shed their leaves and leave the cods standing upon the root till the end of October vâ—z so long as you may for the danger of frost then cut off the stems with the cods upon them stick them upright in some dry place in an upper roome and so let them rest untill the Spring then sow them Your Carnation seed will prove faire large pink and beare in Carnation time by S. 54. Your Coleflower seed will not ripen till Michaelmas or a week after let it stand so long or longer if you feare not frost before you gather the seeds which grow in yellow cups and being ripe are also yellow themselves Be sure you gather the cups before the seedes be shed put these seeds with their cups or cods in a box but cover not the box and keep the box in some place from the frost prick them in about the full of the Moon in Aprill when cold weather is spent remove them when they have gotten four leaves and in the full of the Moon in any case Remove some of them in severall moneths and so you may save them growing with Coleflowers till Christmas Your ground cannot be too rich for them the best removing is not till June and July and those of least growth are best to remove late to bear in Winter Cover each Coleflower in frosty weather every night with two of their great leaves fastned in two places with two woodden pricks Do this also in cold gloomy dayes when the sun shineth not 55. Graft the branches of Carnations the splicing way as in small twigges of Trees placing upon each branch a severall coloured flower but let the branches which you graft be wooddy enough By S. 56. Cause large Carnation pot to be made viz. double in bignesse to the usuall pots let them have ranks of sloping holes of the bignesse of ones finger each rank one inch distant from another Set in the midst of the pot a Carnation or a Lilly and in every of the holes a plant of thyme or hysop keep the thyme or hysop as it groweth even with clipping or in the forme of frets or borders and set these pots upon faire pillars in your Garden to make a beautifull shew Also you may either of stone or wood make Pyramides losinges circles pentagons or any forme of beast or fowle in wood or burnt clay full of slope holes as before in Gilliflower pots these being planted with hearbes will very speedily grow greene according to the forme they are planted in And in this manner may you in two yeares space make a high pyramid of thyme or rosemary In hot weather they would be shaded with some strained canvas from the sun * and watered now and then by some artificiall meanes Also a fret or border may be cut out in wood or lead and after placed in a Garden when the hysope or thyme sides are growne to some height to be let thorough the cuts and alwayes after kept by clipping according to the worke of the border or fret let the earth settle well before you sow your seeds water with an infusion of dung or good earth because otherwise the earth within your molds will spend and then your plants will decay 57. Sow English Annis seeds when the Moon is at the full in February or any time between the full and the change if frosts will not suffer you to take the full Moon hatch them into the ground with a rake stricken thick upon them then strew new hors-dung thinly upon the ground to defend the seedes from the frost These will ripen about Bartholomewtide then respecting the Moon as before sow againe and these seeds will be ripe sooner then those which were sowen in February These seeds will also come up well being self-sowen only break up the ground about them when they begin to ripen That ground which you would sow in February breake up about Michaelmas let it lye and crumble all the Winter then when you meane to sow stir it up againe that it may be mellow for the mellower the better A black rich mellow ground is best and they like well in a rich dunged ground Proved by S. 58. Having well earthed your Artichocks then strew upon them some fresh hors-dung one inch in thicknesse and so leave them all the winter By 23. 56. 59. Sow Onion seeds in February within eight dayes after the full at the farthest but the neerer the full the better so all will go to seed or head and not grow to scallions after you have sowed them cover them as you did your Annis seeds before in Num. 57. By S. 60. Sow the early Pease as neer Midsommer as the Moon will suffer if you would have them come about six weekes after Michaelmas but if you would have them ripe in May then sow them in the beginning of September somewhat before or after as the Moon will give you leave at the full is good or three dayes before the full and till eight dayes after the full is also good these will be ripe in May Make your holes about one inch and a halfe deepe wherein you set your pease let the ground be rich mellow and ordered as before numb. 57. in Annis seeds beare them up with stickes as they doe the Gardenpease cover them after they be set with new hors-dung about halfe an inch thick all over and if you may possibly plant them so as that they may be defended from the North and Northeast by reason of some hedge or wall Quaere of covering them with un sleakt lime powdered after they have been steeped in some apt liquor a convenient time by S. 61. Sow Coliander seeds in February respecting the Moon as in Annis seedes Num 57 but they need no dunging By S. 62. In Aprill make a deep overthwart cut or gash into a Briony root taking away the earth first from it put in a Goos-quill a little under the slit sloping the quill at the end which you thrust into the root but first make a hole with your knife to get in the quill and so you may gather great store of the water of Briony placing a Receiver under the quill By S. 63. Quaere If one may not prevent the early budding of the Rose by crosshacking the bark as in trees to kill mosse or to stay their sap from rising 65. You may multiply many rootes from a province rose and the double musk-rose quaere of Carnations if you buy a grafted rose tree that hath gotten many sprowts from the place graffed and setting the root so as the body may lye sloping neer the earth then lay as many of the branches as you may conveniently into the earth loosing every slip a little from the body and pricking with an aule about the joynt that is next the slip from whence many sprowts will issue And thus may you have great store
also a part of every great arme that groweth next the tree Note that in seven years the Tree will bee bark-bound and so mossie again as at the first and therefore once in seven yeares you must renew this work By S. 131. But if your tree bear not because it was planted too deepe at the first then take away the earth from the body of the tree and a little below the uppermost face of the ground prick the body of the Tree clean thorough the bark full of holes with a pretty round aule or bodkin of a reasonable bredth Then cover the body with earth and divers new roots will issue to make the same fruitfull 132. And if your Tree beare not well by reason that all the sap runneth into leaves which is a common fault in divers Orchards then to check the sap cut off all the young roots that grow about the master roots and crosse hack the body under the ground and likewise the maine roots as before Num. 131. to avoid mosie and cover the Tree with earth againe for by this meanes the sap is kept from rising up too plentifully By S. 133. All barrennesse or unfruitfulnesse in Trees doth for the most part arise either by reason of their mossinesse whose cure is set downe before in Numb. 131. or because they are bark-bound whose remedy is also in Numb. 130. or because they were planted too deepe whose remedy is in Num. 132. or by reason that the sap which should turne into fruit runneth together or for the most part into leaves and this is remedied also in Numb. 133. 134. Gather not your Pippins till the full Moon after Michaelmas so may you keepe them a whole yeare without shrinking and so of the grapes and all other fruits so of Onion seeds Annis seeds and other seeds which you would keepe full and plump By S. 135. Let your tree whereon you graft be more forward then the cions viz let it either have bigger buds then the cions hath or small leaves but the cions is best that hath onely red buds and no leaves 136. I have seen Cherriesgrow in clusters like Filberts viz. 2 3 4 and 5. upon one stalk Cuaere if it be not performed in this manner Joyne 2 3 4 or 5. leaves with the buds in one flit together by way of incoulation and so leave them Here I will conclude with a conceit of that delicate Knight Sir Francis Carew who for the better accomplishment of his Royall entertainment of our late Queen of happy memory at his house at Beddington led her Majesty to a Cherry tree whose fruit he had of purpose kept back from ripening at the least one moneth after all Cherries had taken their farewell of England This secret he performed by straining a Tent or cover of canvas over the whole tree and wetting the same now and then with a scoope or horne as the heat of the weather required and so by with-holding the sun-beames from reflecting upon the berries they grew both great and were very long before they had gotten their perfect cherry colour and when he was assured of her Majesties comming he removed the Tent and a few sunny dayes brought them to their full maturity A Philosophicall Garden with a touch at the vegetable work in Physick whose principall fire is the Stomach of the Ostrich FIrst pave a square plot with brick and if it be covered with plaister of Paris it is so much the better making up sides of brick also plaistered likewise let this be of a convenient depth fill it with the best vegetable ♄ which you can get that hath stood two yeares or one at the least quite within his owne Spheare make contrition of the same and be sure to avoid all obstructions imbibe it with Aqua coelestis in a true proportion grind it once a day till it be dry being dry let it stand two or three days without any imbibition yt it may the better attract from all the heavenly influence continuing then also a Philosophical contrition every day this grinding must also be used in the vegetable work where the ☿ of hearbs is used instead of aqua coelestis during all the time of preparation then plant what rare flowers fruits or seeds you please therein And if my Theory of Nature deceive me not this ♄ so enriched from the heavens without the help of any manner of soyl marle or compost after one years revolution will make the same to flourish and fructifie in a strange and admirable manner yea I am perswaded that it will receive an Indian plant and make all vegetables to prosper in the highest degree and to bear their fruits in England as naturally as they do in Spain Italy or elsewhere So likewise of that Walnut-tree planted within the limits of the aforesaid Abby which on St. Barnabias Eve standeth bare and naked without leaves and upon the day it self richly clothed with his green vesture I could remember many Philosophical plants in England were it not that the losse of Ripley's life that renowned Alchymist who suffered death as the secret report goeth for making a Pear-tree to fructifie in Winter did command an altum silentium in these matters but it was the denial of his medicine and not the crime of conjuration which was but colourably laid to his charge that wrought his overthrow Nay if the earth it self after it hath thus conceived from the clouds were then left to bring forth her own fruits and flowers in her own time and no seeds or plants placed therein by the hand of man it is held very probable unlesse for the sin of our first Parents begun in them and mightily increased in us the great God of Nature even Natura naturans should recall or suspend those fructifying blessings which at the first he conferred upon his coelestial Creatures that this heavenly earth so manured with the starres would bring forth such strange and glorious plants fruits and flowers as none of all the Herbarists that ever wrote till this day nor any other unlesse Adam himselfe were alive againe could either know or give true and proper names unto these most admirable simples Also in the work of fructification I think that Corn it self may be so philosophically prepared only by imbibition in the Philosophers aqua vitae that any barren ground so as it be in nature kindly for Corn shall bring forth a rich crop without any matter added to the ground and so with a small or no charge a man may sow yearly upon the same ground And he that knoweth how to lay his fallowes truely whereby they may become pregnant from the heavens and draw abundantly that coelestial and generative vertue into the Mataix of the earth this man no doubt will prove the true and philosophical Husbandman and goe beyond all the Countrey Coridons of the Land though never so well acquainted with Virgils Georgicks or with Master Bernhard Palisiy
gillyflowers to continue long growing 88 Stock when it is big enongh to be grafted on 110 Stock made to prosper 131 Stock to multiply 134 Stones when to set 70 Strawberries wild into gardens 38 Strawberries how to water 38 Strawberries early 64 Strawberries large 92 Suckers planted 111 Spinage when to sow 91 T Tast of a flower altered 71 138 Timber or tree togrow of any fashion 148 Trees old recovered 56 103 Trees coming of a branch 70 Tree to bush in the top 55 9 Trees to prosper 105 Tree from barking or canker 107 Tree at what depth to set 108 Trees to top 108 Tree bark-bound helped 31 Tree let into another 124 Tree how to transplant 134 143 Tree transplanted how it altereth 137 Tree-gum in Winter 140 Tree to grow tall 55 Tree made to root higher 141 162 Tree with a wreathed body 142 Tree-gum in Autumn 158 Tree to burnish 160 Tree barren to bear 143 Tulip to double 86 Turneps kept long 66 Turneps to grow large 35 V. Vine cutting to choose 35 Vine when to plant 35 Vine young when to proin 35 Vines old recovered 56 103 145 Vine to carry grapes long upon it 105 Vineyard how to keep 141 Vine bleeding helped 145 Vineyard to plant 54 W Walnut tree to plant 111 Walflowers how to plant 69 Wardens in what soyl 159 Warden agreeth not upon a white-thorn 110 Water philosophicall for gardens 167 Water artificiall for gardens 75 93 Wax artificiall for graffing 124 Weather ill to work in 109 White-thorn for what Cions 110 White-thorn stock at what bignesse to be graffed on 109 Woods speedy 106 Worms to kill 70 THE GARDEN OF EDEN OR A briefe Description of all sorts of Fruits Flowers with meanes how to advance their nature and growth in England I Shall not trouble the Reader with any curious rules for shaping and fashioning of a Garden or Orchard how long broad or high the Beds Hedges or Borders should be cōtrived For every man may dispose it as his House or quantity of ground requires And to deale freely I look on such work as things of more facility then what I now am about Every Drawer or Embroiderer nay almost each Dancing-Master may pretend to such niceties in regard they call for very small Invention lesse learning I shall therefore speake to that which common searchers passe over or never aymed at being somewhat above their reach who neglect the cause of what they find effected Yet I shall begin with the ground soile or earth it selfe as the Foundation of all still confessing what light or assistance I had from those who imployed their hours this way as well as my selfe 2. Break up your ground and dung it at Michaelmas In Januar. turn your ground three of four times to mingle your dnng and earth the better rooting up the weeds at every time Proved by Mr. T. T. 3 In winter time if you cover the ground which you meane to break up in the Spring with good store of Fern it keepeth down grass and weeds from springing up in winter which would spend some part of the heart of the ground and it doth also inrich the ground very much for all manner of Roots and hearbs By Mr. And. Hill Ashes of Fern are excellent 4. Quaere of enriching ground with Soot which Mr. Stutfield that married my Lord North's Brothers Daughter assured me to have found true in pasture grounds the same onely strewed thinly over 5. Shavings of Horn strewed upon the ground or first rotted in earth and after that earth spread upon the ground maketh a Garden ground very rich Probatum at Bishops Hall By H. P. 6. Onions Baysalt sowen together have prospered exceeding well 7. The surest way to have your seeds to grow is to sow such as are not above one year old T. T. 8. If hearbs be nipped with the fingers or clipped they will grow to have great heads T. T. 9. Chuse such seeds as be heavy white with in T. T. 10. Swines Pidgeons dung are good for potherbs and sifted ashes laid about them killeth Snails T. T. 11. If you would have Garlick parsnep radish turnep carot c. to have a large root tread down the tops often else the sap will run into the leaves T. T. 12. Take the cutting of a Vine from a branch that spreadeth most in the midst of the Tree and not from the lowest nor the highest branch having five or six joynts from the old stock and it would be a cubit long or more plant it in Octob. or March T. T. 13. Proine not your young Vines untill they have had three years growth T. T. 14. Every slip of a Bay tree will grow strip off the great leaves and set them in March when the sap beginneth to rise T. T. 15. Every plant of an Eldern will grow T. T. 16. First put some good fat dung into water and therein water your Leekes one night and make your beds of good fat dung that the dung may be a foot at the least in depth then cover the bed with Fern and set the Leekes with a great planting stick and fill not the holes with earth but water them once in two dayes and no more after this maner of setting I have seen Leekes as great as the stemme of a spade T. T. 17. Sow Lettice in August for Winter T. T. 18. After the Lettice is all blowen and some of the bolles begin to bear a white poff then cut off the whole great stem and lay it a drying in the sun and when it is dry beat it up and down with thy fist upon a boord put altogether in a dish blow away softly all the dust T. T. And if you sow or set your lettice in the shade they will be very great 19. When it hath bolles cut it up and lay all the hearb to dry in the shadow then beat it out T. T. 20. Strawberries which grow in woods prosper best in Gardens and if you will transplant them forth of one Garden into another then enrich the last ground by watering the same either with Sheeps dung or Pidgeons dung infused in water by Master Hill 21. The muske and yellow Rose and all those double and centiple Roses may well be grafted in the bud upon the Sweet-brier By Mr. Hill 22. If you would have Pompions to grow exceeding great first plant them in a rich mold then transplant those sets into other fat mold watring them now and then with the water wherein Pidgeons dung hath been infused then take away all the hang-bies maintaining only one or two main runners at the most and so you shall have them grow to an huge bignesse Proved by Mr. Hill You must nip off these side branches about blossoming time with their flowers and fruits and take heed you hurt not
out all worms from spoyling your plants and therefore are much better then leaves Note that you must defend them in this manner in the day time until your plants have gotten leaves broad enough to cover their stalks and roots from all injury of weather and then may you leave them to the hot Sun all the day long If there be cause you must with rain water water them now and then but not wetting the leaves And if by any exceeding cold or moysture your plants doe not shoot forward sufficiently but seem to stand at a stay then take some blood and pidgeons dung tempered as before in Num. 34. apply the same to the roots of the young plant leaving some earth betwixt the roots and the same will make them to shoot out very speedily Remember to plant three plants together ther in each place being round and a little deep and of the bignesse of a round trencher Now when they have shot out all their joynts which you shall perceive when you see a knot at the very end of the shoot which is somewhat before the flowring time then some do use to cover every knot or joynt with a spade or shovel full of fine and rich earth and thereby each knot will root and put forth a new shoote quaere of the same course in Pompions or Cowcumbers by means whereof you shall have great increase of Mellons When your Mellons are as big as Tennis Balls then if you nip off at a joynt all the shoots that are beyond them the Mellons will grow exceeding great for then the sap doth not run any more at waste But some hold that you shall have greater Mellons though not so many if you suffer their shoots to run on without earthing the knots and then when when you see your Mellons of the bigness of Tennis balls as before then nip off at a joynt all the shoots that are beyond the Mellons but meddle not with the chief runner This of Mr. Nicholson Gardiner Lay your young Mellons upon Ridge-tiles to keep them frō the ground and for reflection 36. Make a high bank slopewise like a penthouse that openeth to the Sun and is by some means defended from all hurtfull winds plant your Strawberries therein and water them with the infusion of some apt dung now and then when the weather is dry 37. Bow down the branches of Roses having buds upon them into a vessel of wood pitched standing within the ground to keep them long upon the stalk or to prevent frosts if you see cause 38. Quaere What Pigeons dung and bloud applyed to the rootes of Roses or Carnations will do in the forwarding of their bearing 39. Plant Roses according to the manner set down for Strawberries before Num 36. to have them before all others 40. Make a Lay of sand and a lay of carot rootes cutting away the toppes close to the root with some of the small ends of the carots do this in October or Novemb in dry weather and about the last of December where there is no frost unpack them againe and if you will then keep them longer you must pare off the shooting at the upper end of the root and then lay them in sand This out of Gardiners Kitchin-Garden printed 1599. So of Parsneps and Turneps 41. Quaere If binding the bark somewhat hard with a packthred or rather with Brawn-bands will not keep roses and other flowers and fruits long from blowing by staying the sap from rising 42. To have rootes prosper and grow great you must trench your dung about the depth of your root which you would sow and if the root once get into the dung then it forketh and gathereth fibras whereas otherwise it will grow wholly into a long round and fair root of Mr. Andr. Hill 43. But if you desire to multiply your seed not respecting the rootes then mix your dung first well rotted with good mold and therein sow your seeds and they will encrase much so as for seeds the dung must lye in the top and for roots in the bottom By Mr. Andr. Hill 43. Gather your carot or parsnep seeds c. from the highest spiring brances and out of some friends Garden where you may be sure of the best sow these seeds about March or April and at drawing time choose the fairest roots of all other cut off their tops somewhat low and set them againe and then let them feed the next yeare then take the seedes from the highest toppes and sow them and so shall you have most faire and large roots This of Master Hunt the good horseman 44. Take off the tops as far as the green goeth viz. till you come to the wood from Carnations Gilliflowers c. slit them upward thorough the nethermost joynt thrusting between the joyns some fine searced earth made first into pap and with the same pap close the ends round about as big as a Walnut make holes in your pots and put in your tops so earthed these do seldome or never faile By Minisris Hill Also the old root is here preserved and you may carry these tops thus earthed 100 miles in a box Quaere if this secret will not also extend to stock Gilliflowers Wall-flowers c. 45. Cut off a bought from any tree and two inches from the bottom take away the bark round about prick it into the ground and it will grow Quaere 46. In the end of February or March wet the ground first and about eight or nine of the clocke at night by candle-light gather up all the Wormes in dishes and so you may destroy them 47. A Rich mold for a Garden See among the Trees Numb 29. 48. Set or sow Kernells in November Nuts in February stones of fruit in March all in the increase of the Moon 49. Quaere Of graffing roses the splicing way and so of thyme rosemary hysope c. to be graffed in this manner either one upon another or graffing them upon the boughes or branches of trees if happily they will take 50. Whether the colour sent or tast may be altered in a Flower or Hearb by Art see the Title Trees and Plants numb 90. 51. Instead of privy hedges about a quarter I commend a Fence made with lath or sticks thinly placed and after graced with dwarf apple and plumme Trees spred abroad upon the stick 52. When you would have a strong and speedy White-thorne hedge about your garden set your plant high and sloping and not flat after the common manner Prick in the cuttings with the slope side downward that the rain may not get in between the Wood and the Bark Weed these hedges twice every yeare and as the sprowts doe grow of some length let them be platted or brayded upward from the ditch defend them from Cattell with a dry or dead hedge 53 Let Carnations or Gilliflowers
proined them according to the usuall all manner in March or Aprill and also the sap will then come purling out and soone cover the Wood whereby you shall avoid those blemishes in your trees which others procure by proining them in the Winter By Master Andr. Hill 100. Quaere what hearbs flowers or branches of trees may be grafted upon the bay or holly tree or any such tree as keepeth green to Winter to make them also carry green leave in Winter 101. Pare your ground with a shod shovell so often as any grasse or weedes begin to put forth both in your nursery and orchard and so shall you both keepe the ground mellow and the raine shall have better passage unto the roots of your trees By Masters Pointer who keepeth Coines in his Orchard onely to keepe downe the grasse low because otherwise it would be very chargeable Also in Vineyards the use is to turne up the grounds with a shallow Plough as often as any grasse offereth to spring but I thinke that prevention of graffe both in Orchard and Vineyard is much better if in were not too costly 102. Upon the Epiphany by reason of a great storme an Apple Tree that had not beene very fruitfull before was almost blowne up by the roots at Hackney and after with Ropes it was drawne upright and the what mounted and the Root covered with earth and that Tree the next Sommer bare an exceeding great burden of fruit 103. When your Apple Cornells are of two yeares growth then set a long straight stick by each of them winding the young stocke about the stick by little and little as it groweth and fastning it with bands under the stick and so it will grow in a wreathed form 104. Quaere If nipping off the new and tender tops about blossoming time will not make sommer fruit trees to blossome speedily or to enlarge the fruit 105. If an old Tree that is spent and hath done bearing be underpropped so as the body sink not and that the earth be after taken away from under all the roots and instead thereof good rich mold be conveyed into the void places that so an old tree will florish againe and beare fruit See before in Numb. 103. 106. The Lord Zouch in Winter in the yeare 1597 and Master And. Hill thinketh moist weather is best that the earth cleaving to the roots may be also removed with them the earth being fast bound with Fearn branches to the roots removed diverse apple trees damson trees c. being of thirty or forty years growth at Hackney the earth was digged in a good large compasse from the roots the roots little hurt holes were prepared for each tree before hand enriched with fresh and good earth and branches and tops taken off almost close to the trunk and they were planted again in the same hower wherein they were removed and the roots placed towards the same point of the compasse as they first grew He had a few damsons the first year and all put forth leaves at Michaelmas after anno 1598. 107. Blood laid at the roots of old Vines hath been commended for an excellent substance to harten them unto Mr. Andrew Hill 108. If you cut any Vines when the sap is up presently cover the place with good store of Turpentine and it will stay bleeding Proved by Mr. Melinus Some commend the straight binding of a packthred about the bark thereof some sear with a hot iron and drop hard wax presently upon it 109. By the opinion of some men if outlandish fruit Trees be planted in England they do strive to put forth blossoms and to bring fruit at the same time with us as they did in their naturall places unlesse the extremity of cold doe nippe or hinder them And this seemeth to them to be the reason why the Black thorne at Glassenbury Abbey did use to blossome at Christmas because happily the plant was brought from such a climat as where it did blossome at the same time of the year 110. If your Trees stand in wet grounds some doe advise to lay lime on the face of the ground to help the bearing of the trees 111. If whilst you maintaine some suckers to your stock because the stock is not yet so big as your arme your Cions doth not prosper to your mind then nip off the buds that grow upon the suckers now and then in the midst till your cions thrive according to your owne desire 112. In proining of your Fruit Trees or of any other shrub or plant bearing fruit you must alwayes have respect whether it beare his Fruit upon the first second or third yeares sprowt for you must never cut away all the bearing sprowts if you meane to have any Fruit As in Pippins the third yeares sprowt doth onely beare Fruit and in some other Fruit Trees onely the second yeares sprowts in Gooseberries the last years sprouts bear most by Mr. Andr. Hill 113. When your Trees are young you may bow them to what compass you will by binding them down with packthread to any circular form or other shape that pleaseth one best And by this means your Timber will growe fit for Ships Wheels c. whereby great waste of Timber in time would be avoided 114. Mix Cow-dung and Horse-dung well rotted with fine earth and Claret wine Lees of each a like quantity baring the roots of your Trees in Jan. February and March and then apply of this mixture to the roots of your Apricot Trees and so cover them with common earth by this means such Apricot Trees as never bare before have brought forth great store of fruit Prove this in other Trees This of Mr. Andr. Hill 115. Pears Wardens and Peaches delight in Clay grounds 116. When you plant any Tree presse not down the Roots together with laying earth confusedly upon them but extend every branch by it self and cover it loosly with earth according to that form wherein it did first growe By Mr. Colborn 117. Apricots like well in sandy ground 118. Some hold opinion that if one set the slips of an Apple Tree and so of divers other Trees that these will prove Dwarfe Trees And so of the Tree that beareth a white flower as big as a Rose called the Gelderland rose 119. From May to the end of July you may take off the bark from any bough of a Tree round about the bough foure inches deep if the bough be as large as a mans wrist or else a lesse depth will serve If the bough be lesse in compasse cover the bare place and somwhat above and below with loame well tempered with Horse dung binding downe the loame with hay and brawn ban ds upon the hay and so let it rest till about Alhallontide And then within two or three dayes of the first New Moon cut off the bough in the bare place
pots for carnations As before Num. 29. Birds beasts pyramides c. to grow speedily * See after in Num. 84. Delicate frets or borders The wood may be laid in some oyle colour Earth strengthned To sow Anniseeds in England Artichocks from frosts OnioÌ„ seeds ordered Early and late Pescods Colianders to sow Sap of Briony to gather Roses to beare late Roses and carnation multiplyed Good seeds to know Seeds to sprowt speedily Single flowers doubled Tulipee double Miseltoe to finde Missel child Grapes kept long See after in Num. 82 Flowers in Trees Stock-gilliflowers to continue To remove rooted plants Roses to bear twice Hedge and Arbour when to cut Early Peascods Gilderland roses Seeds full plump Radish spinage Piony and Flowerdeluce Seeds from devouring Grapes kept long Prove this in cheries clusters of raisins figs Strawberries large After in Num. 85. Watering artificiall Arbour aloft Musk-Mellon to prosper Roses late Store of Roses Flowers from frost Artichocks from frost Grapes kept Dogs and carst to the roots Rich ground Ground enriched Box tree pranted Bayes to plant Eldern to plant Ground enriched Poplar to grow Trees to bush in the top Cherries when to plant Quinces when to plant Hasels and pear trees when to plant Apple cornels set Plum-stones set Pineapple corness set Peach stones set Springs plants set Branches to root in the ground O'd tree or vine recodered Orchard of dwarf trees Early fruit Fruit growing long Blossoms froÌ„ frests Grapes growing long upon the Vine Plums and Cherries growing long Trees to prosper Apricots to prosper Speedy woods Branches to root Trees froÌ„ Barking or canker Rich mold for Ochard or Garden Depth for trees Procining Of trees Trees baakbound helped Ill weather for Orchard works Oak when not to be felled Bignesse of crabstock Bignesse of Pear stock and white thou ne Bignesse of wild chery stocks White plumstocks When a stock is to be graffed White thorn no stock for peare or warden good for a medlar Suckers planted Nuts set 1 Close well in the bottom 2 Time of grasting 3 Instrument to graft with 4 Losengewise 5 What to do when the bud taketh 6 The lowest bud maintained 7 A cherry upon a plum tree 8 Grafting compasses 9 Galy preserved in the stock 10 Gelly in the bud preserved 11 Bud to take no ayre 12 How to slit the bark 13 What buds are best 14 How to slit the bark 1 Grasting tocl 2 Splicing way 3. Cleaving he body 4. Low grafting 5 On which side to graft 6 How to have large Cherries 7 What cions is best 8 Cions put in close 9 The cions made the stock Uponwhat stock to graft to Quinces upon a Medlar 11 Bark when to slit 12 Prepasing the cions 13 When to graft deep 14 Grasting at Christmas 15 Graft bound with mosse 16 Closing the cions 17 Peach upon a plum stock 18 One â—ree let into another 19 Length of a cions 20 Artifiâ—iall wax to close with 21 How to carry a cions far 22 Upon large fruited stocks 23 Many Apricot Trees of one 24 Observation in stock 25 Heading of stocks and grafting after 26 When to cut down a cions Upon what stock to graft 27 Stocks when to graft 28 Stockss to prosper 29 Late grafting yet with advantage 30 When to graft a stock 31 Stocks so great cherriet 32 Store of stocks 33 Ground for a Nursery A rule for transplanting of Trees 34 Stocks stopped 35 Cions to beare quickly 36 The times of severall grafting 37 Plants upon trees 38 Fruit without stones and hidden with leaves 39 Apricot grafted 40 A large Medlar 41 A pippin upon what stock Why trees transplanted doe alter Colour sent or taste altered Graft between bark and tree How to lop To have green trees in winter Orchard ground to order Vineyard to order Tree rooted higher See after in 106. Wreathed bodies of trees Fruit enlarged Barren trees to beare Transplanting old trees Old Vines recovered Bleeding of Vines stayed Early fruits Wet Orchard helped The Cions to prosper True proining Timber to grow of any fashion Apricots to beare Peare Warden Peach in what ground How to use the roots in settings Apricot in what ground Dwarf trees Gelderland Rose Dwarf trees How to lop Elms. Sappiness to avoid Young trees to grow Delicate Quinces Peach and Apricot stones to set Sap of tree to gather Fair Apricots and Cherries To stay blossoming Green trees in Autumne Quaere if the Moon be here to be respected Bodies of trees to enlarge Bark-bound To kill Mosse A Tree to root higher Sap choaked Barren trees to beare Causes of barrenness in trees App'es without wrinckles Respect between the stock and cions Cherries in clusters
but wrung out of the earth by the painful hand of experience and having also given you a touch of Nature whom no man as yet ever durst send naked into the world without her veile and expecting by your good entertainment of these some encouragement for higher and deeper discoveries hereafter I leave you to the God of Nature from whom all the true light of Nature proceedeth H. P. Knight An Alphabeticall Table to the Book A. ANnis seeds to grow in England page 78 Apple cornels to set 101 Apple agreeth not with a pear-stock 120. notè contra 121 Apples kept without wrinkles 164 Apricot multiplied 127 Apricot which is best 136 Apricots fair 157 Apricots to bear well 148 Apricot stones to set 155 Apricots in what ground 146 Apricots to prosper 105 Arbour when to cut 90 Arbour aloft 94 Artichocks from frost 39 41 79 97 B. Barking to help 159 Barking of trees 107 Barly growing without earth 47 Barrenness in trees upon what cause and how helped 163 Bayes to plant 36 100 Beasts of hearbs to grow speedily 76 Birds of hearbs to grow speedily 76 Blossoms from frost 104 to stay blossoming 157 Borders of hearbs delicate 77 Box tree to plant 100 Branches to root 70 102 105 Briony sap to gather 62 C. Candying of growing flowers 42 Canker avoided 107 Carnations growing in winter 50 96 Carnations old and revived 52 Carnations how to set 69 Carnations plants to carry far 69 Carnations seed to gather 72 Carnations of divers kinds upon one root 75 Carnation pots of a stately fashion 49 50 Carnations to multiply 83 Carnations early 65 Carots kept long 66 Carots to grow large 35 67 Carots when to sow 68 Cats at the roots of trees 99 Cherries when to plant 101 Cherries growing long upon the tree 105 Cherry stock wilde of what bignesse to graft on 110 Cherry upon a plum stock 113 Cherries fair 157 Cherry to grow large 119 Cherries in clusters 265 Chestnut tree to plant 111 Cions how to chuse 119 Cions made the stock 120 Cions how to carry far 126 Cions to prosper 146 Cions and stock sutable 164 Coleflower seed to gather and plant 73 Coleflower to bear late 74 Coliander to sow 81 Colour of a flower altred 71 138 Cowcumbers to multiply 63 Crabstock at what bignesse to be grafted 109 D. Dogs at the tree roots 99 Dung for pot-herbs 35 Dwarf-trees 150 Dwarf-trees in an orchard 52 Depth for trees 108 E. Earth barren strengthned 77 Earth see Ground Eldern to plant 36 100 Elme no stock to graft on 120 Elme to lop truly 152 Early fruit 56 64 103 145 F. Fearn to enrich ground 33 Flower de luce of seed 91 Flowers to grow gilded 41 Flowers candied as they grow 42 Flowers to keep backward 66 67 or forward 64 65 Flowers to grow upon trees 71 67 Flowers grafted one upon another 71 Flowers single made double 85 Flowers from frost 96 Fruit early See Early Frets of hearbs in a delicate manner 77 Fruit hanging long upon the tree 104 Frut without stones 136 Frut hiden with leaves 136 167 G. Garden enriched philosophically Garden ground rich 70 Garden within doors 44 Garlick to grow large 35 Grafting in the bud with all the rules 111 Grafting in the cions with all the rules 117 Grafting how often in the yeere 135 Grafting between the bark and tree 139 Grapes kept long 67 92 97 Grapes growing long upon the Vine 105 Ground to temper 33 Ground enriched with Fearn 33 Ground enriched with soot 33 Ground enriched with horn 34 Ground enriched 99 100 Gilding of leaves and flowers growing 41 H. Hasels when to plant 101 Hedge of fruit trees for a garden 72 Hedge when to cut 90 Hedge of white-thorn how to use 72 Hearbs with great heads 34 Hearbs to grow upon trees 71 Hearbs grafted one upon another 71 Hops how to order 98 Horn to enrich ground 34 I. Inoculation witb all the rules thereof 111 K. Kernels when to set 70 L. Leaves growing gilded 41 Leeks to grow great 36 Lettice to sow 37 Lettice seeds to gather 37 Lettice to grow great 37 Lopping of trees for beauty 108 139 Lopping of trees for bearing 147 M. Medlar upon a white thorne 110 Medlar stock for a Quince 137 Mellons to grow great 63 Mellons to order 57 Musk-mellon to prosper 94 Mellons to multiply 63 Misseltoe to find 86 Misselchild 86 Mosse to kill 160 Mold rich for Orchard or Garden 33 99 N. Nursery what ground it requireth 134 Nuts when to set 70 Nuts set 111 O. Oake when not to be felled 109 Oake how to lop 152 Onions and Baysalt sowed together 34 Onions how to order 79 Orchard of dwarf-trees 52 103 Orchard ground how to keep 140 Orchard wet how to help 146 Orchard barren to bear 99 P. Parsnips kept long 66 Parsnips when to sow 68 Parsnips to grow large 35 68 Peaches in what ground 149 Peach stones to plant 102 155 Peach upon a plum-stock 123 Peare in what ground 149 Peare stocks of what bignesse to be grafted on 110 Peare not to be grafted upon a white thorn ibid. Pear tree when to plant 101 Pescods early and late 80 90 Pineapple when to set 102 Pinks of Carnations and in carnation time 72 Piony of the seeds 91 Pippen upon what stocks 137 Pyramides of hearbs to grow speedily 76 Plants when to set 102 Plants rooted how to remove without harm 88 Plums growing long upon the trees 105 Plum-stocks white of what bignesse to graft on 110 Plum agreeth not with a Cherry stock 113 Plum-stones when to set 101 Pompions to grow great 38 Pompions to multiplie 63 Poplar to grow 100 Pot-hearbs what dung they require 35 Pots for Carnations of a stately fashion 49 75 Proining of trees for beauty 108 Proyning of trees for bearing 147 Purslane seed to gather 37 Q. Quinces when to plant 101 Quince grafted upon Medlar 121 Quinces to grow delicate 155 R Radish 91 Radish to grow large 35 Roots when in their best strength 40 Roots to grow long and great 67 Roots old removed 88 Roots of trees how to be ordered in setting 149 Roses grafted upon what stocks 38 Rose musk to bear late 40 Roses growing in winter 50 Roses to bear late 65 82 Roses to defend from frost 65 Roses early 65 Roses late 66 82 95 Roses to multiply 83 Rose to bear twice in one yeer 89 Rose of Gelderland how to plant 90 S. Salt sowed with Onions 34 Sap in trees checked 162 Sappinesse in wood avoided 153 Sap of hearbs how to gather 82 Sap of trees how to gather 156 Seeds how old they may be 34 Seeds how to choose 34 84 Seeds to multiply 67 Seeds to sprout speedily 84 Seeds to grow full and plump 91 Seeds kept from Fowle 91 Sent of flower altered 71. 138 Snayles to kill 35 Soot to enrich ground 33 Spring when to set 102 Stock gilliflower made double 85 Stock and cions sutable 164 Stock gilliflowers how to plant 69 Stock
frosts and cold winds by streining of canvas water the pots with raine water put into other pannes wherein you may place these pots when you want raine 85. cut you Roses when they are ready to bud in an apt time of the Moon and they will begin to bud when other Roses have done bearing this is an excellent secret if frosts happen in budding time for so may you have store of Roses when others shall have few or none and may then be sold at a high rate This I proved the 18th of March 1606. being a few dayes after the change upon divers standards at Bednal-green being extreamely nipped with frosts in budding time and many of them did yeeld me great store of Roses when the rest of my Garden did in a manner fail 86. Cut your Rose-standards in the twelve dayes and not before so they will beare exceeding well Proved often by Garret the Apothecary and Pigot the Gardener 87. Towards Winter new earth your Gilliflowers Carnations and such other flowers as you would defend from the violence of Winter then whelme carnation pots that are bottomlesse upon them or having a great hole in the bottom and by this meanes neither the sharp windes nor the frost can easily pearce to their roots I hold this to be a good course for the defence of Artichokes in Winter 88. You may keep bunches of Grapes that are sound and well gathered in stone pots covering them carefully with sand TO choose ground for a Hop-Garden you must be sure it bee not a moorish or wet soyle though such perhaps may content a wild Hop but a dry ground if it be rich mellow and gentle is absolutely best Yet a light mold though never so rich is unapt for this purpose for the heaviest ground will bear the greatest weight of Hops Place your Garden so as the Sun may have free accesse to it either all day or warmest part of the day It must be guarded also from the wind either naturally defended by hills which is best or artificially by Trees but your Trees must stand aloofe lest the shadow of them reach the Hops or drop wet upon them which will destroy all About the end of March or beginning of April take your roots from some Garden where they are yearly cut and where the hills are raised high for there the roots will be greatest let each root be nine or ten inches long let there be three joynts in every root and of the last yeer's springing but be sure no wild hops cumber the ground which cannot be distinguished by the root but by the fruit or stalk Secrets in the ordering of Trees and Plants DOgs and cats applyed to the roots of trees before the sap rise have recovered many old decaying trees shred them 2. Divers waies for the enriching of a ground whereof to make an Orchard see among Flowers Numb. 1 2 3 4 5. 3. Gravelly ground is to be dunged with chalk and chalky with gravell for lack of dung T. T. 4. Strip away the leaves form the boxen slippe and winde not the stemme but set it whole without winding T. T. 5. Every slip of a bay tree will grow strip off the great leaves and set them in March when the sappe beginneth to rise 6. Every plant of an Eldern will grow T. T. 7. Sand enricheth a clay ground and clay a sandy ground 8. Every slip of the Poplar tree will grow 9. All Trees which you would have to grow thick at the top and to bush there cut or proin them in May for they spring more in June and July than all the yeare before or after 10. Plant Cherries in October November January and February T. T. 11. Plant Quince Trees in October November February and March T. T. 12. Set Hasells and Peare Trees in October November February and March T. T. 13. Set Apple cornells evermore the end that is next the root downward five fingers breadth between every cornell moysten them often with water by sprinkling and set the cornells in March T. T. 14. Set plumstones in November six or eight inches ches deep in the earth T. T. 15. Set the Pineapple cornel first steeped in water three dayes in October November February and March four inches deep 16. Set Peach-stones the sharp end downward in November four or five inches deep T. T. 17. Set springs and plants in harvest 18. If a Plant put forth many stalkes or branches from the root and you would have each branch to root then bear up the earth about them to some reasonable height either with tills or brickbats and in that earth every branch will root Quare if your branch will root at any part but in a joynt about the which also with a great aule you must pricke many holes even to the wood This is a necessary secret in all such plants as be straight and stiffe and not apt to bow or to be laid along within the earth By Mr. Pointer 19. How to recover an old decaying tree or Vine with bloud and pigeons dung see among the Flowers Numb. 34. 20. An Orchard of dwarf-trees that may be defended from all frosts see among the Flowers Numb. 32. 21. How to have early fruit see among the Flowers Numb. 33. 22. Plant Dwarse Trees and when the fruit is almost ripe bow down their branches with their fruit upon them into great earthen pots or pitched tubs either with bottomes or without bottomes the pots or tubs standing in the Earth then cover them with boards and earth from the sun and the sap of the Tree will keep them growing a long time as I suppose Prove this in greene fruit ripefruit and almost ripe fruit also in the blooming time if you fear frosts bow downe the branches with the blossoms as before to defend them in May from the injury of the weather and by this help you may happily have Fruit when others shall want 23. Put a Vine branch through a basket in December chuse such a one as is like to beare grapes fill the basket with earth and when the Grapes are ripe cut off the branch under the basket keep the basket abroad whilst the weather is warme and within doors in cold weather in a convenient place Prove this in plummes and cherries c. 24. Make divers holes with a croe of iron round about the bodies of your Trees and about Alhallontide pour Oxe bloud into the holes cover them with earth and this will make your trees to prosper well Probatum in Apricot trees By Mr. Andr. Hill If you do this at the Spring the smell of the bloud will offend you and therefore this practice is best for the Winter season 25. Plant the shoots of Sallow Willow Alder and of all swift growing trees being of seven yeares growth sloping off both the
ends one way and laying the sloaped ends towards the ground let them be of the length of a billet bury them a reasonable depth in the ground and they will put forth seven or eight branches each of which will becom a tree in a short time I take moyst grounds to be best for this purpose thus you may have speedy growing woods 26. To make any branch of a tree to root see among the Flowers numb. 45. 27. Mixe green Cow-dung and urine together wash the trees with a brush so high as you think meet once in two or three months and it will keep the trees from barking with beasts conies c. and the same doth also destroy the canker 28. Take of the rich crust of one acre of ground and therewith you may make any Garden or Orchard ground that is but a foot deep in goodnesse of what depth you please to make the rootes of your trees to prosper the better 29. In high grounds and sandy set Trees deepe in low grounds and watry plant them shallow the shallower the better By Master Hill But by Taverner you must set your Trees so that the rootes may spread in the upper crust which is the fruitfull part of the earth This crust in some grounds is two foot in some three foot in some one foot and in some but halfe a foot deepe see the reason more at large in his booke page 34. 30. Lop top and proin all Trees in January in the wane of the Moone and pare them over in March so shall the bark cover his stock the sooner 31. Slit the barke of all Trees that are bark bound in February or March in the increase of the Moon 32. Refuse to grasse plant remove lop top proin to slit the barks of trees or set or sow cornells nuts or stones in weather frosty or watry and when the wind shall be East or North or North-east Yea the best Oake felled under such a winde will prove but wind-shaken timber 33. Small Crabstock of three inches about or lesse may be graffed 34. Peare stocke and white thorne stockes of the same scantling all of them about the length of twelve or twenty four inches 35. Wild cherry stocks three four or five foot long and three inches about little more or lesse 36. White plumstockes would be of the same bignesse 37. When the stocke is able to put forth in one yeare a shoot of a yard long then is it of strength sufficient to bear a Cions for then it sheweth to like the ground well otherwise it will never prove a fair tree 38. A Peare or Warden grasled upon a white thorn will be small hard cappard and spotted but a Medlar may well be grafted upon a white thorne Taverner 39. The suckers of Quince trees and Filberds will prove well being planted Taverner 40. For Chestnuts and Wallnuts set the nuts onely Taverner Rules for inoculation or graffing in the bud 41. IF you graft in the bud be carefull to close the same well in the bottome of the scocheon for there the sap riseth that maketh it to take By Andr. Hill 42. From the eight of June until the 24 is the best time to graft in the bud in plums and cherries but specially in Apricots but the surest rule is to do this work when you find the bark to come easily from the body 43. Two parts of three in a Goos-quill taken away in breadth is an apt tool to take off a bud withall without danger of hurting the bud By Master Pointer Some commend a tool of Ivory some do onely slip off the bud and the bark together 44. Graffing by taking off a bud losenge wise and setting the same in another like place upon a stock is good By Master Pointer This is done at such time as is sit to graft in the cions 45. When your bud takes then in March after cut off all that groweth aboue it stripping away all the buds that put forth and that which remaineth serveth to leade up the branch of the bud to keepe it straight and to defend it from breaking with the wind 46. If you graft two or three buds upon one tree and they all do take maintaine onely the lowest and preserve and strengthen the same with some neither branch as before in num 45. 47. A Cherry prospereth well upon a Plum stocke but not e contra and therefore if you graft a Cherry in the bud upon a branch or bough of a Plumtree that doth beare you may make the same Tree to bear both Plums and Cherries Proved by Mr. Hill 48. A pair of Compasses made flat at the ends and sharp with edges is an apt instrument to cut away the bark for inoculation both for a true breadth and distance all at once And so likewise with the same you may take off the bud truly to fit the same place again in the stocks some Compasses are made flat at one end and sharp at the other 49. You must have care in this grafting not to hurt or bruise the gelly next the stock which must minister sap to your bud 50. Also when you have taken off your bud clip the sides of the bark whereon the bud standeth with a pair of Scissors very even in a square form or rather somewhat longer then broad for if you cut the Bark at the ends with a knife laying the inside upon any board you will hurt the gellie in the inside and then the bud will never take 51. Make the place ready for inoculation and remove not your bud before you mean to place it for taking of too much ayre 52. When you have cut down the bark on either side and likewise at the top leave the bottome of the barke whole and then slip down the bark and betweene the barke and the Tree put in the bud and bind the loose barke of the Tree upon your bud and by this meanes your grafting will take more certainly The lesser your slit is and the closer that your bud fitteth the slit it it the likelier to take 53. Take off your bud from a sprig of the last years shoot for that is best for this purpose by Mr. Andr Hill 54. Make an overthwart cut at the bottom and then begin your slit upward putting up your bud from the bottome of your slit closing well at the bottom This is contrary to the common course which beginneth at the top with a slit downward Graffing of a Cions 55. A Tool of Ebony or Box is better to open the bark than a toole of Iron if you would graft a cions betweene the bark and the tree By Master Pointer for Mars tainteth the sap presently 56. Grafting whipstocke wise and letting in the cions into the stock by a slit is good for young Trees that spring
from the Apricot But some commend rather the leting in of a branch of one Tree into the other worknanly for the more certaine kinde of grafting 78. Plant every stocke with one leading branch at the least to carry up the sap and after your stocke hath growne one year and maketh good shew of liking the ground then graft your cions upon it leaving one or two leaders but none so high as to overtop your cions and when your cions is well taken then cut away your leaders and all other spires and so your cions will prosper exceedingly By Andr. Hill 79. Some hold opinion that if when others begin to graft in the slit you doe then cut off the head of your stock leaving one branch near the head to lead the sap and then after cold weather is all past if you graft in the slit that so your stock and cions will prosper far better then if you had grafted the same in the slit at the first By Andr Hill But then you must remember to take away the leader that the sap may more plentifully feed the cions 80. Some doe cut off all their cions in the Winter viz. either in November or December and then lay them in earth and in the new Moone of March or Aprill they graft them and they prove exceeding well perswading themselves that no knife is so sharpe but that it will hurt the barke orgelly of the cions if the cions should be cut downe when the sap is up This of Mr. Colborne who commendeth this course upon long experience And if you graft those cions upon such forward trees as have put out their sap very plentifully they will prosper exceeding well because being hungry and almost starved for want of nourishment they take hold of the sap that ariseth from the stocke very eagerly 81. Note that your stocks may put forth buds yea small leaves and yet you may safely graft upon them 82. If you would have your stocks of your young grafted Trees to prosper and grow exceedingly then suffer the waterboughs to grow up with the stock till the bodies be as big as your arme and then prune them at your pleasure for by this meanes the sap doth rise more lustily when it hath many branches to draw from the root 83. You may graft in the Cions a Moneth after other men and yet have a longer shoot than they the same yeare in this manner Cut off the head of your stock when other men do which many times falleth out to be in very cold weather then cover your stock over with your artificiall wax as before in Numb. 74. and one moneth after or when all cold weather is past crop your stock one inchlower and then graft your cions and then cold weather being past the sap will rise very plentifully to maintaine the cions Proved by Master Andr. Hill 84. Graft not upon any young stock till it be able to put forth a shoot of a yard long in one yeare which sometimes will not happen till it have been of two or three years growth for till it put forth abundance of sap it will never feed the cions sufficiently proved by Master Andr. Hill 85. The stocks of black Cherry Trees are best to graft the great Cherry upon proved by Mr. Colborne 86. To have your Nursery full of stocks to graft on sow the stampings of crabs which are commonly full of Cornells By Mr. Kirwin 87. Let your Nursery consist alwayes of a more barrain ground then your Orchard whither you meane to remove your stocks and grafts So likewise if you transplant any Fruit trees bring them alwayes from a worse ground to a better or else they will never prosper 88. Slope your stockes which you meane to graft on like Colts feet before you graft them for so the bark will cover the sooner and the raine shooteth from the stock the better Proved by Master Colborne 89. If you would have your graft to beare quickly one speciall help is to take it out of a bearing branch 90. At the beginning of the yeer and before the sap doe rise you may graft in the body of the stock or by way of splicing upon every little branch of your Tree but alwayes remember to take off the top of your cions having any leaves upon it when the sap is up then you must graft betweene the barke and the stock and then the sap is so plentifully risen that the barke will easily pill from the body then may you graft in the bud or leafe How to graft at Christmas See before in Numb. 69. 91. To graft Roses or hearbs upon trees see among the Flowers Numb. 49. 92. Graft the small end of the cions downward and so of pears and apples and they will have no coar Quaere of glummes grafted upon a Willow to come without stones Also such apples and pears thus grafted will for the most part hang under the leaves and not be seene unlesse you come under the trees By S. 93. A grafted Apricot is the best yet from the stone you shall have a faire Apricot but not so good and the grafted is more tender then the other By S. 94. Graft a Medlar upon a Quince and it will bring a faire and large Medlar By S. 95. A cion of a pippin grafted upon a crab-stock is more kindly and keepeth better without touch of canker then being grafted upon a pippin By Mr. Simson 96. Trees that bear early or often in the yeare as Peare Trees upon VVindsorhill which beare three times in a yeare these though they be removed to as rich or richer ground yet they do seldom bear so early or so often except the soyle be of the same hot nature and have the like advantages of situation and other circumstances with those of VVindsor And therefore commonly the second fruit of that Pear tree being removed doth seldome ripen in other places By Master Hill 97. All those fantasticall conceits of changing the colour taste or sent of any Fruit or Flower by infusing mixing or letting in at the bark or at the roots of any tree hearb or flower of any coloured or aromaticall substance Master Hill hath by often experience sufficiently controlled and though some Fruits and flowers seeme to carry the sent or taste of some aromaticall body yet that doth rather arise from their own naturall infused quality then from the hand of man 98. Some do never graft betweene the bark and the tree but in old stocks 99. Lop the branches of your trees alwayes in Winter before the sap doe rise within ten or twelve inches of the trunk and in the Spring when the sap is up cut those branches close to the trunk And so shall you both have your tree lusty because no sap is left in those vast branches which would have beene lost if you had
but in any case cut not the green bark above it and then set it in the ground and it will grow to be a faire Tree in one yeare according to the length of the bough Quaere of watering the loam now and then Yet in reason me thinkes it a likelier course to clap a gilliflower pot made of purpose in two halfes with a great hole in the bottome about such an arme and after you have bound the pot well with wier then to fill it with good earth which you may better water in dry weather than you can do the lump of loam You may also use a twig no bigger than ones finger in the same manner Yet some do rather commend the binding of the loam or earthing the Tree with a pot about it without taking away any bark at all but only pricking many holes with a great aule in that part of the bark which is covered with the loam or earth You must remember to underprop the pot or else to hang it fast to the Tree Quaere if a branch must not root at a joynt 120. If you cut off the top or head of an Elme it will not leave rotting downward till it be hollow and doat within but an Oake will abide heading and not rot Also the boughs or branches of an Elme would be left a foot long next to the Trunk when you lop them This of an expert Carpenter 121. To avoid sappinesse fell both the bodies and the arms of Oaks and Elms in December after the frost hath well nipped them and so your saplings whereof rafters sparres c. are made will last as long as the heart of the Tree without having any sap By the same man 122. Take off a thin turfe of two foot round about each tree newly planted cover the same with Fearn Pease straw or such like a handfull thick water your Trees once a moneth if the weather prove dry with dung water or common water that hath stood in some open pit in the sun This keepeth the ground loose from baking whereby the Tree will prosper the better and put forth shoots of three and four foot in one year remember you do not set any Tree above one foot deep or little more give each Tree some props for the first yeare that the wind shake it not too much And yet some of good experience doe hold that it skilleth not how much a young tree be shaken so as it be not blown up by the roots and that it prospereth so much the better 123. Quinces growing a gainst a wall lying open to the sun and defended from cold windes eate most delicately This secret the Lord Darcy brought out of Italy quaere of all other Fruits 124. Set Peach stones in a dry ground where there is no water within three or four foot for this tree hath one root that will run deep into the ground and if it once getteth into the water the Tree dyeth The stone bringeth forth a kindly Peach Set Peach and Apricot stones in pots of earth within doors in February keep the earth moist by wat ring now then transplant them in March into your Orchard By S. 125. In the end of March gather the sap of the Trees within a foot of the ground but take off the first bark then slit the white bark overthwart wise even to the body of the Tree but slit onely that part of the bark which standeth South-west or between South West because little or no sap riseth from the North or North-east side After you have slit the Tree open the slit with your knife so as you may let in a leafe of a Tree first fitted to the breadth of the slit and from this the sap will drop as it doth in filtration Take away the leaf and the bark will close again earthing it with a little earth upon the slit By S. 126. Cut away all the idle shoots of the last year in your Apricot and Cherry Trees before Christmas some three weeks to make your fruit the fairer 127. If you would stay the sap of Trees from rising to make your Trees to blossom later thereby to avoid frosts in blooming time then hack crosse-wise viz. overthwart the Tree upon so much of the Tree as is within the ground even down to the root and then cover it again with earth Hack it very thick even thorough all the bark to the very Wood in the new Moone three weekes before Christmas if they be Apple trees pear trees or warden trees but for Apricots doe this rather in the full of the Moone next before Christmas but crosse hack your cherry trees and peach trees in the new moon next after Christmas and so you shall have your blossomes and by consequence your fruit come later then other mens doe because the sap cannot rise I thinke you must also hack the maine root Cuaere By S. 128. If you would make a tree in a short time to cast his leaves and thereby to bring forth young leaves which will last upon the tree fresh and green when all other Trees have lost their leaves then crosse hack the bark close to the wood about Midsomer In all the crosse hackings here mentioned let every of them be halfe an inch or thereabout distant one from another and every rank of hacks one inch above another or thereabout Also this practice to avoid the fall of the leafe must be done but every second yeare to any Tree for fear of destroying the same 129. But if in January or before the sap doe rise you hack the body long-wise and not overthwartly and that only thorough the first bark and no further this will make the bodies of your Trees to swell and burnish the better to maintain their heads or grafts 130. And if by overthwart hacking you would only kill the mosse of Trees then let your overthwart backs be thorow the bark even to the wood and this you must do between Alhallontide and S Andrews day viz. so soon as the leaves be off the Tree both to avoid mosse and to make barren Trees to bear You must make these hacks with the nether corner or point of a small hatchet so as every notch may be about half an inch long and hack the body the height of a man viz. one row of hacks two inches below one another all over the body but let there be a distance between the overthwart hacks so as they may not meet in a round ring like a circle about the tree and by this meanes the uppermost bark whereon the mosse grew will in time fall clean away and the mosse with it and the tree will gather a new bark And though the tree be thus hacked but to a mans height yet the tree will beare much better the next yeare But when your leisure serveth crosse-hack all the body in this manner even to the trunk as