above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they â—ouble Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the right hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left hand double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then
then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hepburne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers oâ—her Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant
hot sundry were killed of us but three for one of the enemy which finding himselfe resisted with valour being relieved by a fresh supply of another thousand men set on more furiously then before where sundry of our Officers were shot as Lievetenant Beaton Ensigne Dumbarre Lievetenant Arburthnot quarter Mr. Bruntfield my selfe divers others were killed as Sergeant Mac-kenyee Sergeant Young MoÌ„sieur Gordon Monsieur Stewart Monsieur Tullough all gentlemen of my Colonells company with divers more and Captaine Mac-kenyee was also shot favourably a thwart the Belly and I being wearied and growne stiffe with my wounds being helpt off did meete a fresh reliefe coming to us led by Lievetenant Andrew Stewart a valorous gentleman and of good conduct Brother to the noble Earle of Traquare I did exhort them en passant to carry themselves well they answered me cheerefully as became resolute Souldiers who were desirous to vindicate their camerades bloud against their enemies the reliefe being come the service went on a frâ—sh on both sides the enemy storming againe with the third reliefe which continued so long till a number of our Officers more were killed and hurt as Lievetenant Stewart Ensigne Seaton Ensigne Ennis Captaine Armes Andrew Monro and divers more were hurt During this time our Lievetenant Colonell was busied within the Towne in commanding the reliefes and in sending orders to the other Poasts to looke unto themselves who would not misse one man to succour or helpe us in our greatest neede Notwithstanding that the whole force of the enemies was imployed against us alone The second reliefe that came to our Poast was led by Colonell Frettz newly come to Towne with some Swedens who though not admitted to Command out of his generositie being accompanied with his Lievetenant Colonell Mac-Dougall and his Major called Semple with fourescore Musketiers voluntarily did come to succour and helpe our Nation who at his first coming received deaths wounds whereof he died shortly after His Lievetenant Colonell also was taken prisoner and was missing for six monâ—ths we not knowing whither he was dead or alive The Major also was killed instantly at his first coming to service so that the last time and on the last storme by the breake of day the enemy was once entred our workes and was beate backe againe with great losse with swords and pikes and butts of Muskets so that the day cleering the enemy was forced to retire having lost above a thousand men and we neare two hundred besides those who were hurt He that was on this nights service from the beginning to the ending being in action might avouch he did escape danger The enemy forsaking our workes unconquered the grasâ—e filled with their dead bodies equall to the bancks the workes ruin'd in the day time could not be repair'd which caused the next nights watch to be the more dangerous The seventeenth Observation THE Emperour Alexander Severe had reason to say that Military Discipline did conserve and maintaine the Estate And so might the magnanimous King of Denmarke say of this service and the Towne of Trailsound the Citizens of it before this time being sluggish dissolute cowards spend-thrifts and voluptuous are now by this Discipline made active menagers valiant sparing and honest the thankes whereof they owe unto our Nation whose bones lie in their ground and to our Country-man who since hath beene their Governour for the reward of his vertue was appointed by his Majestie of Sweden of worthy memory and set to Command over them and their Citie And it is most sure that the observance of good discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths making them to flourish where discipline is well kept as it was here during our beleagering for then we had no thought of gathering of money but of gaining of credit here were no Novices but expert Souldiers to resist both the craft and valour of their enemies who did feele the smart of their valourous resistance in heaping their dead bodies one upon another in the graffe During the time of this hot conflict none that was whole went off at the coming of the reliefe but continued in the fight assisting their Camerades so long as their strength served ever esteeming more of their credit than of their safetie through the desire they had to be revenged of the losses sustained by their Camerades On the other part it was reported of Walestine that he was so eager to get in the Towne that his Officers retiring off servce being hurt he caused to shoot them dead calling them Cowards for retiring with so small hurt Here also I purpose to speake somewhat of the Emperialists custome entring on service shouting like Turkes as if crying would terrifie resolute Souldiers No truely we were more encouraged having long expected for their coming being all of us well resolved for the Combat we were greedie of honour and therefore we longed to try our enemies valour Seeing we were more overjoyed of their coming than any wise terrified and we received them with Volees of Cannon and Musket in their teeth which faire and well come was hard of digestion unto some of them and it might be well said of them as the Proverbe is amongst the Bactrians that the dogges did barke more than they did bite especially the Fleete Curres for true courage consists not in words neither ought we to looke for much courage where we heare many boysterous words But on the contrary true valour doth consist in the greatnesse of courage and in the strength of the valiant Arme and not in the Tongue and the first people that did practise this lowde crying of martiall resolution and of rejoycing in battell were the Israelites who in the most part of their fighting used those cryes as testimonies of their faith and of their earnest calling for the helpe of the Almightie And a Lord of Africke being to fight against the Portugalls his Troopes ready to fight he said unto them they should not cry but strike hard for saith he those men whom you see are not accustomed to be afraide with words nor voyce for it is not in cryes but in valour that men should establish the hope of Victory Neverthelesse we reade in Histories that the Romanes and other warlike Nations were wont in Battells as to this day in approaches even as in fields to cry alowd and therefore we say among our selves at home that he is to be pittied that is surprized with the cry of his Enemies We reade also of the Savages whom the French doe call Tokniambous that before they come within halfe a mile they cry like Devills at the first sight of their enemies redoubling their cryes coming neare hand sounding their hornes lifting their Armes here and there in a boasting manner fighting so long as they are able to move hand or foote never giving ground or turning backe till they die Tacitus reports that the Germanes of old did sing going to fight and wee reade of Cato the
were sent with a Convoy unto Ausburg to be kept there till the monies were paied His Majesty then fearing that Walestine lately made Generalissimus to the Emperours whole Army was coming with a strong Army out of Bohemia and his Majesty thinking he was to fall with those Forces into the Duke of Saxons country and seeing the Duke of Bavier had his Army ready at Rhinsberg and the passe open he might joyne with Walestine when he pleased and therefore his Majesty resolved suddenly to breake up with his Army from Munchen giving orders all should be in readinesse against the twenty sixth of May to march towards Donavert and from thence in haste to Nurenberg The thirty-one Observation WISE Generalls must resolve in time to rule their affaires according to the occurrences happening in the course of warres for the Duke of Bavier finding himselfe after Tillies death and his losse sustained at Rhine on the Leacke not bastant to rancounter his Majesties Army in the fields he very wisely resolved to make a defensive warre betaking himselfe with his Army within his Strengths and Passes collecting his Forces together at those two places of Engolstat and Rhinsberg which his Majesty perceiving thought againe it was not time for him to enter in beleaguering of such strengths being so strongly beset and so well provided especially seeing his enemies were drawing strong to the fields from all parts The Spaniard forcing his troopes on the Rhine within the Palatinat Generall Major Ossa coming behinde him with an Army in Schwabland the Duke of Bavier lying strong with his Army betwixt him and Nurenburg on the passes of Engolstat and Rhinsberg Walestine also drawing neere to the Duke of Saxon with a strong Army to fall into his country betwixt his Majesty and home and Papenhaim then dominiering in the nether Saxon Creitches in consideration whereof his Majesty very wisely resolved to hang the little Townes Cloisters and Abbacies belonging to the Papists in Bavaria by the Purse taking of them on the sudden all the monies they were able to give him and pledges for the rest promising unto them unlesse they would duely pay their promised contribution unto his Commissaries the next time he would burne their Dorpes and houses and put all to the sword whereas then he had used clemency in hope they would give the like obedience unto him as unto the Duke their Master For his Majesty did see the enemy forced him by a diversion And therefore he used his time while he was in Bavaria that they might not forget he had bin there but rather tooke tokens with him as men mony Armes rare monuments of antiquity and rich Iewells and which was worse wherein his Majesty had neither hand nor direction many of their houses Dorpes and Castles were burnt to the ground by evill and wicked instruments that repaied burning with burning using the Papists at home as they used Protestants abroade being neere the Baltique coast they never dreamed that the Protestants would come so farre up as to repay them under the foote of the Alpes And had Gustavus lived we had gone neere to warme them within Rome for their by-past cruelties where we see that God the righteous judge punisheth sinne with sinne and man by his owne iniquity His Majesty leaving no Garrison in Bavaria to keepe the country the better in awe and obedience he tooke Hostages and pledges of speciall men from them along with him to make them the readier to pay the summes they had promised As also their contribution and to make them the loather to rise againe in Armes against his Majesties Garrisons which lay adjacenâ— unto them The Duke of Baviers forces being retired within their strengths passes finding themselves not Bastant to offend his Majesties Army they fall out on the other side of the Danube towards the upper Paltz making their incursions there and take in Wisenburg where they used both Burgers and Souldiers more unhumanly then became Christians to doe In like manner we see here the diligence and celerity used by his Majesty according to the occasions that happened in going so suddenly towards Ossa and in returning againe at the Poast with a convoy of Dragoniers towards Munchen to breake up with his Army having left Duke Barnard of Wymar with Generall Major Ruthven to attend on Ossa his Army on the borders of Tyroll towards Landaw and the Boden sea till businesse were pacified Here then we see that his Majesties diligence and experience in warlike actions was so great that his enemies never plotted that enterprize but how soone it came once to his knowledge he presently with celerity and quicknesse of judgment could finde out the contrary remedy ever to make himselfe appeare in effect the most fortunate Commander that ever we read of For his great experience in warlike actions did confirme his judgment and his courage for he was not affraid to doe what he did learne and practise before and like a wise Generall he did ever watch against all unlooked for stroakes for nothing could come wrong unto him because he was alike for all having had the whole compend of wit in his braines he could well and wisely governe the Common-wealth to fight battailes was his delight in the mâ—king of Leaguers he excelled all other Generalls as Tilly did know Engines to devise to passe over Rivers or Fossies or walles was his master-peece as Tillies death can witnesse at the Leacke to plante batteries or to change therein he was profound witnesse also his crossing the Leacke if lines or approaches were to be altered his judgment then behooved to be used in a word he was the Master of Military discipline being risen from a prentise to the great professor of Arts in this eminent and high calling of a Souldier where it is requisit that as a man is valorous and judicious so he ought to be constant in keeping his word and truth inviolable as this King did to all his confederats and to his enemies also And therefore as a most pretious Iewell his remarkable example of vertue is to be followed by those who would prove Heroicke and Magnificent as he was And therefore I was serious to prie so deepe into his actions as that those whom I wish to succeede him in his vertues may follow his practises used in the conquest of a great part of Germany for his spirit alone and skill in warres was better then thousands of Armed men The like gifts I heartily wish to my Noble Patron his Highnesse the Prince Elector Palatine whom I wish to succeede him not only in his vertues but in his conquest also Seing then the greatest part of humane happinesse doth consist in vertue who ever then would be wise let him fix his eyes and his minde to judge other mens actions thereby to correct his owne looking unto all that was and is to th' end that through their example he may learne to better himselfe for so long he shall florish as
Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his pannâ— and prime againe having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketâ—ers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving-fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and