and_o sometime_o of_o be_v hang_v in_o the_o briar_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o disease_n call_v the_o wood-evil_a which_o be_v a_o bladder_n of_o water_n gather_v in_o the_o head_n which_o make_v they_o turn_v round_o and_o so_o they_o will_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o in_o that_o giddy_a turn_a condition_n till_o they_o die_v when_o a_o sheep_n therefore_o be_v take_v with_o this_o distemper_n the_o butcher_n must_v cure_v he_o nevertheless_o young_a cattle_n thrive_v best_a in_o rough_a woody_a ground_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o covert_a and_o the_o large_a walk_n such_o place_n yield_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o fly_n and_o the_o breeze_n the_o grass_n likewise_o of_o such_o place_n though_o course_n and_o sour_a agree_v well_o enough_o with_o young_a cattle_n which_o will_v not_o pay_v for_o their_o keep_v be_v they_o to_o feed_v in_o rich_a pasture_n horse_n especial_o where_o we_o will_v have_v a_o good_a breed_n require_v likewise_o a_o large_a walk_n and_o woody_a such_o as_o those_o in_o park_n which_o be_v dry_a and_o hard_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o withal_o stony_a yet_o cover_v with_o a_o sweet_a turf_n and_o abound_v with_o fresh_a spring_n thicket_n and_o some_o lawn_n or_o pasturage_n disperse_v in_o valley_n and_o fatten_v with_o little_a rivulet_n and_o upon_o this_o score_n it_o be_v that_o the_o northern_a part_n afford_v the_o best_a horse_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v poor_a they_o can_v afford_v they_o a_o large_a range_v which_o help_v their_o wind_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o use_v their_o leg_n and_o the_o stony_a ground_n make_v their_o heel_n tough_a and_o hard_a as_o for_o the_o dairy_n as_o also_o for_o the_o working-cattle_n and_o the_o like_a the_o better_a the_o pasturage_n the_o better_a the_o return_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v overgrow_v with_o couch_n or_o foggy_a grass_n the_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o eat_v it_o down_o in_o winter_n with_o hungry_a hardy_a cattle_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o young_a grass_n begin_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o certain_o it_o will_v and_o soon_o than_o in_o other_o pasturage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thick_a dead_a couch_n or_o grass_n which_o keep_v it_o warm_a and_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o wind_n and_o frost_n then_o be_v the_o time_n to_o turn_v in_o cattle_n and_o especial_o horse_n which_o taste_v of_o the_o young_a spring_a grass_n will_v pluck_v up_o the_o dead_a and_o wither_a together_o with_o it_o afterwhich_v let_v it_o be_v eat_v bare_a with_o sheep_n which_o as_o they_o feed_v will_v fatten_v the_o ground_n with_o their_o dung_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o ground_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o fine_a sweet_a turf_n pasture-ground_n be_v improve_v several_a way_n at_o first_o by_o sow_v of_o foreign_a seed_n such_o as_o clover_n st._n foin_n and_o the_o like_a all_o which_o seed_n must_v be_v sow_o along_o with_o the_o grain_n or_o a_o little_a after_o the_o ground_n be_v prepare_v or_o make_v very_o fine_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n when_o the_o grain_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v barley_n be_v above_o ground_n and_o grow_v to_o some_o strength_n the_o seed_n whether_o of_o clover_n or_o of_o st._n foin_n for_o the_o purpose_n will_v be_v spring_v up_o without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o crop_n and_o keep_v back_o and_o suppress_v weed_n which_o otherways_o will_v endanger_v the_o corn_n and_o poison_v the_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n after_o clover_n thrive_v almost_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o ground_n unless_o very_o stony_a or_o very_a wet_a land_n but_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o a_o mix_v land_n such_o as_o partake_v of_o a_o sand_n and_o something_o a_o fat_a glebe_n the_o same_o manurement_n or_o dress_n which_o serve_v for_o barley_n will_v serve_v likewise_o for_o clover_n which_o will_v last_v good_a in_o the_o ground_n for_o three_o year_n by_o which_o mean_v that_o land_n which_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o noble_a a_o acre_n will_v be_v worth_a 30_o s._n a_o acre_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n may_v be_v mow_v twice_o a_o year_n the_o first_o crop_n serve_v for_o hay_n the_o second_o they_o cut_v for_o seed_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n when_o the_o blossom_n be_v full_o wither_v for_o it_o must_v lie_v wither_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v house_v very_o dry_a which_o be_v something_o difficult_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a dew_n and_o the_o decline_a sun_n at_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n be_v very_o good_a for_o horse_n and_o to_o feed_v pig_n and_o fatten_v sheep_n but_o for_o cattle_n as_o cow_n or_o ox_n if_o they_o be_v turn_v in_o hungry_a they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o overfilling_a themselves_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n to_o swell_v and_o burst_v for_o this_o sort_n of_o food_n be_v exceed_o sweet_a and_o luscious_a the_o way_n than_o be_v to_o turn_v in_o cattle_n when_o they_o be_v full_a though_o at_o the_o best_a this_o sort_n of_o food_n be_v not_o so_o kind_a for_o they_o as_o grass_n when_o the_o clover_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o general_o it_o last_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o year_n at_o most_o the_o ground_n will_v quick_o come_v to_o a_o grassy_a turf_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o every_o one_o who_o lay_v down_o his_o ground_n sore_a pasturage_n to_o leave_v it_o with_o clover_n this_o sort_n of_o improvement_n be_v much_o practise_v in_o herefordshire_n worcestershire_n and_o some_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o after_o some_o little_a interval_n of_o time_n it_o may_v be_v renew_v again_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n and_o so_o on_o the_o soil_n be_v first_o due_o dress_v and_o prepare_v for_o corn._n st._n foin_n where_o it_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v much_o more_o profitable_a than_o clover_n because_o of_o long_a continuance_n it_o require_v a_o quite_o different_a soil_n from_o clover_n for_o it_o thrive_v best_a in_o a_o hilly_a stony_a cold_a and_o barren_a ground_n but_o dry_a such_o as_o that_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o glocestershire_n oxfordshire_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o sort_n of_o grass_n may_v be_v mow_v from_o year_n to_o year_n for_o divers_a year_n together_o and_o when_o it_o die_v after_o a_o few_o year_n intermission_n the_o sow_v of_o it_o may_v be_v renew_v again_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o fodder_n be_v exceed_o good_a for_o horse_n and_o not_o unkind_a for_o cattle_n so_o that_o by_o mean_n hereof_o the_o ground_n which_o before_o be_v not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n shall_v be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o better_o the_o reason_n why_o st._n foin_n thrive_v so_o well_o in_o dry_a stony_a barren_a ground_n be_v this_o it_o be_v a_o plant_n which_o shoot_v its_o small_a fibrous_a root_n a_o great_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n deep_a far_o than_o grain_n or_o common_a herb_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o stony_a surface_n can_v run_v low_a whereas_o st._n foin_n creep_v deep_a by_o its_o root_n betwixt_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n where_o the_o vegitative_a nutriment_n can_v be_v suck_v by_o such_o plant_n as_o feed_v upon_o the_o surface_n which_o general_o lie_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o blow_n and_o because_o st._n foin_n require_v a_o dry_a soil_n such_o barren_a dry_a ground_n be_v most_o sit_v for_o it_o the_o stony_a surface_n and_o the_o decline_a situation_n utter_o forbid_v any_o moisture_n to_o sink_v far_o into_o it_o clover_n likewise_o shoot_v down_o a_o good_a depth_n but_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o st._n foin_n and_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n supplant_v by_o other_o herb_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o prosper_v best_a in_o a_o thrive_a and_o loose_a soil_n and_o general_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o such_o herb_n as_o be_v perennial_a shoot_v deep_a root_v downward_o as_o hop_n dock_n ferne_n broom_n nettles_n and_o the_o like_a whereas_o they_o which_o be_v annual_a lie_v shallow_a on_o the_o surface_n ray_n or_o rye_n grain_n be_v a_o spiry_n benty_n sort_n of_o grass_n and_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o improvement_n much_o of_o the_o same_o continuance_n with_o clover_n and_o thrive_v best_a in_o cold_a wet_a and_o gauly_a ground_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o vogue_n as_o clover_n or_o st._n foin_n another_o way_n of_o improve_n pasturage_n be_v by_o soil_n or_o dress_v of_o the_o ground_n such_o as_o dung_n which_o have_v be_v rot_v some_o year_n as_o likewise_o shoveling_n of_o fold_n and_o the_o mud_n of_o pool_n and_o ditch_n after_o two_o or_o three_o year_n mellow_n but_o i_o know_v not_o any_o thing_n which_o improve_v pasturage_n more_o than_o mault-dust_n so_o that_o every_o one_o who_o trade_n in_o sell_v of_o
up_o do_v throw_v away_o their_o money_n and_o time_n for_o it_o will_v come_v up_o ten_o time_n thick_a than_o before_o sow_v the_o ground_n with_o clover_n will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o destroy_v of_o broom_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v utter_o kill_v it_o by_o reason_n it_o draw_v a_o strong_a juice_n but_o above_o all_o the_o sow_v of_o st._n foin_n without_o all_o dispute_n will_v utter_o kill_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o go_v much_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o root_n of_o broom_n and_o engross_v or_o draw_v all_o the_o vegetative_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o itself_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v fern_n be_v to_o whip_v off_o the_o young_a head_n of_o it_o with_o a_o switch_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o then_o it_o be_v very_o tender_a and_o will_v weep_v or_o bleed_v exceed_o this_o be_v do_v five_o or_o six_o time_n in_o a_o year_n for_o so_o often_o will_v it_o get_v head_n again_o and_o continue_v under_o this_o method_n for_o two_o year_n it_o will_v utter_o destroy_v it_o a_o boy_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n may_v whip_v off_o the_o head_n of_o so_o much_o fern_n as_o will_v poison_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o ten_o or_o twelve_o hour_n labour_v bestow_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n viz._n a_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n will_v purge_v a_o field_n from_o this_o devour_a weed_n for_o by_o often_o whip_v of_o it_o it_o bleed_v and_o be_v bruise_v and_o the_o scorch_a sun_n wither_v it_o in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o i_o have_v before_o describe_v in_o broom_n dyers-weed_n or_o wood-wax_n where_o it_o grow_v be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a weed_n it_o rob_v the_o ground_n exceed_o and_o its_o bitterness_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o cattle_n to_o eat_v it_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v destroy_v by_o mow_v the_o only_a way_n i_o can_v ever_o find_v be_v to_o graze_v the_o ground_n which_o be_v pester_v with_o it_o by_o sheep_n and_o eat_v it_o bare_a for_o sheep_n bite_v close_o and_o love_v this_o sort_n of_o herb_n very_o well_o and_o it_o be_v say_v moreover_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o rot_n and_o the_o hay_n or_o father_n make_v thereof_o be_v good_a for_o they_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o for_o thistle_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v destroy_v as_o fern_n by_o cut_v breaking-up_a and_o sow_v the_o ground_n with_o clover_n be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o kill_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o will_v die_v of_o themselves_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o dock_n nettle_n and_o suchlike_a trash_n which_o proceed_v common_o from_o the_o indigested_a rankness_n of_o the_o soil_n liming_n of_o the_o ground_n whether_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o suppression_n of_o these_o weed_n moss_n be_v a_o great_a impoverisher_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v the_o pure_a effect_n of_o old_a age_n or_o of_o wear_v out_o nature_n so_o that_o grow_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o thick_a mat_n or_o scurf_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rob_v the_o herb_n of_o their_o due_a nourishment_n or_o more_o probable_o i_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o heart_n be_v able_a to_o put_v forth_o nothing_o but_o this_o dry_a kind_n of_o trash_n and_o although_o '_o dress_n the_o ground_n with_o rich_a earth_n or_o dung_n may_v encourage_v the_o earth_n to_o put_v forth_o anew_o yet_o it_o will_v never_o answer_v the_o charge_n and_o soon_o return_v to_o moss_n again_o like_o a_o old_a overworn_a man_n who_o though_o he_o may_v get_v a_o little_a strength_n and_o warmth_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o plentiful_a and_o nourish_a diet_n yet_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v withdraw_v nature_n relapse_n to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o languor_n and_o imbecility_n there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n then_o to_o destroy_v moss_n but_o by_o breaking-up_a such_o pasture_n and_o till_v it_o with_o corn_n for_o this_o bring_v up_o the_o mould_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n lay_v under_o the_o turf_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o dews_n quick_o acquire_v a_o prolific_a or_o vegetative_a virtue_n the_o divide_v of_o pasture-ground_n into_o little_a close_n be_v not_o the_o most_o profitable_a for_o beside_o the_o vexation_n and_o expense_n one_o will_v be_v at_o perpetual_o in_o make_v and_o repair_v such_o fence_n as_o also_o the_o loss_n of_o ground_n by_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o cattle_n thrive_v far_o better_o in_o a_o large_a walk_n for_o the_o grass_n which_o grow_v under_o the_o dropping_n of_o tree_n be_v sour_a and_o trashy_a and_o in_o the_o summer-season_n when_o cattle_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o breeze_n they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o break_v out_o where_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o range_v likewise_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o have_v water_n in_o a_o large_a field_n of_o forty_o acre_n than_o to_o furnish_v the_o same_o with_o water_n when_o divide_v into_o six_o or_o seven_o little_a ground_n sore_o in_o so_o great_a a_o space_n as_o a_o field_n of_o forty_o acre_n it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o but_o we_o may_v find_v some_o one_o place_n which_o may_v serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o cattle_n but_o to_o find_v the_o like_a convenience_n in_o divers_a part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o difficult_a so_o that_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n of_o ten_o acre_n will_v keep_v a_o stock_n of_o cattle_n long_o than_o sour_a close_n of_o three_o acre_n each_o though_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o goodness_n for_o in_o lesser_a ground_n cattle_n quick_o walk_v over_o they_o and_o be_v sully_v and_o stain_v with_o their_o foot_n they_o will_v not_o care_v to_o feed_v thereon_o whereas_o in_o large_a field_n they_o have_v room_n to_o range_v and_o feed_v till_o the_o stain_a place_n be_v refresh_v with_o rain_n or_o with_o the_o dew_n chap._n iu._n of_o fence_n mound_n and_o fence_n be_v matter_n of_o great_a moment_n in_o husbandry_n and_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o quick_a dead_a fence_n be_v bank_n or_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n stone_n wall_n pale_n ditch_n or_o current_n of_o water_n and_o the_o like_a for_o unless_o these_o thing_n be_v put_v in_o good_a order_n all_o our_o industry_n about_o our_o pasturage_n and_o tillage_n will_v signify_v but_o little_a whilst_o they_o lie_v expose_v to_o trespassing_n and_o be_v as_o for_o bank_n of_o earth_n they_o be_v most_o use_v near_o city_n where_o it_o be_v impossible_a almost_o to_o raise_v a_o quickhedge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o poor_a who_o inhabit_v the_o out-skirt_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o especial_o in_o cold_a wether_n will_v make_v plunder_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v combustible_a the_o great_a multitude_n likewise_o of_o citizen_n and_o of_o idle_a person_n walk_v for_o their_o pleasure_n as_o also_o of_o gentleman_n and_o country_n people_n resort_v continual_o to_o city_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o markete_v and_o other_o business_n all_o enclosure_n of_o this_o kind_n will_v unavoidable_o be_v lay_v waist_n especial_o in_o the_o winter-season_n and_o it_o will_v require_v some_o year_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o quickset-hedge_n whereas_o bank_n of_o earth_n be_v easy_o mend_v and_o not_o easy_o assault_v by_o horseman_n nor_o liable_a to_o be_v spoil_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o fuel_n such_o kind_n of_o fence_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o corn_n there_o be_v no_o harbour_n for_o bird_n nor_o shade_n but_o for_o pasturage_n they_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o afford_v neither_o shelter_n against_o the_o sun_n or_o weather_n fence_n of_o pale_n be_v use_v general_o about_o park_n the_o ruggedness_n of_o the_o cleft_n be_v very_o proper_a to_o hinder_v deer_n from_o break_v out_o it_o be_v easy_a also_o to_o open_v or_o shut_v a_o breach_n by_o remove_v or_o pin_v two_o or_o three_o pole_n a_o thing_n very_o convenient_a for_o a_o enclosure_n of_o chase_n stone_n wall_n be_v too_o chargeable_a unless_o in_o such_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_o dry_a and_o stony_a as_o on_o cotsall_n hill_n for_o there_o the_o stone_n lie_v in_o all_o place_n ready_a to_o hand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v do_v but_o to_o lay_v they_o orderly_o upon_o one_o another_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o stonework_n lay_v dry_a and_o without_o mortar_n will_v continue_v for_o age_n as_o for_o canal_n or_o stream_n of_o running-water_n they_o be_v the_o best_a boundary_n of_o all_o for_o beside_o the_o advantage_n derivable_a to_o the_o ground_n by_o water_v they_o afford_v infinite_a pleasure_n and_o profit_n by_o fish_n and_o serve_v the_o occasion_n of_o cattle_n and_o sometime_o also_o by_o traffic_n as_o in_o
nor_o indeed_o be_v ever_o so_o thrifty_a as_o before_o so_o that_o from_o that_o time_n to_o this_o we_o find_v all_o sort_n of_o timber_n grow_v scarce_a and_o dear_a and_o so_o it_o be_v likely_a still_o to_o continue_v it_o be_v well_o we_o be_v in_o good_a term_n with_o the_o northern_a crown_n but_o shall_v we_o once_o have_v a_o difference_n with_o they_o we_o may_v soon_o expect_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n especial_o when_o the_o iron-work_n those_o great_a devourer_n of_o fuel_n shall_v multiply_v upon_o we_o to_o furnish_v the_o kingdom_n with_o such_o iron-provision_n and_o store_n as_o be_v now_o bring_v from_o thence_o and_o all_o but_o little_a enough_o to_o serve_v our_o occasion_n so_o that_o upon_o such_o a_o general_a slaughter_n or_o rather_o massacre_n of_o wood_n as_o will_v be_v make_v in_o such_o a_o conjuncture_n we_o can_v not_o but_o become_v a_o easy_a prey_n to_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o our_o parliament_n more_o than_o ever_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o such_o practice_n as_o shall_v undue_o diminish_v the_o growth_n of_o such_o a_o necessary_a commodity_n as_o also_o to_o encourage_v the_o plant_n of_o it_o by_o some_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n and_o particular_o to_o encourage_v the_o plant_n of_o wood_n in_o such_o heath_n and_o barren_a ground_n as_o lie_v commodious_a to_o any_o navigable_a river_n or_o near_o such_o port_n and_o harbour_n to_o which_o our_o ship_n do_v most_o resort_n but_o of_o thing_n relate_v to_o this_o subject_n more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o discourse_v of_o the_o fuel_n of_o london_n chap._n viii_o of_o tree_n as_o they_o be_v useful_a in_o husbandry_n every_o husbandman_n or_o farmer_n though_o he_o be_v not_o master_n of_o a_o park_n or_o of_o fair_a wood_n aught_o to_o have_v his_o ground_n well_o store_v with_o such_o tree_n as_o may_v promote_v his_o husbandry_n such_o as_o elm_n oak_n and_o ash_n as_o likewise_o to_o be_v commodious_o furnish_v with_o aqualick_n or_o such_o as_o grow_v near_o the_o brook_n and_o water_n as_o sally_n withy_n and_o orles_n for_o these_o tree_n though_o of_o less_o bulk_n be_v very_o serviceable_a and_o first_o i_o begin_v with_o elm_n elm_n then_o as_o also_o poplar_n be_v cut_v at_o the_o butt_n do_v coppice_n or_o cast_v forth_o new_a shoot_v in_o great_a abundance_n so_o that_o so_o far_o as_o their_o root_n spread_v under_o ground_n they_o will_v sprout_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o a_o little_a forest_n for_o there_o be_v no_o branch_n to_o draw_v the_o sap_n the_o root_n cast_v forth_o or_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o what_o may_v be_v spare_v from_o the_o main_a tree_n towards_o the_o raise_n a_o new_a offspring_n these_o young_a plant_n if_o preserve_v from_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n will_v grow_v considerable_o but_o not_o to_o substance_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a multitude_n the_o more_o therefore_o of_o these_o young_a sprouts_n be_v wed_v away_o the_o fair_a will_v be_v the_o remainder_n they_o be_v better_o therefore_o propagate_v this_o way_n than_o by_o transplantation_n though_o if_o transplant_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o mow_v grass_n or_o weed_n and_o lay_v they_o about_o the_o root_n which_o will_v keep_v the_o ground_n moist_a sweat_a and_o defend_v the_o root_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o some_o stone_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o grass_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o for_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o grass_n hollow_a and_o preserve_v it_o from_o wither_v and_o bake_v together_o the_o like_a help_n may_v be_v use_v to_o preserve_v fruit-tree_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n whatsoever_o elm_n in_o husbandry_n be_v useful_a for_o stock_n and_o valley_n for_o wheel_n for_o ox-bow_n as_o also_o for_o harrow_n this_o wood_n likewise_o be_v good_a in_o rail_n and_o gate_n if_o saw_v thin_a not_o be_v apt_a to_o rove_v like_o oak_n and_o be_v light_n will_v shut_v and_o open_v with_o more_o ease_n board_n of_o elm_n be_v good_a likewise_o for_o floor_n and_o door_n of_o room_n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o oak_n because_o subject_a to_o swell_v and_o shrink_v upon_o alteration_n of_o wether_n the_o season_n of_o cut_v they_o be_v from_o allhallontide_n to_o candlemas_n but_o if_o cut_v in_o the_o summer_n let_v they_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o water_n for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n and_o that_o will_v fetch_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o worm_n a_o old_a barr-oak_n be_v cut_v at_o the_o butt_n will_v never_o coppice_n more_o but_o sapling_n or_o young_a timber_n will_v shoot_v from_o the_o butt_n but_o not_o sprout_v forth_o of_o the_o ground_n round_o about_o like_o elm_n and_o poplar_n oak_n therefore_o be_v best_a raise_v of_o acorn_n especial_o in_o large_a field_n for_o if_o acorn_n be_v set_v in_o a_o small_a quantity_n they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v destroy_v by_o mole_n or_o field-mice_n who_o be_v of_o a_o strange_a quick_a scent_n and_o will_v get_v they_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n though_o never_o so_o well_o cover_v and_o carry_v they_o to_o their_o little_a hold_n or_o storehouse_n oak_n though_o they_o be_v account_v the_o long_a liver_n among_o the_o tree_n of_o this_o island_n perish_v soon_o by_o cold_a and_o drought_n of_o any_o except_v poplar_n and_o asp_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o 84_o be_v the_o year_n follow_v that_o severe_a frost_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o oak_n especial_o the_o old_a one_o wither_a away_o the_o follow_a summer_n which_o prove_v exceed_v dry_a and_o of_o sound_a timber-tree_n many_o be_v split_v and_o cleave_v to_o the_o very_a heart_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v put_v his_o finger_n in_o the_o cleft_n or_o rend_v which_o close_v up_o again_o when_o the_o frost_n be_v over_o and_o although_o they_o seem_v to_o the_o eye_n to_o have_v receive_v no_o damage_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v silly_a or_o weep_v or_o shatter_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n unserviceable_a be_v saw_v for_o though_o the_o gap_n and_o cleft_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o frost_n heal_v up_o again_o leave_v sometime_o no_o seam_n nor_o scar_n in_o outward_a appearance_n nevertheless_o when_o such_o tree_n be_v cut_v the_o wound_n will_v soon_o appear_v so_o that_o the_o damage_n do_v that_o winter_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o will_v not_o be_v repair_v in_o many_o age_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o good_a timber_n to_o be_v a_o commodity_n which_o will_v every_o day_n grow_v more_o scarce_o than_o other_o and_o such_o true_o be_v the_o violence_n of_o that_o frost_n that_o as_o i_o very_o well_o remember_v it_o rend_v a_o stone-wall_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n so_o wide_a that_o i_o can_v lay_v my_o finger_n in_o the_o cleft_n the_o crack_v run_v and_o turn_v with_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n which_o breach_n at_o spring_n close_v up_o again_o leave_v no_o mark_n of_o rupture_n behind_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o rocky_a foundation_n in_o the_o water_n of_o all_o tree_n elm_n resist_v cold_a the_o best_a for_o i_o observe_v not_o one_o to_o perish_v by_o that_o rigid_a season_n oak_n serve_v for_o several_a use_v in_o husbandry_n as_o for_o plank_n and_o bed_n for_o wane_v for_o spoke_n in_o wheel_n for_o vessel-stave_n and_o for_o all_o the_o occasion_n of_o building_n it_o be_v the_o wood_n which_o be_v most_o durable_a and_o beautiful_a if_o you_o cast_v beech_n or_o quarter-wood_n into_o the_o water_n be_v saw_v green_a and_o let_v they_o lie_v therein_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n and_o better_o it_o will_v fetch_v out_o the_o sap_n and_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o use_v quick_o likewise_o sapling_n be_v cast_v green_a into_o the_o water_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v there_o for_o some_o time_n become_v tough_a and_o hard_a and_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o worm_n as_o appear_v by_o axletree_n so_o that_o a_o gate_n or_o rail_n make_v of_o young_a pole_n thus_o season_v shall_v last_v many_o year_n and_o never_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o worm_n nor_o to_o â—ove_v or_o warp_v by_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o word_n i_o hold_v it_o best_a to_o cast_v all_o sort_n of_o saw_v or_o cleave_v oak_n as_o board_n window-stuff_n spoke_n pipe-wood_n or_o stair_n pin-wood_n waine-bed_n etc._n etc._n into_o the_o water_n there_o to_o season_n for_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o warp_v or_o cast_v oak_n elm_n and_o general_o all_o tree_n whatsoever_o be_v crop_v or_o have_v the_o head_n cut_v off_o so_o that_o they_o can_v stretch_v themselves_o high_a grow_v more_o bulky_a and_o burry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o a_o oak_n thus_o dwarf_v to_o contain_v six_o yard_n in_o compass_n for_o such_o tree_n rot_v and_o
set_v be_v make_v by_o a_o sharp_a strong_a stake_n it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o set_v not_o reach_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hole_n may_v wither_v away_o for_o want_n of_o earth_n to_o give_v it_o root_n and_o nourishment_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o hollow_a space_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o butt-end_n of_o the_o set_v and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hole_n as_o the_o same_o hollowness_n contain_v water_n all_o the_o winter_n help_v likewise_o to_o starve_v the_o root_n be_v void_a of_o earth_n to_o cherish_v it_o orles_n be_v great_a grower_n where_o they_o like_v their_o soil_n which_o common_o be_v a_o boggy_a and_o marshy_a ground_n they_o be_v raise_v by_o seed_n they_o say_v by_o cut_v young_a pole_n and_o lay_v or_o bury_v they_o in_o the_o ground_n at_o length_n and_o be_v well_o cover_v with_o earth_n they_o will_v shoot_v out_o in_o very_o great_a abundance_n and_o if_o they_o be_v strip_v or_o bark_v and_o let_v stand_v a_o year_n after_o they_o will_v never_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o worm_n and_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o raft_v of_o barn_n as_o be_v straight_o and_o light_n they_o will_v make_v likewise_o very_o handsome_a light_a ladder_n and_o where_o the_o wood_n be_v grow_v to_o any_o substance_n it_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o turner_n in_o make_v all_o sort_n of_o little_a wooden_a ware_n moreover_o be_v a_o quick_a grower_n as_o all_o aqualick_n be_v they_o be_v profitable_a enough_o for_o the_o fire_n and_o whosoever_o will_v affect_v the_o propagation_n of_o these_o tree_n beside_o the_o way_n beforementioned_a by_o bury_v of_o pole_n length-way_n of_o which_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o make_v experience_n may_v raise_v whole_a forest_n of_o they_o by_o sow_v their_o key_n or_o seed_n upon_o any_o boggy_a ground_n light_o cover_v over_o or_o dress_v with_o faâ—th_n and_o keep_v for_o a_o time_n from_o the_o spoil_n of_o cattle_n chap._n ix_o of_o fruit-tree_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o coppice-wood_n as_o also_o of_o tree_n as_o they_o stand_v useful_a for_o husbandry_n we_o be_v now_o to_o consider_v plant_v as_o it_o extend_v to_o fruit-tree_n which_o be_v just_o esteem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o pleasant_a as_o likewise_o the_o most_o profitable_a improvement_n which_o a_o country_n gentleman_n or_o a_o good_a husbandman_n can_v make_v of_o his_o estate_n this_o i_o shall_v discourse_v of_o under_o these_o particular_n viz._n of_o seed_n nursery_n graft_v soil_n cultivation_n the_o several_a kind_n or_o species_n of_o fruit-tree_n with_o some_o cursory_a remark_n upon_o cider_n and_o first_o for_o seed_n i_o hold_v crab-kernel_n to_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a of_o any_o for_o a_o seed-plot_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o crab-stock_n seem_v to_o have_v these_o advantage_n above_o any_o other_o for_o first_o it_o be_v more_o hardy_a against_o the_o intemperance_n of_o wether_n in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v less_o capable_a of_o injury_n from_o gauling_n or_o bruise_n and_o bite_n of_o cattle_n for_o the_o wound_v they_o receive_v this_o way_n will_v soon_o heal_v likewise_o it_o be_v less_o subject_a to_o the_o canker_n and_o of_o long_a continuance_n than_o any_o kernel-stock_n or_o wilding_n whatsoever_o and_o although_o the_o grass_n shall_v die_v the_o stock_n will_v weather_v it_o out_o and_o after_o a_o little_a time_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v re-grafted_n whereas_o wilding_n or_o stock_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o graft_a fruit_n will_v rare_o resist_v and_o survive_v such_o disaster_n but_o the_o way_n of_o order_v such_o seed_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o further_a care_n for_o to_o throw_v they_o upon_o the_o ground_n after_o cyder-making_a time_n as_o common_o man_n do_v unless_o they_o be_v in_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o hazardous_a for_o beside_o poultry_n bird_n pig_n and_o the_o like_a which_o at_o all_o time_n will_v be_v feed_v and_o muzzle_v on_o they_o there_o be_v a_o far_o worse_a enemy_n and_o that_o be_v the_o mole_n or_o fieldmouse_n a_o species_n of_o vermin_n betwixt_o a_o want_n and_o a_o house-mouse_n these_o mole_n or_o field-mice_n i_o say_v will_v feed_v upon_o the_o kernel_n all_o the_o winter-season_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o of_o a_o thousand_o kernel_n hand-set_a in_o my_o garden_n and_o well_o cover_v with_o earth_n with_o the_o great_a care_n imaginable_a they_o have_v be_v all_o steal_v away_o by_o these_o vermin_n in_o a_o month_n time_n and_o less_o so_o quick-scented_n and_o sagacious_a be_v they_o dig_v up_o the_o seed_n with_o as_o much_o neatness_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o finger_n the_o like_a damage_n i_o have_v find_v in_o acorn_n filbird_n walnut_n and_o the_o like_a though_o cover_v with_o lime_n and_o soot_n all_o which_o have_v be_v dug-up_a and_o hoard_a by_o these_o mischievous_a vermin_n in_o hole_n of_o wall_n and_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o hollow_a tree_n to_o serve_v they_o all_o the_o winter_n the_o best_a way_n then_o to_o destroy_v these_o vermin_n be_v by_o good_a cat_n or_o before_o we_o sow_v or_o set_v our_o kernel_n to_o wet_v some_o kernel_n and_o flower_n they_o with_o arsenic_n for_o this_o will_v do_v their_o work_n effectual_o as_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n but_o there_o be_v a_o danger_n herein_o lest_o dog_n cat_n or_o swine_n or_o poultry_n shall_v meet_v either_o with_o the_o bait_n or_o the_o vermin_n as_o for_o those_o silly_a scribbler_n who_o write_v of_o husbandry_n and_o talk_v of_o place_v butter-pot_n or_o trap_n underground_n to_o catch_v they_o in_o they_o catch_v nothing_o but_o such_o fool_n as_o rely_v upon_o their_o whimsy_n for_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o never_o make_v any_o experiment_n of_o this_o nature_n with_o success_n seek_v only_o to_o entertain_v their_o reader_n with_o curious_a gimcrack_n if_o a_o garden_n therefore_o oâ—_n seed-plot_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o vermin_n as_o there_o be_v few_o but_o be_v there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n but_o to_o throw_v many_o load_v of_o muck_n or_o must_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o some_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o escape_v and_o sprout_v or_o else_o to_o keep_v the_o must_v thin_o spread_v in_o a_o dry_a room_n till_o spring_n and_o then_o sow_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n light_o haw_v up_o and_o powder_v over_o with_o fine_a black_a earth_n through_o a_o sieve_n together_o with_o some_o short_a straw_n or_o mullock_n throw_v over_o to_o preserve_v they_o from_o bird_n together_o with_o thorn_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o poultry_n they_o will_v quick_o sprout_v out_o in_o that_o season_n and_o prevent_v the_o spoil_n from_o mouse_n who_o likewise_o in_o warm_a wether_n and_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o spring_n will_v not_o be_v so_o solicitous_a to_o make_v their_o magazine_n i_o say_v than_o the_o mulk_n or_o must_v aught_o to_o be_v lay_v upon_o a_o dry_a floor_n and_o thin_o spread_v and_o oftentimes_o turn_v be_v sine_o rub_v and_o crumble_v for_o lie_v in_o great_a clod_n much_o more_o in_o great_a heap_n it_o will_v heat_v and_o rot_v the_o kernel_n or_o if_o the_o kernel_n be_v hand-picked_a out_o of_o the_o pulse_n of_o the_o crab_n after_o grind_v and_o preserve_v in_o a_o box_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o spring_n it_o will_v be_v the_o sure_a way_n of_o succeed_a though_o with_o a_o little_a more_o trouble_n and_o thus_o have_v sow_v the_o kernel_n and_o prepare_v the_o ground_n you_o will_v see_v they_o spring_v up_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n in_o a_o great_a plat_v or_o forest_n where_o grow_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n the_o next_o care_n must_v be_v to_o form_v a_o nursery_n by_o remove_v they_o out_o of_o the_o seed-plot_n there_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n which_o send_v shoot_v from_o the_o root_n as_o pear_n plum_n and_o cherry_n and_o if_o a_o old_a tree_n be_v cut_v down_o at_o the_o butt_n there_o will_v shout_v up_o a_o great_a number_n of_o young_a wilding_n which_o may_v be_v remove_v to_o serve_v occasion_n or_o be_v bud_v with_o choice_a fruit_n but_o these_o curiosity_n concern_v the_o garden_n rather_o than_o the_o orchard_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a i_o be_o now_o speak_v to_o when_o young_a quick_v therefore_o be_v ready_a to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o seed-plot_n our_o next_o consideration_n be_v of_o the_o ground_n design_v for_o a_o nursery_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v over-rank_n for_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o couch_n grass_n but_o be_v well_o dug_n and_o prepare_v trim_v your_o quick_v and_o set_v they_o in_o line_n each_o row_n as_o also_o cach_v quick_a at_o a_o yard_n distance_n from_o each_o other_o cast_v into_o the_o trench_n good_a fine_a earth_n with_o some_o well-rotted_n horse-dung_n mix_v together_o and_o then_o cover_v
under_o the_o title_n of_o sacerdotes_fw-la arrorum_n their_o number_n be_v twelve_o of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v one_o condescend_v to_o be_v call_v the_o twelve_o brother_n of_o that_o fraternity_n be_v solemn_o install_v thereunto_o by_o laurentia_n acca_n his_o foster-mother_n who_o plat_v a_o garland_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n bind_v it_o on_o his_o head_n with_o her_o white_a fillet_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v the_o most_o sacred_a badge_n of_o priesthood_n and_o be_v the_o first_o crown_n that_o we_o read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o so_o great_a honour_n be_v it_o hold_v in_o after_o age_n that_o nothing_o but_o death_n can_v put_v a_o period_n to_o it_o and_o be_v ever_o enjoy_v even_o in_o time_n of_o exile_n and_o captivity_n no_o wonder_n then_o if_o even_o king_n themselves_o delight_v to_o write_v of_o husbandry_n such_o as_o hiero_n philometor_n archelaus_n and_o attalus_n among_o militant_a person_n xenophon_n be_v eminent_a this_o way_n but_o much_o more_o famous_a be_v mago_n the_o carthaginian_a and_o brother_n of_o hannibal_n which_o work_v of_o his_o be_v hold_v in_o that_o esteem_n as_o to_o be_v translate_v into_o divers_a language_n a_o epitome_n whereof_o made_z greek_z be_v send_v to_o dejotarus_n as_o a_o jewel_n of_o inestimable_a value_n and_o particular_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o roman_n to_o be_v so_o precious_a that_o among_o all_o the_o african_a monument_n of_o learning_n this_o alone_o be_v think_v worthy_a of_o the_o roman_n care_n and_o to_o be_v preserve_v upon_o the_o subversion_n of_o carthage_n be_v translate_v likewise_o into_o the_o roman_a language_n by_o the_o care_n and_o direction_n of_o m._n cato_n among_o philosopher_n who_o work_n be_v extant_a aristotle_n pliny_n and_o terentius_n varro_n signalise_v themselves_o upon_o this_o subject_a as_o do_v also_o theocritus_n hesiod_n and_o virgil_n among_o the_o ancient_a poet_n with_o infinite_a other_o writer_n of_o modern_a date_n and_o such_o a_o influence_n true_o have_v the_o art_n and_o practice_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n that_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o they_o in_o all_o age_n whether_o for_o military_a or_o civil_a employment_n do_v ever_o betake_v themselves_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o to_o this_o course_n of_o life_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o every_o roman_a of_o old_a have_v his_o villa_n where_o to_o bestow_v himself_o in_o time_n of_o vacancy_n from_o business_n as_o they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o italy_n and_o elsewhere_o belike_o think_v themselves_o then_o most_o happy_a when_o they_o take_v up_o with_o the_o entertainment_n of_o their_o vineyard_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o a_o country_n life_n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o enlarge_v on_o that_o which_o be_v so_o obvious_a to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o general_n or_o commonwealth_n this_o be_v that_o great_a vein_n by_o which_o the_o blood_n be_v distribute_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n or_o rather_o the_o very_a blood_n itself_o since_o it_o be_v disfuse_v over_o the_o whole_a nor_o can_v any_o part_n or_o member_n subsist_v without_o it_o it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o the_o manufacture_n and_o commodity_n which_o we_o export_v or_o receive_v from_o foreign_a part_n be_v but_o the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o first_o or_o second_o hand_n corn_n wine_n oil_n fruit_n cloth_n linen_n or_o woollen_a silk_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o they_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o earth_n cultivate_v by_o art_n and_o industry_n and_o as_o the_o husbandman_n be_v most_o necessary_a to_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n so_o be_v he_o as_o useful_a in_o time_n of_o war_n since_o all_o the_o store_n and_o magazine_n by_o which_o garrison_n and_o army_n in_o the_o field_n be_v sustain_v be_v derive_v from_o his_o labour_n and_o providence_n the_o description_n therefore_o which_o the_o poet_n give_v of_o old_a italy_n that_o it_o be_v potens_fw-la armis_fw-la atque_fw-la vbere_fw-la gleba_fw-la be_v well_o concert_v for_o italy_n as_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a so_o it_o be_v the_o most_o martial_a and_o victorious_a country_n under_o heaven_n give_v law_n to_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o be_v it_o under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o prince_n it_o may_v possible_o pretend_v to_o be_v once_o more_o the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v heretofore_o when_o the_o boundary_n of_o its_o empire_n be_v the_o ocean_n which_o it_o exceed_v to_o in_o greatness_n of_o extent_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v possible_a for_o flanders_n with_o the_o other_o neighbour_a country_n to_o sustain_v such_o vast_a army_n and_o to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o war_n and_o desolation_n for_o so_o many_o age_n together_o with_o such_o immense_a loss_n and_o calamity_n be_v they_o not_o enable_v thereunto_o by_o the_o invincible_a industry_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n and_o by_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o we_o regard_v the_o particular_a interest_n of_o private_a person_n no_o less_o obvious_a be_v it_o that_o nothing_o can_v more_o advance_v it_o than_o husbandry_n the_o great_a estate_n and_o fortune_n which_o many_o man_n arrive_v to_o this_o way_n be_v a_o certain_a proof_n of_o this_o truth_n if_o some_o miscarry_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n whether_o it_o be_v through_o their_o own_o ill_a course_n of_o life_n ignorance_n or_o negligence_n or_o perhaps_o from_o some_o sinister_a accident_n from_o which_o no_o state_n or_o condition_n can_v be_v exempt_v but_o in_o the_o general_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o consider_v the_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o husbandry_n none_o make_v a_o sure_a fortune_n than_o those_o who_o follow_v it_o there_o be_v ten_o bankrupt_a tradesman_n or_o merchant_n for_o one_o husbandman_n consideration_n be_v have_v i_o say_v to_o the_o farm_n which_o far_o exceed_v the_o shop_n in_o number_n and_o as_o to_o our_o native_a country_n in_o particular_a it_o enjoy_v certain_o many_o advantage_n above_o any_o country_n whatsoever_o for_o in_o foreign_a kingdom_n so_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o province_n abound_v only_o with_o corn_n another_o be_v in_o reputation_n for_o wine_n a_o three_o be_v eminent_a for_o herbage_n a_o four_o for_o boscage_n in_o which_o case_n man_n must_v be_v behold_v to_o remote_a part_n for_o necessary_n which_o be_v a_o business_n of_o great_a expense_n trouble_v and_o delay_v for_o instance_n picardy_n and_o normandy_n be_v great_a corn-country_n but_o have_v little_a wood_n wine_n or_o pasturage_n all_o which_o necessary_n be_v from_o far_o be_v very_o chargeable_a holland_n be_v famous_a for_o butter_n and_o cheese_n but_o it_o must_v be_v oblige_v to_o foreign_a country_n for_o almost_o all_o its_o other_o commodity_n whereas_o with_o we_o in_o england_n there_o be_v rare_o a_o farm_n of_o fifty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la but_o have_v meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n belong_v to_o it_o together_o with_o some_o wood_n or_o coppice_n as_o likewise_o with_o arable_a land_n for_o corn_n with_o sheep-pasture_n as_o also_o with_o tree_n for_o building_n for_o the_o occasion_n of_o husbandry_n for_o fire_n and_o in_o many_o place_n for_o fruit_n and_o rich_a liquor_n be_v yet_o far_o bless_v with_o fresh_a and_o wholesome_a water_n almost_o in_o every_o ground_n or_o with_o some_o little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n run_v near_o it_o so_o that_o a_o man_n enjoy_v all_o thing_n almost_o within_o himself_o of_o which_o he_o can_v stand_v in_o need_n without_o any_o dependence_n upon_o other_o or_o of_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o want_n by_o any_o difficulty_n in_o the_o conveyance_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o some_o respect_v foreign_a country_n have_v a_o advantage_n over_o we_o not_o only_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n which_o general_o require_v less_o manurement_n than_o with_o we_o but_o also_o from_o the_o wood_n which_o in_o hot_a country_n be_v much_o more_o easy_a be_v general_o dry_a smooth_a and_o fit_a for_o team_n or_o carriage_n at_o all_o season_n or_o else_o they_o have_v artificial_a canal_n as_o in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o considerable_a to_o a_o farmer_n who_o keep_v the_o market_n so_o that_o little_a profit_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o farm_n be_v the_o ground_n never_o so_o good_a which_o lie_v not_o near_o to_o a_o good_a market-town_n or_o which_o want_v the_o conveniency_n of_o good_a road_n or_o of_o a_o navigable_a river_n the_o italian_a say_v of_o buona_n terra_n cativa_fw-la gente_fw-la have_v be_v by_o some_o apply_v to_o our_o country_n with_o respect_n doubtless_o to_o the_o peasantry_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o as_o for_o the_o ancient_a gentry_n
that_o the_o worm_n most_o resort_v and_o by_o consequence_n the_o want_v who_o feed_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o i_o have_v know_v the_o same_o place_n choke_v up_o three_o or_o four_o time_n afresh_o during_o the_o winter-season_n ground_n new_o break_v up_o may_v be_v sow_o with_o some_o sort_n of_o pease_n or_o oat_n pease_n be_v better_o and_o must_v be_v harrow_v in_o after_o the_o plough_v but_o general_o the_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o upon_o temper_a land_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o grass_n and_o weed_n after_o pease_n the_o year_n follow_v we_o may_v sow_v barley_n for_o there_o will_v be_v time_n enough_o betwixt_o harvest_n and_o barley-sowing_a to_o give_v the_o ground_n its_o due_a plowing_n after_o the_o second_o crop_n it_o must_v be_v fallowed_a and_o dress_v before_o it_o will_v yield_v another_o unless_o it_o be_v sow_v with_o oat_n which_o will_v much_o impoverish_v the_o ground_n it_o be_v the_o best_a method_n therefore_o to_o let_v old_a land_n after_o it_o have_v be_v break_v up_o to_o lie_v fallow_a the_o first_o year_n and_o if_o in_o good_a proof_n it_o will_v with_o a_o little_a help_n yield_v three_o crop_n successive_o in_o lesser_a enclosure_n which_o be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n i_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a husbandry_n in_o the_o world_n instead_o of_o headland_n on_o which_o the_o cattle_n turn_v not_o to_o sow_v they_o but_o to_o let_v they_o lie_v plain_a for_o grass_n as_o also_o a_o large_a mere_a to_o be_v leave_v of_o ten_o or_o fourteen_o yard_n breadth_n under_o all_o the_o hedge_n which_o enclose_v the_o tillage_n for_o these_o border_n will_v never_o bear_v good_a corn_n especial_o if_o the_o hedge_n be_v quick_a and_o high_a and_o store_v with_o tree_n for_o the_o shade_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o hedge_n as_o also_o the_o dropping_n from_o the_o bough_n will_v destroy_v the_o crop_n as_o will_v also_o the_o bird_n which_o lie_v continual_o in_o the_o hedge_n the_o root_n likewise_o of_o the_o tree_n and_o quick_n will_v rob_v the_o corn_n of_o its_o due_a nourishment_n let_v the_o border_n round_o about_o therefore_o be_v keep_v for_o grass_n which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o delightful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o most_o commodious_a for_o walk_v so_o be_v it_o most_o profitable_a for_o the_o wash_n or_o land-flood_n run_v off_o the_o furrow_n will_v fatten_v the_o border_a mere_a in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n and_o make_v it_o as_o rich_a as_o any_o meadow-ground_n as_o the_o shade_n likewise_o of_o the_o tree_n and_o hedge_n will_v as_o well_o help_v forward_a grass_n how_o injurious_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v to_o corn._n after_o the_o crop_n be_v in_o the_o barn_n be_v house_v dry_a the_o next_o thing_n the_o honest_a labourer_n or_o husbandman_n be_v to_o consider_v of_o be_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o money_n peradventure_o the_o safe_a way_n will_v be_v to_o thrash_v it_o out_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n do_v require_v and_o to_o send_v it_o to_o the_o market_n for_o by_o long_o lie_v in_o the_o barn_n rat_n and_o mouse_n will_v quick_o draw_v their_o mine_n and_o make_v large_a inroad_n nor_o will_v the_o thief_n be_v want_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v to_o give_v a_o cast_n of_o his_o skill_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o encumbrance_n of_o the_o barn_n for_o the_o crop_n of_o a_o follow_a year_n to_o keep_v it_o thrash_v in_o the_o granary_n be_v altogether_o as_o bad_a for_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o assault_n of_o vermin_n and_o unless_o often_o turn_v it_o will_v grow_v musty_a beside_o it_o will_v contract_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dust_n and_o filth_n and_o the_o grain_n of_o corn_n will_v shrink_v or_o shriule_v and_o lose_v their_o bright_a colour_n all_o which_o will_v be_v of_o much_o more_o detriment_n than_o what_o may_v be_v recompense_v from_o the_o advance_n of_o the_o market_n which_o common_o do_v lurch_v we_o by_o sink_v low_o but_o rare_o rise_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o to_o make_v amends_o for_o the_o inconvenience_n we_o meet_v with_o by_o keep_v in_o our_o corn._n but_o if_o it_o be_v judge_v expedient_a to_o keep_v grain_n the_o best_a way_n be_v in_o the_o straw_n by_o put_v it_o into_o a_o rick_n not_o raise_v upon_o post_n or_o pillar_n of_o wood_n or_o of_o much_o stone_n as_o be_v usual_a with_o ordinary_a husbandman_n but_o let_v the_o frame_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v to_o bear_v up_o the_o rick_n be_v lay_v upon_o five_o or_o nine_o pillar_n a_o full_a yard_n from_o the_o ground_n the_o pillar_n must_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o burden_n be_v make_v round_o and_o strong_a and_o fine_o plaster_v over_o and_o cover_v with_o flat_a square_a stone_n four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n each_o to_o prevent_v vermin_n from_o run_v up_o for_o if_o the_o pillar_n be_v square_a though_o never_o so_o polish_a rat_n and_o mouse_n will_v run_v up_o the_o corner_n but_o on_o a_o round_a one_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o hold_v for_o their_o claw_n the_o rick_n also_o must_v be_v well_o thatch_v to_o prevent_v damage_n from_o foul_a wether_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v grain_n may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a and_o entire_a for_o many_o year_n there_o be_v this_o thing_n far_o which_o i_o will_v recommend_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o every_o husbandman_n especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n viz._n to_o avoid_v as_o much_o as_o possible_a the_o cover_v of_o his_o barn_n and_o outhouse_n with_o straw_n for_o beside_o that_o such_o thatch_a cover_n look_n mean_v and_o beggarly_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o will_v prove_v far_o more_o expensive_a than_o tyl_v in_o a_o little_a process_n of_o time_n people_n be_v easy_o draw_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o country_n to_o avoid_v a_o little_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o present_a not_o consider_v that_o such_o thatch_a house_n will_v be_v a_o continual_a reparation_n and_o expense_n every_o violent_a gust_n or_o puff_n of_o wind_n tear_n they_o to_o piece_n and_o make_v vast_a breach_n unluckey_n bird_n be_v still_o pull_v they_o and_o the_o rain_n snow_n and_o wether_n will_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n rot_v such_o cover_n and_o considerable_a damage_n be_v sustain_v before_o stuff_n and_o thatcher_n can_v be_v bring_v in_o place_n whereas_o the_o tile_v roof_n though_o a_o little_a more_o chargeable_a at_o first_o will_v last_v a_o long_a while_n without_o repair_n and_o when_o repair_v it_o will_v be_v do_v at_o a_o quarter_n the_o charge_n of_o straw_n roof_n it_o be_v true_a thatch_a house_n be_v a_o better_a security_n for_o corn_n against_o rain_n and_o snow_n but_o then_o it_o be_v know_v too_o that_o they_o harbour_v bird_n rat_n mouse_n with_o other_o vermin_n and_o above_o all_o be_v most_o dangerous_a so_o that_o many_o house_n have_v be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o whole_a family_n undo_v by_o fire_n catch_v in_o the_o thatch_n but_o in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o method_n country_n fellow_n will_v never_o quit_v the_o old_a road_n how_o ridiculous_a and_o inconvenient_a soever_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o irish_a can_v be_v wean_a from_o their_o old_a barbarous_a custom_n of_o tail_v their_o horse_n to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o draw_v with_o they_o in_o their_o team_n chap._n iii_o of_o pasturage_n pasturage_n be_v of_o several_a sort_n that_o wherein_o sheep_n thrive_v best_a be_v the_o lawn_n as_o also_o the_o wide_a and_o open_a down_n such_o as_o those_o in_o cotsall_n and_o in_o wiltshire_n for_o what_o be_v rich_a or_o rank_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a dew_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o beget_v the_o rot_n also_o hilly_a ground_n in_o which_o be_v many_o spring_n and_o little_a lake_n be_v very_o unwholesome_a for_o where_o sheep_n bite_v close_a they_o thrive_v best_a unless_o they_o be_v design_v for_o the_o butcher_n and_o then_o they_o must_v have_v a_o full_a diet._n there_o be_v no_o small_a care_n to_o be_v take_v in_o order_v the_o pasture_n of_o such_o as_o be_v design_v for_o breed_n or_o store_n let_v they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o summer_n as_o bare_a as_o possible_a for_o if_o they_o once_o come_v to_o abate_v their_o flesh_n as_o certain_o they_o will_v towards_o winter_n they_o will_v be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o will_v come_v about_o but_o be_v hard_o keep_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o dispose_v into_o thrive_a pasture_n towards_o winter_n they_o will_v keep_v their_o fleece_n whole_a upon_o their_o back_n and_o be_v able_a to_o weather_n out_o the_o sharp_a of_o that_o season_n of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o fallow-field_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o wood_n and_o rough_a ground_n be_v very_o hazardous_a for_o sheep_n for_o beside_o the_o danger_n they_o be_v in_o of_o tear_v their_o fleece_n
bough_n will_v spoil_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o coppice_n after_o a_o fellet_fw-la and_o the_o underwood_n likewise_o will_v rob_v the_o timber-tree_n of_o its_o nourishment_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o will_v extreme_o injure_v one_o another_o in_o cut_v of_o a_o coppice_n if_o the_o shoot_v be_v old_a it_o be_v best_o to_o pare_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o young_a shoot_v will_v come_v up_o more_o thick_a and_o strong_a the_o pole_n after_o they_o be_v strip_v if_o they_o be_v leave_v stand_v a_o year_n will_v grow_v tough_a and_o hard_a at_o the_o heart_n and_o be_v never_o subject_a to_o the_o worm_n the_o same_o benefit_n may_v be_v procure_v by_o cut_v they_o down_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v strip_v and_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o water_n where_o they_o may_v lie_v for_o some_o time_n and_o then_o take_v out_o for_o use_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v it_o be_v very_o ill_a husbandry_n to_o suffer_v cattle_n to_o go_v into_o coppice-wood_n nevertheless_o after_o they_o be_v of_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n growth_n colt_n may_v feed_v upon_o the_o lawn_n or_o walk_n of_o such_o wood_n without_o any_o great_a damage_n i_o hold_v ash_n to_o be_v very_o profitable_a in_o coppice_n for_o they_o will_v shoot_v up_o in_o height_n and_o grow_v very_o straight_o and_o make_v excellent_a hoop_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o quick_a grower_n i_o hold_v it_o very_o profitable_a likewise_o where_o a_o coppice_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o set_v of_o acorn_n to_o sow_v crab-kernel_n among_o they_o for_o they_o will_v be_v raise_v much_o safe_a this_o way_n than_o in_o a_o nursery_n and_o may_v be_v remove_v without_o any_o injury_n to_o the_o coppice_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v what_o be_v pretend_v that_o such_o stock_n when_o they_o be_v remove_v or_o replant_v in_o a_o open_a place_n will_v not_o thrive_v as_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a bed_n into_o the_o open_a air_n be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n for_o i_o have_v know_v such_o stock_n as_o forward_o as_o any_o and_o although_o the_o coppice-wood_n may_v shelter_v they_o from_o the_o cold_a wind_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o suffer_v much_o more_o in_o the_o root_n which_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o spread_v itself_o far_o be_v choke_v up_o by_o the_o crowd_n of_o other_o root_n about_o they_o which_o also_o rob_v they_o of_o their_o due_a nourishment_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v translate_v from_o their_o hungry_a soil_n and_o their_o devour_a neighbour_n and_o thicket_n they_o will_v quick_o flourish_v and_o be_v more_o hardy_a than_o those_o which_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o nursery_n discourse_v once_o with_o a_o gentleman_n mr._n seal_v of_o cotton_n vnderidge_n in_o the_o county_n of_o gloster_n who_o be_v very_o curious_a and_o intelligent_a in_o these_o matter_n and_o of_o whatsoever_o relate_v to_o husbandry_n he_o make_v it_o out_o that_o a_o acre_n of_o coppice-wood_n on_o a_o plain_a may_v contain_v as_o much_o wood_n as_o two_o acre_n on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n though_o that_o on_o the_o plain_a as_o likewise_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n may_v seem_v both_o alike_o plant_v or_o equal_o thick_a in_o appearance_n which_o assertion_n though_o it_o look_v at_o first_o like_o a_o paradox_n contain_v a_o real_a truth_n as_o he_o make_v appear_v from_o this_o pyramidal_a or_o triangular_a figure_n a_o the_o basis_n represent_v the_o plain_a b_o b_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o triangular_a represent_v the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n or_o mountain_n c_o c_o c_o c_o show_v the_o tree_n shoot_v from_o the_o plain_a and_o from_o the_o side_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o matter_n a_o little_a and_o the_o order_n wherein_o tree_n grow_v upon_o a_o plain_a and_o upon_o a_o hang_a surface_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o perfect_o stretch_v themselves_o in_o such_o order_n as_o the_o figure_n represent_v so_o that_o if_o the_o hill_n or_o mountain_n be_v very_o high_a and_o steep_a one_o acre_n at_o the_o bottom_n may_v contain_v four_o time_n the_o quantity_n of_o wood_n as_o a_o acre_n on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n a_o thing_n which_o all_o who_o deal_n in_o wood_n aught_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o a_o plantation_n of_o coppice-wood_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o great_a profit_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n ground_n which_o be_v not_o worth_a five_o shilling_n a_o acre_n will_v be_v worth_a twenty_o and_o better_o it_o be_v true_a it_o will_v be_v 18_o or_o 20_o year_n before_o we_o come_v to_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o our_o labour_n which_o may_v discourage_v those_o perhaps_o who_o be_v advance_v in_o year_n from_o enter_v upon_o a_o project_n of_o which_o peradventure_o they_o may_v never_o see_v the_o effect_n but_o man_n be_v not_o bear_v only_o for_o themselves_o but_o must_v be_v mindful_a also_o of_o posterity_n whether_o descend_v from_o themselves_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v rise_v up_o in_o succeed_a age_n and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o profit_n which_o shall_v accrue_v this_o way_n as_o it_o be_v great_a so_o it_o be_v more_o laudable_a than_o what_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o return_v of_o a_o long_a sleep_a mortgage_n and_o there_o be_v further_a advantage_n in_o copoice_n or_o wood_n above_o other_o land_n that_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o sink_v in_o their_o value_n or_o encumber_v we_o as_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n which_o sometime_o for_o want_n of_o tenant_n sometime_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o cattle_n or_o corn_n or_o some_o accident_n or_o other_o become_v very_o hazardous_a and_o troublesome_a and_o require_v continual_a expense_n to_o maintain_v they_o whereas_o coppice-wood_n be_v a_o little_a look_v to_o and_o preserve_v from_o cattle_n for_o some_o time_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v there_o be_v no_o more_o trouble_n with_o they_o and_o we_o reap_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o in_o a_o good_a round_a sum_n or_o in_o gross_a whereas_o other_o land_n make_v their_o return_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o as_o it_o be_v by_o retail_n so_o that_o money_n melt_v away_o insensible_o or_o in_o trifle_a service_n perhaps_o further_o yet_o a_o plantation_n of_o coppice-wood_n as_o it_o be_v most_o profitable_a to_o a_o private_a undertaker_n so_o be_v it_o most_o pleasant_a and_o ornamental_a if_o near_o a_o gentleman_n house_n if_o it_o be_v seat_v therefore_o on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n i_o hold_v it_o very_o beautiful_a and_o graceful_a to_o plant_v a_o coppice_n on_o the_o decline_a ground_n lead_v to_o it_o and_o so_o to_o cut_v glade_n or_o avenue_n which_o may_v give_v a_o view_n and_o prospect_n of_o the_o seat_n which_o road_n or_o walk_n if_o well_o keep_v and_o regular_o cut_v be_v far_o more_o graceful_a than_o row_v of_o tree_n where_o the_o fail_v of_o some_o here_o and_o there_o make_v a_o great_a gap_n in_o the_o walk_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n in_o thick_a tuft_n of_o wood_n and_o beside_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o shade_n such_o place_n be_v more_o delightful_a from_o the_o bird_n and_o game_n with_o which_o they_o may_v be_v store_v such_o gentleman_n therefore_o who_o build_v for_o pleasure_n aught_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o this_o particular_a as_o also_o to_o have_v spring_n or_o little_a current_n lie_v about_o their_o house_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o use_n and_o ornament_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o plant_v wood_n with_o regard_n only_o to_o the_o private_a interest_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o planter_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o public_a the_o advantage_n certain_o be_v much_o more_o considerable_a which_o hence_o arise_v for_o it_o be_v by_o such_o plantation_n that_o our_o arsenal_n be_v from_o age_n to_o age_n store_v with_o ship-timber_n and_o consequent_o the_o best_a safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n depend_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o the_o decay_n of_o timber_n in_o a_o age_n where_o there_o be_v twice_o the_o occasion_n for_o it_o as_o former_o can_v but_o portend_v unavoidable_a danger_n for_o the_o future_a if_o due_a regard_n be_v not_o have_v hereunto_o and_o true_o upon_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n of_o london_n have_v not_o norway_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n furnish_v we_o with_o plenty_n of_o material_n for_o its_o repair_n there_o will_v hardly_o have_v be_v any_o good_a timber-building_n leave_v in_o the_o kingdom_n another_o thing_n which_o seem_v very_o much_o to_o render_v good_a timber_n scarce_o especial_o oak_n be_v the_o severe_a frost_n in_o 83_o which_o make_v gap_n in_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o by_o which_o they_o be_v become_v seedy_a or_o shatter_v and_o unfit_a for_o plank_n and_o all_o better_a use_v whilst_o other_o receive_v such_o a_o cheque_fw-fr or_o stop_v as_o they_o will_v not_o recover_v for_o some_o year_n
they_o with_o the_o mould_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o next_o trench_n and_o so_o continue_v set_v and_o trench_v till_o you_o have_v finish_v your_o plantation_n but_o be_v sure_o above_o all_o to_o tread_v the_o earth_n well_o down_o to_o the_o root_n be_v first_o careful_o spread_v abroad_o by_o hand_n upon_o the_o prepare_a mould_n i_o allow_v a_o yard_n distance_n betwixt_o the_o stock_n or_o quick_v that_o they_o may_v spread_v their_o root_n with_o more_o freedom_n and_o be_v dug_n up_o without_o danger_n to_o their_o neighbour_n for_o upon_o the_o good_a root_n of_o a_o stock_n all_o depend_v some_o garden-stuff_n likewise_o aught_o to_o be_v plant_v betwixt_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o quick_a to_o kill_v the_o long_a couch-grass_n as_o likewise_o because_o the_o frequent_a digging_n after_o they_o have_v take_v root_n accelerate_v their_o growth_n by_o turn_v in_o fresh_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n which_o will_v preserve_v they_o also_o from_o men._n after_o four_o or_o five_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o nursery_n you_o may_v think_v of_o remove_v they_o but_o whether_o you_o ought_v to_o graft_v the_o stock_n in_o the_o nursery_n or_o remove_v they_o first_o into_o the_o ground_n you_o design_n for_o a_o orchard_n and_o there_o graft_v they_o after_o three_o or_o four_o year_n set_v be_v a_o point_n i_o must_v a_o little_a enlarge_v upon_o and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o my_o opinion_n in_o this_o particular_a lead_v i_o contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o countryman_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n seem_v to_o have_v quit_v the_o old_a way_n of_o graft_v in_o nursery_n upon_o some_o appearance_n of_o reason_n doubtless_o which_o yet_o i_o be_o to_o learn_v it_o be_v the_o general_a practice_n than_o of_o our_o planter_n to_o remove_v the_o stock_n first_o out_o of_o the_o nursery_n into_o the_o field_n or_o orchard_n and_o there_o stake_n and_o hu_v they_o up_o with_o thorn_n after_o three_o or_o four_o year_n settlement_n to_o graft_v upon_o they_o upon_o pretence_n belike_o that_o a_o crab-stock_n will_v not_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o miscarry_v as_o a_o graft_a tree_n and_o that_o graft_a tree_n after_o they_o be_v remove_v will_v stand_v for_o some_o year_n in_o a_o languish_a condition_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o reason_n for_o graft_v in_o a_o nursery_n be_v much_o more_o prevail_v for_o in_o a_o nursery_n they_o be_v not_o only_o secure_v from_o the_o injury_n of_o cattle_n as_o likewise_o of_o wether_n be_v graft_v low_a or_o near_o the_o ground_n but_o they_o be_v secure_v also_o from_o the_o perching_n of_o crow_n and_o such_o like_a unlucky_a bird_n which_o in_o open_a field_n or_o orchard_n will_v be_v ever_o and_o anon_o alight_v upon_o the_o tender_a cyon_n or_o branch_n and_o break_v they_o off_o and_o loosen_v the_o graft_n the_o prick_n in_o of_o sharp_a stick_n in_o the_o daub_v as_o also_o the_o hang_n of_o feather_n in_o string_n to_o move_v with_o the_o wind_n may_v scare_v they_o at_o first_o but_o when_o the_o cyon_n reach_v high_a than_o the_o stick_v as_o certain_o they_o will_v do_v upon_o the_o first_o shoot_n it_o be_v on_o they_o that_o these_o mischievous_a bird_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o perch_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n as_o also_o the_o danger_n of_o cattle_n break_v into_o a_o new-planted_a field_n or_o orchard_n as_o also_o the_o danger_n from_o the_o blow_n itself_o which_o oftentimes_o destroy_v our_o labour_n i_o say_v by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a accident_n which_o be_v almost_o unavoidable_a all_o our_o expectation_n after_o ten_o year_n care_n and_o attendance_n be_v for_o much_o blast_a and_o perhaps_o ruin_v none_o of_o which_o inconvenience_n or_o danger_n can_v happen_v in_o a_o nursery_n where_o a_o good_a fence_n may_v be_v preserve_v with_o little_a labour_n and_o all_o the_o other_o inconvenience_n be_v avoid_v and_o as_o for_o the_o thrive_a state_n of_o a_o crab-stock_n above_o a_o graft_a one_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o little_a moment_n in_o the_o present_a case_n for_o our_o nursery-stock_n once_o graft_v and_o after_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n be_v remove_v be_v much_o more_o hardy_a than_o any_o stock_n new_o graft_v in_o the_o open_a field_n or_o orchard_n and_o be_v less_o subject_a to_o decay_v from_o the_o wound_v they_o shall_v receive_v from_o thorn_n plow_n and_o harrow_n whereas_o young_a graft_a tree_n once_o gall_v or_o bruise_v if_o not_o timely_o cure_v will_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o the_o canker_n if_o not_o of_o die_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o mischievous_a to_o a_o new-grafted_n stock_n than_o thorn_n which_o though_o they_o may_v serve_v to_o keep_v off_o cattle_n wound_v the_o tender_a shoot_v those_o especial_o of_o the_o first_o year_n which_o indeed_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v take_v care_n of_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o branch_n become_v canker_a and_o perhaps_o after_o some_o little_a time_n the_o tree_n itself_o do_v languish_v and_o die_v as_o touch_v the_o soil_n of_o a_o orchard_n a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n a_o little_a incline_n to_o sand_n be_v the_o best_a and_o gravelly_a ground_n the_o worst_a for_o the_o gravel_n lie_v general_o towards_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o root_n can_v draw_v no_o nourishment_n from_o it_o nor_o penetrate_v betwixt_o such_o a_o compact_a matter_n of_o little_a stone_n though_o elm_n we_o find_v thrive_v best_a in_o such_o a_o soil_n because_o they_o natural_o spread_v their_o root_n wide_a and_o upon_o the_o surface_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o fat_a earth_n the_o superfice_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v ever_o better_o than_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v deep_o whilst_o the_o gravelly_a and_o impenetrable_a ground_n which_o lie_v common_o a_o foot_n or_o something_o deep_a than_o the_o turf_n force_v they_o to_o spread_v their_o root_n in_o such_o a_o way_n or_o manner_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o their_o nature_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o tender_a fibres_n or_o string_n of_o the_o root_n of_o fruit-tree_n especial_o of_o apple_n once_o touch_v the_o cold_a gravel_n there_o stop_v their_o progress_n and_o for_o want_v of_o suitable_a nourishment_n from_o below_o the_o tree_n cease_v to_o grow_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o decay_n likewise_o a_o unequal_a surface_n or_o country_n which_o consist_v of_o little_a hill_n and_o valley_n be_v much_o more_o proper_a for_o fruit_n than_o the_o level_n and_o open_a campaigne_n for_o in_o a_o wide_a and_o open_a field_n there_o be_v no_o shelter_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o scorch_a blast_n the_o cold_a wind_n and_o storm_n whereas_o a_o orchard_n which_o lie_v upon_o a_o hang_a ground_n and_o be_v environ_v with_o other_o rise_n and_o bottom_n lie_v warm_a and_o cover_v from_o blast_n and_o shade_v too_o from_o the_o immoderate_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o easy_o scorch_v the_o tender_a blossom_n beside_o a_o decline_a surface_n will_v not_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v the_o water_n too_o long_o upon_o the_o ground_n which_o will_v chill_v and_o starve_v the_o root_n in_o winter_n but_o the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v refresh_v the_o earth_n gentle_o soak_v away_o i_o will_v have_v a_o plantation_n to_o face_n the_o morning_n sun_n if_o possible_a for_o it_o be_v the_o early_a sun_n which_o revive_v all_o vegetable_n whereas_o the_o western_a or_o afternoon_n sun_n be_v common_o hot_a from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v these_o gleam_n or_o hot_a wind_n which_o be_v so_o fatal_a to_o tree_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o tender_a blossom_n and_o from_o these_o blast_n it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o blossom_n but_o even_o the_o leave_n and_o sometime_o the_o very_a fruit_n after_o it_o be_v advance_v to_o some_o perfection_n become_v scorch_a and_o singe_v and_o even_o the_o tree_n itself_o many_o time_n die_v or_o at_o least_o will_v not_o recover_v itself_o for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o when_o the_o blossom_n fall_v off_o sudden_o or_o disappear_v it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n the_o tree_n be_v blast_v and_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o blossom_n which_o hang_v on_o will_v look_v red_a and_o burn_v which_o be_v pluck_v off_o we_o shall_v find_v a_o grub_n at_o the_o bottom_n engender_v by_o the_o wind_n which_o grub_n kill_v the_o tender_a fruit_n upon_o the_o stalk_v or_o if_o the_o fruit_n hang_v on_o for_o a_o little_a time_n the_o next_o puff_n of_o wind_n blow_v they_o down_o under_o the_o tree_n and_o such_o as_o seem_v to_o escape_v will_v never_o be_v but_o little_a shriveled_a starve_a apple_n such_o as_o we_o call_v cricket_n in_o normandy_n it_o be_v true_a they_o plant_v their_o fruit-tree_n in_o walk_n and_o
in_o the_o wide_a and_o open_a field_n so_o that_o we_o may_v ride_v every_o where_n through_o plain_n of_o corn_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o every_o way_n plant_v in_o cross-walks_a and_o in_o double_a rank_n border_v upon_o the_o corn_n on_o each_o side_n with_o a_o fine_a carpet_n of_o grass_n like_o a_o alley_n of_o twenty_o yard_n breadth_n betwixt_o the_o rank_n such_o walk_n run_v many_o time_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n for_o a_o mile_n or_o more_o together_o which_o be_v wonderful_a delightful_a the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v not_o in_o such_o danger_n of_o blast_n as_o we_o be_v here_o in_o england_n be_v from_o the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o country_n be_v general_o sandy_a and_o the_o wind_n more_o cool_v as_o come_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o the_o britannic_a sea_n which_o lie_v north_n of_o they_o whereas_o with_o we_o the_o island_n we_o live_v in_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o inequality_n of_o wether_n and_o our_o western_a wind_n which_o reign_v almost_o half_a the_o year_n by_o interval_n be_v always_o hot_a as_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n in_o those_o part_n of_o england_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v in_o reputation_n for_o cider_n for_o the_o river_n severne_v run_v south-west_n and_o widen_v itself_o in_o a_o very_a great_a measure_n the_o near_a it_o draw_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o wind_n come_v up_o the_o river_n as_o it_o be_v convey_v by_o a_o channel_n be_v restrain_v or_o pen_v betwixt_o the_o forest_n and_o cotswold-hill_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o gloucester_n worcester_z and_o hereford-shire_n the_o three_o most_o celebrate_a county_n of_o england_n for_o fruit_n lie_v in_o a_o manner_n expose_v to_o the_o full_a stroke_n of_o these_o south-west_n wind_n which_o indeed_o be_v more_o furious_a and_o boisterous_a than_o any_o other_o wind_n with_o we_o as_o blow_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o tunnell_n without_o any_o eminence_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n to_o break_v its_o violence_n which_o be_v hot_a likewise_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o southern_a coast_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o quarter_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a and_o foggy_a as_o general_o it_o be_v in_o our_o northern_a island_n the_o heat_n meet_v with_o such_o a_o impure_a air_n beget_v a_o adust_a gloomy_a kind_n of_o vapour_n like_a to_o smoke_n which_o the_o peasant_n call_v a_o red_a wind_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o blast_n and_o destroy_v the_o tender_a fruit_n and_o blossom_n in_o a_o plantation_n or_o orchard_n likewise_o great_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o a_o large_a plantation_n for_o the_o purpose_n i_o will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o be_v set_v near_o than_o twenty_o pace_n to_o one_o another_o nor_o wide_a than_o thirty_o that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v space_n for_o the_o tree_n to_o spread_v and_o for_o the_o corn_n to_o grow_v likewise_o i_o will_v have_v the_o ground_n lay_v down_o plain_a and_o not_o in_o furrow_n or_o ridge_n because_o of_o set_v the_o rank_n straight_o and_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n which_o those_o who_o plant_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o plowed_a land_n can_v do_v be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o turn_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o ridge_n and_o after_o the_o stock_n be_v well_o root_v as_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n time_n they_o will_v be_v then_o plough_v up_o the_o ground_n for_o tillage_n be_v the_o best_a method_n imaginable_a to_o bring_v on_o a_o orchard_n for_o tree_n will_v thrive_v more_o in_o two_o year_n on_o plowed_a ground_n than_o in_o five_o year_n on_o pasture_n moreover_o in_o plant_v these_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_a to_o put_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o old_a black_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o to_o work_v it_o in_o well_o with_o the_o hand_n betwixt_o the_o joint_n and_o string_n of_o the_o root_n who_o branch_n must_v be_v cut_v slant_v underneath_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n may_v cover_v they_o otherwise_o they_o will_v rot_v two_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v tread_v down_o very_o close_o for_o if_o it_o lie_v hollow_a the_o root_n in_o summer_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o and_o in_o winter_n it_o will_v retain_v water_n which_o when_o freeze_v will_v kill_v the_o root_n three_o let_v all_o stock_n be_v plant_v lean_v towards_o the_o south-west_n the_o wind_n of_o which_o quarter_n be_v long_o and_o more_o violent_a than_o any_o other_o wind_n whatsoever_o and_o will_v make_v a_o stock_n set_v upright_o to_o grow_v irregular_a and_o crooked_a whereas_o by_o this_o method_n the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n will_v bring_v what_o be_v lean_v against_o it_o more_o and_o more_o towards_o a_o upright_a and_o enable_v the_o tree_n to_o stand_v firm_a against_o the_o fury_n of_o these_o western_a shock_n four_o in_o stake_n they_o great_a care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o the_o stake_n do_v not_o gall_n or_o bruise_v the_o tree_n as_o for_o briere_a or_o thorning_n they_o it_o be_v superfluous_a except_o in_o such_o place_n where_o cattle_n go_v and_o for_o such_o orchard_n they_o will_v come_v to_o little_a for_o do_v what_o we_o can_v the_o cattle_n will_v some_o time_n or_o other_o browse_v they_o and_o in_o ground_n not_o plow_v the_o stock_n will_v come_v on_o very_o poor_o they_o therefore_o who_o love_v good_a orchard_n must_v keep_v their_o ground_n in_o tillage_n always_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n turn_v in_o fresh_a mould_n to_o the_o root_n so_o that_o here_o be_v no_o need_n of_o thorn_n where_o cattle_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o go_v it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n after_o a_o stock_n be_v graft_v to_o prune_v off_o the_o sucker_n for_o the_o tender_a graft_n not_o be_v strong_a enough_o of_o themselves_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n the_o tree_n of_o necessity_n must_v wither_v and_o die_v this_o i_o have_v find_v by_o often_o experience_n so_o that_o many_o time_n the_o grafter_n be_v condemn_v when_o the_o fault_n lie_v in_o the_o superfluous_a curiosity_n of_o the_o husbandman_n but_o where_o the_o cyon_n or_o graft_n be_v grow_v big_a enough_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n in_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o may_v keep_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o stock_n green_a and_o flourish_a then_o off_o with_o the_o sucker_n likewise_o it_o be_v a_o very_a excellent_a way_n to_o nip_v the_o shoot_v of_o the_o first_o year_n for_o beside_o that_o crow_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o perch_v upon_o such_o tender_a shoot_v and_o break_v they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o such_o high_a weak_a shoot_v be_v very_o liable_a to_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o the_o winter-season_n to_o be_v pinch_v by_o the_o cold_a and_o frost_n which_o will_v much_o endanger_v the_o graft_n especial_o if_o the_o wind_n in_o march_n be_v any_o thing_n severe_a for_o such_o branch_n will_v either_o wither_v or_o be_v canker_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o cold_a wind_n and_o frost_n in_o march_n 93_o 94_o and_o especial_o 96_o which_o be_v the_o most_o unkind_a season_n for_o fruit-tree_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o any_o age._n the_o midsummer-shoot_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n for_o they_o come_v forth_o short_a and_o bushy_a and_o by_o the_o next_o year_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v any_o ordinary_a shock_n of_o wind_n and_o wether_n and_o be_v out_o of_o all_o danger_n from_o the_o perch_a of_o crow_n good_a daub_v likewise_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n to_o a_o tree_n for_o if_o the_o cleft_n be_v not_o well_o secure_v from_o wet_a the_o tree_n will_v be_v in_o danger_n so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o clay_n or_o mortar_n be_v wash_v or_o wear_v off_o it_o shall_v be_v renew_v again_o till_o the_o bark_n cover_v it_o likewise_o if_o a_o tree_n be_v graft_v with_o two_o cyon_n it_o be_v best_o to_o pare_v off_o one_o of_o they_o close_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o graft_n come_v to_o any_o bigness_n for_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o grow_v one_o within_o another_o and_o so_o be_v canker_a the_o reason_n therefore_o of_o put_v two_o graft_n into_o the_o incision_n be_v for_o the_o better_a security_n in_o case_n one_o shall_v fail_v as_o also_o to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n in_o great_a plenty_n though_o i_o hold_v it_o absolute_o safe_a to_o graft_v in_o the_o nursery_n with_o a_o single_a graft_n upon_o a_o young_a slender_a stock_n for_o such_o rare_o miscarry_v and_o the_o cleft_n be_v soon_o skin_v over_o the_o sap_n likewise_o be_v more_o easy_o draw_v up_o and_o the_o branch_n will_v shoot_v far_o enough_o asunder_o without_o danger_n of_o
from_o cattle_n pig_n and_o poultry_n which_o last_o they_o can_v well_o be_v defend_v from_o unless_o we_o total_o banish_v they_o from_o our_o habitation_n which_o i_o be_o confident_a every_o gentleman_n or_o gentlewoman_n rather_o who_o have_v any_o esteem_n for_o their_o fruit_n and_o a_o good_a garden_n will_v ready_o approve_v of_o for_o i_o account_v they_o the_o most_o unprofitable_a and_o mischievous_a creature_n that_o can_v vex_v a_o house_n and_o fit_v only_o for_o farmer_n and_o poor_a people_n who_o make_v little_a difference_n betwixt_o themselves_o and_o their_o beast_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o bodnams_n which_o be_v a_o fruit_n which_o be_v ever_o drop_v may_v lie_v and_o mâ—llow_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o else_o we_o may_v gather_v they_o as_o they_o fall_v and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o heap_n by_o themselves_o in_o the_o apple-loft_n or_o we_o may_v under-shake_a they_o as_o i_o speak_v before_o of_o bromsbrough_n they_o may_v be_v ground_n about_o the_o same_o time_n with_o other_o winter-fruit_n viz._n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n it_o be_v no_o very_o juicy_a apple_n but_o it_o make_v amends_o for_o that_o in_o the_o redness_n of_o it_o i_o hold_v good_a bodnam_n cider_n among_o other_o liquor_n of_o the_o first_o rate_n this_o apple_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o a_o ancient_a family_n in_o herefordshire_n where_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v first_o in_o reputation_n one_o prerogative_n this_o fruit_n have_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o canker_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o regra_v a_o tree_n overgrow_v with_o this_o disease_n there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a remedy_n than_o the_o bodnam_n the_o woodcock_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a apple_n and_o produce_v a_o excellent_a cider_n comparable_a with_o the_o best_a the_o fruit_n be_v not_o unacceptable_a at_o the_o table_n and_o the_o stock_n graft_v with_o this_o fruit_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o so_o many_o disease_n and_o accident_n as_o other_o tree_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o good_a bearer_n the_o john-apple_n or_o oaken-pin_n of_o all_o fruit_n be_v the_o worst_a for_o taste_n be_v most_o harsh_a and_o hard_o they_o will_v hang_v on_o the_o tree_n till_o christmas_n and_o keep_v till_o apple_n come_v again_o and_o yet_o worth_a little_a to_o eat_v be_v dry_a and_o mealy_a notwithstanding_o it_o may_v serve_v well_o enough_o for_o the_o pastry_n in_o regard_n they_o may_v be_v have_v when_o all_o other_o apple_n be_v go_v however_o be_v ground_n in_o the_o mill_n it_o make_v a_o admirable_a sort_n of_o cider_n the_o time_n of_o grind_v it_o be_v after_o christmas_n if_o the_o frost_n be_v not_o overviolent_a for_o they_o hang_v upon_o the_o tree_n the_o long_a of_o any_o fruit_n and_o i_o take_v it_o for_o a_o general_n rule_n that_o the_o fruit_n which_o be_v long_a a_o ripen_a make_v the_o best_a cider_n it_o be_v true_a this_o sort_n of_o apple_n yield_v but_o little_a juice_n yet_o withal_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a bearer_n and_o constant_a and_o fear_v neither_o thief_n nor_o wether_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o place_v allow_v it_o in_o a_o gentleman_n orchard_n even_o among_o his_o choice_a fruit_n how_o little_a soever_o this_o kind_n of_o apple_n be_v value_v by_o the_o vulgar_a the_o apple_n call_v a_o bon-apple_n be_v not_o common_o know_v and_o yet_o i_o esteem_v it_o when_o i_o consider_v all_o its_o property_n to_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a and_o most_o profitable_a of_o any_o that_o grow_v for_o first_o it_o be_v a_o constant_a and_o fruitful_a bearer_n the_o apple_n large_a and_o firm_a like_o a_o sweet_a pippin_n but_o oâ—_n a_o long_a shape_n second_o it_o be_v never_o subject_a to_o the_o canker_n nor_o to_o be_v blast_v and_o the_o fruit_n as_o well_o taste_v and_o lasting_a as_o the_o pippin_n and_o fair_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o afford_v a_o excellent_a cider_n hearty_a mellow_a and_o last_v as_o any_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o sail_v of_o bear_v and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o as_o they_o will_v be_v doubtless_o by_o all_o who_o shall_v have_v experience_n of_o they_o the_o bradling_n be_v another_o sort_n of_o apple_n near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o bon-apple_n for_o its_o hardiness_n and_o its_o resistance_n of_o the_o canker_n that_o fatal_a malady_n to_o which_o almost_o all_o other_o tree_n be_v obnoxious_a the_o cider_n which_o this_o apple_n yield_v be_v likewise_o good_a and_o hearty_a the_o moil_n be_v a_o sâ—rt_n of_o summer-fruit_n they_o be_v raise_v of_o sucker_n or_o little_a settle_n like_o codling_n it_o make_v a_o incomparable_a pleasant_a liquor_n but_o a_o little_a weakish_a and_o fit_a only_a to_o be_v drink_v by_o lady_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v so_o long_o as_o the_o more_o masculine_a cyder_n to_o which_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o resemblance_n as_o the_o verdea_n do_v to_o the_o strong_a wine_n of_o florence_n have_v speak_v of_o winter-cyder-fruit_n we_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o discourse_n of_o such_o as_o we_o call_v summer-fruit_n among_o which_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o muss_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o first_o the_o white_a muss_n or_o summer-apple_n common_o so_o call_v it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o eat_v and_o have_v a_o grateful_a tartness_n with_o it_o it_o be_v also_o a_o great_a bearer_n and_o a_o quick_a grower_n and_o make_v a_o early_a cider_n pert_a and_o sharpish_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o table_n it_o will_v hardly_o keep_v pleasant_a a_o year_n about_o and_o be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o common_a occasion_n of_o a_o family_n the_o red_a muss_n be_v a_o pleasant_a fair_a apple_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o be_v fit_a likewise_o for_o the_o table_n and_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o cider_n much_o the_o same_o for_o strength_n and_o taste_n with_o the_o white_a or_o summer-apple_n the_o great_a objection_n against_o this_o fruit_n be_v that_o it_o drop_v very_o much_o and_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v very_a worm_n eat_v which_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o make_v the_o cider_n bitterish_a the_o red-sided_n muss_n be_v a_o apple_n likewise_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n with_o the_o two_o former_a and_o have_v a_o tincture_n of_o red_a upon_o one_o side_n it_o be_v long_o a_o ripen_n than_o the_o two_o former_a kind_n and_o will_v require_v to_o be_v well_o hoard_v so_o that_o this_o species_n of_o fruit_n may_v be_v reckon_v for_o such_o as_o be_v betwixt_o a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter-apple_n the_o cider_n it_o make_v be_v much_o more_o masculine_a than_o that_o of_o the_o white_a and_o red_a muss_n and_o come_v near_a to_o the_o bromsbrow_n for_o strength_n it_o have_v also_o a_o deep_a colour_n than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o and_o be_v rack_v off_o and_o bottle_a it_o may_v serve_v well_o at_o the_o treat_n and_o be_v very_o good_a in_o winter_n and_o the_o old_a it_o be_v the_o better_a be_v its_o complexion_n which_o the_o fair_a sex_n among_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o find_v in_o themselves_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o apple_n call_v the_o winter-muss_n which_o hang_v as_o long_o on_o the_o tree_n as_o pippin_n brombrow_n or_o any_o other_o hoard_v fruit._n it_o make_v likewise_o good_a hearty_a cider_n and_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v variety_n as_o for_o hemmings_n tankard-apple_n lady-apple_n and_o the_o like_a they_o serve_v also_o for_o the_o same_o variety_n and_o though_o their_o liquor_n be_v not_o in_o any_o great_a reputation_n yet_o their_o fruitfulness_n make_v amends_o for_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o lady-apple_n which_o in_o colour_n most_o resemble_v a_o red-streak_a to_o be_v the_o great_a bearer_n that_o be_v though_o indeed_o it_o make_v the_o thin_a cider_n however_o such_o liquor_n serve_v very_o well_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o family_n when_o the_o other_o fruit_n be_v a_o ripen_n it_o will_v be_v a_o curiosity_n worthy_a of_o a_o gentleman_n trial_n to_o sow_v kernel_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n whatsoever_o whether_o of_o apple_n or_o pear_n not_o promiscuous_o but_o every_o kind_n by_o its_o self_n and_o observe_v what_o sort_n of_o fruit_n every_o sort_n of_o kernel_n will_v produce_v by_o this_o mean_n doubtless_o many_o new_a and_o curious_a sort_n may_v with_o great_a delight_n and_o profit_n be_v propagate_v and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v enlarge_v far_o by_o graft_v one_o wilding_n upon_o another_o by_o which_o mixture_n more_o new_a species_n will_v still_o appear_v the_o red-streak_a call_v likewise_o the_o scadamore-crab_n the_o bromsbrow-crab_n and_o the_o bodnam-crab_n be_v all_o of_o they_o doubtless_o at_o first_o but_o wilding_n or_o kernel-fruit_n improve_v after_o by_o graft_v which_o three_o sort_n of_o crab_n make_v real_o the_o
upward_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n the_o common_a measure_n of_o a_o age_n may_v amount_v i_o say_v in_o the_o sum_n total_a to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o the_o number_n of_o house_n as_o they_o stand_v at_o present_a in_o the_o city_n and_o precinct_n of_o london_n westminster_n and_o southwark_n may_v be_v compute_v to_o a_o mount_n to_o forty_o thousand_o for_o as_o for_o the_o great_a building_n or_o house_n such_o as_o the_o palace_n royal_a the_o inn_n of_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o some_o nobleman_n house_n they_o must_v not_o here_o be_v reckon_v as_o single_a foundation_n or_o house_n since_o some_o of_o they_o may_v contain_v the_o building_n of_o twenty_o forty_o or_o perhaps_o one_o hundred_o private_a house_n of_o the_o middle_a order_n such_o as_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o tradesman_n or_o shopkeeper_n let_v the_o common_a standard_n therefore_o or_o measure_v of_o a_o house_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o contain_v nine_o chimney_n for_o where_o there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v more_o there_o be_v five_o which_o have_v less_o so_o that_o the_o excess_n viz._n of_o the_o great_a house_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n weigh_v against_o the_o defect_n on_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o great_a number_n of_o small_a building_n in_o private_a ally_n and_o the_o out-skirt_n of_o the_o city_n most_o of_o which_o have_v not_o above_o five_o or_o six_o chimney_n to_o a_o house_n i_o say_v upon_o such_o a_o allowance_n as_o be_v here_o make_v we_o may_v reasonable_o pitch_v upon_o nine_o chimney_n to_o be_v the_o common_a proportion_n of_o every_o house_n one_o with_o another_o and_o than_o the_o sum_n total_a of_o the_o chimney_n may_v be_v about_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o if_o we_o allow_v yearly_o therefore_o to_o every_o chimney_n one_o good_a load_n of_o wood_n or_o charcoal_n or_o something_o more_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o london_n will_v require_v about_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o load_v of_o wood_n yearly_a to_o supply_v its_o occasion_n and_o from_o this_o too_o we_o may_v make_v a_o considerable_a defalkment_n when_o we_o shall_v consider_v what_o a_o great_a number_n there_o be_v of_o brewer_n dyer_n hatter_n with_o such_o like_a smoky_a occupation_n all_o which_o require_v a_o strong_a and_o more_o constant_a heat_n such_o as_o that_o of_o sea-coal-fire_n which_o profession_n also_o be_v noisome_a in_o themselves_o and_o dangerous_a to_o their_o neighbour_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o many_o casualty_n of_o fire_n to_o which_o they_o be_v more_o obnoxious_a it_o will_v be_v very_o safe_a and_o convenient_a if_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o settle_v on_o the_o far_a side_n the_o water_n which_o will_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o health_n and_o security_n of_o the_o city_n so_o that_o upon_o a_o allowance_n of_o our_o furnace-gentleman_n to_o use_v sea-coal_n as_o also_o for_o the_o son_n of_o vulcan_n our_o little_a forge-man_n and_o smith_n which_o require_v to_o be_v disperse_v up_o and_o down_o the_o town_n to_o some_o necessary_a occasion_n we_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o about_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o good_a load_v of_o wood_n of_o a_o tun_n to_o each_o load_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o answer_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v true_a a_o nobleman_n house_n and_o where_o there_o be_v much_o of_o the_o kitchen_n will_v require_v thirty_o or_o forty_o load_v of_o wood_n but_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o for_o one_o nobleman_n house_n there_o be_v eight_o or_o ten_o small_a house_n of_o about_o four_o or_o five_o chimney_n which_o will_v be_v supply_v with_o four_o or_o five_o load_v commodious_o so_o that_o regard_n be_v have_v still_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o house_n the_o quantity_n of_o wood_n before_o mention_v will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n retire_v into_o the_o country_n our_o next_o enquiry_n then_o will_v be_v where_o to_o find_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v here_o pitch_v upon_o to_o this_o end_n and_o purpose_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o quantity_n of_o wood_n grow_v usual_o upon_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n a_o acre_n then_o of_o coppice-wood_n of_o about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n growth_n if_o moderate_o well_o store_v will_v yield_v about_o threescore_o cord_n or_o load_v of_o wood_n each_o cord_n or_o load_n be_v eight_o foot_n in_o length_n five_o foot_n six_o inch_n in_o height_n and_o three_o foot_n in_o thickness_n or_o length_n of_o the_o billet_n close_o lay_v together_o so_o that_o one_o acre_n of_o good_a wood-land_n will_v yield_v yearly_a about_o five_o load_v of_o wood_n more_o or_o less_o and_o then_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o about_o sixty_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n well_o plant_v with_o wood_n will_v afford_v we_o the_o quantity_n we_o be_v now_o seek_v these_o part_n of_o sussex_n and_o kent_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o tunbridge_n wells_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o breadth_n proportionable_a be_v almost_o all_o wood_n great_a part_n of_o buckinghamshire_n of_o oxfordshire_n and_o berkshire_n abound_v with_o vast_a number_n of_o wood_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v also_o of_o other_o place_n border_v upon_o the_o road_n of_o london_n from_o all_o which_o place_n to_o london_n we_o have_v a_o most_o easy_a conveyance_n by_o water_n as_o well_o upward_o by_o the_o tide_n as_o downward_o by_o the_o stream_n for_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o part_n near_o border_v on_o the_o thames_n and_o medway_n be_v most_o productive_a of_o wood_n or_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o a_o land-carriage_n so_o hard_o so_o capacious_a and_o level_a be_v the_o road_n as_o be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o england_n what_o quantity_n of_o wood_n this_o may_v amount_v to_o be_v hard_o to_o compute_v but_o without_o all_o dispute_n it_o far_o exceed_v the_o quantity_n require_v to_o serve_v the_o occasion_n of_o london_n especial_o if_o the_o iron-work_n those_o great_a devourer_n of_o wood_n be_v make_v to_o keep_v their_o due_a distance_n but_o in_o regard_n that_o london_n be_v not_o the_o only_a mouth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v feed_v with_o this_o fiery_a food_n there_o be_v some_o consideration_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o necessity_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n we_o must_v be_v allow_v more_o ground_n than_o what_o be_v at_o this_o day_n plant_v with_o wood_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v long_o a_o seek_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o heath_n waste_v ground_n and_o commons_o which_o lie_v every_o way_n within_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o mile_n of_o london_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v compute_v to_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o acre_n all_o which_o at_o present_a be_v not_o worth_a five_o shilling_n a_o acre_n be_v stock_v only_o with_o rascally_a sheep_n and_o goose_n let_v we_o suppose_v then_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v raise_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o or_o some_o such_o like_a design_n for_o without_o the_o allmightiness_n of_o a_o parliament_n no_o great_a and_o public_a work_n can_v ever_o come_v to_o any_o maturity_n this_o project_n than_o must_v be_v build_v upon_o these_o ground_n and_o first_o in_o order_n to_o a_o enclosure_n let_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o commoner_n be_v bring_v in_o at_o such_o a_o rate_n or_o purchase_n as_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n shall_v think_v fit_a for_o to_o deprive_v any_o one_o of_o his_o right_n and_o privilege_n without_o due_a compensation_n make_v be_v very_o unjust_a as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v most_o just_a so_o to_o do_v when_o it_o shall_v redound_v to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o public_a without_o any_o detriment_n to_o the_o particular_a person_n concern_v second_o such_o enclose_v waste_v or_o commons_o to_o be_v careful_o preserve_v by_o more_o than_o ordinary_a provision_n to_o prevent_v tumultuary_a invasion_n of_o moble_a leveller_n as_o likewise_o the_o clandestine_v havock_n to_o which_o such_o enclosure_n especial_o near_o so_o populous_a a_o city_n be_v very_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o end_n and_o purpose_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o every_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n herein_o concern_v over_o and_o above_o the_o subservient_fw-fr labourer_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o plant_v fence_a defend_v dip_v cut_v according_v coat_v and_o carry_v such_o wood_n as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n shall_v be_v upon_o the_o premise_n i_o say_v it_o will_v be_v very_o expedient_a that_o to_o every_o thousand_o acre_n so_o plant_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o capital_a bailiff_n or_o ranger_n