so long or oval as ours commonly are but a short and flat round in shape of a Boul nor are the Ribs covered with such a Fret work but smooth The Yellow ones are like the White for shape and are not known from them until opened but are not esteemed quite so good The Peaches here are extraordinary good and big wâ—â—ghing from ten to fifteen or sixteen Ounces Here are also Citrons Oranges and Lemons in abundance One sort of Lemon is very extraordinary and seldom seen in England For beside their largeness and thinness of skin filled with excellent sharp juice they are without either seed or stone Here are also abundance of curious Plants The curious Plants I here took particular notice of are these 1. Genista seu Spartium a small shrub growing on the Cliffs bearing many Silver-colour'd leaves on little Twigs which are succeeded with a knot of small Golden flowers whose little cod or seed being pass'd the twigs that remain become sharp thorns 2. Convolvulus with a large purple flower and leaves like Sagittaria or Arrow-head This I found among the Pitch-Springs 3. Prunella Spinosa 4. Coris Matthioli G. 544. 5. Gossipium Here I first saw the Cotton Plant grow which is an Annual lant sown in Fields as we do Hemp and Flax but altogether unlike them It hath a Stalk a foot high beset with leaves like Maple divided into three sometimes four parts from among which leaves come yellow flowers like Mallows or Holly-hacks in shape set in a cup consisting of three green leaves nipped about the edges This the flower being past filleth it self up with a shell like a Nut crouded full of Cotton with two or three round seeds in it 6. Anagallis Aquatica 3tia Lob. 7. Glaux Dioscordis as hath been thought by some It is like Gramen Burgundiacum in substance and leaves and the flower also ends in branches but of a blewish purple colour which are succeeded by cods each divided into two or three round rough and flat shells joyned to each other in each of which is a seed like a Tare 8. Cistus Plantaginis folio This hath four or five leaves lying flat on the ground long hairy and sinewed like the middle kind of Plantan from which groweth a stalk of a foot high beset at several distances with smaller long leaves at the top it is divided into several branches of bright and yellow flowers with black bottoms This I found only upon Monte di Scoppo 9. Lychnis with Flowers speckled like the Strawberry-pricks 10. A small Plant like Hyssop or Savoury but thin and downy with small tender flowers on the top like Geranium not divided into leaves but a certain cup of a reddish colour full of purple veins 11. Cicerum Creticum July the Twenty-eighth after four days stay at Zant we went aboard again our former Ship called the Guerriera Costante Commanded by Captain Zoane Bronze Native of Perasto a Town in Albania He was formerly a Pirate and for his Valour well known and feared by the Turks and reverenced by the Corsairs He is esteemed one of the stoutest Soldiers the State of Venice hath in its service They tell of him that in his younger days he was at Perasto on a time when it was assaulted by a party of Two thousand Turks and they in the Town not above Fifty-nine persons yet for all that they made such vigorous resistance that they slew a great part of the Turks razed their Batteries and in conclusion made such a Valorous Excursion upon them as made them desist from their enterprize By a North-wind we put out and left the Promontory di Scoppo on the right hand but not without saluting the holy Image on the top of it for luck sake Not long after we passed the Isles Strophades called now Strovadi or Strivalli thought by the ancient Poets to be the refuge of the Harpies They are judged about Fifty miles from Zant and Thirty from the Morea very low and the biggest not above Five miles in circuit Nevertheless they report that there is such plenty of fresh water there that one cannot thrust a stick into the ground but water gusheth out in the place which makes them very fertile They also say that in the Fountains of this Isle are often found Plane-tree leaves though none grow upon the place but only in the Morea which makes them believe and not without reason that their Original is from thence and by subterraneous Channels they are brought thither Here is a Covent of about fifty or sixty Greeks in it who defend their miraculous Madonna by several Bastions planted with good Canons for fear of the Corsairs though they say the very Turks of Barbary have a respect for those Reverend Fathers and seldom put a shore here but to take in fresh water For great Ships they report it to be inaccessible except in very moderate and calm weather there being so many Flats about it and no shelter for them About Threescore miles further we doubled the Cape Sapienza anciently called on the West-side Coriph Promontorium on the East Acriti Promontorium before which lie in a row the little Islands Sapienza Carrera and Venetica well known to the Pirates of Barbary who use to skulk with their Vessels behind them attending the Barques that come out of the Gulph of Venice and others which they can master bound that way for the Levant We were not far from these Islands passing the Gulph Corone called formerly Sinus Messeniacus when a Saylor from the Main-top-Mast made Ten Sail of great Ships steering the same course as we did Upon this we fired a Gun to give notice to the Commander of our Discovery hoisting and lowring ten times our Ensign to denote the number of Sail. He immediately spared Sail and made as little way as was convenient considering a fair Nor-West Wind which we had almost a poop The like we did and with all speed prepared for an Engagement knocking down all the Cabbins and throwing Chests and Hammocks into the Hold. They loaded the Guns put out the wast-cloaths and quartered the Soldiers in their several Posts being as yet uncertain whether they were friends or enemies They suspected them to be Algerines or some other Fleet of African Pirates Some feared they were French-men in whom they had no great confidence because they had lately denied some of the French Kings Ships coming from Mesina liberty to take in Provision at Zant and therefore they knew not how it might be resented However whether Friends or Enemies they thought it not safe to trust either whereby they might be surprized It was three hours before they came up to us although they made all the Sail they could which made us believe that they were either Dutch or English Merchant-men feeing they were so flow and not Pirates or Men of VVar who use to be better Sailers But at length when they came nearer we discerned them to be Hollanders by their Ensigns which were striped of
a stringy Root springeth at first a thick Tuft of tender Sprouts whose Leaves are set so thick after one another two by two and crossing each other that they quite hide the round Stalk and make it look most Beautiful It seemeth all over hairy but as it groweth up about half a foot high it stretcheth the Leaves to a greater distance from each other in pairs and still crossing each other They are of a light green colour ribbed oval and pierced like St John's Woort but not pointed at the Ends smooth on both sides but round the Edges very rough and hairy I observe now since they are dry that they are full of black Spots Towards the top of the Flowers come out one above another from between the Leaves and leave a little Button of Seed divided into three parts with a hairy Husk about it of fine Leaves I cannot be positive whether I saw the Flower or no but if my Memory doth not very much fail me I did and it was a reddish colour But it is perfectly faded in my Book being very thin and tender I think it may be properly called Hyperioon margine crinifero Olympii Montis 7. After Conyzoides Gesneri with another thought to be Astragalus Matheoli flore Caeruleo 8. Pyrola fruticosior tenerior or as Bauhinus frutescens Arbuti folio which expresseth more the Nature of it 9. Gentianella Verna which hath a Knot of small Ature Flowers growing close to the ground 10. Senetium lanuginosum as Mr. Merchant or rather Senetio incana pinguis according to C. Bauhinus page 131. Downy Grounsel for it is so fat and glutinous that it sticketh to the Fingers This is not described by Gerard But it groweth taller and of a more strong Substance than the ordinary Grounsel But to give an exact Description of it I know not well how For it is spoiled with bringing so far or rather for want of care in putting it up better The Leaves as I remember are somewhat bigger than the vulgar and something like Ragweed 11. Cerinthe Minor G. 12. Cystus Argenteis foliis as Mr. Merchant calleth it I do not find it described in Gerard nor can I sind any Name agreeing with it exactly in C. Bauhinus his Pinà x although there are many incana hirsuta This is a little shrubby Plant growing from one Root into a round Tuft of woody Branches not a handful high from the ground dividing it self into many white Twigs which are thick set with small triple Leaves covered with a shining Whiteness like Sattin among which I saw short broad and flat Cods but the Hair longer and more downy containing a little shining and broad Seed Perhaps it may be that which Bellonius telleth grows not in France nor Italy without giving any other Desrciption of it nor hath it by me been seen in either 13. Cymbalaria Italica G. 14. Calamentha montana praestantior G. 687. 15. Elichryson sive Gnaphalium comâ aureâ This is a very beautiful Plant which hath lying almost flat on the ground several long Leaves out of the middle of which riseth up a round Stalk of a handful and half high set about carelesly with narrow Leaves All of them from the bottom to the top covered with so thick white Down that it may be pulled off with the Fingers The top is crowned with a Tuft of scaly globular Flowers of a bright yellow colour which being gathered will continue fresh many Years 16. There is growing up and down upon the top of this Mountain Tufts of Grass or Rushes lying round together upon the ground like a Hedgehog or Porcupine about half a handful high each having a sharp hard point which makes it very hard to come at to gather any of it 17. Stratiotes Tragi page 476. or Millefolium Nobile G. I. B. page 1073. He hath forgot to mention the Odoriferous Smell it hath The Seeds smell like the Seeds of common Tansy but more pleasant His Design agreeth well with my Plants 18. Descending from the Mountain I observed another sort of Hypericon or St John's Woort with a single large Flower on the top upon a Stalk of a foot or better high whereon Leaves grow like the other St John's Woort but larger and by pairs at equal distances The Description that C. Bauhinus in his Prodromo page 130. giveth of Ascyron magno flore agreeth well with this only I may add That it beareth but one Flower at the top and that the Seeds follow the Flower in a round Cod like Park Leaves which he never saw but saith It was gathered in the Pyrenaean Mountains by Dr Barserus but this here upon Olympus 19. Panax Heracleum or Hercules All-heale But whether it beareth Opopanax here I had not time to examine 20. Borago Semper Virens or Everlasting Borage of which G. page 797. 21. On the Mountain in plain Places where standing Water had been I gathered a kind of Gnaphalium which I find not described It is most like the Leontopodium of Gerard But whereas he says That riseth a handful high This creepeth and lieth flat on the Ground From a little blackish Root spreade five or six or more downy Stems of about an Inch long on which are commonly half a dozen white sharp Leaves three long ones and three short ones like the Stoechas Citrina I but now mentioned Within which is a greenish yellow Flower I believe each of them take root and produce many more of the same For it spreadeth irregularly very much abroad whereof this I have now described is but a slip although it is rooted 22. I was shewed a dried Herb that groweth on this Mountain whereof the Powder is made we commonly call Tutti Dr Pickering called it Herba Tuitia I saw it only dry but it seemeth both in Root Leaves and Flower to be very like our ordinary Field-Cowslip only the Leaves are much longer and the Cups that contain the Flowers rather like Auricula Vrsi and the Flowers of a reddish colour of five little Leaves each with a notch also at the top They say when it is blown there is a Dust that may be shaken off this Plant which is the best Powder This Armenian told us There groweth a World of other curious Plants and fair Flowers about this Mountain but that the time of Year to see them was past As for me I was glad I found these and sorry that Night grew so near that I was forced to desist searching them to find the way down which we did with difficulty enough not being half way down before the Night over-took us nor arrived we to the Kan before ten or eleven at Night I was carried to a Turkish Quack-Salver a Man reputed for his Skill in Physick among them where I saw a great many ordinary Herbs dried in bundles some I knew not perhaps it was because ill dried All that I saw green was an Herb much like Germander only the Snips of the Leaves were sharp and not
bigness When it was dead we tied a string about the Throat that no Water could pass down the Belly and tried how much Water this Bag would hold We had a wooden Kan there whose Dimensions were these The Top Three Inches and One Nineth Part Diameter The Bottom Six Inches and One Seventh Part Diameter Deep Ten Inches and One Fifth Part. Five of these Kans of Water we put into the Bag using no other Art to make it stretch than meerly the weight of the Water as we filled it which I verily judge to have been in the whole no less than ten or a dozen Quarts After this we opened it and found the Throat down to the Breast large enough to swallow a Carp of a foot long thence to the Gizzard but small The Gizzard is not of a round fleshy substance as other Fowls but near half a Foot long and an Inch and Quarter Diameter of a thicker substance than the rest of the Guts before or after The Lungs of a skinny Substance sticking fast on each side to the Ribs but a little red In its Gizzard were many live small Worms which I know not whether it were his Meat or his Disease The Blood and Flesh were very black and therefore I suppose very bad Meat They are in vast numbers all about these Seas as well as at Smyrna The Greeks say With these Bags they carry Fish and Water to their Young Ones in the Mountains where they breed Another day walking abroad I found one of those Tree-Froggs TREE-FROGGS which I met with and only mentioned at Ephesus The Greeks call it Spordaca Both of those which I saw were small in shape like others but of a deep green colour like a green Wallnut and when it lies close to the Ground resembles the better half of a Wall-nut lying flat For then it doubleth its Feet so close under it that it seemeth one entire piece The Nature of this Frogg is much different from that of others For those delight to be still on the Ground among Grass or in the Water whereas this kind delights to climb Trees Bushes and Shrubs and to sit chirping upon them For which purpose also Nature hath made Provision its Toes ending in a little round Knob like a Pins-head out of which issueth such a clammy Substance that leaping from Bough to Bough like a Squirrel wheresoever it toucheth with any of its Feet it hangeth and gets up its whole Body as I often tried I did not perceive that it held by grasping with its Feet as Birds and Squirrels do but only sticking by that clammy Substance to the smoothest Leaves I kept one several days with us upon a Bough of Lentiscus sticking the Bough into the Wall I put it into the Water and found it would swim like other Frogs but made all the haste imaginable to be out of that colder Element and never offered to dive under Water at all To see how it will recover it self by one Foot touching a Bough or Leaf is very wonderful and almost past Belief From the Mountains here run down many Streams and pass into the Sea within the Gulph And between Patras and the Promontory Drepanum which is within the Gulph of Lepanto Pausanias mentions four Rivers and a Fountain but somewhat confusedly for want of distinguishing which are without and which are within the Promontory Rhion The first is the River Milichus which I spake of already at Patras which riseth among the Hills behind the Town and falleth into the Sea South-Westwards of it The next is the River Charadrus which I place within the Promontory Rhion because I observed no Stream between Patras and the Castles and the Fountain Argyra which is within the Castles next following it To this River Charadrus the Country round about used to bring their Cattle in the Spring to drink believing that their Young Ones would be much the larger for it The Fountain Argyra I suppose is that which I mentioned within the Promontory Rhion or the Castles about a Mile near the little Hut I said we staid at so long expecting a Wind. And the River Selemnus one of those Streams next to it which Pausanias saith The Patrassians believed would cure those in Love that washed themselves therein Which was the Gift of Venus to it pitying the Shepherd Selemnus forsaken by the inconstant Nymph Argyra when his Blooming Youth began to decay Next to this he mentions the River Bolinaeus the chaste Nymph that gave Name to which being pursued by Apollo wilfully threw her self into the Sea head-long to avoid his foul Embraces I observed that Terebinthus grows not large here but bears Cods of Opobalsamum CHARADRUM There grows abundance of Myrtle here also and a sort of Iris with Leaves like Grass and a curious Azure-coloured Flower The Wind continuing yet contrary after eleven days stay in this miserable Hole we began to be so weary that we did not know how to dispose of our selves and considering what was to be done to deliver us from these tedious Passages by Sea in which we found we had no good Fortune we concluded to go back to Mr Pendarves at the Ship and furnish our selves with so much Money as would carry us quite through Greece to Vienna where I ordered Letters of Credit to meet us Therefore we made a Bargain with our Patron Dervish Haly to carry us thither So we hoised Sail and came that Evening under the Mountain Galata I before mentioned Here we found another Barque that had staid eight days for the same Wind that we wanted in a little Bay that stands in the Lee under this Mountain from which issueth a Spring of very good fresh Water The Greeks call it Crio Nero or the Cold Water for they say It is very cold in the Summer Perhaps this was in former Times the Callirrhoe of the Antients The Flower Tithymalus Spinosus Lib IIII Though it began to be dark I made shift to clamber up the side to the Rock and gathered a bundle of Herbs among which when I came into the Barque I found a kind of Spurge I had not before seen It is a Shrub that groweth in a small round Bush of a Foot high spreading infinitely into Branches until it bends every way down to the Ground and is every way guarded with Bunches of Thorns at the top among which spring up young tender Branches full of small Leaves shaped like Hypericon full of Milk and on the top Knots of Flowers like the other Tithymaus the Stems of which I judge to grow hard and turn into Thorns This I saw afterwards in many Parts of Greece in the Plains of Athens and on the Isthmus There groweth Fust also or Yellow-wood used to dye with called by the Greeks Chrysoxulo or Golden-wood The next Morning early we came to the Ship to Mr Pendarves where having dispatched our business we refreshed our selves and the next day the Wind favouring of us we crossed over to
is a place that aboundeth with all sorts of Provisions whether Corn Flesh or Fish only Wine is scarce by reason that it is prohibited But though there be none permitted to be sold in the City at Gallata are some Christian Cabarets but the Wine is dear They sell it by weight here and all over Turkey The Oka which is a weight of about forty two Ounces is sold here for a quarter of a Doller that is about fourteen Pence and contains about three Pints and an half or two Quarts The best Wine is made by the Jews who by their Law must not make Mixtures They have great plenty of many sorts of good Fish Oysters here are better than I tasted them any where except in England The Sword-Fish is another I took notice of for its Goodness and firm fleshy Substance Their Fruits are excellent Figs Peaches and Apples very fair and good The Turks are very sweet-tooth'd and love all kind of sweet Meats But I cannot commend them for good Confectioners They preserve Fruits with new Wine boyled to Syrup Honey and sometimes Sugar which although they are not ill-tasted would hardly pass with our English Ladies they are so ill-colour'd Their most ordinary Drink is Water next a Sorbet made of Raisins steeped in Water But the Richer sort have Sorbet made of Sugar and Honey boyled to a consistence with the Juyce of lemons which they mix with Water when they use it Coffee they drink at any time but at Meal and is the usual Entertainment when any come to visit them About a dozen or fifteen Miles North from Gallata BELGRADE towards the Black Sea we went to see a place which from the Beauty and Pleasantness of it is called Belgrade The Country lies high shaded with abundance of Woods watered with many wholsom Springs stored with several sorts of Game accommodated with several small Villages at convenient Distances and the Air very good and healthful To these shady Woods many Persons of Quality as well of the Turks as Ambassadours and rich Merchants retire to enjoy the fresh Air in the scorching Heats of Summer and to hunt at the proper Seasons of the Year Here some build them pretty Houses of Pleasure others stately Chiosques or Banquetting-Houses and others content themselves to sojourn in Tents they stretch out under the tall Trees near some refreshing Spring All these Springs are with great Care and greater Charges collected into several large Cisterns near each of which is built a stately Chiosque or Summer-house The usual Form of them is square contrived so with large Pent-house-Roofs for shade yet so open round about that one enjoys all the Liverty Freshness and Goodness of the open Air without the least Inconvenience from the heat of the Sun You mount up to them by four or five Steps to an Area paved with Purcelane Tile or Marble covered with Indian Mats or Carpets with Balusters or Rails about it The Roof also within is painted with several Colours as red green white and yellow and pretty Knots of Figures wrought on them From these Cisterns the Water is conveyed by Channels under ground to the several Aqueducts that carry it by many Windings and Turnings over the low Valleys from the tops of Hills to Hills until at last it is brought with a vast Charge to Constantinople Several of these we observed both in our way thither and return to Gallata AUQEDUCTS Especially one about mid-way joyning two Hills together cross a Valley at least half a Mile over This consists of two Ranges of Arches whereof the lowermost hath fifty and the uppermost fifty one and I believe from the deepest part of the Valley to the top of the Aqueduct is above thirty Yards There is another in sight of this Eastwards which bends and makes an Angle This hath three Ranges of Arches one above the other but not so many in number North of this first we saw another which joyns two Hills together by a narrow but very deep Valley This hath but four Arches in two Tanges but the Arches are exceedign large I measured them not but Mr. Smith saith They are above fifty Foot wide The Care of these Waters and the cleansing of these Aqueducts and Channels are imposed upon the adjacent Villages for which service they are freed from all other Taxes Most of these Aqueducts were built by the latter Roman and Greek Emperours But by Time Wars and Neglignece being run to decay and ruined they were repaired again at the great Charge and indefatigable Industry of Sultan Suliman who for this and the stately Mosque he built in the City was deservedly called the Magnificent These Waters being thus brought to the City are again collected into several great Cisterns and thence again by earthen Pipes dispersed to the several Quarters private Houses and publick Buildings of the City Whereof one is against the wall of the City by Ballata another under Hagia-Sophia and Mr. Smith speaks of one at Sultan Selim's Mosque The Plants I took notice of hereabouts were 1. PLANTS A kind of Dwarf-Abrotonum with Flowers like Cammonil 2. A sort of Serpillum with Leaves like Savoury the Smell also differing from ours Lib II. Fig Ix Androsoemum Constaninopolitaâ—um flore maximo I found another Plant going thither and to the Black-Sea also which I know not to what species to refer unless to Androsemum majus which we call Parks-Leaves For the Leaves are of the substance and colour only longer and of a more tough Substance growing two by two on a shrubby square Stalk of a reddish colour not rising from the ground above a span high On the top of which succeedeth a large yellow Flower much bigger than Parks-Leaves filled with a large Tuft of the same our of which before the Flower is fallen beginneth to rise a long Vessel divided into five Appartments full of reddish Seeds The Smell is like the best Turpentine but more fragrant and like Coris Of it I observed two sorts The difference is only that the other by pairs cross each other It spreads upon the Ground in heaps so that seldom one shall find one Stalk alone Since my writing this I find that Dr. Morison hath described this Plant in his excellent History of Plants having raised it in the Botanick Garden at Oxford of which Science he is the Learned Professour out of the Seeds I sent to that University and hath named it Androsemum Olympii montis flore semine Theca quinque capsulari ominum maximus which is extreamly well distinguished only he should have put in Byzantinum or Constantinopolitanum instead of Montis Olympii as he hath done lately in a Letter to me with the Design of the Plant I here give you I also there saw some Trees of Guaiacum Patavinum which were shewed us as a Rarity at Pera. We waited a good while for a calm Day to go to the Mouth of the Black Sea to see the Pillar vulgarly called
round like That But perhaps it may be a kind of it I observed nothing of the Smell nor did I see the Flower But the Root is hard and woody Near the Town in the High-way groweth Periploca Latifolio in great plenty differing from that which Gerard describeth page 902. only that towards the ground it is of a shrubby Substance We finding Mr Cary as the Doctor thought in a mending Condition but that it would not be possible for him in many days to travel such a Journey we at last resolved to proceed in ours and leave him to God's Blessing and under Him to the care of Dr Covel his Spiritual Physician and the Armenian his Acquaintance and two Men their Servants But not long after we came to Smyrna we heard of his Death not without suspicion of a malignant Distemper brought with him from Constantinople So that Wednesday the thirteenth of October we parted thence but not above a Mile out of Town that Evening to Capligi where are the Baths of natural hot Waters but adorned with noble Structures of Marble over them covered with Cuppaloes of Lead It being Afternoon the time when the Women bathe only the Men in the Forenoon we could not enter into the Chiefest Only into one built by the Piety of a potent Man of the Country with Lodgings to it commodious for the use of Strangers The Basin of which is not great but of Marble and covered with a Cuppalo with Bell-Glasses here and there to let in the Light but not the Air. The Doctor and I concluded That the Water here is much hotter than ours in England it not being possible to be endured without tempering it with cold Water I was surprized the next Morning when I came to get on Horseback that I had no Bridle For not knowing their Custom I had forgot to put it into my Bargain which was three Dollars a Horse to Smyrna But I made our Guide to get me one before I would part thence But as my Companion observeth I learned afterwards in Greece to be less nice For there we were sometimes mounted like Marcus Aurelius in the Capitol without Bridle or Saddle However we parted before it was day and having rid through a plain South-west from this place part being well tilled and part Pasture stocked with Cows Horses and Boufalos a sort of Cattle not much differing from Oxen only they love the Water better and are much worse Meat but labour extreamly well We staid to bait our selves at a little Greek Village but not our Horses for they are accustomed to travel all day without it in Turkey After Dinner we proceeded still through a Country much of the same Nature with that in the Morning only here and there some little Hills that gave us good Prospects of the other parts of the spacious Campagne This day we met with half a dozen of Horse-men which we took to be Robbers and not without reason as we were afterwards informed But with our Janizary we took from Constantinople and the Doctor 's and Mr Bernardiston's Men we were seven of us well armed besides our Guides So that we were not afraid of a greater force than theirs An hour and an half or two Hours we went along not far distant at our left hand a fine Lake as we judg'd it about twenty five Miles long and about seven or eight broad through which the River Ascanius runneth as we then judged and the Lake it self to have been so called also but I rather believe it to be the Rhyndicus RHYNDICUS fl It is sull of little Islands and one good large one on which is a considerable Village of Greeks At last we came to the Banks of the River which here runneth Westwards along which I found the Glycyrrhiza Echinata or Hedgehog Licorice described by Gerard 13â—0 I took notice that it had here a sweet Smell About three or four Miles from the Mouth of the Lake we arrived in about six Hours time to Lubat Lubat is situated on the other side of the River LUBAT that cometh out of the Lake which we passed over to by a Wooden Bridge But there are the Ruins of one of Stone hard by The River is here large and deep and goes hence as they say to meet with the Granicus My Companion calleth it Lupadi But as they pronounced it after the Turkish manner I took it to be Lubat He adding That Nicetas Choniâtes called it in the thirteenth Century Lupadium It hath without doubt been an antient City as the Fragments of Antiquity that lay carelesly up and down every where viz. Pillars Chapters c. or confusedly placed in the Walls do testifie The Walls were undoubtedly built by the Greek Emperours and yet are standing in a square Figure with Bastions every fifteen or twenty paces one Hexagon and the other Triangular But the South-wall Bastions are all Triangular or Cone-fashion I suppose against the Inundations of the River Whether Ferrari calleth it rightly Apollonia I do not determin But I am sure they place this Lake too near the Propontis and this City also on the wrong side of the Lake and indeed are wrong in placing it at all upon the Lake For it is upon the River about three or four Miles after it cometh out of the Lake and about five or six and thirty Miles from Prousa ad Olympum We lodged here at a Greek Fisher-Man's House who presented us with an admirable Carp take out of the River whereof it aboundeth weighing as we judged at least a dozen pound There are excellent Trouts also as the Doctor informed us he had often eaten here Friday the fifteenth we parted from Lubat early making South-wards and after seven Hours riding through the fruitful Plains of Mysia we baited at a Well near a small Village called Shettiqui We were diverted this Morning by a Haga sent as an Inquisitor after the Thieves we met with the Morning before He had at least a dozen of Servants and Friends that waited upon and accompanied him But he seemed to be better prepared to hunt Hares and Partridges than to catch Thieves For he had two brace of Grey-hounds with him and a Hawk He joyned very civilly with us and after some discourse invited us to take part of his Sport which we did he still hunting along our way in the Corn-fields We had good sport both in Coursing and Hawking We chaced three Hares and killed one and had a flight after a Partridge but without success After this he invited us to Dinner with him which our Doctor and Merchant excused being jealous of Turkish Kindness Here I first took notice That the Turkish Grey-hounds differ from ours having their Heads and Ears like a Spaniel but otherwise well made to run After we had baited we pursued our way over several Plains and Hills which often afforded us a most delightful Prospect of Mount Olympus that had now contracted it self into a much less compass proportioned
Mouth which he placeth between Parium and Lampsacus emptying it self into the Propontis nor yet of the River Aesopus Wherefore these may be esteemed some other Rivers of Phrygia or Mysia Minor or Hellespontick Mysia which I suppose to be extended until the Mountain by the Iron-Gate or Mount Timnus now mentioned Whence also I believe Mysia major begins and reacheth unto the Mountain by Thyatira Thirdly This River at Mandragorai abovementioned is most probably the Caicus whose Fountain Ptolomy putteth in the same Latitude with the Rhyndicus but not in the same Longitude and Strabo makes the Caicus to pass through the best part of Mysia before it comes to Pergamo But this by the way I was going to tell what Plants I found by it in my Walk this Evening 1. PLANTS AT MANDRAGORAL Scordium Lanuginosum sive Creticum Downy or Candy Scordion 2. Alsine Lotoides sive Anthylloides sive Spergulae facie C. Bauhinus 3. Gingidium Hispanicum which the Spaniards call Visnago in great esteem among them for Tooth-picks as Dr Pickering informed me when he shewed it me growing all over these Countries The next morning we parted thence and soon passed the River Whence up and down in a rough Mountainous Country we travelled till about three in the Afternoon when we arrived at a Village under a Mountain called Courougouli or the Dry Lake For the Plain round about in Winter is filled with Water like a Lake and in the Summer is dry Plants here observed were 1. PLANTS AT COUROUGOULI Leucoium Alyfsoides clypeatum majus C. Bauhin Dioscorides Gerard page 465. Mine agreeth well with common Moonwort only the Leaves of it as it groweth bigger put out here and there a little Angle and grow round about it near the ground in a Tuft Whence it sendeth but a single Stalk as I observed in most of them set with oval Shields c. and the whole Plant very woolly like Woollen Cloth as it yet remaineth in my Book But that change may happen through Alteration of Climate Lib III. Fig IIII Origanum Spicatum montis Sipyli folijs glabris W 2. But the Plant which pleased me most to see here was a most beautiful kind of Origanum with long purple Flowers Mr. Merchant calleth it Origanum Heracleoticum Flore purpureo But Dr. Morison much better hath named it Origanum spicatum It is an Origanum different from any that hath been seen in our parts From black stringy and creeping Roots rise up many downy round Stalks beset in pairs of Leaves at first somewhat downy and ribbed with such small Ribs as are hardly perceiveable to the Touch. The Shape is round near the Stem and endeth in a sharp point like the small Myrtle These shoot a foot and half or two foot high from the Ground the Stalk and Leaves growing smooth and towards the top in pairs it sendeth out very small Twigs which end in a scaly Flower like a Hop sometimes near an inch long and of a light purple colour between whose scales come small Purple Flowers When they are bruised they send forth a weak Scent something resembling Stoecas Arabicus I found it both in Flower and Seed with which I have furnished several Gardens And it flourisheth now very well at Oxford The next day we passed over a good high Mountain whence we had the Prospect of a large Plain East of us and came very early to Basculumbai a Village of about two or three hundred Houses BASCULUMBAI having a Kan and three Mosques also We lodged at an Acquaintance of the Doctor 's a Turk that made as much of us as he could This place tradeth much in Cotton I took notice of the Instrument they separate the Seed from the Cotton with which is only two Rowls one of Wood about two or three inches diameter and another small one of Iron set in a frame so as to rouch one another each of which being turn'd round the other turneth also and letteth the Cotton pass between as it goeth about but leaveth the round Seeds behind Here I observed a little River which may fall into the Caicus Thursday the Nineteenth of October we parted hence early in the morning and about a Mile from the Town left the common Road to Smyrna on the right hand and passed through a pleasant Country mixed with Woods and Pastures until we came to a Mountain stretched out in length East and West yet not very high It hath a Gap in the middle through which we passed along a Stream great part of which is carried in Aqueducts under-ground to Thyatira This Mountain is supposed to part Mysia major and Lydia To defend this Passage on the right hand a good height are the Ruins of an old Castle called by the Turks Akeisar or White Castle as they do also now call Thyatira which we saw from hence over a Plain about two Miles further South and arrived thither about Noon Thyatira is a very antient City in Lydia or in the Confines of Mysia a Colony of the Macedonians according to Strabo situate almost in the mid-way between Pergamo and Sardis in a very delightful Plain But since more famous in Holy Writ being one of those Churches of Asia the Son of God vouchsafed to write to by the Holy Apostle St John THYATIRA shewing them what they must look for if they did not reclaim themselves from the Fornication with which they were polluted through the perswasion of some who taught them to eat Meats offered unto Idols thereby to dissemble the Truth Upon which warning how well they reformed is uncertain But certain that Christianity is almost extinct in this place there being not above ten Christians in the Town destitute both of Church and Priest Their Patience and Suffering undoubtedly is great among that disproportionable number of Infidels For the Town is very populous in Turks and may contain four or five thousand Souls It s antient Temporal as well as Spiritual Beauty is destroyed its Marble Buildings are buried in their own Ruins Houses built of Clods of Earth and dried in the Sun only remaining and it s once glorious Name obliterated Insomuch that a very little while ago none knew where it was to be found nor where it did stand Some thought with the ignorant Greeks that it was Tyreth a Town South-East of Ephesus about twenty Miles where they pretend they have the Apocalypse of St John's own writing as I have heard Until the Curiosity and Piety of the English Consul of Smyrna Mr Ricaut with several of the Merchants whose Devotions were raised by their Minister Mr Lake gave a Period to this gross Errour by finding this to be the antient Thyatira For they met with many Inscriptions here where the name Thyatira is mentioned of which all we could find being a dozen we copied with as great exactness as we could which gave us a great deal of News of this Place The first we were shewed was at a kind of
of Plenty held up by Victories At Paris Monsieur Galland shewed me a Medal of Gallienus the Emperour where I read on the Reverse ΜΑΓÎΗΤΩΠΑΠΟ ϹΙΠ. One I had at Symrna of the Emperour Maximinus which hath also upon the Reverse ΜΑΓÎΗΤΩΠonly Of which read further Another I saw and copied in the King of France's Library of silver with a Mure-crowned Head the Reverse a standing Figure holding a Spear with these Letters Med. 29 30. ΜΑΓÎΗΤΩΠΣΙΠΥΛΟΥ The Situation of This and Prousa look much alike delightful and resemble one another As that lieth under Olympus so this under Sipylus and seem to have shared alike in fate having been its Predecessor in the Imperial Seat of the Ottoman Empire and remains yet a Bashalique although of late governed by a Deputy under the Title of Moselim and is great populous and rich from the Trade it driveth in Cotton We lodged at the House of the Chief of the Janizaries who was eminent in the War of Candia for which this was his Reward now living in great Repute for his Courage from being a Servant to the English in Smyrna His House is pretty and he treated us well He furnished us with a Janizary to see the Seraglio of the Grand Signior when they abode here as in their chief Imperial City which is now well near ruined The Lodgings have a spired Tower covered with Lead five stories high and it had a large Garden about it adorned with Chiosques Fish-ponds Fountains and Baths About the Walls and Trees I observed abundance of Storks which were now going all away South-wards Winter growing on as we daily observed them in vast flights all the way from Constantinople thither They have a great many Mosques and Baths here But the Christians who are few have only one Church The Castle is on a steep Hill between the City and the Mountain which I esteem strong not being commanded by any higher Ground near it About it are perceivable several Ranges of Walls one above another which it may be were in antient times the chief part of the City They say There is kept an antient Roman Helmet but it being too late we could not have time to go see it this Evening and our Company posted us away next Morning too early The next Morning therefore October the one and twentieth early we set out from this Town and in less than a Mile West of it we began to mount the Sipylus by the easiest Passage and were above three hours before we could look over that part of it which is not the highest by a great deal for it well deserves to be reckoned among the highest Mountains of Asia Hence we had a fair Prospect of the Plain of Magnesia North stretching it self in length East-ward from the Ionian Sea which we had West-wards and Smyrna with its fair Port South-West And South-East not very far off the Place where we were begin Mountains which stretch themselves far East through the Lesser Asia as the Doctor told me who called it Elis. Perhaps it is the beginning of Mount Taurus I would have given much that I could have had time to search this Mountain as I did Olympus But our Company were too near home to be at leisure for such Curiosities Only I had time to take notice of abundance of that Origanum I before described and here I saw some in its Flowers PLANTS AT MOUNT SIPYLUS And therefore being the most eminent Place I call it Origanum montis Sipyli To which I add 1. Genista minima spinosa 2. Another little Plant with silver Leaves growing to the Ground which I knew to be a Scabious only by one Seed I found not dropped out It is nearest like the Scabiosa argentea angustifolio of C. Bauhinus described in his Prodromus But it is less the Leaves not narrower but shorter and rounder towards the top growing without Order near the ground from a woody Root from which springs a Stalk I judge by the bigness of that three or four handfuls high and branches out into other fine Twigs by pairs and may be called Scabiosa Argentea minor 3. Viola Pentagonea tenui folio as Mr Merchant calleth it But I find it not the same nor like any described by Gerard nor named by C. Bauhinus in his Pinax From a small tender Root riseth a branchy tender Plant beset carelesly and thin with small long Leaves like Hyssop which the nearer the top are yet longer and narrower On the top is a pale blue Flower somewhat inclining to Purple much larger than the ordinary Speculum Veneris and more tender of five Leaves sustained by a Starry Cup of five points long and set as the Leaves with little Thorns like the Nettle So soon as we came to the bottom of the Hill we were met by the Consul to His Majesty Mr Paul Rycaut and many of the English Merchants with good Horses and well trapped according to the Turkish Fashion as the rest of their own Habits also were only their Hats excepted to distinguish them from the Eastern Nations They had provided a Collation for us about three Miles from the Town where the greatest part of the Factory met and having drank His Majesty's Health marched in order two by two into Smyrna Smernoe Portus Lib III. Fig V Smyrna hath so many Advantages from its natural Situation SMYRNA that notwithstanding the great Calamities which have befallen it by War and most prodigious Earthquakes that no less than six times have overthrown and almost utterly ruined it yet it hath still been thought worth the repairing and restoring to all the Beauty the Art of its Inhabitants could contrive to adorn it with Notwithstanding also that from some old Tradition they expect the Seventh that shall be its utter Ruin never to be repaired It is situate at the bottom of a Bay esteemed twenty Miles to its Mouth secured with high Mountains on every side from all Winds but the West Whence from Sea they can receive no damage For the Hermus which emptieth it self into it maketh a Bank of Sand that barreth the raging of the Sea out yet leaves such a passage in although but narrow that he must be a very Ideot of a Pilot that cannot bring a Ship in safe into the inmost part of the Bay where he may find room and depth enough with very good Moorage This Bay hath Mount Sipylus North. Another Mountain which I judged to be the Mesogis mons mentioned by Ptolomy and Strabo North-East The Hills whereon the Town stands from East to South From thence to the Promontory Argennum winding about to the Western point Mons Mimas now called the Brothers from the two highest Points Here is indeed a little Gap being the mouth of the Bay but thence Hills begin to rise again to joyn to Mount Sipylus Of this Entrance I shall have occasion again to speak when I part hence But as to the rest these Mountains are not so uear
call the place about it Palaeo-Chori that is Old-Towm Having passed through the Olive-yards about a mile further we left an old Tower a little way to the left hand My Companion stepp'd to it and finding several Inscriptions upon Sepulchral Pillars he copied them and so we came at last to the end of the plain to the Sea-shore where Mount Corydalis running with its Western point a little into the Sea makes the Promontory Amphialia about six or seven miles from Athens Between this Promontory and Salamina is a Streight which is not a mile over in the narrowest part where we passed it over by a Ferry attending there for Passengers Salamis is now called Colouri and as our Consul esteems it is about fifty Miles in compass It hath a Harbour on the West-side eight Miles in length and three Miles broad in the largest space It is of an Ovael Figure and at the bottom of its Bay hath a Town of the same name with the present name of the Island viz. Colouri This Town at present consists of about an hundred and fifty poor Cottages and perhaps of four hundred Persons There are two other Villages in the Island the one situate upon a Hill on the South-side of the Harbour about five or six Miles off and in sight of Colouri and is called Metropis The other called Ambelachi is situated near the Streight towards Athens They consist of about thirty Houses apiece The antient City Salamis was by this last remov'd a little more to the Sea-side where it had a little Harbour in which at this day appear many antient Foundations under Water of carved Stone and according to the appearance of Ruins all thereabouts the City ought to have been near four Miles about Near the Ruins of an antient Temple we found these Lines on a black Marble Stone which hath the antient name ΣΑΛΑΜΙÎΑ Salamis engraven on it ÎΙΚΟΚΛΗΣ ΗΓΗΣΙΠΠΟΥ ΑΠΑΓΥΡΑΣΙΟΣ ΕΙΚΟÎΑ ΤΗΠΔΕ ΑÎΕΘΗΚΕΠÎΙ ..... ΜΩΠΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΕΑΥΤΟΥ ΑΘΑÎΑΤΟΙΣΙ ΘΕΟΙΣ ΚΟΣΜΩΠΙΕΡΑΠΣΑΛΑΜΙÎΑ That is Nicocles Son of Hegesippus of Anagyra NI .... Perhaps Nicocles erected this Statue of his Father to the Immortal Gods adorning holy Salamis This Island was the Kingdom of Valiant Ajax and this was the chief City of it Ajax was then so powerful as Homer testifies that he furnished a dozen Sail of Ships to joyn with the rest of the Navy of Greece in the Trojan War This Island in after-times was much contended for between the Athenians and Megarians but to whom soever of right it belonged the Megarians were forced to submit to and acquiesce quiesce in the Conquest of it by their more powerful Neighbours the Athenians We saw and copied several other Inscriptions and a little Basso-relievo I found masoned in the Wall of an old Church which I prevailed with the Pappa to remove and is one of the three I described at Athens Salamis hath many high Rocks and Cliffs but withal several fruitful Valleys running between them which bear good store of Wheat and Barley Of the Pine-trees on the Hills they make good store of Pitch and of the Lentiscus Wood growing there in good plenty they make Soap-ashes So that with these Commodities and their Fishing the Inhabitants make shift to get a poor Living Athens being their Market for all Above the Village Colouri PLANTS at SALAMIS or COLOURI is a high cragged Rock upon which among other Plants I gathered a kind of Medica which creepeth on the Ground and is beset with Leaves growing close to the Stalk something like Kidney-Vetches every Stalk being set with them three four five and sometimes six upon a Stalk covered with a Silver Hoariness The Flowers follow in little Tufts of five or fix golden-colour'd Blossoms these are succeeded by crooked flat Cods like a Half-Moon and not much unlike to Gerard's Trifolium lunatâ siliquâ pag. 1217. It agreeth well enough with his Description but not with his Figure for the Leaves of this are not snipped at the Edges as his Monsieur Merchant called it Auricula muris Camerarii There is another somewhat like to this but the Leaves of it are shorter and broader than the other The â—â—â—wers grow five or six together close to a creeping Stalk each followed with a large Husk swelled like a Bladder of a shining Silver-colour which when the Blossom is past swells bigger but what Cod it makes I saw not I gathered there also in the Fields a little kind of Iris or Flag bearing a pretty white Flower about a handful high from the Ground and the Leaves no broader nor longer than the ordinary Grass About Salamis we observed several other little Islands LIPSOCATALIA as between the Streight and Porto-Lione a desart one called now Lipsocatalia but by Strâbo Psytalia Beyond the Streight towards Eleusis are two other little Rocks or Islands close together the one called Megala Kira and the other Micra Kira On one of these it was called antiently also Kera that Xerxes built a Silver Throne to sit and see the Battle fought between his and the Grecian Fleet the Issue whereof was That the Greeks handled his great and numerous Navy so that in the end he hardly escaped himself in a small Boat We contented our selves with the sight of the rest of the Islands in the Saronick Gulph by viewing them from the Attick Shore But our good Friend the Consul who had often visited them gave us also a more particular Account of them by the help of which and our own Observation we are enabled to give a more exact Account of it than any hath been yet published which I think very proper to insert in this Place because the whole Saronick Gulph is so frequently mentioned in antient History This Gulph is contained within the Promontory Sunium now called Capo Colonni on the Attick Shore and Schillaeum now Capo Skillo on the Morean of Peloponnesian Shore which I suppose to be about two or three and twenty Miles distant from each other by the Observations I have made as well upon Mount Hymettus as the Promontory Sunium and by the same Proportion from the Entrance to the bottom of the Gulph to the Isthmus is about fifty five Miles There are many little Islands in this Gulph but the principal are Aegina Colouri and Porus and these only are inhabited They had in times past a Veivode and Caddi common to them all But of late they have thought good to make an Agreement with the Captain Basha and to pay him yearly seven hundred eighty five Dollers for all their Duties By which means they are left to themselves and might grow Rich again did not the Corsairs haunt them so much For they have Ground enough to cultivate for so few Inhabitants Aegina is now the chief Island AEGINA and giveth Name at present to the whole Gulph as the River Saron did in times past It continues its antient Name still among the Greeks although our Seamen corruptly Tcall it
after that also bearing the Decree of the Senate and People honouring Demetrius Son of Praxion and I believe the Statues of each of those Men were placed upon each of these Inscriptions Thence we went down by the Streight-way to the Port where on a Rock by the Sea-side are the Remains of Old Walls I believe of some Fortress belonging to the antient City Nicaea which in all probability stood there And was built by Nisus one of the four Sons of Pandion who at his Death divided his Kingdom of Attica into four parts and gave Megaris to Nisus About it below are the Remains of a dozen little old Churches and therefore they call the Place Dodeca-Ecclesia the Twelve Churches But now there is not so much as one Church entire or dwelling House no People nor no Priest This was the Port-Town of the Megarians of which the two Rocks which make the Harbour were antiently called Minoa Being return'd to Megara we took our Horses and went about three or four Miles Northward to a ruined Town they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Old Town where we found six or seven old Churches built as I conceive out of the Ruins of some more antient Edifices and in them some antient Inscriptions Q. CORTIO SALASSI L. POTHINO EX TESTAMENTO ARBITRATV THEOPHRASTI ET .......... ANCELI L. One in Latine in memory of Quintus Curtius of Salassi a City of Gallia Cisalpina or Piemont as Ferrarius hath it What Quintus Curtius this was I shall not take upon me to determine Η ΒΟΥΛΗ ÎΕΙΚΙΑΠΕΡΜΕΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΑÎΤΑ ΑΡΕΤΗϹ ΧΑΡΙΠThere is another Inscription to the Memory of Nicias the Son of Hermius who as Pliny testifies L. 7. c. 16. was the first that invented the Trade of Fulling The Stone shews that he governed there I believe this Town was the antient Rhus mentioned by Pausanias I observed much Mandragora or Mandrakes growing in this Plain it being then in Flower and of a Purple or Violet colour 2. Keratia in great plenty of which before Lib. VI. Astragali Species 3. A kind of Astragalus which Monsieur Merchant calleth Astragalus argentens and doubts whether it be not Astragalus Syriacus It was not then in its full growth but hath a Root running deep in the Ground The Leaves were set upon a long stem small and something like to that which is called Grecian Valerian but covered over with a shining white and hoary down Among the Leaves I perceived some Buds not blown but then of a light yellow colour which whether they change when blown I know not But their shape is like Bean-blossoms Next Morning GERANIA now PALAIOBOUNI before it was light we parted from Megara that we might if possible reach Corinth the same day For it is further from thence to Corinth than it is from Athens thither and the way worse For not a Mile from Megara we began to ascend the Mountain Palaio-vouni by the lower way For there are two the one over the top of the Mountain and the other along the side of it This hath a very deep precipice on the left hand unto the Sea and the Mountain a vast height above it and is worthily called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Bad Way For it is one of the worst I ever travell'd for narrowness raggedness and danger of falling down some a hundred Yards headlong into the Sea which the least stumble of our Horses might easily effect This way in antient times was famous for the Robber Sciron who from thence threw head-long into the Sea all such as he had robbed until Theseus came who was too hard for him and justly made him taste the same Punishment he so barbarously had inflicted upon others throwing him into the Sea from a rocky Precipice Whence it was antiently called Scironides rupes or Scironiasaxa The Road is at this time little less infested with the Ambuscades of Corsairs than it was of old by that Thief Turks themselves dread and tremble to go this way when necessary occasions force them to it for fear of these People insomuch that one Turk happening to be on this Road at the time we passed by seeing us to be Francks and knowing the English Druggerman that went with us was glad to joyn himself to us and for greater security to pull off his Turbant and make a Girdle of it leaving only a red Skull-Cap upon his Head like a Greek This whole Mountain was called in old time Gerania because Megarus escaped thither in Deucalion's Flood being guided by the noise of Cranes called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as I have elsewhere proved It is a very high Mountain of which these high Cliffs are but upon the side a great way below the highest Point though they themselves are of a great height from the Sea As we passed along I observ'd the Wind to precipitate it self strangely down from the top of the Mountain WIND into the Sea some Blasts seeming to fall right down upon the Surface of the Water and there to be divided three or four several ways making the Waves to foam as it went Sometimes I saw the Water agitated for several Furlongs round about and in other parts smooth and calm at the same time for a considerable while together which was a Divertisement to us while we passed along that dangerous Road. Much time we spent in scrambling up and down these Precipices which done we continued along the Shore under the Mountain until we came to an antient Monument about mid-way from Megara to Corinth being raised up three or four Yards from the Ground and eight squard About it lay several large Planks of Marble some with Basso-relievd's upon them and some without One of which hath a Man walking on foot and a Horse passing by him the other way Another hath a Figure in a lying Posture but much defaced Not far from hence the antient Cromium ought to have been situated which was sometimes the Bounds between Attica and Peloponnesus But whether this was the Pedestal to the Pillar that King Theseus set up to be the Bounds between his Athenians and the Peloponnesians I dare not say but rather think it was some Octogone Temple For the Pillar should be further within the Isthmus where the Isthmian Games were celebrated It may well enough be that Temple of Apollo and Latona which Pausanias speaks of and placeth hereabouts From this antient Monument the plain Ground beginneth to enlarge it self between the Mountain Palaio-vouni and the Saronick Shoar although the Mountain and plain Ground considered together rather begins to grow narrow towards the narrowest Place of the Isthmus It makes as much cultivable Ground as the Plain of Megara but it is utterly neglected and uninhabited for fear of the Corsairs This was that Spot of Ground so much disputed for between the Athenians and Peloponnesians and afterwards by the Megarians and those of Corinth Lauribegius calls it Smedis regio and Heromelium ONEIUS Mons.