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have_v often_o admire_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o some_o plant_n will_v not_o come_v to_o their_o perfection_n unless_o they_o stand_v on_o dung_n or_o that_o which_o will_v give_v a_o great_a heat_n which_o will_v kill_v the_o seed_n of_o several_a other_o do_v they_o but_o stand_v there_o one_o day_n but_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n that_o such_o plant_n desire_v it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v make_v for_o hot_a country_n and_o therefore_o if_o we_o will_v have_v they_o to_o come_v to_o maturity_n in_o our_o cold_a one_o we_o must_v give_v they_o warm_a lodging_n especial_o in_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v too_o cold_a with_o we_o for_o they_o but_o what_o be_v it_o then_o that_o plant_n do_v feed_v on_o but_o then_o to_o consider_v well_o this_o why_o the_o heat_n of_o grass_n or_o green_a weed_n shall_v bring_v they_o forward_o as_o well_o as_o dung_n of_o horse_n provide_v you_o can_v keep_v it_o but_o as_o temperate_a for_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v too_o hot_a and_o as_o long_o last_v for_o it_o will_v not_o keep_v its_o heat_n long_o where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n and_o mercury_n or_o spirit_n in_o the_o dung_n more_o than_o in_o the_o grass_n to_o feed_v these_o plant_n also_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o if_o you_o take_v rich_a mould_n half_a or_o more_o of_o it_o rot_a dung_n and_o cover_v one_o end_n of_o your_o bed_n with_o the_o other_o end_n cover_v the_o same_o thickness_n with_o poor_a hungry_a mould_n provide_v you_o make_v it_o fine_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o this_o last_o shall_v do_v as_o well_o and_o many_o time_n better_a for_o any_o seed_n on_o a_o hot_a bed_n than_o the_o rich_a mould_n where_o be_v then_o the_o salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n more_o than_o in_o the_o hungry_a as_o most_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o rich_a the_o mould_n the_o more_o of_o they_o and_o that_o all_o plant_n draw_v their_o nourishment_n from_o these_o matter_n when_o i_o know_v that_o the_o seed_n most_o we_o sow_v on_o hot_a bed_n can_v well_o digest_v that_o matter_n in_o the_o rich_a mould_n if_o it_o be_v there_o more_o than_o in_o the_o poor_a and_o come_v on_o much_o forward_a in_o these_o mould_v each_o if_o not_o on_o a_o hot-bed_n the_o rich_a mould_n will_v bring_v on_o plant_n much_o strong_a than_o the_o poor_a provide_v the_o seed_n be_v of_o such_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n pigeon_n dung_n sow_v thin_a upon_o cold_a land_n and_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v very_o good_a for_o barley_n but_o if_o sow_v late_o and_o on_o dry_a hot_a ground_n it_o will_v then_o do_v more_o harm_n than_o
good_a for_o it_o will_v burn_v up_o your_o seed_n or_o plant_n this_o dung_n be_v too_o hot_a and_o quick_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o pigeon_n to_o eat_v salt_n and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o seaside_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o there_o to_o pick_v up_o salt_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v by_o dry_v up_o the_o salt_n water_n and_o then_o leave_v the_o salt_n upon_o the_o sand_n now_o this_o fowl_n feed_v so_o much_o upon_o salt_n the_o dung_n of_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o salt_a than_o any_o fowl_n i_o know_v now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v good_a for_o cold_a land_n and_o withal_o to_o sow_v it_o early_o be_v these_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n that_o the_o dryer_n and_o hot_a it_o be_v keep_v the_o more_o it_o keep_v its_o own_o body_n and_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o cold_a and_o moist_a place_n it_o than_o dissolve_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o water_n and_o when_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o this_o element_n of_o water_n then_o be_v it_o fit_a for_o the_o nourish_a and_o feed_v of_o seed_n especial_o annual_n for_o they_o be_v always_o prepare_v to_o set_v forward_o in_o their_o journey_n provide_v they_o meet_v but_o with_o suitable_a entertainment_n but_o the_o seed_n of_o most_o forrest-tree_n they_o will_v stay_v the_o time_n that_o their_o and_o our_o great_a god_n have_v allot_v they_o but_o then_o why_o salt_n shall_v be_v a_o feeder_n of_o plant_n or_o seed_n i_o take_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v this_o namely_o salt-water_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v of_o salt_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o in_o meet_a place_n that_o will_v turn_v it_o into_o water_n i_o have_v oft_o observe_v that_o salt_n if_o fall_v upon_o a_o board_n or_o other_o place_n it_o will_v be_v long_o a_o dry_n and_o if_o heat_v have_v make_v it_o dry_a than_o dew_n or_o rain_n make_v it_o moist_a again_o than_o it_o steam_v forth_o and_o that_o it_o be_v which_o nourish_v all_o plant_n when_o if_o on_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a ground_n and_o late_o in_o the_o spring_n if_o dry_a weather_n come_v than_o it_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v yield_v its_o steam_n or_o fume_n as_o paracelsus_n in_o his_o philosophy_n to_o the_o athenian_n lib._n 3._o p._n 57_o say_v every_o body_n or_o tangible_a substance_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o curdle_a fume_n whence_o say_v he_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifold_a coagulation_n one_o of_o wood_n another_o of_o stone_n a_o three_o of_o metal_n but_o the_o body_n be_v nothing_o but_o fume_v smoke_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n or_o matrix_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v so_o that_o which_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o fume_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o moisture_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v various_a and_o send_v forth_o several_a fume_n for_o herb_n tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o do_v remember_v when_o i_o be_v a_o boy_n about_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n the_o sea_n break_v a_o bank_n into_o a_o marsh_n of_o my_o father_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o do_v overflow_v that_o marsh_n and_o some_o other_o with_o salt_n sea-water_n the_o next_o summer_n prove_v dry_a all_o our_o grass_n be_v clear_o burn_v up_o so_o that_o i_o be_v very_o much_o concern_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n think_v that_o all_o our_o grass_n have_v be_v quite_o kill_v and_o indeed_o so_o it_o appear_v the_o next_o summer_n prove_v wet_a so_o that_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n we_o have_v some_o grass_n again_o and_o the_o three_o summer_n we_o have_v grass_n enough_o but_o the_o four_o and_o many_o after_o in_o abundance_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v the_o ground_n be_v stupefy_v with_o too_o much_o kindness_n at_o first_o but_o after_o the_o rain_n have_v allay_v the_o too_o much_o strength_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n than_o the_o grass_n can_v well_o digest_v the_o gentle_a fume_v i_o will_v have_v those_o that_o lay_v salt_n on_o their_o gravel-walks_a to_o kill_v their_o weed_n observe_v if_o in_o a_o few_o year_n more_o they_o do_v not_o produce_v more_o weed_n than_o some_o other_o that_o have_v not_o salt_n lay_v on_o they_o at_o all_o sea-sand_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o ground_n especial_o for_o stiff_a ground_n for_o there_o it_o do_v the_o too_o main_a part_n to_o plant_n or_o any_o seed_n or_o tree_n that_o be_v it_o make_v way_n for_o the_o tree_n or_o seed_n to_o root_v in_o stiff_a ground_n and_o make_v a_o fume_v to_o feed_v it_o but_o this_o be_v too_o nimble_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n unless_o a_o very_a little_a observe_v the_o reason_n before_o mault-dust_n be_v a_o most_o excellent_a compost_n in_o a_o small_a quantity_n for_o many_o sort_n of_o annual_a seed_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o try_v with_o good_a success_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v still_o the_o same_o for_o this_o be_v a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o barley_n and_o be_v very_o dry_a drink_v in_o the_o element_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o first_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o a_o learned_a author_n have_v it_o in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o mineral_n p._n 44_o so_o wonderful_o have_v god_n create_v water_n the_o first_o matter_n of_o nature_n which_o though_o it_o be_v so_o tender_a and_o feeble_a a_o substance_n yet_o from_o thence_o be_v create_v the_o most_o solid_a and_o durable_a fruit_n that_o be_v from_o the_o fume_n of_o a_o oily_a earthy_a water_n be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o plant_n the_o part_n of_o the_o dust_n be_v thus_o fill_v upon_o the_o sun_n attract_v that_o and_o the_o plant_n the_o root_n embrace_v this_o fume_v this_o little_a root_n it_o have_v not_o life_n to_o grow_v turn_v to_o earth_n and_o its_o grave_n be_v a_o room_n to_o lead_v the_o root_n of_o another_o plant_n in_o it_o will_v give_v good_a entertainment_n to_o its_o own_o kind_a thus_o you_o see_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o another_o a_o little_a of_o this_o be_v good_a for_o some_o seed_n of_o forrest-tree_n but_o sow_v it_o not_o too_o thick_a for_o any_o thing_n lest_o it_o mould_n or_o turn_v musty_a note_v that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a for_o the_o root_n to_o be_v in_o when_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n be_v grow_v be_v the_o place_n that_o bring_v it_o soon_o to_o destruction_n when_o dead_a and_o contrary_a for_o a_o tree_n can_v live_v in_o water_n or_o always_o dry_a and_o those_o preserve_v the_o timber_n long_o when_o the_o tree_n be_v dead_a this_o may_v be_v further_o improve_v by_o ingenuity_n note_v also_o that_o the_o place_n which_o be_v best_a to_o keep_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a for_o a_o tree_n or_o plant_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o contrary_a old_a rag_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n as_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n by_o the_o industrious_a farmer_n cut_v into_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o good_a compost_n for_o their_o ground_n they_o draw_v the_o dew_n and_o rain_n to_o they_o and_o keep_v it_o till_o sol_n presence_n make_v it_o fit_a for_o the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n i_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v best_a for_o a_o pure_a dry_a soil_n because_o they_o hold_v their_o moisture_n long_o and_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v a_o soil_n that_o be_v last_v for_o wool_n will_v not_o rot_v with_o wet_a sudden_o a_o little_a of_o this_o for_o the_o tree_n or_o seed_n on_o a_o dry_a ground_n will_v do_v good_a to_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n for_o annual_n better_o conny-clippings_a be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o i_o do_v suppose_v they_o will_v not_o last_v so_o long_o and_o be_v better_o for_o a_o stiff_a ground_n sawdust_n if_o well_o rot_v and_o of_o soft_a wood_n be_v very_o grateful_a to_o the_o tender_a root_n or_o seed_n of_o any_o sort_n it_o be_v good_a for_o dry_a ground_n for_o it_o hold_v water_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n very_o well_o and_o be_v as_o good_a as_o most_o preparer_n be_v rotten-dust_n out_o of_o hollow_a tree_n especial_o those_o of_o soft_a wood_n be_v a_o rich_a leader_n of_o tender_a young_a root_n the_o reason_n be_v show_v before_o soot_n be_v good_a to_o kill_v moss_n for_o its_o heat_n kill_v the_o root_n for_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o good_a also_o to_o keep_v worm_n from_o do_v harm_n to_o your_o seed_n sea-coal_n ash_n be_v very_o good_a in_o cold_a stiff_a ground_n either_o for_o tree_n or_o any_o other_o plant_n to_o make_v that_o ground_n work_v well_o and_o to_o keep_v it_o hollow_a for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o etc._n etc._n rubbish_n of_o building_n that_o
and_o chap._n 6._o which_o teach_v how_o to_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o cut_n remember_v to_o keep_v they_o well_o fence_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-shoots_a which_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o put_v out_o below_o the_o head_n and_o thin_a the_o head_n as_o you_o see_v it_o convenient_a leave_v not_o above_o six_o or_o eight_o for_o arm_n so_o do_v will_v make_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n swell_v and_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o as_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n of_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o inquire_v after_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o not_o to_o describe_v they_o and_o if_o you_o know_v how_o to_o raise_v some_o you_o may_v then_o soon_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v they_o all_o but_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n more_o which_o be_v call_v the_o smell_a willow_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o shoot_v a_o great_a shoot_n bear_v fine_a broad_a shine_a green_a leave_n and_o will_v grow_v on_o most_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o too_o dry_a it_o bear_v a_o sweet_a beautiful_a flower_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v set_v in_o orchard_n you_o that_o have_v river_n run_v by_o your_o orchard_n plant_v some_o of_o this_o if_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a and_o pretty_a good_a it_o will_v grow_v mighty_o and_o yield_v ornament_n and_o profit_n it_o be_v easy_o increase_v of_o cut_n which_o if_o set_v as_o be_v show_v in_o chap._n 6._o will_v grow_v every_o one_o only_a mind_n if_o your_o ground_n have_v a_o dry_a bottom_n than_o set_v they_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o wall_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o smell_n the_o industrious_a bee_n love_v it_o much_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o increase_v as_o any_o sallow_a and_o bear_v as_o good_a a_o lop_n then_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o as_o common_a from_o one_o small_a plant_n i_o have_v raise_v some_o hundred_o and_o have_v set_v several_a in_o our_o wood-walks_a at_o cashiobury_n where_o they_o grow_v well_o notwithstanding_o our_o dry_a ground_n but_o they_o be_v root_v before_o i_o set_v they_o there_o i_o commend_v the_o like_a husbandry_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o plant_v and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o that_o busy_a martial_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v a_o early_a relief_n to_o they_o it_o may_v also_o be_v very_o plentiful_o increase_v by_o lay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o cover_v with_o ground_n it_o will_v root_n of_o sallow_n there_o be_v three_o common_a sort_n all_o of_o they_o love_v a_o moist_a ground_n but_o that_o with_o the_o round_a leaf_n will_v grow_v on_o bank_n as_o in_o hedge_n for_o if_o you_o set_v they_o for_o stake_n they_o will_v take_v root_n and_o though_o they_o be_v no_o very_o good_a fence_n yet_o they_o will_v yield_v good_a profit_n the_o two_o other_o grow_v best_a on_o moorish_a ground_n and_o there_o will_v yield_v great_a shoot_n they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n much_o and_o may_v be_v increase_v well_o by_o lay_v both_o which_o way_n you_o may_v thicken_v your_o wood_n very_o much_o but_o than_o you_o must_v keep_v out_o cattle_n especial_o all_o deer_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o above_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o seed_n as_o the_o elm_n be_v some_o year_n for_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o all_o year_n good_a with_o we_o no_o more_o be_v the_o elm_n and_o line_n i_o have_v raise_v many_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n in_o the_o downy_a substance_n but_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o increase_v by_o cut_n and_o lay_v that_o you_o need_v not_o trouble_v yourself_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v as_o profitable_a a_o wood_n for_o under-wood_n in_o wood_n as_o any_o you_o can_v set_v in_o they_o for_o fire_n produce_v strong_a and_o great_a shoot_n therefore_o where_o you_o stock_n up_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n set_v two_o or_o three_o sallow_a truncheon_n with_o some_o other_o wood_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o run_v as_o elm_n cherry_n abele_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o thin_a wood_n make_v a_o thick_a good_a wood_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v moorish_a and_o will_v not_o yield_v good_a grass_n then_o plant_v as_o be_v before_o show_v of_o the_o water-pople_a and_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o quick_a and_o great_a profit_n if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o large_o of_o these_o sallowe_n etc._n etc._n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n 19_o the_o chapt._n he_o tell_v you_o you_o may_v graft_v fig_n and_o mulberry_n on_o they_o and_o that_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o be_v true_a you_o may_v graft_v on_o they_o but_o you_o have_v best_o try_v the_o other_o for_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o pliny_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o forbear_v of_o oziers_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n and_o be_v all_o raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o sallow_a they_o love_v a_o moist_a and_o more_o moorish_a ground_n than_o the_o sallow_a or_o willow_n the_o basket-maker_n know_v best_a the_o time_n to_o fell_v they_o which_o may_v be_v do_v any_o time_n in_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n and_o thus_o i_o shall_v conclude_v of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n only_o let_v i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o have_v moorish_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o yield_v little_a profit_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o sure_a direction_n and_o i_o do_v engage_v you_o a_o great_a and_o certain_a profit_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n these_o stately_a tree_n want_v more_o respect_n with_o we_o than_o they_o have_v and_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o make_v it_o so_o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o that_o be_v they_o miss_v the_o right_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v they_o plant_v they_o when_o other_o tree_n be_v plant_v as_o from_o november_n to_o march_v which_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a 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the_o good_a effect_n of_o a_o light_a brick-earth_n upon_o gravel_n i_o can_v also_o tell_v the_o same_o of_o a_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n small_a gravel_n upon_o your_o clay_n or_o stiff_a ground_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o i_o have_v inform_v your_o judgement_n so_o much_o that_o you_o will_v reasonable_o conclude_v with_o i_o that_o the_o prepare_v of_o ground_n for_o tree_n be_v only_o to_o mix_v ground_n so_o together_o that_o there_o may_v be_v convenient_a room_n for_o the_o root_n to_o search_v for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o to_o humour_v the_o tree_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o natural_a ground_n which_o each_o tree_n delight_v to_o grow_v in_o i_o know_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o stiff_a clay_n then_o to_o trench_v and_o mix_v it_o with_o fat_a sand_n drift-sand_n lime_n rubbish_n or_o chalk_n and_o lime_n be_v great_a help_n to_o such_o ground_n either_o for_o tree_n or_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o more_o last_a than_o dung_n and_o for_o forrest-tree_n full_a as_o good_a as_o dung_n for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o give_v leave_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o take_v away_o that_o over-moistness_a in_o the_o cold_a stiff_a ground_n which_o hinder_v conception_n by_o let_v the_o water_n down_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o keep_v it_o from_o crack_v and_o so_o nourish_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o keep_v it_o from_o spend_v it_o too_o hasty_o horse-dung_n be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o hot_a bed_n with_o for_o such_o plant_n as_o be_v common_o raise_v of_o they_o be_v annual_a plant_n but_o it_o be_v too_o hasty_a for_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n unless_o it_o be_v rot_v and_o well_o mix_v with_o natural_a mould_n it_o be_v best_a for_o your_o stiff_a cold_a land_n and_o if_o you_o lay_v it_o upon_o plough_v ground_n which_o it_o be_v best_o for_o then_o plough_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o if_o it_o lie_v there_o to_o dry_v there_o will_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o oily_a substance_n which_o make_v the_o fume_n for_o nourishment_n of_o plant_n be_v exhale_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n let_v no_o sort_n of_o dung_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o ground_n unplowedin_fw-fr but_o plough_n or_o dig_v it_o in_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o by_o lie_v so_o it_o do_v not_o only_o lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o its_o goodness_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o if_o it_o lie_v thin_a but_o where_o your_o dunghill_n lie_v every_o shower_n will_v wash_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o dung_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o if_o you_o take_v the_o dung_n off_o from_o that_o place_n as_o clean_o as_o you_o can_v yet_o you_o shall_v have_v that_o place_n bear_v rank_a corn_n than_o where_o you_o think_v the_o dung_n have_v lie_v much_o thick_a if_o it_o lie_v long_o in_o a_o place_n the_o observation_n of_o this_o teach_v i_o many_o good_a uses_n as_o first_o to_o lay_v dung_n about_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n 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the_o weak_a your_o ground_n make_v your_o water_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n in_o farmer_n yard_n a_o water_n that_o wash_v from_o their_o dunghill_n a_o load_n of_o which_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o a_o load_n of_o dung_n yet_o by_o they_o total_o neglect_v but_o of_o water_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n thus_o have_v hint_v of_o these_o two_o useful_a and_o common_a dung_n cow_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o example_n of_o these_o line-tree_n only_o observe_v this_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v horse-dung_n be_v best_a for_o plant_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o digestion_n and_o growth_n
plant_n have_v salt_n sulphur_n mercury_n and_o spirit_n in_o they_o some_o more_o than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o that_o they_o feed_v on_o these_o be_v not_o certain_a to_o i_o but_o it_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o fume_v steam_n or_o more_o proper_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o feed_v on_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o vast_a many_o production_n of_o plant_n and_o infect_v which_o be_v produce_v every_o year_n and_o from_o no_o seed_n or_o sperm_n but_o according_a to_o the_o fit_a matrix_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star-fire_n and_o virgin_n mercury_n their_o dame_n nature_n be_v then_o busy_a to_o make_v some_o plant_n or_o insect_n according_a as_o she_o have_v provide_v a_o breast_n to_o suckle_v and_o feed_v they_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o but_o only_o a_o lodging-place_n and_o simple_a water_n be_v only_o its_o garment_n for_o simple_a crude_a water_n 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then_o i_o set_v it_o under_o a_o south_n wall_n where_o it_o stand_v till_o that_o month_n be_v out_o and_o then_o i_o set_v it_o in_o the_o shade_n from_o the_o meridian_n sun_n there_o it_o stand_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o august_n and_o then_o find_v my_o plant_n full_a of_o seed_n and_o at_o a_o stand_n i_o then_o cut_v up_o the_o purslain_a close_o to_o the_o ground_n at_o noontime_n when_o it_o be_v very_o dry_a and_o weigh_v the_o purslain_a as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v and_o it_o weigh_v just_a six_o pound_n two_o ounce_n then_o i_o take_v the_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o south_n window_n in_o a_o banquet_a house_n to_o dry_a turn_v the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v out_o some_o of_o the_o moisture_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v wet_a for_o i_o have_v keep_v this_o pot_n with_o water_v all_o the_o summer_n as_o occasion_v serve_v then_o i_o take_v this_o pot_n of_o earth_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o little_a room_n to_o dry_v the_o earth_n as_o i_o do_v before_o and_o put_v some_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o a_o box_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o pot_n i_o make_v it_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v or_o at_o least_o as_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o sow_v my_o seed_n in_o it_o and_o then_o put_v all_o my_o earth_n into_o the_o pot_n again_o i_o weigh_v it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o and_o then_o the_o pot_n and_o the_o earth_n weight_v just_o eighteen_o pound_n and_o seven_o ounce_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v the_o root_n of_o the_o purslain_a but_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v i_o do_v believe_v they_o do_v not_o weigh_v one_o ounce_n and_o this_o one_o ounce_n that_o it_o lose_v of_o weight_n may_v be_v earth_n dash_v over_o with_o ra_n now_o these_o plant_n weigh_v so_o much_o and_o the_o earth_n waste_v or_o decrease_v in_o its_o weight_n so_o little_a do_v plain_o show_v that_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v only_o on_o earth_n for_o i_o do_v believe_v this_o that_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v waste_v be_v dash_v out_o of_o the_o pot_n by_o hasty_a water_v and_o by_o sudden_a shower_n of_o rain_n or_o perchance_o some_o may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o pot_n with_o the_o water_n now_o though_o plant_n do_v not_o feed_v on_o earth_n yet_o earth_n be_v the_o nurse_n and_o receptacle_n of_o most_o thing_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v spungy_a and_o porous_a fit_a to_o receive_v the_o several_a influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o heat_n rains_n and_o dew_n and_o store_v they_o up_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o her_o product_n and_o when_o the_o seed_n or_o plant_n desire_v it_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o the_o celestial_a heat_n the_o earth_n free_o give_v out_o of_o her_o store_n according_a as_o the_o plant_n can_v dispose_v of_o it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o plant_n to_o feed_v on_o this_o spirit_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o many_o time_n nature_n make_v some_o which_o do_v for_o the_o earth_n will_v produce_v several_a plant_n of_o its_o self_n without_o seed_n or_o root_n but_o they_o be_v plant_n of_o no_o long_a last_a and_o when_o they_o die_v they_o then_o turn_v to_o air_n and_o spirit_n as_o all_o thing_n do_v for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a stay_n for_o all_o thing_n have_v their_o time_n of_o increase_v and_o their_o time_n of_o decay_a till_o they_o be_v turn_v to_o that_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v no_o man_n can_v see_v tree_n grow_v yet_o all_o man_n know_v that_o they_o do_v it_o be_v plain_a to_o see_v when_o a_o tree_n be_v decay_v yet_o to_o know_v how_o long_o it_o will_v be_v before_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o decay_v turn_v to_o earth_n or_o dust_n be_v hard_o to_o know_v though_o it_o be_v report_a that_o a_o oak_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n a_o grow_a a_o hundred_o year_n stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o a_o hundred_o year_n decay_v yet_o this_o be_v very_o erroneous_a for_o on_o shallow_a ground_n a_o oak_n will_v not_o grow_v so_o long_o and_o on_o deep_a ground_n much_o long_o and_o neither_o it_o nor_o any_o thing_n else_o stand_v at_o a_o stay_n but_o when_o it_o do_v begin_v to_o decay_v it_o keep_v on_o according_a as_o it_o meet_v with_o accident_n till_o it_o come_v to_o dust_n thus_o have_v i_o guess_v but_o whether_o right_a or_o no_o the_o critic_n lash_v i_o be_o sure_a to_o undergo_v i_o to_o th'ingen'ous_a practiser_n direct_v these_o line_n which_o hope_v with_o he_o to_o gain_v respect_n for_o learned_a man_n ofttimes_o mistake_v be_v when_o fool_n as_o oft_o guess_v right_a though_o unaware_o chap._n ix_o of_o water_n for_o tree_n and_o seed_n and_o water_v they_o i_o have_v oft_o observe_v your_o cistern_n and_o other_o place_n that_o be_v only_o fill_v with_o rain-water_n that_o that_o water_n will_v in_o a_o summer_n time_n produce_v several_a sort_n of_o infect_v and_o some_o sort_n of_o water-plant_n and_o also_o that_o it_o will_v leave_v a_o green_a slime_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o plant_n which_o substance_n or_o slime_n as_o i_o term_v it_o will_v certain_o be_v spend_v into_o plant_n be_v there_o but_o some_o quantity_n of_o aquatic_a plant_n put_v into_o this_o water_n such_o as_o mint_n of_o any_o sort_n yellow_a water-flagge_n flower-de-luce_n crabs-claw_n or_o water_n sen-green_a brook-lime_n ducks-meat_n etc._n etc._n i_o once_o make_v a_o experiment_n to_o try_v this_o which_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v i_o take_v two_o water-pot_n and_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o water_n out_o of_o a_o fountain_n which_o have_v be_v fill_v by_o snow_n and_o rain_n the_o winter_n before_o and_o
which_o be_v make_v clean_o the_o michaelmas_n before_o i_o set_v these_o two_o pot_n thus_o fill_v in_o the_o open_a air_n but_o in_o the_o shade_n and_o put_v into_o one_o of_o they_o a_o good_a handful_n of_o mint_n the_o runner_n which_o i_o put_v in_o the_o first_o of_o march_n 1664._o where_o i_o let_v they_o continue_v till_o the_o first_o of_o april_n next_o and_o then_o put_v in_o a_o fresh_a handful_n and_o let_v that_o continue_v for_o one_o month_n more_o and_o so_o i_o do_v both_o may_n and_o june_n i_o pour_v out_o this_o water_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n to_o observe_v which_o of_o those_o pot_n have_v the_o most_o of_o this_o slime_n whereupon_o i_o find_v that_o pot_n that_o have_v no_o mint_n put_v into_o it_o have_v twice_o as_o much_o and_o be_v force_v too_o to_o fill_v up_o that_o pot_n that_o have_v the_o mint_n with_o the_o same_o water_n often_o and_o that_o pot_n that_o have_v no_o herb_n in_o it_o the_o slime_n of_o it_o be_v green_a the_o other_o pot_n settlement_n that_o be_v in_o it_o be_v black_a and_o of_o a_o earthy_a colour_n i_o do_v intend_v to_o have_v prosecute_v this_o further_a as_o to_o have_v fill_v two_o pot_n of_o fresh_a earth_n and_o not_o too_o rich_a and_o to_o have_v sow_v in_o they_o several_a seed_n and_o to_o have_v keep_v they_o from_o all_o water_n but_o this_o and_o then_o to_o have_v note_v well_o the_o success_n with_o more_o like_a fancy_n which_o i_o think_v on_o but_o i_o be_v prohibit_v by_o one_o of_o the_o drone_n of_o this_o age_n and_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o i_o shall_v stay_v or_o not_o a_o stone_n lie_v in_o water_n get_v a_o kind_n of_o slime_n about_o it_o and_o if_o you_o put_v into_o water_n seed_n that_o be_v quick_a of_o growth_n as_o most_o of_o your_o annual_n be_v keep_v it_o but_o temperate_o hot_a and_o they_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n spear_n out_o and_o then_o if_o you_o put_v they_o into_o fine_a mould_n temperate_o moist_a and_o warm_a you_o may_v if_o 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make_v they_o bear_v soon_o and_o then_o you_o be_v certain_a of_o a_o good_a kind_a for_o i_o presume_v you_o will_v not_o bud_v they_o with_o a_o bad_a kind_a if_o you_o know_v it_o if_o you_o do_v not_o bud_v they_o let_v they_o head_n about_o six_o foot_n high_a a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o remove_v they_o but_o keep_v they_o not_o long_o in_o the_o open_a air_n for_o the_o root_n be_v of_o a_o spungy_a nature_n will_v take_v in_o the_o air_n so_o fast_o that_o they_o will_v soon_o mould_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n therefore_o set_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v when_o once_o take_v up_o remove_v they_o young_a off_o from_o the_o seed-bed_n as_o be_v before_o advise_v for_o if_o you_o let_v they_o stand_v to_o be_v great_a on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v first_o sow_v they_o will_v be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a to_o remove_v and_o not_o so_o likely_a to_o thrive_v the_o ground_n they_o love_v be_v a_o deep_a soil_n and_o of_o a_o dry_a nature_n on_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v shallow_a they_o will_v not_o prosper_v but_o if_o the_o gravel_n be_v mix_v with_o loom_n they_o will_v do_v well_o they_o love_v not_o a_o stiff_a clay_n but_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v natural_o with_o stone_n or_o chalk_n and_o not_o too_o shallow_a than_o they_o will_v thrive_v on_o it_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a tree_n to_o set_v in_o wood_n for_o it_o will_v run_v up_o if_o the_o side-bough_n be_v take_v off_o to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o yield_v very_o good_a timber_n for_o many_o use_v chap._n xv._n of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o chestnut_n touch_v the_o kind_n of_o this_o nut_n there_o may_v be_v several_a but_o i_o know_v but_o three_o one_o of_o they_o be_v very_o good_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o more_o increase_v for_o the_o time_n of_o gather_v observe_v the_o same_o as_o before_o be_v say_v of_o the_o walnut_n when_o you_o have_v gather_v they_o and_o take_v the_o husk_n off_o lay_v they_o to_o dry_a and_o sweat_n but_o not_o too_o thick_a do_v not_o steep_v they_o in_o water_n as_o some_o advise_v you_o for_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o steep_v any_o sort_n of_o seed_n unless_o some_o annual_n and_o to_o steep_v they_o be_v good_a especial_o if_o late_v in_o sow_v but_o to_o steep_a stone_n nut_n or_o seed_n that_o be_v not_o of_o quick_a growth_n water_v they_o may_v kill_v they_o by_o make_v the_o kernel_n swell_v too_o hasty_o and_o so_o crack_v it_o before_o the_o spear_n cause_v it_o or_o it_o may_v mould_n and_o stupefy_v the_o spear_n therefore_o let_v no_o seed_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v not_o quick_a of_o growth_n have_v too_o much_o wet_v at_o first_o you_o must_v put_v your_o chestnut_n then_o in_o sand_n a_o little_a moist_a about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o november_n make_v it_o a_o little_o moist_a about_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n and_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o beginning_n of_o february_n sow_v they_o on_o bed_n and_o cover_v they_o about_o two_o inch_n or_o you_o may_v set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n as_o you_o set_v bean_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o in_o drill_v as_o bean_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v stand_v and_o in_o any_o of_o these_o way_n or_o place_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n than_o you_o may_v remove_v they_o into_o your_o nursery_n off_o from_o the_o seed-bed_n prune_v off_o the_o side-bough_n and_o root_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o put_v forth_o many_o side-bough_n near_o the_o ground_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v increase_v by_o lay_v very_o easy_o to_o do_v which_o see_v chap._n 5._o but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o raise_v they_o of_o nut_n set_a they_o in_o row_v in_o your_o nursery_n and_o order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o walnut_n the_o soil_n they_o love_v be_v such_o as_o the_o walnut_n take_v delight_n to_o grow_v in_o they_o be_v excellent_a to_o set_v in_o coppice_n or_o wood_n the_o timber_n be_v very_o useful_a and_o they_o will_v grow_v to_o be_v large_a for_o under-wood_n if_o the_o tree_n be_v much_o crooked_a fall_v it_o it_o will_v yield_v great_a store_n of_o strong_a shoot_v from_o the_o stem_n some_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o lay_v whereof_o you_o may_v leave_v some_o lay_v to_o thicken_v the_o place_n and_o other_o to_o plant_v where_o you_o please_v and_o may_v have_v great_a shoot_v from_o the_o stem_n for_o several_a use_v also_o chap._n xvi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sarvice-tree_n as_o for_o the_o kind_n of_o the_o sarvice_n they_o may_v be_v many_o there_o be_v one_o who_o fruit_n be_v much_o better_a than_o the_o other_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o ground_n make_v it_o so_o i_o can_v positive_o say_v we_o have_v they_o grow_v at_o hadham_n on_o very_o stiff_a ground_n the_o tree_n bear_v well_o and_o the_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o at_o cashiobury_n we_o have_v they_o on_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n the_o fruit_n naught_o and_o the_o tree_n bear_v very_o bad_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n that_o be_v in_o the_o berry_n which_o when_o they_o be_v rot_v be_v then_o ripe_a that_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n or_o beginning_n of_o october_n eat_v off_o the_o fleshy_a part_n or_o rub_v it_o off_o by_o roll_v they_o in_o sand_n then_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o moist_a sand_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o january_n then_o sow_v they_o on_o moist_a ground_n or_o in_o the_o shade_n keep_v they_o from_o weed_n then_o let_v they_o stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o then_o
plant_v they_o in_o your_o nursery_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o walnut-tree_n there_o keep_v they_o with_o dig_v and_o prune_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a of_o stature_n to_o plant_v out_o they_o grow_v in_o good_a shape_n and_o last_v long_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n it_o like_v best_a a_o strong_a ground_n but_o let_v it_o be_v good_a and_o there_o they_o will_v bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n and_o grow_v to_o be_v large_a fine_a tree_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n by_o which_o they_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n but_o how_o to_o do_v that_o see_v chapt._n 7._o there_o you_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v how_o to_o raise_v they_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a bud_v they_o they_o will_v bear_v soon_o more_o and_o better_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n i_o know_v many_o will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o rank_v this_o among_o forrest-tree_n but_o if_o such_o do_v but_o see_v the_o fine_a stately_a tree_n that_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n they_o will_v then_o conclude_v it_o proper_a for_o wood_n and_o if_o for_o wood_n then_o for_o forest_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o glorious_a show_n in_o the_o spring_n their_o white_a blossom_n show_v at_o a_o distance_n as_o though_o they_o be_v clothe_v with_o fine_a white_a linen_n their_o blossom_n be_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o the_o industrious_a bee_n at_o that_o season_n the_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o order_v they_o be_v as_o follow_v and_o first_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o raise_v they_o be_v of_o stone_n let_v your_o cherry_n be_v very_o ripe_a for_o the_o ripe_a your_o cherry_n be_v or_o any_o other_o fruit_n the_o plump_a and_o better_a be_v the_o kernel_n the_o time_n they_o be_v ripe_a be_v according_a to_o the_o kind_n but_o it_o be_v the_o black_a cherry_n which_o grow_v common_a in_o wood_n and_o hedge_n about_o cashiobury_n which_o be_v the_o tree_n fit_v for_o wood_n and_o therefore_o how_o to_o raise_v it_o i_o shall_v show_v though_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o these_o also_o for_o we_o have_v some_o full_a as_o large_a and_o good_a as_o the_o corowne_n and_o at_o a_o place_n call_v red-heath_n at_o one_o mr._n baldwin_n they_o have_v some_o sort_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o black_a orleans_n which_o be_v produce_v natural_o from_o the_o stone_n without_o bud_a or_o graft_v or_o any_o other_o help_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o natural_a to_o they_o they_o be_v ripe_a in_o july_n and_o the_o large_a sort_n be_v ripe_a late_a the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n will_v give_v you_o notice_n of_o their_o time_n of_o be_v ripe_a by_o their_o visit_v they_o which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o messenger_n to_o awaken_v the_o industrious_a to_o take_v care_n in_o time_n to_o preserve_v they_o and_o to_o the_o careless_a man_n and_o sluggard_n to_o take_v that_o away_o from_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o take_v care_n of_o for_o as_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n say_v prov._n 20._o the_o sluggard_n will_v not_o plough_v by_o reason_n of_o cold_a therefore_o shall_v he_o beg_v in_o harvest_n so_o he_o that_o will_v not_o take_v care_n in_o time_n shall_v want_v when_o other_o have_v but_o we_o have_v such_o store_n that_o what_o the_o jackdaw_n jay_n mag-py_n etc._n etc._n eat_v they_o be_v not_o miss_v with_o we_o and_o though_o the_o fowl_n do_v begin_v to_o eat_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o turn_v blackish_a yet_o nature_n have_v tie_v they_o on_o so_o fast_o to_o the_o stalk_n that_o they_o can_v but_o take_v off_o part_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o leave_v the_o stone_n and_o rest_n to_o feed_v the_o kernel_n for_o the_o wonderful_a wise_a god_n have_v order_v most_o sort_n of_o fruit_n so_o that_o some_o by_o their_o bitter_a sour_a or_o other_o taste_v be_v so_o well_o defend_v 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strong_a shoot_n grow_v well_o almost_o of_o any_o ground_n and_o be_v very_o good_a firewood_n it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o love_v prune_v up_o well_o for_o it_o natural_o grow_v taper_n especial_o those_o which_o come_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o it_o shoot_v much_o and_o thrive_v apace_o in_o your_o nursery_n then_o leave_v some_o side-bough_n to_o check_v the_o sap_n lest_o by_o force_v it_o all_o into_o the_o head_n it_o shoot_v out_o so_o much_o there_o that_o it_o make_v the_o head_n too_o big_a for_o the_o body_n and_o so_o be_v top-heavy_a make_v the_o tree_n crooked_a now_o if_o ever_o you_o see_v your_o tree_n in_o such_o a_o condition_n then_o immediate_o cut_v off_o the_o lean_a side_n of_o the_o head_n which_o when_o it_o be_v lighten_v of_o its_o heaviness_n and_o have_v not_o long_o stand_v crooked_a it_o will_v then_o come_v straight_o again_o midsummer_n time_n be_v the_o time_n of_o this_o prune_n but_o do_v not_o force_v the_o sap_n too_o much_o into_o the_o head_n lest_o by_o high_a wind_n you_o have_v many_o of_o your_o head_n break_v off_o but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v speak_v before_o my_o ingenious_a lord_n be_v once_o too_o free_a in_o prune_v up_o a_o parcel_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o acquaint_v you_o with_o that_o you_o hereafter_o may_v avoid_v the_o like_a for_o the_o ground_n be_v fresh_a and_o good_a so_o that_o some_o by_o their_o great_a head_n lose_v they_o and_o some_o grow_v crooked_a but_o despair_v not_o for_o if_o you_o observe_v what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o to_o make_v a_o crooked_a tree_n straight_o you_o may_v easy_o bring_v they_o to_o be_v straight_o again_o for_o they_o natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v as_o straight_o as_o most_o tree_n do_v and_o if_o the_o head_n shall_v be_v break_v off_o as_o very_o seldom_o it_o be_v because_o the_o bark_n be_v so_o tough_a they_o will_v yet_o shoot_v with_o such_o a_o strong_a shoot_n that_o they_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v a_o fine_a tree_n again_o you_o may_v if_o occasion_n be_v transplant_v they_o pretty_a large_a as_o big_a as_o your_o leg_n but_o the_o sure_a size_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n high_a but_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v never_o remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v first_o sow_v then_o remove_v it_o the_o soon_o for_o if_o it_o be_v great_a there_o be_v the_o more_o danger_n in_o remove_v it_o and_o the_o top_v of_o the_o root_n when_o remove_v young_a make_v it_o break_v out_o near_a home_n with_o many_o young_a feed_a root_n like_o a_o maple_n therefore_o my_o advice_n to_o you_o that_o take_v delight_n to_o raise_v tree_n be_v to_o transplant_v any_o sort_n of_o tree_n while_o young_a and_o to_o top_v the_o root_n a_o very_a little_a they_o will_v be_v much_o the_o better_a and_o certain_a to_o grow_v when_o they_o be_v again_o remove_v and_o will_v come_v forward_o much_o the_o better_o they_o that_o take_v this_o advice_n will_v find_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o in_o tree_n which_o will_v the_o better_o encourage_v the_o practice_n of_o it_o they_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o on_o any_o sort_n of_o ground_n as_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v but_o they_o like_o best_a a_o feed_v loomy_a ground_n which_o be_v not_o too_o wet_a as_o be_v before_o say_v in_o chap._n 8._o where_o i_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o this_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n this_o be_v a_o tree_n i_o fancy_n for_o the_o aforesaid_a use_n before_o any_o tree_n we_o have_v in_o england_n though_o i_o know_v many_o do_v not_o love_v it_o that_o be_v planter_n because_o it_o be_v not_o good_a timber_n and_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o but_o
to_o vindicate_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o for_o walk_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o i_o do_v suppose_v with_o myself_o that_o whosoever_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o walk_n will_v not_o fell_v the_o timber-tree_n in_o a_o stately_a walk_n while_o the_o timber_n be_v in_o its_o prime_n for_o most_o tree_n will_v continue_v many_o year_n very_o ornamental_a after_o they_o be_v in_o their_o prime_n even_o while_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o no_o use_n but_o fire_n wood_n and_o why_o not_o the_o line_n then_o for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o any_o sort_n of_o timber_n tree_n 2._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o on_o different_a ground_n as_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v which_o be_v a_o considerable_a encouragement_n to_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n to_o see_v their_o labour_n prosper_v 3._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o great_a and_o as_o high_a if_o keep_v with_o prune_v up_o as_o most_o tree_n we_o have_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v borrow_v the_o word_n of_o the_o learned_a dr._n brown_n which_o he_o write_v to_o esquire_n evelyn_n as_o he_o have_v it_o in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n chap._n 29._o pag._n 82._o his_o word_n be_v these_o a_o extraordinary_a large_a and_o stately_a tilia_fw-la linden_n or_o linetree_n there_o grow_v at_o depenham_n in_o norfolk_n ten_o mile_n from_o norwich_n who_o measure_n be_v this_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o trunk_n or_o body_n about_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v at_o least_o eight_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a about_o the_o root_n nigh_o the_o earth_n sixteen_o yard_n in_o circuit_n the_o height_n to_o the_o uppermost_a bough_n about_o thirty_o yard_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o broad-leaved_n line_n which_o how_o great_a and_o stately_a they_o grow_v you_o may_v observe_v out_o of_o this_o wise_a and_o learned_a doctor_n discourse_n who_o commend_v this_o tree_n with_o the_o epithet_n of_o large_a and_o stately_a 4._o it_o will_v last_o sound_v long_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o its_o grow_n 5._o it_o be_v a_o tree_n will_v soon_o grow_v over_o the_o place_n where_o you_o cut_v off_o side_n bough_n and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o many_o 6._o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o natural_o grow_v taper_n and_o straight_o 7._o no_o tree_n keep_v such_o a_o constant_a pyramid-shape_n as_o this_o the_o head_n of_o other_o tree_n grow_v of_o several_a shape_n and_o form_n though_o all_o of_o one_o kind_a this_o keep_v its_o head_n as_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v and_o the_o body_n straight_o 8._o for_o shade_n few_o better_a have_v a_o thick_a head_n and_o large_a leave_n only_o it_o drop_v his_o leave_n too_o soon_o 9_o the_o bark_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v tough_a keep_v its_o head_n from_o break_v off_o by_o great_a wind_n 10._o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o as_o seldom_o blow_v aside_o as_o any_o tree_n whatsoever_o for_o its_o mat_a root_n and_o taper-body_n preserve_v he_o upright_o all_o his_o life-time_n 11._o the_o flower_n be_v beautiful_a the_o scent_n count_v healthful_a and_o break_v out_o strange_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o leave_n much_o different_a from_o other_o flower_n of_o tree_n or_o plant_n 12._o the_o shoot_v be_v of_o a_o fine_a red_a glossie_n colour_n be_v very_o please_v to_o behold_v in_o the_o winter-season_n 13._o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o seldom_o grow_v hollow_a in_o the_o body_n for_o it_o soon_o overgrow_v the_o wound_n and_o so_o keep_v himself_o sound_a both_o body_n and_o limb._n 14._o it_o be_v the_o best_a wood_n for_o carve_v that_o be_v know_v 15._o at_o last_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a his_o bark_n will_v make_v you_o mat_n and_o rope_n useful_a for_o several_a thing_n 16._o and_o last_o its_o wood_n be_v a_o good_a sweet_a free-burning_a firewood_n the_o charcoal_n make_v of_o it_o be_v commend_v before_o all_o other_o for_o gunpowder_n now_o put_v all_o these_o together_o and_o judge_v if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v they_o shape_v themselves_o fine_o set_v they_o two_o rod_n asunder_o if_o for_o a_o shady_a walk_n what_o distance_n you_o please_v i_o fancy_n that_o a_o single_a row_n to_o bound_v a_o lawn_n round_o set_v two_o or_o three_o rod_n asunder_o will_v be_v mighty_a oblige_v to_o the_o noble_a sense_n for_o than_o they_o will_v show_v themselves_o more_o clear_o than_o when_o set_v in_o double_a row_v to_o make_v walk_n or_o they_o will_v show_v mighty_a well_o set_v thin_a on_o the_o side-of_a a_o hill_n one_o top_v another_o with_o their_o curious_a natural_a shape_n and_o so_o adieu_o my_o belove_a line-tree_n if_o treat_v of_o the_o line_n i_o have_v write_v amiss_o i_o will_v thank_v you_o if_o you_o will_v show_v wherein_o it_o be_v but_o if_o you_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v well_o say_v nothing_o on_o it_o but_o study_v to_o excel_v chap._n xix_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o maple_n the_o maple-tree_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n where_o there_o be_v any_o hedge_n or_o wood_n but_o as_o for_o the_o kind_n i_o know_v but_o one_o sort_n though_o author_n tell_v you_o of_o more_o it_o be_v increase_v and_o do_v increase_v itself_o by_o seed_n and_o layer_n and_o from_o the_o root_n of_o mother_n old_a tree_n and_o by_o sucker_n which_o make_v it_o so_o plentiful_a the_o seed_n will_v lie_v a_o year_n in_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o therefore_o you_o may_v order_v they_o as_o be_v before_o say_v of_o the_o ash_n you_o may_v increase_v it_o by_o lay_v as_o be_v direct_v in_o chap._n 5._o for_o to_o thicken_v your_o wood_n or_o hedge_n but_o if_o you_o let_v it_o grow_v into_o tree_n it_o destroy_v the_o wood_n under_o it_o for_o it_o receive_v a_o clammy_a honey-dew_n on_o its_o leave_n which_o when_o it_o be_v wash_v off_o by_o rains_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o bud_n of_o those_o tree_n under_o it_o its_o clamminess_n keep_v those_o bud_n from_o open_v and_o so_o by_o degree_n kill_v all_o the_o wood_n under_o it_o therefore_o suffer_v not_o high_a tree_n or_o pollard_n to_o grow_v in_o your_o hedge_n but_o fall_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o it_o will_v thicken_v your_o hedge_n and_o not_o spoil_v its_o neighbour_n so_o much_o you_o may_v increase_v it_o from_o the_o root_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n as_o be_v show_v in_o chap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v for_o under-wood_n in_o coppice_n and_o wood_n for_o it_o produce_v a_o good_a shoot_n and_o thicken_v your_o wood_n it_o love_v a_o dry_a ground_n or_o bank_n best_a chap._n xx._n the_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sycamore_n this_o fine_a tree_n be_v much_o out_o of_o favour_n with_o a_o great_a many_o for_o these_o reason_n viz._n because_o the_o leave_n fall_v upon_o their_o walk_n turn_v into_o soil_n soon_o and_o so_o spoil_v they_o breed_v grass_n and_o weed_n and_o also_o that_o notwithstanding_o its_o fine_a shade_n it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o plant_v they_o near_o dwelling-house_n for_o the_o leave_n in_o summertime_n be_v subject_a to_o catch_v and_o hold_v the_o honey-dew_n do_v draw_v together_o several_a sort_n of_o fly_n and_o some_o say_v among_o they_o the_o moth_n if_o so_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v plant_v near_o house_n and_o garden_n the_o same_o fault_n have_v the_o king_n of_o tree_n the_o never_o enough_o admire_a oak_n and_o the_o maple_n and_o other_o but_o grant_v this_o yet_o let_v i_o desire_v those_o that_o have_v wood_n and_o coppice_n in_o park_n where_o deer_n be_v especial_o to_o set_v some_o of_o this_o tree_n every_o fall_n in_o the_o open_a place_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o it_o be_v a_o wood_n the_o deer_n will_v not_o soon_o harm_n than_o it_o be_v a_o wood_n that_o bear_v key_n soon_o and_o many_o which_o will_v fall_v early_o and_o come_v up_o the_o next_o spring_n and_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o large_a leaf_n the_o weed_n will_v not_o soon_o choke_v they_o on_o some_o ground_n that_o be_v dry_a and_o light_a it_o grow_v fast_o it_o produce_v tall_a tough_a and_o good_a timber_n for_o several_a use_n it_o grow_v apace_o from_o a_o stub_n and_o be_v good_a firewood_n it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n which_o be_v best_a or_o by_o lay_v or_o by_o root_n sow_v the_o seed_n not_o on_o too_o wet_a or_o stiff_a ground_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o the_o next_o spring_n it_o will_v come_v up_o whereby_o on_o a_o little_a ground_n you_o may_v raise_v a_o great_a many_o plant_n to_o set_v in_o your_o nursery_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n by_o dig_v and_o prune_v up_o every_o year_n till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o
big_a enough_o for_o walk_n wood_n or_o what_o you_o please_v thus_o much_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o sycamore_n only_o remember_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n and_o wood_n chap._n xxi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o of_o the_o sycamore_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v set_v in_o park_n because_o deer_n do_v not_o often_o bark_v they_o but_o of_o all_o tree_n that_o i_o know_v for_o that_o purpose_n this_o be_v the_o best_a for_o a_o deer_n will_v starve_v before_o he_o will_v so_o much_o as_o taste_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o hornbeam_n they_o do_v not_o love_v much_o the_o very_a small_a top_n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n or_o by_o lay_v but_o by_o seed_n be_v best_a though_o the_o young_a seedling_n be_v tender_a the_o seed_n may_v be_v sow_v at_o the_o time_n direct_v for_o the_o ash_n for_o it_o lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o it_o come_v up_o and_o then_o you_o must_v look_v to_o keep_v it_o well_o shade_a or_o else_o it_o will_v soon_o be_v go_v than_o you_o think_v for_o it_o natural_o love_v to_o grow_v on_o stiff_a ground_n where_o it_o will_v grow_v and_o bring_v great_a lop_v to_o the_o owner_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o a_o very_a shell_n as_o indeed_o most_o old_a tree_n be_v hollow_a within_o which_o i_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o to_o grow_v but_o the_o fault_n of_o those_o that_o look_v to_o they_o for_o they_o have_v too_o many_o master_n which_o be_v bad_a husband_n and_o no_o friend_n to_o this_o tree_n and_o many_o other_o as_o the_o elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n who_o let_v the_o lordship_n be_v great_a before_o they_o lop_v they_o perswade_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v more_o great_a wood_n which_o be_v most_o useful_a never_o consider_v that_o great_a lop_v do_v endanger_v the_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o at_o best_a wound_n it_o so_o much_o that_o many_o tree_n decay_v 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error_n but_o our_o ordinary_a husbandman_n will_v vindicate_v their_o countrey-husbandry_n to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o next_o for_o indeed_o country_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o the_o order_n of_o tree_n and_o hedge_n and_o they_o as_o much_o condemn_v we_o for_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o out_o of_o their_o self-conceited_a opinion_n and_o tradition_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o jew_n turn_n christian_n this_o tree_n make_v the_o very_o best_a hedge_n of_o any_o tree_n we_o have_v in_o england_n that_o shed_v the_o leaf_n i_o mean_v for_o ornament_n for_o you_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o what_o form_n you_o please_v and_o it_o will_v grow_v very_o thick_a to_o the_o very_a ground_n therefore_o to_o make_v a_o private_a walk_n or_o to_o sense_n in_o avenue_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n without_o the_o bound-range_a of_o tree_n or_o walk_n or_o to_o hedge_v in_o riding_n causewayes_o or_o to_o make_v close_a walk_n or_o arbour_n this_o tree_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v especial_o on_o such_o ground_n which_o it_o like_v you_o may_v be_v better_o satisfy_v about_o this_o tree_n at_o hampton-court_n in_o his_o majesty_n garden_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o ingenious_a artist_n and_o my_o good_a friend_n mr._n tobias_n gatts_n it_o be_v good_a firewood_n and_o yield_v good_a increase_n both_o from_o stub_n and_o pollard_n it_o increase_v much_o by_o sow_v itself_o therefore_o you_o that_o love_v plant_n get_v a_o few_o into_o your_o plantation_n and_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v thrive_v with_o you_o or_o not_o which_o doubtless_o it_o will_v on_o many_o ground_n where_o now_o it_o be_v not_o and_o so_o will_v many_o other_o tree_n do_v mighty_a well_o in_o wood_n and_o coppice_n to_o thicken_v they_o and_o make_v they_o the_o more_o beautiful_a especial_o those_o that_o increase_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o noble_a elm_n cherry_n sarvice_n abel_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o other_o for_o to_o seed_v if_o you_o have_v they_o not_o as_o ash_n sycamore_n line_n hornbeam_n maple_n quickbeam_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o those_o which_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o you_o may_v at_o every_o fall_v furnish_v your_o wood_n where_o they_o be_v thin_a and_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o it_o will_v pay_v you_o for_o your_o pain_n with_o interest_n chap._n xxii_o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n the_o quickbeam_n whitchen_n or_o wild-ash_n though_o very_o scarce_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v pretty_a plentiful_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o north_n as_o in_o nottinghamshire_n etc._n etc._n and_o will_v be_v there_o more_o plentiful_a be_v it_o suffer_v to_o grow_v great_a to_o bear_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o i_o think_v it_o increase_v as_o the_o ash_n do_v only_o from_o seed_n it_o produce_v straight_o small_a and_o long_o shoot_v which_o in_o that_o country_n they_o cut_v off_o while_o they_o be_v young_a to_o make_v goad_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o whip_n to_o drive_v their_o ox_n with_o for_o it_o be_v as_o tough_a a_o wood_n as_o most_o be_v i_o do_v guess_v the_o seed_n lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o i_o be_o now_o about_o try_v to_o raise_v some_o let_v i_o desire_v some_o kind_a planter_n to_o get_v some_o of_o this_o wood_n into_o their_o bound_n where_o it_o be_v not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v try_v whether_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o the_o south_n or_o not_o as_o no_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v if_o you_o will_v but_o try_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o tree_n because_o i_o can_v yet_o speak_v much_o on_o my_o own_o knowledge_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n this_o tree_n increase_v froom_n the_o root_n or_o sucker_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v there_o be_v seed_n in_o that_o which_o it_o shed_v in_o the_o spring_n though_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v it_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o your_o hungry_a gravel_n as_o it_o do_v about_o cashicbury_n in_o several_a wood_n therefore_o you_o that_o have_v barren_a ground_n where_o your_o wood_n be_v get_v some_o set_n of_o this_o wood_n to_o help_v to_o thicken_v your_o wood_n for_o though_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a of_o wood_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o useful_a and_o the_o great_a god_n have_v order_v it_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o worst_a of_o ground_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o servant_n he_o have_v endow_v it_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o attract_v and_o prepare_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o very_a medicinal_a liquor_n which_o be_v both_o pleasant_a and_o healthful_a for_o man_n which_o to_o take_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o also_o to_o prepare_v this_o water_n and_o to_o demonstrate_v what_o disease_n it_o be_v good_a for_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o borrow_v out_o of_o esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 32_o etc._n etc._n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n with_o a_o chisel_n and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well-spreading_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o little_a open_a fasten_v thereto_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extill_o a_o limphid_v and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o tree_n thus_o may_v you_o obtain_v this_o water_n i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n how_o to_o make_v it_o as_o
it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n say_v he_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o still_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_a and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winey_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spirituous_a drink_n which_o be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n instead_o of_o honey_n lib._n 1._o to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raison-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v for_o distemper_n in_o man_n it_o be_v good_a for_o cure_n of_o the_o ptysick_n most_o powerful_a for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n and_o reins_o this_o liquor_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la this_o from_o the_o learned_a author_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o birch_n and_o now_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n of_o the_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o and_o some_o very_a good_a fruit_n as_o the_o red_a and_o white_a filberd_n the_o great_a french_a nut_n etc._n etc._n also_o your_o wild_a nut_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o shape_n and_o goodness_n my_o lord_n have_v once_o a_o quantity_n of_o very_a good_a sort_n send_v he_o from_o beyond_o sea_n they_o have_v a_o very_a tender_a shell_n therefore_o i_o take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o of_o they_o and_o do_v several_a but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o our_o hedge-nut_n when_o they_o be_v ripe_a i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o for_o every_o boy_n can_v order_v they_o all_o winter_n as_o you_o be_v advise_v to_o keep_v your_o walnut_n and_o sow_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v grow_v almost_o on_o any_o ground_n provide_v not_o too_o wet_a but_o best_a on_o your_o dry_a ground_n therefore_o set_v they_o on_o your_o high_a and_o dry_a bank_n between_o your_o fence_n but_o early_o in_o winter_n if_o they_o hold_v but_o the_o first_o year_n they_o will_v produce_v good_a stub_n you_o may_v increase_v they_o by_o sucker_n or_o lay_v but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v from_o their_o nut_n i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o benefit_n yourself_o by_o lay_v this_o and_o other_o wood_n in_o your_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a of_o wood_n i_o dare_v assure_v you_o that_o for_o every_o shilling_n you_o lay_v out_o in_o this_o husbandry_n in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n every_o shilling_n shall_v be_v pay_v you_o yearly_o for_o many_o year_n after_o chap._n xxv_o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o popler_n there_o may_v be_v many_o sort_n of_o this_o wood_n but_o i_o know_v but_o four_o the_o best_a be_v that_o large_a white_a poplar_n a_o great_a leaf_n white_a on_o the_o low_a side_n it_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a whitish_a shoot_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n the_o second_o be_v a_o sort_n much_o like_o to_o this_o both_o in_o leaf_n and_o shoot_v which_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o land_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n call_v 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it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o 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neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n 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his_o hedgerows_a etc._n etc._n or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o i_o can_v and_o do_v wish_v that_o owner_n will_v encourage_v their_o tenant_n by_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o money_n for_o every_o fruit-tree_n and_o so_o much_o for_o every_o forrest-tree_n they_o plant_v in_o their_o ground_n and_o look_v to_o they_o well_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v cattle_n spoil_v they_o this_o will_v help_v both_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o many_o a_o good_a tree_n may_v be_v in_o waste_a place_n where_o now_o none_o be_v this_o will_v make_v the_o farm_n much_o better_a and_o pleasant_a and_o so_o we_o may_v have_v more_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n and_o timber_n and_o knowledge_n in_o plant_v will_v be_v great_o improve_v now_o suppose_v you_o shall_v plant_v on_o good_a land_n and_o in_o open_a field_n you_o will_v be_v no_o loser_n by_o it_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v plant_v oak_n ash_n or_o elm_n in_o pasture-ground_n at_o three_o or_o four_o rod_n asunder_o they_o will_v do_v your_o 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be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n xxx_o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n your_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v feed_v for_o many_o year_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o your_o common_a pasture-ground_n or_o the_o like_a such_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n good_a be_v the_o best_a the_o next_o be_v your_o meadow-ground_n and_o then_o your_o plough_v land_n if_o your_o land_n be_v of_o soil_n alike_o thus_o i_o prefer_v they_o several_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o but_o i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o these_o few_o as_o namely_o your_o ground_n that_o be_v constant_o feed_v have_v likewise_o constant_o a_o supply_n of_o cattle_n dung_n and_o urine_n with_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n which_o add_v much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o likewise_o your_o pasture-ground_n though_o it_o abound_v with_o great_a variety_n of_o herb_n or_o 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my_o judgement_n with_o your_o annual_a plant_n as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o man_n which_o hire_v a_o house_n for_o a_o year_n when_o his_o year_n be_v out_o he_o know_v he_o must_v remove_v clear_v the_o house_n especial_o of_o his_o own_o when_o as_o your_o durable_a vegetable_a like_o a_o man_n who_o house_n be_v his_o own_o be_v favourable_a to_o its_o situation_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o secret_a knowledge_n as_o i_o may_v say_v that_o there_o they_o and_o they_o may_v continue_v many_o year_n if_o this_o be_v understand_v i_o hope_v you_o then_o will_v say_v with_o i_o that_o your_o common_a pasture_n be_v best_a to_o plant_v on_o next_o to_o that_o meadow_n then_o plough_v land_n that_o be_v if_o all_o three_o be_v of_o equal_a goodness_n and_o soil_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o plant_v forrest-tree_n to_o make_v wood_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o naked_a place_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o want_v to_o tell_v some_o man_n of_o plant_v of_o wood_n be_v very_o needless_a for_o there_o be_v too_o many_o man_n more_o incline_v to_o stock_n up_o than_o to_o plant_v they_o but_o i_o suppose_v the_o great_a sort_n of_o man_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o best_a sort_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o preserve_v and_o plant_v than_o to_o destroy_v and_o stock_n they_o up_o to_o those_o than_o that_o love_n either_o their_o country_n or_o themselves_o or_o especial_o their_o posterity_n and_o have_v any_o kindness_n for_o stately_a forrest-tree_n do_v i_o give_v this_o advice_n first_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v of_o what_o soil_n soever_o be_v sure_a to_o plant_v most_o of_o such_o tree_n as_o will_v grow_v best_a on_o that_o soil_n as_o if_o it_o be_v gravel_n than_o beech_n holly_n hasel_n etc._n etc._n if_o mix_v with_o loom_n than_o oak_n ash_n or_o elm_n etc._n etc._n if_o stiff_a than_o ash_n hornbeam_n sycomore_n etc._n etc._n if_o a_o light_a loom_n than_o most_o sort_n and_o withal_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o adjacent_a tree_n and_o which_o sort_n soever_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v your_o ground_n with_o store_n of_o they_o second_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a then_o set_v in_o good_a store_n of_o the_o cut_n of_o alder_n willow_n sallow_a especial_o the_o two_o last_o on_o any_o ground_n for_o if_o there_o come_v a_o wet_a spring_n or_o a_o moist_a summer_n many_o of_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v good_a under-wood_n if_o set_v as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o 26_o the_o or_o 27_o the_o chapter_n though_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o a_o gravel-bottom_a yet_o they_o will_v thrive_v and_o produce_v good_a shoot_n in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o i_o have_v find_v true_a at_o cashiobury_n etc._n etc._n three_o if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o sow_v seed_n than_o you_o must_v prepare_v your_o ground_n with_o a_o good_a tillage_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o seed_n as_o much_o as_o you_o do_v for_o sow_v of_o barley_n and_o have_v all_o your_o seed_n ready_a prepare_v by_o be_v keep_v some_o time_n in_o a_o house_n till_o 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hedge_n and_o a_o very_a fine_a show_n when_o it_o be_v full_a of_o its_o fine_a red_a berry_n which_o appear_v like_o bead_n of_o red_a coral_n among_o the_o dark_a green_a leave_n it_o like_v our_o entertainment_n so_o well_o that_o it_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o most_o ground_n our_o winter_n disturb_v it_o not_o and_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v multiply_v or_o increase_v by_o lay_v or_o cut_n they_o that_o have_v store_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_n i_o hope_v will_v not_o be_v without_o these_o few_o name_v and_o many_o more_o that_o will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a but_o they_o be_v not_o some_o of_o they_o so_o proper_a for_o hedge_n many_o more_o there_o be_v that_o will_v make_v very_o fine_a hedge_n for_o pleasure_n if_o well_o keep_v as_o the_o double-blossom_n cherry_n the_o laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la or_o wild_a bay_n primme_a savin_n etc._n etc._n these_o few_o be_v only_o for_o ornament_n and_o make_v any_o of_o they_o fine_a hedge_n alone_o or_o 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as_o barley_n and_o they_o be_v as_o certain_a to_o grow_v on_o most_o sort_n of_o ground_n as_o any_o one_o wood_n i_o know_v for_o common_a and_o public_a fence_n there_o be_v none_o to_o compare_v with_o these_o two_o for_o certainty_n of_o grow_v for_o a_o thick_a strong_a and_o a_o arm_a fence_n black-bush_n make_v a_o good_a strong_a fence_n but_o it_o have_v one_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v it_o will_v not_o keep_v within_o its_o bound_n but_o will_v run_v very_o much_o into_o your_o ground_n and_o there_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o keep_v out_o therefore_o if_o your_o fence_n be_v for_o wood_n it_o may_v do_v well_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a also_o when_o you_o plash_n it_o it_o will_v often_o be_v ready_a to_o die_v by_o reason_n that_o it_o shoot_v so_o much_o from_o the_o root_n thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n to_o make_v your_o hedge_n with_o i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o some_o direction_n how_o to_o make_v they_o and_o here_o 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very_o curious_a hedge_n of_o pear_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o be_o too_o far_o get_v into_o the_o orchard_n or_o garden_n i_o must_v retreat_v to_o my_o forrest-tree_n to_o shelter_v i_o from_o the_o gardiner_n anger_n of_o those_o sort_n that_o be_v for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o for_o fence_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v two_o peculiar_a sort_n viz._n the_o white-thorn_n and_o the_o crab_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o fence_v in_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o wood_n of_o any_o i_o know_v i_o know_v most_o hedge_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o many_o sort_n of_o wood_n be_v apt_a to_o come_v too_o fast_o without_o plant_v set_v of_o white-thorn_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v plentiful_a to_o be_v have_v burr_n if_o you_o will_v raise_v they_o of_o haws_n order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o cherry_n or_o yew-berry_n now_o to_o raise_v your_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n though_o the_o crab-stock_n be_v better_a than_o your_o apple-stock_n for_o the_o crab_n grow_v more_o rugged_a strong_a and_o be_v more_o last_a but_o stock_n raise_v of_o apple-kernel_n will_v do_v well_o let_v your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v by_o digging_z and_o picking_z it_o clean_o from_o weed_n mix_v it_o with_o some_o good_a rot_a dung_n then_o when_o the_o time_n be_v that_o they_o beat_v their_o crab_n for_o verjuice_n or_o apple_n for_o cider_n then_o prepare_v yourself_o with_o so_o many_o as_o you_o think_v be_v convenient_a for_o your_o ground_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v stamp_v sow_v they_o if_o you_o can_v for_o if_o they_o lie_v long_o in_o the_o stamping_n that_o will_v heat_n and_o spoil_v your_o kernel_n therefore_o if_o you_o have_v they_o to_o fetch_v far_o or_o that_o you_o can_v sow_v they_o instant_o then_o let_v they_o be_v sift_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o spread_v thin_a or_o mix_v with_o dry_a sand_n till_o you_o have_v opportunity_n to_o sow_v they_o or_o you_o may_v keep_v they_o in_o sand_n the_o kernel_n i_o mean_v a_o little_a moist_a till_o february_n and_o then_o sow_v they_o but_o be_v sure_a your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v beforehand_o with_o good_a tillage_n and_o clean_o pick_v cover_v they_o about_o one_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o with_o fine_a mould_n afterward_o when_o they_o come_v up_o keep_v they_o constant_o clean_a from_o weed_n remember_v if_o you_o sow_v at_o michaelmas_n that_o you_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v trap_n set_v for_o fear_v mouse_n rob_v you_o of_o your_o kernel_n thus_o may_v you_o raise_v what_o quantity_n of_o stock_n you_o please_v which_o at_o two_o and_o three_o year_n old_a you_o may_v set_v where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o to_o raise_v tree_n or_o to_o make_v hedge_n for_o fence_v in_o your_o ground_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n by_o digging_z or_o hoe_z thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o furnish_v yourselves_o with_o store_n of_o stock_n in_o a_o little_a time_n which_o will_v make_v you_o as_o strong_a and_o good_a fence_n as_o most_o wood_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v very_o profitable_a too_o both_o to_o yield_v good_a liquor_n for_o drink_v and_o to_o bring_v good_a fuel_n to_o the_o fire_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o plant_v these_o quickset_n both_o for_o hedge_n with_o ditch_n and_o for_o stant-hedge_n as_o some_o call_v they_o without_o ditch_n first_o strain_v a_o line_n where_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o ditch_n must_v go_v next_o your_o hedge_n then_o mark_v along_o by_o the_o line_n slope_v as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bank_n of_o your_o hedge_n to_o slope_v then_o strain_v the_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o slope_v inward_a
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o may_v direct_v you_o when_o you_o lay_v any_o fence-hedge_n of_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n soever_o it_o be_v first_o at_o every_o lay_v lay_v down_o some_o old_a plash_n or_o young_a one_o if_o your_o hedge_n be_v thin_a but_o let_v they_o point_v with_o their_o end_n to_o the_o ditch-side_n of_o the_o bank_n keep_v the_o end_v low_a on_o the_o bank_n they_o will_v the_o better_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n of_o your_o bank_n second_o at_o every_o laying_z lay_v earth_n on_o your_o bank_n to_o heighten_v it_o and_o to_o cover_v your_o layer_n all_o but_o the_o end_n which_o earth_n will_v help_v your_o quick_a much_o and_o make_v the_o fence_n the_o better_a by_o heighten_v the_o bank_n and_o deepn_v your_o ditch_n three_o do_v not_o cut_v your_o plash_n too_o much_o but_o just_a so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v well_o bend_v down_o and_o do_v not_o lay_v they_o so_o upright_o as_o some_o of_o our_o workman_n do_v but_o lay_v they_o near_o to_o a_o level_n the_o sap_n will_v break_v out_o at_o several_a place_n the_o better_a and_o not_o run_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n as_o it_o will_v when_o they_o lie_v much_o slope_v if_o you_o have_v wood_n to_o spare_v cut_v up_o most_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o the_o ditch_n but_o hang_v the_o bank_n then_o with_o bush_n to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o crop_v they_o the_o first_o year_n these_o will_v shoot_v strong_a and_o secure_v your_o hedge_n well_o keep_v up_o the_o bank_n and_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n four_o
lay_v your_o hedge_n pretty_a thick_a turn_v the_o beard_n on_o the_o ditch-side_n but_o do_v not_o let_v the_o beard_n hang_v uncut_v as_o the_o common_a workman_n do_v though_o it_o do_v make_v a_o good_a show_n at_o first_o make_v but_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o straggle_a bough_n within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o both_o side_n then_o will_v it_o shoot_v strong_a at_o these_o place_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n much_o the_o more_o of_o this_o reason_n may_v inform_v you_o as_o it_o do_v i_o and_o experience_n will_v afterward_o confirm_v it_o five_o if_o you_o have_v get_v a_o good_a high_a bank_n make_v your_o hedge_n so_o low_a as_o you_o think_v it_o may_v but_o just_o serve_v for_o fence_v the_o first_o year_n for_o it_o will_v soon_o grow_v high_a and_o the_o low_a your_o hedge_n be_v make_v the_o quick_a will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o the_o bottom_n will_v be_v the_o thick_a but_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o the_o field-side_n the_o first_o year_n after_o it_o be_v make_v six_o if_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a hedge_n for_o fence_n you_o must_v fell_v it_o often_o do_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o take_v care_n at_o every_o fell_n to_o root_n out_o elder_a traveller_n joy_n that_o be_v bull-bine_a as_o some_o call_v it_o briany_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o leave_v not_o too_o many_o high_a standard-tree_n or_o pollard_n in_o it_o the_o elm_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a do_v not_o use_v too_o much_o dead_a wood_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n for_o that_o choke_v your_o quick_a but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o gap_n make_v your_o dead_a hedge_n at_o a_o distance_n much_o more_o i_o can_v say_v of_o hedge_n but_o i_o forbear_v only_o i_o can_v pass_v by_o the_o learned_a esquire_n good_a advice_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 50._o which_o be_v this_o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedge-rowe_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_a county_n thus_o far_o the_o learned_a author_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o number_n plant_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o plant_v ten_o crab-stock_n for_o the_o want_n of_o one_o tree_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v but_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o we_o as_o it_o in_o hereford-shire_n and_o once_o grow_v to_o a_o custom_n we_o shall_v in_o few_o year_n banish_v out_o foreign_a drink_n by_o this_o our_o excellent_a and_o most_o wholesome_a one_o beside_o our_o tree_n in_o shallow_a ground_n will_v thrive_v better_o in_o bank_n of_o hedge-rowe_n than_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ground_n again_o say_v he_o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v effectual_o take_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v in_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beaverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerrard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o ch_n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedge-rowe_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o fruit-tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n however_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o go_v forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graft_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a charge_n and_o with_o how_o great_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n do_v afford_v comparable_a for_o divers_a curious_a use_n with_o most_o this_o also_o will_v make_v timber_n the_o more_o plentiful_a the_o decay_a tree_n and_o prune_a will_v be_v good_a firewood_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o do_v wish_n be_v practise_v in_o our_o hedge_n and_o those_o fine_v severe_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o viz._n that_o there_o shall_v not_o a_o oak_n in_o any_o hedge_n whatsoever_o be_v head_v but_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o shred_v they_o up_o as_o some_o do_v elm_n though_o not_o to_o stock_n or_o fall_v they_o till_o such_o a_o age_n in_o such_o bank_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o best_a timber_n and_o enrich_v the_o owner_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n or_o more_o with_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n or_o the_o like_a and_o will_v have_v it_o plant_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o be_v to_o have_v your_o tree_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o to_o have_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o convenient_o you_o can_v in_o your_o ground_n which_o be_v suppose_v all_o man_n will_v have_v and_o yet_o your_o tree_n to_o stand_v at_o convenient_a distance_n now_o i_o say_v suppose_v your_o ground_n to_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o geometrical_a square_n in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o may_v begin_v your_o first_o row_n on_o which_o side_n you_o please_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n for_o the_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v you_o must_v first_o resolve_v what_o distance_n your_o tree_n have_v best_o be_v plant_v at_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v plant_v your_o tree_n at_o somewhat_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o most_o tree_n delight_v in_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o particular_a chapter_n speak_v of_o each_o kind_a your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o plant_v they_o triangular_a and_o not_o square_a as_o some_o do_v for_o you_o can_v plant_v they_o in_o no_o form_n or_o order_v whatsoever_o to_o be_v more_o please_v to_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n than_o to_o have_v every_o three_o tree_n to_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n nor_o in_o no_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o to_o have_v so_o many_o tree_n to_o stand_v in_o such_o or_o any_o piece_n of_o ground_n whatsoever_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n for_o satisfaction_n and_o likewise_o to_o demonstrate_v it_o more_o full_o observe_v these_o two_o follow_a figure_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o be_v a_o geometrical_a square_n but_o before_o i_o show_v you_o a_o draft_n or_o you_o stake_n out_o your_o ground_n for_o your_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v first_o consider_v well_o these_o few_o rule_n first_o observe_v the_o distance_n that_o your_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o always_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n that_o then_o your_o tree_n will_v hold_v the_o long_o and_o by_o consequence_n grow_v to_o the_o great_a perfection_n therefore_o plant_v at_o large_a distance_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o plant_v this_o acre_n of_o ground_n with_o syder-apple_n as_o for_o instance_n all_o redstrakes_a which_o be_v a_o excellent_a syder-apple_n and_o be_v likewise_o
and_o cut_v upright_a bough_n a_o little_a slope_v off_o they_o will_v heal_v over_o the_o better_a keep_v they_o from_o sucker_n and_o then_o you_o may_v expect_v good_a tree_n and_o fruit_n of_o which_o i_o wish_v your_o hedge-rowe_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n whatsoever_o if_o any_o root_n be_v break_v or_o much_o bruise_v or_o crack_v cut_v they_o off_o till_o you_o come_v to_o firm_a wood_n the_o slope_n tend_v to_o the_o ground_n like_o a_o horsefoot_n but_o be_v very_o spare_v in_o cut_v the_o root_n of_o green_n and_o also_o in_o cut_v their_o head_n off_o yet_o you_o may_v proportion_v the_o head_n to_o the_o root_n by_o cut_v off_o some_o side-bough_n which_o cut_v off_o if_o your_o green_a be_v tender_a the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n or_o in_o april_n and_o cut_v the_o bough_n off_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n from_o the_o body_n and_o that_o time_n come_v twelve_o month_n take_v off_o that_o piece_n close_o and_o cover_v the_o wound_n with_o a_o little_a wax_n or_o clay_n well_o temper_v if_o your_o green_n be_v for_o high_a tree_n endeavour_v to_o make_v they_o taper_n by_o leave_v some_o side-bough_n to_o ease_v the_o head_n in_o all_o tree_n you_o intend_v for_o timber_n be_v cautious_a in_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n especial_o those_o of_o great_a pith_n such_o as_o the_o ash_n walnut_n etc._n etc._n unless_o your_o tree_n grow_v top-heavy_a or_o much_o crooked_a and_o then_o at_o the_o crooked_a place_n cut_v off_o the_o head_n slope_v upward_o and_o nurse_v up_o one_o of_o the_o principal_n shoot_v to_o be_v the_o lead_n shoot_v but_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o die_v when_o head_v or_o any_o tree_n very_o great_a meddle_v not_o with_o such_o the_o beech_n be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a to_o head_n of_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v such_o tree_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o to_o grow_v to_o a_o certain_a propose_a height_n you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o keep_v they_o taper_n by_o leave_v side-bough_n in_o convenient_a place_n and_o distance_n to_o make_v they_o taper_n cut_v such_o bough_n off_o when_o you_o find_v your_o tree_n be_v swell_v enough_o below_o still_o mind_v to_o take_v off_o the_o great_a side-bough_n and_o leave_v little_a one_o and_o to_o proportion_v your_o head_n by_o keep_v it_o small_a according_a to_o the_o body_n and_o maintain_v the_o lead_n shoot_v let_v it_o have_v no_o equal_n for_o fork_a tree_n be_v never_o straight_o thus_o do_v till_o you_o have_v get_v your_o tree_n to_o the_o height_n you_o intend_v and_o there_o let_v the_o head_n break_v out_o and_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-bough_n but_o if_o side-bough_n still_o break_v out_o then_o give_v they_o a_o summer-pruning_a a_o little_a after_o midsummer_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o so_o will_v you_o kill_v they_o and_o have_v a_o fine_a stately_a clear_a body_n and_o fine_a timber-tree_n see_v chap._n 10._o observe_v this_o in_o all_o tree_n you_o will_v have_v grow_v with_o a_o handsome_a straight_a body_n till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o the_o height_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v head_n at_o while_o your_o tree_n be_v small_a you_o must_v prune_v they_o every_o year_n the_o best_a time_n for_o most_o be_v the_o spring_n but_o hardy_a tree_n and_o wood_n may_v be_v prune_v at_o any_o time_n in_o winter_n when_o they_o be_v a_o little_o old_a once_o in_o two_o year_n than_o once_o in_o three_o and_o then_o in_o four_o and_o never_o seldome_a than_o once_o in_o five_o or_o six_o so_o will_v the_o bough_n be_v small_a the_o tree_n will_v soon_o overgrow_v the_o place_n the_o knot_n will_v not_o be_v great_a to_o vex_v the_o carpenter_n or_o joyner_n at_o all_o the_o place_n will_v not_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n because_o the_o sap_n have_v have_v no_o great_a recourse_n to_o that_o place_n mind_n always_o to_o cut_v off_o your_o bough_n smooth_a and_o close_o to_o the_o body_n this_o if_o you_o please_v to_o do_v you_o may_v have_v fine_a timber_n and_o handsome_a tree_n which_o i_o dare_v engage_v will_v pay_v you_o or_o you_o well_o for_o your_o help_n to_o they_o the_o like_a do_v with_o your_o standard_n fruit-tree_n or_o those_o you_o intend_v for_o pollard_n till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o the_o height_n you_o design_v they_o shall_v head_n at_o and_o at_o set_v if_o they_o be_v tender_a tree_n or_o tree_n that_o have_v great_a pith._n if_o you_o must_v head_n they_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o you_o find_v they_o begin_v to_o bud_v but_o than_o you_o must_v take_v care_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o winter_n that_o they_o shake_v they_o not_o so_o as_o to_o let_v the_o air_n in_o to_o the_o ground_n to_o kill_v the_o root_n therefore_o tie_v they_o to_o good_a stock_n or_o this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n for_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o great_a pith_n or_o be_v very_o tender_a cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n when_o you_o set_v they_o so_o let_v they_o be_v till_o the_o spring_n and_o when_o you_o see_v the_o bud_n break_v out_o then_o cut_v they_o on_o every_o shoot_n of_o the_o head_n a_o little_a above_o the_o low_a bud_n or_o two_o of_o each_o shoot_n so_o will_v the_o head_n shoot_v but_o with_o few_o shoot_v and_o they_o will_v be_v the_o strong_a the_o head_n be_v small_a the_o root_n will_v endeavour_v to_o proportion_v it_o to_o its_o former_a greatness_n or_o near_o it_o but_o if_o you_o have_v many_o shoot_v break_v out_o then_o cut_v they_o all_o off_o but_o four_o or_o five_o for_o so_o many_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v arm_n for_o any_o tree_n but_o if_o then_o you_o find_v the_o tree_n to_o shoot_v too_o much_o and_o grow_v top-heavy_a as_o sometime_o they_o will_v if_o well_o keep_v and_o on_o good_a ground_n than_o head_n the_o tree_n again_o but_o not_o so_o low_a as_o you_o do_v before_o for_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o thing_n this_o will_v make_v your_o tree_n swell_v in_o body_n much_o and_o in_o time_n be_v a_o fine_a tree_n so_o that_o i_o say_v endeavour_v to_o get_v a_o good_a body_n for_o in_o fruit-tree_n this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o you_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n endeavour_n to_o get_v your_o tree_n in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o to_o bear_v you_o good_a fruit_n and_o a_o quantity_n rather_o than_o little_a fruit_n early_o and_o then_o never_o good_a fruit_n or_o tree_n after_o therefore_o if_o you_o have_v a_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o thrive_v but_o be_v subject_a to_o blow_v much_o as_o most_o such_o tree_n be_v cut_v off_o the_o blow_a bud_n in_o the_o spring_n as_o low_a to_o a_o leafy_a bud_n as_o you_o can_v and_o some_o shoot_v as_o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tree_n head_v as_o you_o can_v but_o mind_n to_o leave_v some_o bud_n on_o the_o head_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n or_o else_o your_o tree_n may_v break_v out_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n or_o a_o little_a above_o ground_n but_o if_o your_o bud_n once_o shoot_v on_o the_o head_n but_o half_o a_o foot_n then_o will_v your_o tree_n come_v away_o thus_o and_o by_o dig_v about_o have_v i_o help_v many_o a_o stunted_a tree_n forward_o which_o you_o may_v do_v likewise_o if_o you_o please_v i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v several_a fruit-tree_n as_o pear_n apple_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v full_a of_o false-bearing_a bud_n i_o call_v they_o so_o because_o they_o do_v not_o blow_v for_o the_o tree_n have_v get_v more_o head_n than_o the_o root_n can_v well_o maintain_v have_v not_o strength_n sufficient_a to_o spare_v sap_n for_o blossom_n nor_o yet_o for_o fruit_n which_o by_o prune_v and_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o such_o tree_n and_o by_o slit_v the_o bark_n on_o the_o body_n in_o the_o spring_n have_v make_v they_o afterward_o to_o bear_v well_o when_o they_o have_v put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v at_o the_o head_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n there_o be_v which_o will_v blow_v and_o bear_v themselves_o to_o death_n when_o they_o be_v middle-aged_a as_o before_o i_o tell_v you_o some_o young_a one_o will_v if_o not_o help_v by_o prune_v but_o the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v such_o tree_n from_o death_n and_o to_o make_v they_o bear_v pretty_a good_a fruit_n be_v to_o cut_v off_o most_o of_o the_o blow_a bud_n and_o to_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o some_o bough_n to_o make_v it_o shoot_v again_o then_o will_v it_o live_v many_o year_n long_o and_o bear_v better_a fruit_n some_o tree_n there_o be_v that_o will_v run_v so_o much_o into_o wood_n that_o they_o will_v not_o bear_v of_o themselves_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v old_a but_o if_o you_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o shoot_v
the_o diameter_n at_o the_o end_n or_o by_o have_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o base_a thereof_o but_o we_o have_v the_o circumference_n which_o be_v 72_o inch_n i_o shall_v proceed_v that_o way_n and_o first_o by_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n the_o circumference_n be_v 72_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n 696_o inch_n how_o many_o solid_a foot_n be_v there_o in_o such_o a_o tree_n as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 147_o 36_o to_o the_o circumference_n 72_o inch_n so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o inch_n 696_o to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n 166_o and_o near_o half_a that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a it_o can_v well_o be_v read_v on_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o 147_o â—6_n â—â—0_o point_n to_o 72_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o number_n 696_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n and_o then_o turn_v your_o compass_n twice_o from_o that_o number_n towards_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o point_n will_v fall_v upon_o 166._o and_o near_o a_o half_a the_o solid_a content_n in_o foot_n or_o more_o easy_o thus_o as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 42._o 54._o to_o 72_o inch_n the_o circumference_n so_o be_v 58_o foot_n the_o length_n to_o a_o four_o and_o that_o four_o to_o 166_o foot_n and_o a_o ½_o fore_fw-la extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 42._o 54_o to_o 72_o the_o circumference_n in_o inch_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 58_o foot_n the_o length_n to_o another_o number_n and_o from_o that_o number_n to_o 166_o foot_n and_o somewhat_o more_o but_o how_o much_o more_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o with_o my_o pen_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o work_v tho_o log._n be_v much_o easy_a but_o some_o may_v not_o have_v table_n or_o not_o understand_v they_o if_o they_o have_v now_o have_v the_o circumference_n give_v which_o be_v 72_o inch_n we_o must_v find_v the_o diameter_n and_o the_o rule_n be_v as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v 72_o to_o 22_o 91_o 100_o inch_n the_o diameter_n near_o 23_o as_o here_o it_o be_v wrought_v or_o you_o may_v do_v it_o by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 22_o to_o 7_o the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 72._o to_o near_o 23_o for_o it_o want_v but_o 2._o of_o 22_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o in_o more_o exact_a term_n then_o now_o for_o the_o content_a of_o the_o head_n multiply_v half_o the_o circumference_n by_o half_a the_o diameter_n and_o it_o give_v the_o superficial_a content_a this_o multiply_v by_o 696_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n give_v the_o solid_a content_n in_o inch_n and_o that_o sum_v divide_v by_o 1728_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o cubical_a foot_n show_v you_o how_o many_o foot_n and_o part_n be_v in_o the_o tree_n the_o whole_n content_a in_o cube-feet_n be_v about_o 166_o and_o a_o little_a more_o for_o if_o you_o come_v within_o ¼_n of_o a_o foot_n in_o such_o sum_n as_o this_o with_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n it_o be_v well_o when_o this_o tree_n be_v saw_v off_o a_o little_a above_o the_o root_n i_o tell_v just_a 72_o annual_a circle_n some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o i_o ever_o yet_o see_v in_o any_o tree_n and_o those_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o age_n some_o three_o make_v above_o one_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o tree_n than_o do_v grow_v above_o two_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n time_n but_o at_o first_o and_o of_o late_a for_o some_o 6_o or_o 7_o year_n it_o do_v increase_v but_o little_a for_o it_o be_v near_o at_o its_o full_a growth_n so_o that_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12_o the_o semi-diameter_n for_o it_o be_v 24_o inch_n at_o the_o root-end_n by_o 6_o it_o give_v you_o 72_o so_o that_o it_o do_v grow_v one_o year_n with_o another_o 2_o inch_n in_o 6_o year_n or_o one_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o tree_n in_o for_o its_o greatness_n but_o for_o its_o quick_a growth_n and_o fine_a length_n of_o timber_n which_o be_v help_v by_o its_o situation_n it_o stand_v in_o a_o valley_n and_o set_v round_o with_o many_o other_o great_a tree_n if_o this_o tree_n have_v be_v sell_v alone_o it_o be_v such_o a_o straight_a tree_n and_o such_o a_o tough_a grain_n for_o your_o great_a grand_a tree_n be_v always_o the_o tough_a to_o some_o pike-maker_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v worth_a 1_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o foot_n at_o which_o price_n the_o very_a timber_n come_v to_o 09_o l._n 15_o s._n 09_o d._n then_o the_o head_n and_o root_n will_v well_o pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n and_o make_v up_o the_o wood_n and_o make_v up_o this_o sum_n ten_o pound_n too_o i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o to_o compare_v with_o tree_n that_o be_v and_o have_v be_v for_o the_o ingenious_a author_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 84._o tell_v you_o of_o a_o tree_n worth_a 50_o l._n as_o affirm_v by_o capt._n bullock_n but_o i_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v those_o that_o love_v tree_n what_o profit_n a_o thrive_a tree_n bring_v they_o yearly_o and_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o they_o have_v better_o pay_v use_v for_o money_n than_o cut_v down_o a_o tree_n that_o stand_v in_o a_o good_a place_n and_o be_v in_o a_o good_a thrive_a condition_n therefore_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v grow_v and_o increase_n in_o shoot_n be_v not_o too_o hasty_a in_o fell_n and_o when_o they_o be_v decay_v it_o be_v too_o late_o therefore_o let_v they_o not_o decay_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v they_o when_o your_o wood_n be_v come_v to_o the_o growth_n you_o intend_v to_o fell_v at_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thick_a of_o wood_n then_o fall_v the_o timber-tree_n and_o underwood_n as_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n as_o you_o can_v but_o if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a than_o stock_n up_o your_o tree_n especial_o if_o great_a timber_n and_o the_o winter_n after_o into_o these_o hole_n where_o you_o stock_v up_o the_o tree_n set_v elm_n cherry_n poplar_n sarvice_n and_o sallow-cuttings_a so_o will_v these_o tree_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o grow_v from_o the_o run_a root_n thicken_v your_o wood_n the_o root_n will_v pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n you_o will_v save_v a_o soot_n or_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o timber_n and_o the_o root_n of_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a in_o the_o loose_a ground_n where_o you_o make_v the_o hole_n whereas_o the_o old_a root_n will_v keep_v the_o ground_n from_o nourish_v or_o any_o from_o grow_v there_o for_o many_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n do_v not_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n quite_o but_o set_v in_o some_o run_v wood_n the_o ground_n be_v deep_a by_o the_o hill_n will_v make_v the_o other_o wood_n grow_v better_o and_o the_o end_n of_o several_a root_n be_v cut_v will_v shoot_v forth_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v receive_v seed_n which_o the_o wind_n will_v blow_v into_o they_o and_o there_o be_v weed_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o will_v grow_v well_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o stock_v up_o all_o the_o great_a tree_n which_o we_o fell_v in_o our_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o i_o set_v in_o a_o elm_n and_o a_o cherry_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o spring_n after_o there_o come_v out_o of_o the_o side-root_n of_o maple_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v good_a shoot_n and_o many_o sallow_n come_v up_o in_o the_o hole_n whereby_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o well_o thicken_v to_o the_o conteut_n of_o my_o ingenious_a lord_n though_o many_o people_n be_v much_o against_o it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o use_v so_o to_o be_v do_v if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a at_o every_o fell_n lie_v some_o bough_n which_o be_v most_o convenient_a into_o the_o thin_a place_n and_o before_o next_o fall_v you_o will_v have_v they_o well_o root_v and_o good_a shoot_v from_o they_o a_o man_n will_v do_v a_o great_a many_o in_o one_o day_n for_o which_o you_o will_v be_v well_o satisfy_v in_o time_n december_n and_o january_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o fell_a timber_n but_o the_o oak_n in_o april_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bark_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v decrease_v and_o the_o wind_n not_o east_n when_o the_o stub_n of_o your_o underwood_n be_v grow_v great_a stock_n they_o up_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v good_a husbandry_n with_o we_o in_o hartfordshire_n which_o they_o call_v runt_v their_o wood_n it_o make_v way_n for_o seedling_n and_o young_a root_n to_o run_v the_o better_a do_v this_o at_o felling-time_n wheresoever_o you_o have_v fell_v tree_n at_o the_o ground_n when_o
but_o these_o we_o have_v here_o make_v be_v call_v ambligone_n that_o be_v a_o triangle_n which_o have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v show_v you_o most_o of_o the_o regular_a figure_n through_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v or_o in_o which_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v i_o shall_v now_o show_v how_o a_o walk_n may_v pass_v through_o a_o square_a and_o so_o proceed_v see_v fig._n 26._o you_o may_v make_v your_o walk_n according_a to_o this_o figure_n or_o you_o may_v have_v the_o walk_n break_v into_o the_o square_n in_o the_o middle_a on_o every_o side_n which_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o with_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o centre_n where_o the_o prick_n be_v thus_o see_v fig._n 27._o how_o a_o walk_n may_v end_v in_o a_o square_a may_v well_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o last_o figure_n beside_o it_o be_v common_a in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v see_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o a_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a figure_n from_o these_o forego_n you_o may_v make_v several_a other_o according_a to_o your_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n to_o cut_v your_o coat_n according_a to_o your_o cloth_n and_o to_o proportion_v the_o figure_n your_o walk_n end_v in_o according_a to_o the_o best_a convenience_n of_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o your_o hand_n always_o for_o copy_n stay_v but_o let_v a_o active_a fancy_n lead_v your_o way_n proportion_n still_o your_o figure_n to_o your_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v triangle_n square_n or_o round_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n be_v also_o the_o best_a to_o make_v your_o lawn_n that_o be_v a_o spacious_a plane_n join_v to_o your_o house_n which_o let_v be_v in_o largeness_n according_a as_o your_o ground_n will_v permit_v as_o 100_o acre_n or_o more_o this_o lawn_n be_v most_o convenient_a to_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n or_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o give_v the_o more_o way_n for_o the_o west_n wind_n which_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a to_o harm_v your_o house_n by_o its_o free_a passage_n thereto_o also_o if_o your_o best_a room_n front_v your_o lawn_n as_o they_o always_o shall_v do_v the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a time_n in_o which_o great_a person_n do_v solace_v themselves_o in_o these_o principal_a room_n the_o afternoon_n sun_n will_v then_o be_v offensive_a to_o such_o room_n and_o the_o prospect_n will_v both_o be_v hinder_v and_o not_o so_o pleasant_a for_o the_o sun_n by_o shine_v against_o you_o and_o from_o the_o object_n do_v by_o both_o hinder_v your_o prospect_n and_o most_o prospect_n be_v most_o pleasant_a when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o they_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o arise_v from_o your_o lawn_n be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o your_o house_n be_v consider_v i_o thence_o conclude_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n that_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o your_o lawn_n to_o be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o there_o you_o have_v your_o room_n shady_a in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o object_n which_o you_o view_v from_o your_o house_n much_o beautify_v by_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o afternoon_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n your_o lawn_n may_v do_v very_o well_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o your_o house_n for_o the_o sun_n shine_v most_o part_n of_o the_o day_n on_o that_o side_n of_o your_o house_n do_v much_o add_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o that_o front_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o best_a front_n of_o your_o house_n therefore_o a_o large_a lawn_n on_o that_o side_n do_v much_o help_n the_o prospect_n to_o the_o house_n and_o also_o from_o it_o a_o lawn_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v no_o way_n convenient_a for_o that_o lay_v your_o house_n too_o open_a to_o the_o cold_a north_n wind_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o let_v your_o north_n and_o west_n side_n be_v plant_v with_o wood_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n a_o square_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n thus_o where_o there_o may_v be_v three_o avenue_n break_v out_o at_o the_o three_o angle_n or_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n opposite_a to_o the_o house_n and_o if_o your_o lawn_n be_v rise_v ground_n to_o the_o house_n some_o tree_n set_v thin_a on_o the_o lawn_n will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a see_v fig._n 28._o your_o lawn_n may_v be_v bound_v with_o walk_n if_o you_o please_v which_o in_o this_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o or_o you_o may_v have_v a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n with_o set_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o they_o will_v show_v the_o shape_n of_o their_o head_n the_o better_a as_o the_o prick_n be_v on_o the_o lawn_n so_o may_v your_o tree_n stand_v but_o leave_v the_o front_n clear_a except_o the_o lawn_n be_v much_o fall_a ground_n from_o the_o house_n let_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o these_o two_o fig._n 28_o 29._o or_o any_o other_o yet_o let_v the_o lawn_n be_v on_o both_o side_n the_o front_n alike_o make_v a_o angle_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n or_o at_o some_o court_n gate_n right_a before_o it_o and_o break_v off_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o fig._n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o house_n a_o single_a row_n of_o line-tree_n set_v at_o 4_o rod_n distance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o fig._n will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o bound_v your_o lawn_n see_v fig._n 29._o from_o these_o two_o you_o may_v make_v several_a but_o still_o mind_n to_o make_v such_o as_o will_v best_o fit_v your_o ground_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o good_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n only_o it_o must_v break_v off_o before_o it_o come_v against_o the_o front_n a_o triangle_n be_v also_o a_o very_a proper_a figure_n for_o a_o lawn_n but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v too_o acute_a at_o the_o angle_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n but_o rather_o obtuse_a or_o right_o angle_v at_o the_o angle_n next_o the_o front_n as_o in_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v some_o field_n lie_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o triangle_n lead_v up_o between_o two_o wood_n or_o large_a hedge_n and_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v a_o house_n at_o the_o angle_n this_o have_v be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o my_o fancy_n especial_o when_o it_o have_v ascend_v up_o hill_n and_o have_v have_v the_o south_n southeast_n or_o east_n aspect_n now_o if_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v ground_n convenient_a will_v but_o make_v some_o such_o lawn_n before_o their_o house_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o seat_n they_o may_v make_v these_o lawn_n and_o clear_v the_o wood_n that_o be_v within_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o as_o it_o decay_v or_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n the_o charge_n will_v not_o be_v great_a but_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n will_v certain_o be_v great_a and_o last_a i_o do_v prefer_v your_o lime-tree_n to_o bind_v in_o your_o lawn_n because_o it_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o any_o soil_n have_v but_o care_n to_o plant_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v beside_o the_o fine_a shape_n all_o the_o tree_n will_v natural_o grow_v in_o for_o they_o will_v seem_v as_o though_o they_o be_v cut_v provide_v they_o be_v not_o set_v too_o thick_a for_o then_o one_o hinder_v the_o shape_n of_o another_o the_o elm_n be_v a_o good_a tree_n for_o this_o purpose_n for_o it_o have_v a_o fine_a green_a leaf_n and_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a for_o it_o it_o will_v grow_v to_o a_o great_a tree_n and_o straight_o if_o keep_v with_o prune_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v these_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v thick_a round_o your_o lawn_n the_o beech_n in_o ground_n where_o it_o like_v make_v a_o stately_a tree_n so_o do_v the_o walnut_n chesnut_n black_a cherry_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n be_v quick_a grower_n and_o very_o pleasant_a in_o the_o spring_n when_o they_o be_v clothe_v in_o their_o white_a garment_n and_o indeed_o any_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o very_o dangerous_a to_o remove_v as_o be_v the_o stately_a oak_n and_o pines_n which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o fault_n the_o fir_n and_o ewe_n be_v not_o so_o difficult_a they_o will_v do_v well_o where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n etc._n etc._n now_o where_o man_n have_v not_o the_o convenience_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n if_o they_o make_v but_o 20_o acre_n in_o a_o field_n in_o some_o good_a figure_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n it_o will_v be_v the_o more_o pleasant_a and_o the_o charge_n as_o little_a as_o to_o do_v it_o other_o way_n chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o several_a superficial_a