so hurt doth drinke the seede of the same in wine and wash the wound with the decoction of the leaues of the same They that vse it much do take Auricula Leporis against the stone grauell Of Catanance Chap. xlix †The Description THis herbe is also like vnto grasse it hath narrow leaues smoth like to the blades of grasse but smaller the whiche afterward being dried do turne crooked or bend round towardes the ground The stalkes be tender smal and short vpon the which grow litle Crymsen flowers and afterwarde long smal rounde coddes in the whiche is conteyned a seede somewhat reddishe Of this sort there is yet another kinde the whiche hath no rounde coddes but large and somwhat broade in all thinges els lyke to the other ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in Copses that be seuerall and in pastures but that with the broade coddes is found most commonly by the sea coast †The Tyme Catanance bringeth forth his flowers and coddes in Iuly and August and sometimes sooner †The Names This grasse is muche lyke to that which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Catanance and it should seeme to be the first kind of Catanance described by Dioscorides †The Nature and Vertues Catanance was not vsed for medicine in times past neyther yet is vsed that I can tel of Of Moly Chap. l. †The Description Moly according as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like grasse but broader and spreaden or laid vpon the ground The flowers be white in fashion like the stocke or wall Geleflowers but smaller The stalke is white of foure cubites long at the top wherof there groweth a certayne thing fashioned like Garlike The roote is small and rounde as an Onyon Catanance Plinie in the fourth Chapter of his xxv Booke writeth of another Moly whose roote is not bolefashion or like an Onyon but long and slender His leaues be also lyke vnto grasse and layd flat vpon the ground amongst which springeth vp a rounde small and playne stalke diuided aboue into many branches wherevpon grow white flowers not muche vnlyke the flowers of stocke Gelleflowers but muche smaller The rootes be long and small and very threddie You may also recken amongst the kindes of Moly a sort of grasse growing alongst the sea coast which is very tender and smal bearing smal short narrow leaues and most commonly lying flat and thicke vppon the grounde amongst whiche commeth vp small short and tender stalkes bearing flowers at the top tuft fashion of a white purple or skie colour The rootes of the same kinde be likewise long smal and tender †The Place The second Moly as Plinie writeth groweth in Italie in stonie places the Herboristes of this Countrie do plant it in their gardens The grasse that groweth by the sea coast is founde in some places of Zealande in lowe moyst places or groundes †The Tyme Plinies Moly flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Liliago Phalangium Pseudo Moly Sea grasse The bastarde Moly flowreth most commonly all the sommer ¶ The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Moly The seconde is called Plinies Moly in Latine Moly Plinij and is taken to be the right Phalangium or Spiders worte of Dioscorides and that in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of Valerius Cordus named Liliago That kinde of grasse whiche groweth by the sea syde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudomoly that is to say Bastarde Moly Neuerthelesse it is no kinde of Moly but rather a kinde of grasse the whiche you may well name Gramen marinum some call it in Englishe our Ladies quishion ¶ The Nature The true Moly which is the first kinde is hoate in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of Moly eaten or dronken prouoketh vrine and applyed as a pessarie or mother suppositorie openeth the stoppings of the matrix or mother Moly is also excellent against enchauntementes as Plinie and Homer do testifie saying That Mercurie reuealed or shewed it to Vlysses whereby he escaped all the enchauntments of Circe the Magicien Of the grasse of Parnasus Chap. li. †The Description THis herbe hath litle rounde leaues in fashion much vnlike the leaues of Iuie or Asarabacca but farre smaller and not of so darke a colour amongst the which spring vp two or three small stalkes of a foote high and of a reddish colour belowe and bearing faire white flowers at the top the which being past there come vp round knops or heads wherin is conteyned a reddish seede The roote is somwhat thicke with many threddy stringes thervnto annexed †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst places and is founde in certayne places of Brabant †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iuly and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names Bycause of the lykenesse that this herbe hath with the grasse called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen Parnasium they call it in this Countrie The grasse of Parnasus in base Almaigne Gras van Parnasus Valerius Cordus nameth it Hepatica alba Hepatica alba Gramen Parnasi ⧠The Nature The seede of Parnasus grasse is drie and of subtill partes †The Description The decoction of Parnasus grasse dronken doth drie and strengthen the feeble and moyst stomacke and the moyst bowels stoppeth the belly and taketh away the besire to vomit The same boyled in wine or water prouoketh vrine especially the seede thereof the which doth not only prouoke vrine but also breaketh the stone and driueth it foorth if it be dronken The young leaues brused and layd to fresh woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same and healeth the woundes Of the iuyce of this herbe is made a singuler Collyrium or medicine for the eyes the whiche comforteth the sight and cleareth the eyes if you put vnto it asmuch wine as you haue of the iuyce and halfe as much Myrrhe with a litle Pepper and Frankensence And for to keepe the sayd Collyrium a long time in his goodnesse it must be put into a copper Boxe Of Rushe Chap. lij †The Kindes THere are founde in this Countrie foure or fiue kindes of vsual or common rushes †The Description AL Rushes seeme nothing els but lgō twigs shutes or springs that are slender smooth rounde and without leaues the roote from whence they grow and spring vp is large and enterlaced The flowers seede grow vpon one side almost at the top of the shutes or rushes in tuftes or tassels The first kinde is full of white substance or pith the whiche being drawen out sheweth like long white softe or gentle threds and serueth for Matches to burne in lampes and of the same is made many plesant
and Calamus in Frenche Canne or Roseau in high Douche Rorh in base Almaigne Riet in English Common Pole Reede Spier or Cane Reede The first kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nastus of this kinde in times past they made arrowes and dartes The seconde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo foemina this kinde dyd serue to make tongues for pipes shaulmes or trumpettes The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syringias Fistularis of whiche they make pipes and flutes With the fourth men did write in times past as they do now vse to do with pennes and quilles of certayne birdes the whiche for the same purpose were named Calami The fifth kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Donax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo Cypria The sixth which is our commō Canereede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Arundo vallatoria and Arundo vallaris and Arundo sepicularis in Englishe Cane Reede Pole Reede Spier and the Reede or Cane of the vally The seuenth is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Arundo Indica in Frenche Canne in base Almaigne Riet van Indien and of some also Riet van Spaengien in English Spanish Canes or Indian Reede The Sugar Cane hath none other particuler name but as men do nowe cal it Arundo saccharata or Arundo sacchari that is to say in Englishe Sugar Reede or Sugar Cane in Frenche Canne de succré in Douche Suycker Riet The Aromaticall and sweete Cane is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Calamus odoratus Calamus Aromaticus Arundo odorata altogither vnknowen in shoppes for that whiche they vse to sel for Calamus Aromaticus is no reede nor roote of a reede but is the roote of a certayne herbe lyke vnto the Yellow Flagge or bastard Acorus the whiche roote is nowe taken for the right Acorus †The Nature The Cane Reede is hoate and drie as Galensayth The Aromatical and sweete Cane is also hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The roote of Cane Reede or Spier pound smal and layd to draweth forth thornes and splinters and mingled with vineger it swageth the paine of members out of ioynt The greene tender leaues finely stamped and layde to healeth cholerique inflammations or wilde fier also hoate swellinges and impostumes The ashes of the Pole Reede mingled with vineger and layde to healeth the roome and scales of the head whiche do cause the heare to fal of The Aromatical or sweete Calamus being dronken prouoketh vrine and boyled with Parsley seede is good agaynst the strangnrie the payne of the raynes the bladder and dropsie The same taken in any kind of wayes is very agreable to al the inner partes as the stomacke the liuer the spleene the matrix agaynst burstinges or ruptures ⧠The Danger The downe that is in the top of the Cane reede or in the tufting tassels ther of if it chaunce to fal into the eares bringeth such a deafenesse as is hard to be cured Of Reede Grasse Chap. lv †The Description REede grasse hath long narrow leaues two edged or sharpe on both sides with a sharpe crest or backe raysed vp so that they seeme almost triangled or three square The stalkes growe amongst the leaues to the height of two or three foote or more and do beare about the vpper part of the stalkes rounde prickley knoppes or boullettes as bigge as a Nut. The roote is ful of hearie stringes †The Place It groweth in this Countrie in moyst medowes in the borders or brinkes of ditches riuers †The Tyme It bringeth foorth his boullettes or prickley knoppes in August †The Names This herbe is called in base Almaigne Rietgras and therefore some take it for a kinde of grasse which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Calamagrostis in Latine Gramen Arundinaceum in Englishe Reede grasse With the which it hath no likenesse and therefore it serueth better to be named Platanaria and lykewise it is not lyke vnto Spargamum but it is more lyke that Butomon of Theophrastus that likewise in Greeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Platanaria †The Nature It is of a colde and drie complexion †The Vertues Some write that the knoppes or rough buttons of this herbe boyled in wine are good agaynst the bitinges of venemous beastes if it be either dronken or the wounde be washed therewith Of Rattel grasse Chap. lvi †The Kindes THere be two kindes of this grasse one which beareth redde flowers and leaues finely iagged or snipt the other hath pale yellow flowers and long narrowe leaues snipt like a sawe rounde about the edges †The Description THe first kind hath leaues very smal iagged or dented spread abrode vpō the ground The stalkes be weake smal wherof some lye along trayling vpon the ground do beare the litle leaues the rest do growe vpright as high as a mans hand vpon them grow the flowers from the midle of the stemme round about euen hard vp to the top of a browne red or purple color somwhat like to the flower of the red nettle The which being fallē away there grow in their place litle flat powches or huskes wherein the seede is conteined which is flat blackish The roote is smal tender Fistularia Reede Rattel Crista gallinacea Yellow Rattel The seconde kind hath a straight stemme set about with narrowe leaues snipt rounde about vpon the edges The flowers growe rounde about the stemme at the highest of the stalke fashioned like the flowers of the first kinde sauing that they be of fainte or pale yellowe colour or whitishe after the whiche there come vp litle flat powches or purses couered as it were with a litle bladder or flat skin open before like the mouth of a bladder Within the litle purses is the seede the whiche is flat yellowe or brownish The roote is small and short †The Place That with the red flowers groweth in moyst medowes and is very noysome to the same That with the pale or yellowe flowers groweth in drie medowes and in the feeldes also and is to them very euill and hurtful †The Tyme That with the red flowers flowreth in May and his seede is ripe in Iune The other flowreth in Iune and Iuly and almost all the sommer †The Names The first is called of the writers in these dayes Fistularia and Crista and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phthirion in Latine Pedicularis that is to say Louse herbe in high Douche Braun Leuszkraut bycause the cattell that pasture where plentie of this grasse groweth become full of lice They call it also in high Douch Rodel and Browne Rodel in base Almaigne Roode Ratelen some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alectorolophos of Plinie in Englishe Redde Rattel The other kind is called of the writers in these dayes Crista gallinacea and Crista galli bycause
called of the new writers Spanachea Spinachea Spinacheum olus of some Hispanicum olus of Ruellius certayne others Seutlomalache of the Arabians Hispanach in Frēch Espinars in high Douche Spinet in Neather Douche Spinagie in Englishe Spinache Spinachea †The Nature Spinache is colde and moyst of complexion †The Vertues Spinache doth lose the belly and the broth of the same is of lyke vertue The same laid vnto hoate swellinges taketh away the heate and dissolueth the swelling Of Dockes and Sorrel Chap. ix †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth foure kindes of Lapathum bysides the fifth which groweth in ditches and standing waters called Hippolapathum the whiche shal be described also in this Chapter †The Description THE first kind of Lapathū or Rumex hath long narrow hard sharpe pointed leaues amōgst which come vp round holow browne stalkes with knees ioyntes or knots set and garnished with the like leaues At the vpper part of the sayde stalkes grow many litle pale flowers one aboue another and after them is found a blackish triangled seede lapt in a thinne skinne The roote is long playne and yellow within The second kind called Patience doth not differ much from the abouesaid sauing that his leaues be greater larger softer and not sharpe pointed The stalkes be long and thicke growing foure or fiue foote high The flowers yellowish The seede is red and triangled The roote is long smal and yellow Oxylapathum Sharpe poynted Patience Lapathum satiuum Patience The thirde kinde of Lapathum is muche lyke to the first yet for all that the leaues be shorter and larger most commonly layde alongst and spread vpon the ground almost like the leaues of Plantayne the stalke groweth not al so high Of this kinde is a red sort the whiche hath faire red stalkes or purple the leaues be browne and full of red veynes out of the which being brused commeth foorth a red iuyce or liquer but els like to the other in stalkes leaues and seede The fourth kinde called Sorrel hath long narrow sharpe pointed leaues and broade next the stemme very sharpe and eger in taste almost lyke vineger The stalke is rounde and slender vppon the whiche growe small flowers of a brownered colour The seede is browne triangled and muche lyke the seede of poynted Patience The roote is long and yellow Of this sort is found another kind called Romaine Sorrel the which hath short leaues in a manner round somewhat cornered and whitish almost lyke to Iuie leaues but much smaller and neither thicke nor harde The stalkes be tender vpon whiche groweth seede like the other There is yet another sort of Sorrel whiche is smal and wild and therfore called Sheepes Sorrell The same in leaues flowres stalkes and seede is muche like to the great Sorrel but altogither smaller The leaues be very small and the little stalkes are slender of a spanne long the whiche sometimes both with his flowers and seede sheweth a blood red colour and somtimes the leaues be red lykewise sometimes also you shal finde them as white as snow The fifth kinde which groweth in waters and ditches hath great leaues long and harde muche like the leaues of poynted Patience but muche larger Oxalis Sorrel Oxalis Romana Tours Sorrel or Romayne Sorrel The stalkes be rounde growing foure or fiue foote long or more the sede is like to Patience The roote is thicke and pale of a faynt red colour within Oxalis parua Sheepes sorrel †The Place The sharpepoynted Docke or Patience groweth in wette moyst medowes marshes The Docke called Patience is planted in gardens The thirde kind groweth in dry places and about wayes and pathes The red Patience is founde amongst potte herbes growing in gardens Sorrel is commonly sowen in gardens and is to be found also growing wylde in some medowes and shadowy places Sheepes Sorrel loueth dry soyles The fifth kinde groweth in ditches standing waters and is plentiful in this Countrie †The Tyme All these kindes of Lapathum doo flower in Iune Iuly †The Names Al these herbes haue but one Greke name that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex and Lapathum in Shoppes Lapatium The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex acutus in Shoppes Lapatium acutum in Frenche Parelle in high Douch Megelwurtz Grindtwurtz Streisswurtz Zitterwurtes in base Almaigne Patich and Peerdick The second kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex satiuus of some newe writers Rhabarbarum monachorum of Galen also Hippolapathon in Frenche Patience in base Almaigne Patientie The third kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lapathū syluestre that is to say Wilde Docke or Patience in base Almaigne Wilde Patich The red kinde is called in Latine Lapathum nigrum and of some late writers Sanguis Draconis in Frenche Sang de Dragon in Douche Draken bloet in Englishe red Patience The fourth kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxalis in Shoppes Acetosa in Frenche Ozeille vinette or Salette in high Douche Saur Ampffer in base Almaigne Surckele in English Sorrell Romayne Sorrel is vndoubtedly a kinde of Oxalis and it shoulde seeme to be that kind wherof the Auncients haue vsed and written most properly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oxalis The later writers do call it Oxalis Romana and Acetosa Romana in Frenche Ozeille Romaine and Ozeille de Tours in Douche Roomsch Surckele The least of these kindes is called Oxalis parua in Shoppes Acetosella in Frenche Petit Ozeille and Ozeille de brebis in high Douche Klein Saurampffer in Brabant Schaeps Surckele and Velt Surckele in Englishe small Sorrel and Sheepes Sorrel The fifth kind which groweth in ditches is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hippolapathum or Lapathum magnum or Rumex palustris in Frēch Grande Parelle or Parelle de marez in high Douche Wasser Ampffer in base Almaigne Groote Patick or Water Patick in Englishe Great Sorrel Water Sorrel and Horse Sorrel †The Nature These herbes are of a reasonable mixture betwixt colde and heate but they be drie almost in the thirde degree especially the seede which is also astringent †The Vertues The leaues of all these herbes sodden and eaten as meate do lose and soften the belly gently and the broth of them is of lyke vertue The greene leaues pounde with oyle of Roses and a little Saffron do digest and dissolue the impostumes and tumours of the head called in Latine Meliceris if it be layde therevnto The seede of Dockes and Sorrel dronken in water or wine stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe and the wambling paynes of the stomacke The same is also good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of Scorpions so that if a man had first eaten of this seede he shoulde feele no payne albeit he were afterwarde stong of a Scorpion The rootes of this herbe boyled in wine dronken do heale
almost in third degree especially the wilde which is more drie and of a scouring or abstersiue facultie †The Vertues These herbes eaten do comfort the weake and feeble stomacke and do coole and refresh the hoate stomacke specially the wild Endiue which is most agreeable and meetest for the stomacke and inward partes The same boyled and eaten with vineger stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the belly proceeding of a hoate cause The iuyce or decoction of Succorie dronken is good for the heate of the liuer against the Iaundise and hoate Feuers and Tertians The greene leaues of Endiue and Succorie brused are good against hoate inflammations and impostumes or gathering togither of euill humours of the stomacke the trembling or shaking of the hart the hoate gowte and the great inflammation of the eyes being layde outwardly to the places of the greefes The same layd to with parched Barley meale are good agaynst cholerique inflammations called Erysipelas and of some S. Antonies fier or Phlegmon The iuyce of the leaues of Endiue and Succorie layd to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger swageth headache The same with Ceruse that is white leade and vineger is good for al tumours impostumes and inflammations whiche require cooling Of Sowthistel Chap. xiij †The Kindes SOnchus is of two sortes the one more wilde rough and prickley called Sowthistel or milke Thistell the other more soft and without prickles which we may cal Hares Lettuce or Connies milke Thistel Sonchus syluestrior aspera Rough milke Thistel Sonchus tenerior non aspera Tender or sweete milke Thistel †The Description SOwthistell hath long brode leaues very deepely cut in vpon both sides and armed with sharpe prickles The stalke is crested holowe within spaced by ioyntes or knobbes couered or set with the like leaues At the toppe of the stalke growe double yellow flowers lyke Dandelyon but muche smaller when they be past there come vp white hoare knoppes or downie heades which are caried away with the wind The roote is long and yellow full of hearie stringes The tender Milke thistel is muche lyke to the aforesayd in leaues stalkes flowers and seede but the leaues be somewhat broder not so deepely iagged or cut in vppon the borders and they haue neither thornes nor sharpe prickles but are al playne without any roughnesse †The Place These herbes doo growe of them selues both in gardens amongst other herbes and also in the feeldes and are taken but as weedes and vnprofitable herbes †The Tyme Milke thistel and Sowthistel do flower in Iune and Iuly and most commonly all the sommer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª in Latine Sonchu of the later writers Cicerbitae Lactucellae Lacterones of Serapio and in shoppes Taraxacon The first kinde is called Sonchus asperior or syluestrior in high Douche Genszdistel Moszdistel in Brabant Gansendistel Melckweye in Frenche Laicteron and Laceron â–ª in Englishe Sowthistel and rough Milke thistel The seconde kinde is called Sonchus non aspera or Sonchus tenerior of Apuleius â—actuca leporina in Frenche Palais de lieure in high Douche Hasenkol in base Almaigne Hasen Lattouwe Hasen struyck Danwdistel Canijnencruyt in English the tender or soft Milke thistel †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie of complexion especially being greene and newe gathered for being dry or long gathered they are somewhat hoate as Galen sayth †The Vertues The iuyce of eyther of these herbes dronken swageth the gnawing paynes of the stomacke prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone and is of a soueraigne remedie against the strangurie and the Iaunders The same dronken filleth the breastes of Nurses with good and holesome milke and causeth the children whom they nourish to be of a good colour Of the same vertue is the brothe of the herbe dronken The iuyce of these herbes do coole and refreshe the heate of the fundement and the priuie partes of the body being layde thereto with cotton and of the cares being dropped in The greene leaues of Milke thistel are good agaynst all hoate swellinges and impostumations especially of the stomacke being brused layd thervpon The roote with his leaues being pounde and layde to as an emplayster is good against the byâ—…ges and stinginges of Scorpions Of Hawke weede Chap. xiiij †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kinds of Hawke weede the great and the smal of the smaller are also three sortes †The Description Hieracium maius Great Hawkeweede Hieracium minus primum Wilde Succorie The first kinde of the lesse Hawkeweede hath long leaues diuided and cut on the edges almost lyke the leaues of Dandelyon but not so bigge nor so deepely cut and lying flat vpon the grounde from amongst those leaues shooteth vp smoth naked brownish stalkes bringing foorth double yellow flowers in the top the whiche do turne into downe bawles or globes and do flee away with the winde The roote is long and slender smoothe and white The seconde kinde of the lesser Hawkweede is lyke vnto the aforesayde in stalkes and flowers the leaues do also lye spread vpon the ground but they be smaller narrower and more deepely cut then the leaues abouesayde This Hawkweede hath no deepe downeright roote but sheweth as though it were gnawen or bitten lyke to the roote of Deuils bit whereof we haue written in the first booke of this historie of Plantes and it is full of stringes The third is the least of al three his leaues be much lyke to the first Hawkweede and so be his flowers stalkes and rootes but altogither lesse The leaues be altogither smoothe and naked and not so brownish as the leaues of the first Hawkweede †The Place These herbes grow in vntoyled places as the borders of corne fieldes in medowes high wayes and the brinkes of ditches †The Tyme These herbes doo flower from Iune to September ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Accipitrina that is to say Sperhawke herbe or Hawkeweede Apuleius calleth it Lactuca syluatica picris and Thridax agria The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium magnuÌ„ of some Sonchites Lampuca or Sitheleas in Frenche Cichorée sauuage in high Douche Grosz habichkraut in base Almaigne Groot hauickscruyt That is to say the great Hawkeweede The lesser kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium paruum of some Intybum agreste or Lactuca minor in high Douche Klein Habichkraut that is to say the lesser Hawkweede in base Almaigne Cleyn Hauickscruyt The seconde lesser kinde is also called of some Morsus Diaboli in Douche Teuffels abbisz that is to say in English Diuels bit and in Frenche Mors de Diable bycause his roote is eaten or bitten lyke the Scabiouse Diuels bit Hieracium minus alterum Yellow Deuils bit †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie †The Vertues These herbes in vertue and
operation are muche like to Sowe Thistel or Sonchus and being vsed after the like manner be as good to al purposes They be also good for the eyesight if the iuyce of them be dropped into the eyes especially of that sort whiche is called Diuels bit Of langdebeefe Chap. xv †The Description THis herbe hath great broade leaues greater and broader then the leaues of Borache set ful of soft prickles from whiche leaues commeth vp a tender weake brittle and triangled stalke set with leaues of the same sort but smaller At the toppe of the stalke growe many small leaues thicke set and harde throng togither round about the stalke from amongst whiche litle leaues commeth a rough round Thistely knoppe bearing a purple flower the whiche is caried away with the wind The roote is thicke and crooked hauing many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the medowes of this Countrie and in moyst places by water brookes or ditches †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cirsium of some Buglossum magnum and Spina mollis in Brabant Groote Dauw distel vnknowē in shoppes some take Cirsion to be Langdebeefe T. lib. 1. fol. 143. †The Nature It is colde and drie of vertue like Sonchus †The Vertues Andreas the Herborist writeth that the roote of Cirsium tyed or bounde to the diseased place swageth the ache of the veynes called Varix being to muche opened or enlarged and fylled with grosse blood Cirsion Of Condrilla Gumme Succorie Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Condrilla as Dioscorides writeth the great and the small †The Description COndrilla is somewhat lyke to wylde Endiue his leaues be long grayish and deepely cut vpon both sides the stalke is small of a foote long or somewhat more in the litle stalkes of Condrilla is founde a gumme lyke Masticke of the bignesse of a beane wherevpon growe round knoppes which after their opening bringeth foorth faire flowers whiche in collour and making are much like to the flowers of wild Endiue but much smaller The roote is long and white like to Succorie The other Condrilla hath long leaues deepely indented vppon both sides lyke to the leaues of the wilde Endiue and for the most parte spreade abroade vpon the ground amongst which leaues grow vp smal playne holow stalkes carrying fayre yellowe double flowers the whiche past they turne into rounde blowballes like to fine downe or cotton and are carried away with the wind The roote is long and slender yellowish and ful of milke which commeth forth when it is cut or broken †The Place The great Condrilla is not common in this Countrie but is to be founde in the gardens of Herboristes The lesser which is our Dandelion groweth in al partes of this Countrie in medowes and pastures †The Tyme The great Condrilla flowreth in May and in Iune Dandelion flowreth in April and August ⧠The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla Condrilla Gumme Succorie Condrilla Dandelyon of Plinie Condrillon and Condrillis of some also Cichorion and Seris of the later writers Condrilla maior in this Countrie Condrilla and Gumme Succorie in Douche Condrilla The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla altera in shoppes Dens leonis and Rostrum porcinum in Frenche Pisse-en-lict in high Douche Korlkraut Pfaffenblat Pfaffen rorlin in base Almaigne Papencruyt Hontsroosen Canckerbloemen and Schorftbloemen in Englishe Dandelyon †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie lyke Endiue and Succorie †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Condrilla taken by it selfe or with wine stoppeth the laske especially comming of the heate of the liuer The same brused and eaten with his leaues rootes is very good agaynst the bitinges of venemous Serpentes The seede of Condrilla doth strengthen the stomacke and causeth good digestion as Dorotheus writeth Dantdelyon in vertue and operation is much like Succorie and it may be alwayes vsed in steede thereof It layeth downe the staring heares of the eyebrowes and causeth newe heares to grow if the iuyce be often layd to the place Of Groundswell Chap. xvij †The Kindes Although Dioscorides and other the Auncients haue set foorth but one sort of Erigeron yet for al that the later learned writers do set out two kindes the one great and the other smal vnto which we haue ioyned a third kind Wherfore Erigeron is nowe to be counted of three sortes Erigeron primum secundum The first second kindes of Groundswel Erigeron tertium The third kind of Groundswel †The Description THE great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaues deeply iagged and knawen vpō both sides like to the leaues of white Mustard or senuie The stalke is two foote high or more at the top whereof growe smal knoppes which do open into smal yellow flowers the which are sodenly gone changed into downie blowbawles like to the heades of Dantdelyon and are blowen away with the winde The roote is hearie and the whole herbe is of a strange smell The lesser Groundswel hath greene leaues whiche be also much torne and deepely iagged vpon both sides like the leaues of the great groundswell but a great deale smaller greener smother and not so rough The stalke is a spanne long at the toppe whereof growe yellow flowers whiche do also chaunge sodenly into hoare heades or blowbawles and doo flye away with the winde The roote is hearie and hath no proper smell The third Groundswel hath a straight slender stemme of a browne purple colour and set full of fine cotton or downie heares the leaues be long and narrow At the top of the stalkes grow smal knoppes out of which come smal pale yellow flowers the whiche incontinently after their opening do change and become so sodenly gray or white that he that taketh not the better heede may thinke that they are so at the first opening of the knoppes for euen the self same day and sometimes the very same houre of their opening they become gray or hoare and shortly after the knoppes do spreade abrode and open and the gray heare with the seede are blowen and carried away with the winde The roote is small and very tender †The Place The great Groundswel groweth in sandy groundes and alongst by wayes and pathes The lesser is often found amongst potherbes and commonly in the feeldes The thirde groweth in darke shadowed wooddes and dry Countries †The Tyme The great Groundswel flowreth in Iune and Iuly The lesser Groundswel flowreth al the sommer and somtimes also in winter when it is milde and not to colde The thirde flowreth at Midsomer ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Senecio of some Herbulū or Erechtites in Frenche Seneceon or Senesson in high Douche Grindtkraut in English Groundswel The first kinde is called Senecio
al issues of blood It hath the like vertue being boyled eaten The iuyce of Purcelayne powred vpon the head with oyle vineger roset swageth the head ache comming of heate or of standing to long in the Sonne The same throwen vp into the mother or matrix helpeth the burning inflammations exulceratiōs or gnawing frettings in the same powred in by a glister it is good against the flixe of the guttes exulceration of the bowelles The leaues of Purcelayne mingled with parched barley meale and layde to the inflammations of the eyes easeth the same and taketh away the hoate swelling so it is likewise good against S. Antonies fier called Erysipelas against the heate and payne of the head and against all hoate inflammations and tumours The same eaten rawe are good against the teeth being set on edge or astonied and it fasteneth them that be loose To conclude Purcelayne cooleth all that is hoate wherefore being layde vpon woundes eyther by it selfe or with the meale of parched barley it preserueth woundes from inflammation The seede of Purcelayne beyng taken kylleth and driueth foorth wormes and stoppeth the laske The Sea Purcelayne is gathered in the sommer and is of some preserued and kept in vineger for Salade to be eaten at winter like Capers for being so eaten it doth heate and comfort the stomacke causeth good appetite or meate lust and prouoketh vrine If this Purcelayne be Halimus the roote thereof is good against crampes and drawing awry of sinewes burstinges and gnawinges in the belly to be taken in Meade the waight of a dramme It also causeth Nurses to haue store of milke Of Sampiere Chap. xxi Crithmum Crithmum spinosum †The Description SAmpiere hath fat thicke long smal leaues almost lyke Purcelayne the stalke is rounde of a foote or a foote and a halfe long bearing round spokie tufts which bring foorth litle white flowers and a seede lyke Fenyll but greater The roote is thicke and of a pleasant sauour Searche the commentaries of Matthiolus in the seconde booke of Dioscorides there you shal finde three kindes more of Crithmum Of this is founde another kinde of Crithmus whose leaues are lyke vnto the first the crowne set about with harde pricking thornes otherwise in all thinges like vnto the other Yet is there founde a thirde kinde of Crithmus the whiche bringeth foorth many stalkes of one roote set about with long small leaues the whiche are very thicke vpon the top of the stalkes grow yellow flowers almost lyke vnto the flowers of Chrysanthemū in the middes yellow and round about set with yellow leaues The roote is long And this herbe is of taste like vnto the first Crithmus the whiche is very lyke to Creta marina †The Place This herbe groweth in salt ground by the sea coast and is found very plentifully in many places of Spayne Fraunce and England alongst the shoare or coast The Herboristes of this Countrie doo plant it in their gardens †The Tyme Sampiere bloweth in this Countrie in August and September but wheras it groweth of his owne kind it flowreth more timely †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crithmum and Bati in shoppes Creta marina by whiche name it is knowen in Brabant in French Bacille Crete marine and Fenoil marin in Englishe Sampier and Crestmarine †The Nature Crestmarine is drie and scouring and meetely warme †The Vertues The leaues seede or rootes or al togither boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers helpeth muche against the Iaundise They keepe and preserue the leaues branches of Crestmarin or Sampier in vrine or pickle to be eaten lyke Cappers for being so eaten they are good for the stomacke and open the stoppinges of the liuer the splene and the kidneyes Crithmus Chrysanthemus Of Brookelime Chap. xxij †The Description BRookelime hath rounde fat stalkes full of branches vppon the same fat thicke leaues the which being brused do yeelde a good sauour At the toppe of the stalkes and branches growe many fayre blewe flowers not much vnlike the flowers of blewe Pimpernel The roote is white ful of hearie stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the borders brinkes of ditches and pooles and sometimes also by running streames and brookes harde by the water so that sometimes it is ouerflowen and drenched in the same †The Tyme Brookelime flowreth in May and Iune ⧠The Names This herbe is called now in these dayes Anagallis aquatica and Becabunga and of some it is taken for that herbe that of Dioscorides is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cepaea and it Anagallis Aquatica seemeth to be a kinde of Soum of the whiche is written by Cratenas in high Douche Wasserpunghen Bachpunghe or Punghen in base Almaigne Waterpunghen in English Brookelyme †The Nature This herbe is hoate almost in the seconde degree †The Vertues Brookelime leaues dronken in wine do helpe the strangullion the inward scabbes of the bladder especially if it be taken with the roote of Asparagus or Sperage They be also eaten with oyle and vineger and are good for them that are troubled with the strangurie and stone Of Earth Chesnut Chap. xxiij †The Description THE small Earth Chestnut hath euen crested stalkes of a foote and a halfe long or more The first leaues are lyke the leaues of common Parsely but they be lesser smaller iagged they that grow about the stemme are not muche vnlyke the leaues of Dil the flowers which are white do growe in spokie tuftes lyke the toppes of Dyl The seede is small of a flagrant smel not much vnlyke the seede of Commin or Fenill but a great deale smaller The roote is rounde lyke a wherrow or wherle or rather like a litle round appel browne without and white within in taste almost lyke to Carrottes ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Hollande and Zeelande in corne feeldes alongst the wayes there is good store of it in some places of Englande The Herboristes of Brabant do plant it in their gardens †The Time This herbe flowreth and deliuereth his seede in Iune Bolbocastanon †The Names This herbe is called in Zeelande Cleyn Eerdtnoten some Herboristes take it for Apios others for Meum and the thirde for Bulbina but it hath no lykenesse vnto any of them three it seemeth better in my iudgement to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bolbocastanon of Alexander Trallianus the whiche the later Grecians do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agriocastanon wherevnto it is very muche lyke for the roote is lyke Bulbus and in taste it is muche lyke to the Chestnut in consyderation whereof it may be well be called Bolbocastanon and Agriocastanon in French Noix-Chastaigne in base Almaigne Eerdtrastanien in English Earth Chestnut †The Nature Bolbocastanon is hoate almost in the seconde degree and somewhat astringent the seede is hoate and drie almost in the thirde
degree †The Vertues In Sealande they eate this roote in meates in whiche Countrie it is not muche differing in taste and vertue from Parsneppes and Carrottes it prouoketh vrine comforteth the stomacke nourisheth indifferently is good for the bladder and kidneyes Bolbocastanon as Alexander Trallianus writeth is good to be eaten of them that spit blood The seede of the same causeth women to haue their natural sicknes bringeth foorth the secondines prouoketh vrine and is very profitable for the reynes the kidneyes the bladder and the spleene or milte being stopped Of Mallowes Chap. xxiiij †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Mallowes whereof some be of the garden and some be wilde the whiche also be of diuers kindes The garden Mallow called the winter or beyondsea roose is of diuers sorts not only in leaues stalkes and growing but in proportion colour flowers for some be single some double some white some carnation some of a cleare or light red some of a darke redde some gray and speckled The wilde Mallowes are also of two sortes the great and the small Malua satiua Holyhocke or garden Mallow Malua syluestris elatior Wild Hocke or the greater wild Mallow †The Description THE great tame Mallow which beareth the beyondsea or winter rose hath great round rough leaues larger whiter and vneuener then the leaues of the other Hockes or Mallowes The stalke is rounde and groweth sixe or seuen foote high or more it beareth fayre great flowers of diuers coloures in figure lyke to the common Mallowe or Hocke but a great deale bigger sometimes single somtimes double The flowers fallen the seede commeth vp lyke smal cheeses The roote is great and long and continueth a long time putting foorth yerely newe leaues and stalkes The great wilde Mallow hath leaues somewhat round fat and a litle cut or snipt rounde about the borders but of a browner colour smaller and euener then the leaues of the Hollyhocke The stalke is rounde of two or three foote long thervpon grow the flowers in fashion like to the other but much smaller and parted into fiue leaues of a purple carnation colour after whiche commeth the seede whiche is rounde and flat made lyke litle cheeses The roote is long and of a conuenient thicknesse The smal wilde Mallow is very muche lyke to the great wilde Mallowe sauing that his leaues be a litle rounder and smaller the flowers be pale the stalkes grow not high or vpright but trayle alongest the grounde The roote is lykewyse long and thicke †The Place The Hollyhocke or garden Mallowe is sowen and planted in gardēs of this Countrie The wilde kindes growe in vntoyled places by path wayes and pastutes †The Tyme Hollyhocke flowreth in Iune Iuly and and August The wild beginneth to flower in Iune continueth flowring vntyl September in the meane space it yeeldeth his seede ⧠The Names Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua of Pythagoras 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anthema of Zoroastes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diadema of the Egyptians Chocortis of some Vrina muris in Frenche Maulue in high Douche Pappel in base Almaigne Maluwe in Shoppes Malua in Englishe Hockes and Mallowes Malua syluestris pumila The smal wild Mallow The first kind of Mallowes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua satiua of some Rosa vltramarina that is to say the Beyondesea Rose in Frenche Maulue de iardin or cultiuée in hygh Douche Garden Pappeln Ernrosz or Herbstrosz in base Almaigne Winterroosen in English Holyhockes and great tame Mallow or great Mallowes of the garden The wilde Mallow is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua syluestris in high Almaigne Gemeyn Pappeln in base Almaigne Maluwe and Keeskens cruyt wherof that sort which groweth vpright and highest is called Malua elatior that is the common Mallowe or the tawle wilde Mallow and the common Hockes The second wild kind which is the least is called Malua syluestris pumila or Malua pumila that is to say the small wilde Hocke or Dwarffe Mallowe in Douche Cleyn Maluwe †The Nature Mallowes are temperate in heate and moysture of a digestiue and softening nature ⧠The Vertues Mallowes taken in meate nourish better then Letuce and soften the belly neuerthelesse they be hurtfull to the stomacke for they loose and mollitie or relent the same The rawe leaues of Mallowes eaten with a litle salt helpe the payne and exulceration of the kidneyes and bladder For the same purpose and against the grauel and stone Mallowes are good to be boyled in water or wine and dronken The decoction or broth of Mallowes with their rootes are good agaynst al venome and poyson to be taken incontinently after the poyson so that it be vomited vp againe It doth mollifie and supple the tumours and hardnes of the mother if women bathe in the broth thereof It is good against al going of of the skin excoriations gnawings roughnesse and fretting of the bladder guttes mother and fundement if it be put in with a glister The seede of Mallowes dronken in wine causeth abundance of milke and is good for them that feele paine in the bladder and are troubled with grauel Mallowes are good to be layde to against the stinginges of Waspes and Bees and draw foorth thornes and splinters if they be layde therevpon The same raw or boyled and pounde by them self or with Swines grease do supple mollifie rype and dissolue all kindes of tumours hoate and colde The rootes of Mallowes rosted in the imbers or hoate asshes and pounde very smal are very good to be layd to as an implaister against the exulceration and sorenesse of womens breastes †The Choise The garden Mallow is whelsomer to be eaten then the wilde Mallow but in medicine to soften hardnesse dissolue swellinges or tumours the wild kinde is better and of more vertue then the garden Mallow Of Marrish Mallow / or white Mallow Chap. xxv †The Description MArrish Mallow is muche like the other Mallowes but a great deale whiter and softer his leaues be roundishe white softe and almost frised or cottoned whiche in proportion and quantitie are almost like to the leaues of the common hocke or wilde Mallowe The stalke is rounde and straight The flowers are in figure like to the wilde Mallowe after them commeth the seede as in the other Mallowes The roote is great and thicke white within and slymie The seconde kinde of white Mallow whiche Theophrast describeth hath roundish leaues white and soft and almost frised or Cottoned like the other white or Marrishe Mallowe but farre greater almost like in proportion and bignesse to the leaues of Gourde The stalkes be long thicke and strong vpon which betwixt the leaues and the stemme growe yellow flowers after them come crooked huskes as though they were wrinckled wherein is the seede †The Place Marshe Mallowe loueth fat and moyst grounde
common Mallowe yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same Of Cucumbers Chap. xxviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cucumbers the garden and the wilde Cucumber The garden Cucumber is vsed in meates The wild kind is not good for that purpose but serueth onely for medicine we haue giuen you his description in the thirde booke of this historie the xl Chapter †The Description THE garden and eateable Cucumber hath long rough branches creeping alongest the grounde vpon whiche growe rough roundishe leaues and claspers or tendrelles The flowers growe betwixt the leaues and the stalkes of a faint yellowe colour that which being fallen away the fruite foloweth after which is long the outside thereof is sparckled and set full of litle bowles of bosses the coastes or sides be long greene at the beginning afterward yellow within the whiche groweth a broade or large white seede The roote is of a competent length †The Place These Cucumbers are sowen in gardens and loue places standing well in the Sonne †The Tyme The chiefest season for the eating of Cucumbers is in Iuly and August and they are ripe in September Cucumis satiuus Melopepon Galeni Cucumbers ⧠The Names This kinde of Cucumber is called of the later writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis satiuus or Cucumer satiuus of some Cucumis Anguinus or Anguria in shops Cucumer in French Concombre ▪ in high Douche Cucumern and Gurchen in base Almaigne Concommeren and this seemeth to be the same which Galen in libris de Alimentorum facultatibus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Melopepon †The Nature The Cucumber is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues Cucumber taken in meates is good for the stomacke and bowels that are troubled with heate but it yeeldeth small nourrishment euil insomuch that the immesurable vse thereof fylleth the vaynes with colde noughtie humours the whiche bycause they may not be conuerted into good blood doo at the length bryng foorth long and great agues and other diseases as Galen writeth The seede dronken with milke or sweete wine looseth the belly gently and is very good agaynst the exulceration rawnesse of the bladder and inwarde stopping of the same The greene leaues stamped with wine and layde to heale the bitinges of Dogges Of Melones and Pepones Chap. xxix ⧠The Kyndes THE Pepon is a kinde of Cucumber the whiche is nowe of diuers sortes as the great round and flat whereof the great is also of two sortes that is white and greene Pepones magni Great Melons or Pepons Pepones rotundi Round Melons or Pepons †The Description THe great Pepon hath long round great rough and hollow branches beset with short sharpe prickles The leaues be great broade rough parted into foure or fiue deepe cuttes or iagges much greater then the leaues of the Gourde by the sayde leaues come foorth clasping tendrelles whereby this Pepon groweth vp and taketh holdfast by euery thyng The flowers growe amongst the leaues very great and hollowe within iagged about the edges and of a yellowe colour The fruite is very bigge thicke and and long one sort thereof is of a greenishe colour with many ribbes or costes and the rinde is very harde the other sorte is white couered with a soft and tender rinde The seede is inclosed in the fruite and is white and broade much larger then the seede of the Cucumber The seconde kind whose fruite is round hath also prickly stalkes leaues the stalkes be smaller and most commonly creepe alongst the grounde The leaues be also smaller and not so deepe cut or rent The flowers be yellow lyke the flowers of great Melon or Pepō The fruite is rounde and somewhat the other white wherin groweth the flat whereof one sorte is greene and sede smaller than the sede of the other Pepone and greater than the seede of the Cucumber The thirde kinde of Pepones is muche lyke to the seconde in creepyng branches leaues and flowers but the stalkes be not so rough the fruite is flat brode and round couered with a soft and gentle rynde or coueryng cronkeled wrinckled about the borders or edgis lyke to a buckler wherin is the seede lyke to the seede of the Cucumber but greater There is also a wilde kinde of Pepons which are lyke the tame Pepons in stalkes and rough leaues but the fruite is smaller and altogither bitter lyke to Coloquintida or the wilde Gourde or wilde Cucumber wherevnto this wilde kinde is agreeable in vertue and operation Pepones lati Brode Melons or Pepons †The Place All these kindes of Melons and Pepons are sowen in gardens and vsed in meates except the wilde kind †The Tyme The fruite is ripe in August and sometimes sooner if it be a hoate season and a forwarde yere ¶ The Names This fruit is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Pepones of Galen also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sicyopepones that is to say Pepones Cucumerales Cucumber Pepons The first kinde is called in English Melons and Pepons in Frenche Pompons dyuer or Citroulen in high Douche Pseben in base Almaigne Pepoenen of the newe writers in Latine Magni Pepones of some Cucumeres Turcici in Almaigne accordingly Turckischer Cucumeren Torcksche Cōcommeren The seconde kinde of Pepons is called Pepo or Cucumis marinus of some Zuccomarin in French Concombre marin Pompons Turquins in Douch Zee Concommere in Englishe Pompons or Melons we may also name them Sea Cucumbers or Turkie Pompons The thirde kinde whiche is the large Pompone is for the same cause called Pepones lati Broade Pepons in Douche Breede Pepoenen and of some Torcksche Meloenen that is to say Turkie Melons †The Nature The garden Melons or Pompons are colde and moyst but not so moyst as the Cucumbers †The Vertues The fruit of the garden Pepon is not often eaten raw but wel boyled with good flesh or sweete milke for being so prepared it is better and lesse hurtfull than the Cucumber and is good for suche as haue a hoate stomacke The flesh or substance of Pepons finely stamped doth swage and heale the inflammations of the eye if it be layde vnto them and being bound to the forehead it stoppeth the falling downe of humours into the eyes The seede of Pepons powned with meale and their owne iuyce doth beautifie the face for it taketh away freckles and alspottes of the face if the place be well rubbed with it in the Sonne The quantitie of a dramme of the dried roote taken with meade or honied water maketh one to vomite The same layde to with honie healeth the sores of the heate whiche be full of corruption and filthy matter Of Citrulle Cucumber Chap. xxx †The Description THe Citrul or Citrō Cucumber is also a kind of Cucumber hauing rounde rough stalkes full of Capreoles or clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh hold vpon hedges and stakes The leaues be al iagged
beaten ¶ The Place The garden Rockat is planted in gardens and is also found in this Countrie in certayne rude vntoyled and stonie places and vpon olde broken walles The wild Rockat is found also in stony places about high wayes pathes †The Tyme Rockat flowreth cheefely in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Rockat is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruca in Frenche Roquette in Douche Roket in base Almaigne Rakette The first and also the third kind is called Eruca satiua hortensis in French Roquette domestique or cultiueé in base Almaigne Roomsche Rakette in English Garden or tame Rockat and Rockat gentil The wilde is called Eruca syluestris that is to say wilde Rockat in base Almaigne wilde Rakette †The Nature Rockat is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues Rockat is a good Salade herbe to be eaten with Letuce Purcelayne and other like colde herbes for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the stomacke causeth that such colde herbes do not hurt the stomacke but if Rockat be eaten alone it causeth headache and heateth to much therfore it must neuer be eaten alone but alwayes with Letuce or Purcelayne The vse therof stirreth vp bodyly pleasure especially of the seede also it prouoketh vrine and helpeth the digestion of the meates The seede thereof is good against the poyson of the Scorpion Shrowe and suche like venemous beastes The seede layd to with hony taketh away freckles lentils other faultes of the face also it taketh away blacke and blewe spottes and scarres layde to with the gawle of an Oxe Men say that who so taketh the seede of Rockat before he be beaten or whipt shal be so hardened that he shall easily endure the payne according as Plinie writeth The roote boyled in water draweth foorth shardes and splinters of broken bones being layde therevpon Of Tarragon or biting Dragon Chap. lviij †The Description TArragon hath long narrow darke grene leaues in taste very sharpe and burning or biting the tongue almost like Rockat not muche vnlyke the leaues of common Hysope but muche longer and somewhat larger The stalkes be rounde of two foote hygh parted into many branches vpon whiche growe many small knoppes or litle buttons the which at their opening shewe many small flowers as yellowe as golde intermingled with blacke They being past commeth the seede The roote is long and small very threddy creeping alongst the grounde hither and thither putteth foorth yerely here and there newe stalkes and springes Ruellius in his second booke Chap. xcvj saith that this herbe cōmeth of Lineseede put into a Radish roote or within the scale of the sea Onyon called Scylla in Latine and so set into the grounde and planted and therefore he saith it hath part of both their natures for it draweth partly towardes vineger and partly towardes salt as may be iudged by the taste †The Place Tarragon is planted in gardens but yet it is not very common †The Tyme Tarragon abideth greene from the moneth of Marche almost to winter but it flowreth in Iuly †The Names This herbe hath not bene written of by any learned man before Ruellius tyme neyther is it yet wel knowen but in some places of Englande France and certayne Townes of this Countrie as Anwarpe Bruxelles Malines c. where as it was first brought out of France And therfore it hath none other name but that whiche was geuen first by the Frenchemen who called it Targon and Dragon and according to the same it is called in Latine Draco and of some Dracunculus hortensis that is the litle Dragon of the garden it is also called in Englishe Tarragon whiche shoulde seeme to be borowed from the Frenche neuerthelesse it was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing Draco †The Nature All this herbe is hoate and burning in the mouth and vpon the tongue whereby it is certayne that it is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and in temperature muche lyke to Rockat †The Vertues This herbe is also good to be eaten in Salade with Letuce as Rockat for it correcteth the coldenesse of Letuce and suche lyke colde herbes Moreouer where this herbe is put into the Salade there needeth not much vineger nor salt for as Ruelius writeth it is sharpe and salt ynough of it selfe Of Cresses Chap. lix †The Description GArden Cresses haue small narrowe iagged leaues of a sharpe burnyng taste the stalkes be rounde of a foote long and bring foorth many small white flowers and after them little rounde flat huskes within which the seede is contayned of abrowne reddish colour ¶ The Place Cresses are commonly sowen in all gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Cresses that are timely sowen bring foorth their seede bytime but that whiche is later sowen bringeth foorth flowers and seeede more lately †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nasturtium of some later writers Cressio in Frenche Cresson alnoys or Nasitort in high Douche Kresz and Garten Kresz in base Almaigne Kersse in English Cresses Towne Kars or Towne Cresses †The Nature Cresses are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree especially the seede and the herbe when it is drie for being but yet greene they do not heate nor dry so vehemently but that they may be eaten with bread as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Cresses eaten in Salade with Letuce is of vertue like to Rockat good amōgst cold herbes for eaten alone it ouerturneth the stomacke and hurteth the same bycause of his great heate and sharpenesse The seede looseth the belly and killeth and driueth foorth wormes it diminisheth the melte prouoketh the flowers and putteth foorth the secondine and the dead childe It is good against Serpentes and venemous beastes and the parfume of the same causeth them them auoyde The same taken with the broth of a pullet or chicken or any other lyke moyst meates doth ripe and bring foorth tough fleme wherewithall the breast is combred or charged The same laide to with hony cureth the hardnesse of the melte scoureth away scuruinesse and fowle spreading scabbes dissolueth colde swellinges and keepeth the heare from falling of Nasturtium Being layd to with hony vineger it is good against the Sciatica payne in the hippes and the head ache that is olde and against all olde colde diseases To conclude the seede of Cresses is in vertue very lyke Senuie as Galen writeth Of water Cresses Chap. lx ¶ The Kindes Water Cresses are of two sortes great and small †The Description The great water Cresse hath rounde holowe stalkes of a foote and a halfe long with lōg leaues made of diuers other litle roundish leaues standing togither vpon one stemme The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the branches alongst the stemmes after whiche folow smal coddes or huskes within which is the seede which is small and
leaues betwixt whiche the stalkes there riseth small purple floures with seede according The roote is small and of the length of a fingar The whole herbe is full of sape salt like Tragus whereof we shal speake hereafter and of this herbe they make Axsen whiche is vsed for the making of glasses †The Place It groweth in salt sandy grounds as in Zeland alongst the coast where there is store of it †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and the seede is rype in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And we haue named it Anthyllis prior as a difference from the second Anthyllis Plinie calleth it in Latine Anthyllon Anthyllion and Anthycellon vnknowen of the Apothecaries Some Arboristes do call it Glaudiola the which worde is deriued from Glaux and some iudge it to be Glaux albeit it is not the right Glaux The second is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anthyllis altera as a difference from the first Anthyllis some of our time do call it Borda †The Nature It is dry and serueth properly to heale and close vp woundes †The Vertues If one drinke halfe an ounce of the first Anthyllis it shall preuayle much against the hoate pisse the Strangury or difficultie to make water and against the payne of the Reynes The same mingled with milke and oyle of Roses is good for the Matrix or Mother being charged and oppressed with colde humors to be applied or layde outwardly to the belly Also it cureth woundes by it self being layde vpoÌ„ them or being mixte with salues oyntments or oyles The other Anthyllis taken with Oximell that is honied Vineger is good for them that haue the falling sickenesse Of the Clote Burre Chap. viij ⧠The Kindes THere be two sortes of Clote Burres in this countrey the one is the great Burre the other the lesser Burre the whiche Dioscorides described aparte Neuerthelesse we haue reduced both into one chapter bycause of the likelihood that is betwixt them both in name fasshion Arcium siue Personata Great Clote Burre Xanthium Louse Burre or the lesser Clote †The Description THe great Clote hath leaues very large and long greater than Gourde leaues of a swarte greene colour but of a grayish colour on the side next the ground The stalke is round hollow of colour somwhat white redde with diuers side bowghes braunches set ful of small leaues vpon the braunches there groweth small bullets or rounde balles garnisshed full of little crookes or hookes wherewithal they take holde or cleaue fast and hang vpon garments at last the sayde bullets or knoppes do open and put forth a fayre purple thromde or veluet floure The roote is single long blacke wâ—thout white within and in taste bitter The lesser Clote Burre hath grayish leaues like vnto Orache iagged or snipte round about the edges The stalke is a foote and half long full of blacke spottes diuiding it selfe into many branches or winges Betwixt the leaues and the sayde branches there groweth three or foure small Burres in a cluster somewhat long like to a small Oliue or Cornell berry prickly and cleauing fast vnto garments In the middell of those small Burres there groweth forth as it were a little Crownet somewhat aboue the Burres vpon whiche groweth small floures the which do perish after their opening and do fall with their Crowne than commeth the little Burres with long seede the which afterward do neuer open nor floure otherwise than is aforesayde The roote is redde and full of small threedes or hearie strings †The Place The Clote Burres delight to grow by the way side about the borders of fieldes in untilled places and dry Diches †The Tyme Theyr season is in Iuly and August †The Names The great Burre called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Personatia Personata and Arcium of Apulcius Dardana in Shoppes Bardana maior and Lappa maior in ItaliaÌ„ Lappola maggiore in Spanish Lampazos yerua dos pegamazos pagamacera mayor in English the great Burre or great Clote Burre in French Bardane la grande Lappe grande grand Glouteron or Gleteron in high Douch Grosz kletten in base Almaigne Groote Clissen The lesser is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Xanthium in Shoppes Lappa minor and Lappa inuersa in Italian Lappola minore in Spanish Pagamacera menor that is to say the small Burre the Burre turned in out in French Le petit Glouteron in high Douch Bettlertsz leusz and Spitz kletten that is to say Rams lyce or Beggers lysse and the poynted or sharpe Burre in base Almaigne cleyn Clissen in English Diche Burre and lowse Burre †The Nature The Clote Burres haue power to dry vp consume or dissolue but the lesser is the hoater †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Burre dronken with Hony prouoketh vryne and swageth the payne of the bladder The same dronken with olde wine healeth the bitings and stingings of venemous beasts The leaues pound with a littell salte is with great profite layd vnto the bitings and stingings of Serpents madde Dogges other venemous beasts The scede made into pouder taken with the best wine that may be gotten by the space of fortie dayes is very profitable for such as haue the Sciatica A dramme which is the eigth parte of an vnce of the roote pound with the kernesses of Pine apple and dronken is a soueraigne medicine for such as spit bloud and corrupt matter It is good for such as haue ache or payne in their ioyntes by reason that the sayde ioyntes or bones haue bene before out of ioynt broken or hurte The greene leaues pounde with the white of Egges cureth burnings and olde sores being layde thereto The iuyce of the lesser Burre dronken with wine is much vsed against the bitings of venemous beasts and also against the grauell and the stone The fruite pounde layde vnto colde swellings called in Greeke Oedema consumeth the same and scattereth or wasteth all colde humors and is specially good against the Kings euell called Strumas and Strofulas Of Mugworte Chap. ix †The Description MUgworte hath broade leaues all iagged torne like the leaues of Mormwood but something smaller specially those whiche grow about that stalke they are of a browne greene colour aboue and white hoare or gray vnderneath The stalke is long and straight full of branches The floures are smal round buttons growing alongst the branches like Mormwood smelling whan they begin to ware ripe somewhat after Marioram The roote is of a wooddy substance hath small hearie strings Of this herbe there be twoo kindes moe differing onely in colour The one hath redde branches floures and is called redde Mugworte The other hath greenish branches changing towardes white and is called white Mugworte in all things els like one to an other †The Place Mugworte
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
The common Herboristes do call it in Latine Veronica in high Douch Erenbreisz mennlin and Grundheyl in base Almaigne Eerenprijs manneken The second is called Veronica foemina of the Latinistes in Frenche Veronique femelle in high Douch Erenbreisz weiblin in base Almaigne Eerenprijs wijfken †The Nature Veronica or Paules Betony is dry and somewhat hoate †The Vertues Veronica as Paule witnesseth is specially good for the stoppings paynes of the kidneys The Decoction of Veronica dronken doth soder and heale all fresh and old woundes and clenseth the bloud from all euill corruptions and from all rotten and aduste humors and for that cause it is good to be dronken for the kidneys and against scuruinesse and foule spredding Tetters and consuming or fretting sores the small Pockes and Meselles The water of Veronica distilled with wine and so often new drawen vntill it waxe of a reddish colour is much vsed against an old Cough the drynesse and harmes of the lunges for men say that it will heale all vlcers inflammations and harmes of the Pulme or Lunges The Female Veronica is of the like operation but much weaker and not so good as the Male. Of Ground Pyne / or Iua Moscata Chap. xviij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of the herbe called in Latine ChamÄ™pitys as Dioscorides sayth the one like the other in smell and fasshion ChamÄ™pitys prima The first Grounde Pyne ChamÄ™pitys altera The second Ground Pyne †The Description THe first kinde of these herbes is a small herbe and tender creping vpon the ground it hath small braunches something croked the leaues be small narrow hearie of the sauour of the Pyne or Fyrre tree The floures be small pale yellow or white the roote is sleight or single of wooddy substaÌ„ce The second hath also small braunches browne hearie and tender croking in after the fasshion of an ancker out of which braunches groweth small hearie leaues much clouen and cut crosse wise The little floures be of a purplishe colour and grow about the stalkes in tuffes like garlaÌ„ds or crownets The seede is blacke and rounde and the whole plante sauoureth like to the other The thirde is the least of all and hath small white rough leaues the floures be yellow and in smell like to the others †The Place These herbes loue to growe in stony groundes and mountaynes in this countrey it is sowen and set in gardens †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names These three herbes be all called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aiuga Abiga and Ibâ—ga in shoppes Iua and Iua Artetica or Iua moscata in Spanishe Pinillo in English also Chamaepitys GrouÌ„d Pyne Herbe Iue Forget me not field Cypres in Frenche Iue musquée in highe Douch Velt Cypres of some Hoe langher hoe lieuer †The Nature They are hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ChamÄ™pitys tertia The third Ground Pyne ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Chamaepitys droÌ„ken in wine by the space of seuen dayes healeth the Iaundes dronken with Meade or Melicrat by the space of fortie dayes it healeth the Sciatica that is to say the payne of the hippe or hocklebone It is also good against the stoppings of the liuer the difficultie of vrine and causeth women to haue their termes or naturall sicknesse ChamÄ™pitys greene pound and mengled with Honie and layde vpon great woundes and virulent and corrupt vlcers cureth the same Also the same being greene pound and layde to womens breasts or pappes dissolueth the hardnesse of the same And being ordered as is beforesaide and layde to the bytings or stingings of Serpents Vipers and such other venemouse beasts is of great vertue and much profitable against the same The DecoctioÌ„ of ChamÄ™pitys dronken dissolueth clottie congeled bloud And the same boyled in vineger and dronken deliuereth the dead childe If the body be rubbed or annoynted with the iuyce thereof it causeth much sweating The like vertue haue the two other kindes but it is weaker and not of so great efficacy Of lauender Cotton / or Garden Cypres Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere be sundry sortes of garden Cypres growing in the gardens of this countrey †The Description THe first and the most coÌ„mon Cypres is a small tree or shrubbe of wooddy substance with vpright braunches bringing forth small narrow long and rouÌ„d ragged or purled leaues at the top of the braunches or stems groweth fayre Orenge-colour floures like the floures of Tansey but greater The roote is of wooddy substance with many strings or threddes hanging at it The other Cypres is much like to the first in stalkes leaues floures fasshion sauing that the braunches that bare the leaues are smaller set or couered with long small leaues the floures be paler smaller and the whole herbe is not of so strong a sauour but smelleth more gentilly and pleasantly The third kind his leaues be smaller shorter almost like the leaues of heath The fourth kinde his leaues be more single and like the leaues of the Cypresse tree but they are white The fifth hath softe wollie leaues as it were layde with a certayne downe or fine Cotton with stalkes creeping aloÌ„gst the ground The floures of these three kindes are not vnlike the floures of the first kinde Chamaecyparissus †The Place They grow not in this couÌ„trey but in the gardens where as they are plaÌ„ted †The Tyme They do both floure in Iuly and August †The Names Plinie calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chamaecyparissus some of the later writers do call it Santolina and Camphorata vnknowen in shoppes some call it in English Lauender Cotton and som Garden Cypres in French Cypres de iardyn in Douch Cypres The others without doubte are of the kindes of Cypres and not Cedre as some call it The seede of this herbe is called in shoppes Semen coÌ„tra lumbricos Semen Santonici Semen sanctum †The Nature It is hoate and very dry †The Vertues Plinie writeth that Chamaecyparissus droÌ„ken in wine is good against Serpents and Scorpions and other kinde of poyson Of Celandine / Figworte / and Marshe Marigolde Chap. xx †The Kindes THere be two kindes of the herbe called in Greeke Chelidonium wherof the one is the great Celandyne the other is small Celandyne in Latine Strophularia minor Chelidonium maius Great Celandyne Chelidonium minus Small Celandyne †The Description GReat Celandyne hath a tender stalke round hearie and full of braunches euery braunche hauing diuers ioyntes and knottes The leaues much like vnto Colombyne but tenderer deeper iagged or cut of a grayish colour by one side and greene vpon the other side somewhat drawing towards blew The floure is at the toppe of the braunches fayre and yellow like the wall Gyllofer turneth into long coddes or huskes in them is the seede whiche is small and pale All
his hearie stalkes redde floures and sharpe billes sauing that his leaues are much more and deeper cut and his floures be somewhat greater The sixth is like the fourth in small weake tender heary stalkes in leaues deepely cut in floures and braunches sauing that the stalkes of the fifth kinde do grow longer and higher the leaues be greater and the floures larger lyke vnto littell Roses The roote is long and most cōmonly all redde and sanguine within The seuenth hath also long reddish hearie stalkes and great leaues lyke Crowfoote but larger his floures are blew after whiche there commeth forth small beekes or billes as in the other kyndes The roote is thicke long with many small strings †The Place These herbes do grow of themselues in barren sandy groundes by high way sides and borders of fieldes Herbe Roberte likewise groweth about olde walles and olde tyled or stone healed houses The twoo last kindes are not found in this countrey sauing in gardens where as they be planted Geranium haematites Sanguin Geranium or Blood Roote Geranium batrachiodes Gratia Dei or Bassinet Geranium or Crowfoote Geraniū †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune and sometimes also in Aprill especially the first kinde †The Names Al these herbes are called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latin Geranium Gruina or Gruinalis in Italian Rostro di Grua in Spanish Pico de Ciguen̄a Aguyas pampillos The first kinde is called Geraniū tuberosum Acus pastoris Acus Moschata and Geranium supinum in English Storkes byll Pinkeneedell and of some Moschata in high Almaigne Stortkensnabel in French Bet de grue in base Almaigne Oyeuaertsbeck or Cranenbeck The second is called Geranium alterum Geranium Columbinum and Pes Columbae in English Doue foote in Frēch Pied de Pigeon in high Douch Daubenfusz in base Almaigne Duyuenuoet The third is called in shoppes Rostrum Ciconiae and Geranium supinum in English Hearons bill or Storkes bill in high douch Storkenschnabel in base Almaigne Oyeuaersbeck or Cranenbeck The fourth kinde of these herbs is a kinde of Sideritis of the Auncients is called of Dioscorides Sideritis tertia and Sideritis Heraclea now they call it Ruberta Herba Roberti Robertiana Geranium Robertianū in English Herbe Robert in Frēch Herbe Robert in high Douch Rubrechtzkraut Schartenkraut and of some klein Scholwurtz in base Almaigne Robrechts cruyt The fifth is called Gruinalis Geranium gruinale in English Cranes bill in high Douch Kranichhals in base Almaigne Craenhals The sixth is called in high Douch Blutwurtz in base Almaigne Bloet wortele that is to say the Sanguine roote or Bloud roote and Geranium Haematodes for the same cause The seuenth is called Gratia Dei in English also Gratia Dei Bassinet Geranium and Croefoote Geranium in high Douche Gottes gnad that is to say the Grace of God in base Almaigne Godts ghenade and blauw Booterbloemen and Geranium batrachiodes †The Nature The most part of these herbes are of a drying tēperature some also are clensing haue power to ioyne togither or soulder but it is not much vsed to that purpose †The Vertues The roote of the first taken in wine driueth away and healeth al blastings and windinesse of the Matrix or Mother it prouoketh vryne and is very good for them that haue the stone The second as the Auncients say is not good in Medicyne Notwithstāding at this time it is much vsed against al woundes vlcers being layd thervnto Herbe Roberte doth stanche the bloud of greene woundes to be brused and layde thereto as Dioscorides saith The same herbe as hath bene proued sithence Dioscorides time is singuler against the sores vlcers of the Pappes the priuie mēbers especially of men if it be pounde layde therevnto or if the iuyce therof be dropped or poured in The decoction of Herbe Roberte cureth the corrupt vicers and rotten sores of the mouth and amendeth the stinking of the same The rest are not vsed in medicine Of Sea Trifoly and Mylkewurte Chap. xxxiij ⧠The Kindes THere be two kyndes of Mylkewurte differing both in name and figure whereof one is called Glaux and the other Polygala Glaux Milkewurte or sea Tryfoly Polygala Milkewurte †The Description THe first Milkewurte hath many smal stemmes cōming forth of one roote the sayde stalkes be weake and tender of halfe a foote high vpon which groweth small long leaues like the smallest leaues of Lentilles and are whiter vnderneth the leafe than aboue The floures amongst the leaues are like to Gillofloures but smaller of colour purple and incarnate The roote is smal full of hearie threedes and creeping alongst the grounde The second kinde of Milkewurte called in Latine Poligala is a small herbe with slender pliant stemmes of wooddy substance as long as a mans hande creeping by the ground the leaues be small and narrow like the leaues of Lentill or small Hysope The floures grow somwhat thicke about the stemmes not much differing from the floures of Fumitory in figure and quātitie sometimes tawney sometimes blewe and sometimes white as snow without smell or sauour after whiche floures there commeth small coddes or pursses like to them of Bursa Pastoris but smaller and couered by euery side with small leaues like littell winges The roote is slender and of wooddy substance †The Place The first Milkewurte groweth in lowe salte marshes and watery places nigh the Sea thoroughout all Zealand The second groweth in dry Heathes and commons by the high way sides †The Tyme Glaux floureth in Iune and Iuly Polygala floureth in May about the Rogation or Gang weeke the which the Almaignes call Cruysedaghen therefore they call them Cruysbloemkens as Tragus that countreyman wryteth †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Glaux and Glax that is to say in English Milkewurte in Frēch Herbe au laict in Douch Milchkraut and Melckcruyt Turner calleth it Sea Tryfoly The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Poligala that is to say the herbe hauing plenty of milke by which name it is not knowē for the Almaynes call it Cruysbloeme †The Nature Both these herbes are hoate and moyst as Galen sayth †The Vertues The firste taken with meate drinke or potage ingendreth plenty of milke therefore it is good to be vsed of Nurses that lacke milke The same vertue hath Polygala taken with his leaues and floures Of Pellitory of the Wall Chap. xxxiiij †The Description PEllitory or Paritory hath rounde tender thorough shining browne redde stalkes the leaues be rough somwhat broade like Helxine Parietaria Mercury but nothing snipte or dented about The floures be small ioyning to the stemme amongst the leaues The seede is blacke and very small couered with a littell rough huske or coate whiche hangeth faste vpon garments The roote is somewhat redde †The Place It delighteth to
blew floures like the floures of female Pimpernell The roote is as thicke as a fingar There is yet another herbe whiche some holde for Mouse eare This is a low herbe most commonly spreading vpon the ground enuironned set about with a fine and softe heare the reste is very like the second Chickeweede for it hath many hearie stemmes comming forth of one roote of a reddishe or tawnie colour bylow The leaues be long rough hearie much like to a Mouse eare the small floures be white The huskes somewhat long like Chickeweede huskes The roote is very threddy Bysides these two there is yet a kinde of Mouse eare whiche spreadeth or creepeth not vpon the ground but standeth vpright growing amongst other herbes lyke to the others in stemme and leaues but it is greater and of colour white couered ouer with a clammy Downe or Cotton in handling as though it were bedewed or moystened with Honie and cleaueth to the fingers The floures come forth of small knoppes or buttons as in the second kinde The Coddes wherein is the seede are almost like to the seede vessels of wylde Rose Campion Auricula muris Matthioli Mouse eare Auricula muris quibusdam †The Place Mouse eare as Matthiolus writeth groweth in medowes and is common in Italy The two other kindes grow in this countrey vnder hedges about the borders of fieldes and by the way side as Chickeweede doth †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names Mouse eare is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Auricula muris that is to say Mouse eare in Douch Meuszorlin in base Almaigne Muysooren The two others are counted of some for Mouse eare yet they should seeme rather to be of the kindes of Alsine or Chickeweede †The Nature Mouse eare drieth without any heate †The Vertues Mouse eare pounde helpeth much against the Fistulas and vlcers in the corners of the eyes to be layde thereto A man may finde amongst the wrytings of the Egyptians that if a body be rubbed in the morning early before he hath spoken at the first entrance of the moneth of August with this herbe that all the next yeare he shal not be greued with bleared or sore eyes Of Pimpernell Chap. xxxvij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Pimpernell the one hath redde floures and is called Male Pimpernell the other hath blew floures and is called Female Pimpernell but otherwise there is no kinde of difference betwixt them Anagallis mas The male Pimpernell Anagallis foemina The female Pimpernell †The Description BOth Pimpernelles haue small tender square stalkes with diuers ioynts and it spreadeth or creepeth vpon the ground The leaues be small like the leaues of Middle Chickeweede but rounder and greene aboue but vnderneth of a grayishe colour and poudered full of small blacke speckes The floures of the male kinde be redde but the floures of the female kinde are of a fayre Azure colour The seede is contayned in small round littell bolliens or knoppes whiche spring vp after the floure †The Place It groweth plentifully in tylled fieldes and also in gardens amongst pot herbes and euery whereby way sides ⧠The Tyme It floureth all the Sommer but most in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke and in Latine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some as Plinie sayth Corchorus in Spanish Muruges in English Pimpernell in French Moron and that whiche beareth the purple floures is called also in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Corallium as Paulus Aegineta in his seuenth Booke writeth in high Douch Gauchheyl in base Almaigne Guychelheyl †The Nature or Temperament Pimpernell is hoate and dry without any acrimonie or byting sharpnesse †The Vertues Pimpernell boyled in wine and dronken is singuler against the bytings of venemouse beasts and against the obstructions and stopping of the liuer and the payne and griefe of the kydneys The iuyce of Pimpernell snifte into the Nosethrilles draweth downe from the head phlegmatique and naughtie humors and openeth the cōductes of the Nose also it healeth the tooth ache whan it is put into the Nose on the contrary side of the griefe Pimpernell layde vpon corrupt and festered vlcers or fretting sores dothe clense and heale the same Also it draweth forth thornes splinters or shiuers if it be brused and layde vpon the place It is also very good against the inflammation or heate of the eye The iuyce of the same mingled with Hony and straked or often put into the eyes taketh away the dimnesse of the sight It is written of these herbes that the Pimpernell with the blew floures doth settell stay the falling downe of the siege or great gutte And the other with the redde floure draweth it forth of his place Of Francke or Spurry Chap. xxxviij †The Description SPurry hath roūd stalkes with three or foure knots or ioyntes about the whiche groweth a sorte of very narrow smal leaues compassing the ioynts in fasshion of a Starre at the top of the stalkes it bringeth foorth many small white floures after them there cōmeth small pellets or bullets like Line seede wherein is contayned blacke seede The roote is slender and of a finger length †The Place Spurry groweth most commonly in fieldes whereas they vse to sowe it †The Tyme It floureth for the most parte in May Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Englishe Francke bicause of the propertie it hath to fat cattell It is also called in English Spurrie so it is in Frenche Douch whereof sprang the Latine name Spergula vnknowen of the Apothecaries the oldest writers also wherfore it hath none other name that is knowen vnto vs. Spergula †The Vertues Spurry is good fourage or fodder for Oxen Kyen for it causeth kyen to yeelde store of milke and therefore it is called of some Polygala and other properties it hath not that are as yet knowen Of Agrimonie Chap. xxxix †The Description THe leaues of Agrimonie are long hearie greene aboue somwhat grayish vnder parted into diuers other smal leaues snipte round about that edges almost like the leaues of Hemp. The stalke is of two foote a halfe lōg or therabouts rough hearie vpon whiche groweth many small yellow floures one aboue an other vpwardes towardes the toppe after the floures cōmeth the seede somewhat long and rough like to small Burres hāging downewards the which being ripe do hang faste vpon garments whan one doth but scarsly touche it The roote is meetely great long and blacke †The Place Agrimonie groweth in places not tylled in rough stony moūtaynes in hedges and Copses and by way sides †The Tyme Agrimonie floureth in Iune and Iuly The seede is ripe in August The Agrimonie that is to be occupied in medicine must be gathered and dryed in May. †The Names Agrimonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eupatorium and Hepatorium in shoppes
the learned Ruellius Doctor in his time at Paris could not be made beleeue that this was the right Coronopus Wherefore for the same Ruellius sake who made a liuely description of this herbe we do now call it Coronopus Ruellij in base Almaigne Crayenuoet or Rauenuoet They call it at Paris Verrucaria in some places of England they call it Swynescressis We may also call it Ruellius Coronopus This strange herbe hath no name as yet knowen vnto vs sauing that the Herboristes of Languedock take it to be a kind of Scabious or for the Cornefloure called Cyanus in English blew Bottell A man may doubt whether this be not Dioscorides Coronopus bycause that Hartes horne should seeme to be a kind of Plantayne But bycause the Description of Coronopus is very short we are not able to assure you This may also be a kinde of Condrilla †The Nature Hartes Horne is colde and dry in temperature much like Plantayne The Swines Cresses or Ruellius Coronopus as it is euident by the taste is hoate and dry like to garden or towne Cressis but not all thing so hoate †The Vertues Hartes horne is in vertue like to Plantayne whereof it is a kinde and may be vsed in all things whereto Plantayne serueth Also it hath bene proued singuler against the pissing of bloud the grauell the stone to be taken in meates or otherwise If Swines Cressis or Ruellius Coronop be the true Coronopus than the roote thereof rosted in the imbres or hoate Asshes and eaten in meates is very good against the laske proceeding from the coldnesse of the stomacke whiche is the cause of slimie humors in the Guttes for whiche purpose the very sent and taste of the roote here described declareth the same to be very good bycause it is hoate and somewhat astringent Of Bloud strange / or Mouse tayle Chap. lxv †The Description MOuse tayle is a smal low herbe with smal leaues and very narrow emongst whiche springeth vp from the roote small stemmes garnisshed with very small whitish floures and afterward with little lōg torches much like to a Mouse or Rattes tayle like the seede or torches of Plantayne before it blooweth in whiche is conteyned very small and browne seede †The Place Mouse tayle groweth in good pastures and certayne medowes and sometimes also by high way sides †The Tyme It floureth in Aprill and the torches and seede is ripe in May shortly after the whole herbe perissheth so that in Iune ye shall not finde the dry or withered plante Myosouron †The Names It is called in English Mouse tayle Bloud strange in French Queue de souris and accordingly in Grecke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cauda murina and Cauda muris in high Douch Tausent korn in base Almaigne Muyse steertkens This is not Holosteum neither Denticula Canis Ruellij as some do iudge †The Nature The leaues of this herbe do coole and differ not muche from the nature of Plantayne †The Vertues The operation and vertues of this herbe are not yet knowen howbeit as farreforth as men may iudge by the taste and sente thereof it is much like in facultie to Plantayne Of Water Plantayne Chap. lxvi †The Description WAter Plantayne is a fayre herbe with large greene leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Plantayne with a stalke full of branches small white floures diuided into three partes and after them it bringeth forth tryangled huskes or buttons the roote is of threddy strings †The Place This herbe groweth about the borders and brinkes of diches and pondes somtimes also in riuers and brookes †The Tyme It floureth from Iune till August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latin Plātago aquatica in English water Plātayne in French Plantain deau in high Douche wasser Wegrich and Frochloefelkraut in base Almaigne water Wechbree †The Nature Some men write of this herbe that it is of temperament colde and dry †The Vertues Some lay store of the leaues of water Plantayne vpon the shanks or shinnes of such as haue the Dropsie supposing that the water in the belly shall by that meanes be drawen downe to the shinnes or shanks The learned men of our time do write that it hath the same vertues faculties as the other Plantayne wherof we haue alreadie written in the lxij Chapter Of Knotgrasse Chap. lxvij Plantago Aquatica †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of this herbe as Dioscorides writeth the Male and the Female the Male is called in Englishe Swynes grasse and knot grasse but the Female is called small Shaue-grasse †The Description KNot grasse hath many round weake slender branches full of knots and ioyntes and creeping alongst the grounde it hath long narrow leaues not much vnlike the leaues of Rew sauing that they be lōger The floures be small growing alongst the branches betwixt the leaues and the ioyntes of colour sometimes white sometimes purple or incarnate after them commeth a triangled seede like to sorrell seede The roote is round and reddish with many strings The second kinde whiche they call female Knot grasse hath three or foure vpright round and euen stemmes without branches full of ioyntes and much like to the stalkes and ioyntes of Hippuris or Horse tayle but not so rough and about the ioyntes groweth many small and narrow little leaues like to a Starre and not much vnlike the leaues of Rosemary The roote is white and runneth alongst the grounde putting forth many new shutes or springs Polygonum mas The male Knot grasse or Swines grasse Polygonum foemina Female Knot grasse or small Shauegrasse Polygonum tertium The third Knot grasse †The Place The Male knot grasse groweth in fieldes about wayes and pathes and in streates The Female groweth in moyst places about the brinkes borders of rūning waters The third groweth about chāpion fields places not well husbanded especially in a moyst yeare †The Tyme The Male knot grasse the third kind do floure from after Iune vntill the end of Somer The female is found most commonly in Iuly August †The Names Knot grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinaria Sanguinalis and Proserpinata The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seminalis in Shoppes Centumnodia Corrigiola of some Sanguinaria Sanguinalis Proserpinaca in Italian Corrigiola in Spanish Corriola y cien nudos yerua in English male Knot grasse in French Renouée Corrigiole in high Douch Weggrasz and Wegtritt in base Almaigne Wechgras Verkens gras and Duysent knoop manneken The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sanguinalis foemina in base Almaigne Duysentknoop wijfkē in English of Turner Medow shauegrasse and small Shauegrasse The thirde kinde is called in base Almaigne Knawel the whiche without doubte is a kinde of knot grasse albeit Dioscorides hath described but twoo kindes Neither do we take it to
a littell flat rounde Hatte The roote is white long and single Of this sorte there is found an other kinde in all poyntes like to the aforesayde sauing that at euery head or knap there groweth in the steede of floures many other small knoppes or littell tuffets of floures hanging downe by long stemmes after the same manner as one may also sometimes see in some kindes of Daysies and Marigolds The second kinde of Scabious is the smallest or least amongst the kindes of Scabious no higher than ones hande much like vnto the great Scabious both in his leaues and floures sauing that it is smaller and the leaues be more deeper cut and iagged The third kinde is as it were a meane betwixte the other twayne smaller than the greatest and bigger than the smallest in floures much like the other twayne The leaues be long hearie and grayish snipt and cut rounde aboute but nothing so much or so deepely gaysht as the two others The roote is long and slender like the roote of the first and greatest Scabious There is also an herbe like vnto Scabious growing to the heigth of a foote half or two foote long with long narrow leaues like to the leaues of the greater Scabious or Diuels bitte the which be somwhat snipt and bluntly cut about the edges The stalkes or stemmes be round vpon the toppes whereof groweth small round knappes or bollines couered with scales like to the knops of blew Bottell or Cornefloure but much greater out of the middest wherof groweth purple hearie floures like to the middell parte of Cyanus or Blew bottell The roote is thicke shorte croked with many threedy strings †The Place The great Scabiouse and Iacea nigra do grow in medowes and pastures The smaller Scabious groweth in medowes and watery groundes that stande lowe Sheepes Scabiouse groweth in the fieldes and by the way sides †The Tyme They do all floure in Iune and Iuly Iacea nigra Materfilon or Knapweede †The Names These herbes were not described of the Auncient writers as far as I can learne and therfore they haue no Greeke nor Latine name to vs knowen The first is now called in Shoppes Scabiosa and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Scabious in French Scabieuse in Douch Apostemkraut Pestemkraut and Grindtkraut in base Almaigne Scabiose The second is now called Scabiosa minor that is to say small Scabious The third is called in English Sheepes Scabious in French Scabieuse de brebis in base Almaigne Schaeps Scabiose The fourth is now called in Shoppes Iacea nigra and Materfilon and it hath none other name knowen vnto vs. †The Nature All the Scabiouses are hoate dry digesters diuiders of grosse humors †The Vertues Scabious boyled by it self or with his roote in wine or water and dronken doth clense the breast and the lunges and is good against an old Cough the impostems of the breast and all other inward partes as in the clensing ripping sodering healing of the same The same effect hath the Conserue made with the floures of Scabiouse and sugar to be vsed dayly Scabious is also good against all itch scuruinesse to be pound and layde to the same or to be mixte with oyles and oyntments fit for the same The lye wherin Scabious hath ben boyled or stiped doth clense the heare frō all bran or white scurffe whiche is small duste or scales which falleth from the head whan the head and heare is wasshed therewithall The Decoction of Iacea nigra gargeled or whan the mouth is often wasshed therewithall it doth waste consume the impostems of the mouth and throte that are yet fresh and new and doth ripe and breake them that be olde The small Scabious and the sheepes Scabious are not vsed in medicine Of Deuels bitte Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THe stalkes of Deuels bitte are round and of two or three foote lōg bearing broade leaues very little or nothing at al snipt about the edges The floures be of a darke purple colour sometimes white growing round thicke togither like the croppe or floure of Hoppes after the falling away whereof the seede is carried away with the winde The roote is blacke harde short thicke with many threddy strings by the sides the whiche in the middell or as it were about the hart of the same seemeth as it were bitten of †The Place Deuels bit groweth in dry medowes and woodes and about way sides †The Tyme This herbe floureth most cōmonly in August the which being in floure is easie to be knowen otherwise it is somewhat harde to be knowen bycause it doth resemble Scabious or Iacea nigra Morsus Diaboli †The Names It is called in Shops Morsus diaboli in English Deuels bit in French Mors de diable in high Douch Teuffels abbisz in base Almaigne Duyuels beet Of some late writers Succisa in Latine And it hath none other names whereby it is yet knowen †The Nature Deuels bitte is hoate and dry like vnto Scabious †The Vertues The decoctiō of Deuels bit with his roote boyled in wine drōken is good against al the diseases that Scabious serueth for also against the Pestilence The same decoction dissolueth clotted bloud in the body by meanes of any bruse or fall Diuels bitte fressh and greene gathered with his roote and floures pounde or stamped and layde to Carboncles Pestilential sores and Botches doth ripe and heale the same The decoction of the roote boyled in wine and dronken is good against the payne of the Matrix or Mother and against all poyson Of Scordium / or water Germander Chap. lxxv †The Description THis herbe hath square hearie or cottony stalkes creeping by the ground and set vpon euery side with softe crimpled and round whitish leaues nickt snipt roūd about the edges like a saw betwixt which and the stalke groweth littell purple floures like to the floures of dead Nettell but smaller The roote hath threedy strings creeping in the ground †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medowes neare about diches is found in some partes of the countrey of Brabant †The Tyme Scordion floureth most commonly in Iune Iuly thā is the best gathering of it †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scordiū Trixago palustris of some Mithridatium in high Douch wasser Batenig and of some Lachen Knoblauch in base Almaigne Water loock in English also Scordion water Germander †The Nature Scordion is hoate dry in the thirde degree Scordium †The Vertues Scordion drōken with wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer the Milte the Kidneys the Bladder and the Matrix it prouoketh vrine and is good against the stoppings of vrine and strangury whan a man cannot pisse but drop after drop it moueth and prouoketh womens floures The same taken in manner aforesayde is good against the bitting of Serpents and
dronken doth comfort reioyce the hart and are good against the trembling and shaking of the same Of Sanicle / or Sanikell Chap. xcvij. ⧠The Description SAnicle hath browne greene plaine shining and roundish leaues parted into fiue partes with deepe cuttes like vnto vine leaues or rather like Maple leaues amongst whiche there springe vp two stemmes of the heigth of a foote bearing many small round buttons at the toppe full of littell white floures whiche do turne into smal rough burres which is the seede The roote hath threedy strings and is blacke without white within †The Place Sanicle is founde in moyst woodes and stony bankes in hilly or mountayne countries Northerly †The Tyme Sanicle floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Sanicula of some Diapensia in English Sanicle in French Sanicle in high Douch Sanicle This is none of the kindes of Sinckfoyle or Pentaphillon as some would haue it †The Nature Sanicle is dry in the thirde degree astringent ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of Sanicle dronken doth make whole sound all inward and outwarde woundes and hurtes so that as Ruellius writeth it is a cōmon saying in Fraunce Celuy qui Sanicle à De Mire affaire il n'a That is to say who so hath Sanicle needeth no Surgean Sanicula Sanicle boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the spitting of bloud the bloudy flixe and cureth the vlceratiōs and hurtes of the kidneys The same taken in like manner or the iuyce thereof dronken cureth burstings especially whan the herbe is also layd vppon the greefe eyther brused or boyled The leaues thereof the roote boyled in water hony and dronken healeth the perished lunges and al malignant vlcers rotten sores of the mouth gummes and throote if the mouth be wasshed or gatgled therewithall Of Ladies mantell / or great Sanicle Chap. xcviij †The Description THis herb hath large roūd leaues with fiue or sixe corners finely dented round about the whiche at their first cōming vp out of the ground are folden togither or as it were playted Alchimilla Amongst them groweth small round stemmes halfe a foote long set here and there with little leaues and bringeth foorth at the top small floures clustering thicke togither of a yellowish greene colour with a smal yellow seede no greater then Purselane or Poppie seede inclosed in small greene huskes The roote is thicke as long as ones fingar browne without and hath threedy strings †The Place Great Sanicle or Ladies Mantell groweth in some places of this coūtrey as in certayne medowes in the hanging of Hilles whereas the soyle is of potters clay fat and redde ⧠The Tyme This herbe floureth in May and Iune †The Names The latter wryters do call this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Achimilla Alchimilla Stellaria Plāta leonis Pes leonis of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 howbeit this is not the right Leontopodium whereof Dioscorides writeth in English Ladies mantell great Sanicle and Padelion in French Pied de Lion in high Douch Synnan Lewentapen Lewenfusz Vnser frauwē Mantell grosz Sanickel in base Almaigne folowing the high Almaignes Synnaw Onser vrouwen mantel and groote Sanikel †The Nature It is dry like Sanicle but colder †The Vertues Ladies mantell is much like to Sanicle in facultie and serueth for all diseases wherevnto Sanicle is good Moreouer it taketh away the payne heate of all woundes inflamed vlcers and Phlegmons being applied thereto The same pound layde vpon the Pappes or Dugges of wiues or maydens maketh them harde and firme Of Sarrasins Consounde Chap. xcix †The Description SArrasines Consounde hath a round browne redde holow stalke three or foure cubites high as Pena writeth all alongst the whiche from the lowest parte euen vp to the harde toppe there growe long narrow leaues like to Wythie or Peach leaues dented round aboute with small denticles At the toppe of the stalkes growe bleake or pale yellow floures the whiche being ripe are carried away with the winde The roote is very threedy †The Place Sarrasines Consounde groweth in shadowy woodes and especially there whereas it is somewhat moyst †The Tyme This herbe is found with his floures most commonly in August Solidago Sarracenica †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Solidago Sarracenica Consolida Sarracenica of some Herba fortis in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery in French Consoulde Sarrasine in high Douch Heidnisch wundkraut in base Almaigne Heydensch wondtcruyt †The Nature Sarrasines Consounde is almost dry in the third degree and not without heate in taste bitter and astringent †The Vertues Sarrasines Consounde healeth all sortes of woundes and vlcers both inwarde and outward to be ministred in the same manner as the other Consolidatiue or healing herbes are whether it be giuē in drinke or applied outwardly with oyntments oyles or emplaisters The same boyled in water and dronken doth restraine and stay the wasting lyuer and taketh away the oppillation and stopping of the same of the bladder and gaule and is good agaynst the iaundise feuers of long continuance and for such as are falling into a dropsie The decoction of the same is good to be gargled against the vlcers and stinking of the mouth and against the vlceration of the gummes and throte Of Golden rodde Chap. c. ⧠The Description GOlden rodde at the firste hath long broade leaues spredde abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp a reddish or browne stalke of the length of a foote and half with leaues like to the first but smaller it spreadeth it selfe at the toppe into diuers small branches charged or loden with small yellow floures the whiche also whan they are ripe are carried away with the winde like to the floures of Sarrasines Consounde The roote is browne and hath threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in wooddes vppon mountaynes and in frutefull soyle †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Virga aurea that is to say Golden rodde in French Verge d'or in base Almaigne Golden roede and we know not as yet whether it hath any other name †The Nature The taste of this herbe is very like to Sarrasines Consounde and therefore it is of like nature Virga aurea †The Vertue and Operation Golden rod is also an herbe apt to heale woundes and hath the same vertues whiche Sarrasines Consounde hath and may be vsed in all disseases for the whiche the sayde Consounde is good The same boyled in wine and dronken is very good agaynst the stone namely in the reynes For it breaketh the same and maketh it to descend with the water or vrine and so doth also the water of this herbe distilled with wine and dronken by some space of time as wryteth Arnoldus de Villa Noua Of water
Sengreene and Knights yerrow / or Woundworte Chap. cj. †The Kindes VNder the title of Stratiotes that is to say Knights woundworte or Water yearrow Dioscorides describeth twoo herbes well knowen in this countrie The one called Crabbes clawe The other water Milfoyle or Yearrow Sedum aquatile Water Sengreene Stratiotes potamios Knights woundeworte †The Description THe first whiche is called Knights Woundworte or water Sengreene is a water herbe whiche fleeteth vpon the water not muche vnlike the great Sengreene before that he bringeth foorth his stalke but that it is greater The leaues be narrow of halfe a foote long hauing vpon each side sharpe teeth and prickley poyntes or indented Corners like to Bitter Aloes or Sea aygreene but muche smaller narrower and shorter The floures are vpon short stemmes and grow foorth by the sides of the leaues and are white and diuided into three with a certayne throm or hearie yellow in the middell and growe out of a clouen huske like to a Crabbes Clawe It hath none other roote sauing a very shorte stemme broade and thicke aboue and very small and tender vnderneath from whence springe vp the leaues by the sayde shorte stemme vnderneath the leaues growe long threedes like to very fine and small lutestrings here and there stretching themselues euen to the bottom of the water by the whiche it taketh holde and draweth sustenance from the grounde Certayne deceytfull and naughtie Rogues that would be taken for cunning Physitions with their Treacles Scammonie and Playsters do gather of the fine strings and hearie rootes aforesayde and put them into Phiols or Glasses full of water and set them openly in their shoppe windowes or standings to be seene of the people whereby they make the people to beleeue that that they be wormes whiche they haue caused men to auoyde with theyr pouders Sugar and Oyntments The second kinde called Knights Milfoyle bycause of the great multitude and number of leaues hath long small and narrow leaues deepely cut in vpon bothe sides like to the winge fethers of some smal byrdes For as the feathers of byrdes haue as it were a stemme or a certayne ribbe in the middell from whence there grow out vpon eache side long narrow barres plumes or fine heares euen so in like manner these small leaues haue also a ribbe or sinew in the middell from whence there growe out vpon bothe sides small and narrow leaues euery leafe like to the hearie barres or plumes of such smal feathers Amongst the sayde leaues groweth vp a stalke or stemme of a span long bearing leaues like to the aforesayde and at the top a fayre tufte bushe or nosegay of many small yellow floures like the common Yearrow or Milfoyle The roote is tender and threedy †The Place The first kinde groweth in this countrey in pondes and pooles is found in diuers diches that are neare to the Riuers of Eschauld and Dele in the countrey of Brabant The other groweth in very good and ranke medowes but a man shall finde it very seldome †The Tyme Water Sengreene floureth in May. The other in August †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Militaris and it may be well called Sedum aquatile in English Knights worte Knights woundeworte or Knightes water woundworte Knights Pondeworte and of some Knights water Sengreene in base Almaigne Crabbenclaw and after the Greeke Ruyters cruyt or water Ruyters cruyt The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Militaris millefolia in English Knights Milfoyle souldiers Yerrow and yellow knighten Yerrow in French Herbe militaire à millefueilles and Millefueille iaulne in base Almaigne Geel Geruwe †The Nature Knights woundeworte of the water is colde and dry The other with the thousand leaues called Knighten Mylfoile is dry and somewhat astringent †The Vertues The first Knights worte boyled in water and dronken stoppeth the pissing of bloud and cureth the woundes and vlcers of the kidneys and the vse of it is good against all inwarde woundes The leaues therof pounde and layde vpon greene woundes keepeth them from inflammation and apostumation or swelling The same layde too with vineger cureth the wilde fyre or S. Anthonies fire with other hoate tumors as Phlegmons c. The yellow Knights worte or Souldiers Milfoyle is singuler good against all kinde of olde and new vlcers it cureth Fistulas it stancheth bloud it soudereth bringeth togither and cureth woundes whether it be pounde or brused and so layde vpon or mixt with oyles oyntments and emplaysters that are made for such purposes Of Yarrow / or common Milfoyle Chap. cij ⧠The Description MIlfoyle hath round hollow stalkes of a foote and halfe long the leaues be long and very fine and deepely iagged vpon both sides euen harde vnto the middell ribbe or sinew very wel like to the smallest leaues of Coriander or Southrenwood The floures grow in fayre rounde tuffets or busshes at the toppe of the stalke and are most commonly all white sometimes also in this countrey of a purplish colour and as Dioscorides writeth sometimes all yellow the whiche as yet hath not bene seene in this countrie The roote is blacke and threedy †The Place Milfoyle groweth plentifully in this countrey about paths high wayes and the borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth from Iune to September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Achillea and Achillea sideritis of Apuleius Myriophyllon Myriomorphos Chiliophyllon Stratioticon Heracleon Chrysitis Supercilium Veneris Acron syluaticum Militaris and of some Diodela in Shoppes at this present Millefolium in Italian Millefoglio in Spanishe Yerua Milloyas in English also Milfoyle Yerrow and Nose bleede in French Millefueille in high Douch Garben Schaffgrasz Schaffrip and Tausenblaet in base Almaigne Geruwe Achillea Some count Achillea to be that kinde of Tansie whiche we before in the tenth Chapter of this present booke haue named the small white Tansie as it is there declared †The occasion of the Name This herbe had his name Achillea of the noble and valiant knight Achilles whose valiant actes noble Historie were described by Homer The sayde Achilles vsed this herbe very much and it was firste taught him by the Centaure Chiron With this herbe Achilles cured the woundes and sores of Telephus the sonne of Hercules †The Nature Milfoyle is very dry and astringent †The Vertues The Decoction of Milfoyle dronken doth cure and stoppe the bloudy flixe and all other laskes The same dronken stoppeth all fluxes but especially the redde fluxe in women that floweth to abundantly It worketh the same effect being applied to the secrete partes or if one sitte or bathe in the decoction thereof The same brused and layde vpon woundes stoppeth the bloud and keepeth the same from inflammation and swelling and cureth the same Of Comfrey Chap. ciij. †The Description COmfrey hath rough hearie stalkes and long rough leaues much like the
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
the cause that the Brabanders call it Origano as the Spaniards do call it Oreganos The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origanum onitis which is yet vnknowē in this countrie The thirde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Origanum syluestre that is to say wilde Origan in Spanish Oregano campestre The first is commōly taken in the Shoppes of this countrie for Origanum is called in English wilde Origan and Bastarde Marierom in French Origan sauuage and Mariolaine bastarde in high Douch Dosten Wolgemut in base Almaigne groue Marioleyne The second may be called wilde Origan with the white floures The thirde is called English Marierom in French Mariolaine d'Angleterre ▪ and in base Almaigne Engelsche Marioleyne and it is taken in some shoppes and of some Herborists for Marum †The Nature All the kindes of Origan are hoate and dry in the third degree the one being stronger than the other †The Vertues Origan boyled in wine and dronken is good against the bytings of venemous beasts or the stinginges of Scorpions and fielde spyders And boyled in wine as is aforesayde it is good for thē that haue taken excessiuely of the iuyce of Homblocke or Poppie whiche men call Opium The same dronken with water is of great vertue against the paynes of the stomacke and the stitches or griping torments aboute the harte and causeth light digestion and taken with Hydromel or honied water it loseth the bellie gentilly and purgeth by stole aduste and Melancholique humors and prouoketh the fluxe menstruall The same eaten with figges profiteth them much that haue the Hydropsie and against the shrinking and drawing togither of members It is profitably giuen to be licked vpon with Hony against the Cough the Pleurisie and the stopping of the Lunges The iuyce of Origan is of great force against the swelling of the Almondes or kernels of the throte and cureth the vlcers of the mouth The same iuyce drawen or snift vp into the Nose purgeth the brayne and taketh away from the eyes the yellow colour remayning after that one hath had the Iaunders It appeaseth the paynes of the eares being dropped in with Milke It is good against all kinde of scuruinesse roughnesse of the skinne manginesse and against the Iaunders if one bathe in the Decoction thereof made in water or if the body onely be wasshed withthe same The same herbe being mengled with vineger and Oyle is good to be layde on with wool vpō squats or bruses and blacke and blewe markes to partes displaced or out of ioynt The wilde Origan with the white floure is of singuler vertue against all the abouesayde maladies or disseases as Galen saith Of Tragorigan / or Goates Origan Chap. lxx †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Tragoriganum as Dioscorides hath left in writing †The Description THE first kinde is very much like Organū sauing that his stalkes leaues be tēderer The seconde kinde hath many browne woddish stēmes the leaues be meetely large of a swart greene colour larger than the leaues of Pellamountayne or running time and somwhat rough ouer couered Tragoriganum alterum as it were with a certayne fine and softe hearie The small floures are purple and grow like Crownes or whorles at the toppe of the stemmes †The Place These herbes are not common in this countrie but are onely founde in the gardens of certayne diligent Herborists ⧠The Tyme Tragoriganum floureth here in August †The Names This kinde of Origan is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragoriganum we may also call it in English Tragoriganum or Goates Origan The second kinde is called also Prasium of some of this coūtrie it hath ben deemed or taken for Tyme †The Nature The Tragoriganum is hoate and dry like Origan also it hath a certayne astringent vertue †The Vertues The decoction of Tragoriganum dronken maketh a good loose bellie and auoydeth the Cholerique humors and taken with vineger it is good for the Melte or Splene Tragoriganum is very good against the wambling of the stomacke and the sowre belkes whiche come from the same and against the paine or desire to vomit at the Sea Tragoriganum mengled with Hony and oftentimes licked vpon helpeth against the Cough and shortnesse of breath It prouoketh vrine bringeth to wemen their monethly termes the same layde on with the meale of Polenta hath power to dissolue colde tumors or swellings Of Basill Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Basill the one of the Garden the other is wilde Wherof the garden Basill also is of two sortes one great the other small ⧠The Description THE Basill Royall or great Basill hath round stalkes full of braunches with leaues of a faynt or yellowishe greene colour almost like to the leaues of Mercury The floures are rounde about the stalkes sometimes purple and sometimes as white as snow Whan they are gone there is founde a small blacke seede The roote is long with many stringes or threedes The second kinde is not much vnlike to the abouesayd The stalkes be roūd with many littell collaterall or side branches The leaues be snipte or iagged round aboute a great deale smaller than the leaues of Basill Royall or great Basill The floures are very much like to the others These two kindes are of a maruelous sweete sauour in strength passing the smell of Marierom so as in deede their sent is so strong that they cause Headache whan they are to much or to long smelde vpon The wilde Basill hath square hearie stēmes beset with small leaues much lyke to the leaues of Bushe or small Basill but a great deale smaller hearie The floures are purple or of a skie colour very like the floures of garden Basill The roote is full of hearie threedes and creepeth alongst the grounde and springeth vp yearely a new the whiche the other two garden Basils doth not but must be newe sowen yearely Ocimum maius Great Basill gentle Ocimum minus Busshe Basill or small Basill gentle †The Place Basill gentill is sowen in gardens The wilde Basill groweth in sandie groundes alongst by the water side †The Tyme These herbes do floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The garden Basill is called of the Auncients in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimum and of some Basilicum that is to say Royall it is now called Ocimum gariophyllatum in English Basill Royall Basill gentle or garden Basill and the smaller kinde is called bushse Basill in French Basilicq or Basilic in high Douch Basilgen Basilgram in base Almaigne the great is called Groue Basilicom and the small Edel Basilicom The wilde Basill is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acinus in French Basilic saunage in high Douch wilde Basilgen in base Almaigne wilde Basilicom †The Nature Garden Basill is of complexion hoate and moyst The wilde Basill is hoate and
blumen that is to say S. Catharines floure of some Waldt schwartz kumich some learned men thinke it to be wilde Comyn whereof we haue written in the lxxxiiij Chapter of this Booke The thirde kinde is now called Melanthium Damascenum and Nigella Damascena that is to say Damaske Nigella in French Nielle de Damas in high Douch Schwartz Coriander †The Nature The seede of Nigella is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede of Nigella dronken with wine is a remedie against the shortnesse of breath it dissolueth and scattereth all ventositie and windinesse in the body it prouoketh vrine floures it increaseth womans milke if they drinke it often The same slayeth and driueth out wormes whether it be dronken with wine or water or else layde to the Nauell of the belly The same vertue hath the oyle that is drawen forth of Nigella seede to annoynt the region of the belly and nauell therewith The quantitie of a Dramme of it dronkē with water is very good against all poyson and the biting of venimous beasts The onely fume or smoake of Nigella tosted or burnt driueth away Serpents and other venimous beasts and killeth Flies Bees and Waspes The same mingled with the oyle of Ireos and layde to the forehead cureth the head ache and oftentimes put into the Nose is good against the webbe bloudshotten of the eyes in the beginning of the same The same well dried and pound and wrapped in a piece of Sarsenet or fine linencloath and often smelled vnto cureth all Murres Catharrhes poses drieth the brayne and restoreth the smelling being lost And boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth swageth the tootheache and if one chewe it being well dried it cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth It taketh out Lentils Freckles and other spottes of the face and clenseth foule scuruinesse and itche and doth soften olde colde and harde swellings being pounde with vineger and layde vpon The same stieped in olde wine or stale pisse as Plinie saith causeth the Cornes and Agnayles to fall of from the feete if they be first scarified and scotched rounde aboute †The Daunger Take heede that ye take not to much of this herbe for if ye go beyonde the measure it bringeth death Turner lib. secundo fol. 10. Of libanotis Rosmarie Chap. xcvij. †The Kyndes LIbanotis as Dioscorides writeth is of twoo sortes the one is frutefull the other is barren Of the frutefull sorte there is two or three kindes ⧠The Description THe first frutefull kinde hath leaues as Dioscorides saith very much diuided and cut lyke vnto Fenell leaues sauing they be greater and larger moste commonly spread abroade vpon the grounde amongst them groweth vp a stalke of a cubite that is a foote and halfe long or more vpon whiche grow the floures in spokie tuffets like Dill and it beareth great round cornered seede of a strong sauour and sharpe taste The roote is thicke and hearie aboue and sauoring like Rosin The seconde kinde hath a long stalke with ioyntes like the Fenell stalke on whiche growe leaues almoste like Charuill or Homlocke sauing they be greater broader and thicker At the toppe of the stalkes groweth spokie tuffets bearing white floures the whiche do turne into sweete smelling seede flatte and almost like to the seede of Angelica and Brank vrsine The roote is blacke without and white within hearie aboue and sauereth like to Rosin or Frankencence There is yet an other sorte of these fruteful kindes of Libanotis the which is described by Theophrastus Lib .ix. Chapt .xij. It hath also a straight stalke with knottes and ioyntes and leaues greater than Marche or Smallache The floures grow in tuftes like as in the two other kindes bringe foorth great long and vneuen seede which is sharpe in taste The roote is long great thicke and white with a certayne kinde of great thicke heare aboue and smelleth also of Frankencence or Rosin Libanotidis alterum genus Libanotis Theophrasti The barren Libanotides as Dioscorides writeth are like to the frutefull in leaues rootes sauing they beare neither stalkes floures nor seede The other kinde of Libanotis called Rosmarinum coronarium in English Rosmarie hath bene already described Chap. lxxv of this Booke †The Place The frutefull Libanotides are now founde vpon the high mountaynes hilles and desertes of Germany ⧠The Tyme These herbes do floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Libanotis bicause that his roote sauoreth like the Encens which is called in Greke Libanos in Latine Rosmarinus The first kind as Dioscorides writeth is called of some Zea and Campsanema in Shoppes Faeniculus porcinus in high Douche Beerwurtz in base Almaigne Beerwortel that is to say Beers roote The seede therof is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canchrys or Cachrys The second kinde is called in high Douch Schwartz hirtzwurtz that is to say blacke Harte roote The thirde is described of Theophrastus wherefore we haue named it Libanotis Theophrasti in high Douch weisz Hirtzwurtz that is to say white Hartes roote the seede of this kinde is also called of Theophrastus Canchrys or Cachrys †The Nature These herbes with their seedes and rootes are hoate and dry in the second degree and are proper to digest dissolue and mundifie †The Vertues The rootes of Libanotis dronken with wine prouoketh vrine floures healeth the griping paynes and torment of the belly and are very good against the bytings of Serpents and other venimous beasts The seede of Libanotis is good for the purposes aforesayde Moreouer it is singuler good against the falling sicknesse and the olde and colde diseases of the breast They vse to giue it to drinke with pepper against the Iaūders especially the seede of the seconde kynde of Libanotis for as touching the seede of the first kinde called Cachrys it is not very good to be taken into the bodie seing that by his great heate and sharpnesse it causeth the throote to be rough and grieuouse The leaues of al the Libanotides pounde do stoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or Pyles and do souple the swellings and inflammations of the tuell or fundement and it mollifieth and ripeth all olde colde and harde swellings being layde therevpon The iuyce of the herbe and rootes put into the eyes with hony doth quicken the sight and cleareth the dimnesse of the same The dry roote mengled with Hony doth scoure and clense rottē vlcers and doth consume and waste all tumors or swellings The seede mengled with oyle is good to annoynt them that haue the Crampe and it prouoketh sweate The same mengled with Yuray meale and vineger swageth the payne of the goute when it is layde thereto It doth also clense and heale the white dry scurffe and manginesse if it be layde on with good strong vineger They lay to the forehead the seede called Cachrys
to wilde Persley the seede whereof is of a very pleasant and Aromaticall sauour and of a sharpe and byting taste both these kindes are yet vnknowen The thirde kinde as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like Coriander white flouresrand a tufte or spokie bushe like to wilde Carot and long seede For this kinde of Daucus there is now taken the herbe whiche some do call wilde Carrot other call it burdes nest for it hath leaues like Coriander but greater and not muche vnlike the leaues of the yellow Carrot His floures be white growing vpon tuffets or rundels like to the tuffets of the yellow Carrot in the middle whereof there is founde a little small floure or twayne of a broune redde colour turning towardes blacke The seede is long and hearie and sticketh or cleaueth fast vnto garmēts The roote is small and harde †The Place The firste kinde groweth in stony places that stād full in the Sunne especially in Candy as Dioscorides writeth The third kinde groweth euerywhere in this countrie aboute the borders of fields in stony places by the way sides †The Tyme The third kinde of Daucus floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The Daucus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Daucum and Daucium The first kind is called Daucum Creticum that is to say Daucus of Candie The third kinde is called in Shoppes Daucus of some also Daucus Creticus in English Daucus and wilde Carrot in Frēch Carrotte sauuage in high Douch Vogelnest that is to say Birdes nest in base Almaigne Croonkēs cruyt the same is but a certayne wilde Carrot Dauci tertium genus †The Nature The seede of Daucus is hoate and dry almost vnto the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The seede of Daucus dronken is good against the strangurie and painefull making of water against the grauell the stone it prouoketh vrine floures and expulseth the dead fruyte and Secondine It swageth the torment and griping payne of the bellie dissolueth windinesse cureth the Colique and ripeth an old Cough The same taken in wine is very good against the bitings of venimous beasts especially against the stingings of Phalanges or fielde spiders The same pounde and layde to dissolueth scattereth colde softe swellings and tumors The roote of Daucus of Candie dronken in wine stoppeth the laske and is a soueraigne remedie against venim and poyson Of Saxifrage Chap. ci †The Kyndes The Saxifrage is of two sortes great and small †The Description THe great Saxifrage hath a long hollow stalke with ioyntes or knees whereon groweth darke greene leaues turning towards blacke made fashioned of many small leaues growing vpon one stem after the order of the garden Carrot or Parsenip but much smaller each little leafe alone is snipt round about the edges saw-fashiō the floures are white grow in roūd Cronettes or spoky tuffets The seede is like to common Parselie seede sauing that it is hoater and byting vpon the tongue The roote is single white and long like the Parselie roote but sharpe and hoate in taste like Ginger Saxifragia maior The great Saxifrage Saxifragia minor The small Saxifrage The small Saxifrage is altogither like the great in stalkes leaues floures and seede sauing that it is a great deale smaller and of a greater heate and sharpnesse The roote is also long and single of a very hoate and sharpe taste There is yet an other small Saxifrage like to the aforesayde in stalkes floures seede and roote and in proportion smacke and smell sauing his leaues are deeper cut and of an other fasshion not much vnlike the leaues of Parselie of the garden or the wilde Parselie †The Place The great Saxifrage groweth in high medowes and good groundes The smal Saxifrages growe vnder hedges and alongst the grasie fieldes in dry pastures both these kindes are very common in this countrie †The Tyme Saxifrage floureth after Iune vnto the ende of August and from that time foorth the seede is ripe †The Names The Saxifrage is called in Latine and in the Shoppes of this countrie Saxifragia and Saxifraga of Symon Iannensis Petra findula of some Bibinella in high Douch Bibernell and Feldmoren in base Almaigne Beuernaert and Beuernelle There be some also whiche call it Bipennula Pimpinella and Pampinula the whiche is the peculier or proper name of our Burnet described in the xcv Chapter of the first booke and doth not apperteyne vnto these herbes as it appeareth by this olde Verse Pimpinella pilos Saxifraga non habet vllos that is to say Pimpinell or Burnet hath heares but Saxifrage hath none Whereby it appeareth that our Pimpinell commonly called in Englinsh Burnet which hath certayne fine heares appearing in the leaues whan they are broken was called in times paste in Latine Pimpinella and this whiche hath no hearinesse at all was called Saxifragia Some learned men of our time traueling to bring the small Saxifrage vnder certayne Chapiters of Dioscorides do call it Sison and others Petroselinum Macedonicum The third sorte wolde haue it a kinde of Daucus But in my iudgement it is much like to Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bunium †The Nature Saxifrage with his leaues seede and roote is hoate and dry euen to the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede roote of Saxifrage dronken with wine or the decoction thereof made in wine causeth to pisse well breaketh the stone of the kidneys and bladder and is singular against the strangurie and the stoppings of the kidneys and bladder The roote bringeth to women their termes driueth forth of the Matrix the Secondine and the dead fruyte if it be taken in maner aforesayde The roote dried and made into pouder and taken with Sugar comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and cureth the gnawing and griping paynes in the belly and the Colique by dryuing away ventositie or windinesse The same with the seede are very good for them whiche are troubled with any Conuulsion or Crampe and Apoplexie and for such as are troubled with long colde Feuers and for them that are bitten with any venimous beast or haue taken any poyson The same dronken with wine and vineger cureth the Pestilence and holden in the mouth preserueth a man from the sayde disease and purifieth the corrupt ayre The same chewen vpon maketh one to auoyde much flegme and draweth from the brayne all grosse and clammy superfluities it swageth toothache and bringeth speach againe to them that are taken with the Apoplexie It hath the same vertue if it be boyled in vineger alone or with some water put thereto and afterwarde to holde it in the mouth The iuyce of the leaues of Saxifrage doth clense and take away all spots and freckles and beautifieth the face and leaueth a good colour It mundifieth corrupt and rotten vlcers if it be put into them The same vertue hath the leaues brused and layde vpon The destilled water alone or with vineger cleareth
vpon Carbuncles and Pestilentiall botches and tumors breaketh the same especially after that it hath ben soked in vineger and mingled with leccayne It swageth tooth ache being put into the hollownesse of perished teeth or rather as Mesue sayth to be boyled in vineger and holdē or kept in the mouth Being layd to the eyes alone or mingled with Collyries made for the purpose it cleareth the sight With this gumme and Pitche they make a playster the whiche is very singuler agaynst the bytinges of al wilde and mad beastes being layd therevnto Of Laserpitium / and Laser Chap. cxij. †The Description LAserpitium by that we may gather of Theophrastus Dioscorides is an herbe that dyeth yerely his stalke is great and thicke lyke Ferula the leaues be lyke Persley and of a pleasant sent The seede is broade as it were a little leafe it hath a great many rootes growing out of one head which is thicke and couered with a blacke skinne From out of these rootes and stalkes being scarified and cut floweth a certayne strong liquor the which they drie and is verie requisite in medicine and it is called Laser but it is not all of a sorte nor in al places alyke for it chaungeth in taste sauour and fashion according to the places where as the Laserpitium groweth The sappe or liquor that floweth out of the Laserpitium growing in Cyrene is of a pleasant sauour and in tast not very grieuous so as in tymes past men dyd not onely vse it in shoppes for Physick but also in fine Cakes Iunkettes and other meates as Plinie writeth That whiche floweth out of the Laserpitium that groweth in Media and Syria is of a very lothsome and stinking sauour †The Place Laserpitium groweth on the high mountaynes and desertes of Cyrene and Aphrica and this is the best and chiefest and it yeeldeth a liquor which is very good and of a pleasant smell It groweth also in Syria Media Armenia and Lybia but the iuyce or liquor thereof is not so good but is of a very lothsome detestable and abominable smell †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Laser and Laserpitium of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Magudaris especially that whiche yeeldeth no liquor as in Lybia The stalkes of the right Laserpitium are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Silphium The rootes are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Magudaris The first leaues that spring vp out of the ground are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maspetū The iuyce or liquor of Laserpitium is called in Latine Laser and of the Arabian Physitions Asa or Assa The iuyce whiche floweth from the stalkes is called of Plinie Caulias and of Gaza the interpreter of Theophrastus Scaparium Laser That whiche floweth from the rootes is called Rhizias of Gaza Radicarium Laser The sweete sauering gumme or liquor is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Succus Cyrenaicus or Laser Cyrenaicum of some Asa Adorata vnknowen in Shoppes for that whiche they take for Laser as all the learned men of our tyme thinke is called of the Apothecaries Gummi benzui or Belzui or Assa dulcis in Englishe Belzoin or Benzoin in Frenche Benioin and it is not Laser but the gumme or liquor of a certayne great tree to vs vnknowen as the trauelers do affirme and as it doth manifestly appeare by the thicke peeces of barke and wood which is often found in and amongst the Benzoin that it cannot be the gumme or liquor of an herbe that perisheth yerely That Laser whiche commeth from Media is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Medicum or Succus Medicus That whiche commeth from Syria is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Syriacum These two last recited kindes of Laser that come from Syria and Media bycause of their lothsome sauour are called of the Arabian Physitions and Apothecaries Assa foetida in Englishe also Assa fetida in high Douche Teufels dreck that is to say Deuilles durt it is called in Brabant by a very strange name Fierilonfonsa †The Nature Laserpitium especially the roote is hoate and drie in the thirde degree Laser is also hoate and drie in the thirde degree but it exceedeth muche the heate of the leaues stalkes and rootes of Laserpitium †The Vertues The rootes of Laserpitium are very good as Dioscorides and Galen writeth to be dronken against alpoyson and a little of the same eaten with meat or taken with salte causeth one to haue a good and sweete breath The leaues of this plante as Plinie writeth boyled in wine and dronken mundifieth the Matrix and driueth foorth the Secondine and the dead fruit The rootes well pounde or stamped with Oyle scattereth clotted blood taketh away blacke and blewe markes that come of bruses or stripes cureth and dissolueth the kinges euill and all harde swellinges and Botches the places being annoynted or playstered therewith The same roote made into powder and made into a playster with the Oyle of Ireos and waxe doth both swage and cure the Sciatica or gowte of the hippe or huckle bone The same boyled with the pilles of pome Granattes and vineger doth cure the Hemorhoides and taketh away the great wartes all other superfluous outgrowinges about the fundement It hath the same vertue if one foment or bathe the fundement with the Decoction of the same rootes boyled in water They do also mundifie and clense the breast it dissolueth and ripeth tough flegme and it is very profitable against an olde cough comming of colde to be taken with hony in maner of a Lohoc or electuarie They prouoke vrine they mundife and clense the kidneyes and bladder they breake and driue foorth the Stone they moue the flowres and expulse the Secondine and the dead fruit If they be holden in the mouth and chewed vpon they swage tooth ache and drawe from the brayne a great quantitie of humours The liquor or gumme of Laserpitium especially of Cyrene broken and dissolued in water and dronken taketh away and cureth the hoarsenesse that cōmeth sodenly and being supt vp with a reare Egge it cureth the cough and taken with some good broth or supping it is good against an olde Pleurisie Laser cureth the Iaunders and Dropsie taken with dryed figges It is very good agaynst Crampes and the drawing togyther or shrincking of sinewes and other members to be taken the quantitie of a scruple and takē with Pepper Myrthe it prouoketh the flowres and driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruit To be taken with Hony and vineger or with Syrupus Acetosus it is singuler agaynst the falling sicknesse It is good against the flixe of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakenesse of the stomacke which disease is called in Latine Coeliacus morbus with the skinne or rather the kernelles of raysons It driueth away the shakinges shiueringes of agues to be dronken with Wine Pepper
place where as it is burned no venimous beastes haue power to hurt such as be annoynted with Galbanum and those venimous beastes or SerpeÌ„tes as be touched with Galbanum mingled with oyle and the seede or roote or Spondilium or Angelica it will cause them to dye The parfume of Galbanum doth also helpe wemen that are greeued with the rising or strangling of the mother and them that haue the falling sicknesse and being layde to the nauel it causeth the Matrix or mother that is remoued from his naturall place to settel agâ—yne Galbanum doth mollifie and soften and draweth foorth thornes splinters or shiuers and colde humours and it is good to be layd vpon al colde tumors and swellinges and it is mingled with all oyntmentes oyles and emplaysters that haue power or vertue to warme to digest to dissolue to ripe and breake impostemes and to drawe out thornes and splinters It is good to be layde vpon the stoppinges and hardnesse of the melte and against the payne of the syde The same layde to with vineger and Nitrum taketh away the spottes and freckles of the face and from other partes of body If it be put into the holowe and naughtie tooth it taketh away the ache of the same It is good to be poured into the eares with the oyle of roses or Nardus agaynst the corrupt filth and matter of the same Of Ammoniacum Chap. cxv AMmoniacum is the gumme or liquor of a kinde of Ferula whiche is called Agasyllis as Dioscorides saith growing in the Countrie of Cyrene in Aphrica nigh to the Oracle of Ammon in Lybia whereof it is called Ammoniacum as some thinke The best Ammoniacum as Dioscorides writeth is that whiche is close or firme pure and without shardes splinters or stonie gristels or grauell and without any other baggage intermeddled with the same of a bitter taste drawing towardes the sauour of Castoreum and it is almost lyke the right Frankenesence in small peeces and gobbetes †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke after the name of the Temple of Ammon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ammoniacum in Shoppes Armoniacum and Gummi Armoniacum The best and purest of this gumme or liquor is called Thrausma as Dioscorides saith that is to say Friatura in Latine That which is full of earth and grauell is called Phyrama †The Nature Ammoniacum is hoate in the second degree almost drie in the same degree †The Vertues Ammoniacum taken the waight of a Dram loseth the belly and driueth foorth colde slymie flegme drawing the same to it from partes a farre of also it is good against the shortnesse of breath and for such as are Astmatique and alwayes panting and breathing and against the stoppinges of the breast the falling sicknesse the gowt the payne of the hanche or huckle bone called the Sciatica against the olde head ache and diseases of the brayne the sinewes and extreame partes It doth mundifie and clense the breast it rypeth flegme causeth the same to be easily spet out to be mingled with hony and lickt as a Lohoc or taken with the decoction of hulled Barley It is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Spleene or Milte it deliuereth the dead Childe and prouoketh vrine but there must be but a little of it taken at once for if it be taken in to great a quantitie or to ofteÌ„ it wil cause one to pisse blood It cureth all swellinges and hardnesse it slaketh the payne of the liuer and Splene being stieped in vineger and spread or layde vpon the place If it be mingled with hony or pitch and layd to it dissolueth harde lumpes or swellinges and taketh away Tophi whiche be harde tumoures engendred of the gowte in the ioyntes and extreme partes it consumeth also all colde tumours and Scirrhus matter being layde vpon And it is very good to be put into al oyntmentes and playsters that are made to chafe and warme to swage payne to soften and drawe It is good to be layde to the Sciatica or gowt of the hippe and vppon all payne and wearinesse of any parte with the oyle of Cyprus and Nitrum Ammoniacum is good to be put into Colyria and all Medicines that are made to cleare the sight medicines that are made to take away the dimnesse and webbe of the eyes Of Euphorbium Chap. xvi FVphorbium is the gumme or teare of a certayne strange plante growing in Lybia on the mount Athlante or Athlas next to the Countrie of Mauritania nowe called Morisco or of the Moores And it was first founde out in the tyme of Iuba king of Lybia the leafe of this plant is long and rounde almost lyke to the fruit of Cucumer but the endes or corners be sharper set about with many prickles which are somtimes fouÌ„d in the gumme it selfe one of those leaues set in the grounde doth increase and multiply diuers The sappe or liquor that commeth foorth of the sayde leaues burneth or scaldeth and straightwayesit congeleth and becommeth thicke and that is the Euphorbium The first Euphorbium is yellowish cleare brittle very sharpe and burning in the mouth and throte freshe and newe not muche elder then a yere for this gomme doth soone lose much of his heate and vertue by age as Galen and Mesue saith Euphorbium †The Place The Euphorbium described of the Auncientes groweth vppon the mount Athlas in the Countrie of Lybia bordering vpon Mauritania it groweth also in Africa and Iudea from whence it hath ben conueyed into certayne places of Spayne Fraunce Italie where as it bringeth foorth neyther floures nor fruit Pena hath seene it growing at Marselles and Monspellier in France where as he saw the floures and tasted of the fruite †The Tyme It putteth vp his leaues in the spring time whereof the first the second and the thirde is the stalke or stem and the rest growe foorth as branches and whan the plant is seuen or eyght yeeres olde it bringeth foorth yellow floures like in proportion to Balaustia and in Autumne the fruit is ripe of colour red and prickley c. †The Names This gumme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Euphorbium in shoppes Euforbium some call it Carduus Indicus and Ficus Indica that is to say the Thistell or figge of India some take it to be Opuntia Plinij This EuphorbiuÌ„ should seeme to be that wherof Solinus hath made mention in the xxvii Chap. of his Historie wheras he saith Proficere ad oculorum claritatem Et multiplex sanitatis praesidium fore ac non mediocriter percellere vim venenorum It is also the Euphorbium described by Iohn Leo in his African historie †The cause of the Name Iuba king of Lybia was the first finder out of this herbe and named it after the name of his Physition the brother of Musa who was also a Physition to the Emperour Auguste †The Nature Euphorbium is very hoate and drie almost
proportion of larkes spurre but muche smaller and of Carnation or a light redde purple colour and oftentimes white and growing meetly thicke togyther After the flowers there coÌ„meth certaine huskes or coddes in which is the seede whiche is rounde and blacke The roote of one of these kindes is all rounde and firme yellowe within and couered ouer with a blackishe pyll or skinne The roote of the other is most commonly long growen like a peare holowe both vnderneath and within †The Place These rootes growe by olde quicke set hedges and bushes in the borders of feeldes and in the pendant and hanging of hilles and mountaynes The smaller roote whiche is not hollowe is founde in certayne places of Brabant by Louaigne The greater whiche is also holow groweth in Germany wheras the one groweth the other groweth not at all so that ye shal neuer finde the full roote growing with the holowe roote nor the holowe roote growing by the full roote †The Tyme This herbe springeth betimes and bringeth foorth his stalkes and leaues in Februarie and flowreth in Marche and deliuereth his seede in April afterwardes the herbe fadeth so that nothing of him remayneth sauing the roote vnder grounde †The Names The roote whiche is holowe within is called in Germanie Holwurtz that is to say in English Holowe roote or Holewurt in Frenche Racine creuse in Brabant Hoolwortele that is to say in Latine Radix caua The other whiche is full close and firme is called in Brabant BoonkeÌ„s Holwortel Radix caua maior The great Holewurt Radix caua minor The small Holewurt This roote especially that whiche is holowe hath ben of long time vsed in the Shoppes of this Countrey for rounde Aristolochia it is so taken yet of some ignorant Apothecaries Some of the learned do thinke this herbe to be the Pistolochia described of Plinie Others woulde haue it to be a kinde of fumetorie caled Capnos Phragmites and some thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thesium Theophrasti Some also thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eriphiam Plinij and it seemeth to be somewhat lyke Eriphya that is written with y bycause it is founde in the spring time onely and therefore it may be well called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Planta veris. †The Nature Holeworte is hoate and dry in the seconde degree †The Vertues Holeworte cureth the Squinancie and olde tumoures or swelling of the throte or kernelles and Almondes of the same if one gargle or wash his mouth with the decoction of the same roote boyled in water onely or vineger for it hath power to cut and consume grosse humours It is also good agaynst the tumoures and inflammations of the vuula to be kept in the mouth and chewed vppon or the powder of the same layde thereto The same mingled with Vnguentum Populion nigrum or with some other of the same nature is good to waste and consume the HÄ™mÄ™roydes or piles and to swage the paynes of the same Of Swallowurte or Vincetoxicum Chap. iij. †The Description ASclepias is somewhat lyke the third kinde of Aristolochia in stalkes and leaues his stalkes be smothe rounde and small about two foote long with blackish leaues not much vnlyke Iuye leaues sauing they be longer sharper poynted The flowers growe vpon small stemmes betwixt the leaues of a pale or bleake white colour and sometime eyellowish and also blacke of a certayne strong sweetish sauour after them commeth long sharpe-poynted huskes or coddes the which do opeÌ„ of themselues whan they are ripe and within them is conteined seede lapped as it were in a certaine white wooll the whiche seede is reddish and broade not muche vnlyke the seede of Gentian The rootes be long round as it were small round threddie stringes or laces enterlaced one with another almost lyke the rootes of blacke Hellebor or Oxe heele and of a rancke sauour †The Place Asclepias groweth in rough high grauely and Stonie mountaynes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Asclepias of some it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hederuncula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Hederae folium and nowe it is called Hirundinaria and VincetoxicuÌ„ in Germanie Schwalben wurtzel in Brabant Swaluwe wortele we may call it in English Asclepias VincetoxicuÌ„ Swallowurt Asclepias †The cause of his first Name This herbe tooke his name of the Ancient father Esculapius which was called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whom both the Greekes and Gentils say that he was the first that found out Physicke wherefore they honoured him as a God †The Nature The rootes of Asclepias are hoate and drie and resist poyson †The Vertues The roote of this Herbe boyled in water and dronken slaketh the gryping paynes of the belly is very good for suche as are bitten of venimous beastes and madde Dogges not onely to be giuen to drinke inwardly with wine but also if the leaues be applyed outwardly The leaues of Asclepias pounde and layde to are good agaynst the malignant vlcers and corrupt sores both of the breastes and Matrix or mother Of Periploca Chap. iiij †The Kyndes THere are two sortes of Periploca wherof one hath no surname the other is called Periploca repens Periploca prior The first Periploca Periploca altera The seconde Periploca †The Description THE first Periploca is many wayes like vnâ—… Swallowurt or Asclepias but his leaues be somewhat larger and greater his little stalkes or branches are longer his huskes or coddes allâ— are longer and thicker and his rootes are like threddie stringes creeping on the grounde The other hath longer and larger leaues his stalkes and braunches are thicker and harder they perishe not in winter as the first do and his huskes or coddes are also greater Both these herbes beyng scarrified or hurt do giue foorth a milkie iuyce or liquor and specially the last for the iuyce of the first is oftentimes yellowish †The Place These plantes growe in Syria and suche lyke hoate regions they do not lightly beare their huskes in Brabant †The Names They are both called Periplocae and the second is called Periplocca repens both are thought to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apocynon of Dioscorides the whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Brassica Canina yet there is another Brassica canina a kind of wilde Mercurie ⧠The Nature and Vertues Apocynon is a deadly and hurtful plant not onely to man but also to cattel his leaues mixt with meale and tempered or made into bread it destroyeth Dogges Wolues and Foxes and other suche beastes that eate thereof Of Asarabacca Chap. v. †The Description ASarabacca hath swart greene rounde shining leaues lyke Iuye but a great dealerounder and tenderer in and amongst those leaues next the grounde growe the
Latine Clematis altera Ambuxum Epigetis and of some of our tyme Flammula The seconde is also accounted to be Clematis altera bycause of the lykenesse it hath with the other albeit his leaues do not muche bite vpon the tongue The thirde is nowe called Vitalba in Frenche Viorne in high Douch Lijnen or Lenen and of some Waldreben Some learned men take this herbe for a kinde of Clematis altera although his leaues lykewise haue no very great byting sharpnesse vpon the tongue Wherefore it shoulde be rather iudged of me to be more lyke the herbe whiche men call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some Cissanthemon and Ciffophilon whereof we haue written before in the eleuenth Chapter of this thirde booke ⧠The Nature The leaues of Clematis altera are hoate in the beginning of the fourth degree †The Vertues The seede of Clematis altera taken with water or Mede made with water and honie purgeth downewarde cholerique humours with grosse and tough fleme as sayth Dioscorides The leaues being layde vppon doth take away and heale the scurffe and leprie The fruite of Cyclaminus altera dronken with white wine fourtie dayes togither doth heale the stoppinges and hardnesse of the Melte or Splene purging the same both by siege and vrine And is profitable for them that are short winded to be taken into the body Of Iuye Chap. xlix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Iuye as Dioscorides writeth The first hath a white fruite and is vnknowen vnto vs. The seconde beareth a blacke or yellowish fruite and of this kinde there groweth great plentie in this Countrie The thirde kinde is small and creepeth along vpon the grounde and this kinde bringeth no fruite Hedera nigra Blacke Iuye Hedera Helix Smal Iuye Barren Iuye †The Description THE blacke Iuye hath harde wooddy branches couered with a graye thicke barke whereby it embraceth and taketh holde vpon walles old houses and buildinges also about trees and hedges and all thinges els that it meeteth withal The leaues be harde playne of a browne greene colour triangled at the beginning and after when they be more elder they waxe somthing rounder The flowers grow at the top or highest part of the branches vpō long straight stemmes many togither like a round nosegay of a pale color after they turne into round beries about the quantitie of a pease clustering togither greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they be ripe they waxe blacke The thirde kinde is not muche vnlyke the Iuie abouesayde but that his branches are both smaller and tenderer not lifting or bearing it selfe vpwarde as the other kinde but creeping alongst by the grounde The leaues are most commonly three square of a blackish greene and at the ende of sommer about Autumne they are betwixt browne and red vpon one side this Iuie hath neyther flowers nor fruite ¶ The Place The blacke Iuie groweth in all partes of this Countrie vppon olde buyldinges houses walles tyles or coueringes of houses and vppon trees and hedges about the which it embraceth and taketh holde fast The small Iuie groweth in woodes and creepeth alongst the grounde amongst the mosse †The Tyme The blacke Iuie flowreth in sommer and the fruite is rype in winter †The Names Iuie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hedera in high Douche Ephew or Eppich in base Almaigne Veyl The first kinde whiche is vnto vs vnknowen is called Hedera alba and of Plinie Hedera foemina The seconde kinde is called Hedera nigra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dionysia of Plinie Hedera mas and that kinde whiche embraceth trees is called of men in these dayes Hedera arborea and that which groweth vpon walles Hedera muralis in French Lyarre noir in high Douch Schwartzer Eppich and Maur Ephew or Baum Ephew in base Almaigne Veyl and Boom Veyl or Muer Veyl The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clauicula and Hederula in French Petit Lyarre in high Douthe Klein Ephew in base Almaigne Cleyne Veyl †The cause of the Name Iuie is called in Greeke Cissos bycause of a certaine Mayden or Damsell whose name was Cissus the whiche at a feast or banquet wherevnto the Goddes were al bidden so daunced before Bacchus and kissed him often making suche mirth and ioy that being ouercome with the same fel to the ground and killed her selfe But as soone as the earth knew therof she brought foorth immediatly the Iuie bushe bearing still the name of the yong Damosel Cissus the which as soone as it groweth vp a litle commeth to embrace the Vine in remembrance that the Damosell Cissus was wonte so to loue and embrace Bacchus the God of wine †The Nature The Iuie is partly colde drie and astringent and partly hoate and sharpe Moreouer being greene it hath a certayne superfluous moystnesse and humiditie the which vanisheth when it is drie †The Vertues The leaues of Iuie boyled in wine do cure great woundes and vlcers and do stay corrupt vlcers and fretting sores The same ordered as is aforesaid wel stampt or pound layd to healeth burninges and scaldinges that chaunce eyther by hoate water or fier The same boyled in vineger health the hardnesse and stopping of the melt or splene if it be layde therevpon The iuyce of the leaues and fruite drawen or snift vp into the nose purgeth the brayne and causeth slymie or tough fleme and other cold humours wherewithall the brayne is charged to issue foorth The same put into the eares stayeth the running humours of the same and healeth vlcers and the corrupt sores happening in the same and it doth the lyke to the sores and vlcers in the nose The same layd to by it selfe or with oyle of roses is very profitable against the olde greeues of the head The flowers of Iuye layde to in manner of a playster with oyle and waxe healeth all burninges The decoction of the same flowers made in wine and dronke twise a day healeth the dangerous flixe called Dysenterie Fiue Iuie beries boyled with oyle of roses in the pille of a Pomgarnet This oyle doth cure and helpe the toothach being put into the eare on the contrarie syde where the payne of the teeth is The gumme of Iuy kylleth Lyce and Nittes And being layde to it taketh away heare from the place you lay it vpon ⧠The Danger The fruite of Iuye taken in to great a quantitie weakeneth the hart and troubleth the sense and vnderstanding The vse therof is also very dangerous for women especially for women with childe and such as are newly deliuered Of grounde Iuye Chap. l. †The Description GRounde Iuye hath many square tender stalkes growing foorth from a roote full of threddes or stringes vppon whiche growe leaues somewhat rounde vneuen and indented rounde about of a strong smell and bitter taste smaller rounder and tenderer
then the leaues of Iuye The flowers do growe amongst the leaues in taste bitter and of a purple colour †The Place Grounde Iuye is very common in all this Countrie and groweth in many gardens and shadowie moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth from Aprill vnto the ende of sommer and continueth greene the most part of all the yere †The Names This herbe is called of men in these dayes in Latine Hedera terrestris and Corona terrae and by this name it is knowen of the Apothecaries It is called in Frenche Lyarre or Lierre terrestre in high Douche Gundelreb and Grundreb in base Almaigne Onderhaue And this herbe hath ben long tyme taken for that which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecissus but as I do thinke it is better like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whiche it is taken of some Hedera terrestris officinarum †The Nature Grounde Iuye is hoate and drie †The Vertues Grounde Iuie brused and put into the eares taketh away the humming noyse or ringing sounde of the same And is good for suche as are harde of hearing Of Woodbine or Honysuckle Chap. li. Periclymenum Woodbine or Honysuckce Periclymeni tertia species The thirde kinde of Periclymenum †The Description WOodbine or Honysuckle hath many small branches whereby it windeth and wrappeth it selfe about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches grow long leaues and tender white vpon the one syde on the other side of a bleake or faint colour betwixt white and greene at the end of the branches grow the flowers in tuftes lyke nosegayes of a pleasant colour and sweete sauour betwixt white and yellow or pale and purple long holow almost like the little bags of Colombine After the flowers come rounde beries which are as red as Corall when they be ripe The roote is of a wooddy substance There is yet another kinde the whiche bringeth foorth leaues standing directly one agaynst the other and so closed or ioyned togither that the stalkes passe through them but in all other poyntes meetely well like to the aforesayd kinde Byside these two sortes of Honysuckle or Woodbine there is yet another in leaues lyke the first the whiche kinde doth not wrap nor winde it selfe about trees and hedges as the other sortes do but groweth and standeth vpright of it self without the helpe of winding branches or clinging claspers The flowers are white muche smaller then the other sorte of flowers in figure somewhat long conteyning within them many small threddes and they growe euer two and two togither by couples and no moe vpon a stemme amongst the leaues and branches the whiche being gone past there grow vp two round beries eyther red or browne when they be ripe †The Place Woodbine groweth in all this Countrie in hedges about inclosed feeldes and amongst broome or firres It is founde also in woodes especially the two last recited kindes The third kind groweth in many places of Sauoye and in the Countrie of the Swysers †The Tyme Woodbine flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is rype in August and September †The Names This herbe or kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegina Carpathon Spleniō Epaetitis Clematitis and Calycanthemon in Latine Volucrum maius Periclymenum and Syluae mater of the Apothecaries Caprifolium and Mater Sylua and of some Lilium inter spinas in French Cheurefueille in high Almaigne Geiszbladt Speckgilgen Zeunling and Waldgilgen in base Almaigne Gheytenbladt and Mammekens cruyt in Englishe Honysuckle or Woodbine and of some Caprifoyle The thirde kinde is called in high Douchlande Hundtszkirschen that is to say Dogges Cherries ¶ The Nature Woodbine is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree †The Vertues The fruit of Honysuckle dronken in wine by the space of fourtie dayes doth heale the stopping and hardenesse of the Melt or Splene by consuming of the same and making it lesse And purgeth by vrine the corrupt and euil humours so strongly that after the dayly vse thereof by the space of sixe or ten dayes togither it will cause the vrine to be red and blooddy It is good for such as be troubled with shortnes of breath for them that haue any dangerous cough moreouer it helpeth women that are in trauell of child and drieth vp the natural seede of man to be taken in manner abouesayd The leaues haue the lyke vertue as the fruite hath as Dioscorides sayth Moreouer it keepeth backe the brusinges which are wonte to come at the beginning of Agues when the sayd leaues are sodden in oyle and pound or stamped very smal and the backe or ridge be annoynted therewithal before or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague The same healeth woundes and corrupt moyst vlcers and taketh away the spottes and scarres of the body and face ⧠The Danger The leaues and fruit of Woodbine are very hurtfull to women with child and altogither contrarie Of smothe Bindweede / or Withiwinde Chap. lij †The Kyndes TThere be two sortes of Bindeweede or withywinde the one bearing a blewe flower the other a white whereof one is great the other small The greater kind windeth it selfe about hedges and trees the lesser most commonly trayleth vpon the grounde Smilax lenis maior Gentle Withiwinde the great Smilax lenis minor Chamaecissus Gentle Withiwinde the smal †The Description THE blewe Withiwinde hath slender branches and small by whiche it clymbeth vp and wrappeth or windeth it selfe about trees and poles The leaues be large and cornered lyke to the olde leaues of Iuye sauing that they be not so harde The flowers are fashioned like belles blewe and holowe the seede is blacke and almost three square lying in knoppes or huskes after the same manner as the seede of the white Bindeweede The great white Bindeweede or soft withiwinde hath lykewise stalkes and branches small and tender whereby it windeth it selfe about trees and hedges lyke the hoppe Vpon the same branches grow tender and soft leaues greene and smothe almost like the leaues of Iuye but muche smaller and tenderer The flowers be great white and hollowe in proportion like to a Bell. And when they are gone there come in their steede little close knoppes or buttons which haue in them a blacke cornered or angled seede The roote is smal and white like to a sort of thicke heares creping alongst vnder the earth growing out or sending foorth new shutes in sundrie places of taste somewhat bitter and full of white iuyce or sappe The lesser white Withywinde is muche lyke to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers seede and rootes sauing that in all these thinges it is muche smaller and most commonly it creepeth alongst vppon the grounde The branches are small and smooth the little leaues are tender and soft the flowers are like to litle belles of a purple or flesh colour the seede is cornered or angled as the seede of the
herbes as Thyme Sauerie Tithymale is likewise very hoate That which groweth vpon other herbes is not so feruent hoate Neuerthelesse of it selfe it is somwhat hoate and drie †The Vertues Doder or Cuscuta boyled in water or wine and dronke openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the bladder the galle the melt the kidneyes the veynes and purgeth both by siege and vrine the Cholerique humours It is good agaynst olde Agues and agaynst the Iaunders especially that kinde whiche groweth vpon the Hoppes and vpon Brambles The other sortes haue propertie according to the herbes wherevppon they growe Of Hoppes Chap. lix †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hoppes the manured or toyled Hop and the wilde hedge Hoppe The husbanded Hoppe beareth his flowers or knoppes ful of scales or litle leaues growing one ouer another clustering or hanging downe togither like belles The wilde is not fruitefull but if by chance they happen to beare it is but little and small †The Description THE tame Hoppe hath rough branches beset with small sharpe prickels it groweth very high and windeth it selfe about poles and perches standing neare wheras they be planted The leaues be rough almost like the leaues of Briony but lesser and nothing so muche nor so deepely cut of a deeper or browne colour About the top of the stalkes amongst the leaues grow rounde and long knoppes or heades of a whitish colour whiche are nothing els but many small leaues betwixt white and yellow or pale growing togither Vnder the sayde small leaues or scales is hidden the seede which is flat The belles or knoppes be of a very strong smell when they be ripe The brewers of Ale and Bier do heape and gather them togither to giue a good relish and pleasant tast vnto their drinke The roote creepeth along in the earth is enterlaced or tangled putting foorth in sundrie places newe shutes and springes The hedge or wilde Hoppe is very much like the manured and tame Hoppe in leaues stalkes but it beareth no knoppes or flouers and if they beare any they be very small and to no purpose The roote of the same doth also trayle or creepe alongst in the grounde and at diuers places putteth foorth also newe shutes and tender springes the whiche are vsed to be eaten in Salades before they bring foorth leaues and are a good and holesome meate †The Place The tame Hoppe is planted in gardens and places fit for the same purpose is also found in the borders of feeldes and about hedges The wild Hoppe groweth in hedges and busshes in the borders of feeldes and herbe gardens †The Tyme The bell knoppes and heades of Hoppes come foorth in August and are rype in September †The Names Some of our tyme do cal the Hoppe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lupulus Salictarius or Lupus Salictarius in shoppes Lupulus in high Douche Hopffen in Neather Douchlande Hoppe and Hoppecruyt Lupus Salictarius ¶ The Nature The Hoppe but especially his flowers are hoate and drie in the second degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Hoppes dronken doth open the stoppinges of the liuer the splene or melte and kidneyes and purgeth the blood from all corrupt humours causing the same to come foorth with the vrine Also it is good for them that be troubled with scabbes and scurninesse and suche lyke infirmities whose blood is grosse and corrupted For the same purpose serueth the young springes and tender croppes at their first comming foorth of the grounde in Marche and Aprill to be eaten in Salade The iuyce of Hoppes openeth the belly and driueth foorth the yellowe cholerique humours and purgeth the blood from all filthynesse The same dropped into the eares clenseth them from their filth and taketh away the stinking of the same Of Ferne or Brake Chap. lx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Fernes as Dioscorides writeth the male and female the whiche in leaues are very well lyke one another †The Description THE male Ferne hath great long leaues sometimes of two foote in length spread abrode vpon eche side like winges cut in euen to the middle ribbe or sinew and snipt or toothed round about like a sawe vnder whiche leaues ye may see many little spottes or markes the whiche in continuance of time become blacke and after they fall of the roote is thicke and blacke without putting foorth many leaues and small dodkins or springes whiche are the beginning of leaues This kinde of Ferne beareth neither flowers nor seede except we shal take for seede the blacke spottes growing on the backside of the leaues the whiche some do gather thinking to worke wōders but to say the trueth it is nothing els but trumperie and superstition Filix mas Osmunde Royall Filix foemina Brake or common Ferne. The female Ferne also hath neyther flowers nor seede but it hath long greene bare stemmes vpon the whiche growe many leaues on euery syde cut in and toothed rounde about very like to the leaues of male Ferne but somewhat lesse The roote of this Ferne is long and smal blacke without and creeping along in the grounde ¶ The Place Male Ferne groweth almost in al rough and vneuen places in moyst sandy groundes and alongst the borders of feeldes standing lowe or in vallies The female kinde is founde in woods and mountaynes †The Tyme The leaues spring foorth in Aprill and wither or fade in September †The Names The firste kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix mas that is to say The Male Ferne in Frenche Feuchiere masle in high Douch Waldtfarn mennle in neather Douchland Varen manneken of Mattheolus and Ruellius it is called Osmunde Royall The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix foemina in Frenche Feuchiere femelle in Englishe Female Ferne in high Almaigne Waldtfarn Weiblin and of some Grosz Farnkraut in base Almaigne Varen wijfken in English Brake Common Ferne and female Ferne. Both kindes of Ferne are of like temperament or qualitie that is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of male Ferne taken with Mede or honied water to the weight of halfe an ounce driueth foorth and killeth brode wormes The same sodden in wine is very good agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Melt or Splene The roote of the female Ferne taken in lyke manner as you take the male bringeth foorth the brode and rounde wormes The leaues of both kindes of Ferne put into the bedstrowe driueth away the stinking punayses and al other suche wormes ⧠The Danger The vse of Ferne is very dangerous for women especially those that are with childe Of Osmunde or Water Ferne. Chap. lxi †The Description THis kinde of Ferne is almost lyke the female Ferne sauing that the leaues be not dented or toothed it hath a triangled straight and small stemme
brode leaues and nothing prickley which is called the right Artechoke the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes which may be called the Thistell or prickley Artechoke †The Description Cynara Artechokes Cynaraealiud genus Prickley Artechokes The Thistell or prickley Artechoke hath great long leaues very much and deepely cut vpō both sides euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues and full of sharpe cruel prickles The stalke is long vpon the which grow scaly heades almost like the others They are both of one kinde not otherwise to be accounted for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other especially the Thistell Artechoke commeth of the seede of the right Arrechoke Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius who commaunded to breake the point of the seede for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde ¶ The Place These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde but are sowen and planted in gardens †The Tyme The right prickley Artechokes bring forth their great heades in August †The Names This kinde of Thistell especially the first sorte is called of Galen in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Math. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cynara Cinara Carduus Carduus satiuus of writers of our time Arocum Alcoralum and Articocalus in Frenche Artichaut in Italian Articoca in high Douch Strobildorn in Brabāt Artichauts folowing the Frenche the heades be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spondyli in Englishe the great and right Artechok The other is called Cinaraacuta in French Chardonnerette in Brabant Chardons It may be wel Englished the Thistel or prickley Artichoke †The Nature and Vertues The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten as Galen writeth in his boooke De Alimentis and of harde digestion wherefore they engender noughtie humours especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus in some good broth of beefe or other flesh then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle salt and vineger some vse them rawe with pepper and salt and the powder of Coriander and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste They are not vsed in medicine as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth Some write if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok being first srieped or soked in strong wine be eaten that they prouoke vrine and stirre vp the lust of the body Also they write that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes if after the taking cleane away of the pith the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended The same boyled in water and dronken doth strengthen the stomacke and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter It stayeth the inuoluntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman Of our Zadyes Thistell Chap. lxij †The Description OVr Ladies Thistel hath great broade white greene leaues speckled with many white spots set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalkes be long as bigge as ones finger at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus but lesser rounder and blacker The roote is long thicke and white Spina alba Our Ladyes Thistel †The Place Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie almost in euery garden of potherbes and is also founde in rough vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly the same yere it is first sowen and when it hath brought foorth his seede it decayeth and starueth †The Names This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina alba of some also Agriocinara Donacitis Erysisceptrum Spina regia and Carduus Ramptarius of the Arabian Physitions Bedeguar in Englishe Our Ladies Thistell in Frenche Chardou nostre Dame in high Douche Marien Distel and Frauwen Distel in base Almaigne Onser Vrouwen Distel in shoppes Carduus Mariae †The Nature The roote of our Ladies Thistel is dry and astringent The seede is hoate and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine is good for them that spit blood and for those that haue feeble stomackes and lose bellyes Taken in the same sort it prouoketh vrine and driueth it foorth It consumeth colde and soft swellinges being layde therevnto The wine wherein it hath bene boyled swageth the tooth ache The seede is giuen with great profite to children that be troubled with the crampe or the drawing awry of any member and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes or other venemous beastes Of the Globe Thistel Chap. lxiij †The Description THis thistel hath also great broade leaues of a sadde greene colour aboue or in the vpper side and next the grounde they are rough of a grayish colour deepely iagged and hackt rounde about the indented edges are full of sharpe prickley pointes The stalke is rounde and blatkishe as bigge as ones finger and of foure or fiue foote long whervpon grow faire round heades and rough bearing rounde about a great many of smal whitish flowers mixt with blew The roote is browne without †The Place This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes and such as loue herbes Spina peregrina †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly a yere after it hath bene sowen †The Names The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes in Latine Spina peregrina of Valerius Cordus Carduus Sphaerocephalus in high Douche Welsch Distel or Romisch distel in base Almaigne Roomsche distel Vremde distel that is to say the Romaynes Thistel or the strange Thistel How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes we knowe not except it be Acanthus syluestris wherewithall it seemes to be much like Turner calleth it Ote Thistel or Cotton Thistel in folowing Valerius Cordus we may also call it Globe Thistell bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle †The Nature This strange Thistel is hoate and drie the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell in rubbing it betweene your handes also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof †The Vertues This Thistell is not in vse that
that one plante doth sometime occupie the roome or space of a foote or a foote and a halfe in compasse The leaues be as smal as the Lentil leaues whitish and somwhat mossie or heary set in rewes directly aunswering one leafe agaynst another all alongst a small twigge or slender branche neither greater nor lesse but like the boughes and leaues of Lentilles The flower is also lyke the blowing of the Lentil but much smaller almost lyke the blossom or flower of Ciche peason whitishe and sometimes marked with purple lines or strakes The seede is inclosed in smal huskes almost like to the wild Lotus or Trefoyl The whole plant on euery side is set ful of sharpe prickley thornes harde white and strong The roote stretcheth it selfe alongst in length vnder the ground like to the roote of the common Liquerise yellowe within and blacke without tough and limmer and harde to breake the which roote being layde in some feruent hoate place or in the Caniculer dayes laid in the Sonne it getteth a white gumme which is founde sticking fast vpon it Tragacantha †The Place Tragacantha groweth in Media and Creta as Plinie sayth it is also found in other Countries as in Prouince about Marselles whereas I haue seene great store †The Tyme Tragacantha flowreth in April the seede is ripe in Iune in the Caniculer dayes the gumme is founde cleauing to the roote ⧠The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragacantha and Hirci spina vnknowen in Shoppes euen amonst them where as it groweth The gumme also whiche commeth from it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragacanthae lachryma in Shoppes Gummi Dragaganthi in English Gumme Dragagant †The Nature Tragacantha as Galen writeth is of nature like to gumme Arabique that is to say of a drie and clammie complexion †The Vertues Gumme Dragagant is good against the cough the roughnesse of the throte the hoarsenesse and roughnesse of the voyce being licked in with honie For the same purpose that is to say for the roughnesse of the throte and sharpe Arterie or wind pipe They make a certaine electuarie in shops called Diatragaganthū They drinke it stieped in wine the quantitie of a dramme against the paine of the kidneyes and excoriation or knawing of the bladder in putting thereto Hartes horne burnt and washed The sayd gumme is put into Collyres and medicines that are made for the eyes to take away the acrimonie and sharpnesse of the same it doth also stoppe the pores and conduites of the skinne †The Choise You must chuse that whiche is cleare and shining smal firme and close well purified and cleene from al manner filth and sweat Of Ficus Indica Chap. lxxxi THis strange kind of plante commeth foorth of one leafe set in the grounde and sometimes it groweth high and is named of Plinie Opuntia nowe in these dayes Ficus Indica That Euphorbium commeth foorth lykewise of one leafe but yet it is separated from this kind for the leaues of Euphorbium be long rounde and thick fasshioned like vnto Cucumbers set on the sides with thornes Of that Euphorbiū writeth Ioannes Leo in his historie of Aphrica and is spoken of before in the second part of this booke in the cxvj Chap. Ficus Indica Of Buprestis Chap. lxxxij THis Worme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Buprestis in some places of the lowe Countrie he is called Veemol And is called Buprestis bycause it is hurtfull to cattel as namely vnto Oxen and kyen And is founde in certayne places of Holland and lykewise somtimes in Brabant and Flaunders where the kyen sometimes are bitten of them This worme is of the kinde of Scarabeen or Horswormes the whiche are named Cantharides or Spanishe Flyes and hath winges lyke vnto these and is of forme and bignesse suche as the figure doth shewe And this figure haue we set here bycause that some haue set foorth another worme not lyke vnto the true Buprestis Buprestis The end of the fourth Booke ¶ The fyfth part of the Historie of Plantes / treating of the differences / fashions / names / vertues and operations of herbes rootes and fruites whiche are dayly vsed in meates Set foorth by Rembertus Dodonaeus Of Orache Chap. i. †The Kindes ORache as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes the garden Orache and the wilde Orache Atriplex satiua Garden Orache Atriplex syluestris Wylde Orache †The Description GArden Orache hath long straight stalkes rounde next the roote and square aboue with many branches The leaues be almost triangled long and broade of a feynt yellow or white colour as if they were ouerstrowen with meale or flower especially those leaues that are yet yong and new sprong vp The flowers growe at the top of the branches a number clustering togither small and yellow and afterwarde commeth the seede which is broade and couered with a litle skinne or rime The roote is full of hearie stringes There is also another kinde of Garden Orache whose leaues stalkes and flowers be of a browne red colour but in all thinges els lyke to the leaues stalkes and flowers of the white Orache both in bignesse and proportion The wilde Orache hath also a long stalke moulded or crested with leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of the garden Orache but somewhat lesser and creuised or a little snipt rounde about The flowers be yellowishe The seede is harde and groweth thicke clustering togither lyke as the seede of the garden Orache The roote is full of heares Of this wilde kinde there is also founde another sort the whiche groweth not very high but remayneth lowe and spreade abroade into many branches It hath little long narrowe leaues nothing snipt or creuished about The flowers seede and rootes are very muche lyke vnto the wilde kinde before described †The Place The garden Orache groweth amongst other pot herbes in gardens The wilde Orache is founde alongst the feeldes and wayes †The Tyme Orache flowreth in Iune and Iuly and almost all the sommer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atriplex of some Chrysolachanon ▪ that is to say in Latine Aureum olus in Frenche Arroches or Bonnes Dames in high Douche Molten and Milten in base Almaigne Melde in English Orache The garden Orache is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atriplex satiua and Hortensis in high Douche Heymisch Molten Zam Molten and Garden Molten in base Almaigne Tam Melde The wilde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Atriplex syluestris in high Douche Wilde Molten Ackermolten in base Almaigne Wilde Melde The lesser wilde kinde is called in high Douche Kleyn Scheiszmilten in base Almaigne Cleyne Melde †The Nature Orache is colde in the first degree and moyst in the seconde especially garden Orache the whiche is more colder and moyster than the wilde Orache †The
other kindes are soner ripe wherefore they be called Abrecox or Aprecox Malus Persica The Peache tree Malus Armeniaca The Aprecok tree †The Description THE Peache tree is more tender then other trees and of long contitinuance but doth perishe and die much sooner then any other fruiteful trees The leaues of Peache tree be long and lightly iagged about the edges nothing differing from willowe leaues sauing that they be somewhat shorter and bitterer The flowers are of a reddishe skye colour after whiche commeth the fruite whiche is rounde lyke an Apple with a deepe and straight clift or forrow vpon one side and couered ouer with a soft downe or hoare cotton of colour sometimes white sometimes greene sometimes reddishe and sometimes yellowe and of a winishe taste soft in feeling and of a fleshy pulpe or substance in the middest whereof is a rough harde stone full of creastes and gutters within whiche is a kernell lyke an Almonde The Abrecok in timber flowers and maner of growing is not much vnlyke the other Peache tree sauing that his leaues be shorter broder and nothing like to the Peache leaues The fruite is like to a Peache but smaller sooner ripe †The Place They plante the Peache tree in gardens and vineyardes and they loue a soft and gentle grounde standing wel in the Sonne †The Time The Peaches flower in Aprill and the Abrecox are ripe in Iune but the Peaches in September †The Names The Peache tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus Persica in high Douche Pfersich baum in base Almaigne Perseboom in French Vng Pescher in English a Peache tree The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malum Persicum in shops Persicum in French Pesches in high Douch Pfersing in base Almaigne Persen in Englishe Peaches That kinde whiche will not easily be separated from the stone are called Duracina in Frenche Des Presses The Abrecok tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus Armeniaca in Douche Vroeghe Perseboom The fruite is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mala Armeniaca Praecoqua and Praecocia in English Abrecok Aprecok and Aprecox in Frenche Abricoz in high Douch Mollelin and Molleten in base Almaigne Vroege Persekens Auant Perses also of the high Douch men S. Iohans Pfersich which may be Englished S. Iohns Peaches Hastie Peaches and Midsomer Peaches The tree Persea with his fruite is not to be reckoned amongst these kindes as some thinke for Persea is a great tree like a Peare tree alwayes greene and lodē with fruit as Theophrastus in his fourth booke the second Chapter writeth †The Nature The Peache is colde and moyste in the seconde degree The leaues of the tree and the kernels of the fruite are hoate and drie almost in the third degree and of a scowring power by meanes of their bitternesse †The Vertues Peaches before they be ripe do stoppe the laske as Dioscorides saith But being ripe they loose the belly engender noughtie humours for they are soone corrupted in the stomacke wherefore they ought not to be eaten after meates but before as Galen saith The leaues of the Peache tree do open the stoppinges of the liuer and doo gently loose the belly and are good with other conuenient herbes agaynst tertian feuers The same layde vpon the nauell do kyl and driue out wormes especially in young children The same dried and strawed vpon newe woundes do cure and heale them The Peache kernel openeth all stoppinges of the liuer and lunges and in vertue is much lyke to bitter Almondes It is good to recouer againe the speache of such as be taken with the Apoplexie if it be stieped in the water of Penny Ryall Peache kernelles pownde or beaten very smal and boyled in vineger vntil they dissolue or melte and become lyke pappe is good to be vsed against the Alopetiam for it doth woonderfully restore the heare if the place be annoynted therewithall as Matthiolus saith There be other vertues attributed to the same kernelles as ye may reade in Matthiolus and Myzalde Of the Almonde tree Chap. xli ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Almondes that is to say the sweete and bitter Almondes †The Description THE Almonde tree in groth and leaues is lyke to the Peache tree but it waxeth bigger and stronger is of a longer continuance or lasting The fruite is a harde nut like the Peache stone but smooth without and couered with an vtter huske or shale lyke the Walnut within the inner shale is the Almonde in taste bitter or sweete as is abouesayde †The Tyme The Almonde tree flowreth bytimes with the Peache tree The fruite is ripe in Iune Iuly †The Names The Almonde tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Amygdalus in high Douche Mandelbaum in base Almaigne Amandelboom in Frenche Amandier The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Amygdala and Amygdalum in English Almondes or Almonde in French Amand in high Douch Mandel in base Almaigne Amandele Amygdalus Almondes †The Nature Almondes are somewhat hoate especially the bitter Almondes the whiche be not onely hoate but also drie and of clensing and cutting power †The Vertues Almondes taken before meate do stop the belly and nourishe but litle especially being blanched or made cleane from their skinnes or huddes Bitter Almondes doo open the stopping of the lunges or lightes the liuer the melt or splene the kidneyes of al other inwarde partes therefore they be good against the cough the shortnes of wind the inflammation exulceration of lunges to be mingled with Turpentine licked in as Dioscorides writeth Almondes are good for them that spet blood to be taken in with the fine flower called Amylum The bitter Almondes taken with a litle sweete wine as Muscadel or Bastarde prouoke vrine and do cure the hardnesse of the same and painefulnes in making water are good for thē that are troubled with the grauel stone They vse to take fiue or sixe bitter Almondes fasting to be preserued from dronkennesse al the same day They take away headache to be applied to the forehead with oyle of Roses and vineger They are with great profite layde to with hony vpon corrupt and noughty spreading sores and the bitinges of mad Dogges They clense the skinne and face from al spottes pimples and lentiles Of the Peare tree Chap. xlij †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Peares aswell as there be kindes of Apples whereof some be rathe ripe some haue a later riping and some be winter Peares some perish quickly some last a longer time and may be wel kept some be sweete and full of sap or iuyce some fat and grosse and some harde and drie c. so that it is not possible to recite all the kindes of Peares wherefore we do aduise the Readers to consyder the taste more then the proportion or
base Almaigne Slanghencruye it is called in English wilde Buglosse the lesser it may be also called Vipers herbe or Vipers Buglosse ⧠Theoccasion of the name Alcibiacum This herbe was called Alcibiacum Alcibiadion of one Alcibiades the first finder out of the vertues of this herbe apresent remedie against the bitings of Serpēts Foras the aūcient Nicander writeth Alcibiades being asleepe was hurtwith a Serpent wherefore whan he awoke and saw this hearbe he tooke of it unto his mouth and chewed it swalowing downe the iuyce thereof after that he layed the herbe being so chewed vpon the sore and was healed Others name it Echion Echidnion Viperina c. Whiche is asmuch to say as Vipers herbe which names haue bene giuen to this plante bycause it is very good against the bitings of Serpents and Vipers and bycause also his seede is like the head of an Adder or Viper Echion siue Alcibiacum †The Nature It is of the same nature that Buglosse is of but that it is somwhat hoater and more subtile †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and dronke doth not onely helpe such as are hurt by Serpents but also after that a man hath taken it in manner aforesaide it will preserue him from being so hurte The like vertue hath the leaues seede It swageth the payne of the raynes or loynes Also being dronken with wine or otherwise it causeth plenty of milke in womens breastes Of Dogges tunge Chap. v. †The Description THe common Houndes tongue hath a harde rough browne stalke of two or three foote high the leaues be long much like the leaues of the great garden Buglosse but narower smaller and not rough but hauing a certaine fine horenesse vpon thē like veluet At the toppe of the braunches it beareth many floures of a darke purple colour The seede is flat and rough three or foure together like to a trueloue or foure leaued grasse the whiche do cleaue faste vnto garments whan they are ripe like vnto Aegrimonie and other rough seedes The roote is long thicke blacke withoutside †The Place It groweth almoste euery where in waste and vntilled places but specially in sandie coūtreys about pathes and high wayes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cynoglossum Cynoglossa and Lingua canis whereof also the Italians call it Lingua de Cane the Spaniardes call it Lengua de perro in English Dogs tunge or Houndes tongue in Freuch Langue de chien in high Douch Hundszung in base Almaigne Houdtstonghe This is that second kinde of Cynoglossa whereof Plinie wrote in the eight chapter of the .xxv. Booke it should seeme also to be a kinde of Isatis syluestris whiche a man shall finde described in some examples of Dioscorides in the Chapter Isatis And of Aëtius in his .x. booke and .viij. Chapter Limonium Cynogloss os altera Plinij †The Nature Houndes tougue but specially his roote is colde and dry yea colder than the great garding Buglosse †The Vertues The roote of Houndes tongue is very good to heale woundes and it is with good successe layde to the disease called the wilde fyre whan it is pounde with Barley meale The water or wine wherein it hath bene boyled cureth old sores woundes and hoate inflammations and it is excellent against the Vlcers grieuances of the mouth For the same purpose they make an oyntment as followeth Firste they boyle the iuyce thereof with hony of Roses than whan it is well boyled they mingle Turpentine with it sturring it harde vntill all be well incorporate togither than they applie it to woundes The roote rosted in hoate imbers and layde to the fundament healeth the inwarde Hemerrhoydes Of Gorage Chap. vi †The Description BOrage hath rough prickely leaues broade large of a swart greene colour at the first comming vp bending or rather spreading themselues abroade flatte vpon the ground in proportion like to an Oxe tongue The sralke is rough and rude of the heigth of a foote half parting it selfe at the toppe into diuers small braunches bearing fayre pleasant floures in fashion like Starres of colour blew or Azure and sometimes white The seede is blacke and there is founde twoo or three togither in euery huske like as in the common Buglosse but it is smaller and blacker then Buglosse seede There is also an other kinde of Borage which indureth the winter like to the cōmon Buglosse and is like to the aforesaide Borage in proportion sent sauour and vertues but his floures be very small and like to the common Buglosse floures but smaller †The Place It groweth in all gardens and in sandie champion countreys †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and continueth flouring all the Somer †The Names The auncient Fathers called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua bubula Libanium or Lingua bouis that is to say Langue de beuf ou vache in English Oxe tongue Plinie calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bycause it maketh men gladde and merie the Apothecaries name it Borago and accordingly it is called in Italion Borragine in Spanish Borraia Borraienes in English Borage in Frēch Bourroche or Bourrache in Highdouche Burretsch in base Almaigne Bernagie or Bornagie Buglossum verum †The Nature It is hoate and moyste †The Vertues Ye may finde this written of Borage that if the leaues or floures of Borage be put in wine and that wine dronken it wil cause men to be gladde and mery and driueth away all heauy sadnesse and dull Melancholie Borage boyled with honied water is very good against the roughnesse or hoarsenesse of the throte Dioscorides writeth that he hath heard say that if one pound Borage that hath but onely three braunches togither with his roote and seede and afterward a man giue the same to drinke to him that hath a Tertian ague cureth the same Also that of foure branches prepared after the same manner is good to be giuen to drinke against the feuer Quartayne Of Anthyllis Chap. vij †The Kindes ANthyllis as saith Dioscorides is of two sortes Whereof one may be called great Anthyllis and the other small Anthyllis Anthyllis prior Great Anthyllis Anthyllis altera Kali species Small Anthyllis †The Description 1 THe first Anthyllis in his stalke leaues is not much vnlike vnto Lentill sauing that it is whiter softer and sinaller The stalke is of a foote high white and softe with leaues spred broade white and softe also but smaller thicker then Lentill leaues the floures clustering togither at the toppe of the stalke of a yellow or pale colour The seede is in small huskes The roote is small and of wooddy substance The second is not much vnlike Chamaepythis It hath fiue or six small braūches or more creping or trayling alongst the ground thicke set with little small narrow
decoctiō of the leaues is very good against all sores inflāmatiō of the mouth throote it fasteneth loose teeth if it be oftē vsed or holdē in the mouth Of Fumeterre Chap. xv †The Kindes There is two kindes of Fumeterre as Plinie writeth in the .xiij. chap. of the .xxv. booke of his naturall History Wherof the first is the common Fumetory the which was knowen vsed in Medicine of Galen Paule other the Greeke Physitions The second is an other herbe onely knowen of Plinie the whiche both are knowen in this countrey Capnos fumaria Fumeterre Capnos Plinij Phragmites Nedge Fumeterre †The Description THe common Fumeterre hath a square stalke beset with small leaues very tender weake and finely iagged somewhat gray like asshie colour like to the leaues of Coriander but much smaller the floure is small and purple growing togither like a littell cluster and changeth into littell small knops or beries wherein is very small seede The roote is but simple with a very few small heares or strings about the same Small Fumeterre hath also many slender branches vpon whiche groweth small iagged leaues in colour taste and in fashion also somewhat like the Fumeterre aforesayde It hath also certaine small threedes or clasping tendrels by the whiche it taketh holdfast in all places by Hedges and other herbes The floures are small and clustering togither of a white colour mixed with a littell blew after the floures there commeth forth small huskes or coddes in which is conteyned the seede The roote is single and of the length of a fingar †The Place Fumeterre groweth best amongst wheate Barley also it groweth in gardens amongst potherbes in Vineyardes and such other open places Small Fumeterre groweth vnder hedges in the borders of fieldes and about olde walles †The Tyme They do bothe floure in May and Iune †The Names The first of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fumaria and Capnium in Shoppes Fumus terrae in Spanish Palomilla y palomina y yerua malarin̄a in English Fumeterre in French Fumeterre in high Douch Erdtrauch Taubencropff Katzenkorbel in base Almaigne Grysecom Duyuekeruel and Eerdtroock The second is called of Plinie Capnos Pes Gallinaceus Therfore Capnos Plinij and this is that whiche is called Hermolaus of Aëtius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Capnum Chelidoniū not knowen in shoppes some following Plinie do call it in Latine Pes gallinaceus in French Pied de geline in base Almaigne cleyn Eerdtroock in English Hedge Fumeterre and Hennes foote †The Nature Fumeterre is hoate and dry almost in the second degree and so is Hennes foote as one may know by the sharpnes and bitter taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Fumeterre dropped into the eyes doth sharpen and quicken the sight the same mengled with gumme and layd to the eye liddes will cause that the heare that hath bene ones pulled of shall not grow againe The decoction of Fumeterre dronken driueth forth by vrine siege all hoate Cholerique burnte pernicious humors Bysides this it is very good against the foule scurffe and rebellious olde sores and the great Pockes The iuyce of Fumeterre dronken worketh the like effect for this purpose is of greater power than the Decoction of Fumeterre Henfoote or hedge Fumeterre as Plinie sayth is of the same nature vertue as the other Fumeterre and is a singular medicine against the weakenesse of the sight especially for such as seeme to see small strawes if the iuyce thereof be dropped into the eyes Of Germander Chap. xvi †The Description GErmander is a shorte herbe of a spanne or foote long bringing foorth from his roote many tender stemmes or branches The leaues are smal tender indēted cut about much like the leaues of certayne Okes but farre smaller The floures are small of a broune blew colour compassing round the toppe of the stalke The seede is small blacke and rounde The roote is small and slender creping vnder the earth here and there †The Place Germander groweth luckely in stony hilles mountaynes such like places also it groweth in wooddes it is to be found growing in certayne wooddes of Brabant and it is planted in gardens †The Tyme Germander floureth in Iune Iuly †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaedrys Trixago of som Quercula minor Serratula in Shoppes Chamędryos of the Italians Querinola Chamedrio Chamandrina in Spanish Chamedreos yerua in French Germandreé or Chesnette in English Germander English Treacle in high Almaigne Gamanderlein and Kleyn Bathengel in base Almaigne Gamanderlijn Chamaedrys Germander †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degrée †The Vertues Germander with his floures boyled in water and dronken deliuereth the body from all obstructions stoppings and cutteth of tough and clammy humors therfore being receiued as is before sayde it is specially good for them that haue the cough shortnesse of breath the Strangury or stopping of vrine and for such as begin to haue the Dropsie It bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse If it be dronken with vineger it is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Milte or Splene The iuyce of the leaues mengled with oyle and straked vpon the eyes driueth away the white Cloude called the Hawe or Pearle in the eye and all maner dimnes of the same Of Paules Getony Chap. xvij †The Kindes THere is two kindes of Veronicae or Betonicę Pauli The one is the right Veronica the which is called Veronica mas The other is a small herbe very like the right Veronica and is called Veronica foemina †The Description THe male Veronica is a smal herbe crepeth by the ground with smal reddish hearie braunches or stalkes The leafe is something long and somwhat greene a little hearie dented or snipte roūd about the edges like a sawe The floures are aboue about the top of the branches smal of a light blew mengled with purple the seede is in smal flat pouches The roote is smal hearie Betonica Pauli Veronica mas Paules Betony Herbe Fluellyn or Speedewell Groundhele Laudata Nobilium Veronica foemina The female Veronica doth also creepe and spread vpon the grounde it hath slender stemmes and somwhat large leaues a littell hearie and pleasantly soft The floures be yellow with small croked tayles like the floures of Larkes claw or Larkes spurre The seede is in small rounde huskes like the seede of Pympernell †The Place The male Veronica groweth in rough sandy places aboute the borders of fieldes and wooddes The female groweth in low moyst places †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first Veronica is called of Paulus Aegineta Lib. vij in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Betonica and therefore Doctor William Turner and I do call it Betonica Pauli
Sterrewurte in French Aspergoutte menue or Estoille in high Douch Megerkraut Scartenkraut and Sternkraut in base Almaigne Sterrecruyt †The Nature It doth refresh and coole and is almost of temperature like the Rose †The Vertues It is very good against the ouer much heate and burning of the stomake being layde to outwardly vpon the same And being greene stamped and layd to the botches or impostumes about the share or priuie members preuayleth much against the same It helpeth and swageth the rednesse and inflammation of the eyes and fundament or siege and the falling downe of the Arse gutte The blew of the floure dronken in water is good to be giuen to yong children against the Squinancie and the falling sicknesse Some men say that this herbe putteth away all tumors swellings of the siege share and fundament yea whan it is but onely carried about a man Of Pennywurte Chap. xxv †The Kyndes WE shall describe in this Chapter three sortes of Penniewurte or Cotyledon wherof two kindes were well knowen of the Auncients as they be also in many countries at this day The thirde bycause of a certayne similitude or likenesse that it hath with Pennywurte of the wall we do call water Pennywurte Cotyledon vera Wall Pennywurte Cotyledon altera Matthioli Thicke Pennywurte †The Description THe leafe of the first kind of Pennywurte is rounde and thicke much lyke to Iuie leaues but rounder somewhat bluntly indēted about with some hollownes or concauitie aboue a shorte stem vnderneath in the middell of the leafe The stalke is small and hollow aboute a spanne long with diuers littell long floures of a whitishe or incarnate colour The roote is white and rounde like an Olyue Cotyledon aquatica Water Pennywurte The second kinde hath brode thicke and somewhat rounde leaues spread abroade round about the stalke like to Syngreene or Houslike from the middell whereof springeth vp the tender stalke bearing small floures Water Pennywurte hath littell smothe leaues rounde and hollow aboue but not very much euen as it were a small shollow plate the stem is vnderneth in the middest of the leafe somewhat drawing to wardes the proportion of Wall Pennywurte but it is smaller smother and of a swarter colour and and somewhat deeper natched or dented but yet bluntly also The floures be very small and white and grow beneth or also vnder the leaues The rootes be smal and hearie creeping and putting forth vpon euery side many smal yong leaues †The Place Pennywurte as Plinie saith groweth in stonie places neare the Sea but it groweth not in many coūtreys except it be planted or set in gardens It groweth plētifully in some parts of England in Sommerset shyre about Welles Mountayne or Syngreene Pennywurte is a rare plante it groweth in some places of the Alpes and other mountaynes beyond the Sea Pennywurte of the water groweth plentifully in this countrey in low medowes and moyst valeys whereas water standeth in the winter †The Tyme Wall Pennywurte floureth in May Iune but Pennywurte of the water floureth in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Cotyledon and Vmbilicus veneris and Acetabulum And of Plinie Herba Coxendicum Iacobus de Manlijs in Luminari maiori calleth it Scatum Coeli Scatum cellus in Italian Ombilico di venere Cupertioule in Spanish Scudetes Coucillos Capadella Ombligo de venus in English great Pennywurte and wall Pennywurte in French Nombril de venus in base Almaigne Nauelcruyt The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cymbalium Acetabulum alterum Vmbilieus veneris alter in base Almaigne Dat ander or dat tweede Nauelcruyt in English the second Pennywurte and Mountayne Pennywurte Pennywurte of the water is called in the shops of this countrey Vmbilicus Veneris Scatū coeli although it is not the right kinde as is beforesayd that base Almaignes do call it Penninckcruyt in English Sheepe killing Pennygrasse †The Nature The wall Pennywurte which is the right kinde is cold moyst the Pennywurte of the water is not without heate as may be perceiued by the taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Pennywurte of the wall is a singular remedy against all inflāmation and hoate tumors S. Anthonies fire kybed heeles to be annoynted therewithall and being applied to the stomacke it refressheth the same The leaues and roote eaten do breake the stone prouoke vrine are good against the Dropsie The second kinde is of vertue like to the great Syngreene or Houselike The vertue of the water Pennywurte or Pēny grasse is not yet knowen albeit the ignorant Apothecaries do dayly vse it in steed of that right Cotyledon wherein they do naught and commit manifest errour for the right Cotyledon is the great Pennywurte called of some Pennywurte of the wall bycause it groweth euer in old walles stonie places But this groweth in low groūds and Marisshes and is a hurtefull herbe vnto Sheepe Of Orpyne Chap. xxvi †The Description ORpyne hath a roūd grosse brittell stem set full of thicke leaues grosse full of sappe somwhat dented about the edges At the top of that stalke groweth many fayre purple floures of fasihion like the floures of S. Iohns wurte called in Greeke Hypericum The roote is white and very knobby or knottie There is a kinde of this herbe whose floures are white and also a thirde kinde whose floures are yellow the residue is agreable to the first †The Place Orpyne proueth wel in moyst shadowy places The people of the countrey delight much to set it in pots shelles on Midsomer Euē or vpō timber slattes or trēchers dawbed with Clay so to set or hang it vp in their houses where as it remayneth greene a long season and groweth if it be somtimes ouer sprinckled with water †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August Crassula maior †The Names They do now call this herbe Crassula maior some call it Fabaria Faba crassa in English Orpyne Liblong or Liue lōg in French Orpin Chicotrin in high Douch Mundkraut Knabenkraut Fotzlwang and Fortzwein in base Almaigne Mondencruyt and Smeerwortele Eufrasia †The Degree or Nature Orpyne cooleth in the thirde degree †The Vertues Orpyne in operation vertue is like to Houselike or Syngreene Of Eyebright Chap. xxvij †The Description EYebright is a proper small low herbe not aboue a span long ful of branches couered with little blackish leaues dēted or snipt roūd about like a saw the floures be small and white sprincled poudered within with yellow and purple speckes The roote is littell small and hearie There is yet an other herbe whiche some do call Eyebright although it be not the right Eyebright it groweth to the heygth of a foote or more The stalkes be round parted into many collaterall or side braunches vpon whiche are littell small leaues long and narrow most commonly
Agrimonia of some Ferraria minor Concordia and Marmorella in Spanish Agramonia in English Agrimonie in French Eupatoire or Aigremoine in high Douch Odermenich Bruchwurtz in base Almaigne Agrimonie of some Leuercruyt that is to say Liuerwurte Eupatorium †The Nature Agrimonie is of fine and subtill partes without any manifest heate it hath power to cut in sunder with some astriction †The Vertues The Decoction or brothe of Agrimonie dronken doth clense and open the stoppings of the liuer and doth strengthen the same is specially good against the weakenesse of the same Agrimonie boyled in wine and dronken helpeth against the bytings of venemous beasts the same boyled in water stoppeth the pissing of bloud The seede therof dronken in wine is singuler against the blouddy flixe and daungerouse laske The leaues of Agrimonie pounde with Swines grease and layde too hoate doth cure and heale olde woundes that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre Of Bastarde Agrimonie Chap. xl †The Kyndes THere be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Iecoraria that is to say Lyuerwurtes whiche are commended and founde good agaynst the diseases of the Lyuer whereof wee shall describe three kindes in this Chapter vnknowen to the old wryters The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie The third is Three leaued Agrimonie or Noble Lyuerwurte Pseudohepatorium mas Bastard Agrimonie the male Pseudohepatorium foemina Bastard Agrimonie female †The Description THe male Bastarde Agrimonie hath a long round stalke full of white pith within at the whiche groweth long blakish leaues somewhat rough and hearie snipte and cut round about almost like the leaues of Hempe and bitter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth many small floures of incarnate colour clustering or growing thicke togither in tuftes the whiche being withered and chaunged into seede it fleeth away with the winde The roote is full of threddy strings The female Bastard Agrimonie hath also a roūd purple stalke about three foote long and full of braunches The leaues be long and dented or snipt round about like the leaues of Hempe or of the other Agrimonie sauing that they be a littell larger At the toppe of the branches and round about the stalke groweth three or foure small leaues growing harde one by an other after the fashion of a starre amongst whiche is a knap or button that bringeth forth a yellow floure intermengled with blacke within whiche being withered is conteyned the seede whiche is long flatte and rough and hangeth vpon garments whan it is rype The leaues of Hepatica are broade and diuided into three partes not much vnlike the leaues of Cockow bread sower Tryfoly or Alleluya but larger Amongst the leaues groweth fayre azured or blew floures euery one growing vpon a single stemme the whiche do change into small bullets or bolyns wherin the feede is conteyned The roote is blacke and full of small hearie strings †The Place The Bastard Agrimonies do grow in moyst places by diches and standing pooles Hepatica groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens †The Tyme The Bastard Agrimonies do floure in Iuly and August but the Noble or great Lyuerwurt floureth in Marche †The Names The male Bastarde Agrimonie is called in Shoppes Eupatorium and is wrongfully taken of them for the right Agrimonie the which is described in the former chapter The learned mē in these dayes do call it Pseudohepatorium and Eupatorium aquaticum or Adulterinum Of Baptistus Sardo Terzola in highe Douch Kunigundkraut Wasserdost Hirssenclee in base Almaigne Coninghinne cruyt Hertsclaueren and Boelkens cruyt manneken We haue named the second Pseudohepatorium foemina in base Almaigne Boelkens cruyt wijfken it is thought to be that Agrimonie whereof Auicen writeth Chap. ccxliiij and therfore some haue called it Eupatorium Auicennae Hepatica siue Hepaticum Trifolium Noble Lyuerwurt or threeleaued Lyuerwurte The third which is called at this day in Latine Hepatica and of some Herba Trinitatis may be called in English Hepatica Noble Agrimonie or Three leafe Lyuerwurte in French Hepatique in high Douch Leberkraut Edel leuer cruyt We know of none other name except it be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Balaris whereof Hesychius writeth †The Nature The two Bastard Agrimonies are hoate and dry as their bitternesse doth manifestly declare Hepatica doth coole dry and strengthen ⧠The Vertues The male Bastarde Agrimonie boyled in wine or water is singuler good against the old stoppings of the Lyuer and Melte or Splene Also it cureth old feuer tertians being dronken The Decoction thereof dronken healeth all hurtes woundes for whiche purpose it is very excellent and to heale all manner woundes both outwarde and inwarde The female Bastard Agrimonie is of the same operation and is vsed more than the other in wounde drenches The Hepatica or Noble Lyuerwurte is a soueraigne medicine against the heate and inflammation of the Lyuer and all hoate Feuers or agues Of Tornesole Chap. xli †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Heliotropium or Tornesol The one called the great Tornesol and the other the small Tornesol Heliotropium magnum Great Tornesol Heliotropium paruum Small Tornesol †The Description THe great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes couered with a white hearie cotton especially about the toppe The leaues are whitish softe and hearie like veluet and fashioned like Basill leaues The floures be white at the toppe of the stalke growing thicke togither in rewes by one side of the stem the which at the vpper end do bend turne againe like a Scorpiōs tayle or the tayle of a Lobster or riuer Creuis The roote is small and harde The small Tornesol carrieth only but one stem of the length of a foote or somewhat more the which diuideth it self into many branches The leaues be whitishe almost like to the first but somewhat drawing towardes the leaues of the small Clote Burre The floures be yellow and small growing thicke togither and perish or vanish away without the bringing foorth of any fruyte like the floure of Palma Christi The seede is grayishe inclosed in triangled huskes or Coddes like the huskes of Tithymall or Spurge hanging downe vnderneth the leaues by a single stem they come forth without floure for the floure is vnprofitable as is before sayde †The Place The great Tornesol as Ruellius saith groweth in France in frutefull tylled groundes but in this countrey it is onely found in gardens The small Tornesol groweth in lowe sandie and waterie places and is found very plenteously in diuers places of Languedock †The Tyme The Tornesolles do floure about Mydsomer and in Iuly †The Names The great Tornesol is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Heliotropium magnum of the new or late wryters Verrucaria maior and Herba cancri Solaris herba Scorpionis herba and therefore the base Almaignes do call it Creeftcruyt and great Creeftcruyt The small Tornesoll is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
It is in vertue like Telephium wherfore if it be layde with vineger vpō the body it taketh away the white and blacke spottes and Lentils or freckles Also the herbe alone pounde and onely layde vpon such spottes and markes by the space of sixe houres taketh them cleane away but yet those spottes must be playstered afterwardes with Barly meale Of Mulleyne / or Hygtaper Chap. lxxxi †The Kyndes THere be foure sortes of Mulleyne as Dioscorides writeth whereof the two first are white Mulleyne and of them one is Male and the other female The third is blacke Mulleyne The fourth is wilde Mulleyne †The Description THe white male Mulleyn or rather Wolleyn hath great broade long white softe wolly leaues from the lowest parte vpward euen to the middell of the stem or somewhat higher but the higher the smaller are the leaues From the leaues vpwarde euen to the top of the stalke it is thicke set round about with pleasant yellow floures each floure parted into fiue smal leaues the whole top with his pleasant yellow floures sheweth like to a waxe Candell or taper cunningly wrought The roote is long and single of a woddy substance and as thicke as ones thombe The other white Mulleyne called the female Mulleyn hath white leaues frysed with a soft wooll or Cotton the stalkes and roote are like to the aforesayde sauing that the floures be white and parted into sixe littell leaues The third Mulleyn which is also of the female kind is like to the abouesayd in stalkes leaues floures sauing that his leaues be larger his floures are of a pale yellow colour with small redde threedes in the middell fasshioned almost like to a littell Rose The roote is long and thicke like the others Verbascum album mas White male Mulleyne Verbascum album foemina albo flore White female Mulleyne with the white floure The Blacke Mulleyn hath great blacke rough leaues of a strong sauour and not softe or gentill in handeling The floures be yellow in fasshion like the others but a great deale smaller the stalke and roote is like to the others The wilde Mulleyn is very much like Sage aswel in stalkes as in leaues It hath many square twigges and branches of wooddy substance alwayes two growing togither out of a ioynt standing directly one against an other The leaues be soft and whitishe like to the leaues of Sage but much greater and softer The floures grow at the toppe of the branches and are of yellow colour †The Place The Mulleynes grow about the borders of fieldes by the high way sides and vpon bankes The wilde Mulleyn is not common in this countrey but we haue seene it in the pleasant garden of Iames Champaigne the deere friende and louer of Plantes †The Tyme The Mulleyns do floure most commonly in Iuly August and September and the wilde kinde floureth againe more later †The Names Mulleyn is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbascum of Apuleius Lychnitis and Pycnitis and of some Candela regis Candelaria and Lunaria in Shoppes Tapsus barbatus in Italian Tassobarbasso in English also Tapsus barbatus Verbascū albū foemina luteo flore White female Mulleyne with yellow floures Verbascum nigrū Wilde Mulleyne Verbascum syluestre Wild Mulleyne Mulleyne or rather Wulleyn Higtaper Torches and Longworte in high Douch Wuulkraut Kertzenkraut Brēkraut Himelkraut Vnholdenkertz and Kunningskertz in base Almaigne Vollecruyt Wollebladeren and Tortsecruyt †The Nature The Mulleyns be dry without any manifest heate †The Vertues The roote of white Mulleyne boyled in redde wine and dronken stoppeth and healeth the dangerous laske and bloudy flixe The same boyled in water dronken is good for them that are broken hurte inwardely and against an old Cough of long continuance The decoction of the roote swageth tooth ache is good against the inflammations and vlcers of the Aulmondes or kernels of the throte to be kept warme in the mouth and the mouth to be wasshed and clensed by often gargeling of the same He do read that if dryed figges be wrapt in the leaues of the white female Mulleyn it shall preserue them a long time from corruption The leaues of Mulleyne are also good against the Hemorrhoides whan they be wiped and clensed therewith and it is good to wasshe the mouth with the decoction of the same The blacke Mulleyn with his pleasant yellow floures boyled in water or wine and drōken is good against the diseases of the brest and the lunges and against all spitting of corrupt and rotten matter The leaues of the same boyled with Rue do appease the payne of the side The leaues of blacke Mulleyn boyled in water are good to be layde vpon colde swellings called Oedema and vpon the vlcers and inflaminations of the eyes The same leaues pounde with hony and wine do cure naughtie and mortified vlcers and with vineger it cureth the inflammation of woundes The golden floures of Mulleyn stiped in lye causeth the heare to waxe yellow being wasshed therewithall The seede of Mulleyne is good to drinke as saith Plinie against the bursting and falling out of ioynte of members for it taketh away the swelling and swageth the payne The wilde Mulleyne stamped is good to be layde vpon burnings and scaldings made with fire or water and otherwise Apuleius saith that Mercury gaue Mulleyn to Vlysses whā he came neare to the inchanteresse Circe to the ende that by the vertue of Mulleyn he might be preserued against all the enchantments or witchings of Circe Of Blattaria / or Mothe Mulleyn Chap. lxxxij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are greene smooth long iagged or snipt round about and spread abroade vpon the ground somewhat like to the leaues of Veruayne from the middest of those leaues doo spring vp two or three stems bearing fayre yellow floures and sometimes also it beareth purple floures so lyke to the floures of Mulleyn in smel fasshion and quantitie that oftentimes as witnesseth Plinie this herbe hath bene gathered for wilde Mulleyne After the floures there arise small knoppes or bullets in whiche the seede is conteyned smaller than the seede of Mulleyn The roote is shorte and of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth by way sides in Vineyardes and certayne fieldes also about Riuers and is seldome founde in this countrey Blattaria ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names Plinie calleth it in Latine Blattaria some call it Verbascum Leptophyllon it maybe called in English Purple or Mothe Mulleyn it is called in French Herbe aux mites Herbe vermineuse and Blattaire in high Douch Schabenkraut Goldtknopflin and of some in base Almaigne Mottencruyt †The Nature As it may be well perceyued by the bitter sauour the herbe is hoate dry almost in the third degree †The Vertues As concerning the vertues of this herbe we finde none other thing wryten of it sauing that the Mothes and Battes do incontinently
dayes without remouing The same mengled with oyle or grease bringeth the heare agayne vpon places that haue bene either burned or scalded The same roote rosted in the embers or well pounde with oyle of Roses is good against the foule breaking out called the wild fire It cureth all burnings and closeth vp vlcers The same vertue haue the leaues Moreouer they are good to be layde vpon the bytings of Serpents The iuyce of the leaues boyled with vineger and hony in a brasen pipken or skillet is very good to heale mundifie both olde vlcers and greene woundes With the floures of Lillies there is made a good Oyle to supple mollifie digest excellent to soften the synewes and to cure the hardnesse of the Matrix or Mother The seede of Lillies is good to be dronken against the biting of Serpents Of the Orenge colour / and redde purple Lillies Chap. xliij †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of redde or purple Lillies wherof the first is the small and common redde Lillie the second is great and the thirde is of a meane sise or quantitie †The Description THe small purple Lillie his stalkes be almost of the length of halfe a foote set full of narrow darke greene leaues the floures in fasshion are like the floures of the white Lillie sauing they are without sauour and of a fyrie redde colour sprinckled or poudered with blacke speckes the rootes be also round and with cloues or kernels like to the rootes of the white Lillies The greater red Lillie groweth to the heigth of the white Lillie and there groweth oftentimes vpon one stalke twenty fiue twentie or thirtie floures or moe of a shyning yellowish redde colour speckled with very small blacke spottes or little poynted markes as the other The roote is also like the other sauing it is somwhat smaller The third redde Lillie is in grouth higher than the first yet not so high tal as the seconde This kinde of Lillie beareth at the toppe of the stalke and also amongst his leaues as it were certayne pypes or clysters whiche if they be set in the ground will grow and after three or foure yeares they will beare floures †The Place These kindes of Lillies are planted in some gardens especially in Flaunders and Germany but in some countries they grow wilde in rough and harde places †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The red purple Lillie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lilium rubrum Lilium rufum and of Ouide it is called Hyacinthus Pausanias calleth one of these kindes Comosandalon the Italians Giglio saluatico some call the greatest kinde Martagon it is called in Douche Root golt Gilgen Liliū purpureū †The cause of the Name Of the redde Lillie Ouide wryteth this that it came of the bloud of the Boy Hyacinthus the whiche Apollo by misfortune slue in playing with him so as the grasse and herbes were bedewed and sprinckled with the bloud of him Wherevpon it came to passe immediately by the commaundement of Apollo that the earth brought forth a floure altogither like to a Lillie sauing it was redde as Ouid wryting in the tenth Booke of his Metamorphoseos saith Ecce cruor qui fusus humo signauerat herbas Desinit esse cruor Tyrioque nitentior ostro Flos oritur formamque capit quam Lilia si non Purpureus color his argenteus esset in illis And for a perpetuall memorie of the Boy Hyacinthus Apollo named these floures Hyacinthes †The Nature and Vertues The nature and vertues of the redde Lillies are yet vnknowen bycause they are not vsed in medicine Of the wilde Lyllie Chap. xliiij ⧠The Description THe wilde Lillie hath a straight rounde stemme set full of long leaues at the toppe whereof there grow fayre pleasant floures in proportion much like to the Lillie diuided into sixe small thicke and flesshie leaues bending or turning backwardes almost like a ring of an olde purple or dimme incarnate colour poudered or dashte with small spottes and without any speciall smell The roote is like to the common garden Lillie sauing it is smaller and yellow as golde †The Place This herbe groweth in some places of Almaigne as in the woodes medowes whose situation or standing is vpon Mountaynes but in this countrie they plante them in gardens †The Time The wilde Lillie flowreth in Maye and Iune †The Names This flowre is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lilium syluestre and in some places Affodillus amongst the Apothecaries and is vsed for the right Asphodelus but very erroniously in Englishe Wilde Lillie in Frenche Lis sauuage the Italians call it Martagon and the Spaniardes Amarillis in high Douche Goldwurtz and Heydnischblumen in base Almaigne Lelikens van Caluarien Heydens bloeme and Wilde Lelien some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemerocallis howebeit the flower is not yellow †The Nature and Vertues The wilde Lillie also is not vsed in medicine therfore his nature vertues are as yet hidden vnknowen Lilium syluestre Martagon Italorsi Amaryllis Hispanorum Of Dogges tooth Chap. xlv †The Description THis lowe base herbe hath for the most parte but two leaues speckled with great redde spottes betwixt whiche there springeth vp a litle tender stalke or stemme with one flower at the toppe hanging downeward which hath certayne small leaues growing togither lyke an arche or vaute and like the wilde Lillie of colour white or pale purple like to a Carnation or flesh colour out of the middest of this flower there hange also sixe smal thrommes or short threds with litle titles or pointed notes like as in the Lillies After the flower there foloweth a roūd knop or litle head in which the sede is cōteyned The roote is long slenderlyke to a Chebol with certayne hearie threddes or stringes hanging at it †The Place It groweth in diuers places of Italy but chiefely on the hilles mountaynes of Bononia and Mutinens and the Countrie theraboutes it groweth not in Brabant sauing in the gardens of certayne diligent Herboristes ¶ The Names This herbe is nowe called Denticulus canis and Dens caninus of some it is also called Pseudohermodactylus of others Satyriō Erythroniū wherwithall notwithstanding it hath no similitude but it seemeth to be Ephemeron nō lethale of Dioscorides whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lilium syluestre and it may wel be called Lilium syluestre bycause that the flower when as it hangeth downeward towardes the ground is much like to the Lillies especially the wilde Lillies sauing it is euer smaller Denticulus canis Ephemeron nō lethale †The Nature and Vertues Of the nature and vertues of this herbe we can affirme nothing but if it be Ephemeron as it seemeth to be then it is good for the teeth as Dioscorides saith for as he writeth the water wherein the roote is boyled is wholesome and
†The Description THE first kinde of Leucoion bulbosum beareth two or three natro we leaues a short stemme and vpon it a litle faire and pleasant flower growing foorth of a little long huske vpon a smal stemme hanging downewards with three white leaues amongst which also there appeare three other litle greene leaues The second sort hath bigger leaues then the aforesayd yet smaller tenderer then Leeke blades but otherwise they be alyke The flowers be also white compact or made of sixe little leaues somewhat straked or crested in the middest of the flower are certayne hearie stemmes with small yellowe tippes the seede is small and yellowe conteyned in litle rounde huskes The roote is white and Bulbus and doth soone multiply and increase other The third kind is the greatest this sort beareth two or three or mo flowers togither vpon one stem altogither lyke the flowers aforesayd sauing that the stalkes and leaues are longer †The Place These kindes of Violets do growe in shadowy places and lowe wooddes standing neare vnto waters in Italy and Germanie they growe not in this Countrie but in certayne gardens †The Tyme They begin to spring in Februarie and yeelde their seede in Aprill and in May the stalke with his leaues doth vanish cleane away but the roote remayneth in the grounde like to yellowe Crowe belles or bastarde Narcissus But the thirde kinde flowreth not with the other twayne but long after in Aprill †The Names These pleasant flowers are nowe accounted for a kinde of violettes which Theophraste calleth in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Viola alba Therfore it is now called Leucoion or Viola alba Theophrasti we may call it in Englishe White Bulbus violet Narcissus violet and Theophrastus white Violet in Frenche Violette blanche in high Douch Weisz hornungs blumen in base Almaigne Witte Sprockel bloemen Soomersottekens and Witte Tijdeloosen †The Nature The temperament and vertues of these flowers are not yet knowen Of Saffron Chap. lv †The Description SAffron hath long narrowe blades like grasse the flowers grow vpon naked stemmes and are of a watcheth or pale blewe colour diuided into sixe smal leaues but somewhat long from out of the middle whereof hange downe the Saffron blades or threddes of a redd colour The roote is rounde lyke an Onyon hauing sometimes foure or fiue small rootes adioyning ¶ The Place Saffron as Dioscorides and other the Auncientes haue written groweth in the mount Coricus of Cilicia and that was esteemed for the best and in the mount Olympe of Lycia neare about Aegis a towne of Aetolia it groweth now in sundrie places of Douchland especially about Vienne in Austriche the which now is counted for the best it groweth plentifully also in some places of England and Irelande †The Tyme Saffron flowreth before his leaues are sprong out of the grounde in September and after that it bringeth foorth his grassie leaues whiche do last vntill Maye but in sommer a man shall not finde neither leaues nor flowers The roote onely remayneth aliue growing vnder grounde and bringing foorth other small rootes Crocus †The Names Saffrō is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in latine Crocus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Castor Cynomorphos or Herculis sanguis in the Arabiā spech Zahafarā from thence it was called in French high Douch Saffran in base Almaigne Sofferaen and in English Saffron †The cause of the Name Saffron was named Crocus after the name of a certayne Damsell called Crocus as Ouid writeth from whence Galen borowed this Historie who reciteth the same In nono de medicamentis secundum loca whereas it is writen in this sorte A yong wenche called Crocus went forth into the fieldes with Mercurie to throw the sledge whiles she tooke no heede she was vnawares stroken in the head by Mercurie and greeuously hurte of whiche hurte shee died incontinent than of hir bloud so shedde vpon the grounde the Saffron sprang vp †The Temperament Saffron is hoate in the second degree and dry in the first ⧠The Vertues Saffron is good to be put into medicines which are taken against the disseases of the Breast the Lunges the Liuer and the Bladder it is good also for the stomake to be taken in meates for it comforteth the stomacke and causeth good digestion and dronken in sodden wine it preserueth from dronkennesse and prouoketh bodily lust Saffron taken in sweete wine causeth one to be long winded to fetch his breath easily and it is good for them that are shorte winded and Asthmatique Saffron mengled with womans milke layde to the eyes preserueth them from the flowing downe of humors and from the Masels and small Pockes and stoppeth the fluxion or bloudshoting of the same being layde therevpon It is also good to be layde vpon inflammations cholericke impostems and wilde fire and it is very good to be mengled with all medicines for the eares Also it is very good to mollifie and soften all hardnesse to rypen all rawe tumors or swellings The roote of Saffron dronken in wine prouoketh vrine it is good for thē that haue the stone or grauell and that cannot pisse but droppe after droppe Of Standelworte / or Standergrasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are diuers sortes of Standergrasse called in Greeke Orchis and in Douch Standelcruyt wherof there were but two sortes described of the old Auncient writers but we haue ioyned to them certayne other not knowē nor described of any other that haue traueled before vs in the searching out or knowledge of herbes so that now we haue thought good to cōprehend them all in fiue kindes Wherof the first is Cynosorchin siue canis testiculum The second is Testiculum Morionis the third is Tragorchin the fourth is Orchin Serapian the fifth is Testiculum odoratum or Testiculum pumilionem †The first Kynde THere be fiue sortes of the firste kinde of Orchios whiche the Greekes call Cynosorchin Whereof the first hath foure or fiue great broade leaues and thicke almost like to the leaues of Lillies but somwhat smaller the stalke is of a foote half long at which groweth a great sort of floures tuffetwise fayre sweete of a carnation or fleshly colour like the colour of mans body but speckled full of purple spots the floures alone are but smal like to an open hood or helmet out of the inside wherof there hāgeth forth a certayne ragged thing fashioned almost like the proportiō of a litle fourefooted beast The rootes ouer bysides certaine small hearie things growing aboute them are round like to a payre of stones or a couple of Oliue berries one hanging somewhat shorter than the other whereof the highmost is the smaller fuller and harder and the nethermost is the greatest the lightest and most wrinckled or shriueled The second is somewhat like to the aforesayde but his leaues be narrower and playner whereof some do compasse
The Place Harmala groweth as Dioscorides writeth in Cappadocia and Galatia in this countrie the Herborists do sowe it in their gardens †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta syluestris of some it is called Harmala of the Arabian Physitions and of the late wryters Harmel The people of Syria in times past called it Besasa and some Moly We may also call it Harmala or Harmel Harmala †The Nature Galen writeth that this herbe is hoate in the third degree of subtill partes †The Vertues Bycause Harmala is of subtil partes it cutteth asunder grosse and tough humors it prouoketh vrine and womens naturall fluxe The seede of Harmala stamped with Hony Wine Saffron the iuyce of Fenell and the gaule of a Henne doth quicken the sight and cleareth dimme eyes Of Rosemary Chap. lxxxv ⧠The Description ROsemary is as it were a little tree or wooddish shrubbe with many small branches and slender boughes of harde and wooddie substance couered and set full of little smal long and tender leaues white on the side next the ground and greene aboue The floures are whitishe and mixte with a little blewe the whiche past there commeth forth smal seede The roote and the stemme are likewise harde and wooddie The leaues and the floures are of a very strong and pleasant sauour and good smacke or taste †The Place Rosemary groweth naturally and plentifully in diuers places of Spayne and France as in Prouence and Languedoc They plante it in this countrie in gardens and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme The Rosemary floureth twise a yeare once in the spring time of the yeare and secondarily in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosmarinū coronarium in Shoppes Rosmarinus in English Rosemary in Italian Rosmarino in Spanish Romero in French Rosmarin ▪ in Germany Rosmarein in base Almaigne Rosmarijn They call it in Latine Rosmarinum coronarium that is to say Rosemarie whereof they make Crownes Garlandes to put a difference from the other Libanotis which is of diuerse sorts wherof wee shall intreate in Chapters following The blossoms or floures of this Rosemarie is called in shoppes Anthos †The Nature This Rosemarie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen do write that this Rosemary boyled in water and giuē to drinke in the morning fasting before labor or exercice cureth the Iaunders The Arrabians and their successours Physitions do say that Rosemarie cōforteth the brayne the memory and the inwarde Sences that it restoreth speach especially the conserue made of the floures thereof with Sugar to be receyued dayly fasting Rosmarinum coronarium The ashes or axen of Rosemarie burnte doth fasten loose teeth and beautifieth the same if they be rubbed therewith Of Lauender and Spyke Chap. lxxxvi †The Kyndes LAuender is of two sortes male and female The male hath his leaues floures spikie eares and stemmes broader longer higher thicker and of a stronger sauour The female is smaller shorter lower and of a pleasanter sauour †The Description BOth kindes of Lauender haue square hollow stalkes with ioyntes knottes vpon whiche groweth grayishe leaues whiche be long narrow thicke Yet larger and longer than the leaues of Rosemarie The floures whiche are most commonly blew grow thicke set and couched togither in knoppes or spiked eares at the toppes of the stalkes The roote is of wooddie substance with many threddy strings †The Place Lauender groweth in certayne places of Italy Spayne and Fraunce on the Mountaynes rough stonie places that lie against the Sunne they plant it here in gardens especially the female Lauender whiche is very common in all gardens but the male kinde is not founde sauing amongst the Herboristes Lauandula mas English Spike Lauandula foemina Lauender ⧠The Tyme Lauender floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names It is called in Latine Lauandula in Shops Lauendula in English Spike and Lauender in Italian Spigo and Lauanda in Spanish Alhuzema Alfazema of some in Greeke Pseudonardus and of others Hirculus and of some also Rosmarinum coronarium It seemeth to be the herbe that Virgil calleth Casia and Theophrastus Cneorus albus The first kind is Lauandula mas in English Lauander or Spike in French Lauande masle ▪ in high Douch Spica and Spica nardi in base Almaigne Lauender and Lauender manneken The seconde kinde is called Lauendula and Lauendula foemina in English Spike and Female Lauender in French Lauande femelle in high Douch Lafendel in base Almaigne Lauender wijfken †The Nature Lauender is hoate and dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues Lauender boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe the floures and driueth forth the Secondine and the dead Childe The floures of Lauender alone or with Cinnamome Nutmegs Cloues do cure the beating of the harte and the Iaunders and are singuler against the Apoplexie and giddinesse or turning of the head they comforte the brayne and members taken or subiect to the Palsie The conserue made of the floures with Sugar profiteth much against the sayde diseases to be taken in the morning fasting in quantitie of a Beane The distilled water of the floures of Spike or Lauender healeth mēbers of the Palsie if they be washed therewith Of Staechados / or French Lauender Chap. lxxxvij ⧠The Description THis is a beautiful herbe of a good very pleasant smell with diuers weake tender branches set full of long small whitish leaues but smaller narrower tenderer of a more amiable sauour than the leaues of Lauender At the toppe of the stalkes there growe fayre thicke knoppes or spikie eares with smal blew floures thicke set and thrust togither These knops or eares are solde euery where in Shops by the name of Staecados Arabicum There is yet an other herbe which the Apothecaries do call Stichas citrina the whiche we haue described in the lx Chapter of the first Booke †The Place This herbe groweth in the Iles called Staechades standing directly ouer agaynst Marsiles and in diuers places of Lāguedoc and Prouince in Arabia In this countrie some Herboristes do sowe it and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme Staecados floureth in May and Iune somwhat before Lauender Staechas †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Stichas and Staechas in Shoppes Stichas Arabica Stęchados Arabicum in the Arabian tongue Astochodos in English Staechados French Lauender Cassidonie of some Lauender gētle in Italian Sticados in Spanish Cantuesso Rosmarinho in Frēch Staechados †The Nature The complexion of Staechados is hoate and dry †The Vertues The decoction of Staechados with his floures or else the floures alone drōken do opē the stoppings of the Liuer the lunges the Melte the Mother the bladder and of all other inward partes clensing and driuing forth all euill
Description THIS herbe hath a weake slender stalke with ioyntes or knottes the leaues are greater than the leaues of Fenill like to the leaues of Pine tree At the top of the stalkes groweth rounde spokie tuffetes full of little yellowe flowers the whiche afterwarde do turne into broade seede The roote is thicke and long blacke without and white within of a stroÌ„g greeuous smell and full of yellow sap or liquer smelling not muche vnlike to Sulphur or Brymstone and it beareth at the hyghest of the roote aboue the earth a certayne thicke or bushe of heare like to the rootes of Libanotides before described amoÌ„gst whiche the leaues and stalke do spring vp †The Place This herbe groweth vppon the high mountaines of Almaigne in the woodes of Languedoc certayne other countries Heare the Herboristes do sowe it in their their gardens It is found in certayne places of Englande and D. Turner sayth he founde a roote of it at S. Vincentes rocke by Bristowe Peucedanus ⧠The Tyme Peucedanum flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latiue and in shoppes Peucedanum of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est Bonus Genius Pinastellum Stataria and Foeniculus Porcinus In Englishe also Peucedanum Horestrong or Horestrange Sowe fenill and of some Sulpherwurt In Italion Peucedano In Spanishe Heruatum In Frenche Peucedanon and Queuë de Pourceau In high Douch Harstrang of some Schwebelwurtz and Sewfenchel that is to say Sulpher roote and Sowfenell In base Almaigne Verckens Venckell †The Nature This herbe but specially the sap or iuys of the roote is hoate in the seconde degree and drie almost in the beginning of the thirde degree †The Vertues The sappe of the roote of Peucedanum or Horestrange taken by it selfe or with bitter Almondes and Rue as Plinie sayth is good agaynst the shortnesse of breath swageth the griping paynes of the belly dissolueth and driueth away ventositie windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke and of all inwarde partes it wasteth the swelling of the Melte or Splene It looseth the belly gentilly and purgeth by siege both fleme and choler The same taken in manner aforesayde prouoketh vrine easeth the payne of the kidneyes and bladder it mooueth the fluxe menstrual causeth easie deliuderance of childe and expulseth the Secundyne and the deade childe The iuyce of Peucedanum is good agaynst the Cough if it be taken with areare egge The same giuen to smell vpon doth greatly helpe such women as are greeued with vprising and strangling of the Mother and stirreth vp agayne or waketh suche people as haue the lethargie or the forgetfull and sleeping disease The same layde to the forehead with oyle of Roses and Vineger is good agaynst the madnesse called in Greeke Phrenitis and the olde greeuous head aches and giddinesse of the same terrible dreames and the falling sicknesse The same sappe applyed as is aforesayde cureth the Paulsie the Crampe and drawing togyther of sinewes and all olde colde diseases especially the Sciatica The perfume of Peucedanum burned vppon quicke coales driueth away Serpentes and all other venemous beastes creeping vpon the grounde The iuyce of it put into the concauitie or hollownesse of a naughtie tooth swageth toothache and powred into the eares with oyle of Roses cureth the payne of the same They lay it with good successe vnto the rupture or bursting of younge children and vpon the Nauelles that stande out or are to muche lifted vp The roote in vertue is lyke to the iuyce but it is not althing so effectuall Yet men drinke the decoction thereof agaynst all the diseases whereunto the the iuyce is good The roote dried and made into powder doth mundifie and elense olde stine-king and corrupt vlcers and draweth foorth the splinters and peeces of boones and bringeth to a scarre and closeth vp vicers that be harde to healè They mingle it very profitably with aloyntmentes and Emplaisters that are made to chafe and heate any part of the body whatsoeuer The same dryed and mengled with the Oyle of Dill causeth one to sweate if the body be annoynted and rubbed therwith Of great Pellitorie of Spayne / Imperatoria or Masterwort Chap. cix †The Kyndes MAsterwort is of two sortes tame wilde not much oulyke one another aswel in leaues as in floures and rootes both kindes are wel knowen in this Countrie †The Description IMperatoria or Masterwort hath great broade leaues almost like Alerander but of deeper greene and stronger sauour euery leafe is diuided into three others the which agayne hath two or three deepe cuttes or gasshes insomuch as euery leafe is diuided into seueÌ„ or nine parts and euery part is toothed or natched rounde about like a sawe Amongst these leaues groweth the tender knottie stalkes whiche be of a reddishe colour next the grounde bearing at the top round spokie tuffets with white floures after the whiche commeth the seede whiche is large and lyke to Dyll seede The roote is long of the thicknesse of ones finger creeping alongst and putteth vp new leaues in sondrie places somwhat blacke without and white within hoate or byting vpon the tongue of a strong sauour The wylde Imperatoria commonly called Herbe Gerarde or Aishe Weede is not much vnlyke the abouesaide in leaues flowers rootes sauing that the leaues are smaller growing vpoÌ„ longer Stemmes and the roote is tenderer whiter and not so thicke Also the whole plante with his roote is not althing so strong in in sauor yet it is not alto gither without a certayne strong smell or sauor †The Place Asterantium or Masterwort is sometymes founde in wooddes and desertes vpon littel hylles or small mountaynes They do also plante it meetely plentifullye in the gardins of high and base Almayne and Englande The seconde Imperatoria or wylde Masterwort groweth commoÌ„ly in most gardens of his owne kinde and this is surely a weede or vnprofitable plante And wheras these herbes haue once taken roote they wyll there remayne willingly and do yearely increase spreade abroade getting more grounde dayly For which cause as I thinke it was first called Imperatoria or Masterwoortz in Douch Asterantium Ostrutium †The Tyme These herbes do flower here in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called of some Herboristes and Apothicaries Osteritium Ostrition Ostrutium or Asterantium of some Imperatoria In English also Imperatoria Masterworte and Pellitorie of Spayne In Italion Imperatoriá In Frenche Ostrutium or ImperatoÃre and Herbe du Benioin but falsely In high Douch Meysterwurtz In base Almaigne Meesterwortell The second or wilde Imperatoria is now called Herba Gerardi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Septifolium that is to say Herbe Gerarde and Setfoyle In Englishe some call it Aishweede In base Almayne Geraert and Seuenblat †The Nature Asterantium but chiefely the roote is hoate and dry in the thirde degree The wilde is almost of the same nature and qualitie
flowers vppon short stemmes which be of a fayre browne purple colour and of a good sauour somwhat like Nardus fashioned like the flower of a Granat tree called Balaustia or Cytinus which is the buddes of Balaustia and somewhat lyke the cuppes or huskes of Henbane The rootes be smal long and crookedly layd ouerthwaxt here and there with diuers small hearie stringes of a pleasant sharpe sauor and taste byting the tongue †The Place It delighteth in shadowy places and rough dry groundes especially in thependent or hanging of hilles mountaynes in thicke darke wooddes and commonly vnder the Haselles as Cordus sayth It is alwayes greene and springeth anew and floureth in the spring time and it floureth agayne at the ende of Sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in shoppes Asarum of some Nardus rustica Perpenla Macer calleth it Vulgago it is called in English Asarabacca and folefoote it may also be called Haselworte in Frenche Cabaret in Germanie Haselwurtz in Brabant Haselwortel and of some Mansooren Asarum †The Nature Asarabacca is hoate and drie in the thirde degree especially the roote whiche is most vsed in Physicke †The Vertues The roote of Asarabacca boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie the cough the shortnesse of breath and difficultie of breathing Conuulsions and Crampes and the shrinking togyther of members The same taken in lyke manner is profitable against venome and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of Serpentes and all venemous beastes The same boyled in wine is good for them that haue the Dropsie and the Sciatica The same dronken with honied wine bringeth downe the menstrual fluxe expelleth the Secondine and other superfluities of the mother The leaues of Asarabacca stamped with wine and strayned and the iuyce thereof dronken causeth to vomite and purgeth by vomiting tough flegme and choler The same leaues stamped are good to be applyed or layde to the ache and dolors of the head to the inflammation of the eyes and to womens breastes that are to full of milke whan they list to drie vp the same and it is good to be layde to the disease called the wilde fire especially at the beginning Of Dragons Chap. vi †The Kyndes THere are three sortes of Dragons as Plinie writeth that is to say the great and the smal and a certayne third kinde growing in waterie places 1. Dracunculus maior The great Dragonwurt 2. Dracunculus minor The smaller Dragonwurt 3. Dracunculus palustris Water Dragonwurt †The Description THe first kinde called the great Dragon or Serpentarie beareth an vpright stalke of a cubit long or more thicke rounde smothe and speckled with diuers colours and spottes lyke to an Adder or Snakes skinne The leaues be great and large compackt or made of sixe seuen or moe leaues whereof eache single leafe is long lyke to a Sorrell or Docke leafe sauing they be very smothe and playne At the top of the stalke groweth a long hoose or huske lyke to the hoose or codde of Aron or Wake Robin of a greenish colour without and of a darke red or purple colour within and so is the clapper or pestill that groweth vp within the sayde huske the whiche is long and thicke and sharpe poynted peeked lyke to a hornet whose fruit by increase waxeth so as it streatcheth and at length breaketh out of a certayne skin or velme the sayde fruit appeareth like to a bunche or cluster of grapes first greene and afterwarde red as fier the berries or grapes wherof are full of iuyce or liquor in which is a certayne smal harde seede The roote of this Dragon is lasting thicke and white and growen lyke to a Bulbus Onyon couered with a thin pil and of the quantitie of a pretie apple and bearded with diuers little white heares or stringes and oftentymes there is ioyning to it other small rootes whereby it is multiplyed The smaller Dragon in his leaues his huske or codde his pestill or clapper his berry and grape is like vnto Aron or Cockowpint sauing that his leaues are not marked with blacke but with white spottes Neyther do they perish so soone as Aron but they growe togyther with their berries euen vntyl winter Their berries also are not fully so redde but are of a certaine yellowish red The roote is not muche vnlike Aron white and rounde lyke an Onyon and hath certayne hearie threddes hanging by it with certayne small rootes or buddes of newe plantes The roote of water Dragon is not round after the order of Bulbus but it is a long creeping roote full of ioyntes and of a reasonable thicknesse out of whose ioyntes springeth vp the stalkes of the leaues whiche are smoth without and spungie within but downewardes towardes the grounde the sayd rootes sendeth out of their said ioyntes certaine smal hearie rootes The fruit groweth aboue vppon a shorte stem and commeth foorth with one of the leaues compassed about with small white thrōmes or threddes at the first which is the blowing and afterward it groweth foorth into a cluster which is greene at the first and waxeth red whan it is rype smaller than the grape or cluster of Arons berries but as sharpe or byting The leaues be large greene fine smoth fashioned like Iuy leaues yet smaller thē the leaues of Cockowpint or Aron But that leafe in which the cluster of berries groweth is smallest of al on the vpper part or syde next the fruit it is white 4. Dracunculus Matthioli Matthiolus Dragonwurte Besides the aforesayde Dragons there is an other kinde placed of Matthiolus with great large leaues growing folden and lapped one within an other with an vpright stalke and beareth at the toppe a certayne blossome or flower lyke to a spyke eare The roote is also round lyke the others as ye may perceiue by the figure Surely this kinde of Dragō if any such be to be found is rather a kinde of Bistort howbeit there be that thinketh this figure to be false and fayned †The Place The first Dragonwort groweth well in shadowie places and in this Countrie they plante it in gardens The seconde also delighteth in shadowie places vnder hedges and is found plentifully growing in the Ilandes called Maiorque and Minorque This thirde kinde groweth in moyst waterish places in the brinkes of diches and floting waters and also alongst the running streames and riuers †The Tyme They flowre in Iuly and in August the fruit is ripe †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Dracunculus maior of some Serpentaria and Colubrina in Shoppes Serpentaria maior of Serapio Luf in English Dragons and Dragons wurte in French Serpentaire or Serpentyne in Germanie Schlangekraut Drachenwurtz in Brabāt Speerwortele and Drakenwortele The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dracunculus minor and of some late writers
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
flowers growe vp after the leaues and stalke are perished vpō short stemmes or stalkes lyke the flowers of Saffron The roote is round broade aboue and narrow beneath white sweete couered with many coates or felmes hauing by one syde right in the midle as it were a clift or parting where as the stalke bearing the flowre groweth The roote being dryed becommeth blacke There is also to be seene in Shoppes litle white rounde rootes the whiche they call Hermodactils in fashion partly lyke the aforesayde but that they be more flatte and haue no diuision in the middle as the abouesayde but what flowers and leaues they haue Mesue hath not left vs in writing †The Place Medowe Saffron as Dioscorides sayth groweth in Messenia and in the I le of Colchis whereas it tooke his first name It is also found in this Countrie in fat medowes and great store of it is found about Viluorde and about Bath in Englande †The Tyme The leaues of Medow Saffron come foorth in March and April the feede is rype in Iune in Iuly the leaues and stalke do perishe And in September the pleasant flowers come forth of the grounde †The Names The kinde of Hermodactil here figured is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some in Latine Agrestis Bulbus in Frenche Tue chien or Mort aux chiens in high Almaigne Zeitlosen Wisen Zeitlosen in base Almaigne of the Herboristes Hermodactilen Turner nameth it Mede Saffron wild Saffron The seconde kinde which is found in Shoppes is called of Paulus Aegineta Mesue Serapio and certayne other auncient Greeke Physitions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hermodactilus and by this name it is knowen in shoppes †The Nature Medow or wilde Saffron is corrupt and venemous therefore not vsed in medicine The seconde Hermodactill is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues That Hermodactil which is vsed in shoppes driueth foorth by siege slymie fleme drawing the same from farre partes and is very good to be vsed against the gowte the Sciatica and all paynes in the ioyntes †The Danger Medow Saffron taken into the body stirreth vp knawing and fretting in all the body as though all the body were rubbed with nettles inflameth the stomacke and hurteth the inwarde partes so that in fine it causeth blooddy excrementes and within the space of one day death The other Hermodactil vsed in Shoppes stirreth vp tossinges wamlings windinesse and vomiting and subuerteth and ouerturneth the stomacke †The Remedie If any man by chaunce haue eaten of wild Saffron the remedie is to drinke a great draught of Cowe mylke as maister Turner hath written If one put to that Hermodactill which is vsed in Shoppes eyther Ginger long Pepper Annys seede or Comin and a litle Mastik so taken it doth not ouerturne the stomacke neyther stirreth vp windinesse Of Lauriel or Lowrye Chap. xxxvi †The Description LAuriel groweth of the heigh of a foote and a halfe or more it hath many tough branches which will not easily breake with wresting or playing couered with a thicke rinde or barke round about the sayde branches but most cōmonly at the top grow many leaues clustering togither thicke and of a blackish colour like in fashion to Baye leaues but not so great the which being chewed in the mouth do chafe and burne the mouth tongue throte exceedingly The flowers grow vpon short stemmes ioyning and vppon the leaues well clustering togither about the stalke of a white greene or herby colour The fruit in the beginning is greene and after being ripe it is blacke almost lyke a Baye berie but lesser The roote is long and of a wooddy substance †The Place Lauriel groweth in rough mountaines amongst wood and is found in the Countrie of Liege and Namure alongest the riuer Meuse in some places of Almaigne It groweth also in many places of Englande †The Tyme It flowreth all bytimes in Februarie the seede is ripe in May. †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Daphnoides in Shoppes Laureola in Frenche and base Almaigne Laureole in high Almaigne Zeilandt in Englishe Lauriell †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the third degree drawing neare to the fourth †The Vertues The leaues of Lauriel open the belly and purge slymie fleme and waterie superfluities are good for suche as haue the Dropsie Like vertue haue fouretene or fiftene of the Beries taken at once for a purgation Daphnoides The leaues of the same holden in the mouth and chewed drawe foorth muche water and fleme from the brayne and put into the nose they cause sneesing †The Danger Lauriel doth vexe and ouerturne the stomacke very muche and inflameth hurteth and burneth the inwarde partes †The Remedie The leaues of Lauriell are corrected and made more apt to be receiued in like manner as Chamelaea Of Mezereon Chap. xxxvij †The Kyndes MEzereon as Auicenne Mesue and Serapio do write is of two sortes whereof one hath broade leaues the other narrowe And is set foorth by the Auncient Greeke Physitions vnder these two names Chamelaea and Thymelaea †The Description CHamelaea is but a lowe plante about the heigth of a foote and a halfe or two foote The stalkes be of a wooddy substance ful of branches the leaues be long narrow and blackish much lyke the leaues of the Olyue tree but smaller At the highest of the stalkes growe little pale or yellowishe flowers and afterward the three-cornered fruite like the Tithymales and Spourge greene at the beginning and red when it is ripe after blackish or browne whan it is drye Chamelaea Wydowayle Thymelaea whereof eache seede is rounde almost lyke a Pepper corne harde and bitter in the beginning and after hoate burning the mouth Thymelea hath many smal springes or branches of the length of a cubite or a cubite and a halfe the leaues are smal lesser and narrower then the leaues of Chamelea and thicker The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the springes or twigges The fruit is greene at the beginning and after red like the Haw or white thorne fruit hauing within it a white kernell couered with a litle blacke skinne very hoate and burning the tong These two plantes do neuer lose their leaues but are alwayes greene both in winter and somer †The Place These plantes do grow in rough vntoyled places about high wayes and are found in some places of France as in Languedock and about Mompelier great store and abundance †The Tyme Chamelea flowreth at the beginning of somer yeldeth his sede in Autumne Thymelea flowreth also in sommer and his fruit is rype in August †The Names The Arabian Physitions do call both these plantes by the name of Mezereon and some call it Rapiens vitam Et faciens Viduas The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamelaea Oleago Oleastellus of some Citocacium and it may be well
†The Remedie Before ye occupie the seede of Stafisakre ye must stipe it in vineger and drie it and whan it is drie ye may giue it to drinke with Meade or watered honie Meade is honie and water boyled togither and whosoeuer hath receiued of this seede must walke without staying and should drinke Hidromel very oftē when he feeleth any kinde of choking and in this dooing it shall perfourme his operation without any great danger Of the wilde spirting Eueumbre Chap. xl †The Description WIlde Cucumbre hath leaues somewhat rounde and rough but lesser and rougher then the leaues of common Cucumber The stalkes be rounde and rough creeping alongst the grounde without any claspers or holders vpon whiche out of the holownesse of the collaterall branches or winges amongst the leaues grow shorte stemmes bearing a flower of a faynte yellow colour after the flowers there commeth little rough Cucumbers of the bignesse length of ones thombe full of sappe with a browne kernell the which being ripe skippeth forth assoone as one touche the Cucumbers The roote is white thicke and great with many other small rootes hanging by All the herbe is of a very bitter taste but especially the fruite whereof men vse to gather the iuyce and drye it the whiche is vsed in medicine †The Place This herbe is found in the gardens of Herboristes of this Countrie and where as it hath ben once sowen it commeth easily agayne euery yere †The Tyme These Cucumbers do flower in August their seede is ripe in September †The Names This Cucumber is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis Agrestis syluestris erraticus of some Cucumis anguinus in shoppes Cucumis asininus in English Wylde Cucumbre in French Concombre sauuage in high Douche Wilde Cucumer or Esels Cucumer in base Almaigne Wilde Concommeren or Esels Concommeren in Englishe Wilde Cucumber or leaping Cucumber Cucumissyluestris The iuyce of the roote being dry is called Elaterium in shoppes Elacterium †The Nature The iuyce of wilde Cucumbre is hoate and drie in the second degree and of a resoluing and clensing nature The roote is of the same working but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues Elaterium whiche is the iuyce of wilde Cucumbers dryed taken in quantitie of halfe a scruple driueth foorth by siege grosse fleme cholerique and especially waterishe humours Moreouer it is good against the Dropsie and for them that be troubled with shortnesse of breath The same delayed with sweete milke and powred into the nose putteth away from the eyes the euyl colour whiche remayneth after the Iaundise swageth headache and clenseth the brayne The same put into the place of conception sodden with honied wine helpeth women to their naturall sicknesse and deliuereth the dead childe Elaterium layd to outwardely with olde Oyle or honie or with the gall of an Oxe or Bull healeth the Squinancie and the swellinges in the throte The iuyce of the barke and roote of wilde Cucumber doth also purge fleme and cholerique and waterish humours is good for such as haue the Dropsie but not of so strong operation as Elaterium The roote of wilde Cucumber made soft or soked in vineger and layde to swageth the payne and taketh away the swelling of the gowte The vineger wherein it hath ben boyled holden in the mouth swageth the tooth ache The same layde to with parched barlie meale dissolueth cold tumours and layde to with Turpentine it breaketh and openeth impostemes The same made into powder and layd to with honie clenseth scoureth and taketh away foule scuruines spreading tetters manginesse pushes or wheales red spottes and all other blemishes and scarres of mans body The iuyce of the leaues dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of the same ⧠The Danger Elaterium taken into the body hurteth the inward partes and openeth the smal vaynes prouoketh gripinges and torments in the belly in doing his operation †The Remedie To cause that it shal do no hurt it must be geuen with Mede or with swete mylke a litle salt and Annys seede or geue it in powder with gumme Tragagante a litle Annys seede and salt Of Coloquintiba Chap. xli †The Description COloquintida creepeth with his branches alongst by the ground with rough hearie leaues of a grayish colour muche clouen or cut almost like the leaues of the Citron Cucumber The flowers are bleake or pale The fruit round of a greene colour at the beginning and after yellowe the barke thereof is neither thicke nor hard the inner part or pulpe is open spōgie full of gray seede in taste very bitter the which men dry kepe to vse in medicine There is yet founde another kind of Coloquintiba nothing lyke the first for this hath long rough stalkes mounting somewhat high and taking holde with his claspers euerywhere like Goordes The leaues be like the leaues of wilde Cucumber The fruite in all thinges is like the Goorde but farre smaller onely of the quantitie of a peare These wilde Goordes haue a very hard vpper barke or pille of a wooddy substance greene the inside is full of iuyce and of a very bitter taste Colocynthis †The Place The first kind groweth in Italie and Spayne from which places the dried fruite is brought vnto vs. The seconde kinde we haue sometime seene in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Coloquintida bringeth foorth his fruite in September Coloquintida is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Colocynthis of Paulus Aegineta Sicyonia in shoppes Coloquintida in Douche Coloquint opffelin and Coloquint appel The seconde kinde may be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita syluestris in French Courge sauuage in Douch Wilde Cauwoorden for this is a kinde of the right Goorde ⧠The Nature Coloquintida is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The white and inwarde pith or poulpe of Coloquintida taken about the weight of a scruple openeth the belly mightily and purgeth grosse flemes and cholerique humours and the slymie filthinesse and stinking corruption or scrapinges of the guttes yea sometimes it causeth blood to come foorth if it be taken in to great quantitie Like vertue it hath if it be boyled or layde to soke in honied water or any other liquor and after geuen to be dronken it profiteth muche against all colde dangerous sicknesses as the Ipoplerie falling sickenes giddinesse of the head payne to fetche breath the cholique loosenesse of the sinewes and places out of ioynt For the same purposes it may be put into Clisters and Suppositories that are put into the fundement The Oyle wherein Coloquintida hath ben boyled or whiche hath ben boyled in the Coloquintida dropped into the eares taketh away the noyse and singing of the same ⧠The Danger Coloquintida is exceeding hurtfull to the hart the stomacke and liuer and troubleth and hurteth the bowelles and other partes of the entrayles †The Remedie Ye
others †The Place The blew groweth not in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes whereas it is sowen The great white Withywinde groweth in most places of this Countrie in euery garden and about hedges and inclosures The litle white Withiwinde groweth in feeldes especially amongst the stubble and sometimes amongst the Barley Otes and other grayne †The Tyme The blew flowreth very late in this Countrie The white kindes do flower in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Withiwinde or Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Milax in Latine Smilax lenis of Marcus Cato Coniugulum in shoppes Volubilis of some Campanula and Funis arborum in Frenche Liset or Liseron in Douche Winde and Wranghe The kinde which beareth blewe flowers is called Coniugulum nigrum and after the opinion of some learned men in these dayes of Columella in hortis Ligustrum nigrum of Herboristes Campana Lazura The great white smothe Withiwinde is called of the Apothecaries Volubilis maior in high Douche Grosz Windenkraut and Groszweisz glocken in base Almaigne Groote Winde This kinde is taken of some to be Ligustrum album whereof Virgil treateth The smal Withiwinde or Bindeweede is called Volubilis minor in French Campanette or Vitreole in high Douchlande Klein Windenkraut in Neather Douchlande Cleyne cloexkens Winde And it seemeth to be much like to that which the Greekes cal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaecissus Hedera terrestris †The Nature Bindeweede or Withiwinde is of a hoate and drie qualitie or nature †The Vertues Withiwinde or Bindeweede is not fit to be put in medicine as Galen and Plinie witnesseth Of blacke Withiwinde / or Bindeweede Chap. liij †The Description BLacke Bindeweede hath smothe red branches very small lyke great threddes wherewithal it wrappeth and windeth it selfe about trees hedges stakes and about al herbes that it may catch or take holde vpon The leaues are lyke to Iuie but smaller and tenderer much resembling the leanes of the white Bindeweede The flowers be white and very small The seede is blacke and triangled or three square like to the seede of Bockweyde or Bolymong but smaller and blacker growing thicke togither Euery seede is inclosed and conered with a litle skinne The roote is also small and tender as a thred †The Place Blacke Bindweede groweth in Vineyardes and in the borders of feeldes and gardens about hedges and ditches and amongst herbes †The Tyme It deliuereth his seede in August and September afterward it perisheth †The Names This kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of the Emperour Constantine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Malacocissos hoc est Mollis Hedera Some call it in Latine Conuoluolus of some Vitealis that is to say Bindeweede of the Vineyardes or belonging to the Vine in Shoppes Volubilis media that is to say The meane Bindeweede in high Douche Swerte winde and Middelwinde in English Weede winde and Windweede or Iuybindweede ¶ The Nature Swerte Bindeweede is of a hoate nature and hath power to dissolue †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of this Bindeweede dronken doth lose and open the bellye The leaues pounde and layde to the greeued place dissolueth wasteth and consumeth swellinges as Galen sayth Helxine Cissampelos Of Soldanella or Sea Cawle Chap. liiij †The Description SOldanella hath many small branches somwhat red by the whiche it trayleth or creepeth alongst the grounde casting or spreading it self here and there couered or decked here there with litle round greene leaues more rounder and smaller then the leaues Asarabacca or lyke to the leaues of the round Aristolochia or Birthworte but smaller The flowers are lyke them of the lesser Bindeweede of a bright red or incarnate colour The seede is blacke and groweth in huskes or rounde coddes like the Bindeweedes The roote is small and long But to conclude this kinde of Bindeweede is muche like the lesser Withiwinde sauing that the leaues are muche rounder and thicker and of a saltish taste Brassica Marina †The Place This herbe groweth abundantly in Zealande vpon the Sea bankes and alongst the coast or Sea side in Flaunders and in all salt grounde standing neare the Sea †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune after which time men may gather it to keepe to serue in medicine ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassica Marina in Shoppes of the Apothecaries and common Herbaries Soldanella in high Douche Zee winde †The Nature Soldanella is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Soldanella purgeth downe mightily all kindes of waterie humours and openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and is geuen with great profite vnto suche as haue the Dropsie but it must be boyled with the brothe of some fatte meate or fleshe and dronken or els it must be dried and taken in powder ⧠The Danger Soldanella especially if it be taken in powder hurteth and troubleth the stomacke very muche †The Correction Men take to it Annys seede Cynamome Ginger and a great quantitie of Sugar and it must be so receiued in powder altogither Of Rough Bindeweede Chap. lv †The Description ROugh or prikeley Bindeweede hath tender stalkes and branches garnished or set round about with many sharpe prickes or thornes winding and wrappyng it selfe about trees hedges and bushes lyke to the other kindes of Bindeweede taking holde with their clasping branches vppon euery thing standing agaynst it The leaues be very well lyke Iuye but they are longer and sharper at the poynt The flowers are white and for his fruite it hath round beries clustering togither lyke grapes the whiche are red when they be ripe The roote is thicke and harde †The Place Rough Bindeweede as witnesseth Plinie groweth in vntoyled waterie places and in lowe and shadowie valleyes It is not founde in this Countrie but in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes Smilaxaspera †The Tyme Rough Bindeweede flowreth in the spring time but in hoate Countries it flowreth agayne in Autumne ¶ The Names This Bindeweede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Smilaxaspera of some Volubilis acuta or Pungens in Frenche Smilax aspre or Liset piquant in high Douch Stechend windt in base Almaigne Stekēde winde And the roote of this plant is the Zarsa parella or as some do write Sparta parilla The whiche some of our time commende very muche for diuers diseases albeit very small effecte commeth thereof †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drye †The Vertues The leaues and fruite of sharpe Windeweede are very profitable against all venome and poyson and it doth not serue onely for the venome receiued beforehande but also agaynst all poyson taken after that a man hath eaten of the leaues or fruite of this plant In somuch that whosoeuer eateth hereof dayly no venome may hurt him Men do also write of this
about a cubite and a halfe long hauing vppon eche side large leaues spread abrode like winges and cut in like Polipodie At the top of some of the branches grow round about small rough and round graynes which are lyke vnto seede The Roote is great and thicke folded and couered ouer with many small enterlacing rootes hauing in the middle a litle white the whiche men call the Harte of Osmunde †The Place This kinde of Ferne groweth in woods and moyst shadowie places †The Tyme It springeth vp in Aprill with the other Fernes and fadeth at the comming of winter yet the roote abideth stil in the grounde ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Latine of the Herboristes or Herbaries of our tyme Osmunda Filix aquatica and of some Filicastrum of the Alcumistes Lunaria maior in Frenche Osmonde or Feuchiere aquatique in Douche Water Varen or Wildt Varen and of some Sinte Christoffels cruyt We may cal it in English Osmonde the Waterman Waterferne and Saint Christophers herbe †The Nature Osmunde in hoate is the first degree and drie in the seconde Filix aquatica Osmunda †The Vertues The Hart or middle of the roote of Osmonde is good against squattes and bruses heauie and greeuous falles burstinges aswel outwarde as inwarde or what hurt or dislocation soeuer it be And for this purpose many practisers at this day do put it into their brothes and drinkes whiche they make for woundes causing it to boyle with other herbes some do also put it in ther Consolidatiue or healing playsters Of Polypodie / Wall Ferne / or Oke Ferne. Chap. lxij †The Description POlypodie hath leaues of a spanne long diuided into many cuttes or slittes rent and torne euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinewe and yet not snipt about the litle leaues The roote is almost as bigge as a mans finger and very long creeping hard by the ground bringing foorth many litle leaues browne without hauing many small heares and within of a greene herbelike colour It hath neither branche nor flower nor seede †The Place Polypodie groweth in the borders of feeldes standing somewhat high about the rootes of trees especially of Okes. Sometimes also ye shall finde it growing vppon olde wythiese houses and olde walles †The Tyme Polypodie keepeth his leaues bothe sommer and winter but his newe leaues come foorth in Aprill Polypodium †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filicula and Polypodium in Frenche Polypode in high Douche Engelsuz Baumfarn and Dropffwurtz in base Almaigne Boomvaren and of some Eyckenvaren in Englishe Polypodie Wall Ferne and Oke Ferne. ⧠The Nature The roote of Polypodie is drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of Oke Ferne openeth the belly and purgeth Melancholique grosse and flegmatique humours Moreouer it is very good agaynst the Colique that is the payne or griping in the belly agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Splene or Melt and agaynst quartayne agues especially if you ioyne to it Epithymum You must boyle it in mutton brothe or the brothe of a Cocke or Capon or the decoction of Mallowes or Beetes and a little Annys and after drinke thereof or els you may make it in powder and drinke it with honied water or Mede The powder of Polipody often put into the nose healeth and taketh cleane away the superfluous flesh growing in the nosethrilles whiche men call Polypus †The Choise The roote of Polypody which groweth at the foote of the Oke is the best and most fitte to be vsed in medicine and is called in Latine Polypodium quercinum Of Oke Ferne / Petie Ferne / or Pilde Osmunde Chap. lxiij THere is now a dayes found two kindes of Dryopteris or Oke Ferne the one is white the other swarte the which are not much vnlike one another Dryopteris candida White Oke Ferne. Dryopteris nigra Blacke Oke Ferne. †The Description THE white kinde of Dryopteris and the male are not muche vnlyke but it is much smaller and not exceeding a spanne in height and lykewise it beareth neither stalke flowers nor sede The leauâ—… 〈◊〉 white with great and deepe incisions and cuttes snipt rounde about with smaller and thicker snips or iagges then the leaues of malâ— Ferne and it hath also smal spottes or markes vnderneath the leafe The roâ—…s thâ—…e and blackish with many litle rootes twisted pressed and enterlaced one with another The blacke Dryopteris hath the stalke or stemme of his leaues blacke the leaues brownish the whiche are neyther so large nor yet so long neyther so muche creuished or snipt as the leaues of the white Dryopteris but in al other partes like and it is beset also with litle markes or spottes vnderneath The leaues of this kind do not perish nor fade in winter but continue greene all the yere †The Place Both kindes of Dryopteris grow in holowe wayes in shadowy and couered places in the foote or rootes of Okes that be aged and of many yeres continuance but yet they are not to be founde in all places †The Tyme The white Driopteris springeth vp in Aprill as Ferne doth The blacke bringeth foorth his leaues at the same time †The Names This kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dryopteris In Latine Filix querna that is in English Oke Ferne Mathiolus and Ruellius both men of great knowledge do call it in Latine Osmunda and Osmunda Arborea Wherefore we considering the propertie of this herbe in taking away heare as also for a difference from the other Oke Fernes and Osmundes do thinke good to name this herbe in our language Osmunde Baldepate or Pylde Osmunde The white is called in shoppes Adianthum and to the great perill and danger of such as be sicke is vsed for Adianthum The blacke is not very well knowen of the Apothecaries but where as it is knowen they do lykewise call it Adianthum This may be very wel called in our tongue Small Osmunde or Petie Ferne. †The Nature The white Dryopteris is hoate sharpe and very abstersiue or clensing The blacke agreeth with the nature or facultie of Saluia vita or Stone Rue †The Vertues White Oke Ferne whiche is the right Dryopteris is of such strong power or vertue that it causeth the heare to fal of and maketh the skinne balde But for the doing of the same the roote must be pounde very small and layde vpon the place whiles a man is in the stoue or hoate house vntill he sweate well then it must be taken away and newe layde on two or three times as witnesseth both Dioscorides and Galen The blacke may be vsed for Adianthum that is to say Venus or Mayden heare Of Stone hartes tongue Chap. lxiiij †The Description HArtes tong hath long narrow leaues about the length of a spanne playne and smothe vppon one side and vpon the side next the ground it is straked ouerthwart with
of the Sonne as are the walles of Temples or Churches †The Tyme They remayne all the yeere and renewe their leaues in Aprill †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Adiantum Polytrichum Callitrichū Cincinnalis Terrae capillus Supercilium terrae Apuleius calleth it Capillus Veneris Capillaris Crinita in the Shoppes of Fraunce and Italie Capillus Veneris it is for the more part vnknowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie in French Cheueux de Venus in high Almaigne frauwenhar in base Almaigne Vrouwen hayr The seconde kinde is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie Capillus Veneris and of some it is taken for Adiantum in the Shoppes of Fraunce Saluia vita of the learned at this time Ruta Muraria that is to say Rue of the wall in high Douche Maurrauten and Steinrauten in base Almaigne Steencruyt †The Nature Both these herbes be drie and temperate in heate and colde †The Vertues The decoction of Capillus Veneris made in wine and dronke helpeth them that are short breathed and cannot fetch winde also it helpeth such as are troubled with an harde or vnesie cough for it ripeth tough fleme and auoydeth it by spetting It prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone moueth the flowers deliuereth the secondine and vnstoppeth the liuer and the melt and is very good agaynst the diseases of the Melt and the Iaunders Capillus Veneris stoppeth the flixe of the belly stayeth the spitting of blood and is profitable against the fluxions and moystnesse of the stomacke against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Capillus Veneris as yet greene pounde and layde to the bitinges of venemous beastes and mad Dogges preuayleth very muche and layde vppon the head causeth heare to come agayne in places that are pilde or balde It dispatcheth also the swellinges of the throte called Strumes especially in young children when it is pound greene and layde therevpon The lye wherein the same hath ben stieped and boyled is very good to washe the scurffe of the heade for it healeth the same causing the rome and scales to fall of A cay or garlende of Maydenheare worne vpon the head healeth the ache and payne of the same as Plinie affirmeth The leaues of Adiantum mixed togither with a little Saltpeter and the vrine of a young child taketh away the shreucled wrinckles that appeare vpon the bellies of women lately deliuered of child if the belly be washed therwithall after their Beliuerance Men vse in this Countrie to put Rue of the wall in steede of Capillus Veneris in all their medicines and haue founde it to profite muche in the colde passions or diseases of the breast Of English or common Maydenheare Chap. lxix †The Description TRichomanes is a litle herbe of the length of a span without flowers and seede and hath the stalkes of his leaues very small and leane browne shining and smoth beset on both sides with many little pretie round leaues euery leafe of the bignesse of a Lentill straked and dashed on that side whiche is next the grounde with many small markes and strakes lyke Rue of the wall The roote is small and blackishe †The Place It loueth moyst and shadowie places and groweth about waters especially vpō moyst rockes and olde walles and great store thereof is found in this Countrie †The Tyme It abydeth alwayes greene like Venus heare and Rue of the wall Trichomanes †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fidicula capillaris and also Trichomanes in the Shoppes Polytrichon in high Douche Widertodt Abthon and of some Roter Steinbrecke in neather Douchland Wederdoot in Englishe Maydenheare and Common Maydenheare †The Nature This herbe is drie and temperate betwixt hoate and colde and of the same nature that Venus heare is †The Vertues Trichomanes after the minde of Dioscorides and Galen hath the same faculties in operation that Capillus Veneris hath Of Stone Liuerwort Chap. lxx †The Description STone Liuerwort spreadeth it selfe abroade vpon the ground hauing wrinckled or crimpled leaues layde one vpon another as the scales of fishe and are greene on the vpper part and browne on that side which is next the ground amongst the leaues there grow vp smal stemmes or twigges in the toppes wherof are certayne knappes or thinges like starres The rootes are like smal threddes growing vnder the leaues wherby it cleaueth and sticketh fast vpon the ground and vpon moyst or sweating rockes †The Place This herbe if a man may so cal it groweth in moyst groundes and stonie places and shadowie where as the Sonne shineth seldome ⧠The Tyme It bringeth foorth his starres in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lichen in Shoppes Hepatica in French Hepatique in high Almaigne Brunnenlebercraut or Steinlebercraut in base Almaigne Steenleuercruyt and Leuercruyt in Englishe Liuerwurt and Stone Liuerwort †The Nature Liuerwort is colde and drie of complexion Lichen †The Vertues The decoction of Liuerworte swageth the inflammation of the liuer openeth the stoppinges of the same and is very good agaynst Feuer tertians and all inflammations of blood This herbe as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth brused when it is yet greene and layd vpon woundes stoppeth the superfluous bleeding of the same and preserueth them both from inflammation and Apostemation The same doth also heale all foule scurffes and spreading scabbes as the Pockes and wilde fire and taketh away the markes and scarres made with hoate irons if it be pounde with hony and layde therevpon The same boyled in wine and holden in the mouth stoppeth the Catarrhes that is a distilling or falling downe of Reume or water and flegme from the the brayne to the throte Of Mosse Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be many sortes of Mosse whereof some growe in the feeldes some vpon trees trees and some in shadowie and moyst woods and some in the rockes of the sea †The Description THE first kinde of Mosse which groweth vpon trees and is most properly called Mosse is nothing els but a forte of small white leaues all iagged hackte or finely kerued twisted and enterlaced one in another without roote without flower or seede hanging and growing vpon trees 1. Muscus Mosse 2. Pulmonaria Lungwurt The seconde kinde groweth also about trees the whiche is called Lungwurt and it doth somwhat resemble Liuerwurt but that it is greater and larger with great scales layd one vpō another metely greene vpon one side and whitishe vpon the other side 3. Glodylockes Polytrichon or Golden Maydenheare 4. Ros Solis Sonne Dewe The third kind which some call Golden Polytrichon hath very small slender stalkes nothing so lōg as a mans hand couered with short heares of a browne greene colour changing vppon yellow the which doth sometymes put foorth other little bare stēmes with small graynes or seedes at the top Of this
sort is founde another smal kinde like vnto the aforesayd sauing that it is much lesse The fourth kinde called Rosa Solis hath reddishe leaues somewhat rounde hollowe rough with long stemmes almost fashioned lyke little spoones amongst the whiche commeth vp a short stalke crooked at the toppe and carrying little white flowers This herbe is of a very strange nature and maruelous for although that the Sonne do shine hoate and a long time thereon yet you shall finde it alwayes moyst and bedewed and the small heares thereof alwayes full of little droppes of water and the hoater the Sonne shineth vpon this herbe so muche the moystier it is and the more bedewed and for that cause it was called Ros Solis in Latine whiche is to say in Englishe The dewe of the Sonne or Sonnedewe 5. Lycopodium Woolfs Clawe 6. Muscus Marinus Coralin or Sea Mosse The sixth kinde of Mosse called Mosse of the Sea hath many smal stalkes harde and of a stony substance diuided into many ioyntes and many branches growe foorth togither from one hat or litle stony head by the whiche it is fastened vnto rockes 7. Muscus Marinus Theophrasti Fuci species Dioscoridis Slanke Wrake or Lauer. 8. Fuci marinispecies Wrake or Sea girdell The seuēth kind of Mosse wherof The ophrastus spreaketh is a plante without stalke or stemme hearing greene leaues crimpled full of wrinckles and broade not muche differing in fashion from the leaues of some Lettise but muche more wrinckled and drawen togither the whiche leaues come vp many togither growing vpon rockes The eight which is a kinde of Fucus Marinus hath long narrow leaues almost as narrow as a Leeke the roote is thicke ful of branches and rough heared taking holde vpon rockes †The Place The first kinde of Mosse groweth vpon trees especially there where as the grounde is nought Lungwurt groweth vpon Mossie trees in moyst sandie and shadowie places Golden Maydenheare or Goldylockes Polytrichon the Ros Solis and Woolfes clawe do growe in drie waterie Countries and also in feeldes that lye vnmanured or toyled and in some shadowy wooddes The Golden Polytrichon is very common The Sea Mosse groweth vpon stones and rockes in the Sea †The Names The first kind of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus of Serapio and in Shoppes Vsnea of Aetius Dorcadias in Frenche Mousse in high Douche Mosz in base Almaigne Mosch The best and most fittest for medicine is that whiche groweth vpon the Cedar tree and next to that is that whiche groweth vpon the Popler The seconde kinde is nowe called Pulmonaria in Latine in English Lungwort in high Douch Lungenkraut in base Almaigne Longencruyt in Frēch Herbe aux Poulmons The thirde is called in Douche Gulden Widdertodt in base Almaigne Gulden Wederdoot that is to say Golden Polytrichon of some Iung fraw hare Some thinke it to be Polytrichon Ipuleanum albeit there is but small similitude betwixt the one and the other for Apuleius his Polytrichon is the true Trichomanes of Dioscorides we may cal it in English Goldylockes Polytrichon in Frenche Polytrichon doré The fourth kinde is called in this Countrie Ros Solis in Frenche Rosee de Solcil in Douch Sondaw and of some Sindaw and Loopich truyt The fifth is called in high Douche Beerlap Gurtelkraut Seilkraut Harschar Teuffels clawen in Brabant Wolfs clawen and of some Wincruyt in some Shoppes Spica Celtica and is taken for the same of the vnlearned to the great detriment dammage and hurt of the sicke and diseased people What the Greeke or Latine name is I know not and therefore after the common name I do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lycopodion that is Pes Lupi in Latine and Pied de Loup in Frenche in Englishe Woolfes clawe The sixth kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Mosse of the Sea in Frenche Mousse Marine in Douche Zee Mosch in Shoppes it is called Corallina that is to say Herbe Corall and of the vnlearned Soldanella vnto whiche it beareth no kinde of lykenesse The seuenth is called also of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Sea Mosse with the large leaues in Frenche Mousse marine a larges fueilles in Brabant Zee Mosch it is to be thought that this is the first kinde of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Fucus or Alga whereof Dioscorides treateth in his fourth booke The eight is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fucus and Alga this is the second kind of Fucus in Dioscorides the which Theophrastus nameth also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Porrum bycause the leaues are lyke vnto Leeke blades †The Nature The Mosse is drie and astringent or of a binding qualitie without any manyfest heate or colde Lungworte is lyke to the aforesayde sauing that it cooleth more Golden Maydenheare and Woolfes Clawe are drie and temperate in heate and colde The Ros Solis is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree The Sea Mosse is colde drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Mosse in water is good for women to washe them selues in whiche haue to muche of their naturall sicknesse and put into the nose it stayeth bleeding to conclude it is very well and profitably put into all oyntmentes and oyles that be astringent The Physitions of our time do muche commend this Pulmonaria or Lungwort for the diseases of the lunges especially for the inflammations and vicers of the same if it be made into powder and dronke with water They say also that the same boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth spitting of blood pissing of blood the flowers of women and the laske or fluxe of the belly The same made into powder and cast into woundes stoppeth the bleeding and cureth them Ros Solis brused with Salt and bounde vppon the fleshe or bare skinne maketh blisters and holes euen as Cantharides as you may proue by experience The common sort of people do esteeme this herbe but especially the yellow water distilled of the same to be a singuler and special remedie for such as begin to drie away or are fallen into consumptions and for them that are troubled with the disease called Asthma whiche is a straightnesse in drawing of breath or with any vlceration in their lunges thinking that it is very consolidatiue and that it hath a special vertue to strengthen and nourish the body but that whiche we haue recited before concerning the vertue of this herbe declareth sufficiently that their opinion is false Men vse not Golden Maydenheare nor Woolfes Clawe in medicine Sea Mosse is af a very astringent and preseruing qualitie Therefore men lay it to the beginning of hoate tunours or swellinges and vpon all kindes of gowtes that require refreshing or cooling The same also is very good agaynst wormes
to be made in powder and giuen to take for it stayeth them and driueth them foorth mightily The two other sorts of Mosse of the Sea is also good against flegmons or hoate tumours and the hoate gowte if they be vsed as the first kinde of Sea Mosse commonly called Corallina Of Crowfoote Chap. lxxij †The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of Ranunculus or Crowfoote as Dioscorides and Galen do affirme whereof the first is of many sortes The one hath great thicke leaues the whiche is called Water Crowfoote The seconde hath white leaues and is called White Crowfoote The thirde hath blacke leaues the whiche is called Leopardes Clawes And these be comprised of Apuleius vnder the first kinde The seconde kinde hath rough stalkes and leaues the thirde is small with yellowe flowers The fourth hath white flowers Bysides these there be yet other Crowfootes the whiche growe commonly in gardens whiche are called Butter flowers the whiche are set foorth in the the lxxiiij Chapter And yet there be other as hereafter is declared †The Description Ranunculorum primum genus quadruplex Ranunculus palustris Water Crawfoote Ranunculus albus siue echinatus White Yrchin Crowfoote THE water Crowfoote hath white greene stalkes hollowe and smooth vppon the whiche growe leaues deepely cut or clouen almost lyke the leaues of Parsely or Smalache but muche whiter softer and thicker very hoate and burning in the mouth The flowers be pale in fashion lyke Golde cuppes The which being faded there come vp in their places little heades or knoppes almost lyke the first buddes of Asparagus The roote is compact of a number of white threddes The white or Yrching Crowfoote hath also playne whitishe stalkes vpon the whiche grow leaues also of a whitishe colour very deepely cut and clouen especially the vppermost almost lyke the leaues of Coriander The flowers be lyke them aforesayde when they be fallen away in place of euery flower commeth foure or fiue round graines or beries plat rough like yrching The roote is threddie lyke the other Ranunculus auricomus Golden Crowfoote Pulsatilla Mischieuous Passeflower Golden Crowfoote hath his first leaues somewhat round but afterwarde very muche cut and diuided of a browne greene colour speckled in the midle with brode spottes somwhat blacke or blackish drawing toward the colour of fire The flowers be of a fayre yellowe colour as golde and shining after the flowers there come vp rounde heades or buttons more rougher then the knoppes of water Crowfoote Of this sorte there is yet one kinde founde as Dioscorides and Apuleius are witnesses which beareth a purple flower and the same is yet vnknowen The second kind of Ranunculus that is called Illyricus hath thinne stalkes and thereon grow cut leaues and with white small soft heares the flowers be of a pale yellowe the seede is as the other but the rootes are otherwise and be as many and somwhat more then the wheate or barlie cornes ioyning togither out of the whiche some threddes sprout with the whiche it setteth foorth and multiplieth Of this kind there is yet also another strange Ranunculus and it hath long narrow leaues as grasse of colour after white and blew drawing it out of the greene The flowers seedes are as the aforesaid but the rootes are threddie To this kind of Ranuculus is drawen another herbe which is called Passe-flower and it hath rough hearie stemmes all iagged and small cut or splitte sometimes thicke maned and lying for the most part vpon the grounde at the highest of the stalkes growe flowers almost after the fashion of little Cymballes hauing in the insyde smal yellowe threedes as in the middle of a Rose of colour most purple browne sometimes white and in some places red or yellow and whan the flowers be fallen there commeth vp a round head couered ouer with a certayne gray and browne heare Ranunculus Illyricus Ranunculus Lusitanicus The thirde kinde of Ranunculus is lesser and lower then the aforesayde his leaues be broade and vndiuided and slipperie betweene these two there groweth a stalke and one flower therevpon lyke vnto the other of a fayre yellow colour lyke vnto golde and of a very pleasant smel The rootes are of many cornes gathered the whiche be longer then the rootes of Ranunculus Illyricus The fourth kinde groweth high and hath brode leaues like vnto the Leopardes clawes but bigger the flowers are fashioned as the other of colour white The rootes are muche threeddie Byside these kindes of Ranunculus is yet another stange kind reckoned the whiche is called Troll flowers and it hath great leaues diuided into many partes and cutte rounde about the flowers growe vppermoste of the stalke and are yellow lyke vnto gold fashioned lyke the flowers of Ranunculus but bigger and not whole open but abiding halfe shut thereafter folowe many small coddes togither in the whiche the seede lyeth The rootes are muche threddie Ranunculus albo flore Crowfoote with white flowers Ranunculus flore globoso Trol flowers †The Place Crowfoote of the water groweth in ditches and standing waters sometimes also in medowes and lowe sandy groundes especially in moyst yeres The white and golden Crowfoote groweth in medowes moyst feldes These three kindes be common in this Countrie The seconde kinde of Crowfoote groweth in the Countrie of Illyria and Sardine and loueth sandy and drie ground that is vntoyled and is founde in many places of Fraunce and Almaigne In this Countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens The third Ranunculus is found vpon certaine mountaines in the Countrie of Portingal and of Ciuil The fourth is here in this Countrie very strange The Trol flowers grow vpon the mountaynes of Switserlande †The Tyme The kindes of Crowfootes flower from April til Iune sometimes later †The Names Crowfoote is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ranunculus of Apuleius Herba seelerata in high Douche Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Hanenvoet that is to say Cockes foote in French Bassinet in Spanish Yerua belida in Italian Pie Coruino The first of the first kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium palustre and Ranunculus palustris in Frenche Grenoillette aquatique or Bassinet deaue in high Douch Wasser epffs Wasser hanenfusz in neather Douchlande Water hanenvoet It may be called in English Water or Marrish Crowfoote The seconde is nowe called in Latine Ranunculus echinatus in Frenche Grenoillette Herissonnée in high Douche Weisz Hanenfusz Ackerhanenfusz in Brabant Witte Hanenvoet in French Bassinet blanc in English White Crowfoote or Vrchin Crowfoote The thirde is called Ranunculus auricomus in Frenche Grenoillette dorée in high Douch Wisen Hanenfusz Schwartz Hanenfusz and Geelb Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Lupaerts clawen and according to the same it is called in Latine Pes Leopardi that is to say Leopardes foote Crowfoote and Golden Crowfoote The second kinde is called Herba Sardoa Apium syluestre Apium rusticum Apiastrum and Apium
the common Melilot †The Description The true and right Melilot hath rounde stalkes the leaues iagged rounde about not muche vnlyke the leaues of Fenugreck alwayes growing three and three togither like to the Trefoyl The flowers be yellow and smal growing thicke togither in a tuft the which past there come in their places a many of small crooked huskes or coddes wheru◠the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and full of small hearie threddes The common Melilot hath rounde stalkes about two or three foote long full or branches The leaues do alwayes grow by three and three lyke to Trefoyl hacked rounde about lyke the leaues of Fenugreck or the right Melilot The flowers be yellow clustering togither after the fashion or order of spike the whiche vanished there come vp small huskes whiche conteyne the seede The roote is long al the herbe with his flowers is of a right good sauour specially whan it is drie †The Place The right Melilot groweth plentifully in Italy especially in the Countrie of Campania neare the Towne of Nola. In this Countrie the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The common Melilot groweth in this Countrie in the edges and borders of fieldes and medowes alongst by diches and trenches Melilotus Italica The right Melilot Melilotus Germanica The common Melilot †The Tyme These two kindes of Melilot do flower in Iuly and August during which time they yeelde their coddes and seedes †The Names Melilot is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melilotus and Sertula Campana The first kinde of these herbes is taken at Rome and in Italy for Melilot therfore is called Melilotus Italica that is to say Italian Melilot in French Melilot d'Italie and in Douche Italiansche or Roomsche Melilote The other kinde is called in Shoppes of this Countrie and of Almaigne Melilotus and is vsed for the same and hereof it commeth to passe that men cal it Melilotus Germanica in Frenche Melilot vulgaire in base Alemaigne Ghemeyne or Douche Melilote Some do also call it Saxifraga lutea that is saye Yellow Saxifrage and in high Douche Grosse steinklee in Englishe The common and best knowen Melilot ¶ The Nature Melilot is hoate and partly of an astringent nature and hath part of a digesting consuming dissoluing and riping power †The Vertues Melilote boyled by it selfe in sweete wine or with the yolke of a rosted egge or the meale of Fenugreck or Lineseed or with the fine flower of meale or with Cichorie doth smage and soften all kindes of hoate swellinges especially those that chaunce in the eyes the matrix or mother the fundement and genitors or coddes being layde thereto If it be layde to with Gawles or Chalke or with good wine it healeth the scurffe and suche sores as yeelde corrupt matter or filthe The same rawe and pounde or sodde in wine swageth the payne of the stomacke and dissolueth the impostumes and swellinges of the same being layde thereto The iuyce of the same dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of them and layde to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger cureth the head ache The common Melilote is vsed and found good for all suche thinges as the other serueth it is most vsed to swage and slake payne as the flower of Camomil is The same boyled in wine and dronke prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone and swageth the payne of the kidneyes the bladder and belly and ripeth fleme causing it to be easily cast foorth The iuyce therof dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and doth consume dissolue and take away the web pearle or spot of the eye Of Horned Clauer / or Medic fother Chap. xl Medica Spanish Clauer Italian or Spanishe Clauer †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Medica the which we haue seene in this Countrie The first kind hath flat huskes and turned or folded rounde togither The other hath long rough sharpe poynted huskes turning in also togither lyke a Rammes horne or Snayle as Turner writeth otherwise one muche lyke to the other There is also a thirde kinde wherof both Turner and this Aucthor do write †The Description THe first kind of Medica hath many rounde tender stalkes which grow not vpright but are spread abrode vpon the grounde like the common medow Trefoyl The leaues be like them of the commō Trefoyl The flowers be small of a pale yellowish colour for the most part they grow three and three togither The which once past there grow vp flat huskes or coddes turned round togither like a water snayle wherein the seede is conteyned the whiche is flat The roote is leane or slender and withereth or perisheth in this Countrie after that it hath once borne seede The second kind of Medica is much like the other in stalkes leaues The cods only be not so flat but longer sharpe pointed wherin is a sede like to the other The third kind hath many stalkes growing almost right vp theron leaues like vnto the other The flowers grow in tuftes almost like to the cōmon Trefoyl of color faire purple blew somtimes yellow therafter folow many roūd flat cods turned togither of that which eche asunder about the bignes of a Lentil The roote of this is long and continueth many yeres especially in Spayne Bysides these there is yet another kind of Medica or strange Trefoyl that which lieth not alōgst the ground but standeth-vpright a foote a halfe or two foote long It hath hard round stalkes diuided into diuers branches vpō the which grow meetly large leaues gray thicke three vpō one stemme almost like the leaues of Trefoyl or Fenugreck but muche lesse The flowers be white mixt with Crymsen or Carnation color Al the herbe aswel the stalkes as leaues is whitish and couered with a soft and gentle cotton or woolly roughnesse †The Place These kindes of Trefoyl growe in Spayne They growe not of their owne kinde in this Countrie but are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Medica flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and within short space after commeth foorth his crooked of crompled huskes The fourth kind flowreth in this Countrie at the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names The first two haue no certaine name which is knowē vnto vs therfore haue we named them in Latine Trifolia cochleata in Douche Gedrayde Claueren in French Treste au limason in English Horned Trefoyl or Clauer bycause their coddes veturned as water snayles wherein the seede is conteyned The third is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Medica in Spanish Alfafa after the Arabian name Fasfasa or Alfasfasa with the whiche Medica of Auicenna is named in Douch Spaensche Claueren in Englishe Spanish Trefoyl The fourth kind is counted of some to be Glaux of some to be Anthyllis of others it is taken for Polygala †The Nature Medica is of a colde nature †The Vertues Medica is good against
that in proportion of flowers and pouches it is like to Red Rattel in high Douch Geel Rodel in base Almaigne Geel and witte RateleÌ„ of some Hanekammekens that is to say Hennes Commes or Coxecombes also yellowe or white Rattel This may wel be that herbe whereof Plinie writeth in his xviii booke the xxviii Chapter and there is called Nimmulus the which is very hurtfull to medowes ¶ The Nature Both of these herbes are colde drie and astringent †The Vertues Redde Rattel is taken of the Physitions in these dayes against the fluxe menstruall and all other issue of blood boyled in wine and drunken The other kinde hath no peculier vertue that I knowe Of the Thistel Chameleon Chap. lvii †The Kindes Chamaeleon is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the white and the blacke The figures which my Aucthor attributeth to Leucacantha wil agree well with this description and they be so placed of Matthiolus †The Description THe great Chameleon hath great brode prickley leaues not much vnlike the wilde Thistle but rougher sharper the which leaues are greater stronger grosser then the leaues of the blacke Chameleon amongst which leaues there riseth immediatly from the roote a prickley head or bowle almost like the heades of Hartichokes and beareth a purple thrommed flower like veluet The seede is almost lyke the seede of bastarde saffron The roote is long and white within of a sweete taste and aromaticall smell The blacke Chameleons leaues are also almost lyke to the leaues of the wilde Thistel but smaller and finer and sprinckled or spotted with red spottes The stemme is reddish or browne red of the bignesse of a finger groweth to the height of a foote whervpoÌ„ grow round heades with smal prickley flowers of diuers coloures whereof eche flower is not much vnlyke the flowers of the Hyacynthe The roote is great firme or strong blacke without and yellowish within sharpe and biting the tongue the whiche for the most part is found as it were already tasted or bitten †The Place The white Chameleon groweth vpon hilles and mountaynes such lyke vntoyled places Yet for all that it desyreth good grounde It is founde in Spayne in the region of Arragon by the high way sides The blacke groweth in drye soyles and places neare the Sea †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo albus of Apuleius Carduus syluaticus of some also Erisisceptrum lxâ—â— Carduus varinus Carduus irinus Carduus lacteus Matthiolus sayth that the Italians cal this herbe Carlina in Spayne Cardo pinto in Frenche Carline The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo niger of some Pancarpon Vlophonon Cynomazon Cynoxylon Ocymoides Cnidos coccos Carduus niger Veruilago Vstilago c. Both these kindes are vnknowen in this Countrie ⧠The Nature Chameleon is temperate in heate and drynes specially the blacke the which is almost hoate in the seconde degree and altogither drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of the white Chameleon dronken with redde wine wherin Origanum hath bene sodden killeth and bringeth foorth large or brode wormes The same boyled in good wine is very good for such as haue the Dropsie and strangurie for it delayeth the swelling of them that haue the Dropsie and dispatcheth vrine It is good against al kindes of venome or poyson that may be giuen The roote of the blacke Chameleon is not very meete to be receiued inwardly for it is indued with a certayne hidden euill qualitie as Galen sayth and therefore it was neuer ministred of the Auncientes but in outward medicines The same with a litle Copperose and Swines grease healeth the scabbe and if you put thereto of Brimstone and Rosen or Tarre it wil heale the hoate running or creeping scabbe or scurffe foule tetters and all noughtie itche or manginesse The same layde to in the Sonne but onely with Brimstone putteth away the creeping scabbe and tetter white spottes sonne burning and other suche deformities of the face The decoction of this roote boyled in water or vineger being holden in the mouth healeth the tooth ache The lyke propertie hath the roote broken or brused with Pepper and Salt to be applyed and layde vppon the noughtie tooth Of Sea Holly Chap. lviij †The Kindes IN this Countrie is founde two kindes of Eryngium the one called the great Eryngium or Eryngium of the Sea and the other is called but Eryngium onely Eryngium marinum Sea Holly Eryngium vulgare The hundred headed Thistel †The Description THE great Eryngium hath great large whitishe somewhat rounde and thicke leaues a litle crompled or cronkeled about the edges set here and there with certayne prickles rounde about vppon the edges the sayde leaues be of an aromaticall or spicelyke taste The stalkes be rounde and growe about the height of a foote of a reddishe colour belowe neare the grounde vpon the toppes of the branches come foorth round knoppie and sharpe prickley heades about the quantitie of a nut set rounde about full of small flowers most commonly of a Celestiall or skie colour and in this Countrie they haue small tippes or white markes And harde ioyning vnder the flowers grow fiue or fixe small prickley leaues set in compasse round about the stalke like a starre the whiche with the vppermost part of the stemme are altogither of a skie colour in this Countrey The roote is of ten or twelue foote long and oftentimes so long that you cannot drawe it vp whole as bigge as ones finger full of ioyntes by spaces and of a pleasant taste The seconde kinde hath broade crompled leaues al to pounced and iagged whitish set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalke is of a foote long with many branches at the toppe whereof growe rounde rough and prickle bullettes or knoppes like to the heades of Sea Holly or Huluer but muche smaller vnderneath which knoppes grow also fiue or fixe small narrow sharpe leaues set rounde about the stemme after the fashion of Starres The roote is long and playne or single as bigge as a mans finger blackishe without and white within †The Place Erynge as Dioscorides writeth groweth in rough vntoyled feeldes it is founde in this Countrie in Zealand Flaunders vpon banckes and alongst by the Sea coast The common Erynge groweth also in this Countrie in the like places it groweth also in Almaigne alongst by the riuer Rhene and in drie Countries by the high wayes There is plentie growing about Strasbourge †The Tyme Both these kindes do bring foorth their flowers in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly ⧠The Names The first kinde of these Thistels is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eryngium Plinie calleth it also Erynge the writers of our time cal it Eryngium marinum the Arabians with the Apothecaries cal it Iringus in Almaigne Cruyswortele and Endeloos and in some places of Flaunders Meere wortele in
I knowe except as some do write that in Italy they boyle the round heades with flesh and eate them like Hartechokes Of white Cotton Thistel Chap. lciiij †The Description ACanthium is not muche vnlyke our Ladies Thistell it beareth great large leaues al to mangled and cut by the edges and set full of sharpe prickles couered and layd ouer with a fine Cotton or soft downe The stalke is great thicke set full of prickiey stings at the top of the stalkes are rough heades in sashion like to the heades of our Ladies Thistel The roote is great and thicke †The Place This Thistell groweth here by the high wayes and borders of feeldes and in sandy vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth from the moneth of Iune vnto the eude of August and sometimes longer †The Names This Thistel is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthium in high Douche Weisz wege distel in neather Douche laude Witte wech Distel and Wilde or Groote witte Distel in Frenche Chardon argentin or Chardon saluage in Englishe White Cotton Thistell Wilde white Thistell and Argentine or Siluer Thistel Acanthium †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen write that the leaues or rootes of Acanthium dronken are good for such as are troubled with the cricke or shrinking of sinewes by meanes of the Crampe Of Granke Orsine Chap. lxv †The Kyndes BRanke Vrsine called Acanthos in Greeke is of two sortes as Dioscorides sayth to wit the garden and wilde Branke Vrsine †The Description The tame Acanthus hath great large leaues of a sadde greene color thicke and grosse smooth deepely cut in rent or iagged by the sydes or borders lyke the leaues of white Senuie or Roquet The stalke is long of the bignesse of ones finger couered with long little and sharpe poynted leaues euen all alongst vp to the toppe amongst the leaues doo growe fayre white flowers and after them broade huskes wherein is founde a yellowish seede The rootes be long and slymie The wild Acanthus is lyke to the wild Thistell rough and prickley but smaller then the aforesayde as Dioscorides writeth It is of leaues flowers and seede growing vpwarde lyke vnto the tame †The Place Branke Vrsine groweth in gardens and in moyst stonie places as Dioscorides sayth In this Countrie it is founde but onely in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme The garden Branke Vrsine flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and sometimes later Acanthus satiuus Branke Vrsine †The Names The tame or garden Branke Vrsine is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthus and Acantha of some Paederota Herpacantha Melamphyllon Topiaria Marmoraria and Craepula in the Shoppes of Italy and France Branca Vrsina in Englishe Branke Vrsine in Frenche Branche Vrsine in high Douche Bernklaw in base Almaigne Beerenclauw It is knowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie for they vse in stede of the same the herbe described in the next Chapt. Cooper in his Dictionarie calleth it Branke Vrsine Beare Briche and not Bearefoote as some haue taken it The wylde is called of Dioscorides Acanthus syluestris that is to say the wilde Acanthus †The Nature The roote of Acanthus is drie and temperate in heate †The Vertues The rootes of Acanthus taken in drinke do prouoke vrine and stoppe the belly They be excellent for suche as be troubled with crampes or drawing togither of sinewes and for such as be broken and those that haue the Ptysike or consumption or consuming feuer The same greene is good against burning and members out of ioynt and with the same is made very good playsters agaynst the gowte of the handes and feete Dioscorides saith that the wilde Acanthus hath the same vertue Of Douch Branck vrsine Chap. lxvi †The Description THE wilde Carrot or Cow Parsenep hath great rough blacke leaues much clouen diuided into fiue or sixe lesser leaues The stalke is long round and holowe within full of ioyntes and sometimes of an inche thicke at the top of the stalkes growe spokie flowers which are white after commeth the seede whiche is broade and flatte The roote is white and long ¶ The Place The wilde Carrot groweth alongst the borders of feeldes and in lowe grassie places and medowes †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and in this space the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in high and base Almaigne Branca vrsina and of some writers of our time Pseudacanthus or Acanthus Germanica in Frenche Panaiz sauuage in Douche Bernclaw or Berntaisz in Brabant Beerenclauw in English Wild Carrot or Douche Brank vrsine Some take it to be the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spondylium Turner calleth it Cowe Parsnep or Medo Parsnep †The Nature Medow or Cow Parsnep is of a manifest warme complexion Branca vrsina Germanica Wild Carrot or Cow Parsnep †The Vertues Douche Branck vrsine doth consume and dissolue colde swellinges if it be brused and layde therevpon The people of Polonia and Lituania vse to make drinke with the decoction of this herbe and leauen or some suche lyke thing the whiche they vse in steede of Bier or other ordinarie drinke Turner ascribeth moe Vertues to his Spondilion Of Carline Thistel Chap. lxvij †The Kindes OF this kind of thistel there be two sorts The one beareth white flowers vpon a stalke of a handful and a halfe long or somwhat more The other beareth a red flower without stemme Leucacantha Carlina White Caroline Thistel Spina Arabica Carlina minor The Arabian thistel or the lesser Caroline †The Description THE white Carline hath long narrow rough and prickley leaues deepely cut and mingled vpon both sides or edges and they haue red sinewes or ribbes in the middest of the leaues from amongst those leaues springeth vp a stemme or stalke of a handfull and a halfe long or somewhat more bearing suche leaues as aforesayd vpon whiche stemme groweth a round flat head set round about with sharpe prickles lyke the shelles or huskes of the Chestnut the which head or knappe is open wide aboue in the middle and thromde lyke Veluet and rounde about that Veluet throm or Crowne standeth a pale or inclosure of proper small white leaues whiche is the flower the flowers being past you shall finde a narrowe gray seede amongst the fine heare or downe The roote is long and rounde most commonly split diuided through the middest of apleasant smell and sharpe bitter taste The seconde kinde is lyke the other in leaues and rootes but it is smaller The flowers be of a fayre redde colour lyke the rose and growe harde by the leaues immediatly from the roote without stalke ' almost lying harde by the grounde The roote is reddish and of a strong smell †The Place The white Carline groweth in many places of Italy and Douchlande vpon high rough hilles The Herboristes
of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland and in Fraunce as Ruellius writeth it is yet vnknowen to vs. †The Tyme These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August †The Names The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the whiche name is distinct and separated from Acantha leuce as Dioscorides writeth of some it is called Polygonatum Phyllon and Ischias of the Auncient Romaynes Spina alba nowe they call it Carlina or Carolina bycause of Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romaynes vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence some call it also Cardopatium in Frenche Carline in high Douche Eberwurtz Grosz Eberwurtz and Waisz Eberwurtz in base Almaigne Euerwortele Witte Euerwortele and Carlina The other is also a kinde of Carline and is called in Frenche Petite Carline in high Douch Klein Eberwurtz and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele and Cleyne Carlina Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel whiche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina Arabica of some Acanthis and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha †The Nature The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree and drie in the thirde †The Vertues The roote of Carline boyled in wine is very good for the olde greefes of the side and against the Sciatica if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden The same taken in lyke manner is good for them that are bursten and troubled with the Crampe or drawing togither of the sinewes The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence for as we may reade al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence The same roote holden in the mouth is good against the tooth ache The same layde to with vineger healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche The lesser Carline is the Thistel which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha it stoppeth all issue of blood the inordinate course of womens flowers and the falling downe of Rheumes and Catarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes so that it be eaten Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues called in English Saint Marie Thistel Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus if theirallegations be true this place is to be amended Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne The figures here expressed Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon and to Leucacantha he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie or our Ladyes Thistel whereof we haue before written Chapt. 63. Of Wilde Caroline Chap. lxviij †The Description THis Thistel hath loÌ„g narrow leaues deeply cut vpon both edges or sides and prickley much lyke to the leaues of Carlina from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme about a foote high set ful of such leaues as are before described at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle and about the roundnesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower To conclude the knoppes with their prickles flowers and seede do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline sauing they be smaller paler turning towardes yellowe The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue †The Place This Thistel groweth in this Countrie in rude vntoyled places about the high wayes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August Carlina syluestris †The Names This Thistel is called in high Douch Dreydistel Frauwen Distel and Seuw Distel and in base Almaigne likewise Dryedistel It shoulde seeme that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris that is to say Wilde Carline It may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acorna of Theophraste †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion But what vertue or working it is of is yet vnknowen Of wilde bastarde Saffron Chap. lxix †The Description THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus that is to saye the right Bastarde Saffron The leaues be rough and prickley the little heades or knoppes are deckte with many small narrow leaues sharpe pointed and pricking out of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers lyke as in Carthamus of a faynt yellowishe colour but much paler than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past there is founde within the knoppie heades a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus but browner ¶ The Place This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atractilis Syluestris Cnecus Fusus agreâ—â—is Colus rustica of some also Amyron Aspidion Aphedron and PrÄ™sepium they call it nowe a dayes Syluestris Carthamus in French Quenoille rustique Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus vnknowen in Shoppes in Englishe Wilde Carthamus or Wilde bastarde Saffron †The Nature Wild bastard Saffron hath a drying qualitie and partly digestiue †The Vertues The tender Croppes leaues and seede of this Thistel wel brayed with Pepper and wine is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions Men say also as Dioscorides hath written that such as be stongue with the Scorpion do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes but as soone as they let it goe the ache and payne taketh them agayne Atractilis Of Blessed Thistel Chap. lxx †The Description BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues deepely cut and parted on both sides or edges The stalkes be also rough hearie creeping or rather lying vpon the ground and set full of smal leaues but lyke the other it beareth rough knoppes or heades beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted little prickley leaues out of whiche growe the flowers of a faint yellowish colour The whiche being past and gone there is founde in the knoppes a long gray seede bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cotton The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes †The Place This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens Atractilis birsutior †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is also taken of Plinie and Theophrast for a kind of Atractilis and they call it Atractilis hirsutior It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus benedictus and Cardo benedictus and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss in high Douch Cardobenedict and Besegneter Distel in base Almaigne
white kernel or nut in tast almost lyke to the Chestnut †The Place The first groweth by the way sides and neare vnto waters in vntoyled places It is founde in Italy and some places of Fraunce It groweth abundantly in Thracia Tribulus aquaticus Saligot Saligot is found in certayne places of this Countrie as in stues pondes of cleare water †The Tyme Grounde Tribulus flowreth in Iune and after that it bringeth foorth his prickley seede †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus and Tribulus terrestris This is the first kinde of Tribulus terrestris or grounde Tribulus described of Theophrastus for he setteth foorth two sortes as we haue before sayde that is to say one bearing leaues lyke Ciche peason whereof we haue nowe geuen you the figure to beholde and the other hauing prickley leaues for which cause it is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phyllacanthus that is to say the prickley leafe The seconde kinde seemeth to be that kinde of Grounde Tribulus which Dioscorides speaketh of in his fourth booke whiche kinde is yet to vs vnknowen That whiche groweth in the water is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus aquaticus in French Chastaignes d'eau and Saligot in high Douch Wassernusz Weihernusz Stachelnusz Spitz nusz in base Almaigne Water Noten and of some Minckysers in English Water Nuttes and Saligot †The Nature Grounde Tribulus is colde and astringent is Galen writeth The Saligot is also of the same complexion but moyster †The Vertues The greene Nuttes or fruite being dronken is good for them whiche are troubled with the stone and grauell The same dronken or layde to outwardly helpeth those that are bitten of Vipers And dronken in wine it resisteth all venome and poyson The leaues of Saligot or water Tribulus are very good to be laide plasterwise vpon all vlcers and hoate swellinges They be good also agaynst the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth the putrefaction and corruption of the Iawes or gummes and against the kings euill and swellinges of the throte The iuyce of them is good to be put into collyries medicines for the eyes They vse to giue the powder of the Nuttes to be dronken in wine to suche as pisse blood and are troubled with grauell Also in time of scarsitie they vse to eate them as foode but they nourish but litle and do stoppe the belly very muche Of Madder Chap. lxxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Madder the tame Madder the whiche they vse to plant and sowe and the wild Madder which groweth of his owne kinde Rubia satiua Garden Madder Rubia syluestris Wilde Madder †The Description THE husbanded or garden Madder hath long stalkes or branches square rough and full of ioyntes and at euery ioynt set rounde with greene narrowe leaues fashioned lyke a Starre the flowers growe about the top of the branches lyke as in the wilde Madder of a faynt colour changing vpon yellow after which commeth a rounde seede at the first greene then red and at the last blacke The roote is very long small and red The wilde Madder is lyke to that of the garden but it is smaller and not so rough The flowers are white The roote very smal tender and somtimes also reddish †The Place The husbanded Madder is planted in Zeelande and Flaunders and in some places of Brabant by Berrow in good and fertill grounde The wilde groweth generally of it selfe alongst the feeldes vnder hedges and bushes †The Tyme They do both flower in Iuly and August †The Names Madder is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rubia in Shoppes Rubia tinctorum in high Douche Rodte in base Almaigne Rotte most commonly Mee and they call the powder of the Rotte Meecrappen in Frenche Garance in English Madder The wilde is called Rubia syluestris and of some learned men is thought to be Alysson of Plinie it is named Mollogo ⧠The Nature Garden Madder is drie of Complexion †The Vertues The roote of garden Madder boyled in Meade or honied water and dronken openeth the stopping of the liuer the melt the kidneyes and matrix it is good against the Iaunders and bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse The same taken in the like manner prouoketh vrine vehemently in somuch that the often vse thereof causeth one to pisse blood The decoction of the same dronken or the powder therof dronken in wine dissolueth clotted or congeled blood in the body and is good for such as are fallen from high and are brused or bursten within Men giue the iuyce of the roote to such as be hurt with venemous beastes and also the wine wherein the rootes and leaues haue boyled The seede thereof taken with Oximel or honied vineger doth swage and make lesse the Melt and healeth the hardnesse thereof The roote put vp vnder into the natural place of conception in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie bringeth foorth the birth the flowers and secundines The roote brused or pounde very small healeth al scuruie itche and manginesse or foulenesse of the body with spottes of diuers colours especially layde to with vineger as Droscorides teacheth The wilde Madder is not vsed in Medicine Of Goosegrasse / or Cliuer Chap. lxxiiij †The Description CLiuer or Goosegrasse hath many smal square branches rough sharpe full of ioyntes about whiche branches at euery ioynt growe long narrowe leaues after the fashion of Starres or lyke the leaues of Madder but smaller and rougher out of the same ioyntes grow litle branches bearing white flowers and afterwarde rounde rough seedes most commonly two vppon a stemme All the herbe his branches leaues and sede do cleaue and sticke fast to euery thing that it toucheth it is so sharpe that being drawen alongst the tongue it wil make it to bleede †The Place This herbe groweth in all places in hedges and bushes †The Tyme It flowreth and beareth seede al the Sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aparine in Frenche Grateron in high Douche Klebkraut in base Almaigne Cleefcruyt in Englishe Goose-grasse Cliuer and Gooseshare †The Nature Clyuer is drie of complexion †The Vertues They driuke the iuyce of the leaues sede of Goosegrasse against the bitings and stinginges of venemous beastes The same dropped into the eares healeth the payne and ache of the same This herbe pounde and layde vnto freshe woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same pounde with Hogges grease it dissolueth consumeth the disease of the necke called the kinges euil and al hard kernelles and wennes wheresoeuer they be if it be laid therto as Turner writeth Aparine Of Gallion Chap. lxxv †The Description GAllion hath small rounde euen stemmes with very small narrowe leaues growing by spaces at the ioyntes round about the stemme starre fashion
Beetes doo seede in August a yeere after their first sowing Beta nigra Romana The strange red Beete †The Names Beetes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Beta in Frenche Bete Iotte Porée in high Douch Mangolt in base Almaigne Beete The white kind is called Sicula and of some Sicelica or Sicla of the writer in our time Beta candida in Englishe The white Beete in French Bete blanche in high Douche Weisser Sangolt in base Almaigne Witte Beete The common red Beete is called Beta nigra in French Bete rouge in Douch Roter Mangol and Roode Beete The thirde is called Beta nigra Romana that is to say The Romayne or strange red Beete in Frenche Bete rouge Romaine or Estrangere in Douch Roomsche roode Beete of some Rapa rubra albeit this is no kind of Rape or Naueau †The Nature Beetes are hoate drie and abstersiue especially the white Beete the which is of a more abstersiue and clensing nature †The Vertues The iuyce of the white Beete dronken openeth the belly and clenseth the stomacke but it must not be vsed to often for it hurteth the stomacke The same with hony powred into a mans nose purgeth the braine and openeth the stoppinges of the nose thrilles and swageth the headache The same powred into the eares taketh away the paynes in the same and also the singing or humming noyse of the same The rawe leaues of Beetes pounde and layde to heale the white scurffe so that the place be first rubbed well with Saltpeter The same raw leaues pound are very good to be laid vpon spreading sores vpon the roome or noughty scales and scurffe which causeth the heare to fal of The leaues sodden are layd to as an emplaister vppon burninges and scaldinges hoate inflammations and wheales comming of choler and blood The broth of Beetes scoureth away the scuruie scales nittes and lice of the head being washed therwithall and is good for mouled or kybed heeles to be stued or soked in the same The rootes of Beetes put as a suppositorie into the fundement doth soften the belly Beetes vsed in meates nourisheth but litle but it is good for them that are splenitike for being so vsed it openeth the stoppings of the liuer melt or splene The common red Beete boyled with Lentils and taken before meate stoppeth the belly The roote of the Romaine or strange red Beete is boyled and caten with oyle and vineger before other meates and sometimes with pepper as they vse to eate the common Parsenep Of Colewurtes / and Cabbage Cole Chap. vi †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Colewurtes not muche lyke one another the which be al comprehended vnder two kindes whereof one kinde is of the garden and the other is wild Agayne these Colewurtes are diuided into other kindes for of the garden Colewurtes some be white and some be red and yet of them againe be diuers kindes Brassica Tritiana siue Capitata Brassica Pompeiana aut Cypria †The Description THE first kinde of white Colewurtes is the common white lofed or close Cabbage that which hath great large leaues ful of grosse veynes ribbes or sinewes whereof the first leaues before the closing of the Cabbage are of a white greene colour but the others folowing next vnder them are as white as snow the which do grow so closely layd folden harde one with and vpon another that they are lyke to a great globe or round bowle These Colewurtes winter being once gone past do spreade abrode by vnfolding them selues and doo bring foorth both flowers and seede as the other Colewurtes doo The seconde kinde of white Colewurtes is that whiche they call Sauoye Colewurtes It is very much like to the white lofed Cabbage so it closeth but nothing so firmely neither is it so great nor so round as the aforesayd but it abideth smaller and in shape longer This kind of Colewurtes cannot abide the colde for most commonly it decayeth as soone as it beginneth to freese Neuerthelesse the winter being caulme as it was in the yeere of our Redeemer M. D. LX. after winter it bringeth foorth his stalke with fayre white flowers and afterwarde his seede in small coddes lyke to the other Colewurtes The third kind of white Colewurtes is very strange and is named Flowrie or Cypresse Colewurtes It hath grayishe leaues at the beginning lyke to the white Colewurtes and afterwarde in the middle of the same leaues in the steede of the thicke Cabbaged or lofed leaues it putteth forth many smal white stemmes grosse and gentle with many short branches growing for the most part al of one height thicke set and fast throng togither These little stemmes so growing togither are named the flower of these Colewurtes The fourth kinde hath grayish or white greene leaues as the other white Colewurtes haue but they remayne still without closing or gathering to a rounde head or croppe yet it beareth a great round knoppe like a Turnep the which groweth right vnder the leaues euen hard vpon the ground is white within lyke a Turnep and is euen so drest and prepared to be eaten There is also a very strange kinde of Cole whiche is also set amongst the white kindes of Colewurtes and is now called swart or blacke Colewurtes It hath long high stemmes and great broade swartgreene leaues the which are vneuenly wrinkled or crompled The flowers be yellowe The seede and coddes are very well lyke the other Colewurtes †The Description of the redde Colewurtes The first kinde of red Colewurtes hath great brode and smoth brownish darke red greene leaues with reddish ribbes or veynes going through them The flowers be yellow and the coddes or huskes be long and slender the seede is small and round browne without and yellow within muche like to Rape seede but it is bigger The seconde kinde his leaues at the beginning are lyke to the leaues of the former but afterwarde the middle leaues do gather them selues togither and lie one vpon another like the white Cabbage or lofed Cole the whiche be of a red or purple colour The thirde kinde of red Colewurtes his leaues be al to cut and iagged els it is like both in colour flowers and seede to the first The fourth kinde his leaues be ruft crompled and drawen togither or curled the rest is lyke to the former red kindes Brassica Cumana siue rubra Red Colewurtes Brassica Sabellica siue crispa Ruffed or curled Colewurtes †The Place Al these kindes of Colewurtes are planted in gardens of this Countrie But the fifth kinde is sometimes sowen in the feeldes lyke Rapes †The Time The best Colewurtes are they whiche be sowen in Marche and planted againe in May for they wil be redy to be eaten in winter and if they abyde the winter they wil flower in March and April and the seede is ripe in May. But some kindes especially the white Cabbage Cole or lofed Colewurtes is
maior that is to say Great Groundswell in Brabant groot Cruyscruyt and of some Silsom in Frenche Grand Seneceon The seconde is called in Latine Senecio minor that is to say the lesse Groundswel in French Petit Senesson in Douch Cruyscruyt or cleyn Cruyscruyt the whiche is well knowen The thirde sort is a right Erigeron Senecio especially that which Theophras describeth for as it is abouesayde his flowers waxe sodenly white hoare from whēce it hath to name Erigeron Conrade Gesner calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and placeth it with the kindes of Conyza †The Nature Erigeron as Paulus writeth hath somewhat a cooling nature but yet digestiue †The Vertues The leaues and stalkes of Groundswell boyled in water or sweete wine and dronken healeth the ache of the stomacke that riseth of choler The leaues and flowers alone or stamped with a litle wine are good to be layde to the burning heate or inflammation of the stones and fundement The same mingled with the fine powder of Frankencense healeth all woundes especially of the sinewes being layd thereto The downe of the flowers layde to with a litle Saffron water are good for bleared and dropping eyes The same with a litle salt doth wast consume the kinges euil or strumes of the necke The small Groundswell is good to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vineger and is no euill or vnholsome foode Of Letuce Chap. xviij ¶ The Kindes OF Letuce are two sortes the garden and wilde Letuce and of the garden Letuce are sundrie sortes †The Description THe first kind of garden Letuce hath long brode leaues euen playne and smothe the whiche do neuer close nor come togither emongst which riseth a straight stalke full of white sappe lyke milke of the height of two foote the which diuideth it self at the top into sundry branches bearing yellow †The Tyme This Letuce flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lactuca sylnestris of Zoroastes Pherumbrum in shoppes Endiuia albeit this is not the right Endiue of some Seriola in Frenche Laictue sauuage in high Douche Wilder Lattiche in base Alemaigne Wilde Lattouwe in Englishe Wilde Letuce of Turner greene Endiue And this is the herbe that the Israelites did eate with their Passeouer Lambe †The Nature The wilde Letuce is partly colde and drie in the third degree and partly sharpe and abstersiue or scouring with some warmenesse ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the wilde Letuce dronken with Oximel that is honied vineger scoureth by siege the waterie humours It reconcileth sleepe and swageth al paynes also it is good against the stinging of Scorpions and the fielde Spider called Phalangium It is also good with womans milke to be layde vnto burninges The same dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and taketh away the clowdes dimnesse of the same The seede of this Letuce also abateth the force of Venus and is of vertue like to the garden Letuce seede Lactuca syluestris Of Purcelayne Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Purcelayne one of the garden the other wilde bysides these there is also a thirde kinde the whiche groweth onely in salt groundes †The Description GArden Purcelayne hath grosse stalkes fat round and of a brownred colour the which do grow vp to the length of a span or more vpō the sayd stalkes are the thicke fat or fleshie leaues somthing long brode round before The flowers grow betwixt the leaues and stalkes and also at the highest of the stalkes the which be very smal of a faynt yellowish colour The same being past there come little rounde close huskes in whiche is founde smal blacke seede The roote is tender and hearie The wild Purcelaine hath thicke fat round stalkes like the garden Purcelayne but tenderer smaller and redder the which grow nothing at al vpright but are spread abrode and trayle vpon the ground The leaues be smaller then the leaues of the other but the flowers sede is like These two Purcelaynes are full of iuyce and of a sharpe or quicke taste They are vsed in the sommer to be eaten in Salade as they vse Letuce Portulaca hortensis Garden Pyrcelayne Portulaca syluestris Wilde Purcelayne Portulaca marina Sea Purcelayne ¶ The Place The tame Purcelayne is sowen in gardens The wild groweth of his owne accorde in wayes and alies of gardens in some places it groweth vppon rockes cleeues and viniardes Sea Purcelayne groweth vpō bankes or walles cast vp in places adioyning to the sea and great store therof is founde in Zeeland and bysides the I le of Purbeck in Englande †The Tyme The garden wilde Purcelayne do flower from after the moneth of Iune vntill September and in this space they yeelde their seede The sea Purcelayne flowreth in Iuly ¶ The Names Purcelayne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Portulaca in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine in high Douche Burgel in base Almaigne Porceleyne in English Purcelayne The first kinde is called Portulaca satiua or Hortensis in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine domestique or cultinée in high Douche Heymisch Burgel or Burtzeskraut in base Almaigne Roomsche Porceleyne or tamme Porceleyne in English garden and tame Purcelayne The seconde kinde is called of the newe writers Portulaca syluestris in Frenche Pourpier sauuage in high Douche Wildt Burtzel in base Almaigne Ghemeyne or wilde Porceleyne in English Wild Purcelayne but yet this is not that wild Purcelayne which is described in some copies of Dioscorides the which is of a hoate nature or complexion The thirde kinde of Purcelayne of the later writers is called Portulaca marina in Frenche Pourcelaine de mer ▪ in Douch Zee Porceleyne This seemeth to be that herbe which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latinistes Halimus especially the seconde kinde described by Plinie †The Nature The garden and wilde Purcelayne are cold in the thirde degree and moyst in the seconde Sea Purcelayne is playnely hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues They vse to eate the garden and wild Purcelayne in Salades and meates as they do Letuce but it cooleth the blood and maketh it waterie nourisheth very litle yet for all that it is good for those that haue great heate in their stomackes and inwarde partes The same taken in lyke sort stoppeth all defluxions and falling downe of humours and is good for the paynes of the bladder and kidneyes it healeth them albeit they be exulcerated fret or hurt Purcelayne comforteth the weake inflamed stomacke it taketh away the imaginations dreames fansies the outragious desire to the lust of the body The iuyce of Purcelayne dronken hath the same vertue also it is good against burning feuers against the wormes that ingender in the body of man It is good for such as spit blood it stoppeth the blooddy flixe the fluxe of the Hemoroides
sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme This Parsely flowreth in Iuly and in August the seede is rype †The Names This Parsely is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equapium and Olusatrum of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Smyrnium and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Apium syluestre and of the later writers Petroselinum Alexandrinum in shoppes not without errour Petroselinum Macedonicum for it hath no similitude at all with the Parsely of Macedonie in Frenche Grand Persil or Grand Ache or Alexandre in high Douche Grosz Eppich or Grosz Epffich in base Almaigne Groote Eppe in English Alexanders ¶ The Nature This Parsely in temperament is hoate and drie like the others †The Vertues The seede of the great Parsely dronken alone or with honyed water bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse dissolueth windinesse and grypinges of the belly it warmeth the astonied members or limmes taken with colde and bruysing shiueringes or shakinges that come with extreame colde and is good against the strangurie The roote of the great Parsely breaketh and driueth foorth the stone causeth one to make water and is good against the paines of the raines and ache in the sides To conclude the seede of great Parsely is of lyke vertue to the seede of the garden Parsely and in all thinges better and more conuenient then the common Parsely seede Of wilde Parsely Chap. xlvi †The Description THE herbe which we in folowing the auncient Theophrastus do cal wilde Ache or Parsely hath large leaues al iagged cut and vittered muche lyke the leaues of the wilde Carrot but larger The stalkes be rounde and holow of foure or fiue foote long of a browne red colour next the grounde at the top of them growe spokie rundels or rounde tuffetes with white flowers after them commeth a flat rough seede not muche vnlyke the sede of Dyl but greater The roote is parted into two or three long rootes the whiche doo growe very seldome downewardes but most commonly are founde lying ouerthwarte and alongst here and there and are hoate and burning vpon the tongue The whole herbe both stalkes leaues is full of white sappe lyke to the Tithymales or Spurges the whiche commeth foorth when it is broken or pluckt ¶ The Place This herbe is founde in this Countrie in moyst places about pondes and alongst by diches neuerthelesse it is not very common †The Tyme The wilde Parsely flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium syluestre that is to say Wilde Parsely in Frenche Persil or Ache sauuage in high Douche Wilder Eppich or Epffich in base Almaigne Wilde Eppe Of this herbe Theophrastus writeth in his vij booke the iiij Chap. saying that the wilde Parsely hath red stemmes And Dioscorides in his third booke the lxvij Chap. In some shops of this Countrie it is called Meum they vse the rootes of this Parsely in steede of Meum †The Nature The wilde Parsely and specially the roote thereof is hoate and drye in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of wilde Parsely holden in the mouth chewed appeaseth the rigour of the tooth ache and draweth abundance of humours froÌ„ the braine Apium syluestre Of water Parsly Chap. xlvij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this Countrie two kyndes of this herbe one great the other smal the which do differ but onely in figure and that is long of the diuersite of the places where as it groweth for the one is changed into the other wheÌ„ as it is remoued froÌ„ one place to another That is to say that which groweth alwayes in the water becommeth smal being planted vpon the lande or dâ—ie grounde and on the contrarie that whiche groweth vppon the drie land becommeth great being planted in the water so that to say the trueth these two herbes are but all one which doth not only happen to this herbe but also to diuers others that grow in the waters or moyst medowes †The Description THE great water Parsely hath round holow smooth brittel stalkes long leaues made fashioned of diuers little leaues standing directly one agaynst another and spread abrode like winges wherof each litle leafe by it selfe is playne and smooth and snipt about the edges lyke to a sawe At the top of the stalkes growe litle spokie rundels with white flowers The roote is ful of hearie threds it putteth foorth on the sides new springs al the herbe is of a stronger pleasanter sauour then any of the kindes of Parsely being brused rubbed betwixt the handes doth smell almost like Petrolium The lesser water Parsely in sent is lyke to the abouesayde his stalkes be lykewise holowe but smaller The leaues be not lyke to the greater but drawing neare to the leaues of Cheruill but yet more tenderer and more mangled pounsed or iagged the smal flowers be white and do also growe in litle round tuftes and shadowie or spokie circles growing thicke and neare throng togither The roote is ful of threddy stringes and doth lykewyse put foorth diuers newe springes or branches the whiche do stretche and spreade abroade vppon the grounde and cleaue fast to the grounde taking roote here and there Lauer Crateuae Great water Parsely Lauer minus Small water Parsely Iuncus adoratus †The Place The greater water Parsely groweth in diches and pondes The lesser groweth in moyst medowes that stande lowe and waterie not very farre from pooles and standing waters yet sometimes lykewise therein †The Tyme Water Parsely flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first herbe shoulde seeme to be a kind of that which is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lauer and Sium in Frenche Berle in high Douche Wass Epffich in base Almaigne Water Eppe that is to say Ache or water Parsely Turner and Cooper do call it Sallade Parsely Yellow water cresses and Bell ragges The seconde is lykewise a kinde of Sium as namely that whiche is called Iuncus odoratus And yet it is not the vpright Iuncus for this is but named for a likenesse vnto it bycause that his stalkes be like rushes and it hath a pleasant smell †The Nature and Vertues Without doubt this herbe is of complexion hoate and drie and in vertue lyke to the other Sium Of Bastarde Parsley Chap. xlviij †The Description CAucalis is a hearie herbe somwhat rough not much vnlike Carrot The leaues be almost lyke the leaues of Coriander but disembred and parted into smaller iagges or frengis At the toppe of the branches growe shadowy bushes or spoke rundels with white flowers whose greatest blades or leaues are turned outwardes The seede is long and rough like Carrot seede but greater then Commin seede †The Place This herbe is founde in this Countrie in the Menze of Corne feeldes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and within short space after the
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scandix herba scauaria Acus pastoris or Acula bycause his sede is like to a needel in Frenche Aguille de berger in Spanishe Quixones in base Almaigne Naeldenkeruel in Englishe Shepheardes Needel wilde Cheruel and Needel Cheruill Scandix ¶ The Nature Scandix is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Scandix eaten is good wholesome for the stomacke and belly in times past hath bene a common herbe amongst the Greekes but of smal estimation value taken but onely for a wilde wurt or herbe Aristophanes in times past by occasion of this herbe taunted Euripides saying that his mother was not a seller of wurtes or good potherbes but onely of Scandix as Plinie writeth The same boyled and dronken openeth the stoppings of the liuer kidneyes and the bladder and is good for all the inwarde partes and bowels of man Of Myrrhis Casshes or Caxes Chap. liij †The Description MYrrhis in leaues and stalkes is somwhat lyke Hemlocke it hath great large leaues very much cut and iagged diuided into many partes hauing sometime white speckles or spottes The stalkes be rounde somewhat crested and two or three foote long at the top of the stalkes growe rundels or spokie tuftes with white flowers and after them commeth a long seede The roote is long rounde not much differing in taste and sauour from Carrot The whole herbe but especially the first leaues are beset with a soft downe or fine heare and are in smell sauour much lyke to Cheruil and therfore it is called in base Almaigne wilde Keruel that is to say Wilde Cheruel †The Place This herbe groweth of his owne kind in some medowes of Douchlande in this Countrie the Herboristes doo sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme This herbe bloweth in May and his seede is rype in Iune Myrrhis †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Myrrhis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myrrha and of the writers at these dayes Cicutaria bycause it doth somewhat resemble Hemlocke whiche is named in Latine Cicuta in Frenche Cicutaire or Persil d'asne in high Douche Wilder Korffel in base Almaigne Wilde Keruel in Englishe as Turner sayth Casshes or Caxes bycause Spinsters vse the stemmes both of this herbe and Hemlocke for quilles and Caxes to winde yarne vpon it may be called also wilde Cheruell or mocke Cheruill †The Nature Myrrhis especially the roote is hoate in the second degree of subtil partes †The Vertues The roote of Myrrhis dronken with wine prouoketh womēs flowers deliuereth the secondine dead child purgeth clenseth women after their deliuerance The same taken in lyke fort prouoketh vrine is good against the bitinges of feelde Spiders and suche lyke venemous beastes The same boyled in the broth of fleshe doth clense the breast from fleme and other coruption and is very good for suche as are leane and vnlustie or falling into consumption They say also that it is good to be drōken in wine in the time of Pestilence and that suche as haue dronken three or foure times of the same wine shall not be infected with the plague Of Asparagus Chap. liiij †The Kindes There be two sortes of Asparagus the garden and wilde Asparagus Asparagus Sperage Corruda Wilde Sperage †The Description THe Asparagus of the gardē at his first comming foorth of the ground putteth foorth long shutes or tender stalkes playne rounde without leaues as bigge as ones finger grosse and thicke hauing at the top a certayne bud or knop the whiche afterwarde spreadeth abrode into many branches hanging lyke heares The fruite groweth vpon the branches lyke round berries first greene and afterward of a yellowish red ▪ euen of the colour of Coral within that berrie is a blacke sede The rootes be long and slender and interlaced or wouen one in another The wilde Asparagus in his first springes and fruite is muche lyke to the garden Sparagus the rest is altogither rough and pricking for in steede of the long soft heares wherewithal the garden Asparagus is couered this hath nothing els but thornes very smal hard short prickley wherwithal the brāches are furnished †The Place The manured or tame Asparagus groweth in Burgundie and some other Countries as in Almaigne in stony places where as is good earth and fatte ground in this Countrie it is planted in the gardens of Herboristes The wilde kinde groweth in certayne places of Italy and throughout all Languedoc The bare stalkes or first tender springes of Asparagus shute vp in Aprill at what time they be boyled eaten in salade with oyle salt vineger The fruit is ripe in August ⧠The Names Garden Asparagus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus in shops Sparag in high douch Spargē in base Almain Coraelcruyt in english sperage The wild Asparagus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus syluestris and Curruda vnknowen in the shoppes of this Countrie ¶ The Nature Asparagus especially the rootes are temperate in heate and cold taking part of a certaine drynesse ⧠The Vertues The first tender springs of Asparagus parboyled eaten with oyle vineger prouoke vrine and are good agaynst the strangurie and they soften the belly The decoction or broth of Asparagus by it selfe or with Ciche Peason dronken openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and kidneyes and also it is good against the Iaundice stopping of the water strangury and the grauel stone Some say that if it be taken in the same maner it easeth and consumeth the Sciatica and payne of members out of ioynt The roote boyled in wine is good for thē that are bitten of any venemous beast Of Senuie or Mustarde Chap. lv †The Kyndes There be two sortes of Senuie the tame the wilde wherof also the tame or garden Senuie is of two sortes the one with a great white seede the other hauing a litle browne seede Sinapi hortense Mustarde seede Sinapi syluestre Wilde Mustarde seede †The Description THe tame white Mustarde hath great rough leaues at the first not much vnlike the leaues of Turnep but after the first leaues there folowe other that are smaller more iagged growing vpon the stalkes whiche hearie three or foure foote long diuideth it self into many brāches alongest that which grow yellowish flowers after them long hearie huskes or coddes wherin is the sede which is round pale greater then Rape sede in taste sharpe hoate The seconde kinde of tame Mustarde with the browne seede whiche is the blacke Mustarde common Senuy is like to the aforesayd in leaues sralkes and growing The flowers be yellow The sede is browne smaller then Rape seede and in taste also sharpe and hoate The wilde kind hath great large leaues very much iagged and rough with stalkes like the other but it groweth not so high The
yellowe The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes The lesser water Cresse at the first hath rounde leaues then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides almost like the leaues of Rockat The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes of colour somewhat white or of a light Carnation after whiche come smal huskes wherein the seede lyeth †The Place The greater watercresse groweth in diches standing waters and fountaynes or springes The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are Sium Nasturtium aquaticum Great Watercresse Sisymbrium alterum cardamine Small watercresse ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season also in standing waters and diches †The Tyme The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August The lesser flowreth in May and almost vntil the ende of sommer †The Names The first kinde is called in high Douche Braun Kersz in base Almaigne waterkersse in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention in English Water Kars and Water Cresse The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium alterum cardamine of some also Sium in Frenche Passerage sauuage or Petit Cresson aquatique in high Douch Gauchblum wilder Kresz and Wisen Kresz in base Almaigne Coeckoecxbloemen and Cleyn Waterkersse of the Herboristes Flos cuculi of some Nasturtium aquaticum in Englishe the lesser Watercresse and Coccow flowers This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it †The Nature These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade either by it selfe or with other herbes for it causeth one to make water it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone and is good for suche as haue the strangurie and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes if it be laid therto in the euening taken away in the morning The wilde Passerage boyled in lye driueth away lyce if the head or place where they be are washed therwithall The kine feeding where as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter Of winter Cresses Chap. lxi †The Description THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues broade smooth and somewhat round not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage or garden Rape but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues The stalkes be rounde full of branches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers and after them long rounde coddes wherin is enclosed a litle seede The roote is thicke and long †The Place This herbe groweth in the feeldeg somtime also in gardens of potherbes places not toyled or husbanded †The Tyme This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter but it flowreth seedeth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Douche S. Barbarakraut and according to the same in Latine Sanctae Barbarę herba we haue named it Barbaraea the Frenchmen Herbe de S. Barbe in some places of Brabant they call it Steencruyt bycause it is good against the stone and grauel in Holland and other places Winterkersse bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades in steede of Cresses therefore it is called Nasturtium or Cardamum hybernum This seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudobunium of Dioscorides for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia or Scopa regia as some do take it Herbe Sainbarbe Pseudobunium Barbaraea †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast being either layde thereto or the iuyce thereof dropped in Also it is certaynely proued by experience that the seede of this herbe causeth one to make water driueth forth grauel and cureth the strangurie which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium Of Thlaspi Chap. lxij ¶ The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse or Thlaspi the which are not muche vnlyke one another nor vnlyke cresse in taste Thlaspi The first kinde of Thlaspi Thlaspi alterum The seconde kinde of Thlaspi or treacle Mustarde †The Description THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough of a foote and a halfe long vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers and afterward flat huskes and round with a certayne clouen brim or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske which chappe or clift causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde eger and burning the mouth and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons and is of a brownish colour The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large longer and broader then the first iagged or cut about the edges The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches vpon which grow smal huskes almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the aforesaid and hath more smal slender branches vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other but altogither smaller The fourth kinde hath long small rough white greene leaues the stalkes be of a wooddy substance round and tough or pliant vpō the same grow smal white flowers the whiche past it bringeth foorth broade huskes or seede vessels hauing a brownishe kinde of seede very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in feeldes and all alongst the same in vntoyled places about wayes there is store growing togither the one kinde in one place and the other in another †The Tyme These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thlaspi Capsella and Scandulaceum of some also Myitis Bytron Dasmophon Myopteron in high Douche Wilder Cresz in Frenche Seneue sauuage in base Almaigne Wilde Kersse it may be also called in Englishe Thlaspi The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides and is called in base Almaigne Visselcruyt and of some in Latine Scordothlaspi that is to say Garlikethlaspi Thlaspi minus Besom grasse The second kind is called of the later writers Nasturtium rusticum Sinapi rusticum in high Douche Baurn seuff or Baurn Kresz the neather Douchmen in folowing the same call it Boeren mostaert or Boeren kersse that is to say
humours The same rosted or prepared after the same manner is good to be put into medicines that prouoke vrine and in suche medicines as are vsed agaynst the Dropsie the Iaundise belching or working vp of the stomacke and gripinges or frettinges of the belly Taken with hony and oyle it driueth foorth of the belly both the long and rounde wormes Prepared in manner aforesayde it is put with great profite into medicines that are made against an old inueterate cough and shortnesse of breath which medicines do cause to spit out the tough and clammie flemes that are gathered togither within the holownesse of the breast for taken in the same manner it doth dissolue and loose grosse humours and bringeth them foorth The same ordered with hony loseth the belly very gently and the like vertue hath the seede to be taken with figges or hony A scale or twaine of the roote of Squilla being yet greene and raw is good to be layde vnder the tongue to quenche the thirste of them that haue the Dropsie as Plinie writeth Squilla sodden in vineger vntill it be tender and pouned small is good to be layde as an emplayster vpon the bitinges of Vipers and Adders and suche other lyke venemous beastes The inner part of Squilla boyled in Oyle or Turpentine is applyed with great profite to the chappes or riftes of the feete and also to kibed or moldye heeles and hanginge wartes especially when it is first rosted vnder the imbers In the same maner it healeth the running sores of the head and the scurffie scales or bran of the head being layde therevnto The leaues of Squilla do dissolue and wast the kinges euyl and kernelles vnder and about the throte beyng layd therevpon by the space of foure dayes Pythagoras saith that if Squilla be hanged ouer the doore or chiefe entrie into the house it keepeth the same from all mishap witchcraft or sorcerie Bertius writeth that whan the flowers of Squilla be of a brownish colour and doo not soone fall or vade away that the yeere shal be very fruitefull and there shal be great ftore of Corne. Pancratium in vertue and working is muche lyke to Squilla sauing that it is not so strong nor effectuall And it may be vsed for want of the right Squilla in al things as witnesseth Galen and is to be prepared in the lyke order as they prepare Squilla as saith Dioscorides †The Danger Squilla is a very sharpe medicine both subtil wasting hurtful and forsing the nature of man when it is taken or vsed rawe and therefore Galen saith it ought not to be vsed or taken into the body without it be first soddē or rosted Of Affodyll Chap. lxxix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Affodill that is to say the male and female and a thirde sort with yellowe flowers Asphodelus mas The male Affodyll Asphodelus foemina The female Affodyl †The Description THE first kinde of Affodyll hath long narrow leaues like Leeke blades amōgst which springeth vp a roūd stalke of a cubite or cubite and a halfe long vppon whiche from the middle vp to the toppe growe faire white flowers or of a very pale carnation colour which do begin to flower below and do end their flowring aboue The flowers past ther come smal huskes round and writhed or turned about and are found diuided and seuered into partes whē they waxe ripe within the sayd huskes is a browne seede The rootes do growe by great nūbers or cōpanyes like to the rootes of the femal Pionie eache one fashioned like to a lōg thicke kernell or somewhat longer and within somwhat opē or spongie in taste at the first somewhat astringent and afterwarde bitter Yet of no very strange taste so that it is no maruell that men in times past dyd vse to of eate this roote as Hesiodus certaine other do report Asphodelitertia species Yellow Affodyll The second kind of Affodyll hath narrow blades also lyke to the abouesayde but smaller and shorter amongst whiche springeth foorth a plaine straight stem of two foote high from the middle of the top set with pale flowers diuided into sixe partes not much vnlike the flowers of the other Affodyl They once past there appeare small triangled huskes within the whiche lyeth the seede The roote of this kinde is rounde as the head of an Onyon almost lyke the roote of garden Bulbus but somewhat bigger To conclude this Affodyll is not muche vnlyke the first kind but only in the roote wherein is all the difference betwixt these two herbes for they varie not much one from another in leaues stalkes flowers and seedes sauing that the leaues of this kind are shorter the flowers stande further a sunder and not so thicke set or throng togither Bysides these two kindes there is found another Affodyl whose leaues be longer narrower then the leaues of the first kind the stalkes be also round loden with pleasant yellow flowers after whiche appeareth rounde huskes or knops lyke little heades wherein the seede is contayned it hath a number of rootes growing thicke togither like the first Affodyl but euery roote is longer and smaller The leaues of this Affodyl remayne greene al the winter do not vade and perish as the leaues of the other And the rootes doo put foorth a certayne increase of newe springes and blades wherby it incrocheth and winneth more grounde and doth so multiply that of one plant within a fewe yeres you shal get a number of others †The Place Affodyl is not founde growing of his owne kind in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes where as they do both sowe and playnt it †The Time The first kinde flowreth in May and is in seede in Iune The seconde doth also flower and seede in Iune ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Albucus and Hastula regia in shops Affodilus in French Hache royale or Asphodel of the common Herboristes of Brabant Affodilen The flower with his stemme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anthericos and in Latine as Plinie sayth Albucum in English also Affodyl and Daffodyll The first kinde is called Asphodelus mas and Hastula regia mas and is that same whiche Dioscorides describeth The seconde is called Asphodelus foemina and Hastula regia foemina and is that whiche Galen describeth in lib. de alimentorum facultatibus ¶ The Nature Affodyl especially the roote of the first kind is hoate dry in the second degree The rootes of the other kinde are hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of the first kind boiled dronkē prouoketh vrine womēs flowers The waight of a dram therof taken with wine healeth the payne in the side the cough the shrinking of sinewes crampes and burstinges It is very good against the bitings of venemous beastes to drinke the quantitie of three drammes therof with wine and to lay
is lyke to the common Broome but not so strong Of Furze or Thorne Broome Chap. ix †The Description THE Furze or prickley Broome hath many twigges or smal branches of a wooddishe substance the whiche in the beginning being yet but young and tender are full of litle greene leaues amongst which grow small thornes the whiche be soft and tender and not very prickley but when as the twigges or branches are aboue one yere old then are they for the most part cleane without leaues and then do their thornes waxe harde and sharpe with cruel prickles Amongst the little small leaues are the flowers of a faynte or pale yellowe colour and in shape and proportion like to Broome flowers but muche smaller after the whiche come small coddes full of rounde reddishe seede The roote is long and plyant The plant whiche the Brabanders do call Gaspeldoren should seeme to be a kinde of thornie Broome the whiche is rough and very full of prickles and bringeth foorth straight springes or shutes of a wooddish substance and without leaues set thicke and ful of long sharpe pinnes or prickles very rough boysteous harde and pricking amongst which growe small yellowe flowers and afterwarde coddes like to the Broome flowers or coddes The rootes be long growing ouerthwartly in the ground and almost as plyant and limmer as the roote of Rest harrow or Cammocke Genistilla Thorne Broome Genista spinosa Furze †The Place Furze or thorne Broome groweth in vntoyled places by the way sides and is founde in in many places of Brabant and Englande The common or great Furze groweth also in the lyke places and is founde in certayne places of Campany Brabant Italy Fraunce Buscaye and Englande †The Time Thorne Broome flowreth in May and Iune At the same time flowreth the common Furze †The Names The firste plante is called of the later writers in Latine Genistella and Genestalla that is to say the small Broome in high Douche Erdtfrymmen of some Klein Streichblumen and Stechende Pfrymmen in base Almaigne Stekende Brem in Englishe Thornebroome And bycause the seconde kind in his flowers cods is like Broome it should therefore seeme to be a prickley and wilde kind of Broome wherfore it may be called in Latine Genista spinosa and Genista fyluestris they call it in Frenche Du ionc marin in base Almaigne Gaspeldoren in Englishe the common Whyn or great Furze This is not Tragacantha that is to say Hirci spina or Paliurus as some do thinke nor yet Nepa or Scorpius †The Nature Furze but especially the leaues are of nature drie and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Furze boyled in wine or water and dronken do stop the excessiue course of womens flowers and the laske also The seede dronken in wine is good against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Of Cammocke / Reste Harrow / or Pety Whyn Chap. x. †The Description CAmmocke or ground Furze hath many small lythey or weake branches set full of swarte greene and roundish leaues and sharpe stiffe prickley thornes amongst whiche are sweete smelling flowers lyke Pease flowers or blowinges most commonly of a purple or carnatiō colour somtimes all white and sometimes yellowe lyke Broome flowers but that it is very seldome seene or found after the flowers come small coddes or huskes ful of brode flat seede The roote is long and very limmer spreading his brāches both large and long vnder the earth and doth oftentimes let hinder staye both the plough and Oxen in toyling the ground for they be so tough and limmer that the share colter of the plough cannot easily diuide and cut them asunder †The Place Cammocke or ground Furze is found in some places of Brabant and England about the borders of fertill feeldes and good pastures †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune Anonis †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anonis Ononis of the later writers Arrestabouis Restabouis Remora aratri of some also Acutella of Cratenas Aegopyros in Frēch Arreste beuf in high Douch Hawhechel Ochsenbrech and Stalkraut in base Almaigne Prangwortel Stalcruyt in Englishe Rest Harrow Cammocke Whyn Pety Whyn or ground Furze †The Nature The roote of Rest Harrow is drie in the third degree and somwhat hoate †The Vertues The barke of the roote taken with hony prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The decoction or broth of the same sodde in wine and dronken hath the same vertue The same broth boyled in hony and vineger is good to be dronken against the falling euill as Plinie writeth The same boyled in water and vineger and holden in the mouth whyles it is is warme cureth the tooth ache The tender springes and croppes before they bring foorth leaues preserued and kept in brine or salt are good to be eatē in salades for they prouoke vrine and bring foorth the stone and grauell being sometimes vsed to be eaten Of Whortes and Whortelberies Chap. xi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Whortes and Whortel beries wherof the common sort are blacke and the other are red Vacinia rubra Red Whortes Vacinia nigra Blacke Whortes †The Description THE plant which bringeth foorth blacke Whortes is base and lowe of a wooddish substance bringing forth many branches of the length of a foote or somwhat more the leaues be round of a darke greene colour lyke to the leaues of Boxe or Myrtel the which at the comming of winter do fall away as the leaues of other trees and at the spring time there come forth agayne new leaues out of the same brāches The flowers be round and holowe open before and grow alongest the branches amongst the leaues The fruite is round greene at the first then red and at the last when it is ripe it is blacke and ful of liquer of a good and pleasant taste The roote is slender long and souple Of this sorte there are founde some that beare white Berries when they be rype howbeit they are but seldome seene The plant that bringeth foorth red wortes in his growing and branches is like to that which beareth the blacke berries or whortes sauing that the leaues be greater and harder almost lyke the leaues of a great boxe bush they abide the winter without falling away or perishing The flowers be of a Carnation colour long and round and do growe in clusters at the toppe of the branches The fruite is red but els not muche vnlyke the other in taste rough and astringent or binding and not altogither so full of liquer as the blacke Whorte The roote is of a wooddy substance and long Amongst these Whortes or Whortel berries we may reckē those which the Germaynes or Almaignes doo call Veenbesien that is to say Marrishe or Fenberries of whiche the stalkes be smal short limmer tender creeping and almost layde flatte vpon the grounde beset and deckt with smal narrow leaues
The Description ANagyris is a litle lowe bush or shrub with smal branches vpon which growe small leaues alwayes three togither other wayes almost lyke to the leaues of Agnus castus The flowers be yellowe almost lyke to Broome flowers whiche being past there come vp long huskes or coddes in whiche is a flat fruite or seede that is harde firme almost lyke the kidney beanes but somewhat smaller The whole plant is of a strong ilfauoured stinking sauour as it were the smell of Gla. dyn or Spurgewort Arbor Iuda There is also another litle bush or shrub founde lyke to Anagyris in leaues growing The flowers do grow very thicke togither hanging by a fine slender stemme lyke to a spykie eare but yellowe and-somewhat resemblyng Broome flowers The coddes or cases are rounder smaller then the huskes of Anagyris with a smaller fruite also This plante is of no ranke smel but his leaues be greater and larger then the leaues of Anagyris Besydes the aforesayd there is founde another smal shrub or plant whiche bringeth foorth coddes or huskes also the whiche being well ordered in the growing vp waxeth a tall tree His branches are set with broade rounde leaues almost lyke to the leaues of Aristolochia clematitis or Asarum but stronger The flowers be purple and redde like to the flowers of garden or branche Peason and the sayde flowers do not growe vpon the smal branches and betwixt the leaues lyke the blossoms and flowers of other trees but they growe about the lowest part of the great branches the whiche afterwarde do change into long flatte coddes of colour somewhat blew or wanne hauing a certayne flat seede within which is harde and lyke to a Lentill †The Place These plantes doo growe wilde in diuers places of Italy and Prouince in wooddes and vpon the mountaynes †The Time Anagyris flowreth in Aprill and May the other in May and Iune but Arbor Iuda in Marche The fruite is ripe in September †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anagyris in Italian Eghelo we may call it Beane trifoly bycause the leaues grow three togither the seede is much like to a beane the Frenche name may be Bois puant The second is thought to be Laburnum Plinij This is not Anagyris neither yet Lotus as some do wrongfully iudge it The third is called of the Latine Herboristes in Latine Arbor Iuda Arbor Iudae this should seeme to be a kind of Laburnū or as some men thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colytea of Theophrastus This is not that Cercis of Theophrastus for Cercis is a kinde of Populer the whiche Plinie calleth Populus Lybica ⧠The Nature The leaues and seede of Anagyris are hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues They giue the waight of a dramme of the leaues of Anagyris boyled in wine to moue womens flowers and to driue foorth the secondine The young and tender leaues of this bushe broken and layde to as an emplayster doth dissolue and keepe downe colde swellinges The seede eaten causeth one to vomite sore and vehemently Of Withy or Willow Chap. lxvij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Withy very diuers The one riseth vp very high groweth to the bignesse and thicknesse of other trees the other remaineth alwayes lowe beareth Ozier roddes and twigges The barke of the first sorte is sometimes reddish sometimes white and sometimes yellowe †The Description WITHY hath a great tronke stocke or stemme out of whiche pring high branches or yeardes which be long straight and full of boughes or twigges which be weake and plyant and couered with a barke or rinde of a browne red colour or white or yellow alongst the which branches and twigges grow the leaues which be long and narrow greene aboue and white or ashe colour vnderneath The seconde kind of Withy called the Franke Ozier hath no great stemme but onely a great wride or head neare the ground out of which spring many Siōs and slender twigges or yeardes couered with a browne rinde or pyll the whiche yeardes twigges or roddes are very plyant and easy to turne and twiste euery way With this kinde of twigges or roddes they make Basketes Chayres Panniers and suche lyke stuffe †The Place All kindes of Withy delight to growe in moyst places along by diches and waters but especially the Oziers Salix †The Tyme Withy flowreth at the beginning of the spring time his flower or blossom is lyke a fine throm or thicke set veluet heaped vp togither about a little stemme the which when it openeth is soft in handling and lyke downe or Cotton and therefore the whole flower is called a Chatton Kitekin or Catteken †The Names Withy is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Salix in Frenche Saulx in high Douche Weydenbaum in base Almaigne Wilghe boom Theophrastus doth surname it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olesicarpos that is to say in Latine Frugiperda bycause his Cattekins or blossoms do fall away before that his seede be scarse ripe That Withy or Willowe whiche groweth to a tree is called in Latine Salix perticalis Of this sort that whiche hath the reddish barke is called Salix nigra Salix purpurea and Salix Gallica in English Red Withy and the better sort therof is called Red sperte in Frenche L'ozier in high Douche Rotweiden in base Almaigne Roode wilghen of some also Salix viminalis bycause the twigges be tough and plyant and wil be wrought and writhed more easily then any of the other kindes of Withy insomuch that this kind of blacke or rather red Withy is without doubt of the selfe same kinde as the Franke Ozier is of for if you plant it in lowe waterishe places and cut it harde by the ground it will turne to Ozier Withy The seconde sorte hath a white or gray barke and is called Salix candida and of some Salix Graeca in English Dunne Withy and Goore Withy The third kinde hath a yellow barke and is called Salix vitellina and after the minde of some Salix amerina these two kindes are called in high Douche Weisz weiden in base Almaigne Witte wilghen that is to say White Withy it is called about Parris Du Bursauli in English Cane Withy The small lowe Withy is called in Latine Salix pumila and Salix viminalis of Columella Sabina salix and Amerina salix in Frenche Franc Ozier in high Douch Klein weiden in base Almaigne Wijmen in English the smal Withy the Osyar Withy the Sperte or twigge Withy †The Nature The leaues flowers seede and barkes of Withy are colde and drie in the seconde degree and astringent †The Vertues The leaues and barke of Withy do stay the spitting of blood the vomiting of blood and all other fluxe of blood with the inordinate course of womens flowers to be boyled in wine and dronken The leaues and rindes of Withy boyled in wine doo appease
the payne of the sinewes and do restore againe their strength if they be nourished with the fomentation or natural heate thereof The greene leaues pounde very smal and layde about the priuie members do take away the desire to lecherie or Venus The ashes of the barke of willow mingled with vineger causeth wartes to fall of taketh away the harde skinne or brawne that is in the handes or feete whiche is gotten by labour and the cornes in a mans toes or fingers if it be layde therevpon Of the Oke tree Chap. lxviij †The Description THe Oke is a great brode and thicke tree most commonly spreading his great branches abrode and also growing vp into height and length The barke is gray and smooth whiles it is young but thicke rough vneuen chapt and cracte when it is olde The leaues be deepely cut and natched rounde about vpon the which there is sometime founde growing in this Countrie little small Apples called Oke Apples lyke as in other Countries galles be found growing vpon the Oken leaues whereof these litle Apples be one kinde The fruite of the Okes are certayne Mast or kernelles hanging foorth of rough huskes whiche be rounde and hollowe lyke vnto cuppes or dishes His roote spreadeth abrode very long and large Besydes these kindes of galles and Apples that are vpon the Oken leaues there growe vppon the Oke diuers other thinges as Theophrastus writeth more at large in his Historie of plantes the iij. booke and viij Chapter †The Place The Oke loueth sandy groundes leane and drie as vpon palynes and heathes †The Tyme The Oke renueth his leaues in May. The Acornels or mast is ripe in August the Oke apples do grow in sommer and do begin to fall in September ¶ The Names The Oke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Quercus in high Douche Eichbaum in base Almaigne Eyckenboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Glans in English an Akernel or mast in French Gland in high Douch Eichel in base Almaigne Eeckel The round berie or apple which groweth vpon the leaues is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Galla in Frenche Noix galle in high Douch Eichopffel and Galopffel in base Almaigne Eycken apple and Galnoten The shales or cuppes in whiche one part of the kernel is inclosed or couched is called in Latine Calices glandium in shops Cupulę glandiū Quercus †The Nature The leaues and barke of the Oke as also the cuppes or shelles of the Acornes are drie in the third degree and astringent The Acornes be almost of the same temperature sauinge that they be warmer and not so muche astringent The Gale is colde and drie in the thirde degree and very astringent †The Vertues The leaues and barke of the Oke with the cuppes of the Acornes do stop and cure the spetting of blood the pissing of blood and all other fluxe of blood the blooddy flixe and laske being boyled in red wine and dronken The Oke leaues pounde very smal do heale and close vp greene woundes and do stoppe the blood being layde therevpon The barke of the Oke made into powder is good to be giuen to young children against the wormes and the inordinate laske The Cuppes of the Acornes with the barke of the tree are good to be put into medicines oyntmentes oyles and emplaysters that serue to stay and kepe backe the fluxe of blood or of other humours The Acornes are almost of the same vertue as the leaues and barke are but they stoppe not so muche they prouoke vrine and are good against all venome and poyson and boyled in mylke they be excellent to be eaten against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes The same pounde very smal are very good to be laid to the beginninges of phlegmons inflammations and pounde with salt and Swines grease they cure harde vlcers and consuming sores The Gal is also very binding and stiptique They be good against al fluxe of blood and laskes to be taken in whatsoeuer maner whether they be ministred within the body or mixt with oyles oyntmentes and emplaisters to be layde outwardly They are also good against the excessiue moysture swelling of the iawes or gummes and against the swellinges of the almondes or kernels of the throte and also against the blistering sores of the mouth They staye the fluxe menstruall and cause the mother that is fallen downe to returne agayne to his natural place if women sit in the decoctiō of the same The same stieped or tempered in vineger or water maketh the heare blacke and doth eate and consume away superfluous and prowde fleshe beyng layde therevpon The same burned vpon coles afterward quenched with wine or vineger or as Turner saith with brine made with vineger and salt stoppeth all issue or fluxe of blood The Oke Apples or greater Galles being broken in sonder about the time of withering do forshewe the sequell of the yeere as the expert husbandmen of Kent haue obserued by the liuing thinges that are founde within them as if they finde an Ante they iudge plentie of grayne if a white worme lyke a Gentill morreyne of beast if a Spider they presage pestilence or some other lyke sicknesse to folowe amongst men Whiche thing also the learned haue noted For Matthiolus vpon Dioscorides saith that before they be holed or pearsed they conteyne eyther a Flye a Spider or a Worme if a Flye be founde it is a pronostication of warre to folowe if a creeping worme the scarcitie of victual if a running Spider the Pestilente sicknesse Of Missel or Misselto Chap. lxix †The Description THIS plante hath many flender branches the whiche are spread ouerthwart and are wrapped or enterlaced one with another couered with a barke of a light greene or Popingay colour The leaues be thicke and of a darke or browne greene colour greater and longer then the leaues of Boxe but otherwise not much vnlike The flowers be smal and yellow the which being past there appeare small rounde and white beries full of clammy moysture of which eche berie hath a blacke kernell which is the seede †The Place Misselto groweth not vpō the ground but vpon trees and is oftentimes found growing vpō Apple trees Peare trees Mythies and sometimes also vpon the Linden Birche and other trees but the best and of greatest estimation is that which groweth vpon the Oke Viscum †The Tyme Misselto flowreth at the ende of May and the fruite is ripe at the ende of September the whiche remayneth all the winter ¶ The Names This plante is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viscum in shoppes Viscus quercinus in Englishe Missell and Misselto in Frenche Guy in high Douch Missel and Eichen Missel in base Almaigne Marentacken †The Nature The leaues and fruite of Misselto are hoate and drie and of meerely subtill partes ⧠The Vertues The leaues and fruite of Misselto being
Emotes Antes or Pismiers †The Place The Cypres tree delighteth high mountaynes and drie places It will not lightly growe in lowe moyst places †The Time The leaues of Cypres be alwayes greene The fruite is ripe in September euen at the beginning of winter Cupressus †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cupressus in Shops Cypressus in Englishe Cypres and Cypres tree in Frenche Cypres in high Douche Cypressenbaum in base Almaigne Cypressenboom The fruite is called in Latine Nuces Cupressi Pilulae Cupressi and of some Galbuli in Shoppes Nuces Cupressi in English Cypres Nuttes in French Noiz de Cypres †The Nature The fruite and leaues of Cypres are drie in the thirde degree without any manifest heate and astringent †The Vertues The fruite of Cypres taken into the body stoppeth the laske bloody flixe and is good against the spetting of blood and all other issue of blood The decoction of the same made with water hath the same vertue The Oyle in which the fruite or leaues of Cypres haue boyled doth strengthen the stomacke stayeth vomiting stoppeth the belly and all other fluxes of the same and cureth the excoriation or going of of the skinne from the secrete partes or members Cypres Nuttes cure them that are bursten and haue their guttes fallen into their coddes to be layde to outwardly The leaues haue the same vertue With the fruite of Cypres they cure and take away the corrupt flesh called Polypus growing in the Nose The same brused with fat drie figges doth cure the blastinges of the genitors and if ye put leuen thereto it dissolueth and wasteth botches and boyles being laide therevpon The leaues of Cypres boyled in sweete wine or Meade doo helpe the strangurie and issue of the bladder The same pounde very small close vp greene or newe woundes and stop the blood of them being layde therevnto They be also with great profite layde with parched barly meale to wilde fire Carboncles and other hoate vlcers and fretting sores The leaues and fruite of Cypres layde to with vineger make the heare blacke Of the Yew tree Chap. lxxxvi †The Description THE Ewe is a great high tree remayning alwayes greene it hath a great stemme couered with a graye barke that is clouen and scabbed or scalye The leaues be of a darke greene long narrowe like a fether set ful of smal leaues growing al alongst a stemme opposite or standing right ouer one against another whereof eache leafe is narrow and longer then the leaues of Rosemarie otherwise not muche vnlyke His fruite is faire rounde redde beries somewhat bigger than whortes but els not much vnlike ¶ The Place Ewe groweth in Arcadia Italy Spayne Fraunce and Almaigne also in the forrest of Ardein In time past it was planted in gardēs for Tamariske †The Time The fruite of Ewe is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and after Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cactos ▪ in Latine Taxus of the ignorāt Apothecaries of this Countrie Tamariscus in English Ewe or Yew in Frenche If. in high Douche Ibenbaum and accordingly in base Almaigne Ibenboom Taxus †The Nature Ewe is altogither venemous and against mans nature †The Danger Ewe is not profitable for mans body for it is so hurtful and venemous that suche as do but onely sleepe vnder the shadowe thereof become sicke and sometimes they die especially whē it bloweth In Gascoigne it is most dangerous If any eate the fruite it will cause the laske the Birdes that eate the beries do either dye or cast their fethers The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse the barke of this tree in stede of the barke of Tamarisk by this we may wel perceiue what wickednes the ignorant Apothecaries do daily cōmit by ministring of noughty hurtful medicines in steede of good to the great perill danger of the poore diseased people Of the Pine tree Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Pine trees as the noble Auncient Theophraste writeth that is to say the garden and wilde Pine trees there be also diuers sortes of the wilde Pine tree †The Description THE Pine tree is high great with many branches at the toppe parted into other round brāches set round about with litle hard leaues almost sharpe pointed or prickly very straight or narrow and of a greene whitish colour The timber is red and heauy within about the harte ful of sappe and liquor His fruite is great Boulleans or Bawles of a browne Chesnut colour and are called Pine Apples in which grow smal nuttes wherin is a sweet white kernell whiche is sometimes vsed in medicine The first kind of the wild Pine trees is high great and thicke and yet not so high as the tame or garden Pine The branches be spread abroade with long sharpe pointed leaues the fruite is short and not hard opening easily and falling quickly The second kind groweth not so high neither is the stemme growing straight vp but bringeth foorth many branches sodainly frō the roote creeping by the ground long slender easily to be ployed or bente insomuche that hereof they make Circles and hoopes for wine hogsheades tonnes as the noble learned Matthiolus writeth The fruite of this kinde is greater then the fruite of any of the other wilde Pine trees Pinus The third kind groweth straight vpright waxeth great high yet not so high as the other wild kindes The branches of this do grow lyke the Pitche tree The fruit is long big almost like the fruit of the Pitche tree in the same is conteyned triangled small nuttes like to the nuttes of the Pineapple but smaller britler with a kernell of good taste lyke the kernel of the tame Pine The fourth kind hath a long hard fruite the which will not open easily nor fall lightly from the tree The fifth kinde hath small rounde nuttes not muche greater then Cypres nuttes the whiche wil open and fal quickly From out of these trees commeth that liquor called Rosen especially from the wilde trees and it runneth most cōmonly out of the barke or from the timber but sometimes also it is founde in the fruite or apples Frō these trees also cōmeth pitch both liquid hard that which is drawē forth by burning of the wood as Theophrastus teacheth The which maner of drawing or melting of Pitch is yet vsed in Candie as Peter Belon writeth The tame or garden Pine groweth in many places of Italy Spayne Grece France and England in feeldes and gardens whereas it hath ben planted The wilde Pines grow vpon mountaynes some of them vpon the highest mountaynes where as none other trees nor herbes doo growe especially the first wilde kinde the whiche is also founde in Douchlande Liefland Poland and other colde regions †The Tyme The fruite or Pine apples are
the which be greene at the first and afterward blacke like Iuy beries or whortes The roote is long of the quantitie of ones fingar full of knobbes or ioyntes and of colour white with many hearie strings in taste at the first sweete but afterward somewhat sharpe and bitter The smal Salomons seale doth not much varie from the other sauing that his leaues be narrower do not grow alone or seuerally one by one but foure or fiue grow out of one knot or ioynte rounde about the stalke almost starre fashion The floures are greener and the fruyte is blacker than the other The roote is smaller and slenderer in all poynts els like to the aforesayde †The Place The great Salomons seale groweth in this country in dry wooddes standing vpon mountaynes The second also groweth in mountaynes and wooddes especially in Almaigne A man shall not lightly finde it in this countrey except in the gardens of such as haue pleasure in herbes †The Tyme They do both floure in May and Iune †The Names Salomons seale is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Polygonatum in Shoppes Sigillum Salomonis in Italian Frassinella in Spanish Fraxinella in English also Scala coeli White roote or white wurte in high Douch Weiszwurtz in French Signet de Salomon in base Almaigne Salomons seghel in the Tuscane tunge Frassinella †The Nature Salomons seale is of Nature hoate and dry abstersiue or clensing somewhat astringent †The Vertues The roote of Salomons seale pound doth close vp and heale the woundes wherevpon it is layde The same being freshe and new gathered to be pounde and layde vpon or if one be annoynted with the iuyce thereof it taketh away all spottes freckles blacke and blew markes that happen by beating falling or brusing whether it be in the face or in any other parte of the body This herbe neither yet his roote is good to be taken into the body as Galen writeth Of Fleaworte / or Fleabane Chap. lxx †The Description THe leaues of Fleebane be long narrow and hearie amongst whiche springe vp rounde and tender branches set ful of leaues like them aforesayde but smaller garnisshed at the top with little long round spikie knappes like eares with greenish floures or blossoms which do afterward change into a browne and shyning seede in proportion colour and quantitie like vnto Fleas †The Place This herbe groweth in fieldes and deserte places as Dioscorides saith In this countrey men sow it in gardens and wher as it hath bene once sowē it groweth continually afterwarde of his owne sowing or sheding of seede †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and sometimes also the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Psyllium and Herba Pulicaris in Shoppes Psyllium in Italian Psillio Psyllion in Spanish Zargatona in English Fleawurte and Fleabane in French Herbeaux poulces in high Douch Flohekraut in base Almaigne Vloycruyt †The Nature The seede of Psyllium or Fleaworte whiche is chiefly vsed in medicine is colde in the second degree and temperate in moysture and drynesse As Galen and Serapio writeth †The Vertues The seede of Fleabane boyled in water or stiped dronken purgeth downewardes Aduste and Cholerique humors by sides this it swageth payne and slaketh the inflammation and heate of the entrayles or bowels and is good agaynst hoate Feuers or burning Agues and all inwarde heates and against great drouth and thirst The same seede somewhat brused but not brokē parched at the fire is good against the bloudy flixe and vehement laske especially whan they proceede of taking strong and violent medicines The seede therof mengled with oyle of Roses vineger or water is good to be straked or applied vnto hoate griefes of the ioynts the apostems swellings behind the eares and other hoate swellings also it is good against head ache The same layde too with vineger is good against the going out of the Nauell and the bursting of yong children The water wherin the seede hath bene soked or stiped is good to be layd to the burning heate called S. Antonies fire and to all hoate swellings It is also good to be dropped into running eares and against the wormes in the same Some holde that if this herbe whiles it is yet greene be strowed in the house that Fleas will not come nor ingender where as it is layed †The Daunger Too much of Fleabane seede taken inwardly is very hurtfull to mans nature it engendreth coldnesse and stiffenesie through out the body with pensiue heauinesse of the harte so that such as haue dronken thereof do sometimes fall into great distresse †The Remedie Whan one hath taken too much of the seede of Fleabane so that he feeleth some noyance or harme aboue all things it shal be good for him to prouoke vomite with medicines conuenient to cast vp if it be possible that which hath bene before takē Afterward giue him to drinke of the best most sauoury old wine that may be gotten by it selfe or boyled with Wormewood or wine mengled with hony and a little lie or the Decoction of Dyll as Serapio writeth And bysides this ye may giue him all things that is good against the dangers that happen of eating greene Coliander Of certayne Herbes / that fleete or swimme vpon the water Chap. lxxj †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of herbes that growe in aboue water whereof the greatest parte shal be described in other places other Chapters so that in this present Chapter wee shall intreate but onely of foure or fiue sortes of them that grow vpon the water †The Description THe first and most notable of these kindes of floting herbes the whiche is called water spyke or most cōmonly Pōdeweede hath long roūd knotty branches The leaues grow vpō smal short stems are large great flat layde and carried vpon the water somewhat like to great Plantayne but a great deale smaller The floures grow at the toppe of the branches aboue the water vpon long purple spykie knoppes like to the eares or spikes of Bistorte the which being perished there commeth vp round knoppes wherein the seede is inclosed whiche is harde Potamogeiton Ponde weede Viola Palustris Water violet or Gyllofer The second kinde hath long small stemmes The leaues be long and iagged very small spred abroade vnderneth the water alwayes fiue or sixe standing directly one against an other as the leaues of Madder or Woodrow euery leafe like to Tansie or Yerrow leaues but smaller and more iagged than the leaues of Tansie and greater and broader then the leaues of Yerrow or Milfoyle but not so finely cut as Milfoyle It bringeth forth his floures vpon stalkes or stemmes growing aboue the water alwayes three or foure floures set one against an other parted into fiue leaues like to a little wheele or like stocke Gillofers or like the floures of common Buglosse of
certayne long rough markes as it were small wormes hanging vppon the backside of the leafe The roote is blacke hearie and twisted or growing as it were wounden togither And it bringeth foorth neyther stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place Hartes tongue loueth shadowie places and moyst stonie vallies about welles fountaynes and olde moyst walles Phyllitis †The Tyme It beginneth to bring foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Phyllitis in shoppes Scolopendria and Lingua Ceruina in Frenche Langue de cerf in high Douche Hirszung in base Almaigne Hertstonge and for a diuersitie betwixt it and Bistorte the whiche they do likewise cal Hertstonge Steenhertstonghe this is not Hemionitis as some do thinke †The Nature Hartstong is of complexion very drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of the leaues of Hertstong dronke is very good agaynst the bitinges of Serpentes it stoppeth the laske and the blooddy flixe Of brode or large Splenewort / or Miltwast Chap. lxv †The Description HEmionitis is also an herbe without fruite as the abouesayde Fernes and Hartes tong without stalke without flowers and seede bearing leaues somewhat great large beneth and somewhat sharpe at the top not muche differing as witnesseth Dioscorides from the leaues of the seconde Dracunculus the whiche leaues are playne by one side of the other side they haue also strakes or rough markes euen as Hartes tong his roote is compact of many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy moyst stony and freshe places and is nowe found about the decayed places and ruines of Rome in some other places of Italie especially planted and set in the gardens of Herboristes In this Countrie it is yet a stranger †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hemionitis Splenium and of Gaza Mula herba not knowen of the Apothecaries we may call it Broade Spleneworte or large Spleneworte ¶ The Nature Hemionitis is meetely warme and drie of Complexion †The Vertues Hemionitis takē with vineger doth open and helpe the hardnesse and stopping of the splene and is a soueraigne medicine for the most part of accidentes and greeues comming or proceeding from the Rate or Spleene Hemionitis Of wild or rough Splenewort Chap. lxvi †The Description LOnchitis aspera is partly lyke the other Fernes for it beareth neyther stalke nor seede The leaues be long about the length of a spanne or foote not muche differing from the leaues of Polypodie but muche narrower creuised and cut into more diuisions The roote is browne and thicke like to the roote of Dryopteris †The Place It groweth vppon the brinkes of ditches in wooddes and low moyst places of drie Countries †The Tyme It abideth al the winter and bringeth forth newe leaues in April ¶ The Names This kind of Ferne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lonchitisaspera of some Longina and Calabrum of our later writers Asplenium magnum Asplenium syluestre in high Douche Spicant Grosz Miltzkraut in Neather Douchlande Grachtvaren We may name it in Englishe Great Spleneworte or Wilde Splenewort †The Nature Lonchitis is hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues Lonchitis is very good agaynst the hardnesse stoppinges and swellinges of the Splene or Melt when it is dronken or layde vpon with vineger vpon the place of the Splene outwardly Lonchitis aspera This herbe is also good for to be layde vnto woundes for it keepeth them from inflammation and apostumation Of Ceterach / or the right Scolopendria Chap. lxvij †The Description CEterach hath little leaues almost of the length of a mans fingar cut and iagged vpon both sides euen harde to the ribbe or middle sinewe with cuttes halfe rounde or compassed standing not directly but contrarie one to another fat and greene vpon one side but on the other syde it is rough and somewhat hearie reddishe or of a browne colour The roote is small blacke and rough muche platted or enterlaced And this herbe hath neither stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy and stony places and it is muche founde about Welles neare vnto Namur and the quarters thereabout †The Tyme This herbe continueth greene al the winter and putteth foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asplenum or Asplenium in Shoppes Ceterach in Frenche Scolopendrie vraye in high Douch Steinfarn and Miltzkraut in base Almaigne Steenvaren in English Right Scolopendria Scaleferne Finger ferne Stone ferne Ceterach and Myltewaste †The Nature Ceterach is temperate in heate and cold of subtil partes somwhat drying †The Vertues The leaues of Ceterach taken with vineger by the space of fourtie dayes healeth the Melt that is hard and stopt and is very good agaynst Quarteyne Agues like vertue they haue boyled in wine and playstered vpon the left side Asplenum The same is also very good against the strangurie the hoate pisse the stone in the bladder it stayeth yeoxsing oryexing it openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and it is giuen with great profite to suche as haue the Iaunders Of Venus heare / or Iumbardie Maydenheare Chap. lxviij †The Kyndes VNder that name of Capillus Veneris at this day is set before vs two kindes of herbes not a litle lyke one the other wherof one who is the stranger is the right Adiantum True Maydenheare Ladies heare Venus heare Ruta Muraria Stone Rue or Wall Rue Capillus Veneris named of the Auncientes Adiantum The other is very common and hath bene vsed here for Capillus Veneris the whiche some men call Ruta Muraria in Latine and of others it is called Saluia vita †The Description THE right Venus heare hath the footestalkes of his leaues very smal blackishe and glistering with a certayne brightnesse The leaues are smal tender hackt or snipped round about like vnto the first leaues of Coriander but muche smaller The roote is tender The second kinde called Wall Rue hath likewise his leaues set vpon shorte and smal stemmes the which do somwhat resemble the leaues of garden Rue but lesser and something dented about playne and smothe vppon one side but the other side is laden or charged with small prickes or spottes The roote is tender and hearie And both these herbes be without eyther flowers or seede like to the Ferne. †The Place Venus heare groweth in walles and in stony shadowy places neare about waters and welspringes and there is great plenty therof found in Italie and Prouence It groweth not in this Countrie but it is brought drie to vs from Italie Reu of the wal is very common in this Countrie for it is to to be found almost vpon all olde walles that are moyst and not comforted or lightned with the shining
the same intent or purpose For the same cause they vse to make a kinde of small cakes or bread in some Abbeys of Hollande against the cough with the iuyce of Lycorise mixt with Ginger and other spices but the same serueth but against olde coughes cold and the like infirmities chauncing to the lunges and breast The roote of Lycorise quencheth thirste doth coole and comfort the hoate and drie stomacke is good against the hoate diseases of the liuer to be chewed in the mouth or dronken in a decoction The same is good against the vlcers of the kidneyes and scabbes or sores of the bladder it cureth the sharpenesse and smarting of vrine and also the filthy corruption or mattering of the vrine being boyled in water and often dronken The same is good to be layde to with hony vppon the sores or vlcers of the outwarde partes for it cureth the same as Plinie writeth To conclude Lycorise and the iuyce therof is a very good and holsome medicine fit to asswage payne to soften and make whole very proper and agreable to the brest the lunges the raynes the kidneyes and bladder Of Rhamnus Chap. xxix ¶ The Kyndes AFter the opinion of Dioscorides there be three sortes of Rhamnus one with long fat and soft leaues the other hath white leaues and the third hath roundishe leaues and somewhat browne Rhamni secunda species The seconde kinde of Rhamnus Rhamni tertia species The thirde kinde of Rhamnus †The Description AL the kindes of Rhamnus are plantes of a wooddishe substance the whiche as Dioscorides writeth haue many straight twigges and branches set with sharpe thornes and prickles lyke the branches of white Thorne The first kinde of Rhamnus hath many long narrowe tender flat leaues amongst the whiche rise long harde and sharpe thornes The seconde kinde hath long narrow white leaues in proportion not much vnlyke Olyue leaues but muche smaller amongst whiche there growe shorte thornes with stiffe prickles The thirde kinde hath leaues somewhat broade and almost rounde of a brownishe colour drawing towardes red The thornie prickles of this kinde be neither so great nor yet so strong as the prickles of the first kinde The flowers be yellowishe the whiche past there commeth vp the fruite whiche is large and almost fashioned lyke to a wherrowe or buckler in the whiche lyeth the seede †The Place Rhamnus as Dioscorides writeth groweth in hedges and bushes The first kinde is not knowen in this Countrie but in Languedoc there groweth plentie The seconde kinde groweth in some partes of Germanie vppon banckes or diches by the Sea side especially in Flaunders where as in certayne places it groweth plentifully The thirde kinde is to be found in Brabant in the gardens of some Herboristes and there is store of it founde in the Countrie of Languedoc ⧠The Names This kinde of bushe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhamnus vnknowen in shoppes The thirde kinde of Rhamnus is called in Italy Christes thorne †The Nature The leaues of Rhamnus are drie in the seconde degree and colde almost in the first degree †The Vertues The leaues of Rhamnus do cure Erysipelas that is hoate and cholerique inflammations and consuming sores fretting vlcers when it is smal pounde and layde thereto The Physitions of Piemont haue found by experience that the seede of the thirde kinde of Rhamnus is very excellent against the grauell and the stone to be taken in the decoction or otherwise Some hold that the branches or bowes of Rhamnus stickte at mens dores and windowes do driue away Sorcerie and Enchauntmentes that Witches and Sorcerers do vse against men Of Bucke thorne / or Rheyn beries Chap. xxx †The Description THIS plante groweth in manner of a shrub or smal tree whereof the stemme is oftētimes as bigge as ones thigh the wood or timber whereof is yellow within and the barke is of the colour of a Chesnut almost like the barke of the Cherrie tree The branches be set with sharpe thornes both harde prickley and roundish leaues somwhat like the leaues of a gribble grabbe tree or wilding but smaller The flowers are white after whiche there come litle rounde berries at the first greene but afterwarde blacke †The Place This plante groweth in this Countrie in feeldes wooddes and hedges †The Tyme It flowreth in Maye and the fruite is ripe in September Rhamnus solutiuus recentiorum †The Names This thorne is called in Brabant Rhim besien doren in French Nerprun or Bourg espine in high Douche Weghedorn that is to say Way Thorne bycause it groweth alongst the high wayes and pathes in Latine of Matthiolus Spina infectoria and of some others Rhamnus solutiuus the whiche name I doo subscribe vnto bycause I knowe none other Latine name albeit it is nothing lyke to Rhamnus of Dioscorides or of Theophrastus therefore not the right Rhamnus The Italians do cal it Spino Merlo some cal it Spino ceruino Spin guerzo and of Valerius Cordus Cerui spina we may well call it in Englishe Bucke Thorne The fruite of the same thorne is called in Brabant Rhijnbesien that is to say in Latine Baccae Rhenanae in English Rheyn beries bycause there is much of them founde alongst the riuer Rhene in high Douche Weghedornbeer and Cruetzbeer †The Nature It is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The beries of Bucke thorne do purge downeward mightily driuing foorth tough fleme and cholerique humours and that with great force and violence and excesse so that they do very much trouble the body that receiueth the same and oftentimes do cause vomit Wherefore they be not meete to be ministred but to young strong and lustie people of the Countrie whiche do set more store of their money then their lyues But for weake fine and tender people these beries be very dangerous and hurtful bycause of their strong operation And also bycause hitherto there is nothing founde wherewithall to correct the violence thereof or to make it lesse hurtfull Of the same beries before they be rype soked or delayed in Allom water they make a fayre yellowe colour and when they be rype they make a greene colour the which is called in France Verd de vessie in high Douch Safftgrun in base Almaigne Sapgruen in English Sappe greene Of the White Thorne / or Hawthorne tree Chap. xxxi †The Description THE white Thorne most commonly groweth low and crooked wrapped and tangled as a hedge sometimes it groweth vpright after the manner and fashion of a tree and then it waxeth high as a Perrie or wilde Peare tree with a tronke or stemme of a conuenient bignesse wrapped or couered in a barke of gray or ashe colour The branches doo sometimes grow very long and vpright especially when it groweth in hedges and are set ful of long sharpe thornie prickles The leaues be brode and deepe cut in about the borders The flowers be white sweete
smelling in proportion lyke to the flowers of Cherrie trees and Plomtrees after the flowers commeth the fruite whiche is rounde and red The roote is diuided into many wayes and groweth deepe in the grounde ¶ The Place White thorne groweth in hedges and the borders of feeldes gardens and woodes and is very common in this Countrie †The Time It flowreth in May and the fruite is rype in September ⧠The Names This thorne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina acuta of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pyrina and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pytianthe it is Oxyacantha of Dioscorides and the first kinde of Auicens Amyrberis in Englishe White Thorne Hawthorne in French it is called Aube espine in high Douche Hagdorn in base Almaigne Haghedoren and witte Haghedoren It seemeth also to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Rubus canis Canina sentis whereof Theophrastus writeth lib. 3. Cap. 18. ¶ The Nature The fruite of White Thorne is drie and astringent †The Vertues The fruit of this Thorne stoppeth the laske and the flowers of women And as some of the later writers affirme it is good against the grauell and the stone Oxyacantha Dioscoridis Of Boxe tree Chap. xxxij ¶ The Kindes THere are two kinds of Boxe that is to say the great the smal and both are meetely commō in this Countrie †The Description THe great Boxe is a faire great tree with a bigge body or stemme that is harde and meete for to make diuers and sundrie kindes of workes and instrumentes for the timber therof is firme hard and thicke very good to be wrought and cut all manner wayes and lasteth a long space without rotting or corruption It hath many bowes and harde branches as bigge as the armes and branches of some other trees couered with many smal darke greene leaues the which do not fal away in the winter but do remayne greene both winter and Sommer The flowers growe amongst the leaues vpon the litle small branches after whiche commeth the seede whiche is blacke inclosed in round cuppes or huskes somewhat bigger then Coriander beries of colour greene with three feete or legges like the fashion of a kitchin pot wherin meat is prepared and boyled the whiche is very lyuely pictured in Matthiolus last edition The smaller Boxe is a little bushe not lightly exceeding the height of two foote but spreadeth his branches abrode the whiche most commonly do grow very thicke from the roote and sometimes they growe out of a small tronke or stubbed stemme The leaues of this kinde are of a clearer greene or lighter colour and they be also rounder and somewhat smaller than the leaues of the greater Boxe in all other partes lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place Boxe delighteth to growe vpon high colde mountaynes as vpon the hilles and desertes of Switserland and Sauoye and other lyke places where as it groweth plentifully In this Countrie they plante both kindes in some gardens †The Tyme Boxe is planted at the beginning of Nouember it flowreth in February March and in some Countries the seede is ripe in September †The Names Boxe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buxus in Frēch Grand Buys in high Douch Buxbaum in base Almaigne Buxboom and of the common people Palmboom that is to say the Boxe tree and Palme tree bycause vpon Palme Sunday they carie it in their Churches and sticke it rounde about in their houses The smal Boxe is called of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Humi Buxus that is to say Ground Boxe or Dwarffe Boxe in Frenche Petit Buys †The Nature The leaues of Boxe are hoate drie and astringent as the taste doth playnely declare Boxe †The Vertues Boxe is not vsed in medicine and amongst the Auncient writers a man shal find nothing to any purpose written of the faculties therof Notwithstanding there be some ignorant women which do aduance them selues take in hand to cure diseases that they know not who do minister the croppes of the Boxe tree to people sicke of the Apoplexie which is contrarie to al reason For Boxe taken into the body doth not onely hurt the brayne but is very hurtfull for the brayne when it is but smelled to Some learned writers at this time do affirme that the lye in which Boxen leaues haue bene stieped maketh the heare yellow if the head be often washed therewithall Of the prickley Goxe Chap. xxxiij †The Description PRickley Boxe is a tree not muche vnlyke to the other Boxe with many great armes or branches of fiue or sixe foote long or more the leaues be thicke and somewhat rounde lyke Boxen leaues and amongst them growe sharpe pricking Thornes the flowers also growe amongst the leaues and after them there commeth a blacke rounde seede as bigge as a Pepper corne The rootes are woddishe and spreade muche abrode Of the smal branches and rootes of this tree soked in water and boyled or of the pressing foorth of the iuyce of the seede they make Lycium the whiche in times past was muche vsed of Physitions †The Place This prickley Boxe groweth in Cappadocia and Lycia and in some partes of Italie and Slauonia it is yet vnknowen in this Countrie †The Names This thorne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Pyxacantha and Lycium of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Buxus asinina in Frenche Buys espineux or Buys d'asne in base Almaigne Buxdoren after the Greke we may cal it in English Boxe thorne Asses Boxe tree and prickley Boxe also Lycium Thorne Boxe †The Nature Lycium dried is of subtil partes and astringent as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Lycium whiche is made of the branches rootes or seede of Boxe thorne or prickley Boxe helpeth them that haue the laske and blooddy flixe as also those that spet blood and haue the cough It stoppeth the inordinate course of the flowers taken either inwardly or applyed outwardly It is good against corrupt vlcers and running scabbes and sanious running eares the inflammation of the gummes and kernelles called the Almondes vnder the tongue and against the choppes of the lippes and fundament to be layde thereto Pyxacantha Lycium It cleareth the sight and cureth the scurffie festered sores of the eye liddes and corners of the eyes Of Holme / Holly / or Huluer Chap. xxxiiij †The Description HOlme groweth sometimes after the maner af a hedge plant amongst other thornes and bushes and somtimes also it groweth vpright and straight and becommeth a tall high and great tree with a big stemme or body and limbes and branches according to the same The tymber of this tree is harde and heauie and sinketh to the bottome of the water lyke Guaiacum or Lignum sanctum wherevnto our Holly in figure is not much vnlyke The leaues of Holly are thicke and harde of the quantitie of a Bay leafe but full of sharpe