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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
ground_n grow_v root_n small_a 3,915 5 5.8532 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A93046 The history of the propagation & improvement of vegetables by the concurrence of art and nature: shewing the several ways for the propagation of plants usually cultivated in England, as they are increased by seed, off-sets, suckers, truncheons, cuttings, slips, laying, circumposition, the several ways of graftings and inoculations; as likewise the methods for improvement and best culture of field, orchard, and garden plants, the means used for remedy of annoyances incident to them; with the effect of nature, and her manner of working upon the several endeavors and operations of the artist. Written according to observations made from experience and practice: / by Robert Sharrock, Fellow of New Colledge. Sharrock, Robert, 1630-1684. 1659 (1659) Wing S3010; Thomason E1731_2; ESTC R200918 91,082 174

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shall_v well_o be_v content_a with_o thin_a water_n sune_v but_o kitchen_n ground_n be_v best_a improve_v by_o fat_a water_n wherein_o ordure_n have_v be_v wash_v and_o some_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o by_o too_o much_o water_n you_o do_v not_o chill_a or_o over-glut_a the_o ground_n often_o and_o little_o be_v the_o best_a use_n and_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n when_o frost_n be_v fear_v it_o be_v better_o water_v in_o the_o morning_n then_o at_o night_n in_o summer_n the_o night_n i_o esteem_v the_o better_a season_n there_o be_v a_o pretty_a way_n of_o water_v choice_a plant_n by_o wet_v a_o streiner_n and_o so_o let_v one_o end_n of_o it_o hang_v over_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o will_v draw_v up_o the_o moisture_n from_o the_o basin_n and_o let_v it_o gentle_o fall_v down_o the_o streiner_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o plant._n n._n 4._o example_n of_o the_o best_a culture_n of_o hops_n and_o way_n of_o order_v they_o after_o they_o be_v first_o set_v 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neighbour_n i_o decide_v not_o the_o question_n nor_o can_v reconcile_v the_o gardener_n to_o weed_n while_o he_o find_v his_o strong_a plant_n destroy_v by_o they_o i_o have_v see_v many_o tree_n in_o a_o well_o grow_v nursery_n spoil_v by_o the_o grass_n that_o grow_v amid_o they_o and_o as_o i_o remember_v the_o very_a bark_n of_o the_o tree_n themselves_o be_v rot_v by_o a_o dew_n cast_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o grass_n i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v a_o strong_o grow_v quickset_n of_o white_a thorn_n to_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o alexander_n which_o it_o be_v at_o the_o reader_n choice_n to_o account_v as_o a_o weed_n or_o cultivated_a plant._n the_o time_n of_o prune_v general_o be_v the_o dead_a of_o winter_n for_o such_o plant_n as_o consist_v of_o a_o woody_n substance_n pompion_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o superfluous_a creeper_n and_o other_o gourd_n likewise_o at_o their_o first_o time_n of_o spring_v and_o divarication_n of_o their_o branch_n the_o season_n of_o 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as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o leaf_n by_o the_o fly_n some_o brush_v they_o off_o with_o wet_a clothes_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o little_a fly_n that_o usual_o blow_v upon_o the_o cabbage_n choose_v such_o plant_n as_o be_v young_a and_o especial_o those_o that_o be_v raise_v in_o hot_a bed_n or_o endure_v least_o of_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n precede_v mossiness_n of_o tree_n come_v general_o either_o from_o the_o barrenness_n or_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o therefore_o i_o count_v it_o vain_a to_o attempt_v the_o removal_n of_o it_o without_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n and_o make_v the_o ground_n better_o which_o be_v do_v it_o will_v be_v proper_a enough_o to_o rub_v down_o the_o tree_n in_o a_o wet_a day_n with_o a_o hair_n cloth_n tree_n likewise_o be_v sometime_o bark-bound_a especial_o such_o the_o grain_n of_o who_o bark_n run_v round_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o in_o cherry-tree_n and_o not_o straight_o upward_o according_a to_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o in_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o bark_n be_v not_o general_o as_o i_o suppose_v nourish_v by_o apposition_n of_o a_o new_a rind_n to_o it_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o by_o interposition_n of_o particle_n amid_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o rind_n already_o make_v which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o hard_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v other_o particle_n for_o its_o enlargement_n there_o can_v be_v no_o new_a addition_n of_o a_o new_a coat_n of_o wood_n which_o ought_v to_o accrue_v every_o year_n to_o the_o tree_n for_o there_o will_v be_v no_o space_n wherein_o the_o sap_n may_v ascend_v which_o be_v to_o be_v harden_v into_o such_o new_a wood_n unless_o by_o rent_v the_o whole_a coat_n of_o bark_n which_o sometime_o happen_v the_o remedy_n for_o this_o disease_n both_o in_o cherry-tree_n and_o other_o tree_n those_o chief_o who_o bark_n be_v harden_v and_o gro●n_v crusty_a by_o long_o stand_v in_o shadowy_a place_n or_o 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you_o see_v what_o manner_n of_o flower_n they_o will_v bear_v many_o of_o they_o be_v thus_o order_v if_o your_o mould_n be_v fine_a loose_a and_o fresh_a not_o stony_a clayish_a or_o from_o a_o middin_fw-mi will_v bear_v flower_n the_o second_o year_n after_o the_o sow_v and_o most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o the_o three_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v frêe_v from_o smoke_n and_o other_o annoyance_n nay_o mr._n austen_n of_o wadham_n coll._n a_o skilful_a florist_n assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v have_v anemone_n from_o the_o seed_n sow_v in_o summer_n that_o be_v in_o flower_n within_o ten_o month_n of_o the_o time_n of_o their_o sow_v n._n 3._o clovergrasse_n be_v esteem_v as_o great_a a_o improvement_n as_o any_o our_o ground_n be_v capable_a of_o i_o shall_v add_v such_o special_a direction_n as_o be_v give_v for_o the_o order_n thereof_o sir_n richard_n weston_n observation_n and_o rule_n be_v as_o fallow_v clovergrasse-seed_n thrive_v best_a when_o you_o sow_v it_o in_o the_o worst_a and_o barren_a ground_n such_o as_o our_o worst_a heath_n ground_n in_o england_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v for_o seed_n first_o pare_v of_o the_o heath_n then_o make_v the_o pare_n into_o little_a hill_n you_o may_v put_v to_o one_o hill_n as_o much_o pare_n as_o come_v off_o from_o a_o rod_n or_o pole_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o square_a of_o sixteen_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o hill_n be_v sufficient_o make_v and_o prepare_v as_o they_o do_v in_o devonshire_v as_o we_o call_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fire_v and_o burn_v into_o ash_n and_o unto_o the_o ash_n of_o every_o hill_n you_o must_v put_v a_o peck_n of_o unslake_a lime_n the_o lime_n be_v to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o the_o ash_n and_o so_o to_o stand_v till_o rain_n come_v and_o slake_v the_o lime_n after_o that_o mingle_v your_o ash_n and_o lime_n together_o and_o so_o spread_v it_o over_o your_o land_n this_o do_v either_o against_o or_o short_o after_o rain_n plough_n and_o sow_v plough_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n deep_a and_o not_o in_o furrow_n but_o as_o plain_a as_o you_o can_v and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o harrow_v afterward_o and_o that_o with_o bush_n under_o your_o harrow_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v you_o may_v sow_v your_o seed_n a_o acre_n of_o ground_n will_v take_v about_o ten_o pound_n of_o clover-grasse-seed_n which_o be_v in_o measure_n somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o peck_n the_o chief_a season_n for_o sow_v it_o be_v april_n or_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march._n about_o the_o five_o of_o june_n it_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o be_v cut_v it_o yield_v excellent_a hay_n the_o time_n of_o cut_v it_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o know_v by_o observe_v when_o it_o begin_v to_o knot_n for_o that_o be_v the_o time_n and_o ere_o the_o year_n be_v do_v it_o will_v yield_v you_o three_o of_o those_o crop_n all_o of_o they_o very_o good_a hay_n and_o after_o you_o have_v thus_o cut_v it_o the_o three_o time_n you_o may_v then_o feed_v the_o ground_n with_o cattle_n all_o the_o winter_n as_o you_o do_v other_o ground_n but_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o preserve_v seed_n then_o must_v you_o expect_v but_o two_o crop_n that_o year_n and_o you_o must_v cut_v the_o first_o according_a to_o the_o foresay_a direction_n but_o the_o second_o growth_n must_v be_v let_v stand_v till_o the_o seed_n of_o it_o be_v come_v to_o a_o full_a and_o dead_a ripeness_n and_o then_o must_v you_o cut_v it_o and_o thresh_v the_o top_n and_o so_o preserve_v the_o seed_n you_o shall_v have_v at_o least_o five_o bushel_n of_o seed_n from_o every_o acre_n this_o seed_n thus_o thresh_v off_o there_o will_v be_v leave_v long_a stalk_n these_o your_o cattle_n will_v eat_v but_o when_o they_o grow_v old_a and_o hard_a you_o be_v to_o boil_v those_o stalk_n and_o make_v a_o mash_n of_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o nourish_v either_o for_o hog_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o eat_v thereof_o after_o the_o second_o cut_v for_o seed_n you_o must_v cut_v that_o year_n 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5_o day_n and_o night_n than_o they_o spread_v it_o on_o the_o grass_n that_o it_o may_v dry_v turn_v it_o every_o 3_o day_n and_o when_o it_o be_v full_o dry_v they_o lay_v it_o up_o and_o house_n it_o and_o when_o they_o see_v their_o occasion_n they_o use_v their_o brake_n and_o crack_n instrument_n devise_v for_o the_o purpose_n to_o bring_v the_o tow_n from_o the_o flax._fw-la the_o whole_a government_n and_o husbandry_n of_o hemp_n from_o the_o seed_n to_o the_o distaff_n be_v so_o like_o this_o of_o flax_n that_o the_o same_o example_n and_o rule_n may_v very_o well_o serve_v for_o both_o woad_n according_a to_o mr._n bliths_n direction_n be_v
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stem_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o mother-plant_a or_o slip_v by_o example_n and_o rule_n for_o particular_a direction_n for_o example_n i_o shall_v choose_v to_o instance_n in_o gillyflower_n or_o carnation_n for_o which_o flower_n observe_v this_o order_n seek_v out_o from_o the_o stem_n such_o shoot_v only_o as_o be_v reasonable_a strong_a but_o yet_o young_a and_o not_o either_o too_o small_a or_o slender_a or_o have_v any_o second_o shoot_v from_o the_o joint_n of_o they_o or_o run_v up_o into_o a_o spindle_n cut_v these_o slip_n off_o from_o the_o stem_n or_o root_n with_o a_o knife_n either_o close_o to_o the_o main_a branch_n if_o it_o be_v short_a or_o leave_v a_o joint_n or_o two_o behind_o if_o it_o be_v long_o enough_o at_o which_o it_o may_v shoot_v anew_o when_o you_o have_v cut_v off_o your_o slip_n you_o may_v either_o set_v they_o by_o and_o by_o or_o else_o as_o the_o best_a gardiner_n use_n to_o do_v cast_v they_o into_o a_o tub_n of_o water_n for_o a_o day_n or_o two_o then_o in_o a_o bed_n of_o rich_a and_o fine_a mould_n first_o cut_v off_o your_o slip_n close_o at_o the_o joint_n and_o have_v cut_v away_o the_o low_a leaf_n close_o to_o the_o stalk_n and_o the_o uppermost_a even_o at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o little_a stick_n make_v a_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o put_v your_o slip_n therein_o so_o deep_a that_o the_o upper_a lease_n may_v be_v whole_o above_o the_o ground_n some_o use_n to_o cleave_v the_o stalk_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o put_v a_o little_a earth_n or_o clay_n or_o chickweed_n which_o we_o more_o use_v within_o the_o cleave_v this_o be_v mr._n hill_n way_n in_o sir_n hugh_n plat_v but_o many_o good_a and_o skilful_a gardiner_n do_v not_o use_v it_o then_o close_a the_o ground_n unto_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o plant_n as_o for_o the_o time_n if_o you_o slip_v and_o set_v they_o in_o september_n as_o many_o use_n to_o do_v or_o yet_o in_o august_n as_o some_o may_v think_v will_v do_v well_o yet_o unless_o they_o be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a sort_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o grow_v at_o any_o time_n and_o in_o any_o place_n the_o most_o of_o they_o if_o not_o all_o will_v either_o assure_o perish_v or_o never_o prosper_v well_o the_o season_n indeed_o be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n at_o further_a ferrarius_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 15._o say_v that_o from_o the_o month_n of_o february_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n viz_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o germination_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o slip_v this_o flower_n he_o neither_o will_v have_v they_o slip_v nor_o twist_v in_o the_o root_n nor_o barley_n put_v under_o they_o to_o raise_v adulterous_a fibre_n but_o only_o advise_v that_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o a_o joint_n the_o truth_n be_v both_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n be_v good_a season_n for_o make_v out_o root_n the_o latter_a require_v that_o the_o slip_n be_v so_o early_o set_v as_o that_o they_o may_v have_v time_n enough_o to_o take_v 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of_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o hole_n dig_v &_o to_o lay_v a_o load_n of_o such_o dirt_n as_o be_v find_v in_o street_n to_o the_o root_n upon_o the_o turf_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o rain_n may_v abide_v and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bank_n run_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o new_a set_a fruit-tree_n for_o wall-tree_n it_o be_v convenient_a the_o root_n be_v set_v at_o such_o distance_n from_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o they_o may_v have_v room_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o their_o root_n a_o foot_n be_v a_o convenient_a space_n general_o for_o then_o the_o head_n will_v without_o difficulty_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o root_n not_o be_v prejudice_v those_o wall-fruit_n that_o be_v set_v abroad_o as_o vine_n etc._n etc._n being-kept_a shear_v in_o their_o branch_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o climb_v become_v good_a bearer_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v set_v near_o the_o reflection_n of_o gravelwalk_n or_o upon_o other_o ground_n keep_v bare_a from_o weed_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n in_o general_a for_o increase_v of_o under_o wood_n mr._n blith_n way_n be_v general_o approve_v to_o cast_v up_o double_a dirche_n and_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o wood_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o quickset_a some_o sow_n seed_n on_o the_o bank_n in_o orderly_a row_n and_o set_v likewise_o on_o the_o top_n as_o well_o as_o both_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n the_o time_n be_v assoon_o as_o the_o leaf_n be_v fall_v in_o any_o wether_n or_o season_n the_o plant_n in_o a_o more_o sound_a ground_n be_v ash_n oak_n elm_n sycamore_n maples_n crab_n thorn_n in_o a_o more_o moist_a ground_n as_o a_o drain_v bog_n poplar_n willow_n sallow_a osier_n which_o grow_v by_o truncheon_n in_o which_o watery_a soil_n the_o way_n of_o raise_v ditch_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o neither_o willow_n sallow_a osier_n nor_o any_o other_o plant_n will_v grow_v in_o a_o bog_n without_o soundness_n of_o ground_n what_o plant_n grow_v by_o cut_n what_o by_o lay_v for_o the_o more_o ready_a thicken_n of_o wood_n may_v be_v see_v above_o in_o the_o proper_a chapter_n there_o be_v a_o story_n free_o defend_v and_o frequent_o both_o in_o discourse_n print_v and_o speak_v that_o the_o chip_n of_o elm_n be_v sow_v will_v grow_v but_o that_o be_v somewhat_o like_o kircher_n experiment_n beforementioned_a in_o the_o chapter_n of_o cut_n and_o not_o a_o whit_n more_o true_a otherwise_o to_o sow_v those_o chip_n will_v be_v a_o good_a profitable_a and_o frugal_a way_n for_o thicken_a wood_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o country_n man_n mistake_n for_o i_o suppose_v not_o that_o this_o error_n arise_v from_o philosopher_n i_o imagine_v to_o be_v this_o at_o the_o fell_n of_o great_a elm_n many_o chip_n must_v needs_o be_v scatter_v and_o fly_v round_o about_o the_o tree_n and_o be_v cover_v in_o grass_n thereabouts_o now_o the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o fall_n there_o arise_v general_o great_a number_n of_o sucker_n from_o the_o toots_n of_o the_o old_a tree_n which_o root_n must_v emit_v all_o the_o sap_n they_o gather_v up_o into_o these_o sucker_n the_o great_a trunk_n be_v remove_v and_o these_o sucker_n be_v easy_o mistake_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o chip_n because_o they_o always_o come_v upon_o the_o fell_n of_o elm_n where_o chip_n be_v find_v and_o grow_v at_o such_o distance_n as_o chip_n be_v ordinary_o scatter_v n._n 3._o whether_o any_o vegetable_n may_v be_v set_v so_o as_o to_o grow_v in_o the_o air._n there_o be_v a_o question_n now-adays_a frequent_o propose_v whether_o there_o be_v more_o soil_n then_o the_o ordinary_a turf_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n temper_v with_o some_o water_n soil_n be_v mean_v for_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o thing_n may_v be_v set_v to_o grow_v i_o need_v not_o speak_v much_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o water_n which_o by_o experiment_n relate_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v propagation_n by_o cut_n appear_v to_o have_v a_o property_n to_o elicit_v root_n and_o make_v they_o where_o they_o be_v not_o and_o nourish_v the_o plant_n by_o they_o after_o they_o be_v make_v to_o which_o i_o must_v add_v this_o circumstance_n not_o before_o mention_v that_o periwinkle_n and_o divers_a other_o continue_v their_o growth_n by_o this_o nourishment_n alone_o from_o year_n to_o year_n not_o die_v in_o the_o winter_n how_o long_o they_o may_v have_v continue_v i_o can_v assert_v for_o be_v absent_a this_o winter_n and_o no_o fire_n be_v keep_v near_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v so_o raryfy_v by_o the_o frost_n that_o the_o side_n can_v not_o contain_v it_o but_o be_v force_v asunder_o thereby_o and_o so_o the_o plant_n perish_v whereas_o otherwise_o they_o be_v set_v in_o a_o ●oom_n over_o my_o laboratory_n i_o question_v not_o have_v many_o of_o they_o continue_v till_o now_o some_o put_v forward_o that_o the_o air_n may_v have_v the_o faculty_n of_o nourish_v vegetable_n ascribe_v to_o it_o and_o no_o wonder_n when_o paracelsus_n make_v it_o a_o sufficient_a nourishment_n for_o man_n and_o bring_v instance_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o his_o assertion_n but_o i_o find_v that_o onion_n tulip_n and_o all_o bulbous_a root_n though_o they_o shoot_v out_o a_o green_a leaf_n yet_o do_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o growth_n be_v but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o part_n or_o some_o few_o of_o they_o to_o settle_v and_o gather_v in_o another_o place_n and_o another_o order_n or_o situation_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o for_o the_o onion_n particular_o have_v the_o thick_a cover_n of_o the_o bulb_n very_o much_o stretch_v out_o and_o each_o cover_n as_o it_o increase_v in_o length_n and_o breadth_n by_o rise_v into_o a_o leaf_n so_o the_o thickness_n considerable_a while_o it_o cover_v the_o bulb_n only_o decrease_v proportionable_o and_o be_v molden_a into_o a_o thin_a and_o more_o large_o extend_v vestment_n i_o have_v hang_v up_o divers_a sedum_n orpines_n tithymalls_n and_o other_o such_o plant_n which_o i_o imagine_v most_o likely_a to_o grow_v by_o the_o air_n only_o and_o to_o increase_v and_o be_v augment_v thereby_o and_o find_v that_o by_o all_o my_o endeavour_n though_o the_o plant_n grow_v well_o yet_o they_o always_o lose_v weight_n and_o never_o get_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n aloe_n likewise_o though_o be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n with_o a_o cloth_n dip_v in_o salad_n oil_n it_o send_v forth_o for_o many_o year_n new_a leaf_n yet_o it_o always_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o in_o weight_n till_o at_o last_o the_o old_a leaf_n fall_v off_o and_o new_a come_v up_o it_o grow_v to_o nothing_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o mean_n for_o the_o improvement_n and_o best_a culture_n of_o corn_n grass_n and_o other_o vegetable_n belong_v to_o husbandry_n and_o of_o the_o way_n for_o remove_v the_o several_a annoyance_n that_o usual_o hinder_v such_o advantage_n num._n 1._o of_o the_o annoyance_n to_o land_n and_o the_o impediment_n that_o usual_o distemper_v it_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o husbandman_n the_o impediment_n that_o with_o we_o hinder_v the_o husbandman_n from_o make_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o their_o ground_n be_v either_o the_o distemper_n of_o the_o ground_n itself_o or_o some_o evil_a accident_n that_o occasional_o happen_v thereto_o or_o to_o the_o vegetable_n grow_v thereon_o the_o distemper_n be_v general_o cause_v either_o by_o the_o abound_a of_o water_n above_o all_o other_o principle_n which_o cause_v coldness_n and_o a_o dropsical_a disposition_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o by_o the_o abound_a of_o a_o dry_a earth_n or_o mineral_n and_o the_o want_n of_o moisture_n and_o saltness_n and_o that_o spirit_n which_o shall_v cause_v that_o motion_n in_o the_o insensible_a particle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o exciting_a the_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o so_o stir_v the_o ground_n that_o the_o several_a particle_n may_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o enter_v the_o body_n of_o vegetable_n fit_a for_o they_o the_o accident_n come_v by_o blast_a wind_n rapacious_a fowl_n vermine_n and_o weed_n fearn_n heath_n broom_n and_o other_o improfitable_a vegetable_n of_o these_o and_o the_o usual_a remedy_n against_o they_o somewhat_o and_o the_o best_a that_o at_o the_o present_a occur_v i_o shall_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n n._n 2._o of_o the_o remedy_n proper_a to_o cure_v the_o excessive_a coldness_n and_o moisture_n in_o land_n and_o the_o way_n of_o improvement_n thereby_o in_o ground_n subject_a to_o these_o distemper_n by_o drain_n pigeon_n and_o poultry_n dung_n urine_n soot_n ash_n horse_n and_o sheep_n dung_n of_o ground_n cold_a and_o dry_a and_o how_o these_o soyl_n may_v be_v applyable_a thereto_o bogginess_n and_o obstruction_n of_o spring_n more_o or_o less_o be_v general_o the_o cause_n of_o
or_o float_v as_o a_o help_n to_o boggy_a rushy_a quagmiry_a land_n i_o suppose_v no_o benefit_n but_o hurt_n will_v arise_v thereby_o to_o such_o land_n if_o these_o drain_n trench_n do_v not_o open_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o obstruct_a spring_n original_a cause_n of_o the_o bog_n or_o rushiness_fw-mi as_o well_o as_o let_v out_o the_o water_n new_o introduce_v by_o the_o float_a the_o time_n of_o the_o operation_n for_o this_o improvement_n must_v be_v when_o the_o grass_n be_v all_o off_o the_o ground_n for_o else_o the_o soil_n will_v stain_v it_o that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o flood_n often_o water_v be_v good_a but_o to_o keep_v it_o long_o in_o a_o place_n breed_v the_o rush_n by_o this_o very_a husbandry_n mr._n blithe_n bring_v precedent_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n from_o eighteen_o penny_n to_o thirty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o mr._n plat_v from_o one_o shilling_n to_o five_o pound_n another_o remedy_n for_o dry_a and_o light_a ground_n such_o as_o abound_v in_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v marl_n a_o earth_n most_o common_o slippery_a or_o greasy_a to_o the_o touch_n sometime_o blue_a sometime_o grey_a otherwhiles_o yellow_a now_o and_o then_o red_a always_o fryable_a so_o that_o it_o will_v slack_v after_o a_o shower_n and_o not_o grow_v afterward_o hard_a or_o crusty_a as_o clay_n do_v but_o easy_o resolve_v to_o a_o dust_n or_o powder_n it_o sadden_v land_n natural_o and_o so_o will_v turn_v rye_n land_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o wheat_n barley_n and_o pease_n and_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v use_v twice_o or_o thrice_o together_o without_o some_o other_o more_o rarify_n compost_n to_o intervene_v such_o as_o ordinary_a dung_n be_v if_o you_o lay_v it_o down_o from_o tillage_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o all_o marled_a land_n be_v first_o well_o dung_v chalk_v also_o i_o have_v see_v use_v with_o very_o good_a success_n in_o hampshire_n upon_o the_o down_n there_o which_o be_v of_o so_o dry_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o be_v grow_v proverbial_a there_o that_o their_o ground_n require_v a_o shower_n every_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o on_o the_o sunday_n two_o and_o mr._n blithe_n affirm_v that_o in_o hertfordshire_n by_o chalk_n the_o improvement_n be_v make_v on_o barren_a gravelly_a and_o flinty_a land_n mr._n blithe_n report_v thus_o of_o lime_n that_o it_o be_v a_o suitable_a soil_n for_o light_v sandy_a earth_n then_o for_o a_o warm_a gravel_n it_o be_v improper_a for_o a_o wet_a and_o cold_a gravel_n but_o for_o a_o cold_a hungry_a clay_n worst_a of_o all_o for_o say_v he_o lime_n be_v once_o slack_v and_o melt_v be_v of_o a_o cold_a nature_n and_o will_v sadden_fw-mi exceed_o contrary_v to_o its_o nature_n in_o the_o stone_n for_o it_o turn_v light_a land_n into_o such_o a_o capacity_n that_o it_o will_v bear_v exceed_o good_a lammas_n wheat_n or_o mix_v corn_n about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o quarter_n of_o lime_n serve_v a_o acre_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v over_o as_o under-limed_n after_o liming_n till_o not_o long_o but_o return_v to_o pasture_n num._n 4._o remedy_n for_o accidental_a annoyance_n and_o hindrance_n of_o improvement_n particular_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v fern_n heath_n ant-hill_n moss_n rush_n restharrow_n broom_n or_o any_o such_o weed_n or_o shrub_n that_o infect_v the_o ground_n whether_o lime_v of_o corn_n prevent_v blash_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o and_o brine_n in_o improvement_n concern_v mole_n and_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o or_o drown_v they_o a_o way_n of_o antipathy_n as_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n to_o the_o body_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o corruption_n mr._n blith_n way_n of_o preserve_a corn_n from_o crow_n rook_n etc._n etc._n when_o any_o land_n run_v to_o fearn_n heath_n or_o ant-hill_n mossiness_n rush_n coldness_n or_o any_o other_o weed_n or_o shrub_n as_o goss_n broom_n furz_n etc._n etc._n the_o most_o proper_a and_o improve_n remedy_n be_v to_o plough_v it_o 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they_o be_v set_v and_o the_o usual_a remedy_n be_v to_o enlarge_v the_o five_o incision_n proportionable_o by_o cut_v they_o deep_a with_o a_o knife_n or_o to_o steep_v ordinary_a bean_n in_o water_n and_o then_o drip_v off_o the_o outward_a coat_n of_o the_o bean_n to_o put_v it_o the_o end_n be_v take_v off_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o carnation_n which_o will_v keep_v the_o five_o lip_n together_o and_o preserve_v the_o flower_n from_o break_v nor_o will_v these_o hoop_n make_v of_o the_o coat_n of_o bean_n shrink_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o those_o make_v of_o the_o rind_n of_o willow_n slip_v off_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n usual_o do_v one_o bean_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o make_v two_o hoop_n for_o they_o need_v not_o be_v above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n num._n 7._o of_o improvement_n and_o melioration_n of_o divers_a salad_n herb_n by_o blanch_a or_o white_v from_o the_o french_a gardener_n and_o mr._n p_n observation_n the_o 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aslant_a like_o the_o ridge_n of_o a_o house_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o rain_n they_o will_v last_v a_o very_a long_a time_n without_o rot_v when_o you_o will_v have_v any_o of_o they_o for_o use_n begin_v at_o the_o last_o which_o you_o bury_v and_o take_v they_o as_o they_o come_v draw_v they_o out_o of_o the_o range_n and_o break_v off_o what_o you_o shall_v find_v rot_v upon_o the_o place_n or_o that_o which_o have_v contract_v any_o blackness_n from_o the_o dung_n before_o you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o basket_n for_o the_o kitchen_n a_o second_o manner_n of_o preserve_v it_o be_v to_o inter_v it_o as_o before_z in_o furrow_n of_o sand_n in_o the_o cellar_n place_v the_o root_n upmost_a lest_o the_o sand_n run_v in_o between_o the_o leaf_n and_o you_o find_v it_o in_o the_o dish_n when_o they_o serve_v it_o you_o need_v not_o here_o bestow_v any_o dung_n upon_o they_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o sand_n cover_v the_o plant_n four_o finger_n high_a and_o when_o you_o take_v it_o out_o for_o use_n before_o you_o dress_v it_o shake_v it_o well_o the_o root_n upmost_a that_o all_o the_o sand_n may_v fall_v out_o from_o the_o leave_n take_v they_o likewise_o as_o they_o happen_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o range_v his_o direction_n for_o blanch_a endive_n be_v that_o you_o cover_v it_o only_o with_o reasenable_a warm_a dung_n and_o draw_v it_o out_o at_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o frost_n that_o you_o keep_v it_o under_o sand_n in_o your_o cellar_n as_o you_o do_v other_o root_n but_o first_o it_o must_v be_v almost_o white_a of_o itself_o the_o whiting_n of_o endive_n mr._n parkinson_n commend_v when_o do_v in_o another_o manner_n after_o say_v he_o that_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o some_o reasonable_a greatness_n but_o in_o any_o case_n before_o they_o shoot_v out_o a_o stalk_n in_o the_o midst_n for_o seed_n take_v they_o up_o and_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v away_o lay_v they_o to_o wither_v for_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n and_o then_o bury_v they_o in_o the_o sand_n so_o as_o none_o of_o they_o may_v lie_v one_o upon_o another_o or_o if_o you_o can_v touch_v one_o another_o which_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v change_v whitish_a and_o thereby_o become_v very_o tender_a and_o be_v a_o salad_n for_o autumn_n and_o winter_n fennel_n be_v white_v by_o some_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o the_o same_o use_n to_o procure_v the_o chard_n of_o the_o artichoke_n which_o be_v that_o which_o grow_v from_o the_o root_n of_o old_a plant_n you_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o old_a stem_n which_o you_o do_v not_o account_v of_o for_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o renew_v your_o whole_a plantation_n of_o the_o artichoke_n every_o five_o year_n because_o the_o plant_n impoverish_v the_o earth_n and_o produce_v but_o small_a fruit_n the_o first_o fruit_n gather_v you_o shall_v pare_v the_o plant_n within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o stem_n as_o low_o as_o you_o can_v possible_a and_o thus_o you_o will_v have_v lusty_a slip_n which_o grow_v about_o a_o yard_n high_a you_o shall_v bind_v up_o with_o a_o wreath_n of_o long_a straw_n but_o not_o too_o close_o and_o then_o environ_v they_o with_o dung_n to_o blanch_v they_o thus_o you_o may_v leave_v they_o till_o the_o great_a frost_n before_o you_o gather_v they_o and_o then_o reserve_v they_o for_o your_o use_n in_o some_o cellar_n or_o other_o place_n less_o cold_a n._n of_o acceleration_n and_o retardation_n of_o plant_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o germination_n and_o maturity_n acceleration_n of_o plant_n in_o their_o germination_n and_o maturity_n be_v rank_v by_o the_o lord_n verulam_n among_o the_o magnalia_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o be_v a_o operation_n that_o
the_o soil_n but_o these_o if_o any_o graft_n or_o shall_v with_o toil_n transplant_v and_o then_o in_o cultured_a furrow_n set_v their_o wild_a disposition_n they_o forget_v by_o frequent_a culture_n they_o not_o slow_o will_v answer_v thy_o labour_n and_o obey_v thy_o skill_n so_o they_o that_o spring_v from_o poots_n like_o profit_n yield_v if_o you_o transplant_v they_o to_o the_o open_a field_n which_o now_o the_o bough_n of_o th'mother-plant_a do_v shade_n and_o th'off-sets_a stop_v her_o growth_n and_o make_v she_o fade_v the_o seed_n of_o wild_a cichory_n that_o grow_v every_o where_n in_o the_o field_n be_v sow_v in_o rich_a garden-soyl_n be_v so_o improve_v that_o we_o esteem_v it_o ordinary_o another_o plant_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o garden-cichory_a though_o indeed_o they_o be_v the_o same_o but_o beside_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o distance_n there_o may_v be_v some_o advantage_n to_o field-plant_n by_o change_v the_o seed_n by_o which_o action_n the_o fermentation_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v augment_v in_o the_o ground_n now_o these_o change_n be_v either_o from_o one_o kind_n to_o another_o as_o from_o wheat_n and_o barley_n to_o bean_n and_o pease_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a husbandry_n of_o common_a field_n or_o in_o the_o same_o seed_n of_o the_o former_a way_n virgil_n give_v this_o precept_n ibi_fw-la flava_fw-la seres_fw-fr mutato_fw-la sidere_fw-la farra_fw-la vnde_fw-la prius_fw-la laetum_fw-la siliqua_fw-la quassante_fw-la legumen_n aut_fw-la tenues_fw-la faetus_fw-la viciae_fw-la tristisque_fw-la lupini_fw-la sustuleris_fw-la fragiles_fw-la calamos_fw-la sylvamque_fw-la sonantem_fw-la georg._n 1._o by_o mr._n ogilby_n thus_o render_v there_o change_v season_n thou_o shall_v barley_n sow_v where_o pleafant_n pulse_n with_o dangle_a cod_n do_v grow_v where_o brittle_a stalk_n of_o bitter_a lupin_n stand_v or_o slender_a vetch_n in_o a_o murmur_a wood._n of_o change_v the_o seed_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n beside_o field_n corn_n which_o be_v general_o change_v every_o three_o season_n at_o the_o far_a example_n may_v be_v have_v in_o carnation_n and_o gillyflower_n the_o seed_n of_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o best_a flower_n be_v much_o meliorate_v by_o alternation_n and_o change_n of_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v like_o this_o experiment_n may_v hold_v in_o the_o seed_n of_o other_o flower_n another_o experiment_n be_v the_o exossation_n of_o fruit_n or_o cause_v it_o to_o grow_v without_o stone_n or_o core_n for_o which_o effect_n the_o graft_n of_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o cyon_n downward_o have_v be_v assert_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a way_n that_o the_o cyon_n so_o graft_v will_v grow_v i_o have_v experience_n but_o whether_o in_o time_n they_o will_v produce_v the_o forementioned_a effect_n i_o great_o doubt_v and_o if_o they_o shall_v i_o much_o mistrust_v their_o expectation_n will_v not_o be_v answer_v that_o intend_a melioration_n thereby_o for_o the_o fruit_n certain_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o natural_a seed_n will_v be_v very_o much_o dispirited_a and_o loose_v the_o generosity_n and_o nobleness_n of_o its_o nature_n as_o animal_n do_v and_o as_o vegetable_n sometime_o as_o particular_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o barberry_n for_o i_o have_v see_v a_o tree_n that_o bear_v every_o year_n on_o most_o bunch_n two_o sort_n of_o barberry_n the_o one_o full_a and_o of_o a_o deep_a red_a the_o other_o of_o a_o pale_a colour_n and_o thin_a substance_n and_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n i_o find_v the_o former_a to_o have_v stone_n in_o they_o and_o the_o latter_a destitute_a which_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v thereby_o emasculate_v n._n 9_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o treatise_n with_o one_o or_o two_o choice_a observation_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o good_a providence_n of_o god_n which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o admirable_a make_v of_o vegetable_n and_o fitness_n to_o their_o end_n which_o be_v not_o general_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o be_v with_o many_o more_o oversee_v by_o man_n busy_a in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o heathen_a that_o they_o do_v not_o rise_v in_o their_o mind_n from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o consider_v how_o such_o lineament_n can_v be_v make_v and_o to_o glorify_v thereby_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o maker_n the_o particular_n be_v infinite_a that_o ordinary_o to_o a_o man_n exercise_v in_o thing_n and_o thought_n suggest_v themselves_o to_o avouch_v providence_n and_o consute_n the_o vanity_n of_o the_o old_a epicurean_o in_o the_o simple_a of_o their_o tenet_n concern_v the_o frame_n of_o this_o world_n of_o thing_n by_o a_o casual_a concurrence_n of_o small_a mote_n intricate_v in_o their_o motion_n by_o mere_a chance_n into_o such_o beautiful_a body_n it_o be_v no_o unusual_a theme_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o admirable_a handsomeness_n and_o beauty_n in_o the_o composure_n of_o divers_a vegetable_n and_o to_o show_v how_o nature_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o they_o and_o characterise_v out_o such_o variety_n of_o elegant_a figure_n that_o every_o plant_n shall_v seem_v to_o have_v more_o of_o mathematical_a art_n than_o the_o knot_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v and_o it_o be_v general_o note_v that_o god_n providence_n be_v exceed_o good_a in_o appoint_v nature_n and_o make_v it_o her_o end_n to_o continue_v some_o individual_a be_v of_o every_o species_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o kind_n that_o likewise_o the_o same_o providence_n have_v approve_v to_o its_o self_n a_o most_o excellent_a wisdom_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o most_o certain_a mean_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o this_o end_n it_o have_v be_v i_o and_o may_v be_v a_o easy_a consideration_n to_o any_o other_o for_o what_o other_o end_n think_v i_o be_v there_o so_o many_o coat_n and_o such_o cotton_n vestment_n to_o seed_n but_o to_o defend_v their_o tenderness_n why_o such_o hard_a stone_n to_o other_o but_o to_o hinder_v their_o premature_n spring_v whereby_o the_o coldness_n of_o winter_n will_v kill_v as_o in_o aprecot_n peach_n nectarine_n etc._n etc._n their_o tender_a seedling_n why_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o wood_n cover_v with_o moss_n but_o that_o nature_n intend_v it_o as_o a_o preservation_n to_o seed_n fall_v upon_o the_o turf_n in_o the_o violence_n of_o winter_n frost_n why_o have_v nature_n beset_v shrub_n with_o prickle_n but_o to_o defend_v the_o tender_a bud_n in_o which_o the_o hope_n of_o future_a growth_n be_v repose_v from_o the_o browse_n of_o cattle_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o providence_n in_o it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v from_o hence_o because_o those_o shrub_n which_o be_v not_o all_o over_o thorny_a have_v a_o guard_n of_o thorn_n direct_o upon_o the_o bud_n &_o not_o else_o where_o as_o if_o singular_o intend_v for_o its_o security_n so_o it_o be_v see_v in_o the_o gooseberry_n hawthorne_n barbary_n locust_n all_o rose_n wild_a and_o cultivate_v that_o be_v not_o all_o over_o thorny_a so_o that_o the_o thorn_n be_v not_o useless_a excrescency_n as_o some_o have_v suppose_v but_o as_o profitable_a as_o bough_n or_o leaf_n why_o have_v those_o plant_n that_o bear_v no_o seed_n with_o we_o as_o poplar_n and_o willow_n in_o every_o bough_n of_o any_o bigness_n a_o propensity_n of_o send_v forth_o root_n by_o the_o occasion_n of_o which_o each_o branch_n be_v make_v a_o entire_a tree_n or_o plant_n or_o if_o that_o faculty_n be_v want_v why_o then_o be_v there_o so_o great_a disposition_n and_o forwardness_n to_o propagate_v themelve_n by_o off-sets_a as_o in_o the_o elm_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o off-sets_a as_o in_o mushroom_n wherefore_o else_o have_v nature_n make_v the_o plant_n propagable_a by_o the_o small_a of_o their_o shred_n and_o inconsiderable_a part_n why_o else_o be_v the_o indian_a fig_n that_o have_v no_o stalk_n propagable_a by_o its_o leaf_n alone_o why_o have_v plant_n such_o a_o eagerness_n to_o flower_n and_o seed_n and_o such_o a_o impatience_n of_o be_v disappoint_v if_o you_o pull_v off_o the_o bud_n of_o the_o rose_n it_o will_v spring_v again_o and_o not_o only_o the_o rose_n but_o most_o other_o fruit_n and_o flower_n have_v the_o same_o desire_n to_o produce_v their_o seed_n and_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o artist_n to_o make_v hence_o rule_v of_o retardation_n why_o do_v the_o seed_n stick_v close_o to_o the_o pedal_n by_o which_o they_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stock_n until_o they_o be_v mature_a and_o fit_a for_o propagation_n and_o then_o fall_v off_o in_o the_o most_o fit_a season_n for_o due_a preparation_n to_o future_a growth_n why_o do_v those_o plant_n that_o usual_o die_v every_o year_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v disappoint_v of_o run_v to_o seed_n continue_v to_o survive_v many_o year_n even_o so_o long_o till_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o